none but hath some deuice in his hed and in euery Prouince of a seuerall kinde All the Indians of the Playnes are deuided into three sortes the one are called Yngas another sorte are called Tallanes the thirde Mochicas in euery Prouince they differ in spéeche notwithstandinge the Noble men called Casâ—ikes besides their natural spéeche doo all generally vnderstande the language of the Cittie of Cusco because the Kinge of Peru called Guaynacaua Father of King Atabaliba thought it a base thinge y t his Subiectes especially noble men should talke with him by interpreters whervpon hee commaunded that all the Cascikes of his Countrey and dominions and their Brethren and kinsemen should sende their Children to serue and attende on the Kinge in his Court vnder the colour to learne the courtly spéeche but cheefely the Kinges intente was to assure his countrey with the principall men of his Kingdome in hauinge their children in pledge But bee it as it will by this meanes it came to passeâ— that all the Nobilitie of his Lande vnderstoode and could speake the language vsed in Court as in Flaunders the Gentilmen others speake the Frenche tongue so that in conclusion any Spanyarde that attained to the Cusco spéech mought wel passe throughout the dominions of Peru aswell in the Playnes as in the Mountaynes to vnderstand and to be vnderstood among the chéefest Of the ordinary Windes which blow in the Plaines and the cause of drynesse Chap. 7. WIth great reason those which reade this History may stande in doubt of the cause why it rayneth not in the Playnes of Peru as before is specified for by euident tokens should bee thought that those thinges could not bee true by reason of the growen Riuers which fal into the Sea and commonly engender moysture vapors comming out of the Mountaynes hauing their beginning of the continuall Snow which there abideth wherof relation is made before yea and the sayd Hilles neuer want clowdy weather intermixed with rayne The natural reasoÌ„ therof found out by such as diligently haue sought the secret therof which is that in all those Playnes and Sea coast all the whole yeare bloweth one only Winde which the Mariners call Siluestre which runneth alonge that coast with such force that the Cloudes and Uapors haue no rest in those playnes nor Sea coast to come vnto the region of the ayer and from the high Mountaines The cloudes and vapors do shew like another Heauenâ— so those which are beneathe in the Playnes and abouâ— them agayne it is as cleare as Christall and this onely winde also causeth the Seagate or Currant to runne alwaies Northward although some men are of another opinion which is that where the South sea commeth to fall into the mouth of the straight of Magalanus beeinge there so narrowe and excéedeth not the bredth of two Leagues so that the greate power of the water can not there haue yssue and also their encounteringe with the Northen Sea which likewise disturbeth his passage so that of force it maketh reflection and recoyle backeward and so forceth the Currant toward the North. And here riseth another inconuenience which is y t the NauigatioÌ„ from Panama to Peru is with such difficultie because the winde is alwayes contrary and also the most part of the yeare y e Currant likewise so that y e Saylers do sayle continually by the bowlinge against the fury of y e winde or else it were not possible to sayle that Coast. All along the coast of Peru are great number of fishe and many Zeale fishes From the Riuer of Tumbez forward are found none of those great Lizartes of which we haue spoken But some holde opinion the cause is that the countrey forward is more temperate and those beastes are louers of heate but the most certaine reason is because the Riuers thereabout are of a more swifter currant and suffereth them not to bréede for their ordinarie breeding is in the calme places of Riuers Now at this day in all the length of the playnes are Uillages and Townes of Christians and fiue Cities the first is called Puerto Viejo which staÌ„deth very nere vnto the Equinoctiall This Citie hath but fewe inhabitants because the countrey is poore and apt for diseases yet there are some mines of Emraldes as is before declared Fifteene leagues with in the mayne is another citie called saint Mighel which in the Indian spech they call Pura This is a pleasant soyle and fruitefull but no mines of golde nor plate This place is apte for sore eyes and few or none that passeth that way escapeth that disease Threescore leagues forward along the coast standeth another citie in a valley called Trugillio and is distant from the sea two leagues The porte or harbor belonging to this citie is perillous This citie is placed in a plaine plot nere vnto a Riuer side and is aboundantly prouided of wheate Maiz and cattell It is also exceeding wel built there are in this citie aboue thrée hundred housholds of Spaniards Foure score Leagues forward standeth another Cittie two Leagues distant from a Porte of the Sea which is an excellent good Roade for Shippes it is scituated in a Ualley called Lyma and named the Cittie of the Kings because the day of Epiphany it was begun to inhabite it is placed in a plaine ground neare vnto a mighty Riuer The Countrey there about is plentifull of Corne many sortes of fruites and cattell the building of this Cittie is such that all the streates doo méete in a faire large place from the which a man may see through euery streat into the Féeldes the dwelling is maruailous healthfull because it standeth in a temperate Climat and not vexed throughout the yeare with neither heate nor colde extreamely The hoatest season of the yeare is more temperate then in Spayne for in the time of their heate in Lyma which is in SoÌ„mer there falleth euery morninge a swéete Dew which is nothing hurtful to mans health but rather profitable for such as haue the head ache vse to wash their heads with the Dewe water and therwith finde great ease All Spanish fruit groweth and prospereth wel in this Soyle especially Orenges Sidrons Lemons Figges Powngarnardes and Uines wherof had béene there aboundance if the alteracions in the Land had not disturbed their plantinge for experience hath shewed that the very Kernell of the Grape hath perduced faire Uynes There groweth also greate store of Pot earbes such as ordinarily grow in Spayne euery house hath belonging vnto it a litle runninge water or Brooke brought in by conueyance of slewce which water is sufficient to driue a mill although along the Riuer side they haue their common milles where the Spaniards grinde their corne This citie is iudged the most pleasant dwelling in all the land because the porte and roade for shippes maketh the Citie to be of great contractation for MarchaÌ„ts So that the people of all Cities Townes and
THE DISCOVERIE AND CONQVEST of the Prouinces of PERV and the Nauigation in the South Sea along that Coast. And also of the ritche Mines of POTOSI THE RICHE MINES OF POTOSI ¶ Imprinted at London by Richard Ihones Febru 6. 1581. The strange and delectable History of the discouerie and Conquest of the Prouinces of Peru in the South Sea And of the notable things which there are found and also of the bloudie ciuill vvarres vvhich there happened for gouernment Written in foure bookes by Augustine Sarate Auditor for the Emperour his Maiestie in the same prouinces and firme land And also of the ritche Mines of Potosi Translated out of the Spanish tongue by T. Nicholas Imprinted at London by Richard Ihones dwelling ouer against the Fawlcon by Holburne bridge 1581. TO THE RIGHT HOnourable Maister Thomas Wilson Doctor of the Ciuill Lawe and one of the principall Secretaries to the Queenes most excellent Maiestie TVllius and Caius Plinius wrote that neither Posie nor Rethoricke seemed sweete or delectable without the ornament of eloquence Yet an Historie of whatsoeuer sorte it be written dooth please and delight because men may thereby knowe the successe of things happened to the knowledge whereof the nature of man is bent yea the tale of a Plowman is sometime delightfull to the hearer especiallie when any new thing is discouered And where the stile of this historie in our English tongue is not nor at the least I cā not polish as learned mē might require Yet the troth and pith of the matter vttered in plaine sort shall suffice giuing licence as much as in me lieth to whosoeuer that will take the paines to write it ouer againe to beautifie the same as to him or them shall seeme conuenient as often times hath happened among the Greeke and Latine Historiographers and Translators The Author of this woorke right honorable was a Gentleman of woorshipful stocke or linage he was highlie esteemed of the Emperour Charles the fift vnto whose Maiestie he was sometime Secretarie in his roiall counsel of iustice and afterward ordained Auditor of accompts of the reuenues appertaining to his Maiestie in the Prouinces of Peru and firme lande This well minded Gentleman after the writing of this Historie feared the publishing hereof for two principall causes The one least the discendent of such as had committed things not woorthie of praise would conceaue some euill oppinion of him or els the issue of the vertuous and noble sort would iudge the praise and commendations of their progenitors sufficiently set foorth according to their deserts In consideration whereof he called to remembraunce the oppinion of Horatius which was that no Historie should come to light vntill nine yeares were fullie past after the action thereof This oppinion liked him not but rather thought it more cōuenient that Histories◠woorthie of writing should abide in scilēce for the space of lxxxx yeeres thinking that in so manie yeares space the linage and ofspring of the one sort might consume and the race of the noble and vertuous to be contented vvith the commendation of their Auncestors The Kinge of Spaine that now is hauing perused the originall Copie of this Historie requested mine Author to publish the same in Printe and in accomplishment of his Maiesties commaundemēt he hath so doone And the Englishing of foure bookes of his worke I most humbly here present vnto your Honor. I may at this day God be praised boldlie write that where the Spanish and Portingall Naciōs dare glorie of their discoueries Nauigacions with great commendations of their Captaines Colon Vasco dela Gama Magalanez Hernando Cortez Don Francisco Pisarro Don Diego de Almagro Now may our most gracious Queen most iustly cōpare withall the Princes of the world both for discouery nauigacion The Discouery of the Portingall East India was atchiued in 26. moneths the West India in shorter space Magalanez returned not to manifest his dooinges But our valyant and noble minded Captaine Maister Francis Drake in his Nauigation was occupied more or nighe three yeares In which time he sayled and attained to the knowledge of the East and West course which none at any time had euer atchiued His paineful trauaile and maruailous Nauigation was not obtayned with white handes perfumed gloues daintie fare or softe lodging no no Honour is not gotten with pleasures quiet mindes For the sweet Roses groweth among Thornes yet the ignorant will iudge that perpetuall Fame and heauenly Felicitie is a thinge to be gotten with facilitie and ease But if the poore Sayler should sit as Iudge I am sure that hee would say how extreame hunger thyrst hard lodging vpon Hatches foule garmentes blustryng stormes of winde with Hayle Snowe bitter colde Thunder Lightning and continuall perill of life leadeth the hie pathway to the Court of eternall Fame The honour of our good Captayne and company lieth not in my Pen to set out accordingly therfore I remit the same to sutche as hereafter shall iustly sette foorth his paynes and trauell My humble sute is to beseech your Honour to accept this woorke into your patronage and the Almightie graunt your harts desire Your honours at commaundment Thomas Nicholas TO THE READER THe doubt which hath ben held gentle Readers vpon the verefiyng by what way it was possible to passe into the Prouinces of Peru I meane for the people whiche of antiquitie there first inhabited But to satisfie that doubt seemeth sufficient the aucthoritie and opinion of the diuine Plato who in brief maketh rehersal thereof in his booke intituled Thimeum otherwise called the nature thinges and afterwarde in another booke or Dialogue more at large proceeding on forward after his Thimeum called Atlanticum where hee treateth of an Historye which the Egiptians set forth in praise and commendation of the Athenienses saying that in times paste they were of such power that they ouercame and atchiued victory against certayne Kinges and an infinite number of men of warre which came by Sea from a great Iland called Insula Atlantica which had Origen at Hercules Pillers and was accounted greater then al Asia and Africa wherin was contayned tenne Kingdomes the which Neptunus deuided amonge his ten Sonnes but to the eldest called Atlas hee gaue the greatest Kingdome He also writeth of many other memorable thīgs as also of the customes and ritches of this great Iland but especially of a famous temple which was built in the principall Citie the walles and roofes wherof were wainscotted with plate of golde siluer and latton and other many particularities which are longe to rehearce as originally may be seen where they are written at large Many of whiche customes and ceremonies at this day wee haue seen in Peru. From this Iland they sayle to other great Ilands which stand on the farder side therof nere adioynyng to the firm or continent lande beyond the which is the sea called the brode or true Sea The formall words of Plato in the beginninge of Thimeum
obtained of Peru wherupon they agréede to procéed on the discouery of the same and therupon laid all their goods into stocke of company The first and principallest of them was called Don Francisco Pisarro who was borne in a Cittie of Spayne called Trugillio The seconde was named Don Diego de Almagro natural of the Towne of Mallagon whose stocke or lynage could not vnto this day be perfecâ—ly knowen yet some doth holde opinion that hée was found at the Church doore in his swadling clothes after that hee was newly borne The thirde was a Préest called Fernando de Luque And where these thrée were the richest and principallest men in that Countrey they determined to encrease their ritches also to serue herein his Maiesty the Emperour Charles the fifth wherupon they concluded to take in hande to discouer by the South Sea the Easterly coast of the firme Lande towarde those places which afterward were named Peru So that after they had obtained licence of y e Gouernour who at that instant then gouerned for his Maiesty called Pedro Arias de Auila Don Francisco Pisarro arriued and rigged forth a Shippe wherin hee himself tooke shipping as Captaine General with 114. men in his company and so procéeded on the Uoyage and in short space hee discouered a smal and poore Prouince fiftie Leagues distant from the Cittie of Panama the which hee named Peru and afterward called the whole Countrey of the same name which was discouered for the space of 1200. Leagues And procéeding forward hee found another Land which the Spanyards named the burnt Towne where the Indians of that place held them cruell warre and slew many of his men so that he was forced to retire sore wouÌ„ded to the Countrey of Chinchama In this meane season Don Diego de Almagro who aboad at home had prepared another ship and therin tooke shipping with 70. Spanyardes and with them proceeded to seeke Don Francisco Pisarro sayling along the Coast til hée came to the Riuer which hee named the Riuer of S. Ihon which standeth 100. Leagues distant from Panama And findinge him not hee returned to the burnt Towne and there had vnderstanding of his beeing there where hee also came a score but the Indians encouraged with the victory and expulsion of Don Francisco did like wise valyantly resist his entry yea and also put him and his company to the woorse in so much that they entred a Forte where the Spanyards defended them selues through the ouersight of those which had the charge of that part of the Fortresse by meane wherof they put the Spanyardes to flight and also with a stripe put out one of the eyes of Don Diego by reason wherof they were forced to flee and to retire to the Sea side to take Shippinge agayne and from thence sayled along the Coast of firme Land vntill hee arriued at Chinchama where he found Don Francisco wiâ—h whom after long communicacion and refreshing of themselues they gathered togeather about 200. Spâ—nyardes aâ—d so proceeded againe vpon the discouery with two Shippes and 3. Canoas which were small Uessels built like vnto Troughes In which Nauigacion they passed many and great troubles by reason the Coaste is lowe and full of Marrish ground and replenished with great Lizarts which the Indians call Caymanes and are Beastes which breede in the mouthes of those Riuers which are so great that commonly they are of 20. yea 25 foote long Their property is aswel to refresh themselues on the Land as in the Water but if any of them can laye holde vpon Man or Beast in the Water their strength is such that they carry theÌ„ vnder water where as they deuoure and consume them But cheefely they smell a Dogge a farre off and they laye their Egges on the Land a great number togeather where they breede but among the Sandes they are slow of their creepinge after they haue hatched they leade their Younge to the Water in the which their natural properties they may bee compared to the Crocodilles of Nilo they also suffer much honger for their feedinge when they want meate is the fruite of a Trée called Maugle wherof are many in those Riuers which are of harde Timber highe and straight in groweth and grow in salte water which is not onely salte but also bitter But the opinion is that those Beastes vse to eate of that Fruite when other feeding fayleth they eate also Fish In all this Coast the Grayne called Maiz groweth not In this sorte they went rowinge with their Canoas against the currant of the Sea which alwayes runneth Northward and their way was Southward and in this Nauigacion all along the Coaste the Indians assaulted them accordinge to the custome of their Warres thundering out cryes and noyse callinge them banished men with haire on their faces yea such as were bred of y e scuÌ„ of the Sea without any other Origen or Linage because the Sea had brought them thither demaunding also why they wente like Uacabondes wandringe the World it should appeare saide they that you are ydle persons and haue not wherin to imploy your selues because you abide in no place to labour and till the ground And wheras many of their men and Captaines were slaine by thesâ— Indians aswel by hunger as other wise Don Diego determined to returne to Panama for mo men the which his determinacion he performed and had from thence 80 men so that with them and the residew that remained aliue they arriued at the Land called Carame which was without the dominion of the Mauglares and a Countrey aboundant of meate but meanely inhabited The Indians of y e Countrey which were men of War had their Chéekes full of holes wherin were placed Pearles of Golde and findinge this place so fruitfulâ— they abode there vntill Don Diego de Almagro returned agayne to Panama for more men But in this meane while Don Francisco Pisarro returned abiding the coÌ„ming of his companion in a litle Iland which stoode neare vnto the Mayne called Insula de Gallo wheras hée stood in néede of all thinges necessary How Don Francisco Pisarro abode in the Iland of Gorgona and how with the small company of men which hee had remayninge hee sayled till hee passed the Equinoctiall Chap. 2. WHen Don Diego de Almagro returned to Panama for succour he found that his Maiestie had prouided for gouernment of the same Cittie a Gentilman of Cordoua called Pedro de los Rios who staid his procéeding personally because those which remained in the Iland of Gallo had sente secretly to this new Gouernour to intreate that hée should not permit any moe men to dy in that daungerous Iorney without any profit wheras tosore others of their Nacion had ended their dayes and that it might please him to coÌ„maund them also to returne In consideracion wherof Pedro de los Rios sente his Deputie with especiall commaundement that all such as were willing might safely retuâ—ne to Panama without daunger and
of the thing which was ment to be signified so that in euerye Prouince were Offycers who had the charge to keepe the thinges in memorie with those coardes which were called Quippo Camayos so that many publique houses were found full of those coardes and the saide officers could by them easily declare any matter concerning their effecte although it had beene of many yeres paâ—t Of the people and things that are beyonde the Equinoctiall line towarde the Meridian along the sea Coast. Cap. 6. BEyonde the Equinoctiall line towarde the Meridian standeth an Iland 12. leagues distant from the towne of Boio neere adioyâ—ing to the firme land The which Ilande is called Puma and hath in it aboundance of sundrie sortes of beastes and store of deere and much fresh fish in swete waters In time past this Iland was replenished with people and maintained warres with all the townes about their frontiers but principallye they were enemies to the inhabitants of Tumbez which standeth 12. leagues distant from them They were lords of many Raffes for their nauigation these Raffes were made of long light poules bound one vpon another so that alwayes those which were placed vppermost were odde as ordinarily fiue seuen or nine and the middle powle was longer then the rest as a Ruther to guyde the Raffe and thereon sate the rower so that the raffe is made like an open hand euen as one finger is longer then another And on the toppe are plankes layde to kepe soldiers or passengers from wetting There are Raffes that 50. men and 3. horses may wel be carryed on them They vse for them as wel sayles as oares the Indians are very good Marryners for such kinde of vessels although it hath happened that when Spaniards haue sailed on those Raffes the Indians suttlely haue vndone the ropes wherewith the timber was bound together and so ech peece sodenly to separate froÌ„ other By meanes whereof many Christians haue peryshed and the Indians saued them selues vpon the powles withoâ—t any other thing to succour them by reason that they can swim exceeding well Their chiefe weapons for the warres were slinges clubbes and hatchets made of siluer and copper They had many speares or Iauelings with the sharpe poynts of them made of base golde Both the men and women vsed to were many iewels and ringes of golde Their ordinarie vessell was wrought and made of siluer and golde The Lorde of that Ilande was greatly feared among his people hee was also exceeding ielious of his wiues in so much that all those seruitours which attend vppon them had their noses cut of and likewise their genitall members In another litle Iland adioyning to the same they found a house and a gardeine plot or orchard within the same hauing litle trees and plantes therâ—in made of siluer and gold Ouer against this Iland in the firme land were certaine Townes the which by displeasure taken by the Lord of Peru he commaunded that aswell men as wemen should haue all their vpper teeth drawen out of which toothlesse people vntil this day are some liuing Proceeding forward beyond Tumbez toward the Meridian for the space of 500 leagues along the coast and ten leagues into the mayne there neuex rayneth thundreth or falleth any lightning or thunderbolt But passing the sayd ten leagues within the mayne land distant from the sea it both rayneth and thundreth haue both winter and summer in their due seasons in the same maner as is in Spaine But when it is winter in the mountaynes then is it summer on the sea coast and thâ— like contrariwise So that the leâ—gth of that coast which is already discouered of the land of Peru which taketh his beginning and is accompted from the citie of Pasto vnto the Prouince of Chili is one thousand eight hundred leagues as large as the leagues of Castillia and throughout the sayd Countrey lieth a long mountayne or ridge of hilles very troublesome to passe which in some places doth stand distant from the sea 15. yea and 20. leagues and in some places the branches of that mouÌ„taine approacheth nere the sea brim So that all which as yet is discouered of Peru is to be vnderstand by two names that is to say all the ground betweene the mountaines and the sea is called plaines and all the rest is called mountaines The plaines are drie and the most part sands for as before is declared there it neuer rayneth nor yet hath there bene founde any spring or fountaine sauing nere the sea side are 4. or 5. aqueys or cesterns the water wherof is saltish But the people doe prouide themselues of water of the Riuers which descend out of the mountaines The cause of those riuers is the thawing of the snow and rayne which commeth from the sayd hilles where very fewe naturall springes are found These riuers are distant one from another some 10. and some 15. and 20 leagues but the most ordinarie are of seuen and eight leagues so that commonly the trauelers doo appointe their iorneys accordingly to come vnto their fresh water Some of these riuers are a league broade and some lesse according to the disposition of the ground Along those Riuer sides are faire prospectes of trees and fruites ground conuenient for the Indians to sowe their â—orne called Maiz. After the Spaniards began to inhabite this contrey they sowed wheate all the saide plaine grounde they vsed to water with sâ—ewces conueyed out of the Ryuers in which arte they haue great experience and industry the beauty of those Riuers with Trees and fruites aforesaid grow along the said Riuers euen from the Seaâ— vnto the Mountaines those Riuers comming from the â—illes discendinge with such vehemency that the Spanyardes could not passe them on Horsebacke especially the Riuer called Sancta and many others so that those which iorney in those Playnes they keepe all along the Sea coaste but in the Winter season it is daungerous trauailinge that coaste by reason of the excéedinge great currantes of those Riuers that the waye is not vadeable on Horsebacke but only on Raffes or els with a bundell of Gourdes which they vse to binde before their breasts and vnder their armes and an Indian Pilot goeth before swimmyng to leade the way The grounde alonge these Riuers is excéeding fruitefull as wée haue declared where Wheat Maiz groweth in abouÌ„dance without respecting any time of sowing These Indians dwell not in houses but their abidyng is vnder Trées and shadowes made for the purpose Their women were garments made of Cotton woll like vnto gownes which come downe to their féete The men were shirtes downe to the knées and certein Mantels vpon the same although their attire is after one sorte they differ in the attire of their heads accordynge to the vse of euery countrey some vse their haire bounde vp with laces of woll some with one lace and other with many laces of sundry colours so there is
Mines It is wel fortified by reason that it standeth high and is compassed with a marueylous deepe valley wherein is a Riuer that runneth almost in circuite of the hill where the Towne standeth The Marshall Alonso de Aluarado was the first that did inhahite this Prouince vnto whom it was commended Beyond this prouince about 60. leagues standeth another Towne of Christians called Guanuco which was buylt by the commaundement of the Licensiat Vaca de Castro who named it Leon because hee him selfe was borne in the citie of Leon in Spayne This towne is well prouided of victuals and is thought to be aboundaÌ„t of Mines especially towarde that parte which Prince Inga holdeth y e people wherof were occupied in warres in the Prouince called Andes as hereafter shal be declared So that beyond this place there is not in the Mountaine any village of Christians vntil you come to Guamâ—nga which was named Saint Ihon de Victoria standeth distant from Guanuco sixtie leagues This village is but meanly inhabited of ChristiaÌ„s but it is thought that it wil be better if the Prince Inga cease from his warres who hath vsurped a great part of the best ground thereunto belonging and specially where the best Mines are and greatest quantitie of the rich herbe called Coca From this Towne of Guamanga vnto the citie of Cusco is distance 80. leagues In the which are many plots of Rocky and troublesome way to passe which causeth great perill vnto y e wayfaring men The citie of Cusco before the Christians comming thyther was the chiefest seat court of the Indian kings of all the whole Prouince so that from that princely citie was gouerned and ruled all those countreis and Prouinces here before declared and hereafter shalbe declared To this citie al the Cascikes or noble men resorted from all places of the Empire to bring their tributes appertaining to the Prince as also to deale about particular affayres and to demaund iustice in their suites one with another In all the whole dominions of that countrey there was not any place of habitacion that had the Maiestie or manner of a cittie but onely Cusco where was a fayre Fortresse wrought of square stones which were so huge and great that it was a wonder how they were brought thither by Indian strength of men without helpe of Oxen Muyles or other Beastes and yet there are some one stone that tenne yoake of Oxen could not with their strength mooue them from the place from whence they were brought and the houses wherin the christians dwell in at this day are the very same that the Indians made for their owne dwellinge so that some of those houses are repaired and other increased of the same fashion The cittie was deuided into foure partes in such order that all such as came thither to dwel or to lodge in Kinge Inga commaunded that they should lodge or inhabite in the streat which lay toward the place froÌ„ whence they came Those which came from the South parte were called collasmo by the name of a Towne called collao and hee which came from the North was called chinchasuyo by reason of a Prouince which lay that way called Chincha which is now appertaininge to the Emperour and is vnhabited and nothing worth and in this manner they name accordingly the other two partes which lyeth East and West Andesuyo and Condesuyo â— so y t no Indian might dwell or lodge in any other streat but only in that streat which lay towarde the place from whence hee came vpon a great penalty All the countrey neare adioyning to the cittie is excéeding plentifull of all kinde of victuals and exceedinge healthfull for it is approued that any sound man of body that commeth into this countrey doth long continue in health It is inuironed with many ritch Mines of golde out of the which hath bene gathered the infinite summe which vntill this day hath beene brought into Spayne although now since the discouery of the Mines of Potosi they leaue the gold mines and worke in those siluer Mines because therein they finde a greater gaine then in the golde workes and also is gotten with lesse danger both of Indians and christians which deale in those affaires From the citie of cusco to the Towne called Villa de Plata which staÌ„deth in the Prouince of charcas are 150. leagues and more and in the midway standeth a great prouince in the plaine called collao which is about fiftie leagues long The principalsâ— part thereof is called Chiquito which now appertaineth to his Maiestie And being so great a peece of ground vnhabited of christians the Licensiat Dela Gasca in Anno .45 commaunded to buylt a village in the prouince of Collao This town called Villa de Plata is a place of extreme colde none like vnto it in al the mountaines by meane of which colde there are few dwellers but those which abide there are marueilous ritch and those few inhabitants of this towne abide the most parte of the yere in the mines which are in the circuite of Porco and Potosi as hereafter shalbe declared From Villa de Plata entringe inwarde to the maine on the left hand Eastward was discouered by commaundement of the Licensiat Vaca de Castro who sent for that purpose captaine Diâ—go de Roâ—as and Philip Gutierez to the Prouince which now is called by the name of Diego de Rojas and is reported to be a good and holesome countrey aboundant of al necessary victuall howbeit the tresure of Mines expected was not there found for which consideration captaine Domingo de Italia and his companions came into Peru in anno 49. so that in conclusion they trauailed all the Lande that is between the South Sea and the Northe Sea at the time when they wente vp the Ryuer of Plate in discouery of the Northen coast This is the scituation of all the Lande discouered inhabited throughout the Prouince of Peru toward the South Sea presupposing the Discouery along y e South coast without entry into the Mayne because in the discouery of the Mayne the certaintie is not yet knowen by reason of the troublesome and perrilous wayes that leadeth y e course both with colde double cragged Hilles destitute of victuals and al comfort for man yet neuerthelesse the Spanyardes would not haue feared these great perrils if they had not doubted the gayne of treasure which they thought was not to bee had in that proceedinge Of the opinion which the Indians had concerning their creation and other thinges Chap. 10. WHere as the Indians had no kinde of writing as before is declared they knew not the Origen of their creation nor yet the ende which the Worlde had at the time of Noes Fludde But accordinge to the iudgemente and heresay of their Auncestors from time to time These people helde opinion that out of the partes of Sepâ—enâ—â—ion came a man that had neither bone nor ioynt and when hee went any whither
contrariwise if any chaunced to be with child theÌ„ she was put to her purgation by oth if she sware that she was gotten with child by the Sun then was she pardoned of death At the time of haruest when the Indians gathered in their corne called Maiz they vsed yerely to make a solemne feast and in y t fairest place of the towne they pitch into the ground two masts like soÌ„merpoles vpon the top of each they placed y e image of a man and the middle of the poales are trimmed with flowers Then come they in foure seueral companies w t their drummes and by the sound of their drummes they come also making a great noyse ech company throwing their wands at the images and after they haue so done then coÌ„meth the priest bringing an idol which they place at the foote of the poales before whoÌ„ they sacrifice either a man or a sheepe and with the bloud of either of them they annoynt the Idole This done they take the hart lights to search for their accustomed signes tokens And then they signifie therby vnto the people what shal happen vpon which newes the feaste is either pleasant or sad and all that day they spend in daunsing and drinking and in other pastimes which they vse with instruments of musick according to their maner w t their weapons in their hands which are hatchets clubs and such like The opinion which these Indians holde concerninge the resurrection Chap. 12. THe Cascikes of Peru al the principall persons in the Land they do vse to bury in vaultes sitting in chaires and haue vpon them and about them all their ritch clothing they were wont to burie also with them one or two of their wiues which were best beloued It hath happened about this poinct sometime the wiues to go to law to approoue which was best beloued and to auoide that discord the husband doth leaue determined before his death who was his best beloued they also buried aliue with him two or thrée boyes or Pages of seruice they layd also into the graue al his vessell of Golde and Siluer The effecte and meaninge hereof was that they beleeued to rise againe in another worlds and therfore they would not then be to séeke for such furniture or seruice So than when the Spanyards came to breake vp those Sepulchres for the gold plate that was in them the Indians besought them that they would not scatter y e bones because said they their bones béeinge togeather they shall more easely and with lessâ— paine rise againe The obsequies which their kinsfolke make for them is in this sort from the top of the Graue there goeth a pipe made of Cane that reacheth down into the mouth of the dead wherunto the kinsefolke do ofteÌ„ put into the drinke or beuaredge called Chicha they also make vpon their Graues the Image of the ded made of wood and other coÌ„mon folke hath the signe of their occupacion made vpoÌ„ their graues but the Souldier or man of War hath a remeÌ„brance according to his valiantnes Of the Origen of the Kings of Peru called Ingas Chap. 13. IN all the Prouinces of Peru were principall persons called in the Indian tongue Curacas which is as much to saye as Cascikes in the Iland spéeche because the Spanyardes which came to conquer in Peru had learned these names in the Iland of Santo Domingo Cuba Sainct Ihon and in Tierrafirme where they had dwelt so that at their first coÌ„ming thyther they vnderstood not the proper names of things in the Peru speach by meane wherof the Indians themselues at this day vse to name those things according to the Spanyards termes of speech and therfore they leaue from callinge their noble men Curaca and call them Cascikes and the corne or graine which they were wont to call Sara they called Maiz and the drinke which they called Asua they now call Cieha These noble men did maintaine their vassals in peace and quietnes in time of war they were their captains In this sorte they liued without any generall Prince throughout the land vntil such time as from the partes of Collao came from the great lake called Tiâ—icaca which is in circuite nere 80. Leagues certaine warlike persoÌ„s which were called Ingas they vsed to haue the here of their heads rounded heales in their eares wherat did hang round peeces of gold The eare in their language was called Ringrym The chéefest of this newcome people was called Sapalla Inga which is as much to saye as onely Lorde although some saye hee was called Inga Vira Cocha which is to saye the scumme or fatnes of the Sea for because they knew not the Origine from whence they came They beléeued that they were bred of the sayde great lake out of the which runneth a Riuer toward the East which in some places is halfe a league broad and this Riuer falleth into another litle lake 40. leagues distant froÌ„ the great lake and there consumeth without any other vent with great admiration of such as would consider how so great a Riuer should consume in so small a lake But the said lake is of such depth that they can finde no bottome Wherefore it is thought that by the inwarde bowels of the earth the water entreth into the Sea as â—oth the Riuer Alpheo in Greece This Ingas begaÌ„ first to inhabit the citty of Cusco from thence they conquâ—red brought into subiectioÌ„ al y e land their children successiuely inherited the Empire that is to say not the eldest son but rather the second brother is alwaies successiuely heire to his eldest brother wheÌ„ brethren waÌ„teth to inherit thaÌ„ the eldest son inheriteth The token or Crowne which those Princes vsed was a Tassel made of red wooll which was worne vpon their heds came down to their eies so y t when any gouernor was appointed to rule in any part of the realme thaÌ„ was deliuered vnto him one of the threds of the Kings tassal so y t with one of those simple threds hée was obayed and esteemed euen as though the persoÌ„ royal had bin present the like was neuer séene in any place of the world Nay moreouer I am bold to say y t the obedieÌ„ce of those people vnto their Prince was such that it hath happened one of those gouernors hauing but y e only thred froÌ„ his Prince béeing sent therwith hath slayne both men wemen of a whole Prouince without any greater power writing or coÌ„mission But when those poore subiectes saw y e thred they submitted them selues euen vnto death By succession of those Kinges Ingas the State came vnto one called Guaynacaua which is to say a ritch young man and hée it was that had gotten most couÌ„treyes to the augmenting of the estate hée was also a louer of Iustice and executed the same throughout his land and brought the countrey to pollicy tillage which was thought in those daies a
death coÌ„maunded that they should prepare them selues to retire but his men not hauinge furniture of victuals for their returne his Captaines ioyned togeather and toke for their chieftaine Guaypalan who in the name voyce of all the rest saide vnto him that it were much better for theÌ„ to die in fight with christians than to perrish with hunger in the retire into places vnhabited Unto which sute request Quixquix gaue a lowring answere wherupon Guaypalan strake him to y e hart with his Launce incoÌ„tinent came other of his captaynes who with clubs hatchets made him into peeces than the souldiers scattered theÌ„ selues some one way some another eueÌ„ at their own pleasure How the Gouernor paid Don Pedro de Aluarado the 100000 poyzes for the agrement and how Don Diego would haue perforce bin receiued Gouernor in the Cittie of Cusco Chap. 13. WHen Don Diego Don Pedro were come to Pachacama the gouernor who was come thither froÌ„ Xauxa receiued entertained theÌ„ ioyfully also according to agreement paid vnto Don Pedro the 100000 poyzes in ready gold for his Nauy brought from Guatimala although there were many y t perswaded him to stay the payment alleaging that the fleete was not worth so much money no nor yet the one halfe of the said sum that the former bargaine was made by Don Diego with feare coÌ„sidering that Don Pedro had great aduauntage of him and there now he mought do wel to apprehend him and sende him prisoner to the Emperors Maiestie And although the Gouernor might haue taken that councell and also haue brought it to passe accordingly without perrill yet hee chose rather to ratifie performe the worde promise of his freend Don Diego de Almagro notwithstandinge the councel of his captaines he made present paiment of the 100000 poyzes in good gold than permitted him quietly and fréendly to depart to passe vnto his gouernment of Guatimala he himself abode and tooke order for the habitacion citizens of the citie of the Kings brought froÌ„ Xauxa y e dwellers there to inhabit the said citie because it séemed vnto him a singuler place of contractacion and excéeding holsome for mans health From this citie departed Don Diego de Almagro with a great company toward y e citie of Cusco the Gouernor went to reforme the buildings other things in the citie of Trugillio to make reperticion of the ground among the citizens In this meane season came newes how Don Diego de Almagro ment to possesse y e citie of Cusco to his only gouermeÌ„t because he had receiued aduertisemeÌ„t by Hernando Pisarro how y e Emperor had grauÌ„ted vnto him the gouernment of one 100. leagues of grouÌ„d beyond the limits of the gouernmeÌ„t of Don Francisco Pisarro which according to here say did not extend so far as Cusco but against this opinioÌ„ possession both Ihon Pisarro Gonsalo Pisarro the Gouernors bretherne did not only speake against but also resist w t many of their fréends which daily came vnto theÌ„ and also when the matter came in question in the councel house of the Citie among the principallest of the Cittizens the greatest number helde with the Gouernour Pisarro and his Bretherne When the Lord Marques had perfecte relation of the proceeding in Cusco he forthwith toke his iorney thither by post so that with his presence al controuersies were ended pardoned Don Diego of his offence who was not a litle amazed because he had intermedled in so waighty a matter with iust title or prouision from his Maiestie but only with the newes of heresay he presumed to take the Office vpon him so that now againe they confirmed their former freendship company with this condicion that Don Diego de Almagro should go to discouer the countrey toward the South sea if hee should finde the lande fruitful and to his content that then he would make sute to the Emperour to graunt vnto him the gouernment therof And if it happened that hee could not finde any soyle to his content that theÌ„ the land vnder the gouernment of Don Francisco Pisarro should bee equally deuided betweene them both And vpon this conclusion eache of them made a solemne othe at the communion of the holy sacrament to performe the couenantes made betweene them furthermore at the same communion time Don Diego pronounced these wordes saying Lord I beseech thee than when I breake this oth before thâ—e made that than thou confound mee body and soule When these thinges were done Don Diego began to prepare thinges necessary for his iorney with 500. men which he had vnder his charge and the Lord Marques returned to the citie of the Kings sent Alonso de Aluarado to conquer the countrey of the Chachapoyas which standeth distant 70. leagues from Trugillio among the MouÌ„taynes in which conquest both hee and those which went in his company passed great misery and troubles vntil they had pacified inhabited the countrey for whose paynes the Gouernment of that Conquest was giuen vnto him ¶ THE THIRD BOOKE containeth the Iorney that Don Diego de Almagro made into Chili and of thinges that hapned in the meane season in Peru and how the Indians rebelled How Don Diego de Almagro tooke his iorney toward Chili Chap. 1. DOn Diego de Almagro departed on the discouery of his conquest with whoÌ„ went 570. horsemen and footmen well prouided of al furniture necessary yea there were some citizens that left their houses repartitioÌ„s to goe with him He sent before him Iuan de Sayauedra bâ—en in the cittie of Ciuil in Andoluzia with 100. men who in the Prouince which afterward was called Châ—rc 1â— met with certain Indians which came from Chili noâ— knowinge what had passed in Peru to geue their obedience to Inga to present him with certaine wedges of fine gold which wayed 150000. poizes which pray he tooke and also was determined to haue taken Gabriel de Rojas who had the charge of iustice by the appointment of the Gouernour Pisarro hauing vnderstanding of his pretence fled to the cittie of Cusco and Don Diego with all his power procéeded on his way at the time when Mango Inga who sometime had the state and crown of Peru departed from Cusco as before hath bin declared he I sayd agréed w t his brother called Paulo with another called Villaoma â— who was high priest among the Indians which two persons of authority with a great nâ—mâ—er of the Indian people went in company with Don Diego that when hee thought him selfe in most securitie they should set vpon him to murther both him and al his retinue and concerning the gouernor who abode in Peru he would also take the like order to dispatch him and his army at y e time of this conclusion Inga commaunded to sow the ground that victuales might not want when time should require of which prouision the Spanyardes
had no vnderstanding But when Villaoma could not bring his purpose to effect at Charcas he came flying to Cusco And when Don Diego was entred into the Countrey of Chili Philip the Interpreter who was priuie to all the conspiracie fled likewise howbeit hee was taken by certaine Spanyardes that followed him and aswel for this treason as the other that he committed in Quito the Gouernour commaunded his body to be cut in quarters who at the time of his death confessed that hee was the only cause of the vniust death of Atabaliba only to haue his wife at his commaundement as before hath béene rehearsed And as Don Diego was occupied in the conquest of Chili a seruant of his named Iuan de Herrada ouertooke him he it was that his said master had left in the citie of the kings to gather more soldyars for his seruice in the discouery who brought vnto him a prouision which Hernando Pisarro had brought out of Spayne for him by vertue of the which the Emperour had made him Gouernour of one hundred Leagues of ground beyonde the borders and limits of the iurisdiction and gouernment of Don Francisco Pisarro the which office and gouernmente was called in the letters patentes new Toledo for the Precincte of Don Francisco his Iurisdiction was named new Castile But now Don Diego iudging that the cittie of Cusco did fall within the compasse of his Regiment without any respect of his former othe which hee so solemnly had made hee determined to cease and leaue of the discouery which hee had in hand and to returne to take into his possession the Citie of Cusco Of the troubles which Don Diego de Almagro passed in his iorney toward Chili and of some other particularities of that countrey Chap. 2. GReate were the troubles which Don Diego and his company passed in the iorney toward Chili aswel with hunger and thirst as also with encounter of Indians which were mightie great men of groweth Also there were in some places excéeding good archers who were clothed in Zeale skinnes But the extreeme colde did much annoy them aswell the bitter sharpe aire as the frost and snow also the passage ouer the mountaines which were couered with snow where it hapned that a captaine called Ruydias who followed Don Diego de Almagro had many of his men and horses frozen to death for neither their apparrel nor armour could resist the excéeding sharpnes of the aire which did so vehemently penetrate and fréese them The extremitie of this cold was such that at the end of fiue moneths when Don Diego returned toward cusco he found some of his coÌ„pany which had followed outward frozen to death standing on their feete leaning vpon the Rockes and holding their horse bridels in their hands and their horses likewise frozen to death as fresh without corruption as though at that instant they had dyed The carcases of which horses was a great reliefe for his men at his said returne for want of other victualles and after they were past the extremitie of cold theÌ„ came they into such a wildernes without any kinde of habitation where they stoode in as great a néede of water to drinke so that their chiefe remedy was to carrye with them from the snowy hilles shéepes skinnes full of water in such sort that euery liue sheepe carryed on his backe the Skinne of an other dead Sheepe full of water Among diuerse properties which the Shéepe of Peru haue one is the strength of their ordinarye burden is halfe a hundred waight and many times thrée quarters of a hundred being laden vpon them as Cammels vse to carry their ladinge and are in makinge much like vnto Cammels sauing that they want the knop on the backe The Spanyardes hath now brought them â—o such purpose that they will carrye a man also in a rode Saddell foure or fiue leagues a day and when they feele theÌ„ selues weary they vse to lye downe and will not rise againe although they should bee beaten neuer so much or lifted vp with strength vpon their feete yet they will not goe one â—oote further except they bee vnladen And it happeneth often times that whan any rideth vpon them and they feelinge them selues weary they then lifte vp their heades and looketh vpon him that spurreth them and casteth out of their mouthes a thing of an exceeding euill sauor which is though to be of the foode which lieth in their stomackes They are beastes of great commoditie and their wooll is in euery respect as fine as silke especially one sorte or kinde of them called Palos their â—éedinge is very small chéefely such as labor whose ordinary meate is Maiz also they drinke very seldome that is to say once in foure or fiue daies the flesh of them is passing good and in euery respecte as good or rather better then the Sheepe in Castile of this kinde of flesh all the countrey is aboundantly prouided and in euery Citie and towne it is the principallest flesh in the Shambles although at the first comming thither of the Spanyardes they vsed no shambles for why euery one had cattayle of his owne and whan one Neighbour killed any sort of Beast his other neighbors might haue therof what they would require In certaine places of Chili were many Abstruses in the Plaines so that when they were disposed to hunte them the Spanyards would ride pâ—st after them very seldome could ouertake any although their flight was on their féete runninge and hoppinge and although their bodies were hugie and waighty yet with their leapes a good horse runninge neuer so swifte could very seldome out runne them There are also many running Riuers which runneth in the day season at night not a whit which is a thinge to be noted and especially among them that vnderstand not the reason therof which is that in the day time the sun melteth the snow and Ise of the mountaines so that the water that commeth from those high hilles in the day maketh great Riuers and at night all remaineth frozen againe But after we passe 500. leagues alâ—ng the coast come into 30. degrées on y e other side of the Equinoctial toward the Southward there is plenty of rayne and also al windes as ordinarily do blow as it doth in Spaine and other places Eastward All the countrey of Chili is inhabited and hath aswel plaine ground as mountaines and by reason of many crekes and bayes which are in the sea coast of this lande so that sayliâ—ge North and South requireth sundry windes Chili standeth in 40. degrees as is saide North and South from the Cittie of the Kinges till you passe to the saide 40. degrees in altitude the countrey is very temperate and hath Winter and Sommer in due season accordinge to the qualitie of Castile and their North Starre is in comparison like vnto ours sauinge alwayes hee is accompanied with a litle white clowde this starre according to Astronomers opinion is
called Pole Antartike and hath also not farre from him the crosse starres with other three more that followeth him in their order and moouinge so that there are seuen starres y t attendeth on that North star which differ not much from ours which the sayd Astronomers call Triton sauing that the fourth which are toward the South standeth crosse wise and are ioyned nearer togeather than ours our North star also is cleane out of sight within 200. leagues of Panama comming directly vnder y e Equinoctiall Line where at one instant is easely seen both those Tritons or north starres Artike Antartike although a great space from the Pole Antartike séemeth most playne the foure crosse starres by the moouinge wherof the Sea faringe men do kéepe their reckoninge whan they come to 30. degrees then all the other three starres serue for their purpose In this countrey of Chili the daye differeth from the night and the night from the day according to the course of the yeare as it doth in Spayne although not by the same times In the Lande of Peru and in the Prouince of Tierra firme and also in al other places there adioyninge to the Equinoctiall the day and night is equall throughout all the yeare and if at any time in the cittie of the Kinges the daye or night increase or diminishe it is so small a thing that it can not easely be decerned The Indians of Chili goe apparelled like vnto the Indians of Peru both men and wemen are of a good iesture and féede ordinarily of such meates as those of Peru. Beyond Chili 38. degrées from the Line are two greate men of power which maintaine alwayes war the one against the other and eche of them is of power to bringe into the Féelde 200000 men of war the one was named Leuchengorma which is Lord of an Iland which standeth two leagues from the firme land dedicated to his Idols in which Iland standeth a great Temple wherunto appertained 2000 Preestes The Indians of this Leuchengorma informed the Spanyardes that 50. leagues beyond that place between two Riuers was a great Prouince all inhabited with wemen which consente not to haue any sorte of men among them except a certaine time conuenient for generacion and then if any happen to bee with a childe and bring forth men children they are after certaine yeares sent to their fathers and the daughters which they likewise beare remaineth with them these wemen also are in subiection to Leuchengorma The Quéene of these wemen is called Guayboymilla which in their language is as much to say as Heauen of Golde because the reporte was that great quantitie of gold groweth there therof they make exceeding ritch cloth of all their coÌ„modities they paye tribute to Leuchengorma And although oftentimes y e Spanyards hath had notice of this countrey yet they neuer tooke y e discouery in hande because Don Diego would not abide to inhabit in y e coast also sithence that time Pedro de Valdiuia was sent to inhabit y e couÌ„trey who could not bring his desire of furniture to passe coÌ„uenient for y e voiage although he hath inhabited 33. degrées beyoÌ„d the Equinoctial Southward also perfect knowledge of habitacion was knowen to bee vnto 40. degrées alonge that coast especiallye one shippe which Don Gabriell de Carauajall Bishop of Plazensia sent in discouery which had passed through the Strayght of Magalanes who from the said straite came sayling along that coast Norward vntil he arriued at the port of the city of y e kings and before the coÌ„minge of this ship there was no memory of Rats found in all Peru so that it seemeth that y e first broode of Rats came out of that ship sithens that time al the citties in Peru are replenished with aboundance it is thought that among chests and fardels of marchandize they were carried from place to place wherupon the Indians do name them Ococha which is to say a verminâ— comen out of the sea Of the returne of Hernando Pisarro into Peru and of the dispatch which he brought with him and of the rebellion of the Indians Cap. 3. AFter that Don Diego de Almagro was departed from Cusco Hernando Pisarro came froÌ„ Spayne hauing receiued at y e Emperors hand greate fauoure who also made him knight of the order of S. Iames He also brought for his brother Don Francisco prorogation for certain leagues of ground in his gouernment And also the prouisioÌ„ which hath béene spoken of for the gouermeÌ„t of Don Diego de Almagro At this instant Mango Inga Lord of Peru was prisoner in Cusco for the conspiracie which he had wrought against the Christians with his brother Paulo Inga and Villaoma Almagro wrote vnto Iohn Pisarro requesâ—ing him to set theÌ„ at libertie because he was loth that Hernando Pisarro should finde them prisoners at his comming to Cusco at which time Iohn Pisarro was in the conquest of Collao and at the sight of his letter they were discharged out of pryson When Hernando Pisarro was come to Cusco he became a singular good freend to Inga and vsed hym verie curteously notwithstandyng he had alwaies regarde to attende vnto hym It was thought that this freendship was to the intent to craue some golde of hym for his Maiestie or els for hym self So that after twoo monethes that he was come to Cusco Inga besought hym to graunt vnto hym leaue to goe vnto Yncaya to celebrate a certaine feast and in consideration of his courtesie he promised to bryng vnto hym an Image of golde whiche was made in remembraunce of his Father Guaynacaua bothe in proportion and likenesse the coueteous desire of gold caused Hernando Pisarro to grauÌ„t his request And when he was comen to Yncaya he put in vre the conspiracie whiche he had pretended since the tyme that D. Diego de Almagro departed from Chili so findyng hym self at the place where he required to bee He began to murder certaine Miners that wrought in the gold Mines and other housdand men whiche were in the fieldes he also sent one of his Captaines with a greate nomber of his people to take the Fortresse of Cusco the whiche his commaundement was doen accordyngly so that in sixe daies the Spanyards could scarcely winne the Fortresse againe and at the winnyng thereof Ihon Pisarro was slaine in the night season with a stone whiche strake hym on the heade so that by the meane of an other wound whiche he had on his head he could not suffer his head peece his death was bewailed throughout the lande And certainly the losse of his persone was greate because he was a valliant manne and well experimented in the warres of that countrey and singularly beloued of all men When Inga had intelligence of the death of Ihon Pisarro he came with all his power vpon the citie besieged it for the space of eight Monethes and more and at euery full Moone he assaulted the Citie
would so haue fallen out if it had bin accepted for truthe it was that the Marques company were those first daies like men that were so siâ—ke and farre out of order with wearinesse of the passage through the snoe in the Mountaines in consideration whereof the Marques descended doune into the plaines Don Diego passed to Cusco alwaies breakyng doune the bridges and spoylyng the high waies as he went thinkyng that the Marques had followed hym and wheÌ„ he was entred the Citie of Cusco he abode there two monethes ioynyng al his whole power and force of men together trimmyng and settyng in good order his armor municion and all his furniture necessarie for the warres he wrought weapoÌ„s of siluer and copper and of the same mettall he cast Ordenance and sortes of Artillerie ¶ How Hernando Pisarro came to Cusco with his armie and fought the battaile at Salinas and tooke Don Diego de Almagro Prisoner Chap. 11. THE Marques with all his armie beeyng in the plaines hauing descended from the MouÌ„taines he found among his Captaines sundrie opinions concerning their procedinges But in fine it was concluded that Hernando Pisarro should goe with the Hoste which was there in readinesse for the Marques Lieutenant vnto the Citie of Cusco and his brother Gonsalo Pisarro to bee his Captaine generall with title and voyce to execute iustice to certaine Citizens of Cusco which were in his companie who had made complaint of wrong that had bin doen vnto them by Don Diego de Almagro who had takeÌ„ their houses landes and Indian slaues from them against equitie and right In this sorte the armie marched on and the Marques returned to the Citie of the Kinges his brother Hernando Pisarro by ordenarie iourneyes came to the citie on an euenyng all his Captaines desired that thei might rest that night belowe in the plaines But Hernando Pisarro would not graunt their request rather he commaunded to pitche his Campe in the Mountaine The next mornyng followyng Rodrigo Orgonios was attendyng his commyng with all his power in battaill araie hauing for Captaines of his horsemen Francisco de Chaues Iuan Tellio and Vincent de Gueuara and on the Mountaine side he had certaine Spaniardes with a greate nomber of Indians to aide them and al the frendes seruitors of the Marques which were in the Citie were apprehended and kept prisoners in two seuerall partes of the Citie who were so many and imprisoned in so narrow a roome that many of them were stifled The next daie following Gonsalo Pisarro and his men hauing made their praiers vnto God descendyng from the Mountaine doune into the plaines where he ordained his Quadrons and marched towarde the Citie with intention to plante hym self vpon a high plot of grounde that standeth nere to the forte of the Citie thinkyng that Don Diego should discrie his mightie power that he would refuse the battaile the whiche was desired for many considerations and specially the greate bloodshed that was like to followe When Gonsalo Pisarro and Alonso de Aluarado sawe the traues that Orgonios set forthe thei brake in vpon the enemies and at the first encounter threwe to the ground aboue fiftie meÌ„ and when Rodrigo Orgonios came to the rescue he was wouÌ„ded with the bullet of a Hargabuze in his forehed which bullet passed through his hedpeece And after that he was wouÌ„ded he slue twoo men and thrust with his lance a seruant of Hernando Pisarro in at his mouthe thinkyng that it had been Pisarro hym self because he was well armed and gallantly attired And wheÌ„ bothe the armies were ioyned the battaile was on bothe sides valliantly fought vntill at length the Marques his side had the better hand and Don Diego his men began to turne their backes and flie in whiche flight a nomber were slaine But when Don Diego who stood on a high place to se the battaile because he was somewhat euill at ease sawe his men flie he saied By our lorde God I had thought that we had come hither to fight Then happened twoo horsmen to haue taken prisoner Rodrigo Orgonios vnto whom came another who had in tyme paste receiued a certaine iniurie at his handeâ— and in reuenge of the same strake of his hedde and in suche sort were vsed other some that had yelded them selues yet Hernando Pisarro could not defende theÌ„ although bothe he and his captaines did what thei might and the cause was that where the souldiars of Alonso de Aluarado had receiued by them the afrent at the bridge of AuaÌ„cay thei now procured to reuenge by al the meanes that might be deuised Yet the reuenge was suche that where captain Ruidiaz caried one behinde hym who had yeelded hym self there came another and slue hym with a Lance. WheÌ„ DoÌ„ Diego saw his armie ouerthrowen he went and lodged himself in the fortres of the Citie where GoÌ„salo Pisarro and Allonso de Aluarado tooke him prisoner The Indians seyng the battaill ended thei left fighting also so that the one and the other of theÌ„ went to strip the ded hodies of the Spaniardes Yea some of them were not fully ded but yet were also stripped naked for by reason of their woundes thei could not defend them selues from those that stripped them naked and there was none to disturbe them for the victors minded no other thing but to follow the victorie Yet bothe conquerers and conquered es +caped suche encounters that it had been a very easie thyng for the Indians to haue consumed them all if thei had been of courage seing the weakenesse that thei were in This battaill was fought the 26. daie of Aprill 1538. What passed after the battaill of Salinas otherwise called Salt pit and how Harnando Pisarro came to Spain Chapt. 12. WHen the battaill was finished Hernando Pisarro tooke greate paines to obtaine the loue and good will of the Capitaines whiche had serued Don Diego and remained aliue And when he sawe that he could not bryng his desire to passe he banished many out of the Citie and seeyng that he had not possibilite to gratifie those that had serued hym For eche of theim did thynke that if all the gouernement had been giuen hym yet the paiment was not sufficient wherevppon he determined to deuide his hoste and to sende his warriers to discouer the Lande whiche he had knowledge of wherein he brought to passe twoo thynges The one to remunerate his freendes and the other to banishe his enemies So that he sent Captaine Pedro de Candia with three hundred of his owne menne whereof parte were of those of Don Diego to take in hande a certaine conquest whiche had fame of greate riches And whereas Pedro de Candia hauyng taken the iourney could not bryng his desire to passe by meane that the waie was so asperous and troâ—blesome he retourned againe toward Collao with a Mutinie kindled emong his menne because one whose name was Mesa who had been Capitaine of the Artâ—llerie of tâ—e Marques had
invite eyther of them They were equally abstynent and moderate in theyr féeding and dyet as also in refraining of sensuallitie and especially from abusing of any Spanish Women for they déemed that they could not deale therein without preiudice of theyr neighbours whose Wiues or Daughters those Women were they neyther ouermuch enclyned to the Indian Women The Marquesse had the company of an Indian Gentlewoman who was sister to Atabalâ—ba by whome he had a Sonne named Don Gonsalo who deceassed at fowretéene yeeres of age and a Daughter named Donca Francisca By an other Indian Woman of Cusco he had an other Sonne called Don Francisco Don Diego de Almagro had that sonne of whome we haue spoken who slewe the Marquesse which Sonne he had by an Indian Woman of Panama They bothe receyued honour at the Emperours hands for as hath bene declared to Don Francisco Pisarro he gaue the tyttle or addition of Marquesse and made him Gouernour of newe Castile and also ordayned him Knight of the order of Saint Iames. To Don Diego de Almagro he gaue the gouernment of newe Toledo and the tytle of chéefe Discouerer Particulerly the Marquesse was greatly affectioned and helde in great feare and reuerence the name of his Maiestie in so much that he abstayned from dooing of many thinges that he had power to doo declaring that he would not that his Maiestie should say how he ascended in the Land and oftentymes when he was present at the melting of the Syluer and Golde he would ryse from his Chayre to take vp the graynes of Syluer and Golde which fell from the clypping saying that with his mouth when handes fayled he woulde gather together the kinges porcion These two Gentlemen were equall euen in theyr kindes of death for the Marquesse brother put Don Diego to deathâ— and Don Diego his Sonne slewe the Marquesse The Marquesse was desirous to benefit the Countrey by tyllage and other commodities He buylt a fayre house in the Cittie of the kinges he also buylt for the benefite of the Cittie two rowes of Mylles along the Riuer side in which buylding he occupied him selfe at all tymes of leysure giuing his councell and opinion to the Maister workemen He tooke great paynes in setting forwarde the workes of the Cathedrall Church of the Cittie of the kinges and other lyke Monumentes Howe Don Diego de Almagro the younger ioyned an Armie of men of Warre and howe he slewe certaine Gentlemen and howe Alonso de Aluarado spread his Ensigne for his Maiestie Chap. 10. AFter that Don Diego had gotten the Citie into his power and taken the wandes of Iustice from the Officers and placed other by his owne election he then apprehended Doctour Velasques Lieutenannt to the Marquesse and Antonio Picado his Secretarie and chose for the chéefe Captaynes of his warres Iuan Tellio Cittizen of Ciuile and Francisco Chaues and also Sotelo WheÌ„ the noyse was spread abroade of the election of these new Captaynes all the Uagabounds and ydle persons which were in that countrey came to this cittie pretending lybertie to robbe spoyle and lyue at pleasure And to furnishe those Roges with money he tooke the Fiftes appertayning to the King and also the goodes of such as were deceassed which was kept in a common Chest to performe theyr Testamentes and Legacies But afterwarde discencion began to growe among them selues for some of the principall personnes mooued with enuie were mynded to kyll Iuan de Herrada séeing that although Don Diego had the name of gouernour and Captayne generall yet the sayde Herrada ruled and gouerned all And the mutiny being knowen many were executed especially Francisco de Chaues and also Anthonio de Oribuela Citizen of Salamanca was beheaded Because when he came from Spaine he sayde that they were Tyrants Afterwarde Don Diego sent his Messengers vnto all the Citties of his gouernment wylling them to admytte and receyue him for theyr gouernour And although he was accepted in the most Citties for the feare onely which they had of him yet in Chachapoyas where Alonso de Aluarado was Lieutenant as soone as the Pursuiuantes were come with the commaundement from Don Diego he commaunded them to be arrested and also fortified him selfe to withstand him in obedience and had an especiall confidence in the people of the Countrey and also in a hundred men of warre which he had attending on his person Whereupon he spread his Ensigne on the behalfe of his Maiestie esteeming in nothing the threatninges bragges and fayre promises of Don Diego which were written vnto him by his Letters But rather made a playne aunswer that in no wyse he would receyue him for Gouernour vntyll such tyme as his Maiestie should commaund the same by expresse order and Commission And in the meane whyle he hoped through the helpe of God and those Gentlemen which were in his company to reuenge the death of the Lorde Marquesse and to punishe theyr disobedience and offences doone against his Maiestie When Don Diego vnderstoode the pretence of Aluarado incontinent he dispatched Captayne Garcia de Aluarado with a great company of foote men and Horse men commaunding him to encounter and giue him the Onset with all his industrie and power and that in the way as he should passe to enter into the Citie of Saint Mighell and there to take bothe Armor and Horses from the Cittizens and at his returne to doo the lyke in the Cittie of Trâ—gillio In this order Garcia de Aluarado tooke his iorney by Sea vntyll he arriued at Puetia Sancta which standeth fifteene Leagues distaunt from Trugillio where he mette Captaine Alonso Cabrera who came flying away with all the people of the Towne of Guanuco to ioygne with the Cittizens of Trugillio against Don Diego which cause being perfectly knowen he tooke bothe him and certayne of the chéefest of his company Who as soone as he was come to the Cittie of Saint Mighell he caused to strike of the heads bothe of him and one Villegas which came in his company Howe the Cittie of Cusco arose for his Maiestie and chose for their Captayne generall Pedro Aluares Holgui and what followed Chap. 11. WHen the Messengers and Prouisions of Don Diego came to the Cittie of Cusco where at that tyme Diego de Silua sonne of Felisiano de Silua borne in the Cittie of Rodrigo and Francisco de Caruatall Sheriffes of the Cittie But Caruatall was afterwarde Campe maister to Gonsalo Pisarro So that the Estate of the Cittie agréede in Councell not to allowe nor yet receyue him although openly they durst not denie his commaundement and request vntyll they might pefectly vnderstande and know what number of men prouision he had in readinesse to procéede with his enterprise whervpon they made a bréefe aunswere saying that they desyred it might please Don Diego to send a more ample authoritie and power touching the premisses then as yet he had done then in continent they would allowe the same After that the Messengers were
to abide there his further order whylst he went downe to the Cittie of the kinges to gather together all such men Armour MunicioÌ„ which there he might finde leauing the Cittie furnished He comaunded also y e Captaine Diego de Roias should alwayes goe twentie leagues before the Armie with thirty lyght Horsemen to discouer the way he sent lykewise Diego de Mora for Lieutenant of the Cittie of Trugillio and with great dexteritie diligence he prouided all other thinges necessarie for his pretended enterprise now in hand euen as though all his life time he had bene brought vp in the Warres Howe Don Diego slewe Garcia de Aluarado in Cusco and howe he came out of the Cittie with his Armie against Vaca de Castro Chap. 14. IT hath bene declared howe that after that Don Diego sawe that he could not ouertake Pedro Aluares he went to Cusco but before his comming Christouall de Sotelo who he had sent before him had taken possession of the Cittie and placed the Officers of Iustice according to his owne pleasure and vnplaced such as were appointed by Vaca de Castro As soone as Don Diego was come to the Cittie he began to gather all the Artillerie and Gunpouder that he might come by In Peru there is good prouision to make Ordenaunce by reason of the aboundaunce of Mettall which there is founde and also at that tyme there were certayne Leuantiscos who were cunning Maisters in casting of Artyllerie and also expert in the making of Gunpouder whereof they had store by the meane of the great quantitie of Salt péeter which there is found He also made Weapon for such as wanted of paste of Siluer Copper mixed together of the same stuffe they wrought exceeding good Corselets besides this prouision all the Armor of the Countrey was brought to his CaÌ„pe so y t he furnished two hundred Hargabusiers He also ordained certaine men of Armes although vntyll this time they vsed in Peru to fight on Horsebacke after the Genet facion seldome vsed to skyrmiâ—h with lyght Horsemen Being in this readinesse happened a certaine discorâ—e betweene Captaine Garcia de Aluarado and Christouall de Sotelo in the which Sotelo was slaine whereupon great mischeefe was lyke to ensue among the Soldiours because each of them had many fréends so that all the whole Campe was deuided so that if Don Diego with amorous wordes had no pacified the matter thei had one slain an other Notwithstanding Garcia de Aluarado vnderstoode that Don Diego was greatly affectioned to Sotelo and would not let to reuenge his quarell Wherfore from that tyme forward he had the greater regard to loke to his owne safetie not onely for the defence of his persone but likewise mynded to kill Don Dieogo the whiche his pretence he determined to put in execution So that on a daie he inuited hym to Dinner purposyng to kille hym in his diete But Don Diego suspectyng the matter faigned that he was not well at ease after that he had excepted the banket When Garcia de Aluarado sawe that his deuise could take no place hauyng all thing in a readinesse for his pretended enterprise he determined with diuers of his frendes to goe and to inportune hym co come to the banket and in the waie as he went he chanced to disclose his minde to one Martine Carillio who perswaded hym not to proceede vpon that iourney for ê™ he I feare you will bee slaine an other souldiar likewise gaue hym the same counsell but all their aduise could not preuaile Don Diego fained hym self sicke and laie hym doune vpon his bed hauyng secretly in an other chamber certaine armed men So that when Garcia de Aluarado entered the chamber with his coÌ„panie he saied vnto Don Diego sir if it maie please your lordship to arise for your sicknesse is nothing you shall also find ease if you will recreate your self awhile for although you eate nothing yet you shall garnishe our table Unto whoÌ„ DoÌ„ Diego aunswered that he was content and sorthwith arose and called for his cloake For he laye vpon his bedde hauyng on his priuie coate his Rapier and Dagger Garcia de Aluarado and the residue were goyng out at the Chamber doore but when the moste of them were cleane without the doore and as Aluerado was passyng out before Don Diego Iuan de Herrada whiche stood next the dore staied his goyng out and made the dore fast whiche lockt without any keye and therevpon tooke Garcia de Aluarado in his armes saiyng yeeld thy self for prisoner and then Don Diego drewe his Rapier and strake hym saiyng he shall not bee prisoner but rather slaine And then came forthe Iuan Balsa Alonso de Sayauedra and Diego Mendez brother to Rodrigo Orgonios and others of theÌ„ which were in ambush who gaue hym so many woundes that he was soone dead When this newes was knowne in the Citie there began a broile emong them But when Don Diego came out into the Market place of the Citie he quieted the people yet notwithstanding many of Garcia de Aluarado his freendes fled awaie After this successe Don Diego proceedeâ— out of the Citie with his armie to encounter with Vaca de Castro whom he vnderstood had ioyned with Pedro Aluaaez â— and Alonso de Aluarado and was coÌ„myng the waie of Xauxa to meete with hym In all â—his iourney Pauloz brother to Inga serued DoÌ„ Diego who Don Diego de Almagro the elder now deceassed had instituted Inga whose aide was of greate importance Because alwaies he went before the Campe. And although he had but fewe Indians in coÌ„panie yet all the Prouinces in the land had respect vnto hym and for his sake thei prouided bothe victualls and Indians to carie the fardage and other necessarie thinges How Vaca de Castro departed from the citie of the Kinges to Xauxa and what his doynges were whilest he he abode there Chapt. 15. AFter that Vaca de Castro came to the citie of the kinges he caused many Hargabuzes to be made hauyng at that instant many connyng maisters fit for the purpose He furnished hym also of all other necessaries for the prouision whereof he borowed of marchantes the somme of 60000. poizes of gold because Don Diego had spent all the kyngs treasure before his commyng When all thinges were in a readinesse Vaca de Castro left in the citie of the Kynges for his Lieutenant Francisco de Barrio Nueuo and Ihon Perez de Gueuarra for captaine of the Nanie and then he tooke his iourney wiâ—h all his power toward Xauxa leauing order in the citie that if Don Diego should happen to come vpon the citie by any other waie not expected as some did imagine that he would â—hat then all the Citezens with their wiues children families and goodes should goe about the shippes vâ—till suche tyme as he with his armie should followe hym to giue hym battaile At his comyng to Xauxa he found Pedro Aluarez abidyng his comyng with all his