had the gouernance at Athens to constraine those of Samie to do as they dyd But the souldyars beynge assembled for thys matter they fourthw t deposed all the capytains other hauing charge in that same army that were suspected to fauour the estate of foore houndred and dyd putt other into their places Of whyche nomber were Thrasybulus and Thrasillus who the one after the other exhorted all the souldyars to be constant in the same purpose for many reasons whyche they declared vnto them though that the cytie of Athenes had condescended to the gouernement of the said foore houndred And amonge other thynges they shewed them howe they themself were in greater nomber than those whyche remayned in the Cytie and also had greater habundance and facultie of all thinges than they for somuch as hauinge the ships in their handes and all the army by sea they myght constraigne all the subiected confederated cyties for to contribute monney And if they were bannyshed out of Athens they had yâ— same cytie of Samie which was nayther smal nor weake but rather the same of Athens beyng depriued of the force by sea wherin it pretended to excede al other they shuld be sufficieÌ„tly puissant for to chase away the enemys PeloponesyaÌ„s yf they shuld come to assault theÌ„ in Samie like as they had done at other times also for to resiste those that were at Athenes for to be yâ— maisters hauyng the ships in their handes by meane wherof they might haue victuaâ—lles in habundance where those of Athenes shulde haue lacke therof And that whyche they had had vntill that same houre which came to descende in the poarte of Pyreus was by the meane and fauour of the army by sea whych was there at Samie which thyng they could no more haue if they refused to restore the gouernance of the cytie into the handes of the comons and therby that those whyche were there myghte better empesche and stoppe the vsage of the sea fro those that were in the cytie of Athenes than the same that were in the cytie from them For that whyche the same cytie coulde fournishe of yt selfe was the leaâ—t partie that a man might hope to haue for to resiste the enemis losing the same they shuld lose nothing for that that there was no more monney in yâ— Cytie that they myghte sende but rather the souldyars were constrayned to sarue at their expences and also they had no more good counsail whiche was the onely thyng that caused the cytie to haue obeissance of the hoostes that were wythout but rather they had greatly lacke therof forsomuche as they had violated and corrupted their aunycent lawes where they whych were at Samye bothe woolde consarue them also constrayne other to kepe them Wherfore it was not to bileue that those amongeste them whyche had bene authors of a better counsaille and opynyon in thys matter than those that were in the cytie shuld be more meane And on the other parte yf they woolde offer vnto Alcibiades hys restorynge and hys reappeale he wold ryght wyllinglye make the allyance and amytie bitwene them and the kynge And if all other parties shulde faille them hauinge so great an armye by sea yet myght they saille into whatsoeuer such place as they shulde thynke good where they myghte fynde bothe cyties and landes for to inhabytte Wyth suche sayings and perswations they anymated the one the othere neuerthelas vsed all diligence for to prepare all thynges apperteigning to the warre Whyche thynges perceyued by the Ambassadours whyche the foore houndred sente thy der to be already dyuulged and spredde abroade through the comons they kepte sylence and dyd not expounde nor vtter their charge ¶ How Tissaphernes did come into greate suspytion of the Peloponesyans aswell for that that he abused them wyth the succours whyche he had promysed as also for thys that Alcibiades was restored and called agayn by the Athenyans that were in the armye and had all the auctorytie wyth them whyche he vsed to the welth and proffytt of his partie ☞ The .xi. Chapte IN thies enterfayctes the Peloponesyans souldyars by sea that were at Mylet murmured and dyd speake openly agaynste Astyochus and against Tyssaphernes saying that they destroyed wasted all to wit Astyochus for that that he wolde not fyght whan their armye by sea was weake yea althoughe that they than were in a greate dyssentyon amonge theymself and that their armye by sea was departed into many places yet wold he not assaylle theym but consumed the tyme vnder couloure of attendynge and taryinge the shyppes that shulde comme oute of Phenice and he dyd geue them succours wyth woordes but not in effecte wyllynge so to consume and destroye theym in expenses and also he payde not intierly and continuelly the armye by sea by occasyon whereof it was loste and destroyed Wherefore they sayde that he shulde delaye them no moore but saylle to assaulte the sayde Athenyans and the Syracusayns moste instantely requyred hym thereunto Astyochus and the other Chiefz that were there for the confederated cyties being aduertysed therof determyned to faight vnderstandinge specyally that there was greate mutyne and sedytion at Samie So they assembled all the shippes that they had which were sixe skore and two at Micale and fromthence aduertysed and coÌ„maunded those which were at Mylet that they shulde marche by land Nowe the ships of the Athenyans were foore skoore and two in nomber whiche were comme oute of Samie into Glauca in the countrey of Mycale And it muste be vnderstande that the Cytye of Samye ys a lytle in lengthe of the lande frome the coasâ—e of Mycale Fromewhence the Athenyans seynge the Peloponesyans shyppes to comme agaynste theym they retyred to Samye for yt semed vnto theym that they were not suffycyentlye stronge for to hazarde the battaille wherein rested the question of the whole estate And forsomuche as they hadde learned that the ennemys dyd comme wyth an erneste wylle to fayghte they saylled lokynge for Strombichides who was at Hellesponte shulde come thider with the ships that he had broughte frome Chio to Abyde whythe thinge they hadde commaunded him to doo soone after that they retyred to Samie and that the Peloponesians came to Micale In the whyche place they had the same daye made their campe aswell wyth men whyche they had in their shippes as wyth those that were at Mylett and also wyth the people of the countrey And they determyned to go the morowe after to mete the enemys at Samie But beinge aduertysed of the comynge of Stronbichides they did retourne vnto Mylet in the whyche place the Athenyans determyned to go to presente them battaill after that they shuld haue bene reforced or newe strengthened wyth the shippes that Strombichides gouerned for they were in all an houndred and eight shippes But seing that the Peloponesyans wolde not issue fourth at large they retourned vnto Samie And after their departure the Peloponesyans
no mentyon of the greatnes of the other nor of the nomber of the people that they caryed which is to declare that the greatest caryed but one houndred and twentye men and the lesse fyfty And also it appereth that all they whiche were in the shyppes of Philoctete were both warryers and maronners by that he sayth that they were all men of warre aswell the maronners as the other as he sayth And also it is to beleue in so muche that the Kynges and Dukes of the countrey passed the sea wyth theyr puyssance and apparaylle for the sea that there taryed not many people in the countrey And also they had not than shyypes couered and stronge as men haue nowe a dayes But they were onely small slight shyppes mete for to robbe vpon the sea And therfor takyng theÌ„ for meane betwene the greatest and leaste he coulde not haue so great nomber of people in them that men myght saye that they had bene sente by the common assemblye of all Grece And that chaunsed more for faulte of moneye thanne for â—aulte of people For they myght not cary but so manye people as they thought to be hable to nourysh duryng the warre Nowe is it very certayne that after they were arryued they were the stronger For elles they of Troye woulde not haue permitted them to close theyr camp vnto the walles And also they ayded not them selues durynge the siege wyth all the people that they had brought out But for faulte of vyctuayles they were constrained to sende one parte to laboure the countreye of Cheronese and one other parte to robbe and â—yllage by sea So that beyng so dyspersed they susteygned warre agaynst the TroyaÌ„s the space of tenne yeares aswell in defendynge as in assayllynge for that that they were indiffereÌ„t and egall in force by meanes of the absence of the people which the same Grekes had sente oute to laboure and for pyllage but yf they had bad prouision of victuailes so that withoute goinge to laboure and pillage they might haue taryed altogithere certaynely they might haue taken the cytie and haue destroyed it as they dyd after wtin muche lesse tyme but they had inough to do for a tyme to defende theÌ„selues So than it must conclude that the warres and armyes whyche haue beâ—ore thys of Troye were very smalle for lacke of monney and that the selfe same whyche is most celebrated and most renommed was muche lesse than poetes haue writtonne And furthermore it is manyfest that the Grekes after that warre were oft tymes chased from thair countrey and constrayned to go to dwelle in other countreys so that they had not so muche reste that they myghte multeplye and encrease that chaunced for that they had bene soo longe at the siege of Troye that at thair retourne they found many thynges chaunged and many sedytions arose in the cytes so that some of them that had destroyed the sayde cytie oâ— Troye were constrayned to buylde newe cyties for they whom we call now the Beotiens being chased by the Thessaliens from the lande whyche they helde aboute thre skoore yeares after the destruction of Troye came to inhabite that countrey whych is called Beoce and bifore was called Cadmee which one parte of theÌ„ had holdenne in tymes paste and specyally than whan they departed to goo vnto Troye And the Doriens about foure skoore yeares after the sayd destructioÌ„ of Troye helde Peloponese And a longe tyme after the couÌ„trey of Grece beinge with greate defficultie peasable and the inhabitantes assuredde they beganne to sende fourth thair people for to inhabite other couÌ„trees Amonge the whyche the Athenyens dydde people the countrey of IonuÌ„ and some other Islandes And the Peloponesians and other people of the reste of Grece dydde people Italye and Sycilie All which thynges were done sythens the takynge of Troye The countrey of Grece being than bicome so puyssant and riche there chaunced euerye daye newe rulers in yâ— cyties by meanes of the reuenue therof whych was greaâ—ely augmeÌ„ted For bifore the kynges came by succesâ—ioÌ„ they had thair puisâ—â—nce â—ighteâ— prehemynences lymyted and also they studyed moste in nauigation by meanes that all Grece dyd than freqâ—ente moste commonly the sea with small shippes not hauing yet the vsaige of greate wherof the Corynthyens were the furste Inuentors aâ—d there were made the furst galleys that euer had bene sene in Grece And sithens one Amynocles the Corynthyan shyppwryght made fower for the Samyens aboute thre hundred yeares bifore the ende of the warre wherof we wryte And the moste auueyeÌ„r warre by Sea wherof we haue knowlaige was bitwene the Corynthyens and the Corcyryens whiche was than there aboute two hundred and thre skoore yeares And for that that the cytie of Corynthe is the strayte of the land betwene the two Seas it was alwayes the staple of the Grekes whan they vsed marchandyse yet more for land than for Sea By this meane and that aswell they that inhabyted within Peloponese as withoute came to marchandise within thair lande they wâ—re more ryche than the other lyke as the selfe poetes do vs to vnderstande whiche call Corynthe the ryche cytie And yet sithens that all Grece dyd geue themselues to nauigation and marchandyse by sea After that the pirates and robbers were dryuen away the sayd cytie bicame muche more ryche bicause that they came from all coostes to lande there As touchynge the Ionyens they had a longe tyme after the vsage of saylinge in the tyme of the furst kynge of Perse Cyrus and of his sonne Cambrises so that they defended thair Sea agaynste the sayde Cyrus And in the selfe same say sonne Polycrates that obteigned the rule in the cytie of Sam ye after the tyme of Cambyses was so myghtye by Sea that he occupyed many Islandes Amonge whyche was the same that men call Rhema the whyche he coÌ„secrated and gaue vnto the god Apollo who was in the temple of Delos After that the Phocyans to wytt those that founded the cytye of Massilia vaynquyshed the Cartagyans by Sea And the victoryes battailes by Sea whereof we speake were greatest and most renommed wherof there is any memory and yet neuerthelas were longe time after the destruction of Troye Moreouer the Athenyens the Egenytes and other that men fynde by wrytynge to haue had than armye by Sea had very small nomber of shyppes and also were very lytle For the more parte of them caryed not aboue fysty men and that was very seldome For the Athenyens hauyng warre agaynst the sayde Egenetes and fearynge thair strengthe by Sea Themistocles thair Duke and Capytayne perswaded them that they shulde make oute stronge shyppes for to beate them by Sea whych thynge they did yet notwithstaÌ„dynge all the same shyppes were not couered Such was the estate hooste of the Grekes by sea aswel from the begynnynge and auncyentie as also afterwardes
named Ephire and nere vnto the same there is an other citie in the selfe regyon of Thesphrotyde named Eleatyde about which goeth a great marreys which indureth to the sea named Acheruse by meane of the ryuer of Acherō which after that it hath trauersed the sayd countreye of Thesphrotide ronneth ouer the sayd Marreys and on the other syde runneth into the sea an other ryuer named Thyamys which departeth the countreye of Thesprotyde and that same of Cestryne Betwene these twayne ryuers is situated the sayd promontory and rocke named Cymeriū Into the same place came the Corinthians to take lande The Corcyryens beyng aduertysed of theyr commynge came with an houndred tenne shyppes to plant theyr campe in one of the next Islandes there named Sibota And Mycyades and Esimides Eurybatian were Capytaynes of theyr armye They had more besyde the sayde nomber tenne shyppes wyth Athenyans And besyde that they had set vpon the promontory of Leucyne an thousande foote men that the Pacynthyans had sente to theyr succoure And also they loked to be socoured by straungers whiche inhabyted there adioynynge which were alwayes theyr frendes After that the Corynthyans had sett theyr matters in order and taken victuailes for thre dayes they departed by nyght from the sayde promountory Cymeriū to comme to fyght wyth the Corcyryens And by that it was day they sawe them a farre of in the mayne sea comming ryght agaynst them So they put them selues in battayle on both sydes and made theyr order as followeth The Corcyryens dyd put on the ryght syde the tenne shyppes of Athenes they deuided thē selues in thre bandes on the left syde euerye of them hauyng hys Capitaine On the Corinthians syde the Ambratiens and the Magarens were on the right winge in the middle were the other allyes so as they were founde and in the lefte wynge dyrectly agaynst the ryght wynge of the Corcyryens were the Corinthiens theyr selues In thys manner came the one agaynste the other hauyng eyther of both sydes geuen tokens to fyght and aither of them had bestowed a great nombre of Archers and of other well armed in the toppes of their shyppes vpon top castels euyll ynough appoynted after the fashyon of that tyme. and they foughte verye sharpely but not by arte as they do at this dayes vpon the sea but hande to hande wythout remouing as fote men do that fyght on mayne lande For after that they were myngled together they coulde not well remoue thē selues nor droune the one the other And the hope of victory was in them that fought in the toppe castells rather than in any other thynge And in effecte they fought more by strengthe and by courage than by connynge The fight and conflicte was very great And the shippes of Athens went to succoure the Corcyryēs where as they sawe thē ouercommed for to feare the ennemyes and yet they dyd not fyght agaynste them fearyng to disobeye the commaundement of theyr Lordes So chaunced it that the Corinthiens that were on the right wynge were so ouercharged by theyr ennemies that they toke them self vnto flight and were chased and followed by tenne shyppes of the Corcyryens vntyll the lande where theyr campe was and they landed after thē in suche sorte that they toke pillaged al that that they found within and afterwardes set fyer therin But in the meane tyme that those were there occupyed in the chase in pillage the Corinthiens y◠were in the left wynge hadde easely victory agaynst theyr ennemyes that taried and fought agaynst them for also they were stronger in shyppes The Atheniās than seynge the Corcyryens so ouercharged and put to rebuke beganne to succoure them earnestly and wythout dissymulation and yet inuaded not the Corinthians at the begynnyng But after that they sawe the Corcyryens in flight and the other that chased them they bent them selfe to fyght and to resiste the beste that they coulde wythoute makynge any dyfference of the one or of the other For that that necessytye requyred it so that the battaylle remayned betwene the Athenyans and the Corynthyans the Corcyryans beyng in flyght neuertheles at the last they were constrayned to wythdrawe them selues after the other and so the Corinthyans followed the chase And taried not to bynde and fasten to theyr shyppes the barkes of the shyppes that they had beaten downe nor yet to cause them that they had taken to be towed to lande but in sayling chasynge they indeuored themselues more to slaye the ennemyes then to take them alyue whiche doyng they slewe many of theyr frendes that they founde in theyr waye vpon theyr shippes and on the bottomes of them of theyr syde that had bene dyscomfyted thinking that they had bene enemyes For so great nomber of shyppes beynge assembled aswell on the one syde as on the other and all Grekes after that they were myngled togeder they knewe not well the one the other And they coulde not tell who were the ouercommers or ouercommed Also truly this was the greatest assemblye of shyppes that euer in tymes paste had bene made of Grekes agaynst Grekes After that the Corinthians had had chased the Corcyriens to the entrye of the sea they dyd retourne to receyue their shippwrackes and shyppes skatered abroade and brused and also theyr people that were hurte So they founde a greate nomber whiche they brought vnto the poorte that is oueranempste from the Islande of Sybota in the fyrme lande which is holy deserte in the regyon of Thesphrotyde where the straungers that were comme to theyr ayde dyd tary them on lāde And after that they had bestowed there theyr brused shyppes and theyr hurte people they sayled agayne with the other shyppes that they hadde hoole for to go agaynst Corcyre whiche seyng the Corcyriens came agaynst them with those hole shippes and them of Athens that were lefte Fearynge that the sayde Corynthyaus wolde haue made some entry into their lande Nowit was than late and very nyght and they had nowe begonne to geue token that they woulde fyght Whan the Corinthians perceyued a farre of in the sea twenty shyppes that the Athenyans hadde sent a freshe vnto the Corcyryans fearyng that the tēne which they sente them furst were not suffycyent ynough to saue and defende them lyke as also it chaunced by occasyon thereof the Corinthians begonne to take their oores and by litle lytle to retourne backe for that principally that they knewe not whyther there came a greater nomber after the same that they sawe or not whereat the Corcyryens which coulde not yet see theyr sayd succoure were all abasshedde seing theyr ennemyes so to retourne and coulde not thinke wherfore it was vntyll that some of theyr people perceyued the sayd twenty shyppes and signifyed to them that they came directly vnto them Then beyng nowe also night the Corcyryens lykewyse wythdrewe themselues and in thys manner hauyng foughte vnto darke night they departed
they left the other halfe to be kepte by the Beotyans and after the other departed about the saison that the starre named Acturus doth appere euery man retourned from thence vnto his house As touching the Plateans they had now afore sent away their wiues thou aged people the children al those that were not mete to sarue for the warre In such sorte that there were abydinge in the towne but foure houndred and foure skore Athenyans and ten women alonely for to make them their bread and more there were not of any estate nor condityon The whiche determyned for to defende the towne Such was the preparation of the siege of Platee ¶ Howe the Athenians had an ouerthrow bifore the towne of Spartole in the countrey of Bottians And the Peloponesians an other bifore the cytie of Stratie in the countrey of Acarnanie ☞ The .xiii. Chapter THat same somer in the beginning of the said siege the AtheniaÌ„s sent XenophoÌ„ son of Euripides .ii. other capitains with two thousand fotemeÌ„ citezeins two houÌ„dred horsmen estrangers in haruest season for to make warre against the Chalcydyans Bottians which be in the couÌ„trey of Thrace who being desceÌ„ded bifore the towne of Spartole which is in yâ— quarter of BottiaÌ„s they wasted all their corne yet had intelligeÌ„ce confederation with some of theÌ„ of the towne that shuld haue let theÌ„ in But thoder that were not of the confederatioÌ„ caused a bende of horsmeÌ„ to come frome the towne of Olinthe who being aryued went fourth with the people of the town for to fight against the AtheniaÌ„s In which bataile the fotemeÌ„ ChalcydyeÌ„s being wel armed were repulsed driueÌ„ backe eueÌ„ vnto the gates But the horsmeÌ„ OlynthiaÌ„s the fotemen light armed with a certain small noÌ„ber of other fotemen bearing Pauesses or Targots that were of the contrey that is called Crusyde repulsed the horsmeÌ„ of the Athenyans And as they retyred on the one syde on the other froÌ„ that same battaille ther came soubdainly certayn fresh beÌ„des of fotemeÌ„ wel armed which the OlynthieÌ„s sent to increase the ayde of theÌ„ of the town who seing the said succour coÌ„ming toke hart vnto theÌ„ agayn specially the footmen light armed the horsmeÌ„ Chalcydyens a fresh with the succour of the OlynthyaÌ„s that was come vnto theÌ„ they set vpoÌ„ the Athenyans so dyd repulse force theÌ„ to retire vnto two coÌ„paignies which they had left te kepe their baguaige their artillrie And yet neuerthelas those Athenians defended theÌ„selues maÌ„fully always as they came liuely vpon their ennemis they repulsed theÌ„ But after that they were retourned to their said baguaige the other did chase theÌ„ back again to wit the foot men with shott the horse men with hand strocks in such sort that at last they put theÌ„ to flight had theÌ„ long in the chase In whiche chase there died many beside those that were there slayne at the battaile which were in all four houÌ„dred thirty togidres with the thre Capytains The morow folowing the AthenyaÌ„s after that they had recouered their dead men of theÌ„ of the towne they retourned with the remenant of yâ— army to Athenes For the same victory the Chalcydiens Bottiens after that they had chosen out buryed them that were dead on their partie they erected set vp an trophe or token of tryuÌ„phe bifore the towne Anon after this battaile the Ambracyens the Chaoniens desiring to subdue all the couÌ„trey of Acarnanie to draw it froÌ„ the allyance of the AthenyaÌ„s they signefied vnto the LacedemonyaÌ„s that if they wold send theÌ„ any noÌ„ber of shipps which they might cause the cyties coÌ„federated to fournishe they might easely with a thousand of their souldiars subdewe all the countrey of Acarnanie for that that the one might not succour the other And the done they might wâ—out any great difficultie conquerre the Isle of zacynte that same of zephalanie moreouer they had esperance trusted the rather to take Naupacte which doing the Athenyans could no more discourse sayle aboutes Peloponese as they had accustomed to do wherunto the Lacedemonians didde agre immediatly sent Cnemus who yet was their capytaine generall by sea with those fewe shipps that they had the fotemeÌ„ dyd write vnto the confederated cyties on the sea side that they shuld with all diligence send thair shippes wel fournished into Leucade Now those of Corinthe among the other confedered cyties were most affectioned to the Ambracyens for that they were their burgeoses therfore they made extreme diligeÌ„ce to tacle their shipps to sende theÌ„ vnto theÌ„ likewise did yâ— SycionieÌ„s the other nighe neighbours But those of the Anactorians of the Ambratians and also of the Leucadyans were sonnest ready at the poarte of Leucade Cnemus and the thousand souldiars that he coÌ„ducted vsed so good dyligence that they passed bifore Naupacte without that Phormyo capytaine of the Athenyans who had ther abowtes .xx. shipps to kepe the passage the countrey did perceue theÌ„ So they descended incontynently in the land nighe vnto Corinthe they being there sone after came vnto theÌ„ the succours of the sayde Ambracyens Leucadyens and Anactoryens and besydes them that were all Grekes there came thider a great bende of straungers to wytt a thousand Chaonyans whiche is a nation that is not subiecte vnto kynges but do lyue vnder Dukes whome they do euery yeare chose of a bloude Roiall Of whom were Capytaines Phocyon and Nycanor and with them were the Thesprotiens whiche lyued likewyse without kinge And the Molosses and Athytains of whom was Capytayn Sabylinchus that than was tutor of Tharipus king of the said Molosses beinge in mynorytie of age There was also Orydus kinge of Paranees whiche hadde vnder his bende with his men a thousand Orestyans subgiettes of the king Anthiochus which were come thider by hys knowlaige and consent Likewyse Perdicas kinge of Macedonie sente thider a thousande Macedoniens withoute knowlaige of the Athenyans whych yet aryued not at the begynning whan the furst dyd Wyth this armye Cnemus departed frome Corynthe by lande without wylle to tary for the othere that came by sea passinge through the countrey of the Argiues he pillaged the countrey of Lymnea which was not closed with walles Afterwardes he came against the cytie of Stratie whiche is the greateste of all the countrey of Acarnanie hopinge that if he migte haue takenne that same that he shulde afterwardes right easely take the othere Whan the Acarnanyans knewe that there was come a great armye vpoÌ„ them by land and that they atteded yet for a more strengthe by sea they sente no succoures the one to the other but euery one prepared himselfe to defende his cytie and his lande and all
people shulde comme to their ayde fearinge that Eurylochus with the compaignie that he hadde myghte not passe throughe the contrey of Acarnanyans and comme to ioygne wyth theym And that by that meane they shulde be by force constrayned to fight wythoute hym orells to retyre wyth greate daunger Beinge than Eurylochus and the Peloponesians that were wyth hym aduertised of thenterpryse of the said Ambracians they departed frome the place of Proschie where he had lodged his campe for to come ioigne with them And leuing the way of Argos he passed the mountaigne of Achelous and came through the quarter of Acarnania where was no men of armes hauing on the right hand the cytie of Stratie wherin was a good garnysone and on the lefte hande the reste of all the countrey of Acarnanie And whan he had passed through Pythius and through the confins and borders of Medeone and after throughe Lymnee whiche all were of the lande of the saide Acarnanyans he entrede into the lande of the Argaens which were no more of Acarnanie but were frends of the Ambracyans And hauing trauersed the mouÌ„t Thyamus whiche ys all sterile and barone he came by night into the cytie fro Argie And frome thence passed bitwene the said cytie and the conntrey of Acarnanians priuelye and secreatly in suche manner that at the breake of the day he came to ioigne with the Ambracyans and all togiders wente to lodge themself bifore the Cytie that ys named Metropolis Sone after the twentye galleys withe Athenyans that were in Peloponese commynge to the succours of them of Argos aryued in the poorte of Ambracie And fourthewithe Demosthenes withe two houndred souldyars Messenyans all welle armed and thre skoore Aâ—chers Athenyans togider with them that were for defence of the saide galleis landed came to make a courâ—e bifore Olpas And on the otherside the Acarnanyans and one parte of Amphilochians for the other parte was occupied against the Ambracyans beinge arryued at Argos prepared themself for to go to fight with the ennemy And vnderstanding the coÌ„ming of Demosthenes they came to ioigne with him and made him their Capitain with the capytains that they had of their countrey who came to plante his caÌ„pe nighe inough to Olpas to the campe of the ennemys so that there was but one valley bitwene both that defended empesched them fyue dayes to fight The sixt daye they prepared them self for to geue battell on both sides But for that the PeloponesiaÌ„s were much more mightie in nomber of people than the other Demosthenes fearinge to be inclosed with the multitude of enemys dyd set in a lowe way couered with thicke bushes an embushemeÌ„t of four houÌ„dred men all wel armed also armed lightlye To whom he coÌ„maunded that whan they shulde see that the battayle was bigonne they shulde issue fourthe and come to stryke with great force vpon the backes of the ennemys And with the reste he ordeyned his battaille as he thought good and put himself in the righte winge with the Messenyans and a small noÌ„bre of Athenians that he had And on the lest winge he putte the Acarnanyans euene as they were armed togithere wyth the Amphilochians whiche were all people of shott On the other side the Peloponesians and the Ambracyans were all myngledde the one wythe the othere resaruedde the Mantynyans whyche were altogider on the lefte syde not at the extremytie and wythe the poyncte but more forewardes For in that wynge Eurylochus hadde bestowed hymselfe wyth the people dyrectely agaynste Demosthenes who was in the ryghte wynge on the othere syde wyth the Messenyans The battaille than beinge bigonne and they that were in the ambushemente parceyuynge that the Peloponesians that were on the lefte hande enuironedde and wente aboute to enclose the Athenyans that were on the other syde on the ryghte wynge came to charge vpon them at their backes so that they causedde them to forgette their vertue and dydde putte theym into dysorder and flyghte And so shewedde the waye to the greateste parte of the othere that were wyth theym in the ryghte wynge to flye as they dydde For seing that same bende that Eurylochus conducted which was the strongest in disorder they lost their courage to defende themselfe And yet neuerthelas the Ambracians that were in the ryght wynge repoulsed their ennâ—myes in theire parte and chased them to the cytie of Argos For also the same Ambracyans be better warryours than any of their neighbours But as they retourned frome the chase seinge theire compaignyons almoste all destroyed and thennemys that came strayghte vpon theym they retyred wyth greate payne and danger into Olpas And also there were many slayn for that that they kept not order resarued the Mantynyans which kepte alwaye their order in retiring themselfe And the battaille cessed nighe vpon the night The morowe after Menedeus that was that night chosen capytayne in stede of Eurylochus that was deade founde hymselfe in greate difficultie and perplexitie of that whiche he had to do For through the destruction that had bene great on his syde he sawe nott the meane to defende the towne beinge assieged by sea by land nother to retyre wythoute greate daunger For thys cause he sente to Demosthenes and Capytains of the Acarnanyans for to demaunde the corpses of theire men that were slayne and also that those that were in the towne men of warre mighte depart fromthence wyth their baguage saued who rendred vnto them their corpses and caused those to be buryed that were slayne on their parte which were about thre houndred And afterwardes they dyd sett vp their Trophee in token of victorye but as touchinge the lycence to depart they woolde not graunte it openly but refused and denied it generally to all Notwithstandinge they graunted yt secretely to the Mantynians and to all the Peloponesians that were of any estimation Myndinge by that meane to separate the Ambraceans froÌ„ all the souldiors straungers and also to diffame the Lacedemonyans and Peloponesians vnto all the Grekes as faynte harted traitors to make their appoinctemente wythoute comprehending therin their allyes Than they that were in the town hauynge engraued and buryed their deade with the most hast that they might those that had obteigned lycence to departe treated togithere secretely the manner of their departure Durynge this tyme Demosthenes and the Acarnanyans were aduertysed that the Ambracyans whyche were departed from their cytie for to comme to the succours of their people that were at Olpas accordinge to the comaundement geuen vnto them at the begynning lyke as hath bene bifore sayde were vpon their iourney for to come thider throughe the countrey of Amphilochiens wythout that they had knowlayge of the newes of the destruction of their sayd people So he sent parte of his menne to kepe the passages and the stronge wayes And the remenant of hys people he ordeined for to succour them there and to sett
in the shippes than of those that muste conducte and gouerne them and for you it is conuenient to vainquishe at this instante lyke as ye haue done many other tymes fayghtinge on lande And as touchinge youe maronners I pray and requyre youe that ye be not faynte harted nother discourayged for the losse which youe haue made at the other battaille seynge that youe haue greater preparatioÌ„ for warre in shyppes than youe at that tyme had and muche greater nomber of people but rather be myndefull to go couraygyously to the busynes and to repute yourselues woorthy for to conserue youre honnor And those among you that be holden for Athenyans by the talke of the language and also for the selfe fourme of lyuinge though that ye be not of them and by that meane haue bene in greate reputacâ—on in all Grece and besydes that partakers of our empire euery one in hys parsone in somuche as was expedyent for hys proffitt to wytt for to haue obeyssance of your subiectes and for to be in suertie of your neyghbours ye ought nowe to take good hede not to habandone and forsake at thys stroake our empyre and seygnyorye wherof youe onely be parttakers and compaygnyons and to contempne those whome you haue so oftymes vaynquished to wyt the Corynthians and the Syracusayns None of whome haue euer had anny audacytie for to resiste vs so longe as our armye by sea was in his vigeur and force and to shewe them that your hardynes and scyence of saillinge is greater in your parsons although you be diseased and that you haue bene vaynquished than in theirs that be hoole and also haue had the victorie And for those amoÌ„ge youe that be Athenyans I brynge to remembrance that we haue nother more here in our arceâ—all or haâ—on nor other shippes lyke to thies whyche we haue here nother other warryours on lande but that small nomber whyche we haue lefte there wyth oure baguages wherfore if we haue not the victorie oure ennemyes wyll go incontynently agaynste theym who shall not be hable for to defende both agaynst those that shal descende out of the ships of the ennemys and agaynst the other that shall come from of the lande And by that meane ye shall come partly into the power of the Syracusains agaynste whome ye know wel for what intent ye be come and partly of the Lacedemonyans whyche be wyth them Wherfore beynge brought to suche termes or yssue that youe muste chose aither to vainquishe or ells to come to this extremytie I praye youe that if euer in tymes passed youe haue shewed your vertue and hardynes be wyllyng to parforce yourself to shewe it nowe and to haue remembrance all togiders and euery one for hymself that here ys and lyeth all the armye by sea all the shippes all the force of men and for effecte all the cytie all the empyer and fynallye all the greate renomme of the Athenyans For to warrante and defende all the whyche thinges if there be any of youe that excedeth and surmounteth the other be he of any industrie or experyence or of hardynes he shall neuer shewe himself in better tyme than in this iourney nor more vnto the nede of himself and of othere After that Nycias had thus spoken he caused his people incontynently to mouÌ„te into their shyppes wherof Gylippus the Syracusains were suffycyently aduertysedde for that that they perceyued theyme wyth the eye to prepare for to fyghte and were aduysedde of the graspes of yronne that they dydde putt into their shyppes Wherfore they prouyded themselfe of remedyes aswell agaynste that as also agaynste all the other preparations of the ennemys For they couered the former parte and the mooste parte of their deckes with Copper to the ende that the graspes shulde not fasten in them but rather shulde slippe and slyde aboue of the copper And after that all their case was putt in order Gylippus and the other capytains exhorted their souldyars or warryours wythe thies or lyke woordes The exhortation of Gylippus and of the Syracusayns to their men at armes YOue knowe Lordes Syracusains and youe other oure frendes and allyes that we haue hyâ—herto done in thys warre as men of honestie and that yt is nedefull at thys present to do yet greater thynges For yf that hadde not bene youe shulde not haue bene so readye to haue employedde youreselfe therein Neuerthelas leste there be anny that vnderstandeth not fullye the affayre I wolle well declare yt vnto hym The Athenyans came frome the begynnynge hyther to the intente to subdewe Sycille furste yf they myghte afterwardes Peloponese and consequentlye the remanaunte of Grece Who albeit that they hadde a great and puissant Empyre and that they hadde bene moore puissante than all the othere Grekes that hadde bene byfore thies whyche presentlye be yet youe haue many tymes vainquishedde theym by sea whyche was whooly in their power whyche thinge no man euer dydde and yet at thys presente youe shall vaynquishe theym as it is fullye apparante For whan any people doo fynde theymselfe vainquished in the thynge wherein they perswadedde themselfe to excede the othere they loose greatelye theire reputatyon And fromthensforwardes there opynion and hope ys therby lesser in themself than yf they had not from the begynning had such presumption confideÌ„ce And perceyuynge themself depryued agaynst their opynyon of the glory which they attrybuted to themself the harte coueteth it yet more than the force like as it is to be bileued that it is now chauÌ„ced to the Athenyans And by the contrary you that haue had the hardynes to resiste them by sea although that youe had not greate practyse therin be become more hardy for the opynyon whyche youe haue conceiued through your prowesse For this that youe vaynquished theym that were reputed the most puissant most exercysed therin wherby youe oughte to haue double hope which shall proffytt you greatly For they that go to assaill in greate hoape come vnto yt muche more ioyfully And if our enemys haue lerned of vs to make the apparaylle and preparation of theire shyppes as we had made ours at the other battaylle the same oughte not to abaâ—â—he vs. For we be therin alreadye accustomed and so they shalle not fynde vs nâ—â—e to seke in the thinge that they shall do And somuche as they shall put greater nomber of people in the Castelles and ouerlopps of their shypps they shal be the more oppressed as in a battail by land And also the AcarnanieÌ„s the other archers or darte casters shal not know how to aide them with their darts shot being all bestowed by that meane there thronged the greate nomber shal make their shyppes vnprofytable and letting the one the other shall put themself into disorder And it maye helpe them but smally that they haue greater nomber of shyppes than we nother youe oughte for that to be estonyed For howe muche that they haue greater
towardes Halicarnasses That done the Peloponesians retourned to Cnidus And afterwardes that they were ioigned with the other xxvii that were at Caunus they sailled all togiders to Syma where they reysed vp a Trophee afterwardes retourned fromâ—heÌ„ce to Cnidus In this meane tyme the Athenyans that were at Samie vnderstanding the combate that had bene at Sima came with all their puissance into that same parte But beyng there aboorded and seyng that the Peloponesyans whiche were at Cnidus durste not come to mete them thereâ— and they also fearynge to saille to assaulte them in the forte they dyd take all the vesselles and other instrumentes of Nauigation that they founde at Syma and retourned from theÌ„ce to Samie but in their waye they pyllaiged the towne of Loryme whiche is in the mayne lande The Peloponesians hauinge assembled at Cnidus all their armye they caused all that was nedefull to be repaired And durynge this the xii counsaillours wyth Tyssaphernes who was come to mete with them there deuysed of thynges passed whider there had bene any thynge therin done that they iudged not good and also of the manner of contynuynge the warre to the greatest aduantage that myght be for the welthe and proffytt aswelle of the Peloponesians as of the kynge And amonge the other Lychas alleaged that the articles of the allyance had not bene veray reasonably made for he sayd that reason would not that all the landes whiche the kynge or his predecessours hadde gouernedâ— shoulde retourne into hys puissance forsomuche as by that meane of necessitie al the Islandes the Locrians and the countreys of Thessale and of Beotie shulde come agayne into his subiection the Lacedemonians by that meane in stede of settynge the other Grekes into lybertie shoulde bryng them into the bondage of the Medes Wherfore he sayde and concluded that aither newe articles shulde be made orelles that same allyance be lefte of and dissolued and that for to obteigne the same yt was not nedefulle that Tyssaphernes shoulde paye annye more soulde or wages Who hearynge thys preposition was ryghte angry and fulle of despyte and so departed in greate angre and coller frome the sayd Peloponesians Whyche after hys departure beynge calledde by certene of the pryncipalles of the Rhodiens they sailled into that same quarter hopynge wyth the same cytie to gett a greate nomber of warryours and of shyppes and that through the ayde of them and of their allyes they might haue monney sufficiente for to enterteigne their armye Being than the same wynter departedde frome Cnidus with foore skoore and fortene shypps they dyd come to aboorde at Camirus whiche is in the Islande of Rhodes Whereof those of the countrey and of the cytie that knewe nothynge of the treatie were muche afrayde so that many of them habandoned the cytie for this chiefly that it was not closed wyth walles But the Lacedemonyens sente vnto them and caused them all to assemble togider and lykewyse those of Lyndus and of Ielissus and perswaded them that they shulde departe from the allyance and amytie of the Athenyans and by that meane the cyties of Rhodes reuolted and dyd take parte wyth the Peloponesians Nowe the Athenyans that were at Samie had bene bifore aduertised of this armye that was in the waye for to saille vnto Rhodes and so they departed altogider hopyng to cosarue and succoure it bifore that it shulde haue tourned frome theym but beynge come vntyll wythin the sight of the ennemyes and knowynge that they came to late they retyred into Chalces and fromthence to Samie And yet notwithstandyng after that the Peloponeseans were departed frome the Rhodes those same Athenyans came to make manye assaultes agaynste the Rhodiens aswelle oute of Samie as of Chalces and Coo. But the Peloponesians hauynge withdrawin their shypps there into the poorte soiourned there lx dayes wythout doyng any feate of warre durynge whyche tyme they recouered xxxii talentes of the Rhodyans Howe Alcibiades beinge come into suspition of the Lacedemonyans dyd repaire to Tyssaphernes and perswaded hym to forsake the partie of the Peloponesyans and to really or confederate hymself with the Athenyans And howe ambassadours were sente by the sayd Athenyans vnto Thissaphernes for to conclude yt ☞ The .viii. Chapter DUryng this tyme and bifore the rebellion of Rhodes after the death of Chalcideus and the battaille that was made at Milet the Lacedemonyans had Alcibades in greate suspition so that they did wryte to Astyochus to cause hym to dye for he was ennemye of Agis their kynge and in the reste he was reputed a man of lytle fayth But he beyng aduertised herof had withdrawin hymself euen at begynnynge as he had knowlaige of yt towardes Tissaphernes with whome he had practised all that he coulde agaynste the Peloponesians and had declared vnto hym all that he had lerned of their affaire and also he was the cause to make hym to abate and dymynyshe the soulde or wages that he payde vnto the souldiars and in stede of a groate of Athenes whiche he shulde haue payde them for the daye to delyuer theym three half pence onely whereof he also dyd oftentymes faille the paymente and by information of the sayd Alcibiades he excused himself saying that the Athenians whiche had better vnderstandyng in the feate by sea than they dydde paye vnto their maronners but the sayd wages and that he would not bryng them therunto aswell for to space the monney not for annye lacke that he had therof as also not to geue them occassion to abuse ytt and to become more lascyuious and delycate somuche the more that the surplusage of that whiche shulde be necessarye for them to lyue wythin their vesselles shulde not by theym be expended in superfluous thynges whereby they shulde be the more weakened And where that he deteigned from theÌ„ for a certene tyme one parte of the payment yt was to the ende that they shulde haue no occasion to departe habandone the shyps if nothynge were due vnto them whyche thynge they durste not do whan they shulde perceyue themself contregaiged with any parte of their soulde And for to be hable to obteigne and perswade this same vnto the Peloponesians the same Tissaphernes by the counsaille of the said Alcibiades had gotton all the patrons of the shyppes and all the capytaines of the townes for monney resarued that same Hermocrates of the Syracusayns who onely dyd resiste agaynste yt with all hys power in the name of all their confederates And moreouer the selfe Alcibiades speakynge for Tyssaphernes dyd with reasone confute the cyties whiche demanded monney of the other confederates for to kepe and defende them And furst he said to the Chiens that they ought to haue shame for to demande monney considered that they were the richest of Grece also that they were sett into lybertie and exempted from the subiection of the Athenyans throughe the ayde of the Peloponesians wherfore there was no
shoare and trymmed those whiche were not ready and the other mounted vpon the walles that were at the entrynge of the sayd poorte for to defende it But the Peloponesyans shyps hauynge passed Sunie saylled or kepte their way bitwene Thorice and towardes Prastie and came fromethence to aboorde at Orope Whiche parceyued the Athenyans did soubdainly apprehende and take the maroners which they founde readye lyke as the custome is to doo in a cytie whyche is in Ciuille warre and in greate danger of ennemyes for to wythstande yt For also all the comforte and succours whyche they than had was oute of Eubea the coaste of the lande beynge occupyed by the ennemyes And so they sente Tymocrates with the shyps that they coulde than make readye into Erithree whyche after that he was arryued hauynge in all xxxvi shypps those same comprysed which were bifore alreadye in Eubea he was constrayned to fight forsomuche as Agisandridas hauynge already dyned was departed frome Orope and dyd come agaynste Erethrie whiche is not distante from the said Orope but three skoare stades by sea The Athenyans than seynge the armye of the ennemyes comynge in battaylle agaynste theym they mounted soubdaynly into their shypps thynkynge that the souldyars shulde haue fourthwith followed theÌ„ but they were skatered through all the quarters of the towne for to make prouysion of victuailles for that that the burgeoses of the same had maliciously founde meane that there were no victuailles to be solde in the markett to the ende that the sayd souldyars being occupyed to serche victuailles through the towne they myght not in tyme mount into the shyppes and by that meane that the ennemyes myght betrapp or soubdaynely take them And also they in the reste conuenanted wyth the ennemyes to make theym a signe whan they shoulde perceue that yt were tyme for to assaile the sayd Athenyans shypps Whyche thynge they dyd And notwythstandynge all this the Athenyans that were in the shyps wythin the poorte susteigned a good whyle the force of the enemyes but at the ende they were constrayned to putt theymself in flyght So they were followed by the ennemyes euene vnto the shoare of the sea whereupon those whyche retyredde into the towne as into the lande of frendes were by the burgeosses villaynously slayne But those whiche retyred into the fortes that the Athenyans helde were saued And lykewyse the shyps that coulde saylle vnto Chalcide were saued But the other that were to the nomber of xxii were takene with all those that were in them maronners and othere whereof some were slayne and the other deteigned prysoners and by reasone of the same victorye they reysed vp there a Trophee and wythin a small tyme after they brought all the Islande of Eubea into their obeyssance excepte Oree whiche the same Athenyans dyd holde and also compounded with all the places borderynge thereaboutes Whan the newes of the same ouerthrowe dyd comme to Athenes all the people were afrayde asmuche or more than of annye thynge that had euer happened vnto theym For although that the ouerthrowe whyche they had receyued in Sycille had bene of greate ymportance and many other losses whyche they had had at dyuers tymes yet the hoste whyche was at Samie beynge tourned and rebelled agaynste theym and not hauynge nother more shyps nor men to putt in theym and they theymselues moreouer in suche dissension in the cytye that they dyd but attende and watche the houre for to inuade the one the othere to haue presently loste after so manye calamyties and myschances euene at one instante all the Islande of Eubea oute frome the whiche they had more succours than oute of their oune lande of Athenes it shoulde haue bene a ryght strange thynge yf they had not bene thereof astonyed And somuche the more that the sayd Islande beynge so nyghe vnto the cytie they feared greatly leste the ennemyes in the furye and heate of the same victory would haue come fourthwyth all wyth one power into Pyreus the whych being wholye vnprouyded of shypps if they had had couraige they myght well haue done and chiefly they myght haue assaulted the cytie the whiche by that meane shulde haue come yet into greater deuysione or at the leste assieged it By whych doynge those that were in the armye by sea of the Athenyans in Ionum thoughe that they were aduersaries and agaynste the gouernemente of the foore houndredde shoulde yet haue bene constrayned for their particuler interest and for the welth of their cytie to habandone forsake the sayed countrey of Ionum for to come to the succours of their cytie And by that meane all the countrey of Ionum of Hellesponte and the Islandes that be in that same sea aboutes Eubea and in effecte all the Empire and the seigniorye of the Athenyans shulde haue come into the power of the Athenyans But the Lacedemonyans bothe in the same and in manye othere thynges were muche proffytable to the Athenyans and pryncipallye throughe the multytude and dyuersitie of people that there in their compaignie who were muche differente contrary and disagreynge bothe in wylle in manner of lyuing For some of them were hasty and dyligente the other slacke and loyterynge some hardye and the other fearefull and specially touchyng the feate by sea they were in great discorde whych redounded to the greate proffytte of the Athenyans And that myght be welle knowyn by the Syracusayns Who for that that they were all of one accorde and of one wylle dyd greate thynges and had faire victoryes And for to retourne to the hystorye the Athenyans hauynge lerned theis newes in whatsoeuer manner and necessitie that they were they neuerthelas armedde twentye shyppes and fourthwyth at the selfe houre they assembled togider in the self place of Pyreus and at an other tyme in a place whyche they name Picne wherein they had at othere tymes accustomed to assemble theymself and it was concludedde in the same assemblies that the foore houndred shoulde be deposed and that the auctorye shoulde be in the handes of fyue thousande of the whyche nomber all those myght be that coulde beare armure and that would sarue in the offyce without wages and whosoeuer would do otherwyse shoulde be abhorred and execrable Afterwardes there were manye othere assemblies wherein dyuers lawes and ordonances were made touchynge the admynistration of the common welthe And in the begynnynge therof it semed to me that they made manye good thynges for the conductynge of the common affaires to the welthe of the cytie reducynge and bryngyng the dissension that â—as amongeste theyme by cause of the particuler and common gouernement vnto a good meane whiche was occasion for to cause manye euilles thynges that were done in the cytie to ceasse and by that meane maigteigned yt Moreouer they ordeyned that Alcibiades and the other which were wyth hym shoulde be reapealled and called home agayne and lykewyse that yt shoulde be commaunded to theyme that were at Samie that they shoulde
of thys that I am come to th ende or ouercommed my labours for that that I founde me many tymes wythout ayde and wythoute compaygnie in the estate wherin they be which make mynes in the earth to take a place or for to fynde the mynes or the vaynes of quarryes and whan they haue dygged very deape they se not lowe nor hyghe farre nor nere any thyng that they searched Wherfore yf that by these mynes I haue taken the places yf I haue founde by dyggynge the vayne of stones of pure marbill and of fyne golde as I thinke I haue done it is not to marueylle yf I be right ioyful to be at the ende of my labours For for to speake of Thucidides he is reputed amongest the Grekes as the Porphir amongest the marbles or as golde among metals for that that there is in hys speakynge so muche grauitie so muche vehemencye and so muche trouthe wythoute glofynge which is the pryncypall part in an hystorian that they whiche rede it thinke and beleue that that he wryteth holye to be true and that he hym selfe that hath wrytton the hystorye hath not onely sene the thynges wherof he speaketh but also was therin presydent or châ—ef As he was for trouth in many thynges so as shall appeare hereafter by the dyscours of the hystorye albeit that he was charged to haue to slackely comme to succoure by sea the cytye of Antypolys wyth the armye by sea wherof he had charge By occasyon wherof he was bannyshed although vnryghtuously Duryng whiche banyshment he composed thys present hystorye and yet coulde not fynysh it as he had determyned bryng preuented by death And yet neuertheles thys present anthor and Herodotus haue the prayse amonge the Grekyshe hystoryans all lyke as Saluste and Titus Lyuius amonge the Latynes For the one of them to wytte Herodotus goeth forwarde all playne and easy wythout any roughnes as a ryuer that ronneth swetely all hole together wythoute any sourge and wythout wawes The other to wyt Thucydides hath hys course more impetuous and in speakyng of thynges of warre semeth that he is at the poynte of doynge it and that he geueth tokenne to fyght As Quyntilian the greate Oratour sayeth in thys manner Many haue wryttone hystoryes very elegantlye but no man putteth me in doubte that there aâ—ne not two that greatly exceade the other And albeit yâ— theyr vertue and excellencye be in dyuers qualyties yet the prayse is egall asmuch to the one as to the other To wytt Thucidides whiche is briefe and compendyous wythout interuption and Herodotus who is eloquent and copyous The one is more vehemente for to moue mens hartes the other more remys and gentle th one is more singulier in hys orations and the other in hys speakynge The one is more lyuely and the other more playsante Thowe haste than right reuerende father by the testimonye of Latynes what the hystorye of Thucydides in Greke is And yf thou dyddest thinke that it hath all the same maiâ—stye translated into Latynne I wolde forget all the laboure that I haue taken to do it But more I wyll not but that thou despyse not my labours consydering that the good knyght esteameth nothynge so muche as to be holden and reputed by hys heade and Emperour to be vaillyant and hardy Thus do I requyre you ryght reuerende father that you woll acknowlaige thys historye of Thucidides to be thyne aud myne For yf thoue allowest it and hast my worke agreable I woll repute it common vnto vs bothe Here followeth the translatyon of the Lorde Claâ—dius of Seyssell of Thucydydes into the Frenche tongue The furste boke of Thucidides of Thistoryes of Peloponesia ☞ In thys furste Chapter the Author for to shewe that the warre wherof he woll speake hath bene more greate than any of the other that the Grekes had euer hadde wythin theyr countreye or wythoute reherceth the begynnynge and procedynge of the countreye of Grece and of all the landes that they had hadde before thys presente warre nowe moued The furste Chapter THucidides Athenyan hath writt one the warre whiche the Peloponesians hadde wyth the Athenyans from begynnynge of the same vnto the ende hopynge that men shall fynde it right great and more worthy of memory than all thother that haue bene before By meanes that bothe partyes were than very puissant and plentyfull of al thinges necessarye to maigteyne it And also for that that all the residue of Grece did entermedle on the one syde and on the other Some of them from the beginning and other after the consultacyon and thys motion of warre was very greate not of Grekes onely but also of straungers and by a manner to saye of manye dyuers natyons And albeit that of other warres whiche were before thys and chiefly of the more auncyent there is no greate remembraunce nor certaintie yet alwayes I esteme by dyuers coniectures that I haue of manye thynges whiche I haue diligentlye inquyred that they were not verye greate nother coÌ„cernynge feates of warre nother as touchynge other thyuges For that that it is suerlye certayne that the countrey that nowe is named Grece was not in tymes paste so establyshed permanent as it nowis But the inhabytantes therof were oftentymes dryuen awaye by other more puissante and wente to dwelle in other places And by thys meane they had not amonge them any trade of marchaundyse nor any entrecourse by sea nor by lande but all in feare And for thys cause they tylled not theyr landeâ— but onely so muche as was necessary for theyr lyuyng Also they hadde not than greate plenty of monney nother dyd they plaÌ„t many trees in theyr lande for that they were not very certaine to haue power to enioye them And specyally not hauyng any townes closed wyth walles they made no greate matter to be dryuen from thence thinking that they coulde lyue aswell in an other lande whereby it maye be sayde that they were not puissant nor hauynge greate townes nor apparayl of warre So muche were all the quarters of the same Region subiected to the alterations of people specyally the quarter whiche men nowe call Beoce the same of Thessale andâ— manye other that be in Peloponese reserued the countreye of Archadye whiche was alwayes the moste ryche and most fartylle of all the other And by meanes therof albeit that the inâ—abytantes there were a lytle more mighty than the other yet they ofteÌ„tymes destroied theÌ„selues by questions seditioâ—s that they had among theÌ„selues further they were greatly subiect to robberyes â—illage of strangers wherby I fynde that the countreye of the Athenians the regyon Attique hath ben longer inhabyted by one only nation of people than any of the other for that yâ— the lande there was so barren that the other had no care to come thyder to wynne it but alwayes it hath bene as men may see and perceyue by meanes therof more peopled and increased wyth newe inhabitantes than
For it is for them that are mynded to wronge other conuenyent to make thies longe consultations And therefore lordes Lacedemonyans iudge manfully and declare warre in shewynge and defendinge youre dygnitie and maiestye Spertayne And suffre ye not that the Athenyans make theirs more greate nor to destroy oure allyes But hauinge the goddes to helpe vs lette vs warre againste them that do iniurie vs. After that Stenelaides hadde thus spoken he sayde and ordonned that the matter shulde be putte into deliberation of the counsayle to be determyned by the greater voyce And for that that the noyse was greate amongest them for the diuersyte of opynyons for thair custome was to declare and geue thair consente and opynyoâ—s by thair voyces and not by small balles for to encourage them the more to be of his oyynyoÌ„ he sayd in this manner All those that be of opynyon that the Athenyans haue brokenne the allyances and wroÌ„ged our frendes aryse withdrawe yourselues into this place shewinge them a certayn place of the halle where they helde counsaile And they that shal be of contrary opynyon withdrawe youreselfe into the othere whiche they did So there was founde a muche greater nomber of them that were of the opynyon to make warre This done they caused thair allyes to be called and shewed them that they thought that the Athenyans did wronge But neuerthelas bifore they wolde determyne warre they were mynded to haue the aduyse and opynyon of them all to thintent that if it were mete to make it the same shuld be done by one comon accorde And hereupon they sente all the Ambassadours that were there home to thair houses for to consulte euery of them in his quartier And lykewyse the Athenyans after they had receiued auuswere of that that they were sente for they retourned to Athenes And this peblicâ—te that is to sayâ— decre of the people was made and pronounced the .xiiii. yeare after the truyse of thirty yeares whyche had bene made after the warre of Eubee And the Lacedemonyans were moued to make this decre not somuche for the woordes and declarations of thair allyes as for feare that they had that the AthenyaÌ„s shulde make themselues mightier Seinge that the more parte of Grece was now subjected vnto them And they were encreased sens the warre of the Medes in the manner that foloweth Howe the Athâ—nyans after the warre of the Medes buylded agayne theire cytie and the begynnynge of thair Empyre in Grece The .xi. Chaptre AFter that the Medes were departed from Europe beinge vainquisshed by the Grekes aswell by lande as by sea and that they that were saued by sea were descomforted nigh to Mycale Lyothichides king of Lacedemonyans who was Duke and Capytaine to the Grekes that were at the same descomfyture of Mycale retourned home wyth the Grekes of Peloponese that he had vnder hym But the Athenyans wyth them of Ionum and of Hellespont whyche than were rebelles agaynste the kynge of Mede taried and assieged the cytie fo Ceste whiche the same Medes did holde who did forsake it And by that meane the same Athenyans and allyes toke yt and there kepte thair winter The wynter passed they all departed frome Hellesponte the countrey beynge habandoned of the strangers and the Athenyans wente to take agayne thair wyues chyldren and moueables that were in the cyties wherin they had bestowed them to be kept at the begynning of the warre After they retourned vnto Athenes determyned to make agayne and buylde thair walles of the towne the more parte wherof were beaten downe And likewyse the howsen some of them in very small nomber resarued whiche the chiefe of the straungers had kepte for to lodge in Whyche thinge vnderstandynge the Lacedemonyans they sente thair Ambassadours to empesche and lette them to doyt Aswell for that that they not wyllingly did see that they nor other shulde haue walles to thair townes as also at the instigatioÌ„ of thair allyes that feared the puyssance of the same Athenyans seing that they had a muche more greate nomber of shippes that at begynning of the warre And that sens the same they had conceyued a great audacytie So the sayd Ambassadours requyred theÌ„ that they wolde not make agayne thair walles but rather plucke downe all those of the other townes that were out of Peloponese that remayned hole And yet not withstandynge did not declare vnto them the cause that moued them to make this requeste but shewed theÌ„ that it was for feare that if they made again thair sayd walles the straungers shulde retourne they shulde haue an other place to receyue them wherin they myght warre agaynste them as they did than in the cytie of Thoebes whyche they did holde For they sayde that Peloponese was a place sure and defensible suffycieÌ„t for the retreate of all the Grekes Whan the Athenyans had harde this Ambassade they aunswered that they wolde shortly sende of thair people to Lacedemonye for to make them aunswere And with this answere sent theÌ„ again incontynently And this they did by the counsaille of Themistocles who perswaded them that they shulde sende him fourthwyth bifore into Lacedemonye and that within certayn tyme after they shulde despatche other people that shuld haue charge of that matter with him in the meane tyme shuld cause with all diligence to be sett to worke all theÌ„ of the towne aswel lytle as great aswell men as also women to make the walles for to rayse theÌ„ by all meanes to be so high that they might be fensible and that they shuld take the matter and the stones there as they shulde fynde them most ready without sparing edifices publique or particuler And after that he had shewed them this and what he intended to do he went to Lacedemonye At whyche place beynge aryued he went not to the officers nor to the counsel in many dayes But whan any of the counsailers demanded him wherfore he slacked somuch to go thider he founde dyuers excuses saying that he taryed for his coÌ„paignyons excusing thair retardaÌ„ce by dyuers meanes neuerthelas saying that he hoped that they shuld come ryght shortly that he maruailed howe they taryed so long Whâ—ruÌ„to the honest people of the towne did geue credite for the amitie knowlaige that they hadde of hym But durynge this tyme people came euery daye that reported to the sayd LacedemonyaÌ„s how that the walles of Athens were coÌ„tynually made vp with all diligeÌ„ce And nowe were so heighned that it was not to bileue that they wolde cease Themistocles thaÌ„ seinge that there was no more meanes to abuse them prayed them that they wolde not beleue reaportes but to sende frome amongest theÌ„ faythâ—ull parsones vnto the places for to see the thinge at yâ— eye and to make vnto theÌ„ true reaport which they did And on the other side he sente secretly by one his messenger to aduertyse the Athenyans that they shuld reteigne the sayd Ambassadours by the most
that Docres regarded them not retourned vnto theyr houses Whiche seynge the Lacedemonians wolde not sende other vnto them fearyng that those that they shulde sende theÌ„ shulde become worse lyke as they had experimented by Pausanias And moreouer they desyred gladly to be delyuered from the warre of the Medes And to leue the charge therof to the Athenyans who semed to them to be people mete to haue conduyte therof and also were than theyr good frendes The AthenyaÌ„s hauynge by thys meane taken the auctorytye and principalitie vpon the Grekes imposed and rated for euery of the cities confederated a certayne nomber of shyppes and a certayne quantytie of monney for defence of the countrey against the Medes And also to reuenge them of the euyls that they had done in the countreye of Grece Wherunto the sayde confederates dyd gentely agree for the great hatred that they hadde conceyued agaynste Pausanias And than treasourers and receiuours were furst created by the Athenians for to recouer and kepe the monney of that same imposte whiche they called Tribute And it was the furste that euer had bene imposed ouer the Grekes and yt amounted to the some of foure houndred threskoore talentes and the temple of Delos was chosen for to kepe it in And there the sayde confederates dyd make theyr assemblies and so euery of the confedered cytyes at the begynnynge did chose theyr Dukes and heades whiche dyd gouerne them accordyng to theyr lawes And they were all called and had theyr voyce in the common consultacyons that were made for the feates of warre The Athenians came to thys degre of rule and auctorytye by occasyon of warre with the Medes And for the deâ—yre that they had to do greater thynges But sythens the sayde warre vntyll this presente whereof we speake the sayde Athenyans dyd many greate feates aswell agaynst strauÌ„gers as agaynst theyr coÌ„federates that wolde haue made nouuelties and also agaiÌ„st certayne PeloponesiaÌ„s which in all the affayres of the sayd AthenyaÌ„s were willyng to withstande and hynder them The whiche matters I am mynded here to brynge in departynge somewhat from my narration for that that all they whiche haue writtonne before me haue omytted this parte makynge onely meÌ„tion of thynges that were done before the warre of the Medes or in the same warre And specyally Hellicanus who speaketh some thynge in hys hystorye of Athenyans and toucheth it compendyously without parfaictynge or makynge distinction of the tyme. Also it semeth vnto me conuenyent to make this narration for that that thereby it shal be vnderstande howe the Empyre of the Athenyans hath bene establishedde Of warres that the Carthagians had after that same of Medes vntyll this presente warre aswell agaynst the straungers as agaynste the Grekes by meanes whereof they increased theyr Empyre and auctorytie Cap. xii ANd furste vnderconducte of Cymon sonne of Mylciades they toke and pyllaged the toune of Eyonne which is vpon the ryuer of Strymonne that the Medes dyd kepe After they toke and fourraged the Isle of Scyre that is in the sea Egee and froÌ„ thence chased the Tollopes who kepte it and dyd inhabyte it with their people And after they had warre agaynste the Caristyans and other of the Isle of Eubee whome fynallye they subdued by treatie and successiuely the Naxiens that were rebelles against them who being conquered by force were the furst of the cyties confederated that the Athenyans brought into seruitude agaynst the fourme of the allyance And they dyd the lyke afterwardes vnto other which rebelled â—n lyke manner which many dyd by reasone of this that whan they faylled to fournish the nomber of shyppes or to paye the trybute that they had graunted or ells that they departed from the armye wythout lycence the Athenyans constrayned and punished theÌ„ rygourously which thing was to greuous for theÌ„ to â—ndure For that they had not bene accustomed to be so constrayned And neuertheles they sawe the Athenyans vse more auctoritie thaÌ„ they were accustomed that the warre was not egally made by reason of this that those AtheniaÌ„s had the power to coÌ„strayne theÌ„ that fayled wherof they themselues that were constrayned had bene cause for that that through stouthfulnes to go to warre and that they wolde not forsake their houses some amonge them had compounded to geue moneye in steade of shippes whiche they were bounde to fournyshe for theyr portion By meane wherof the power of the Athenyans waxed strong by sea and they abodde holy destitute of shyppes In suche sorte that whan afterwardes they woulde haue rebelled they founde themselues vnprouyded and coulde not resiste After these thynges the Athenyans and theyr confederates made warre agaynste the Medes And in one daye hadde two victoryes the one by lande nyghe the ryuer of Eurymedone in the countreye of Pamphilie and the other vpon the sea nyghe therunto vnder the conducte of Symon In whiche battayle by sea were taken and descoÌ„fyted all the shyppes and galleis of the Phenycians which were to the nomber of two houndred It chaunced anone after that the Thasians rebelled from the sayde Athenyans by occasyon that the same Athenyans made theyr estaple of marchaundyses and specyally of Iron in the quarter of Thrace whiche was on the other syde of the sea dyrectly agaynst them But the Athenyans sente thyder theyr armye by sea whiche descomfyted that same of the Thasians And afterwardes landed and assieged the cytye In thys selfe tyme they sente tenne thousande housholdes aswell of their citezeins as of theyr allyes to the quarter of Strymonne for to inhabyte wyth theyr people the towne whiche was than called neuf chemins and is nowe named Emphipolis and chased from thence the Edonians that held it But afterwardes those Athenians beyng entred further by lande into the countreye of Thrace were all descomfyted nyghe vnto Darasinque by the people of the countrey who were despleased that the sayde towne was so peopled with straungers In these affayres the Thasians that had bene ouercome by sea and were assieged by the Athenyans as is before sayde sente towardes the Lacedemonyans to requyre succoure prayinge theÌ„ that they wold enter into the countreye of the sayd Athenyans to thintent that they mighte be constrayned to rayse and breake theyr siege and go to succour theyr laÌ„de which thynge the Lacedemoâ—yans dyd secretely graunte to do and had parfourmed it had not bene a greate earthquake which happened in theyr countrey By meanes wherof they durste not enteryryse that warre And also it chaunced in the selfe same tyme that all the captyues of the Lacedemonyans that were in the quarter of Thuriate and of Eschee dyd flye vnto Ithome which slaues or captyues were for the more parte descended of thancyent Messenyens that were brought into captiuitie And herfore they were al called Messenyans By occasion wheroâ— the Lacedemonyans beganne warre agaynste them of Ithome and thereby coulde
and on the sea syde by the galleys of Phenycians In suche manner that the greater parte were drowned and the other saued themselfe with force of oores Suche ende and yssue toke the great armye and enterpryse of the Athenyans and of theyr allyes in the countreye of Egypte After the whiche Orestes sonne of Echratydes beyng chased from the countrey of Thessale by the kynge of the sayde lande named Phassalus had recours to the sayde Athenyans and perswaded them in suche wyse that they enterprysed to set hym agayne into the sayde countreye And so came with ayde of the Beocyans and Phocyans to lande in Thessale And toke that that was in fyrme lande nyghe the sea and kepte it so longe as they helde themself in battayle all togethers for the horsmen of the kynge withstood◠them to enter any further into the countrey By occasyon wherof seyng that they coulde take no stronge towne nor execute theyr enterpryse they retourned without doyng any other thynge but that they caryed Orestes wyth them Anone after a thousande Athenyans that were in the place of fountaynes named Pegase whiche they helde entered into theyr shyppes that they had there and came to arryue in Cycione vnder the conducte of Porydes sonne of Xantypus And beyng landed they descomfyted an armye of Syconiens that came to ouerrunne them This done they toke the Archers into theyr compaignye and passed through Acarnie for to comme to take the the cytye of Emade and so assieged it But seynge that they coulde not take it they retourned And thre yeares after they made truse for fyue yeares with the Peloponesians Duryng the whiche albeit that they kepte abstynence of warre in Grece yet they made an armye of two houndred shippes aswell of theyrs as of theyr compaygnyons wherof Cymon was chyef capytayne and they wente to aryue at Cypres being at which place they were called backe by Amyrteus king of the maryces and forestes of Egypte and so they sente to the sayde countreye of Egypte thre skore of theyr shyppes The reste remayned at the siege before the cytye of Cyrcye But beyng Cymon theyr capytayne there deade and they in greate necessitie of victuayles they departed from the sayd siege to haue retourned and sayllynge foranempste the cytye of Salamyne whiche is in Cypres they foughte aswell by sea as by lande agaynste the Phenycyans and agaynste the Ciliciens and had in bothe battaylles vyctorye and afterwardes they came againe into theyr countrey And also the other shippes of theyr bende whiche were gone into Egypte After thys the Lacedemonyans beganne the warre that was called consecrated and hauing taken the temple that is at Delphos dyd delyuer it agayne to the people of the towne But it taryed not longe that the Athenyans came thyder wyth a mightye armye whiche toke it agayne and delyuered it to kepe vnto the Phocians Anone after the bānyshed men that the Athenyans had chased from the countrey of Beoce hauyng occupyed Orcomenye Cheronee and some other townes of the sayde countreye the Athenians sente thyder a thousande men of theyrs with an other nomber of theyr allyes as they myghte redelye get them vnder the conducte of Tholmydas sonne of Tholmee And so toke agayne Cheronee and furnished it wyth theyr people And retournynge from thence they were encontred by the sayde bānyshed men Beotiens who had assembled the bānyshed of Eubee the Locres and some other takyng theyr partye who descomfyted them The more parte of them beyng slayne and the other taken prysoners By whose meane by deliuering of them the Athenyans made appointment with the sayde Beotiens restored them to theyr lybertie And by occasyon therof all the bannyshed and other that were gone from the sayd countrey retourned thyder incontinētly vnderstandynge to be set agayne into theyr former lybertye It taryed not longe after that the Islande of Eubee rebelled agaynste the Athenyans and so as Perycles whome the sayd Athenyans had sente with a greate armye for to brynge them into theyr obeysance was in hys iourneye for to go thyder he receyued newes that they of Megare were lykewyse rebelled and had slayne the garnysone of Athenyans that were wythin excepte a small nomber which saued them self at Nisee And those had gott one vnto theyr intelligence or confederation from the Corynthians the Sycionyans and the Epidauryens and moreouer that the Peloponesians shulde enter with great puissance into the lande of Athenes Understandyng the whiche thynges he lefte the Iourneye of Eubee and came agayne to Athenes but before that he arryued the Peloponosyans were nowe entred into the countreye Attique that is to say of Athenes and had fourraged and pylledall the lande from the cytye of Hellusyne vntyll the felde named Thrasius hauyng for theyr Duke and Capitaine Plistonactes sonne to Pausanias Kynge of Lacedemonyans And that done without passyng any further were retourned vnto theyr houses whiche seing the Athenyans dyd afresh sende Pericles with the armye into Eubee who subdued all the Islande by compositiō reserued the citie of Hescie which he toke by force And for that cause chased awaye from thence all the inhabitantes and inhabyted it with his people A◠retourne from that same cōqueste or very shortly after the appoinctment was made for thyrty yeares betwene the sayd Athenyans on the one partie and the Lacedemonians theyr allyes on the other partye through which those same Athenyans rendred Pysee les fountaynes Trezenie and Achaye whiche was all that which they dyd holde from Peloponese It chaunsed that the Sixt year after the sayde appointement great warre was moued agaynste the Samiās and the Mylesyans by reasone of the cytye of Pryene And seinge the Mylesyans that they were not myghtye or stronge ynough for theyr enemyes they sente to make theyr complaynctes towardes the Athenyans by consente and intellygence of some partyculer cytezeins of Samye that wente aboute to make an alteracyon or chaunge in theyr cytye At whose persuasyon the Athenyans wente wyth fourty shyppes agaynste the sayde cytye of Samye the sayd cytye of Samye And so brought it agayne to the gouernaūce of the cōmone estate and toke of them fyfty yonge infantes and fyftye men delyuered for hostages whome they lefte for paunde in the Islande of Lemne Afterwardes hauyng lefte theyr garnysone at Samye they retourned But anone after theyr departure some of the cytezeins whiche were not in the cytye whan the Athenyans had so oppressed it but perceyuyng theyr commynge were withdrawen into dyuers places in the mayne lande by consente and delyberatyon of the principall of the cytye made allyance with Pissuthnes sonne of Hiscapsis who than gouerned the cytye of Sardes And he sent them seuen houndred men of warre with whome they entred by nyght into the cytye of Samye dyd fighte agaynst the commons that had the gouernaunce In suche manner that they had the vpper hande
yet at this present day the sepulcre may be sene bifore the temple lyke as appeareth by the letters that be grauen in the stone of the sepulture And moreouer they were commaunded by the oracle of the god that for to purge the sacrilege that they had committed by violating of the teÌ„ple of the goddesse that they shuld in stede of one hys body reÌ„dre twayne whyche they dydde And in the stede of Pausanias whome they had taken they offred him two images and statures of copper By this meane nowe the Athenyans for to aunswere to the Lacedemonyans touchynge the sacrilege wherewith they charged them rendred them the contrary Sayinge that it was requysitt also that they shuld pourge this cryme and oultrage whyche they had done to the goddesse Pallas whiche by the god Apollo was iudged sacrilege ¶ Howe Themistocles duke of Athenyans beinge persecuted aswell by them as by the Lacedemonyans withdrewe himselfe towardes the kynge Artaxerxes and there ended hys life ☞ The .xvi. Chapter WHan the Lacedemonyans had vnderstande the aunswere of the Athenyans they sente vnto them againe thair messengers signyfying theÌ„ howe that Themistocles had bene consentynge and parttaker of the selfe conspiracy that Pausanias had done like as they sayd to appere by his proces whiche they kepte within the temple Requiringe the Athenyans that they shuld lykewise punishe the sayd Themistocles The whiche thing the sayd Athenyans lightly did beleue And all with one accorde sente aswell from Sparte as fro Athenes people for to take the sayd Themistocles Who in that same time beinge bannished from Athenes kepte himselfe in the cytie of Argos the more part of the time but oftymes he weÌ„t through the couÌ„trey of Peloponese Being than aduertised of that same deliberation he departed from Peloponese went from thence by sea to Corcyre knowing that the people of that same cytie loued him for many plaisiâ—s and benefites that he had done them But they shewed him that if they receiued him they shuld cause the Spartaynes and the Athenyans to be thair ennemys And so they sett him a land in the coaste of the Islande nexte vnto them And after perteyuinge that he was stille pursued he wtdrewe himself towards Admetus king of Melosses although he knewe him not to be his frende And not finding that same king in his cytie for that he was than absent he came to render himself to the quene his wife who bad him to take their son by the hand to tary in thair house vntil the coming of the king who taried not long bifore he retourned And whaÌ„ he was arriued Themistocles came to present himâ—elf shewed him That albeit in the tyme that he was duke of Athenes that whaÌ„ the same king was at thair mercy he had spokeÌ„ against him in certaine thinges yet were it not reasonable that he shuld take veÌ„geance of him at that houre that he was coÌ„me to reÌ„der himself to his marcy in somuch as the things were not like for he was thaÌ„ in much more poore estate thaÌ„ the kinge was whan the said Themistocles iniuried him And yt apperteigned not to a noble couraige to take veÌ„geance but against his egalls And on thoder part whan the said Themistocles was against him the said king trauailed onely to do his proffit for goods not to saue his life as the said Themistocles presently did For if that he restored him vnto theÌ„ that pursued him he were cause of his death After the Themistocles had made thies declarations being set vpoÌ„ the grouÌ„d with the same son of the said Admetus which is a facioÌ„ to require the most effectuously that might be the same king caused him to arise promised not to restore him to the LacedemoniaÌ„s AtheniaÌ„s whiche thinge he perfourmed notwithstanding that sone after thair messengers came to hym and made many great declarations for to perswade him to restore hym But vnderstandinge that he wolde goo to the kinge Xerxes he caused him to be accompanied by lande vnto the cytie of Pydue whiche is situated vpon the shore of the other sea appertaigning vnto AlexaÌ„der In which place he entred into a shipp which was willinge to go into IonuÌ„ But by fortune of sea he came to lande for anempste the cytie of Nare whiche the AtheniaÌ„s did holde assieged wherof the sayd Themistocles was greatly astonyed yet discouered not himselfe to the patrone of the shippe who knewe not bifore what he was nor for what cause that he fledde but sayde vnto him in this manner If thou sauest me not kepe me secret I wol say to the Athenyans that thou hast taken monney of me for to saue me But if thou doist saue me I woll recompense the habuÌ„dantly or liberally And the remedy is that thou suffre not any of them that be in the ship to go fourth but kepe them here at ancre vntill we haue winde for to departe whiche thinge the patrone graunted him and laye at ancre a daye and a nyghte Afterwardes hauinge recouered the wynde he halsed vp the saile for to goo towardes Ephasus Beinge arryued at whiche place Themistocles parfourmed that whych he had promysed And gaue him a good some of monney For anone after it was largely brought to hym aswell from Athens as also from Argos From thens Themistocles toke his iourney by mayne lande with one maroÌ„ner beinge a Persyan And so wrotte letters to Artarerxes who than newely succeded Xerres his father in the roiaulme of Mede and of Perse whiche were of the tenour that folowith I come vnto the kynge Artarerxes I Themistocles that haue done many doÌ„mayges to thy house more than any other Greke by that I was constrayned to resyste thy father who assayled me But I dyd him much more saruyce afterwardes whan yt was laufull for me to do yt For he was beholden vnto me for his retourne which was right daungerous And this said he for that that after that Xerxes had lost the battaille by sea at Salamyne that same Themistocles wrott vnto him that he shulde haste to retourne fayninge that it was enterprised to breake the bridges where he shulde retourne and that he had empesched it After folowethe the reste of the Epistle And nowe that the Grekes do parsecute me as thy frende I comme hither to do the muche saruyce But I am determyned to soiourne here one yeare and afterwardes to shewe the causes for whiche I am comme The king hauyng red his letters maruailed at his wytt and graunted him that whiche he demaunded to tary there one yeare wher he was bifore to come vnto him within which tyme he lerned all that was possible both of the language and also of the maÌ„ners of the Persiens Afterwardes he came vnto the kinge and had more authoryte about him than any of the Grekes that euer came thider aswell for the dignite and great reputacyon that he had had bifore as also for that that
the more that after the warre of the Medes they had brought chyderall theyr moueables And on the other parte it greaued theÌ„ greatly and was molestuous that they shuld leaue theyr temples and theyr particular Goddes whiche they hadde in the vyllages and â—ouroughs whiche for the auncyent vsage that they hadde to sacrifyce there they reputed them to be theyr parte And also it was mete for them to leue and chaunge all theyr manner of lyuynge Whereby in effecte it semed vnto euerye of them by departynge from theyr vyllages that they habandoned theyr citie And after that they were come wythin the cytye there were veray fewe that had houses Afterwardes some of them wente vnto theyr parentes and frendes the other and the more parte lodged themselues in places of the citye not inhabited in all the temples reserued those that were in the hygh cytye of Eleusine and some other whiche were surelyer shutt and kept And also there were that lodged themself wythin the teÌ„ple named Pelasgeque which was all aboue the olde cytie though that it were not laufull to dwell there lyke as it was conteygned in the ende of a verse of an aunswere of Apollo Delphicque whiche sayde in thys manner The temple Pellasgeque shall kepe most comodyouslye the reste But to my iudgement that same aunswere came to the contrarye of that that men vnderstode by it For the calamytie chaunced not to the cytye for that that the temple was prophane by the habitacyon of the people as some woll vnderstande it but to the contrarye the necessytye to dwell there came through the calamyte of the warre For the oracle of the Godde foreseynge the warre that shulde comme shewed before that whan men shulde inhabyt there it shulde not be for any goodnes Manye also lodged them selfe wythin the towers of the walles And for conclusyon euery one lodged hymselfe there where he myght For the cytye made them no empeschement seynge so greate a nomber of people to be comme oute of the feldes But aâ—terwardes they were lodged vpon the longe walle and in a greate parte of Pyreus After that the people and the goodes were wythdraweÌ„ into the cytye they were all geuen and attentyue to prouyde for thynges apperteygnynge to warre Specyally to cause the succours of the townes subiected and confederated to assemble to make ready and tacle an houndred shyppes which they wolde sende to Peloponese In thys manner the Athenyans were busyed in the feate of warre Howe the Peloponesians intred furste into the lande of Athenes and the pyllages that there were made And howe the Athenyans by the wysedome of Pericles were empesched to yssue forth reserued the horsemen whiche were repoulsed and dryuen backe agayne ☞ The .v. Chapter THe hoste of the Peloponesyans comming into the lande of Athenes they mynded to lodge furste in the towne of Enoe whiche is vpon the borders betwene Athenes and Beoce And for that that the towne was strongely walled into the whiche the Athenyans retyred in tyme of warre the Peloponesians determined to take it by batterye For thys cause they made engyns to be sett vp for batterie but for that that it was longe tyme in doing they had great suspytyoÌ„ agaynst Archidamus that he was fauourable to the AthenyaÌ„s For also they thought that he hadde ben eneglygent in causyng the confederates to assemble and that he had coldly encouraged the armye And after that it was assembled that he taryed longe in the destraicte of Peloponese before he departed and more that after hys departure that he came very softly but aboue all they complayned of that that he hadde bene so longe before Enoe And they thought that yf he had vsed dylygence they hadde entrynge readely into the lande of Athenes pyllaged all the goodes that the Athenyans had brought into the cytye In suche suspytyon was Archidamus at the assiege of Enoe who as men saye caused it to be protracted at length hopynge that the Athenyans before that theyr lande shulde be begonne to be wasted and destroied wolde come fourthe rather than to see it destroyed before theyr eyes But afâ—er that the Peloponesyans had done all theyr beste for to take Enoe seyng that there was no hope to do it and also that the Athenyans had not sente anye heraulde nor message vnto them they departed from thence about fourskoore daies after that which had bene done by the Thebayns at Platee and entredde into the countreye of Athenes in the tyme of sommer the corne beyng rype in the feldes vnder the conducte of Archidamus kynge of Sparte And vainquyshed all the sayde lande begynnynge in the quarter of Eleusine and of Triasie and also dyd repoulse and dryue backe the horsemen of the Athenyans that were come fourthe vpon them into a place that is called Rithie Afterwardes they passed more further hauyng on the ryght hande the mountaygne of Egaleon ouerthwart the regyon called Cecropie and came vntyll Acarne whiche is the greatest towne that is in all the regyon of Athenes before the which they layde theyr assiege and there they were long pyllagynge and destroying the couÌ„trey It is said that Archidamus kept hym selfe abowtes the towne wyth all the armye in battayle as for to fyght and wolde not descende into the playne fearyng that the Athenyans who had so great noÌ„bre of yonge people more encouraged to warre than euer they had before wolde come to ouerrunne them and coulde not endure to see theyr laÌ„de so wasted pillaged And whan he yet did see that they were not come fourth the ennemyes beinge in Eleusine and after in Trasie he mynded to assaye yf they durst comme to rayse the siege from before Acarne consideryâ—g also that the place was very propyce and mete for to lodge soiourne hys campe Also he thought that they of the towne that were well the thyrde parte oâ— Athenes for there were thre thousande all men of warre wolde not suffer tâ—em wyllyngly to waste theyr terrytorye for that cause all together wolde câ—mme fourth aswell from Athenes as from Acarne for to geue them battayle And yf they came not fourthe that than men might from thence forwardes with lesse feare waste and burne all the territory of Athens And comme to the walles of the towne For whan the Acarnes shulde haue sene all theyr lande wasted and theyr goodes lost they shulde not be so determyned nor so ready to put theÌ„selfe in daunger for to kepe the landes and the goodes of other And by thys meane they shulde be of dyuers opynyons Suche was the fantasye of Archidamus beynge before Acarne But the Athenyans whyles the ennemys were aboutes Eleusine and in the lande of Triasie they hadde some opynyon that they wolde passe no further For that that they remembred that .xiiii. yeares before the warre Plistonactus sonne of Pausanias kynge of Lacedemonyans beynge entred into the lande of Athenes wyth the hoste of Peloponesyans whan he was come to the
than to bewayle them For if youe regarded the dyuers daungers of deathe whereunto the infantes be subiectes so longe as they be nourished those arne mooste happy vnto whome the more honnorable happenethe as thies here haue bene And youe likewyse coulde not mourne more gloryous thoughe that I knowe very well that it is ryght harde to perswade youe that youe shulde not feele the heuynes and dysplaisir always as youe shall remember them by the prosperytie that youe shall see of othere of whome in tymes paste ye reioysed in lyke case And whan youe shall consyder that they be depryued not onely frome hope of goodes whyche they shuld paraduenture neuer haue enioyed but of those same that they had longe enioyed youe must alwayes patientely indure yt And comforte youreselfeâ— wyth hope that youe haue to haue more chyldrenne youe that are in age for to haue them For that that by the more chyâ—drene that they shal haue hereafter youe shal be caused to forgette the mournynge of them here that be deade and shalle sarue the commone wealthe in twoo manners that ys that they shall not leaue yt desolate and also shall kepe yt in suertie For somuch as they that putte fourthe theire chyldrenne to daungers for the common wealth as those haue done that haue lost thairs in this warre maye geue better counsaylle and more raysonnable than they that haue not done yt And as touchinge the othere amonge youe that be so aged that they haue no more hope to haue chyldrenne somuche the more they oughte to be contente and to comforte themselfe to haue had this aduauntaige aboue the othere as to haue lyued so longe in prosperitie and that they shal passe the remenant of th aire lyfe whych could not be longe yet more swetely for the glory of them here For the desyre of honnoure ys the onely thynge that bryngethe not age And as some saye there ys nothynge that the people desyre somuche in thair age as to be honnored Concerninge them amonge youe that be childrene and brotherne of them that be here deade I see youe to be conuyued vnto a tourney whiche ys ryghte harde For there is no man that praisethe not with woordes the vertue of theym that be deade In soorte that youe that remayne for any valyauntnes that ys in youe shal be skarcely iudged egall vnto theym but rathere shal be iudged to be inferyours for that that amonge the lyuynge there be alwayes enmytyes Butt after that a man ys deade euery man wyth one accoâ—â—â— frendly praysethe hys vertue And thoughe it be nedefull that I nowe speake some thynge of the vertue the of women that presently remayne wydowes I wolle conclude the whole by a very shorte exhortatyon That ys that youe oughte to holde for great glorye nott to be more frayle than the successe importeth nothere suche as men ought opeÌ„ly to make one onely meÌ„tyoÌ„ of your vertue or of your blame Now haue I in this my preaching oratioÌ„ that hath bene enioyned me by vertue and authoryte of our lawes sayde rehersed all the things that haue semed to me to be vtile profitable And they that haue bene here buryed haue bene honored with dede more than with wordes whose children the cytie shal nourish if they be yonge and within the age of pubertie or orphancie for to geue and set fourth a prays and a profytable rewarde both to them whych be dead for thair faithful seruice also to other that shall herafter dye for like quarel For euery man forceth hymselfe willingly and with good harte to acquyre that that is ordonned and iudged by comon decree as a suffycient remuneratioÌ„ and rewarde of the vertue It resteth sithens that euery one of youe hath suffyciently bewayled and honnored in mournynge his neighbours parentes allyes and frendes that youe retire and withdrawe youe all into your houses In this manner and solempnitie the exequies and funeralls were celebrated at Athens the winter whiche was the ende of the furst yeare of the warre ¶ Of the pestilâ—nce that was in the cytie and lande of Athenyans wyth the exploictes of warre that were done of the one syde and of the other And of the despayer wher in the Athenyans were fallen ☞ The .viii. Chapter THe sommer folowinge the Peloponesyans and thair allyes entred agayne into the lande of Athenes by two partes so as they had done the sommer preceding vnder the conduct of Archidamus king of Lacedemonyens And hauinge planted thair campe pillaiged and wasted all the couÌ„trey And an one after that they were therin entred ther soubdainely came vpon the Athenyans a pestilence which furst had bene as men saye in the cytie of Lemne in many other places But there was neuer sene in place of the world so greate contagyousnes nor wherof so many people dyed And the phisicyans could not therin ministre remedy nother from the begynnynge knewe nothinge therin so that many among theÌ„ therof dyed chiefly those that went to visitt the sicke Also in lyke manner men founde no remedy by vowes by diuinations nor by any suche meanes as they vsed For in effecte all did nothing sarue or auaile By meane whereof whan the people were attaincted or infected they lefte al the said remedies And the same pestilence biganne as it is sayde in the countrey of Ethiope that is aboue Egypte Afterwardes it desceÌ„ded into Egipt into Libie and extended yt self greatly into the landes seignyories of the kyng of Persie And from thence yt came incontynently to Athenes and biganne in Pyrens By meane wherof they of the towne thought at begynnynge that the PeloponesiaÌ„s had impoysonned thair countrey for that that they yet had not any fountaynes Sone after it passed into the hedde cytie Fromthens it spred maruailously ouer all Wherof I am right willinge here to speake to thintente that euery one that hath skille of phisicke or that knowith nothinge therof declare if it be possible to vnderstande wherof the same might chauce and what mighte be the causes vehement ynough for to pâ—â—â—uce and bringe fourth so soubdaynely one so greate mutacion and change As to touchinge my selfe I woll well shewe howe it happened And woll declare the thing of the sort that euery one that shal se that which I wryte if any suche chaunce chaunced an other tyme maybe aduertised shall not be ignorante For I speake as hauinge knowlaige insomuche as I my selfe haue had this sickenes and sene them that hadde yt And it is to be knowin that the same yeare precedinge and goinge bifore was aboue all other exempted froÌ„ all other maladies And to them that were infected with other sickenes yt tourned into this selfe same And those that were in full helth founde theÌ„ soubdainly taken without that there was any cause precedinge that might be knowin And furste they felte a great heate in the hedde whereby their eyes became redde and inflamed And withinfourthe their tongue and
thousande sixe houndred men was departed froÌ„thence left theÌ„ that he had fouÌ„de at the siege of Potydee retourned vnto Athenes hauing lost a thousande fourty fotemen of the foure thousande that he had charged at Athenes All deade of the pestilence The self same soÌ„mer the Peloponesyans came agayne yet an other time into the couÌ„trey of Athenes And atteigned to wast yâ— which was abyding there of the furst voyage Whervpon the Athenians seing theÌ„selues so oppressed with out by warre wtin by pestylence beganne to chauÌ„ge opynyon tosâ—â—aunder speake euill of Pericles saying that he had bene author of the warre that he was cause of al theyr myschefes So they bente theÌ„self agreed to requyre peace of the Lacedemonians but after that there were many messengers sente of the one syde of thother they coulde not take any resolution By occasyon wherof not knowing what more to do in their case they yet agayn charged more soore Pericles who perceiuing that they were astonied of the estate wherein their affayres were for that time very euill that they dyd all that whiche he had foresene froÌ„ beginning being yet in his office of Capitayne pretor or chief of the armye caused them all to assemble exhorted them to hope better parforcing him self to reduce their anger vnto coÌ„tentacyon and theyr feare vnto confydence So he speaketh vnto them in this manner The narration and proposition of Pericles to the people of Athenes for to appayse and to exhorte them to poursue and followe the warre and to endure the presente incommodyties ☞ The nynth Chapter THe anger and desplaysir that youe haue agaynste me at thys present is not otherwise chaunced thaÌ„ I haue thought before For I do well vnderstande the causes whereof it proceadeth And thâ—rfore I am well wyllyng to cause youe here to assemble for to reduce some thinges to youre remembraunce and also to complayne of youe yf youe wrongefully and wythoute cause be angry against me or yf you do leese your hartes and courage in aduersites And as concernyng myself I esteme and iudge that the cytezeins be better in particuler whan all the cytye is in good estate than whan all the citezeins particulerly be well and the common welt he is lost For that that whan the common estate is destroyed he that is well in hys particular is no lesse destroyed than the other And by the contrary yf he haue any euil in hys particularite he saueth hymself with the common prosperite And forsomuche as whan it happeneth that the publique welthe may suffer thaduersytes of particulers but the particulers can not remedye them of the commonaltie Is it not more reasonable al together to helpe it than to habandone and leue it by faylynge of harte and by impacyence in particular aduersites lyke as youe presently do And yf youe blame me sayinge that I gaue you counsaylle to enter into thys warre that doinge youe blame lykewyse yourself that haue followed my counsayle Be not therfore angry agayne one suche a man as I am before whome in my conceite youe ought not to preferre any other Be it for to knowe that which is nedefull or for to execute it nor also that hath more loue vnto the cytie and that can be lesse corrupte wyth monney All whiche thynges be requisite for a good cytezeine For he that vnderstandeth thinges and doth them not that is asmuche as yf he dyd not vndeâ—stande them And though that he haue bothe yet yf he be not affectioned to the common welthe he shall say nothynge that generally maye profyte And be it that he haue the thyrde yet yf he wol be corrupte there is nothyng that he selleth not Wherforâ— my Lordes yf you knowynge all these thynges to be meanely in my parsone haue trusted in me before all other for thys warre you blame me nowe wrongfullye For as it is fâ—lly to desyre warre when men be in prosperytye euen lykewyse whan they be forced ayther to subiecte themselues incontinently to theyr neyghbours or to do that that they coÌ„maunde them or ells to take the hazarte of warre for to kepe theyr lybertye in hopynge the victory they that in thys case lose theyr courage vertue be muche more to be blaymedde And as touchynge my self I am alwayes of the opynyon that I haue bene and I wyll not change it And though that you do wauer yet it is full certayne that at beginning ye were all of my aduyse But sythens the euyls be come vpon you ye do repent And measuryng and iudging my reasone after your imbecillite and weakenes ye fynde it nowe euyl For that that hytherto euery one hath feeled the troubles and incoÌ„modites of the warre and that the common vtilite is not yet apparaunte By occasyon whereof youe arne so greately chaunged for thynges of small importaunce that youre harte nowe begynneth to shrinke and to fayle you And youe haue not vertue and power to indure the thyngs that you haue determyned to indure Also that chauÌ„ceth commonly that the thynges which happen sodainly vnthought on do abate mens courage Lyke as it hath chaunced vs in oure aduersities specially as touchyng the pestilence And yet neuertheles hauinge one so great so noble citie in the which we haue bene so well nourished and indoctryned we oughte not to leese our couraige for incommodites that might happen howe great soeuer they were nother yet lose our reputacion and renomme For lyke as men do hate the man that affecteth or purchaseth by ambition and presumption the honoure and glory that apperteygneth not vnto him ryght so they blame hym the loseth the honnour and the glorye that he hadde Wherfore Lordes we oughte forgettynge the particuler dolours and passyons to defende the generall lybertye And notwythstandyng thys that I haue oftentymes before declared vnto you that they whiche feare that thys warre shulde be longe and daungerous that we shuld haue the woorse at the ende be in errour yet I woll gladly at this present declare vnto you a thynge of the whiche me thinketh youe haue neuer thought although that you haue it I meane touchynge the greatenes â—f your empyre and seignyory wherof I haue not bene wyllynge to speake in my former proposytions and narrations nother I wolde haue â—poken it now for that that it semeth to conteigne some spyce or kynde of boastyng yf that I hadde not sene you astonyed agaynst reasone It is that you thynke that youre empyre seygniory doth not extende it selfe but ouer youre allyes But I aduertyse youe that of two partes of the lande and of the sea that be in the vse of men youe haue fully the halfe in youre power I meane so farre as youe arne willyng to vse it And yf you wolde enterpryse further youe shulde haue it at youre pleasure For there is not at thys daye kyng nor natyon vpon the earthe that can empesche and let youre nauygatyon into
not that any woulde come to assaile them in their porte And so they ordeyned that euery of the marōners with an oare and a lyne wherwith men bynde them and a skynne of that same whereupon they lye wtin the shipp shulde go by lande frome Corinthe vntill the sea that is foranempste Athens And fromthence they shuld go all togither to Megare with moste diligence that they mighte And oute of the place of Nysee where is the hauenne of Megarians they shuld toawe fourty galleys in the whiche they shulde go soubdainely againste the sayde poorte of Pyreus wherin were no shippes and there was also no greate watche for that that the Athenyans neuer doubted thereof For it neuer chaunced that any shippe dyd aboorde there openly or secretly that was not parceyuedde Hauinge than the Peloponesyans well preparedde their case they toke their iourney And beinge by nighte arryuedde at Nysee they embarqued themselues vpon the shyppes that they founde there and raysed vppe their sayles for to sayle towardes Pyreus Wythout hauynge any more feare of anye manner of thynge But they hadde as it is sayde the wynde somewhat contrary Nowe was there vpon the promontorie whyche is agaynste Salamyne on the coste of Megare a bastillion which certayne souldyours Athenyās did kepe and in the sea benethe them thre galleys whych was there to empesche and lett that nothynge shulde enter nor issue fourth from the towne of Megare The whyche bastillion the Peloponesyans assaulted and at the arryuall dyd take the thre galeys whyche they founde empty and caryedde them awaye Afterwardes all at one tyme one partie amongeste them entred into Salamyne bifore that it was parceyued and dydde pillage yt But in the meane tyme they that were wythin the bastillion whyche yet defendedde themselfe didde kyndle lyers for to make signes to them of Athenes that the ennemys were comme whereof the Athenyans were somuche or more afraide than of any other thing that happenedde vnto them in all this warre For they that were in the cytie thought that Pyreus had bene already takē And they that were in Pyreus reconed the Salamyne being taken there rested nothing but that thennemis wold come also to take them whiche thing they mighte easely haue done if they had not bene empesched by the wynde and kepte backe by feare But durynge this at the dawninge of the daye all the people of Athens issued fourth on a heape and toke their ships that were at Pireus after that they were embarqued they sailed towardes Salamyne with the moste diligence that they coulde leuinge a good nomber of fotemen within Pyreus Whan the Peloponesians parceyuedde their comminge they aduaunced themselfe to wythdrawe their butyne pray and the prisonners of Salamyne into their shippes And that done with the thre ships that they had takenne in the poorte of the castelle of Budore they retourned to Nysee For they didde not assure themself well in thair shipps for that that they had bene longe on drye ground in the hauen wherfore they thought that they were not for to indure well the sea And after that they were descended at Nysee they returned by lande to Megare And fromthence to Corynthe On the othere syde whan the Athenyans were arryued at Salamyne seing that the ennemys were nowe departed they retourned likewyse vnto Athenes And fromthence fourthwardes they fournished better their poorte of Pyreus aswel with closure as with defence or watche Howe Sitalces kinge of Odrisiens entred the countrey of Macedonie for to conquerre it from the kinge Perdiccas and howe he came agayne withoute doinge any great feate ☞ The .xix. Chapter IN that same saisonne aboutes begynnynge of winter Sitalces Odrisien sonne of Tereus kynge of Thracyens enterprysed warre against Perdiccas sonne of Alexander kynge of Macedonie and againste the Chalcydyans that be in Thrace by occasyon of twoo promyses that the said Perdiccas had made vnto him whiche he did not obserue The one for his name proffytt and the other in fauour of the Atheniēs For the same Perdiccas being in great extremyte for that that on the one syde Philippe his brother wolde haue chased hym out of his roiaulme with the helpe of the said Sitalces and on the other the Athenyans were mynded to moue warre againste him he promysed to Sitalces many things if he made the appoinctmēt bitwene him and the sayd Athenians gaue no ayde to Phillip his brother against him And moreouer in makyng of the sayd appoinctment with the Athenyans the sayd Sitalces had promysed thē that the said Perdiccas shuld make warre against the Chalcidiās which thing Perdiccas had ratefied yet had not done yt For thies two quarels than Sitalces enterprised the warre And led with him Amyntas sonne of Philippe for to restore hym to the roiaulme togiders with Thambassadours of the Athenians Of whome Agnon ys chiefe that were sente thiderfor this cause For also they hadde agrede with Sitalces to sende immedyatly their armye by sea and by lande agayste the Chalcydyans For to execute than thys enterprise Sitalces assembled wyth the Odrisians all the Thracyens Ouer whome he ruled whiche be bitwene the mount Emon and the mount of Rodope of the coste of the lande And the bridge of Euxin and Helles bridge on the sea coste And afterwardes the Getes and the other that be beyonde the sayd moun◠Emon and on thisside the ryuer of Ister drawinge towardes the bridge Euxin whyche border vnto the Scytes and lyue as they the more parte Archers on horsbacke whiche we calle Hippotoxotes or Stradiotes Besides this he assembled the people of the mountaignes of Thrace whiche lyue in libertie do were their sweardes at their girdell and cause themself to be called goddes togiders with many of thinhabitātes of Rhodope which folowed him partly for wages partly for curyosite desire to se the warre He caused moreouer to come the Agrians the Leens and the other Peoniens which be at the furder ende of his empier seigniorie vntill the Greens to the ryuer of Strymone whych descendeth frō the mount Scomie through the countrey of Leens and of Greens whiche ryuer maketh the lymytt of his roioulme And fromthence he toke some other free people whyche inhabytte nighe the sayde mounte Scomie on the North syde drawynge towardes the weste vntyll the ryuer of Ostius whiche yssueth oute of the same mountaigne Fromwhence runne Nestus and Ebrus the whiche mountayne is vntilled barreyne not inhabyted nygh ynough vnto Rhodope And for to determyne the greatnes of the empyre and royaulme of Odrysyans it extendeth from the citye of Abderyans which is nygh the brydge Euxin vnto the ryuer of Ister And in that same parte where was the moste straicte on the sea syde in a shyppe hauynge alwayes a good wynde in foure dayes and foure nyghtes and by lande in the most strayghte which is from the Abderyans vntyll the ryuer of Ister A
had not foote men to matche wyth the Thracyans they assembled certayne good nomber of horsemen of theyr neyghbours which dwelled in the mouÌ„taignes And although that they were in much lesse nomber than the ennemys yet they came to assaylle them And on that syde where they charged vpon them nothynge abodde them For they were good warryours and well armed But beynge sone enuyroned by the greate nomber althoughe that they for a certayne space defended themselues yet seyng that aâ— lengthe they coulde not resiste agaynst so greate a nomber they retyred and in that conflicte Sytalces dyd speake vnto Perdicas and shewed hym the causes for whiche he made warre agaynste hym After that Sytalces seynge that the Athenyans were not come wyth theyr armye by sea lyke as they had promysed but onely had sente towardes hym theyr Ambassadours with certayne guistes thinkynge that he shulde not haue enterprysed nor executed that same warre sente one parte of hys armye into the quarter of Bottiens and one other into the same of Chalcydians who perceyuing the comminge of thennemyes were retyred into theyr townes and suffred them to waste and pyllage theyr countrey And he beynge in the same quarter the Thessalyans that inhabyt on the southe syde the Magnetes and the other that be vnder the Empyre of the sayde Thracyans Ioynynge to Thermopyles fearynge that he woulde come vpon them putt them selues in armure And lykewyse they that inhabyted in the plat countreye beyonde the mounte Strymon on the southe syde and also the Panyans the Odonians the Droyans and the Dersians all whiche be people lyuynge in lybertye And of the other parte the bruyte was amonge the Grekes ennemyes of Athenyans that the same Sytalces for the allyance that he hadde wyth the same Athenyans had vnder couloure of that warre of Macedonie assembled that armye for to come agaynste them in fauor of the sayde Athenyans Wherevpon the sayde Sytalces parceyuynge that he came not to the ende of that which he had enterprysed and dyd nothynge but waste the countrey wythoute conquerynge it also that victuailes fayled hym and that wynter drewe nyghe by the counsayle and perswatyon of Senthes sonne of Spardocus who was hys cousynne Germayne and the chyefe and most puyssant of hys armye next hymselfe determyned to retourne assonne as he coulde Nowe had Perdicas gotten secretely the sayde Senthes to be hys frende by meane that he had promysed to geue hys suster vnto hym in maryage togeders wyth a greate somme of monneye By this meane than Sitalces after that he had taryed .xxx. dayes and no more in the couÌ„treye of the enemies wherof he had consumed .viii. whole entier daies in the countreye of Chalcyde he retourned into hys royaulme wyth hys armie Aâ—d anone after Perdicas insuynge hys promys dyd geue Stratonice hys suster vnto Senthes in maryage The enterpryse of Sytalces dyd take such yssue and effecte Of certayne exploites of warre that Phormyo dyd in the countrey of Acarnanie and of the begynnyng of the same countrey ☞ The .xx. Chapter IN that self same wynter whereof we speake after tharmye by sea of the Peloponesians was retyred and disseuered Phormyo with the people that he had at Naupacte in armes sailled towardes Astace beynge there arryued sett on lande thre houndred of hys maroners all armed wyth asmany Messenians with whome he entred into the countrey mediterraine of Acarnanie And oute of the townes of Strate of Coronte and out of many other he chased the inhabytantes that semed vnto hym to be affectioned or partyes wyth the Peloponesyans And after that he had sett agayne Cynetes sonne of Theolyte within Coronte he retourned into hys shyppes with hys people and durste not go agaynste the Oeniades who onely amongest the Acarnanyans had alwayes bene ennemyes of the Athenyans For feare that he had to demoure and tary there in wynter seasonne For that that the ryuer of Achilous which descendeth out of the mount Pyndus and passeth by the Dolopyans by the Amphilochiens by the plat countrey of Acarnanie and through the cytye of Strate and after by the countrey of Oeniades and than commeth to descende into the sea retourneth ryght agaynste the towne of the sayde Deniades In such sorte that the countrey there is almoste not habytable in wynter for men of warre By cause of the contynuall crekes and washynges away of the earthe that it causeth And also there be dyrectly agaynste the regyon of Oeniades certayne of the Isles Eschinadians whiche be very lytle dyfferente frome the ouerflowynges of Achelous For by the earth that the ryuer whiche cometh frome the mountaygnes as it were a floude doth carye thyder some of the same do ioygne vnto the mayne lande and the people of the countreye do beleue that by successyon of tyme they so shall ioygne togeder For that that it oftentymes reygneth there whereby the ryuer groweth very grosse which caryeth alway a great quantyte of sande Also the Isles there be very thicke or nygh ioyned togeder so that well nyghe the one maigneteygneth the other togeder by meanes of the refuse that the ryuer bringeth thyder not by order in a range For than the force of the ryuer wolde breake it But one tyme in one place an other tyme in an other so that men coulde skarcely departe frome the same Isles into the sea and also they be small rude and deserte And it is sayd that whaÌ„ Alcmeon sonne of Amphiaraus had slayne hys mother beynge by contynuall tourment of horryble visions constrained to wander through the worlde and coulde not arreste in any parte he was admonyshed by the oracle aunswere of the God Apollo to go to inhabyte in that laÌ„de For the said oracle aunswered hiÌ„ in thys manner that he shulde neuer be delyuered from those fearefull vysyons vntyll that tyme that he had founde for to inhabite the regyon that hadde not bene sene of the sonne that had not bene lande before the death of hys mother For that that all other lande was prophane vnto hym accursed for the mysdede of murder that he had comytted in the parsone of hys mother Who after that he had longe studyed howe that he might fynde thys lande aduysed with himself that iâ—â— was the ouerflowinges of Achelous In which place after the death of hys mother was increased by the alluuyons or ouerwashynges lande ynoughe for hys habytacioÌ„ besydes that which was there before by meanes that he had now erred wandred aboutes a longe tyme after the death of hys mother And so he inhabyted raigned there nygh vnto the quarter where be at thys presente the Oeniades And by cause of hys sonne named Acarnanus he called that regyoÌ„ Acarnanie Thys is that which we haue vnderstaÌ„ded of AlcmeoÌ„ And for to retourne to our hystorye Phormion being with the Athenians that he brought agayne out of the countrey of Acarnanie vnto Naupacte went in the beginning of the fyrste spring
bekens By meane wherof they were in playne sight by light of the sayd bekens also it did let theÌ„ to see the other that were on the other syde wherupon beinge by occasion hereof in faire sight and also that they were vpon the syde of the diche in discouert they that were wtin did repoulse theÌ„ with force of dartes so did hurt many Thus they all did passe the diche though with greate difficultie for that the water was halfe frosen so that ther were great flakes of Isse And also it coulde not beare theÌ„ that was by meane of the south wynde that had thawed it It rayned also by reason wherof the water was so increased that it came in a manner vnto their chynne And they pourpously had chosen yâ— same tyme. After that they had passed the dyche lockyng or ioygninge theÌ„self togiders they toke the way that leadeth to Thebes leauing on the side of the right hande the sepulcre of Andocratus And this they dyd consideringe that the Peloponesians wolde neuer thinke that they wolde take that same way that did leade vnto their ennemys and also for that they did see that the said Peloponesians had lighte wyth fyers and beakens all full vpoÌ„ the way towardes Athens But after that they had gone sixe or seueÌ„ stades towardes Thebes they lefte that way and toke on the syde the way that goithe to the mountaigne of Erithre and of Nysie and throughe that countrey of mouÌ„taignes they came vnto Athenes and were two houndredde and twelue in all For the other seinge the difficultie retyred into the towne of Platee excepte one that was slayn in the dyche The Peloponesyans after that the bruyt was paste retyred euery one vnto his lodginge in the campe And as touchinge them of the towne they knewe not if their compaignyons were in saulftie or not And for that that they of their bende that were retourned had saied that they were all deade they sente whan yt was daye their Heraulte towardes them of the siege for to haue the deade bodys but vnderstandinge that they were saulfe they made no furthere poursute In this manner parte of them that were within the towne of Platee did passe all the fortes and rampares of the ennemyes and saued themselues How the Mytilenians for fault of not being succoured in time as the Pelopooesians had promysed did render themself to the Athenians and the determynation that was made by those Athenyans to kylle them all togider with certaine other thinges that were done in the same tyme by the people of the one partie and of the other ☞ The .v. Chapter ABoute the ende of that same wynter the Lacedemonyans did send in a light galley one Salethus vnto Mytylene who beinge landed at Pyreus came a fote well nighe vnto the campe and entred by nyght into the towne through the shallowe of a streame which passed ouerthwart the rampers of thennemys wherof he was aduertysed And he did signefie vnto the princypaleste and chiefest of the towne that he was comme to aduertise them howe the Lacedemonyans and other confederates shulde shortly enter in armes into the lande of Athens and to sende them foorty shippes to their succours as it was ordeynedde and moreouer to prouyde in the meane tyme with theÌ„ in that that was to be done in the cytie By meane whereof the MytilenyaÌ„s were slacke or retarded to make any appoinctement with the Athenyans And so passed the fourth yeare of this warre In the beginning of the sommer following the Peloponesians sendinge Alcidas their Capytayne general by sea wyth forty shippes for to succour the Mytylenyans they wyth their confederates entred a freshe into the lande of Athens to thintent that Thathenyans seinge themselfe assayled and thronged on both sides shulde haue lesse occasion to sende renforte or newe strength by sea to the siege of Mytylene And of that army by land Cleomenes was chief in the name and as tutor of Pausantas sonne of Plistenactus hys yonger brother in years than kyng of the Lacedemonyans In whiche coÌ„myng they destroyed afressh yâ— that was encreased agayn newly spronge in the countreys that they had wasted the yeares preceadinge And moreouer all the quartiers where they neuer had touched bifore By meanes whereof the same entry was more greuous to the Athenyans than all the other bifore excepte the seconde For somuche as the ennemys attendinge newes that their armye by sea had done some greate exploicte in the Isle of Lesbos where they thought it was than arryued they dydde pillage and destroye alle asmuche as they founde before them But vnderstanding afterwardes that their enterprise of Lesbos failled hauinge also lacke of victuailes they retourned euery one into his quartier In this meane tyme the Mytileniens seing that the succours of the PeloponesiaÌ„s came not and that the victuailes failed them they were constrayned to take appoinctement with the Athenians wherof Salethus himself was the cause who lokinge no more for the said succours caused the armure to be delyuered to the people of the towne whyche had not yet bifore borne them to the intent to cause them to issue fourthe vpon Thathenyans And whan they had receyued the armure they wolde no lenger obey the officers but they made greate assemblies came to the gouernours and riche people of the towne sayinge that they would that all the goodes and victuailes shulde be putt in commone and parted by the hedde and that if they so dyd nott they wolde delyuer the towne vnto the Athenyans whych sene by the said gouernours and principallest and fearing that the comon people shulde make an appoinctement a parte withoute includinge them therin whiche thinge they might do at their will for that they were the stroÌ„ger they made all togiders their appoinctement wyth Paches and the Athenyans vpon this condition that they shulde receyue tharmye into the cytie and sende their Ambassadours vnto the AthenyaÌ„s to requyre grace coÌ„myttinge into their wille and discretion the satisfaction and amendes that those MytylenyeÌ„s had to make for their offence And this during vntill thaunswere were comme from Athens it shulde not be laufull to the said Paches to kylle bynde nor take prysonner any of the Citezeins whiche appoinctement notwithstandinge they that had bene the principallest conductours of the reuolte or rebellyon after that the hoste was entred into the towne they withdrew themselfe into the temples for franchise sanctuary whome Paches did finde a manner to cause to coÌ„me fromthence and sent them into the Isle of Tenedon vntill that he had thaunswere froÌ„ Athenes And after he sente a certayne nomber of galleis vnto Antisse whiche reÌ„dred itselfe vnto his wylle And further he ordened touchinge the hooste as he thought good In thies entrefaâ—ctes the forty ships with the Peloponesians that shuld come to the succours of the said Mytyleniens kepte theÌ„self longe in secret about Peloponese also vsed very small
two yeares longe which was the thinge that most enfeabled and destroyed the power of the Athenyans For their dyed of that pestilence more than fore thousande and foore houndred fighters wyth ordenance and thre houndred horsemen besides the remenant of the people that was innumerable There was also greate Earthquaks at many tymes aswell in Athens as in Eubee and likewise in the countrey of Beoce but aboue all in Orâ—homenia In that self wynter the Athenyans that were yet in Sycile the Rhegins wyth their thirty ships inuaded the Isles that be called the Isles of Eolus for that that in sommer tyme men mighte not passe there for that there was no freshe water And the same Isles be inhabited wyth LipariaÌ„s that were of the countrey of Cnydus But pryncipally they kepte themself in one of the same that is called Lipare whyche is not very greate And froÌ„thence they passed to the othere to wytt Dydymus Strongilus and Hierus for to laboure and sowe them In whyche Isle of Hierus the people of the countrey bileuedde that Uulcanus dwelled and vsed hys forge Forsomuche as in the nighte meâ— might see a great flambe of fyer to aryse and in the day a greate smoke All whiche Isles be situated in the coste of Sycile and of the lande Missena and they dyd than take parte wyth the Siracusains By reasone wherof the sayd Athenyans and Rhegins wente to ouercomme them And seing that they would not geue vp they destroyed all their landes Afterwards they returned vnto Rhege And it was the fyfth yeare of the warre that Thucidides hathe wryttonne At begynnynge of the sommer followynge the Peloponesians their allyes made a freshhe their assemblie for to enter into the countrey of the Athenyans came vnto the destreate of Peloponese vnder the conducte of Agide sonne of Archidamus kinge of Lacedemonyans But parceyuynge the earthquakes that daylye chaunced they retyred wythout entrynge into the sayd countrey whyche earthquakes were so greate that in the countrey of Eubeus the sea did so strongelye checke and beate aboute the towne of Orobie that it ouerflowedde all the lowe parte of the towne And although that it wythdrewe afterwardes froÌ„ one parte therof yet it remayned in an othere parte and euersens hath remayned there By whiche ouerflowyng all the inhabitantes of that same towne were drownedde and peryshed Those resaruedde that founde the meane to wythdrawe themself into the height of the cytie and the like alluuioÌ„ and ouerflowing happened in the Isle of Atalantus nighe vnto the lande of Locriens In the whcih a castell that the Athenyans there had was in parte ouerflowed beaten downe And of two shippes that were there in the poorte the one was clerelye frushedde in pieceas And likewyse vnto the towne of Paperethus there came a goulphe of the sea yett wythoute annye Earthquake and ouerflowynge that dydde beate downe one parte of the walle togider wyth the paiais and many othere howses Of the whyche alâ—â—â—yons and ouerflowynges the Eearthquakes as I thynke were the cause For on that syde where it moste troubledde and quaked yt chasedde and repulsed the sea from it whyche retournynge agayne wyth greate force and violence caused the allnuyons and ouerflowynges In the same sommer many exploictes of warre were donne in Sycille aswell by the straungers as by them of the countrey and chiefly by the Athenyans and their allyes wherof the mosâ—e notable and those that I haue had knowlaige of were that Chariades duke of Athenyans beinge slayne in battaile by the Syracusians Laches who was capytaine of the shippes went with hys people againste the towne of Mylus in the countrey of Messanyens in whiche he hadde twoo compaignies of Messanyens whyche hauynge made twoo embushementes agaynste the sayde Athenyans and theire allyes weere repoulsedde and putte to flight And manye of theyme slayne wherewyth they of the towne were so afrayde that the sayde Athenyans and theire allyes comminge bifore that same towne they fell to a composition By whyche they rendredde the Castell And promysedde to sarue and ayde agaynste them of Messane whyche Messanyens parceyuing that power to coÌ„me against them rendredde theymselfe likewyse by composition Geuynge hostages and all othere manner of suertye In the same sommer the Athenyans sent .xxx. shyppes aboute the countrey of Peloponese vnder conducte of Demosthenes sonne of Alcisteins and of Procles sonne of Theodorus And three skoore other they sente agaynst the Isle of Melus wyth two thousande souldyars vnder conducte of Nycias sonne of Nyceratus for that the Melyans refusedde to obey to those Athenyans and to contribute to their warres And soo they constraignedde theym to comme thider by composytion after that they hadde destroyed theire landes And fromthence they passedde into Orope whyche is appositt and foranempste the sayde Isle in mayne lande In whyche place beinge arryuedde at the entrynge of the night they came all in armure out of their ships and went agaynste the cytie of Tanagre in the countrey of Beoce Into whyche place came oâ— thoder syde euenne at one tyme all the people of Athenes vnder conducte of Hipponicus sonne of Callias and of Eurymedon sonne of Thuclesâ— who beinge all ioynned togider planted their campe bifore the towne where they dydde abyde that same daye and dydde all kyndes of euylls in the countrey and rounde aboute yt And the morowe after they of the towne issuinge fourthe wyth ceâ—tayne succour that was comme to them from Theme they repoulsed theyme shamefully and slew a great nomber of them And of the harnes that they toke from theyme they raysed vp a tokene of victory bifore the towne Afterwardes they retourned thider fromwhens they came to wit the one to the shippes the othere to the cytie And they that retournedde to the shippes after that they had pyllaged the sea coasts in the couÌ„trey of Locryans they retourned into their quarter In that same time the LacedemonyaÌ„s did build the cytie of Heracleus in the countrey of Trachinieâ— and peopled it wyth their people for this occasion The Mylyens be deuyded into thre partes wherof the one be the ParalyeÌ„s the other the Hyeryens and the thirde the Thrachynyens Against which Thrachynynes the Oetes theire neyghboures hauynge warre they were frome the begynnynge of opynyon to call the Athenyans to theire ayde But not trustinge assuredly vnto them they sente lykewyse to the Lacedemonyans Tisamenus their ambassadour with whoÌ„ they of Dorie which is the Metripolytain cytie of the Lacedemonians sente asso theyr Ambassade for that they also were vexed and troubled by the saide Oetys The Lacedemonyans hauynge thaÌ„ harde that same Ambassade determyned to sende of theyr people for to buylde the sayde habytacion aswel for defence of the sayde Trachiniens Doriens as also for that it semed to them that it shulde be muche commodious for the
temples of Athens were those whiche Demosthenes alone had for his parte whyche he dyd geue after that he was retourned whych thing he dydde more assuredly by meanes of that victorye than he durste haue done bifore by cause of the ouerthrowe that he had hadde in Etholie After that the twenty galleys of the Athenyans were retourned to Naupacte and Demosthenes wyth the bende vnto Athens the Acarnanyans and the Amphilochâ—aÌ„s made appoinctement wyth the Ambracyans by meane of Salynthius kinge of Agriens for an houndred yeares to comme and gaue suertie to the Peloponesians that were retyred into Agride confusedly or myngled togyders with the Ambracyans for to retourne And the fourme of the appoinctmente was thisâ— that the said AmbracyaÌ„s shuld not be bounde to make warre with the AcarnanyaÌ„s against the Peloponesians Nor the AcarnanyaÌ„s with the Ambracyans against the Athenyans But only they were bound to ayde themself the one the other for the defence of their lande alonely moreouer that the Ambracyans shuld rendre restore to the Amphilochiens all the townes and landes that they helde of theirs that they shulde not geue any ayde supportacion or fauour to the AnactoriaÌ„s who were ennemys of the Acarnanyans Upon thys condition they ceased from warre on the one syde and on the other Anone after arryued Xenoclides sonne of Entycles with thre houÌ„dred men that the Corinthians had sent to succoâ—r the sayd Aâ—bracyans who with greate difficultie had passed through the couÌ„trey of Epyre. Thus passed the things that were done at Ambracie In that same wynter the Athenyans that were in Sycille being landed and entred into Hiemereus on the sea syde and the Sycilyans on the coste of the mountaignes and hauyng there made somme bowtie and praye and fromthence hauynge passedde by the Isles Eolydes they came agayne to Rhege In whych place they founde Pythodorus whome the Athenyans had sent for to be Capytaynes of that same thair army in stede of Laches For the souldyars Athenyans that were in that same armye and also the Sicilians that were with them had demaunded of the Athenians greater succours for that that the Syracusains beynge mightyer than they by lande yt were necessarie that they shulde be soo mightye by sea that they might defende themselfe frome beynge ouâ—traged For this cause the Athenyans had charged foortyshipps with men for to send thider thinkinge that that same warre shuld be the soner fynyshed Whereof they had onely sente one lesser parte bifore by Pythodorus for to see and vnderstande the estate of causes after they shuld sende hym Syphocles sonne of Sestratides with the remnaunte Beynge than Pythodorus arryued and hauynge takene the charge of the armye he wente froÌ„ thens to succour the cytie of Locres which Laches had taken But he was encoÌ„tred and vainquished by the Locryens so retourned The furst sprynge tyme ensuinge the fyer yssued out of the mountayne of Ethna which is the greatest that ys in Sycille lyke as it had oftentimes done in tymes passedde and yt burnedde a litle of the terrytory of Catagna which is situated vnder the said mountaigne And by that that the people of the conntrey did say yt was fyftie yeares passedde sens the fyer came fourth in that same sorte And yt was the thirde tyme in all that that had chaunced in Sycille sens that the Grekes were come thider for to inhabyt furst Thies be the thinges that were done that same yeare whiche was the sixte yeare of that warre that Thucydydes hath wryttone ☞ Here endeth the thirde boke of the historie of Thucydydes and the fourth begynneth Of certayne exploictes of warre that were done betwene the Athenyans and the Lacedemonyans And specyally howe the place and Islande of Pylus was assieged by the Peloponesians and how the truse was made betwene them that were in the armye ☞ The furst Chapter IN the beginning of the sommer followynge whan the corne begynneth to eare tenne shippes of the Syracusains and asmanye of the Locryans dyd take the cytie of Messine in Sycille from the Athenyans Through conspyratie of the Cytezeinsâ— that had called them thider whiche enterprise the sayd Syracusains dyd for somuche as seinge that same towne to be very propyte mete for the sayd Athenyans for to enter into Sycille they feared that by meane thereof they woulde lande there wyth greater strengthe and from thence wold come to assaille them and the Locriens to haue meane for to assaille on bothe sydes theym of Rhege that were their ennemys whyche thynge they dydde incontynently after and also to the ende that they shulde not geue succours to the sayd Messenyans And moreouer they were therunto sollicyted by certayne cytezeins of Rhege who beinge bannyshedde and fledde from their cytie were retyredde to Locres For the sayde Cytie of Rhege hadde longâ— bene in greate deuysyons by meanes wherof they coulde not than defende them agaynste the sayde Locryens who seinge the the oportunytie came then to assaile them and aftere that they had ouerronned and pyllagedde all thair terytorie they retyredde wyth theire men on foote by lande into theire countreye For the shyppes wherin they were come were gone to Missena for to ioygne with the other that shulde be there assembled for to make warre on that side In that selfe seasone bifore that the coarne was rype the Peloponesians entered a fresh into the lande Atticque vnder the coÌ„ducte of Agis sonne of Archidamus kynge of Lacedemonyans and pyllaged yt after the accustomedde manner On the othere side the Athenyans sente foorty shippes wyth newe strength into Sycylle whereof they commytted the conducte to Eurimedon and to Sophocles wyth the other that already were there Among whom was Pythodorus and commaunded them in thair waye to geue comforte and succoure to the Corcyriens agaynste th aire bannyshed men whiche kepte them selfe in the mountaignes and warredde vpon them wythout and also agaynste lx shyppes that the Pelloponesians hadde sente agaynste theym that were in the saide cytie trustynge to take it by famyne for that that it nowe was in great skarcytye of vyctualles And also grauntedde to Demosthenes who hadde sens hys retourne frome Acarnanie tarryedde at Athens wythoute any charge and desyeredde greately to haue some to vse the saide foorty shyppes aboute Peloponese as he shulde thincke good Beynge than arryued in the countreye of Lacaonie in passynge theire iourney and vnderstandynge that the saide Pelloponesians shyppes were alreadye arryued in the goulphe of Corcyre they were of dyuers opynyons amonge themself For Eurymedon and Sophocles were determyned to go fourthwythe to Corcyre But Demosthenes saide that they shuld furste go to take Pylus and hauinge geuen order there to drawe vnto Corcyre and yet neuerthelas seinge that the other two persysted and contynewed in their opynyoÌ„ he commaunded them so to do In thys debate there came soubdaynly a tempeste of the sea that constrayned them to drawe to the sayde place of Pylus And than
Demosthenes shewede vnto theme that yt was nedefull to close that place wyth a walle sayinge that yt was the pryncypall cause that he was come wyth them for in that voyage And moreouer that yt was veary easye to do for there was power stones and matter for to acheue shortely their worke And that the scite of the place was stronge and also had aboute yt a greate desarte countrey For fromthence vnto Spartus there were well foore houndred slades And ys sytuated in the terrytorye whiche was sometyme of the Messenians and was calledde Seraphasie To thies reasones the other two aunswered hyme that yf he woulde grounde vpon yâ— there were aboute Peloponese many promontoryes that were desarte whyche yf he wolde fortyfie shulde be to make the cytie of Athenes emptye of monny But neuerthelas he replyed vnto theme that the same there was of an other ymportance than the othere for that that yt had a good hauone and moreouer that the Messenyans that had some tyme kepte yt beynge sett into yt agayne myght do greate annoyance and dyspleasueres vnto the Lacedemonyans by cause of theire communycacyon of language and shulde kepe the place dylygently and faithfully And yet notwythstandyng seynge that he coulde not perswade yt nother to the souldyars in gennerall nor wythe the Capytaynes wythe whome he had debatede the matter a parte at length he helde hys peace and dydd speake no more But durnige the tyme that they tarryed theire ydle and vnoccupyede attendynge that the sea was appeasedde the souldyours deuysedde a gayne amonge themeself And desyere tooke them to enclose the sayde place wyth walle and so they determynedde to do yt And hauynge no masons nor yrone tooles for to cutte the stones they toke the stones that they fonnde vpon the place sett them one vpon the other so as they might best hewe them and ioygned them togider with earth in stede of morter And for that that they had no baskettes nor other instrumentes for to carry it they did beare it vpoÌ„ their back Holding their visage downe towards the grouÌ„d to the ende that they might carry it the better And for to kepe it there they ioigned their handes behinde vpon their backes and in effecte they vsed all industrie diligence that they coulde for to fortefie the place with sides that it might be assailed bifore that the Lacedemonians coulde send thider succoures For on some sides it was not to be battred nor to be taken Now the Lacedemonians did celebrate a veary greate solempne feast in the cyte whan they were aduertised of the same chaunce through occasyon wherof they did not greately passe on it For it semed well to them that after they hadde acheued and fynished their feaste whan they shulde go to that parte that the ennemye woolde flye frome thence or if they defended themselâ—e that they shulde take them veray easely And on the other part theire armye that was yet in the lande of Athenes dyd somewhat retarde and slacke theym in suche manner that the Athenyans hadde respyte to fortefie the place on the lande side And hauyng therin trauailled the space of sixe dayes they left Demosthenes there wyth fyue galleys for to kepe it And they with the other wente their way towardes Corcyre and towardes Sycille During this tyme the Peloponesians that were in the lande of Athens vnderstanding the takinge of Pylus came agayne diligently into their lande aswell for that that it semed to the Lacedemonians and to Agis their kynge that they had warre eueÌ„ in their house the enemys being at Pylus as also for that they were entred to sone into yâ— laÌ„de of Athens to wyt bifore the corne was rype through occasioÌ„ wherof they had great lacke of victuailes And moreouer the teÌ„pests had bene during the tyme that they were there more great thaÌ„ the season required By meanes wherof the men of warre were all troubled wherby it happened that though some other yeares they had made no greate taryinge in that lande yet that same yeare they made yt more shorte for they taryed there but fyftene dayes In that same seasonne Symonides Duke of Athenyans hauynge assembled a certayne small nomber of their menne of warre that were in the garnysonne in the countreye of Thrace and a good nomber of their allyes estrangers toke by secrett contract the towne of Eone in the countrey of Thrace whyche was a Colonie or a towne founded by the Medes but than was theire ennemy Notwithstandynge the Chalcydes and the Beotyans beinge aduertysedde of the case came to the succoures of the towne and fourthwyth dydde chase hym away wyth great losse of hys people The PeloponesiaÌ„s being retourned out of the couÌ„trey of AtheÌ„s the Spartains and their next neighbours assembled togiders incontinently for to go to recouer the place of Pylus But the other Peloponesians went not thider so sone For that that they were but newely come out of the countrey of Athens And yet neuerthelas it was commaunded by generall decree proclamacyon in all the countrey of Peloponese that euery man shulde sende to the succoures of Pylus and also commaunded three skoore shyppes that were aboute Corcire that they shuld come to that partie Which passing by the distreate of Leucade vsed so good diligence that they arryued at Pylus bifore that the Athenyans shippes that were at Iacinthus did perceyue theym And on the othere side by lande the armie of the saide Peloponesians was there ready But yet that notwithstandinge bifore that the said ships arryued Demosthenes had sent two brigantynes to Eurymedone to the other that were at the sayde place of Iacynthus that they shulde comme to succoure him shewynge hym the daunger wherein he was who immediatly as they had the newes toke their iourney for to come thider Duringe this time and bifore that they arryued the Peloponesians prepared themself to assaile the place aswell on the sea syde as on that same by lande trustynge to take it easely bothe for that that the walle was freshly newly made and also for that that there were small nomber of people to kepe it And yet neuerthelas for that they doubted that the shippes wyth Athenyans that were at Iacinthus shuld come to succoure theym they determynedde if they coulde take the place before the succours came for to inclose the entrye of tht hauon in suche manner that the sayd Athenyans shippes shulde not enter therin whyche thinge semed vnto them very easy to be done for that that there was directly against the rocke wherupon was sytuated the place of Pylus a small Islande named Factoria whiche extended all alongest the hauon and by that meane made the hauon suer And neuerthelas the entringes therof was straight so that on the towne side where the Athenians had made their rampars there could enter but two ships on fronte and on the other side towards the lande eyght or nyne which Island was holy baraine by that meane not
power of the enemys to yssue fourth of their embushmeÌ„t come to assaile them whan they did se their aduauÌ„tage And though that they were repoulsed into the thick woode being but a smal noÌ„ber yet shuld they haue the aduauÌ„tage for the knowlaige which they they had of the place And moreouer a certain noÌ„ber of the people that he had could not coÌ„me there wher the greatest busynes shuld be nother there where succours shulde be set for thimpeschement of the wood And besides all thies reasons that moued Demosthenes yet the ouerthrowe whych he had at Ethiole whiche chaunced him partely by lyke occasioÌ„ of woode caused him mooste to feare But it was happened that some of of them that were wtin the Iâ—lande being come to the shore for to watche did kindâ—e a fyer for to sethe their meate that the wynde so arysed that it kindled the same fyer in such sorte that it did burne very farre into the IslaÌ„de By meane wherof Demosthenes parceiued that there was a greater noÌ„ber of people than he thought And seing also that thentrie shuld be more easie by meane of the said fier he thought it beste to assaile them as sone as he might and so he prepared to do it had already coÌ„maunded them that were next the Island to come to his ayde And in the meane tyme he was aduertysed by Cleon that he had the charge of the army so he attended for him And whan he was come after that they had aduised togiders they sent an heraulâ—e to the LacedemonyaÌ„s that were in the campe bifore the towne for to knowe of them if they would be content to cause â—hose that were in the Island to render themself with their armure vnder coÌ„dition that they shuld be well suerâ—y kept vntill the tyme that it were determyned vpon thappoictement for all the warre And vnderstanding by reporte of the heraulte that they wold not accept the sayd partie they seiourned taryed therupoÌ„ one whole day And afterwardes coÌ„minge the night they bestowed the most parte of their people wtin a â—mall noÌ„ber of ships whome they dyd sett wtin the Island about dawning of the day on both sides to wit on the syde of the hauone of the same of the mayn sea One part of whyche noÌ„ber vnto eyght houÌ„dred or therabout incontyneÌ„tly as they were laÌ„ded did ronne with most diligeÌ„ce that they could against the chiefest that kept watche that same nyght whiche were about thirty For the othere were the mâ—st part in a place discouered which was in a maner in the middest of the IslaÌ„de enuironed with water Epitadas their captain with them One other part was at the other end of the IslaÌ„de on the side froÌ„ Pylus which could not be assailed by the sea side for that that the Island was on that side high sâ—iepe vp in suche maner that no man could skalen or enter there And on the towne side it was vneasie to assaile by cause of an olde castell that had somtime bene there made wyth a raw wall which they wtin the Islande resarued for their forte if they were constraigned to habaÌ„done forsake the reste The affaires than being in this estate as aboue those that came to charge vpoÌ„ the watche came soubdainlp vpoÌ„ them found theÌ„ sleping so that bifore they could arme theÌ„self they were all slayne by meane that they feared not their laÌ„ding And though that they had parceued the galleys to compasse aboute the bankes coastes of the Island yet they thought that it had bene those that kepte the watche as they had nightly accustomed After that whan the daye beganne to be clere the rest of the army that was yet the in the shipps whyche were arryued at the Islande that were to the nomber of foore skoore or theraboute landed all in the Islande To wytt those whiche were at the furste siege and those that Cleon had brought those resarued that were lefte to kepe the campe and the munityons Amonge whome there was about eyght houndred Archers and as many caryinge targattes lightly armed whyche Demosthenes did appoincte all in that same sorte For he did sett theym in dyuers bendes the one distant from the othere at two houndred men for the bende in some parte lesse accordinge to the capacytie of the places And he caused theym to gette euery where the hyghest of the place for to do the mooste displeasure to the ennemys Compassing them on many sydes to the ende that they shuld not knowe on what parte to tourne themself for the great multitude of people that they shulde see charged vpon them on all parties For if they tournedde agaynst them that assaylled them at their backe they that were afore them wold ronne vpon them And the lyke thinge did those that were behinde if they marchedde agaynste them that were afore And whan they tournedde vpon them that were on the sydes they were assailled both by those from afore and also by those that were behynde And by that meane on euery parte where they tourned they were alwayes compassed behynde wyth those that were lightly armedde who didde attainct and sett vpon them incoÌ„tynetly And the Archers did hurte them afarre of wyth arrowes wyth dartes wythe stones caste wyth hande and with slinges And also they kepte not their standinge whan men charged on them For it is their custome to vainquishe by flyinge for that that they did shote and caste without cessinge And whan the ennemys did retourne they were at their backe Suche order dyd Demostenes kepe aswel at the entry into the Islande as also after that he was entred in all that same fyght whan Epitadas and those that were wyth him in middes of the Islande whiche was the greatest nomber parceued that their watche and those that were in the former strength were discomfyted and that all the company came hastely agaynste them they dyd putt theÌ„self in battaille and wolde haue marched agaynste the Athenyans that came in the fronte bifore them But they coulde not come hande to hande nother shewe their valyantnes against them For the Archers throwers and those that were lightly armed who came on the sydes and wynges did empesche them wherby they parceyuynge that marched not against the sayd Athenyans But kept them selfe in theire order and remoued not but whan the said light armed did approche nighe vnto them For than they repoulsed them but in their flyinge they alwayes defended them and so were dryuen to saue themself through the rockes and straight places and the Lacedemonyans that were strongly armed coulde not followe them In suche sorte they didde fyghte a certayne space of tyme in maner of a escharmushe And afterwards the light armed parceyuinge that the Lacedemonyans were already wery and slowe to follow them so oftene did take more couraige and aâ—dacytie and shewed themself in greater nomber for that that they founde not the Lacedemonyans so sharpe nother so
of Anactorye whyche was sytuated at the entrye of the goulphe of Ambracie belonging to the Corinthyans whyche the sayde Acarnanyans dyd afterwardes kepe and chased fromthence al the Corinthiens and thys endurynge the sommer ended At begynning of wynter Arestides sonne of Archippus one of the Captayns by sea of the Athenyans who was sente to their allyes for to recouer of theÌ„ ayde of monney wherat they were taâ—ed encountred vpon the sea nyghe vnto Eione whyche is in the quarter of Strymone a galley wherin was a Persian that the kyng Artaxerxes had sente in Ambassade towardes the Lacedemonyans namedde Artapharnes And so he dyd take hym togyders wyth the letters that he caryed from the said kinge addressed to the Lacedemonyans and caryed him to Athens And the said letters were than translated out of the languaige Persian into Greke whiche amonge many other thinges conteigned that the kynge maruailled greately of the sayd Lacedemonyans and knewe not what they mente For they hadde sente many messengers wherof the the one had neuer spokene as the other wherefore if they wolde speake playnly and clerely they shulde sende some wyth the sayde Artaphernes that shuld do hym to vnderstande their mynde and wyll Certain dayes after the sayde Athenyans sente the same Artaphernes to Ephese with their Ambassadours which they sent towardes the saide Artaxerxes Bâ—t being there they hadde newes of the deathe of the sayed Artaxerxes and so they retourned him to Athens In that selfe wynter they of Chio were constraigned by the Athenians to beate downe a walle which they had newely made aboute the towne For suspicion that the Athenians had that they ymagined some reuolte rebellioÌ„ Although that the said ChyaÌ„s were thereof sufficiently dilcharged offred to geue such suertie as they might in nothyng to doe agaynst the sayd Athenians And in thies counterchauses the wynter passed whiche was the seâ—enth yeare of the warre that the Chucidides hath writtone In beginning of the somer ensuyng there was an eclips of the sonne in the same moueth chaunced in Grece a great Earthquake And the outlawes of Mytilene and of the Islande of Lesbos hauyng togiders a greate noÌ„ber of people of the mayne lande whereunto they were retyred also of Peloponese dyd take the citie of Rhetoe anone after without doying there any domage did restore it receyuyng two thousande Phocians stoters And from thence they weâ—te to the Citie of Antandros whiche they did take by treasone of some that were in it And their intent was to sette agayne at lybertie the other cities that be called Actees whiche were sometyme fouÌ„ded by the Mytylenians and was then ruled gouerned by the Athenians but pryncipally they would kepe the citie of Antandros for that it was propice for them to make shyps bycause of the woode and other matter that was founde there and also in the Islande of Ida whiche was there nigh vnto it And moreouer froÌ„ that same warre might be easely made against the Islande of Leâ—bos which was also nigh and lykewyse Pillage and gette the villages of Eoliens that were in the mayne lande this was there entent In that same soÌ„mer the Athenians did sende .lx. shyppes and in them two thousande fotemen certaine nomber of horsemen aud a nombre of Mylesiens and of some other theyr allyes vnder the conducte of Nycias sonne of Niceratus Nicostratus sonne of Diotraphus and of Antocles sonne of Tolmeus for to make warre agaynst those of Cythere whiche is an Islande situated foraâ—â—â—pste the country of Laconie on the cost of Malea and was inhabyted with lacedemonians who euery yeare sent thider thofficers of the citie of Sparte togiders with a garnisone for the kepyng of it For they sorowed greatly for it for that that it was there retraicre and their estaple for their shyppes that came out of Lybia and oute of Egypte and also empesched that no robberies were done in the countrey of Laconie by sea on the coste where it was in moste daunger For that that it laye opene and was subiecte to the sea of Sycille and to that same of Crete Being than the Atheniens aryued at the sayd Islande with tenne shyppes and two thousande Millesians they toke at the ariuall one citie of the sayd Islande whiche was on the sea syde named Scandea and the rest of the armie went through the IslaÌ„de agaynst the quarter wherein was the citie of Malea And first they came to the maistres towne whiche is nigh the sea named Cythere where they founde the Cythereans who attended for them all in armure without the towne So they assayled them after that they had defended themselfe a very small tyme they coÌ„straigned them to retire into the vpper parte of the towne and sone after they yelded themselfe vnto Nycias and to the other Capitaines Athenians their lyues saued already before that they yelded themselfe some among them had parlemented and spoken with Nicias for to aduise what thyng should be done to the ende that thappoynctment should be made more suerly and the more readely And in effect the AtheniaÌ„s transported all the Cythereans into other places aswell for that they were Lacedemonyans as also for that that the same their Islande is dyrectely opposytt and foranempst the countrey of Laconia Hauyng than the Athenyans takenne Scandea whyche ys in the poort of the sea and â—urnyshedde Cythere wyth theire people they wente into Asina into Helos and othere places by the sea syde where they landedde and dydde greate dammages for the space of seuene dayes that they dydde tarrye there The Lacedemonyans seynge that the Athenyans did kepe Cythere and fearynge leste men shulde come to assaylle theyme they were nott of opynyon to sende into annye parte a mayne armye for to fyghte agaynste the ennemyes but to departe theire people into dyuers places so as they thoughte to be necessarye for to defende them and also into some of theym for feare that they shulde nott reuolte and rebelle consyderynge the losse that they hadde made of theire people in the Islande nexte vnto Pylus and also of the towne of Pylus and of the cytie of Cythere and the warre whyche was mouedde agaynste theym to be contrary to theâ—re opynyon and vnprouidedde for By reasone whereof they huyredde and souldedde three houndred men at armes and certayne nombre of Archers whyche thinge they were nott accustomedde to doo And yet neuertheles if euer in any other tyme they were slacke and slowe to make warre yett were they at that tyme more slouthefull resaruedde the preparation for the armye by sea which they hadde though that they hadde to doo agaynst the Athenyans who reputedde nothing to be difficille and harde for them to ouercomme but that thynge whyche they woulde not enterpryse And besydes that they were strykene wyth greate feare by many thynges that my shappenedde vnto theym agaynste all reasone wherby
otherwayes may chaunce vnto you in your perticuler goodes moreouer to th ende that ye geue to this your citie a right honest glorious name to be a franke free citie After that Brasidas had thus spoken vnto the people they debated longe vpon this mater And finally they came to geue vp their opinions by small billes secretly And the greatest parte were founde of opinion to departe froÌ„ the allyance of the Athenians aswell for the persuation of Brasidas as also for feare to lose their goodes that were in the feldes And hauing receiued othe of the same Brasidas that he had comission of the Lacedemonians for to sett them againe into their lybertie that shuld render themself vnto him and to suffer them to lyue according to their lawes they suâ—â—red his armye to enter into the citie And the lyke thing soone afterwardes did those of Stagire which is an other towne and Colonie of the Andrians Theis be the thinges that were done the same sommer Howe Hippocrates Demosthenes Dukes of the Athenians made an entreprise vpon the countrey of Beotians Wherein they alwayes failled to their greate losse and disaduantage ☞ The .xii. Chapter IN begynning of the winter Hippocrates and Demosthenes Dukes of the Athenians hauing ordoned and concluded their enterprise touching the feate of the Beoeians that th one to wytt Demosthenes shuld mete with the army by sea at Syphas thother with tharmy by lande at Delos lyke as is aboue declared it happened by errour that they mett not at the day named in the sayd places But Demosthenes being first aryued at Syphas with many shippes of the Acarnanians and of the other allyes his enterprise was discouered by an Phocian named Nichomachus Who aduertised the LacedemoniaÌ„s thereof they aduertised the Beocians whiche did putt theÌ„self al in armure And Hippocrates not hauing yet done any thing on the coste of the firme lande touching the exploict of warre they all came to the succours of Syphas of Cheronee Whereby those of the cyties that had made treatie with the AtheniaÌ„s seing that the thing was discouered durst make no inuocacioÌ„ Neuertheles after that the sayd Beotians were retourned into their houses Hippocrates hauing caused all the citizens and inhabitantes of Athenians to putt them in armure he came to Delos assieged the temple of Apollo in this maÌ„ner For they inclosedde the outwarde parte of the temple with dyches and with a walle whiche they made of earthe and thereupon they planted pales with pykes and beyonde the walle they made rampers of bricque of stone whiche they toke of the houses nigh vnto them that they had beaten downe And vpoÌ„ the rampars they erected also towers defences in many places In suche manner that there remaigned no parte of the teÌ„ple that was not enclosed For also there was no other edifice building aboute thesame For that that an auÌ„tient cloistre that had of auncieÌ„tie bene there was wtin a shorte time bifore fallen downe And that same worke they acheued finished within two dayes a halfe after that they were there ariued And also that they had speÌ„t in coming but three dayes And that being throughly made the army departed fromthence and retyred aboutes eight stades as for to retourne into their houses And incontinently all the footemen lightly armed which were in a right great nomber went their way the other vnarmed themself and abodde in a village for to repose and soiurne there And Demosthenes with a small nomber of people taried at Delos for the keping of the rampars to acheue and finishe that whiche was to do Nowe were the Beotians in thies self dayes assembled at Tanagra Being than there assembled out of all the countrey they were in doubte whider that they shulde assaille the sayd Athenians or not For of elleuene officers and gouernours of the â—ayd countrey tenne sayd that it ought not to be done for so muche as the sayd AtheniaÌ„s were not yet entred into the countrey of Beoce For the place wherein they reposed themself was in the lymyttes of Oropie But Pagondas sonne of Goladas of Thebes which was one of the sayd gouernours and Arianthides sonne of Lesymachus who had at that tyme the charge of that assembly were of contrarye opinion And specially the sayd Pagondas who estemyng and iudgyng that it was for the best to proue fortuâ—e by bartaille perswaded to the Beotians hys opinion by thies woordes The oracioÌ„ of PagoÌ„das vnto the souldiers BeotiaÌ„s IT was not conuenable to any of you that be in office Lordes Beotians to thinke that we shulde not fight agaynst the Athenians except they were founde within our lande For hauing dressed and appoynted their munitions fortifications within our countrey of Beoce and being departed out of their nigh places to the intent to trouble it there is no doubt but that we shulde take them for ennemyes in what parte that we shall fynde them For out of whatsoeuer parte that they come they haue declared themself to be ours Wherefore if any one among you were heretofore of aduyse that they shuld not be fought with lett hym change fromhensfourthe his opinion For so muche as there ought not somuche regarde to be had to theÌ„ that holde their oune and wolle trouble an other mans for couetice to haue more as to those the wolle inuade men to take their lande froÌ„ them And if you haue lerned of youre auncesters to repoulse youre ennemyes of a strange nation out of your lande both nigh a farre of truly you ought muche more readely to do it against the Athenians that be youre neighbours For that that it is more conuenable for euery man for to defende kepe his libertie his right against his neighbours for to be egall vnto theÌ„ than against other being more further of And therfore if theis here doe trauaile to bring into their subieccion seruitude those that be veray farre froÌ„ them why shuld not we hazarte aduenture to fight vnto the last maÌ„ of vs against theÌ„ that be euen their voyâ—ns neighbours hauing bifore our eyes the example of Eubeens and one greate parte of Grece And seing howe they haue brought them into subiection why shulde we not consider that the other nexte adioigning do fight with them for to kepe defende their lymittes but if we be vainquishedde there shal be no lymitte in our territory But rather it shal be holy coÌ„fused For after that they shal be entred therinto by force we shal be in dangerâ— lest that they wolle possesse and occupie it hooly muche more than the other borderers For that that they there haue already muche lande and also do holde one parte therof And also it is the custome of chose which trusting in their forces be mynded to warre vpon their neighbours as the AtheniaÌ„s nowe do to assaille sonner those that be in rest
of the cytie assuredde themselfe in suche manner that he durste not pursue hys enterpryse chiefly parceyuynge that they of hys intelligence did not discouer theymselfe in the towne whyche thinge they coulde not do forsomuche as the Cytezeins who where in the greater nomber empesched and dyd lett that the gates were not opened And sent wyth all diligence by the counsell of Eucles who than was Capytayne of the Athenyans vnto Thucydides sonne of Olerus the same that hath writtone thys historie whyche at that tyme had charge for the Athenyans in the sayde countrey of Thrace wyth the sayde Eucles beinge nyghe the towne of Thase whyche was a colonie of the Paryans distante frome Amphipolis aboute one iourney by sea that he shuld come to succour them whyche thynge he readelye dyd and came fromthence wyth seuene shypps whyche he founde by aduenture all ready in that parte to succour Amphipolis if it were not than takene or if it were takene for to take Eione In thys meane tyme Brasidas who greatly fearedde the succours of Thase by sea and also leaste Thucydides who kept in that quarter many mynes of golde and of syluer by meane wherof he hadde greate frendeshypp and authorytie wyth the principallest of the couÌ„trey shuld assemble a great nomber of people by land he determyned to do hys beste to gett the said cytie by practyse coÌ„posytion bifore that the cytezeins mighte haue the sayde succour And for that cause he made it to be cryed and published wyth the sounde of a trompett that all they that were in the towne beinge citezeins or Athenyans myghte if they thought good abyde in their estate and lybertie Euen so as the Peloponesyans And those that wolde not might departe wyth their baguaige wythin fyue dayes whyche crye beinge harde many of the pryncipall Cytezeins changed their opynyon vnderstandyng to be by that meane in lybertie whereas the cytie at the presente tyme was gouerned the moste parte by the Athenyans And also they whose parentes and frendes were takene in the suburbs whyche were in greate nomber all meane people fearynge that if they dyd it not their sayd parentes and frendes shulde be yll intreated chyâ—fly the Athenyans whyche parceyued that wythout daunger they myghte departe wyth their baguage loked for to haue no succours redelye and the reste of the people seynge that by thys appoynctement they shulde brynge and delyuer themself oute of danger shulde remayne in lybertie all wyth one accorde dyd accepte the partye at perswation of them that had intellygence wyth Brasidas although that the gouernours whyche were for the Athenyans wolde haue perswaded them to the contrary And by thys meane the cytie was rendred That self same day aboute the euenynge tyde Thucidides arryued wyth hys ships at Eione Brasidas beinge already wythin Amphipolis who had taken the sayd cytie of Eione yf the night had not come vpon hym And also at the breake of the day he had taken yt if the succours wyth the sayd shypps had not arryued But the same Thucydides beinge there arryued as is afore sayd ordeyned hys case for to defende the towne if Brasidas wold haue come to assaylle yt also that he myght wythdrawe and receyue those of the mayne lande that were mynded to comme to ioygne wyth hym wherby yt chaunced that Brasidas who was descended a longe the ryuer wyth a good nomber of shypps hauynge made hys strength to gett a rocke that was at the mouth of the same nighe the towne and after to take yt by the land syde was repoulsed from both sides and was constraigned to retourne into the cytie of Amphipolis for to geue order to the affayres therof And sone after the cytie of Myrtine in the countrey of the Edonians dyd render itselfe to hys allyaunce For that that Pittacus kinge of the sayd Edonians was slayne by the wyfe and children of Groaâ—esâ— and wythin fewe dayes Gopselle and Esyne whyche were two Colonies of the Thasiens dyd lykewyse render themself and that by the practique of Perdiccas who arryued in the cytie of Amphipolis incontineÌ„tly after that it was takene whan the Athenyans vnderstode the losse of that same cytie they were therfore very sorowfull For that that it hadde bene muche propice and profytable to them aswell by reasone of the monney that they there leuyed and of the woode that they dyd take fromthence for to make shipps as also for that the Lacedemonyans hauinge bifore facultie and power to comme to inuade the allyes of the sayde Athenyans vnto the ryuer of Strymone by the conducte of the Thracyans who dyd take their parte coulde not passe ouer the water at the vpper parte therof for that that it was depe nor also wyth boatts so longe as the Athenyans dyd kepe their watche vpon the water at Eyone But the Lacedemonyans hauinge gottene the cytie and consequently the passage of the ryuer myght passe at their wylle and pleasure whereby the Athenyans were in greate feare that their frendes and allyes woolde tourne to take parte wyth the sayd Lacedemonyans Chyefly for thys that Brasidas beside that that he declared and shewed hymself to be a man curtoys and reasonable dyd also publishe generally euery where that he had no charge but to restoore all Grece into lybertie By meane wherof the other townes and cyties that dyd take parte wyth the Athenyans vnderstandynge the good entreatynge whyche the sayde Brasidas vsedde and practysedde towards the Amphilochiens and that he presented lyberte vnto euery man they were all enclyned to reuolte and tourne vnto hym and to wythdrawe themself from the obeissaunce of the Athenians And thereupon dydde secretely sende their heraultes and messengers towardes hym for to make their appoynctement euery man desyring to be the furste thynking that there was none daunger of the Athenyans who of longe tyme hadde nott any greate garnysons in that countrey and thought not that their puissance had bene so greate as they parceyuedde it afterwardes to be by experyence â—or also thies be people that haue accustomed to conduct their affayres more by an disordered affectyon rather than by reason and prouydence and puttynge their esperaunce in that whyche they wylled they followed yt wythoute annye greate purpose to effecte And that thynge whyche they wylledde not they reprouedde vnder coloure of reasone Also they grounded themself greately vpon the losse whyche the Athenyans had made frankly in Beoce through occasyon whereof it semedde to them that they coulde not soo soone sende succours into that quarter and the more by the perswasyons of Brasidas who dydde theym to vnderstande that the sayd Athenyans durste not fyghte againste hym nygh to Nysee though that he hadde but thys aâ—mie that was there Through thies reasons and vpon thies ymagynations they were all ioyous for the presente to be in lybertie vnder the protection of the Lacedemonyans whome they thoughte hauynge newely made the enterpryse in that same
ambassadours were sent vnto them aswell by those that were chased fromthence as also by those that gouernedde the towne the which were hearde by the Lacedemoniās in the presence of their allyes And after that the thinges were at lengthe debated it was declared that the gouernours were wronfully and wtout cause bannished and was concluded to go thider in armure and by force to place thē agayne wythin the towne but the execution beinge to longe delayed they that were wythin the towne fearynge to be ouercomme and takene reallied themself afreshe wyth the Athenyans thinking to be by them garded and defended and that done they caused soubdainelye the walls to be made from the towne vnto the sea to the ende that if they were empesched or lett to haue victuails by lande they might yet haue them by sea andthys they dyd hauinge intelligence wyth some of the Cyties of Peloponese in so great diligence that there was not man nor woman yonge nor olde small nor great that imploied not himself therin Also the Athenyans sente thider all their masons carpenters so that the said walls were acheued and fynished at the ende of sommer Whych parceued the Lacedemonyans assembled all their allyes except the Corinthians and in the beginning of wynter they wente to make warre against them vnder conducte of their king Agis And they had also some intellygence in the towne of Argos but seinge that it came not to effecte they toke the walles whyche were newely made and not fully fynished by force and rasedde them downe And afterwardes they dyd take a small towne that was in the terrytorye of the sayde Argos named Hysias by assault and dyd slaye all the notable or beste men that they founde wythin it and afterwardes retourned fromethence into their houses And sone after the Argyues yssued fourth of their town wyth all their force agaynste the Phliasians pillagedde alle their lande for somuche as they hadde receyuedde their exiles or bannyshedde men of whome some had there houses and heredytamentes and afterwardes retourned fromthence into their towne That same wynter the Athenyans made warre against Perdiccas in Macedonie vnder colour of thys that they sayde that he had conspired against them with the Lacedemonyans and the Argiues and that whan the same Athenyās had prepared their army for to sende them into Thrace against the Chalcydes and the Amphipolites vnder the conducte of Nyrias he hadde dissembled wyth them in suche sorte that the sayde enterpryse coulde not be executed and by that meane he was declared their enemy And in thies entrefaicts passed that winter which was the ende of the fourtenth yere of that same warre At begynnynge of the sommer followynge Alcibiades wyth twenty shipps passed into Argos and there beinge entred into the cytie he toke three houndred of the burgeoses of the towne whyche he suspected to take the parte wyth the Lacedemonyans whome he caused to departe and to be caryed into the Islandes whyche the Athenyans gouernedde in that same quarter Howe Lytie of Meleas was as sieged and fynally taken by the Athenyans and some other thynges that were done that self same yeare ☞ The .xi. Chapte IN that same tyme the Athenyans also sente an othere armye by sea with thirty shyppes of theirs agaynste the Islande of Meleas in whych shippes there were twelue houndredde men well armed three houndredde Archers and twentye lyghte horses and moreouer there was in that same armye sixe shippes of those of Chio and two of those of Lesbos besydes the ayde whyche they hadde of their othere allyes and of those of the selfe Islande whyche amountedde to aboutes a thousande fyue houndredde men Nowe were the Meliens Burgeoses of the Lacedemonyans and refused to be vnder the obeissaunce of the Athenyans like as all the othere Isles of that same sea Notwythstandynge that from the begynnynge they were not so declaredde agaynste them But for that that the Athenyans woulde constrayne theym to declare themself and for that cause had burned and wasted that their lande they shewedde themself openly their ennemys and entred in warre agaynste theym The sayde armye beynge than arryued in the sayd Islande Cleomedes sonne of Lycomedes and Tisias sonne of Tysymachus who were the Capytains bifore they dyd any dammaige to them of the Islande they sente certayn of the Ambassadours vnto them of the citie for to speake with them who were hearde not bifore all the commons but before the officers and those of the counsaille onelye So they declaredde their charge and were aunswered and the matter debated betwene them lyke as herafter followeth in manner of a dyalogue ¶ The conferringe or talke that was bitwene the Ambassadors of the Athenyans and of the offycers of Meleas for to treate the appoynctemente betwene them ☞ The .xii. Chapter FUrste the Athenyans dyd speake in this manner Sirs we parceyue well that youe are not willinge that wee shulde speake before alle the commynaltie but only in thys assembley fearinge leste thoughe that we shulde haue had by long oration declared in presence of the whole commynaltie all true and reasonable thynges yet that not wythstandynge that same commons not hauinge otherwyse debatedde the matter frome poyncte to poyncte myghte thereby be induced to commyt some erroure wherfore yt ys expedient that ye do that lyke to wytt that ye declare not your purpose rashly or all at ones but frō poincte to poinct so that if you shal see that we say any thing that is impertinent or vnreasonable ye may answere therunto and tel vs your opyniō therin And bifore all thinges declare vnto vs if this manner of speakynge which we do propone vnto youe be to your contentatyon or not The Melyans Truly lordes this facyon of speakynge aparte and debatynge causes wyth leasure ys not to be blaymedde But there ys one thynge that semethe vnto vs contrarye and repugnante to this that is that ye cōme not to speake of warre to follow but of the same that presently is already wherefore we parceyue well that youe wolbe iudges of thys presente communycation And that the ende thereof shal be suche that though we vainquishe youe by reason and therefore do not agree to your will yet you wille warre agaynst vs. And if we consent to that whiche you wolle we shall remayne youre subiectes and in youre bondage The Athenyans Uerely if ye be here assēbled for to debate of matters that maye chance or for any other matter than for to prouyde for the estate and wealth of your cytie in the estate that the thynges be it is not nedefull that we speake further therein but yf ye◠be come for this purpose we wolle speake therof The Melyans It standethe with all reasone and also to be licencedde that people that be in suche perplextie shulde shewe many reasons and change many purposes hauing regarde to manye thinges considered that the question is of oure wealth Wherefore it it please you
they had declared vnto them that they would do After that all the same was so done and ordeyned the Athenyans with that great preparation departed for Corcire and toke the way towardes Sycille hauyng in all one houndredde thirty and foure galleys wyth three oares and two Rhodiens wyth twoo oares Of the whyche with three oares there were one houndred of Athens wherof three skoore were light galleys the other caryed the men of armes Those of Chio and the other allyes of the sayd Athenyans did fournishe the rest of the shyppes As touchyng the nomber of people that were in the sayd army there were in the hole some fyue thowsande one houndred fotemen wherof fyftene houndred were Athenyans who had seuen hoūdred seruantes for the nauigation or sayling of other aswel allyes as subiectes speciallye of the Argiues fyue houndred of the Mantynyans and other Mercenaries or huyred souldiers two houndred and fyftie and of archers in all foure houndred and foure skore whereof the foure houndred were Rhodyens the foure skore of Creta There were also sixe thousande men lyght armed of Megara and thirty horsemen vpon a barke for to carie horses Such was the Athenyans armye by sea at the begynnynge And besydes thys there were thyrtye marchandes shyppes caryinge vituailes and other thynges necessarye for the sayedde armye besydes a greate nomber of other of dyuers sortes whiche followedde the sayedde armye for feate of marchandise whyche were at Corcyre and all togiders passedde the goulphe of the sea Ionium But afterwardes they departedde theymeselues and aboorded one partie at the promontorye of Lapigea one other partie at Tarente and the other in dyuers places in Italye so as they perceyuedde the landynge propice and mete for them But yet neuerthelas they dydde not fynde any cytie that woulde receyue theym for marchandise nor otherwyse but rather dydde onely permytt them to lande for to refresh themself with water and with other thinges excepted the Tarentyns and the Locryans who suffredde them not to make any descente in their lande In such manner they passedde wythoute restynge themself vntyll they came to aboorde at the promontorye of Rhegium in the extremitie of Italye In whiche place beynge refufedde to lande and beynge alreadye strongelye assembledde they lodged themselfe without the towne nyghe vnto the temple of Diana and thider they of the sayed towne sente vnto them victuailes and other necessaries for their monney And there hauynge brought theyr shyppes into the porte they for a certene tyme soiourned and in the meane tyme spake vnto the Rhegyns perswadynge theyme that they woulde ayde the Leontyns consyderedde that they were Chalcydes lyke as they were Who aunswered that they woulde not meddle wyth the warre of the Sycilians but they woulde earnestly do in al thinges as the other Italyans comonly woulde do Notwythstandyng the whiche aunswere the Athenyans desyrynge to execute their enterpryse of Sycille attended the aunswere of the shyppes◠whiche they had sent to Egestes for to vnderstand the affaires of the sayd countrey and chiefly touchynge the monney whyche the ambassadours Egestayns had vaunted and bragged of to the Athenyans that shoulde be founde in their Cytie whider it were for trouthe or not In thies enterfaictes the Syracusains had newes frome many quarters and pryncypallye by the Brygantins whiche they hadde sente for to espye and discouer howe the armye of the Athenyans was arryued at Rhege So they were no more harde of bileue but rather vsed all diligence that they coulde for to make al preparations for to defende them sent vnto all the other Sycilians to some ambassadours and to other people for to defende and kepe theyme And moreouer they withdrewe into their tycie all the shyppes that they myght frome all coastes for defence thereof and made monstre of their people and a description of their harnnes and of their victuaile whiche they hadde in the cytie And for effecte prepared all other thynges that was possible for theym euene so as yf the warre had bene alreadye bigonne In this meane tyme the three shyppes whiche they had sente to Egeste came agayne to them to Rhege who made reaporte vnto them that there was none other monney in the sayed cytie of Egeste than the same whiche they hadde promysedde whiche myght amounte to the some of thyrty talentes onely wherewyth the Dukes Athenyans were all astonyedde and discouraiged seing that at the Aryuall the pryncipalle dydde faile them whereupon they were foundedde and that Rhegians refusedde to enter into the warre wyth them Who were the furst that they had aboorded and those whome they myght hope sonnest to wynne aswelle for that that they alwayes hadde bene parentes of the Leontyns and of one selfe nation as also for that that they were alwayes affectyonedde to the partie of the Athenyans Whereby Nycyas was in nothyng abused For he had neuer other opynyon of the Egestayns but that they woulde abuse the Athenyans but the other two capytaynes founde theymselues deceyued who had been abusedde by the cautell and crafte that the Egestayns hadde vsed whan the furst ambassadours of the Athenians was sent vnto them for to see their treasuer For after that the sayed ambassadours were landed and come into their cytie they brought them into the temple of Uenus whiche is in Eryce and there shewed them basyns the censars and other hallowedde vesselles that were in the sayedde temple togiders wyth the offerynges vowes and other moueable riches whiche were of greate valeur And for that they were of iyluer they made a great monster and apparance that there had bene a great some of monney in that same cytie insomuche as beinge so smalle there was somuche in that same temple And besydes this in diuers houses where the Athenyās that came in that ambassade were lodged and vpon their shyppes their hoastes shewedde them greate quantitie of vesselles of golde and of syluer aswell for saruice at the table as for the kytchyne whyche they hadde for the moste parte borowedde of their neighbors aswell of the self countrey as of the Phenicians of the Grekes faignynge that it all was there oune◠and that it was their manner of lyuynge Whereupon the sayd Athenyans perceyuing so great quantitie of vessell and so ryche in all their houses and as all of one sorte were all astonyed And after that they were retournedde to Athenes made reaporte that they hadde sene a meruelouse quantitie of golde and syluer And by that meane the Athenyans were abused whereby after that the men of warre that were at Rhege vnderstoode the trouthe to be contrarye by the messengers that they had sent thider they became hatefull and seditious agaynst them And thereupon the Dukes consulted togyders of the affaire And the opynyon of Nycyas was that they altogider shoulde go fromethence to Selynunte To whiche place it was pryncipally ordeynedde that they shulde go in fauour of the Egestayns And if being there the Egestains
they wente enuyroning the Isle and in their passage dydde geue order to their allyes that they shulde sende them the nomber of men whyche they had promysedde And so they came wyth the moytie of the armye before the towne of Hibla in the terrytory of Gela the whyche toke the partie againste them thinkyng to take it but they coulde not and in this meane tyme the ende of Somer dyd come At begynnynge of the wynter the Athenyans prepared themself for to come to assiege Sarragosse and on the other syde the Syracusains prepared theymselfe for to come to mete them For insomuche as the Athenyans did not at beginning come to assaylle them they toke dayly more and more courage And somuche the lesse they fearedde and estemed them that they had enuironned and compassed about the other countrey by sea very farre frome theire cytie and also coulde not take Hybla whereupon the sayd Syracusains were so puffed vp that they requyred of their Dukes that they shulde conducte them vnto Catana where the enemys were insomuch as they durste not come thider vnto them And the lyght horsemen Syracusains whych ronned daylly vnto the campe of the said Athenyans among other reproches whiche they vsed demanded of theym if they were not more comme to inhabitt rather an other mans lande than for to restore the Leontins into theirs The Athenyans knowinge suche thyngs essaiedde to wythdrawe those Syracusains so farre as they coulde from their cytie to the intente that the more wyth their ease they myght in one nyght wyth their shipps saille to lande before the towne and lodge theire campe in place where they shulde thinke most mete For they knewe well that if at landing out of their ships they founde the ennemyes in order and prepared for to defende theire landinge orels if that they woulde take their waye fromthence by lande vnto the sayde cytie they shuld haue much more difficultie For their horsmen might do greate dammaige vnto their fotemen beynge lyght armed and also to the reste of their fote men considered that they had yet small nomber of horsmen there And doing as they had enterprysed they might wtout any great empeschement take the place whych they desired before that the horsmen Syracusains shulde haue bene retourned which place had bene taught and shewed vnto them by the bannished men of the same cytie who followedde them to witt nyghe vnto the temple of Olympus And for to execute their enterpryse they vsedde one suche a cautelle That is that they sente one whome they right wel trusted vnto the Dukes of Syracusains knowinge also that they wolde geue fayth vnto that whyche he shulde shewe them fayninge to be sente from certen of the princypalle of the cytie of Catana wherof he was whom the said dukes did well knowe saying that they yet helde their partie and that if they wolde they wold cause them to haue the victorie against the Athenyans by such meane for one partie of the armye of the said Athenyans kept thēself wtin the towne without armure So that if the said Syracusains issued fourth at one daye named oute of Sarragosse and arryued at the breake of the day with all their puissance those same Catanyens whome he named vnto them wyth their complices shuld easely enclose the Athenyās that were wtin the towne and also wold put fyer into their ships which were in their port By which doing if the said Syracusains wolde rush out and charge vpon them that were in the feld which was without the towne enclosed wyth Pales they might take it without any great difficultie and destroy all that they shulde fynde wtin it saying moreouer that there were many cytezeins of Catane of thys intellygence and conspyratie all ready and determined for to execute it who had sente hym thyder The dukes Syracusains which were bolde and besides that had already desire to go vnto the enemyes in their campe did lightly bileue the espie And hauing taken a day wyth him whan they wold be at Catana they sent him agayn vnto them frō whom he sayd that he was come And at the said daye failled not to issue fourth all the people of the cytie wyth the succours of the Selynūtyns and some other their allyes that were already come and for haste they went fourth wtout order altogiders for to lodge nygh to Catana vpon the riuer of Symethe in the lande of Leontyns Than the Athenyās vnderstanding their comyng did charge all their people that they had aswell Athenyans as Sycilians and othere in their shippes and saylledde by nyght towardes Sarragosse where they arryued at breake of daye wythin the greate porte bifore the temple of Olympus for to lande there In thys meane tyme the horsemen Syracusains whyche were goone to Catana vnderstandynge that all the Athenyans ships were departed out of the porte of Catana aduertysed the fotemen thereof and all togyders dyd take their way for to retourne to the succours of their cytie But for that that the waye was longe byfore that they coulde aryue the Athenyans had already landed and taken their lodging in the place whyche they had chosen out of the whych they myght defende themself to their aduantaige with out beinge in dangier before that they had made their rampares nother yet by makynge of them insomuche as they were shadowed couered or defended wyth walles and buildinges in that same quarter And moreouere there was manye trees a standing water and hollowe or broken places So that none could come vpon them out of the same quarter specyally horsmen And on the other parte they had already hewed downe a great quantytie of the sayd trees whyche they had caryed to the sea syde and there planted and locked togiders in manner of ouerthwarte crosses for to defende and let that no man shulde issue fourthe into theirs ships Moreouer in that same quarter where their campe was most lowe and where the cōming therinto was most easy they had rampared it with great stoanes and wyth woode in haste so that yt was very harde to enter there and afterwardes they dyd breake the bridge whyche they had made for to goo vnto their ships All whyche woorke they dyd at their ease without thys that annye man yssued oute of the citie for to empesche them for they were all gone fourth were not yet retourned from Catana of whom the horsmen were the firste that came agayne and sone after all the people that were issued fourthe and came directely agaynste the Athenyans to presente theym bataylle But seing that they yssued not fourth they wythdrewe and wente to lodge themselfe on the othere syde of the way whyche leadeth to Heloryne The morowe after the Athenyans yssued fourth for to fyght and they ordeyned their battaille in this sorte For at the ryght poyncte they sett the Argiues and the Mantynyans at the lefte the other their allyes and in the myddell the Athenyans And also the one moytie of the army
Athenyans as also of the Peloponesyans ☞ The .iii. Chapter AFter that the Athenyans had appoyncted their sayde prouysions for Sycille they sente twenty galleis aboute Peloponese for to defende and wythstande that no ships shulde passe fromthence out of Corinthe into Sycille For the Corinthyans after that the Ambassadours of the Syracusayns whyche were comme for to require newe succours were arryued vnderstandynge the affayres of Sycille to be in better estate dyd yet take more couraige and semed vnto theym that the armye whyche they had sente bifore was come all in tyme. For that cause they prepared for to sende thider renforte or newe succours of men in the platt Barques and the Lacedemonyans wyth the reste of the Peloponesians did the lyke So the Corynthyans armed xxv galleys for to accompaygnye their Barques and to defende them agaynste the galleys of the Athenyans whyche attended and lay in wayte for them in the passage at Naupacte As touchyng the Lacedemonyans as they prepared their succours beynge vrgently moued aswell by the Syracusains as by the Corynthyans vnderstandinge moreouer that the Athenyans sente newe succours into Sycille for to empesche that and chiefly through the counsail of Alcibiades they determyned for to enter into the lande of the sayd Athenyans and at the beginnynge to mure and walle in Decelea And the Lacedemonyans enterprysed that same wyth the better couraige by cause that they thoughte that the Athenyans hauynge greate warre in twoo coastes to wytt in Sycille and in their oune contrey shulde be the moore easely subdewed and vaynquished And also that they hadde iuste quarelle forsomuche as the Athenyans hadde furste broken the appoinctement whiche thynge was whole contrary to the other former appoynctement For the rotture or breache beganne on the bihalf of the Lacedemonians for that that the Thebains had inuaded Platea without breaking the appoinctement And though that it was ordonned by the same that warre shulde not be moued agaynste hym that submitted hymself to the iudgement of the other confederated Cyties and that the Athenyans offredde to stande therunto yet alwayes the Lacedemonyans wolde not accepte the offre by occasion wherof they thought that with good cause they hadde receiued many mischances in the warre whyche than was made and speciallye at Pylus But after the laste appoinctement the Athenyans had sente thirty ships out of their sea and wasted one partie of the terryâ—orie of the Epidaurians and of the Prasyens and also of some other countreys and kepte men at Pylus who robbed and spoylled the confederates wythout any ceassynge And whan the Lacedemonyans sente vnto Athens for to demande restytution of the goodes that were takene and in case of refusal that they shulde commytt the thynge to knowlaige accordynge to the artycles of appoynctemente yet wolde they neuer doo yt For thys cause yt semedde to the Lacedemonyans that as the fault offence of the breache which was in the former warre was coÌ„mytted on their bihalfe so was iâ— nowe in the partie of the Athenians by meane wherof they went against them with the better harte And so they commaunded to the other Pelonesyans that they shulde make prouysyon of Irons for the walles at Decelea in the meane tyme that they prouydedde for other matter therunto necessarie and moreouer constrayned theym to fournishe monney for to sende succours into Sycille for their portion lyke as the self LacedemonyaÌ„s did And in thies enterfeats ended the wynter whych was the .xviii yeare of the warre whych Thucydides had wryttonne In begynnynge of spring tyme the Lacedemonyans wyth their allyes entred soubdaynely into the lande of the AthenyaÌ„s vnder conducte of Agis sonne of Archidamus kyng of the same Lacedemonyans And at the furste arryuall they wasted and pillaiged the platte countrey that was at the entrynge and afterwardes dyd geue themselfe to enclose Decelea wyth walle and delyuered to euery of the Cyties confederated accordynge to hys quantytie to make one quarter of the sayde walle Nowe the same cytie is afarre of from Athens aboutes seuene skore stades and well nighe asmuche out of the countrey of Beotie And for that cause beynge enclosed with walle and garnished wyth men one might oute of the same pillage ouerronne the plat couÌ„trey vnto the Cytie of Athens In thys same tyme that the walles of Decelea was in buildinge the Peloponesyans that taryed in the countrey sent the succours into Sycille in their Barques To wytt the Lacedemonyans sixe houndred of the moste gentle compaignyons of their esklaues and of their laborers vnder the conducte of Eurytus of Sparte The Beotians three houndred vnder the conducte of zenon and of Nycon of Phebes and Egesander the Thespian Thies here were the furste that at there departure frome Tenara in Laconium lauÌ„ched into the meane sea Sone after the Corynthians sente fyue houndred men aswell of their people as of the Arcadyans whyche they had soulded or hnyred of whome Alexarchus the Corynthian was Chief and wyth them there were two houndred Scycionians vnder the conduct of Sargeus Sycionien On the other syde the .xxv. galleys whyche the Corynthians hadde sent the wynter precedynge agaynste the twenty of the Athenyans that abodde at Naupacte for to kepe the passage were foranempste the sayde Naupacte so longe as the Barques whyche caâ—yedde their souldyars passed by At the self same beginnynge of the sprynge tyme whan the walles were buildinge about Decelea the Athenyans sente .xxx. galleys aboute Peloponese vnder the conducte of Charycles to whome they comomaunded that he shulde go fromthence in their name vnto the Argiues to requyre them that they woolde sende and fournishe wyth men for to fylle the sayde galleys accordynge to their allyance and on the other syde in ensuing their determynation touching the affayres of Sycille that they shulde sende thider Demosthenes wyth .lx. shippes of theirs and fyue of those of Chio. In the whyche there was twelue houndred warryours Athenyans and of the Islanders asmanye as they coulde assemble and of theire othere allyes all those that they myght recouer beinge men of warre and commaunde the sayde Demosthenes that in passynge he shulde ioygne wyth Charicles and bothe togiders shulde pillaige and ouerronne the couÌ„trey Marytimate of Laconie The whyche Demosthenes sailled fromthence straight to the poarte of Egyne wherin he attended those of his souldyars that were not yet come and lykewyse the retourne of Charicles who was gone vnto the Argyues ¶ Howe the Syracusains and the Athenyans had a battaille wythin the porte of the Cytie aswel by sea as by land wherof both parties had victorie in dyuers respectes and of many other combates and feats of warre whyche were done in the same Siege ☞ The .iiii. Chapter IN the self tyme that the thynges abouesayde were done in Grece Gylippus came agayne to Sarragosse wyth greate nomber of people that he hadde assembled and wythdrawin oute of the Cyties of Sycille wherin he hadde bene So he
Corynthians in the begynnyng kepte theymeself in their sorte wythoute marchynge further But afterwardes whan they thought good they marched agaynst the Athenyans The one armye dyd faight long agaynst the other in suche sort that thre Corinthians galleis were sonken as touching the Athenyans although that there were none of them drownedâ— yet there were seuene of theym frusshedde and brused in their foore partes with the beckes of the Corynthyans that was more stronge than theirs and also the Oares broken on the one syde in suche maÌ„ner that they were vtterly destroyed and vnprofitable for to saille And in effect the battaile was of suche sorte that euery of the parties pretended to haue had the victorye Neuerthelas the Athenyans receyued their shyppe wrackes but beyng charged wyth a great wynde they retyred the one of the one syde and the other an other waye to wytt the Peloponesians into their hauone where they were in suertie by meane of their people that were in the lande and the Athenyans vnto Naupacte After whiche departure the Corynthians dydde incontinently reyse vp a Trophee by cause of the shyppes which they had destroied and crusshed in greater nomber than those which they had loste reputinge theymselfe not to be vainquishedde for the selfe reasone for whyche the ennemyes reputed theymeselfe also not to haue vaynequished For that that it semedde to the Corynthyans not to haue bene vainequished excepte the victory of thennemyes had bene greate Also the Athenyans to the contrarye helde themself as for ouercome if they had not great victory Notwythstanding after that the Peloponesians were gone oute of the sayed hauone and their footemen departed fromethence the Athenyans reysed vp a trophee in Achaia as victoryous although that they were more than twenty stades a farre of the place frome Erimeum where the Corynthyans shipps were This yssue had the battaille by sea bitwene them ¶ Howe in the meane time that Demosthenes and Eurimedon were in their voiage for to come to succoure the campe of the Athenyans in Sycille the Syracusayns had a victory by sea agaynste the sayd Athenyans that kepte them aâ—â—ieged ☞ The .vii. Chapter AFter that the Thuriens were allyed or confederated wyth the Athenyans as hath bene abouesayd Demosthenes and Eurymedon caused them to fournyshe seuene houndred men well armedde and three houndred darte casters the which they embarqued and commanded them that they shulde go fromthence straight into the quarter of Crotonia And they after that they had takene mouster of their men nigh the ryuer of Sibaris ledde them through the lande of the Thuriens agaynst Crotonia But being arryued in the ryuer of Hylias they founde certene messengers of the Crotoniens whyche declared vnto theyme that their Lordes were not wyllynge that they shulde passe throughe their lande By occasion whereof they toke their waye towardes the sea alongest the sayd ryuer and being arryued in the quarter where it entreth into the sea they lodged there their hoste where their shippes aryued Wherâ—to beyng all mounted they sailled fromthence alongest that same coast practysynge all the cytyes that were vpon the same excepte the cytye of Locres and fynally they came to the place of Petra whiche was in the lande of the Rhegins In this meane tyme the Syracusains beynge aduertised of their comynge enterprysed afreshe for to proue and essay the fortune of battaile by sea and also appoyncted a good nomber of footemen by lande Nowe they hadde dressed a good nomber of ships of an other sorte than they had done in the furst battaile for that that in the same they had learned parceyued the faulte of those which they than had wherupon hauing prouyded for the same faulte they hoped well to haue the victorye for they had shortened the beckes and poynctes of the foore partes of their shyps for to make them more â—irme and more stiffe and also they had armed the wastes or sydes of their sayed shyps with greate peces of woode of .vi. Cubittes of length asmuche within as withoute of the selfesorte that the Corynthians had done with their ships whan they did fight against the Athenians at Naupacte And it semed well vnto them that by that meane comynge against the Athenians shippes whiche shulde not be made of that same sorte but shulde haue their foore partes longer and more subtile for that that they come not ryght for to schocke with the poynct but weÌ„t more sydelyng for to strike on the sydes their ships shulde be as good and better than the othere And that hauing to fight within the poarte wyth great nomber of ships there shulde not be space for to saille by tourneying or in course but must of necessitie come afronte wherby the poynctes of their shyps beyng strongest better armed with Irone than the other they shuld easely crushe and bruse them And by that meane they hoped that the same which at the other battaille had caused theÌ„ to lose through ignorance of their maroners shulde nowe cause them to haue the victorye And also those same AthenyaÌ„s shulde not haue facultie and power for to withdrawe their shippes at their will for afterwardes to come againe to schocke on those of the ennemyes as they hadde done the other tyme excepte that they shulde withdrawe theyme frome the lande syde and yett frome the same coaste they coulde haue no greate espace for to doo yt and also they shoulde fynde the Syracusayns on the shoore whyche shoulde be readye for to endomage theym and for to succour the same Syracusains and moreouer being in a straict place they shuld empesche and let the one the other whiche thynge had alwayes causedde greate anoyance and hurte vnto the Athenyans in all their battaylles by sea for that that they coulde not wythdrawe theymself so easely as the Syracusayns who hadde the smalle poarte wholy in their power and also kepte the mouthe of the greate poarte empeschedde and by that meane they hadde the mayne sea where the Athenyans hadde for all their feate but onely the greate poarte whiche was not spacious ynoughe and also they hadde Plemyryum agaynste theyme whiche was in the mouthe of the sayed greate poorte In thys manner the Syracusayns deuysedde their affaire in good hope to haue honour thereby for the reasons abouesayedâ— and dydde execute yt in the forme whiche followeth For Gylippus a lytle bifore the sayd battaille dydsett fourthe of the cytie his footemen veray nyghe the walle of the Athenyans frome the coaste of the same cytye On the other syde those that were at Olympus aswelle horsmen as footemen lightlye armedded and darte caâ—ters came lykewyse agaynste the sayed walle on both sydes And sone after the shyps of the Syracusayns yssued fourth aswelle their oune as the same of their allyes Whan the Athenyans perceyued the sayd shyps of the ennemyes for to come fourth they all were thereby greatlye trowbledde For hauyng sene the footemen a lytle bifore marchyng towardes
make any nouelty Unto which place Chalcideus dyd come froÌ„ Chio with .xxiii ships in the whiche he had charged a great nomber of fotemen aswell of Erythree as also of Clazomenie Stronbichides being aduertysed therof he departed incontynently from Tea whan he had taken the mayne sea seing afarre of so great noÌ„ber of ships he retired into Samie where he saued himself although that the other did geue him the chase Which perceyued the Theriens although that at beginning they had refused to receyue garnyson into their cytie receyued it after Stronbichides was fledde fromthence And there were lefte the fotemen Erithryens and Clazomeniens who hauynge certen dayes attended the retourne of Chalcideus that followed Stronbichides and seynge that he came not they dyd rase downe the walles of the towne whiche the Athenyans had made frome of the coaste of the mayne lande And that did they wyth the ayde and perswation of certaine strangers that came thider in the meane time vnder conducte of Stages lieutenaÌ„t of Cissaphernes In this meane time Chalcideus Alcibiades hauing chased StroÌ„â—bychides into the porte of Samie they retourned fromthence to Chio there left their maroners in garnisoÌ„ whoÌ„ they armed as souldears And hauing in their stede put into their ships men of the countrey moreouer armed .xx. other shipps they sailled fromthence to Mylet trusting to cause the towne to rebelle For Alcibiades who had great amytie with many of the pryncipall cytezeins therof wolde gladly do that acte byfore that the shyps of the Peloponesians shulde be sente thyder for that same cause and to haue that same honnour aswell for him as for Chalcydeus and also for those of Chio whome they hadde in their compaignie and moreouer for Endius who was author of hys voiage that by their meane many Cyties whyche toke parte wyth the Athenyans shulde rebelle Hauynge than made greate dyligence by sea the moste secretly that they myght they arryued at the said Milet a lytle before Stronbichides and Thrasicleas who were sente thider by the Athenyans wyth .xii. shippes and caused the towne incontynently to tourne to their confederatie Sone after arryued other nynetene ships of the Athenyans whyche followed those here the whyche not beinge receyued by the Mylesians they retyred into an Islande there adioygning named Lada Sone after the rebellyon of Mylet the furst alliance was made betwene the king Dareus the Lacedemonyans by Tyssaphernes Chalcideus in this manner The tenour of the allyaunce betwene the kinge Dareus and the Lacedemonians IN thies enterfaictes the Lacedemonyens and their allyes made allyaunce wyth the kynge Dareus and Tyssaphernes hys prouoste in this manner That the cyties landes countreys and seigniories that the Athenyans helde those same whyche the kynge or hys predecessours had holdene shulde remayne vnto hym and that all the reuenue that those Athenyans dyd take therof shulde be enioyed by the kynge and the Lacedemonyans togiders and that they shulde defende that no parte thereof shulde cometo the proffitt of the Athenyans That the kynge and the Lacedemonyans wyth their allyes shulde make warre commonlye agaynste the Athenyans and that the one shulde not conclude peace with them wythoute the othere And that if any of the kynges subiectes rebelledde agaynste hym the Lacedemonyans and their allyes shulde holde them for their ennemyes and of the subiectes of the Lacedemonyans and allyes if they rebelled the kynge shulde take theym for hys Such was the somme of the allyaunce bytwene them Howe those of Chio or Chiens after that they were rebelledde agaynst the Athenyans caused Mytilene and all the Isle of Lesbos to rebell And howe the Athenyans dyd alterwardes recouer it wyth certen other cyties whych were also rebelled And howe hauing vainquishedde the Chiens in three battailles they pillaged and wasted all their lande and of some other thynges ☞ The .iiii. Chapter AT the selfe tyme the Chiens armed tenne othere shyppes wyth the whyche they toke their waye for to saille to the cytie of Anea aswelle for to lerne what the Cytie of Milet hadde done as for to sollycitte the othere Cyties whyche toke parte wyth the Athenyans for to habaâ—done them But beinge aduertysed by Chalcideus howe Amorges did come agaynste their cytie wyth a great hoste by lande they retourned fromthence vnto the temple of Jupiter oute of whyche place they mighte see commynge .xvi. Athenyans shippes whyche Diomedon conducted who was sente from Athens after Thrasicles And knowing that they were shippes of Athenes one parte of the Chiens wente vnto Ephesus and the other to Tea of the whiche foore were taken by the Athenyans But that was after that those that were within them were landed The other saued themself in the porte of Tea and the AthenyaÌ„s departed fromthence against SamuÌ„ And yet neuerthelas the Chiens hauing assembled the other ships that were eskaped and also a certen nomber of fotemen they perswaded the cytie of Lebedus to forsake the partie of the Athenyans and afterwards that same of Eras. And that done they retired with their ships fotemeÌ„ into their houses Abouts the same tyme the .xvi. ships of the Peloponesians the whiche did holde a like noÌ„ber of the Athenyans shipps assieged at Pireus issued soubdainly vnloked for vpon those Athenyans and defyed repoulsed them in such sort that they did take foure of them and that done they sailled to the port of Cenchree where they repaired and tacled their ships for to saille afterwardes to Chio and into JonuÌ„ vnder the conducte of Astyochus whom the Lacedemonyans sente vnto them vnto whom they had geuene charge of all the armye by sea After that the fotemen that were at Tea were departed fromthence Tyssaphernes arryued there Who hauing caused the reste of the walles to be beatene downe sailled froÌ„thence incontynently And sone after Diomedon arryued there with .xx. Athenyans ships who did somuch with them of the towne that they were coÌ„tent to receue him but he taried not there so sailled to Eras thinking to take it by force which thing he coulde not do and for that cause departed In that same tyme the meane people of SamiuÌ„ did rebelle against the greater hauing with them the ayde of the Athenyans which were come to arriue there wyth thre ships And they did slay two houndred of the principall of the same greater occupiers and they bannished other two houndred and forfeyted their goodes aswel of the dead as of the bannished the whiche they departed amongest them And by consente of the Athenyans after that they had promysed them to perseuer in their amytie they sett themself into lybertie gouerned themself of theÌ„self without geuing to the bannished whose goods they did wythhold any thing for their lyuinge but rather made a great defence and prohibition that none shulde take any land or house of them nor also deliuer theÌ„ any In thies enterfaicts the Chiens that had determyned to declare themself
him whatsoeuer busynes that they mighte haue So he sailled to lande at Coryce where he soiourned certen dayes During this tyme the army of the Athenyans departed from Samie arryued at Chio and they came to lodge themself at the fote of a hill that was betwene the porte and them so that they whiche were within the said porte perceyued them not nother also the Athenyans did knowe what the other did Bitwene both Astiochus was aduertised by letters frō Pedaritus how some Erithriens which had bene prisoners at Samie were released by the Athenyans and sent to Erythree to cause the cytie to rebelle So he incontynentlye launched fourth to returne thider and it failled very litle but that he had fallen into the Athenyans handes neuerthelas he came thider in saulftie where he foūde Pedaritus who was lykewyse come thider for the self cause And so both of thē made great inquyrie of the same treatie did take many of them that were suspected But being infourmed that no naughty thynge had bene there perpetrated but that the same was faigned for th◠welth of the citie they absolued them all and retourned fromthence the one to Chio the other to Mylet Duringe thys time the Athenyans ships that passed out of Coryce vnto Argiue encountred three longe ships of the Chiens which incontinently as they had perceyued them they followed to ouerwhelme thē did geue them the chase vnto their poarte where they with great paine could skarcely saue themself by cause of the tempest that came vpon them And thre ships of the Athenyans that followed them into the porte perished and were loste and they that were wtin partly taken and partly slayne The other ships retyred into a porte that was vnder Mymante named Phenicuate◠and fromthence they sailled to Lesbos where they reysed vp newe rampares In that same wynter Hippocrates Lacedemonian with tenne ships of the Thuryens ouer which Doricus sonne of Diagoras one of the three chiefest of the army and with two other to wit one of Laconie the other of Sarragosse did rule or gouerne passed through Peloponese to Cnide which cytie was alredy rebelled agaynst Tyssaphernes Whereupon those of Mylet vnderstāding the coming of that same army by sea sente the moytie of their ships for to warde defende the said cytie of Cnide and for to succour certen barques that were coming out of Egipte charged wyth men which Tyssaphernes caused to come and ordayned to mete wyth them the ships that were in the hauon of Triopie which was a rocke in the promoutorie situated on the heigh of the regyon of Cnyde vpone the whych standeth a temple of Apollo But the Athenyans aduertised hereof whyche were at Samie preuented the sayd shipps that were at Triopie to the nomber of syxe and dyd take them neuerthelas the men that were within them saued themself on lande And fromthence they came to Cnyde the whych failled but lytle that they had takene it at the arryuall for that that it had no walles notwithstandynge they were repoulsed And yet neuerthelas the day following they dyd geue them an other assaulte but they dyd lesse proffitt therein for that that the men of the towne had in the nyght better rampared their dyches Also the shypmen that were saued in the lande at Triopie were comme thider in the self night wherby the Athenyans seynge that they coulde do nothinge there they retourned to Samie In the selfsame tyme Astyochus beinge come to Mylet he founde his armye ryght well appoincted with all thinges for that that the Peloponesyans fournished ryght well to the payemente of souldyars who besides that same had greate and muche monney for the butie whych they had gotton at Lasus And on the other parte the Mylesians were all desposed to doo that whiche was possible for them for their partie But forsomuche as the laste allyance whiche Chalcideus had made wyth Tyssaphernes semed not to be ample inough but defectuous and faulty in some things which made more for the partie of Tyssaphernes than for them they refourmed and renewed yt an other tyme by the meane of Theramenes in the manner to followeth The seconde treatie of allyance bitwene the Lacedemonyans and the kinge Dareus HEre followe the articles conuenaūtes and treaties of amytie bitwene the Lacedemonians and their allyes of the one paatie and the kynge Dareus his children and Tyssaphernes on the other partie Furst that all the cyties contreys landes and seigniories whiche do at this present apperteigne to kyng Dareus that haue bene hys fathers or other his predecessours shall remayne franke and free vnto him in manner that the Lacedemonyans nor their allyes may not go thider for to warre or to do damage therin and that they may not exacte nor take any trybute there And lykewyse that the kynge nor any of those whiche be vnder him may do damage nor exacte any trybute in the landes of the Lacedemonians nother of their allyes And moreouer that if any of the said parties requireth any thinge of the other if that yt be graūted vnto him in like case that same partie that shall haue receyued the plaisir shal be boūde to render it to the other whā he shal be therunto required And that the warre whiche they haue begonne agaynste the Athenyans shal be followed to the ende generally by the sayde parties and shall not be lefte of by the one wythout the othere That all the men of warre whyche shal be leuied in the kynges countreys by his ordenance shal be payde wyth hys monney And if any of the confederated cyties shall come to inuade any of the kynges prouinces the other shall forbydde and kepe them from it to his power And to the contrary yf any of the kynges countreis or subiectes come to inuade any of the confederated cyties or their lande the same kyuge shal empesche and forbydde them with his power After this treatie made Theramenes hauing delyuered his ships to Astiochus departed thence was neuer after sene During this time the Athenians that were cōme frō Lesbos against Chio hauing assieged it by lande and by sea did geue thēself to enclose the porte of Delphinie which was a strong place on the lande side with walle and also it had a porte sufficiently suer was not veray farre from Chio wherby the cytezeins were greatly troubled aswell for many greate losses damages whiche they had already susteigned by occasyon of the warre as also for that that the inhabytantes were yll agreinge amongest themself and muche troubled otherwaies For Pedaritus had caused already Tideus the Ionian with all his men to dye for that that he suspected them to haue confederation with the Athenyans By reason of which acte the reste of the cytezens whych were brought to a small nomber did not truste the one the othere and therby it semed vnto them thot nother they nother
apparance to demande that the other cyties shulde brynge into danger their parsones and also their goodes and monney for to consarue the lybertie of that same cytie And as touchynge the other cyties that were also lykewyse rebelled agaynste the sayed Athenyans that they dyd greate wronge not to be wyllyng to paye for the defence of their lybertie that which they had accustomed to pay to the Athenyans by taâ—e or by subsedie And moreouer he sayde that to the surplusaige Tyssaphernes had reasone to spare the monney in that manner for to susteigne the charges of the warre at the least vntill he shulde haue newes froÌ„ the kynge whider that he intended that the soulde shuld be entierly payde or not and than if he comanded him to pay the whole there shulde be no lacke therin also shulde recompense the cyties particulerly euery one accordinge to his deserte And moreouer the sayed Alcibiades counsailled Tyssaphernes that he shulde not go aboute to make by any meanes an ende of that same warre also that he shulde not cause the ships that he had caused to be tacled in Phenice to come nother those which he had caused to be armed in Grece to ioigne with the same of the Peloponesians for in that doyng he shulde make them lordes both of the sea of the lande But rather that he shuld maignteigne them alwayes in strife in warre forsomuche as by that meane he shulde be alwayes in his puissance to prouoke the one of the parties againste the other which shuld haue offeÌ„ded him But if he suffred that the one of the parties were destroyed that the other might haue the dominion in sea and in lande he shulde fynde none that might ayde him againste those same if he would chastise them and it shulde be forced that he himself in that case shulde onely take the adueÌ„ture with greate danger greate expences Wherfore it was better with smal expence to enterteigne them in controuersie by that meane to haue hys estate in full suertie And also he shewed further to the sayed Tyssaphernes that the allyance of the Athenians shulde be muche more comely for the king than the same of the Lacedemoniens for that that the same Athenians went not about to rule on lande And their intent and facyon of making warre was muche more proffytable for the kyng than the same of the other for this that the Grekes whiche they shulde subdue in the sea beynge his allyes shulde redute and bringe them partly into their seruitude and those that were in the laÌ„de inhabyting in the prouynces of the king shulde remaine his subiectes where the Lacedemoniens proceded directly to a contrary ende to wytt to restore all the Grekes into lybertie wherefore it was to beleue that those whiche went about to bring the Grekes oute of seruitude of the self Grekes that they would not suffre that they shulde remayne in the lyke bondage of barbarous or estrangers so would go about to sette in lybertie all those that bifore tyme were not restored therunto which thaÌ„ were in the subiection of the kinge Wherfore he counsailled him that he shulde suffre the one partie to weaken destroy the other For after that the Athenians shal haue lost the greatest parte of their force the Peloponesians shuld be so weakened that he shulde easely chase them out of Grece Tyssaphernes did easely agree to thies instructions and knewe suffyciently that Alcibiades had tolde him the trouth forsomuche as he might coÌ„prehende perceiue it by the affaires that occured And insuing his counsaille he furst payde the soulde to the Peloponesians But for al that he would not suffre theym to make warre but rather he sometyme shewed them that they must attende the ships of the PheneciaÌ„s that shulde come sometyme that they were to hoate to ayger to fight And by that meane he troubled all the enterpryse and made the same armye that was so fayer and puissante in manner as vnproffitable And also in other thynges he declared moste openly wyth woordes sayinge that he vnwyllyngly made warre in compaâ—gnie of the sayed allyes wholy by instruction of the sayed Alcibiades who iudgynge the same to be a good thing did perswade it aswel to the king as to Tyssaphernes whan that he was wyth them And that dyd he pryncipally for the desyre that he had to retourne into hys countrey whiche thyng he hoped at some tyme to obteigne if yt were not vtterly destroyed And somuche the more whan men shulde vnderstande that he had greate amytie with Tyssaphernes lyke as it happened For as the souldyars Athenyans that were at Samie vnderstode the famyliaritie that he had with the said Tissaphernes with thisâ— that he had alreadâ— practised the principalles to sett â—orwarde hys restorynge towardes theym that had moste auctorytie in the towne to brynge the gouernance therof to a smal nomber of the most honnest men doing theÌ„ to vnderstaÌ„de that by that meane Thissaphernes would the sonner lynke ioigne in their amytie the more parte of the patrons and capytaines of the shyps also of the other pryncipalles that were in the army who of theymself hated the comons estate they agrede thereunto and after that the matter was broughte into the campe the bruytt thereof did ronne through out the cytie of Athenes and chiefly that it had bene ordeyned by those that were in Samie that some of them shulde go vnto Alcibiades for to treate and parlament with him of that same matter like as it was done Who assured them furste to make Tyssaphernes their frendeâ— and aâ—terwardes the kyng prouyded that they shulde change their coÌ„mon gouernment shulde comyt it into the handes of honnest substanciall meÌ„ as is afore sayd for by that meane he sayd that the king would take and conceiue the greater suertie trust in them whereunto those which were sent vnto him did readely agree aswell for that that it semed to themâ— that by that meane the Athenians might haue the victory of that same warre as also for this that they themself that were of the pryncipalles of the cytie hoped that by that meane the admynistracion shulde come into their handes where bifore they had bene oftimes persecuted by the comâ—naltie Being than come again to Samie after that they had treated and perswaded the thing vnto them that were there they sailled to Athenes and shewed the coÌ„mons that in calling againe Alcibiades and coÌ„mytting the gouernement into the handes of the pryncipalles of the cytie they shulde wynne the kyng on their syde who shuld fournishe them with monney for to soulde paye their men in that same warre Wheruntoâ— although at the furst sight that the people were vnwilling to coÌ„descende and agree yet the charge which they susteigned for the warre in paymente of the warryours vnderstanding that the kyng would pay them caused them to enclyne and coâ—sente vnto yt And therunto those which stomacked the matter dyd
Xenophantydas Laconiaâ— dyd come out of Chio to the Rhodes from Pedaritus who signifyed to the Lacedemonyans that were there that the wall which the Athenyans had reysed vp against the cytie of Chio was already fynysshed And that if all the army by sea did not right shortly come to their succours the same citie shuld be loste Which thing vnderstanding It was determyned by an generall accorde of theÌ„ all for to succour it In this meane time Pedaritus and the Chiens yssued fourth agaynst the rampars whiche the Athenyans had made aboute their shyppes with suche force that they did beate downe and breake one parte therof and also dydde â—ake some of the sayd shyps But the Athenyans beyng come to the succours of their men and rampares the Chiens did furst flye And afterwardes Pedaritus who was wylling to stande to it beynge habandoned of those which were about him was slayne a greate nomber of Chiens with him and a greate quaÌ„titie of harnoies takene By occasion of whiche ouerthrowe the cytie was assieged yet more straitly than bifore aswel by sea as by lande therewith was in greate necessiâ—ie of victualles On the other syde Pysander and his compaignions beyng arryued with Tyssaphernes they begon to treate with him the appoynctmente and to set fourth the parties But he fearing more the Lacedemonians than theÌ„ and as he that minded ensuing the counsaille of Alcibiades to suffre theÌ„ yet more â—o feoble and weaken the one the other did not wholy declare himself to the same Alcibiades Who perceiuing that did put fourth such parties bitwene the Athenyans Tyssaphernes that they coulde not agree whiche thing in my fantasie the said Tyssaphernes also purposed but to dyuers endes for diuers causes To witt Tissaphernes for that that he feared the PeloponesiaÌ„s therfore durst not wel departe froÌ„ them And Alcibiades for this that seing yâ— Tissaphernes was not willing to conclude the appoynctment he would not geue knolaige therof to the Athenians that it was not in his puissance to cause hym to coÌ„desceÌ„de vnto it but rather was he wylling to cause theym to bileue that he had already wonne hym and that they were the cause of the breaking of for that that they made to hym tomuch sklender offers And for to comme to hys purposes he demaunded of theym in the name of the sayed Tyssaphernes for whome he dydde speake in hys presence of thynges so greate and so vnreasonable that he was forcedde to kepe hymselfe frome agreynge vnto theym that the conclusion shulde not be made For furst he demaunded of theym all the countrey of Ionum with all the Islandes adioignyng to the same And that same beyng agrede vnto by the Athenyans at the thirde assemblie which they made for to shewe that he had some auctoritie with the kynge he demaunded them that they shulde suffer hym to make shyppes at hys wylle and wyth the same to saille into hys landes wyth suche nomber and as often as it shulde â—â—me good vnto hym The Ahenyans would not geue place to that demaunde but seinge that intollerable thynges were demaunded of theÌ„ and iudgynge them â—elf as deceyued by Alcibiades they departed in greate anger and disdeigne and retourned to Samie After that same Tyssaphernes the selfe wynter sailled agayne to Caunus to ioigne hymself a newe wyth the Peloponesians and to make allyance vpon suche conditions as he myghte payinge vnto them the soulde or wages at their pleasure to the ende that they shoulde not become hys ennemyes fearynge that if they were constrayned for to come to battaylle by sea wyth the Athenyans least that they shoulde be ouercome for lacke of men considered that the more parte of them had not be payde or ells that the Athenyans shoulde obteigne that whiche they required wythoute hym or happely that he feared more least that for to recouer their paymente they woulde waste and destroye the countrey of the kynge borderynge vnto theyme whiche was in the mayne lande For theis reasons than and for to come to his intentes whiche were to make the Grekes egall in force hauyng caused the Peloponesyans to comme he delyueredde theym paymente and soulde or wages of the armye by sea and dyd come to the thirde treatie wyth theym in this same manner and substance The thirde treatie of allyance bitwene the Lacedemonyans and the kyng Dareus THe thirtenth yeare of the kyng Dareus Alexippidas being Trybune of the people at Lacedemonie the treatie was made in the fielde of Meander bitwene the Lacedemonyans their allies of the one partie Tyssaphernes Theramenes and the childreÌ„ of Pharnacus on the other partie touching the affaires bitwene the sayd parties Furst that all the same whiche apperteigned to the kyng in Asia shulde remayne to hym and that he might determyne and dispose of his prouynce at his pleasure That the Peloponesians nor their allyes shulde not enter into the kinges countrey for to endomage it nor lykewyse the kyng into the countrey of the Lacedemonyans nor of the allyes And if any of the sayd allyes did the contrary the other shulde prohybitt resist them and the king lykewise if any of his subiectes did it in the laÌ„des of the sayd confederates That Tyssaphernes shulde pay the soulde or wages to the ships which be presently ready attending that those of the king shulde come and than the Lacedemonians and their said allyes shulde wage and enterteigne theirs at their proper costes expences if they would and if they rather desired that Tyssaphernes shulde paye the charge that he shulde be bounde to lende theÌ„ monney which shulde be rendred repayde vnto him the warre fynysshed by the sayd allyes That after that the kinges ships shulde be come they shulde ioigne with those of the allyes al togiders make warre against the Athenians so long as it shulde seme good to the sayd Tyssaphernes to the sayd Lacedemonyans and confederates if it shulde seme good vnto theÌ„ to departe froÌ„ the said enterpryse that it shal be done wyth a comon accorde not otherwise Suche were the articles of the sayed treatie After the whiche Tyssaphernes vsed diligence to cause the ships to come froÌ„ Phenice and to accomplishe all the other thinges which he had promysed and he shewed himself moreouer much affectioned vnto the enterprise About the ende of the wynter the Beotians did take the towne of Orope with the garnison of AtheniaÌ„s that were within yt that by the treatie of those of the towne also of some of the Erethriens hoping afterwardes to cause the towne of Eubee to rebell For the same towne of Orope being in the lande of Erythree which those Athenians did holde it coulde not be but that the losse therof shulde tourne to their greate domage aswell to the cytie of Erythree as to al the Isle of Eubee After the same the Erythreens sent to the Peloponesians that were at Rhodes for to cause theÌ„