more nere to the sea of Affrike The GetuliaÌ„s iÌ„habited more nere to the sunne rising not far froÌ„ the ferueÌ„t cuntrey of Inde this peple anone had roumes dwelling places for the sea bitwene theÌ„ Spaine was but narow wherfore they agreed with the Spaniards to make exchaÌ„ges bargins of merchaÌ„dise with theÌ„ The LibieÌ„s corrupted their name by litle litle changing the same at last in sted of MedeaÌ„s named theÌ„ selfe MaurieÌ„s by barbarike ê“nuÌ„ciacion of their laÌ„gage But the welth riches of the PersieÌ„s in short tyme increased multiplied In somoch that after they had named theÌ„ selfe NumidiaÌ„s thei iÌ„creased in so gret multitude that theyr fyrst couÌ„trey was not able to noryshe theÌ„ al. So that after ward many of the yong lusty people departed in sonder froÌ„ theyr frindes left their cuntrey resorting to a cuntry nere the citie of Carthage vacaÌ„t at that tyme. In which cuÌ„trey they iÌ„habited theÌ„ selfe named it Numidy after their name Shortly after this both they which remayned stil in their first cuÌ„trei these which remoued theÌ„ce assisted one an other with al maner help socour In so much that what by strength what by feare they brought vnder theyr subieccioÌ„ dominioÌ„ suche other nacions as marched nere theÌ„ so that within short tyme they much inhauÌ„ced augmented their name and glory but namely they which inhabited the part of Affrike which is ouer against Italy nere the Italian sea these most iÌ„creased in welth honor For the Libiens were not so good men of war as the GetuliaÌ„s or NumidiaÌ„s And so al the inward part of Affrike was for the most parte in possession of the Numidians so much dyd they that al the nacions of theÌ„ subdued wer called Numidians after the name of ouercomers Now haue we declared how the Getulians LibieÌ„s wer first inhabitaÌ„tes of Affrike how the Perseans MedeaÌ„s Armeniens came afterward ioyned with theÌ„ How the Perseans named theÌ„selfe Numidians And the MedeaÌ„s Armeniens by corrupcioÌ„ of langage wer called Mauriens And now coÌ„sequently I shal declare what other peple came afterward inhabited the same land of Affrike After al these nacioÌ„s before rehersed out of the land of Phenice cam much peple to inhabit theÌ„ selfe in Affrike Some bicause theyr owne countrey was not sufficieÌ„t to sustaine so grete a multitude as werof theÌ„ And other some great men of birth desirous of lordship raised vp asseÌ„bled the nedy coÌ„men people left their owne cuÌ„trey in hope to fynd some other greter dominioÌ„ els where in proces of tyme ariued at the land of Affrike there builded thre cities vpon the sea cost named Hippona AbrumentuÌ„ Leptis with other diuers cyties but not so gret and famous as these were These cities in short tyme wer so augmeÌ„ted incresed that some of theÌ„ wer honour and some socour ayd to their original cuÌ„tries But of the citie of Carthage whiche also by theÌ„ was bylded afterward became the hed citie of Affrike I thinke it is better to pas ouer with silence thaÌ„ of it to speke a litel thaÌ„ to leue the matter in the myds vnperfet and also this my busines procedeth to an other purpose Neuertheles some what shal I touch the fyrst foundacioÌ„ of this citie of Carthage not folowing mine author Salust which wrteth nothing therof but folowing the opinioÌ„ of Virgil as he writeth in the first boke of Eneas ¶ The quene Dido doughter of Belus kyng of the land of Cipre wife to Sicheus king of Phenice fled wyth her shyps laded with gold other riches out of her owne cuÌ„trey dreding the cruelte of her brother PigmalioÌ„ whiche blinded by couetise and ambicion had slayne her husband Sicheus by tresoÌ„ This Dido at last ariued with her shyps coÌ„pani at the coast of Affrike wher reigned a king named Hierbas which moued with beaute of Dido desired her to wife But for loue whiche she had to her first husbaÌ„d Sicheus she wold not coÌ„sent therto by any meanes but desired to bie of the same kyng as much grouÌ„de as might be coÌ„pased about with the hide of a bul And after that it was grauÌ„ted she cut the hide of smal that with the same she coÌ„pased .iij. myle of grouÌ„de about In which space she buylded a citie which first was named Birsa after in ê“ces of tyme it was called Tiros last of al Carthage Vnder which name bi long coÌ„tinuauÌ„ce so amply it encreased in fame welth that it contained xxiiij miles in compasse But whaÌ„ it was in most excellence it was vtterly distroied bi the Romains Publius Scipio Affricanâ— the tyme being captayne of the Romaine armye Touching the foundacion of this famous citie of Carthage so moch haue I writteÌ„ more than mine authour Salust But now wil I returne to mine institute purpose concerning the discripcion of Affrike brefely bring it to coÌ„clusion The valey of whoÌ„ I spake before named in Affricke langage CathahathmoÌ„ deuided the couÌ„trey of Affrike froÌ„ Egipt on the side saue that an arme of the see is bitwene the first citie or habitacioÌ„ of Affrik toward this valey is called Cirene And nere to the same be other two cities the one named Tolonia the other ThercoÌ„ beiond these thre cities be two quicksaÌ„des bytwen both the saÌ„des a cite named Leptis Beyond this cite of Leptis is a place named of the Romains PhylenoruÌ„ in english the auters of two brethern called Philenis bicause these two brethern suffred theÌ„ selfe to be quicke buried in the same place for the commeÌ„ wele of their couÌ„tre wherof thistory herafter shal be writteÌ„ at more oportunite This place diuideth the dominioÌ„ of Carthage from Egipt on the side After this place on the side costs be other cities belonging to the dominioÌ„ of Punike Al the places from thens forth to Mauritany or land of the Mauriens be vnder subieccioÌ„ of the Numidians The Mauriens haue theyr habitacion nere to Hispaine But as we rede the Getulians haue theyr habitacioÌ„ beiond the NumidiaÌ„s some in pore lodgis some other more vilely wtout habitacioÌ„ wandring as vagabuÌ„des Beyonde these GetuliaÌ„s is the land of Ethiope froÌ„ thens forth be couÌ„treis so brent with feruour of the soÌ„ne that they be inhabitable But duriÌ„g this war bitwene the RomaiÌ„s Iugurth the Romains had iÌ„ their possessioÌ„ many townes of Punike much of the costes of theÌ„pire of Carthage ruled the same by officers vnder theÌ„ therto assigned A gret part of Numidy of the Getulians vnto a flode named MuluchaÌ„ was vnder the dominioÌ„ of Iugurth Ouer al the MauriaÌ„s raigned one kinge named Bocchus of whoÌ„ the RomaiÌ„s had no knowledge saue of his name only And before this bataile he was nother in peace nor in war acquainted nor knoweÌ„ of the Romains Of Affrik of thinhabitauÌ„tes of the same ynough is spoken
prince and soueraigne of all the worlde They sayde Cesar was driuen therto by reason that through his great and large liberalitie he owed aboue DCCC.xxx talentes Some saye that all these thynges were feyned and blowen abrode by their enemies and shoulde in no wyse be beleued that so noble men shoulde confederate them selues with Lentulus Catiline and Cethegus desperate caitiues What certeine knowledge I haue of eyther of them I wyl after in place conuenient declare But when these men that I haue rehersed were there assembled together Catiline tooke them a parte and thus he sayde ¶ The oracion of L Catiline to hys felowes of the conspiracie Cap. v. YOVRE incredible faythefulnes and the great fortitude and manhode that I haue alwaye perceiued in you dothe encourage my herte yea and putteth me in greate hope not onelye to recouer libertie but also to enlarge and augmente our olde dignitie For whan I loke and well beholde eche of you I se no man in this companye that hath not done some noble and worthye acte ne no man but that he derely tēdereth my welth ne no man but either he hath done me pleasure or els I him ne no man but that I am bounde to remembre for euer more his goodnes toward me And therfore now I haue no feare to disclose and open vnto you what I purpose and intende nor I haue no drede nor mistruste but that eche of you wil endeuour hym to the vttermoste of your power to accomplysshe and bringe to effecte that that I shall shewe you For the olde lawe of iuste and trewe amitie that of a longe time hath ben betwene vs is that frendes shulde alwaye wyll one thynge nor there is no bonde of frendshyppe more certayne and sure then the consent and societie of counsayll and wyll And therfore in this cause most specially your wyls and myne ought to be one for soo moche as ye shall well perceiue that those thinges that my harte so sore desyreth to bringe to passe are egally good and euyll bothe for you and me Oftentimes by my selfe thinking on the miseries that we many yeres haue benne wrapped in and as me semeth shall be styll onlesse your moste prudente wysedomes woll prouide remedy I am wonte to call to remembraunce what a wretched life we shal leade in time to come without we set our selfe at libertie For I nede not to reherse to you your selfe beare it well inoughe in in remembraunce howe many and dyuers hurtes and griefes we haue endured sithe the moste common wele through the crueltie of certayne vngratious persones was permitted and let slippe to be vnder the rule order and power of a fewe and suche as began to take more vpon them then all the rest besyde For I lettinge passe to reherse the mishappe and chaunce that ech of vs hath had you maye with one regarde beholde all vs that be here noble stronge and valiante men whiche often tymes for the common weale haue not eschewed perylles moste greate and greuous and hauynge neyther lande nor rent lefte as wretches nedy sorowfull and out castes haue as moche as we can do to defende our liues fame citie and goodes But they whiche violate vexe and trouble all together bothe the lawe of god and mā not onely walowinge in riches and welthe pleasantlye passe awaye theyr tyme where they luste but also euery thynge beinge done at theyr commaundement and wyl seke wayes and meanes to attrappe and destroye the moste noble and valiant men of our citie and they them selfe are in doubte of nothinge finallye theye haue and exercise a regall power I haue no word more greuous when I name this royal power but surely theyr power is greatter than a kinges What kingdome was there euer that had mo kynges at one tyme what kinge was there euer so mightie and soo stronge the whiche had a power to constitute and make kynges But these men haue full power to rule all prouinces and depriue free nacions of theyr landes and to geue and dispose other mennes royalmes and kyngedomes To these men all the whole world kynges princes and straunge nacions haue ben alwaies tributours And so they haue all the power fauoure ryches worshyp and honoure To the satisfiynge of the whole couetousenes surelye it semeth all the whole worlde is to lyttell and ouer straite But nowe if they wolde seeke only to haue the power riches and honoure they shulde be to vs greuous but yet they mought be suffered and borne But what is he that can endure and suffer that they hauynge abundance of cattell golde syluer iuorie ryche araye costlye howsholde stuffe and other thynges shulde daylye lye in awaite to catche vs in some snare that are nedy and want al these thynges and that are with their boastynges and bragges greuouslye wronged ye and beside that to goo aboute styl to depriue vs of this oure sorowfull and most wretched lyfe We are sore thretened and are in perpetuall peryll and dreede of them oure iudgementes and puttynge from all roumes and offices are prepared Whyche thynges howe longe wyll you most valiaunte and noble men pacientlye beare and suffer Were it not better for a man a thousande tymes to dye then to lyue in that citye where he is an abiecte contemned and despised of all other desperate and forsaken tremblynge and quakynge mistrustinge his owne affaires not so hardye to speke without lybertie without auctorite and wythout any shappe of free man Yea and to be subiecte to those the whiche if wee had a common weale wolde be in feare and dreede of vs. Wherfore moste hardy and valiant men let vs at laste shake of our stuggishenesse and let vs take suche hart and courage as besemeth noble Romaynes borne Our forefathers coulde not suffre the proude kynge Tarquimus and canne we suffer not one kynge but many moste cruell tyrantes Surely I will neuer leaue you I wyll monishe you I wyll teache and instructe you I wyll alwaye declare to you what I thynke beste to be done there shall no tyme escape me neyther night nor daye but that I woll minde and imagine what soo euer concerninge oure libertye ought to be thought on that thynge that oughte to be entreprised and done wyll not I make courtsye to doo but shall desyre and praye you to haue the doinge therof fynally I wyll do that that becometh a worthy Romayne to do that is for our libertie I wyll put my life in ieoperdy But I protest before god and man that the victorie is in our handes if we wyll playe the men We haue here at hande Syllas souldiours withe all theyr fauour strengthe and one assente redye to ayde vs by whose sodeyne commynge we shall shortelye haue a stronge and sure hoste of men With like diligence fauour and loue to recouer libertie the moste bolde and valiante men Gn. Piso and P. Siccinius Nucerius haue conspired with vs of the whiche the tone is in the hither Spayne with a great
lordeshyp honour and authorite by fraude and falshode rather then by very vertue or good meanes and laudable After such maner as if the offyce of a hye Juge of a Tresourer a Cōsull a Prouost and all suche other great offices were noble excellente of them selfe And nat in maners as if suche offices shulde be counted of worthines and dignite after as the vertue and honour is of such as rule in the same offices and by rowmes But playnlye affirmynge the treuth the man maketh the office noble and worsshypefull yf his maners shyne by vertue But yf his conuersacion be contrary no offyce no rowme can make hym noble nor worshypfull But this omittyng I haue proceded in this prologue wyth ouer ferre circumstaunce and also wyth somewhat to moche libertie of wordes more than in a preface is requisite for that it pyteeth me of these tedious maners of this oure citye of Rome But now wyl I come to my mater purposed and fyrst interpryse begonne ¶ Of what matter Salust intendeth to treate in proces of hys boke and what causes moueth hym of suche mater to wryte The fyrste Chapter IN this warke I purpose to wrytte of the warre whiche the Romaynes had an executed agaynste the tyrannye Iugurthe wronfully vsurpyng the name of a kynge ouer the lande of Numidy Many causes moueth me by writinge to commend this warre to perpetuall memory Fyrst for that in the same was foughten at many tymes with greate multitude of men on eyther partie with moche cruell murdre and variable victorye the Romaines sometyme sometyme the Iugurthius preuaylyng in victory Forthermore bycause that fyrst at this batayle and from thens forwarde the commen people of Rome matched with the princes resistynge theyr pryde For where as before this tyme the noble men of Rome oppressed subdued the commens with vnresonable rigoure the commens elect one named Marius a man of basse byrth to be cōsul of Rome and captayne in this batayle whiche after he had obtayned victory ouer Iugurth with greate glorye triumph and fauoure of the commentie he supported thē in suche wyse agaynst the noble men that of the same rose a cyuile bataile and greuous discorde betwene the noble men and commens of Rome Marius maintenyng the commens partie and Silla susteyninge that partie of the noble men In somoch that finallye bytwene these two partes and captayns of the same was foughten an vnkynde vnnaturall and cruell batell to the greuous ruine of the Romaine empire and subuercion of the cōmen wele whiche contention and variaunce confounded bothe the lawes of god and man and by the same were all good ordinaunces disordred And this same furious debate and folye proceded at last to so vnresonable madnesse excecate fury that it neuer desisted nor this varyaunce and discencion bytwene the noble men and commens neuer ceased tyll tyme that cruell mortall batayle foughten bytwene both parties tyl tyme that also distructiō of the land of Italy compelled both parties at last to consyder theyr owne blynde folye and cruell furor so finallye to mittigate and fynishe theyr debate and vnresonable dyssencion But fyrst or I begyn to write of this batell I shall repeate and declare a few thinges done before this war began to th entent that al thinges moost chiefe worthye expedient to be knowē may be more euidēt open clere to the reders ¶ How the kynge Massinissa came into the fauoure of the Romayns and howe the lande of Numydy was commytted vnto hym The second Chapter THe Romayns had thre notable famous batayls agaynste the Carthaginences in whiche the same Romayns had great dāmage Howe be it in conclusion of euery batayle they wanne victorye of theyr ennemyes in the seconde of these batailes what tyme Haniball duke and captayne of the Carthaginences wasted the welth and riches of Italy more thā any other enemy had euer done before after the Romayns beganne to haue any greate name and to delate theyr dominion A famous prince named Massinissa kynge of the lande of Numydy was receyued into frindshippe and fauour of the Romaynes by one Publius Scipio captayne of the sayd Romaynes whiche Scipio afterward for his manhode was named Scipio affrycan bycause he ouer came and subdued the lande of Affrike This Massinissa so receyued into fauour of the Romayns in the foresayde batayle dyd many noble and famous actes of chyualry with hygh valiantise and corage For whiche dedes after the Romayns had ouercome the Carthaginences and theyr citie and after they had taken prisoner the king Sciphax which had in Affrik a worthy great and large impire the people of Rome gaue frely vnto the same kynge Massinissa all suche cities and landes as they had taken and wone in batayle For whiche benefites so magnificent and ample Massinissa cōtinued vnto them in profitable and faythful frendshyp hys life induring but at last his lyfe ended and the welth of his empire decayed also with hym This kynge departyng lefte behynd hym thre sonnes whose names were Macipsa Manastaball and Galussa of whome Micipsa suceded his father and alone obtayned the kyngedome after that the other two brethern Manastabal and Galussa were departed frome this lyfe by sickenesse This Micipsa had two sonnes named Adherball Hiempsall But Manastaball his brother which departed as sayd is left behynd him one sonne nat lauflly borne but a bastarde begoten of his cōcubine wherfore departing he lefte hym orbate withoute lande or lyuelode This consyderinge Micipsa suffered hym nat to faute nor decaye but forasmoche as he was his brothers sonne receyued hym into his court hym cherished in lyke wise as he dyd his owne sonnes Adherbal Hiemsal This Iugurth after that he was a lytel growen vp to age was myghty in strength comely and fayre of face but moost of all excellente of wyt wysedome Nor he gaue nat hym selfe to be corrupte with lust nor incraftye slouthe but as is the custome maner of the people of Numidi hymselfe he exercised somtyme in rydyng somtime in castyng the dart iustyng somtyme in ronnyng wrestlynge with his companyons of lyke age And nat with standyng that in laud and prayse he passed al his peres yet none enuied hym but he was derely beloued cheryshed lauded of al men Moreouer he passed moche of his tyme in huntynge of wyld bestes which in that land habounded he was the firste or one amonge the firste which durst assaile and stryke the lyon and other cruell and wylde bestes he dyde moche lytel sayd or bosted of hymselfe For suche demeanour his vncle Micipsa at first begynnynge was gladde and ioyefull supposynge that in tyme to come the manly behauour strength of Iugurth shuld be glory honour to al his kyngdome But afterwarde in processe of tyme whan he cōsydred vnderstode his lyfe approchinge fast to ende hys naturall sonnes yonge and vnexperte And this yonge man Iugurth in honour and fauour dayly encreasing more and more
he reueyled many thynges in minde greatly moued with such solicitude and busenesse Forthermore he consydred that all men of kynde be naturally inclyned to desyre to rule and commaunde by lordeshyppe rather than to be ruled and subiecte And howe man is proue and hedlyng inclined to fulfyll the desyers of his mynde dredynge no daungers nor suspectynge no peryl while he is excecate by ambicion and desyre of lordship Moreouer aduisyng the oportunite of his owne age of the age of his chyldren whiche for youth were not able to resyst any power or violence which oportunite is wonte to be not small confort audacite and courage not onelye to bolde hertes but also to meane men and cowardes intendyng to conspyre agaynst theyr princes in hope of praye and promocions Suche consyderacyons feared sore the mynde of Micipsa besyde these hys drede and doloure was augmented whan he behelde the fauoure and hertes of all his subiectes of the lande of Numidy vtterly inclyned to Iugurth wherefore to put to death the same Iugurth by anye gyle as hys purpose was to to he dreade moost of all dowtynge leste thereof myght succede bytwene hym and hys subiectes some insurrexion or battayle Micipsa compased on euery syde wyth these dyfficultyes was soore troubled in mind And whā he saw the nother by strēgth nor gyle he might destroy a man so well beloued of the commens as was Iugurth at last he deuised an other waye to ryde hym and that without daunger or suspeccion wherfore wherfore Micipsa aduertynge that Iugurth was redy of hande to strike auenterous moche desyrous of honour and laude of chiualry he concluded with himselfe to obiect hym to daunger peryl of war and by that meane to assay the fortune of batayle ¶ Now at the same seasō the Romains warred against a cite of Hispayne named Numaunce vnto which war diuers kinges to the commens associate sent vnto them succours agaynst the same cite Among whom Micipsa also sent a fayre companye of horsmen and fotemen ouer whome he made Iugurth captaine and sent hym forth wyth them into Hispayne trustynge that there he lyghtlye shulde be ouerthrowen and slayne in batayle other in shewynge his manhod and strength or els by fyersnes and crueltye of his enemyes But this thynge fortuned moche contrary to his opinion For Iugurth was of mynde and courage valiaunt and bolde and of wytte quicke and redye so that after he had parceyued the disposision behauour and maners of Publius Scipio at that tyme captayne of the Romains and whā he had consydred also the maners of his ennemyes he behaued hymselfe in such wise with moch labour besines and cure in obeynge his captayne with so good maner and often tymes countryng his enemies without dred of perill In somoch that within shorte tyme he came to so great fame and worshyppe that vnto the Romayns he was marueylous dere and well beloued and of the Numantines dreade as deth and certaynly among the chefyst he was worthy and valiaunte in batayle and also good of counsell of wysedome pregnaunt and circumspect Whiche two thinges be muche harde to be in one man both togyder for wysedome is often wonte to make men aferde and to drede many peryls because of prouidence But boldnes and audacite causeth men to be rasshe and folehardy bycause of stout courage But his wysedome directed his strength and his strengthe was obediente to wysdome Wherfore Scipio the captaine dyd almost euery ieopardous and whyghty thing by hande and counsell of Iugurth hym countynge among his chefe frendes and daily cherysshed him more and more and no marueyle for there was no counsell nor interprise begone of Iugurth frustrate or in vayne but all came to good effect Besyde these gyftes aboue sayd he was curtes of mynde lyberal and of wyt right discreate and prudent by which giftes he adioyned vnto hym many of the Romayns in familier frendshype At that same season in the army of Rome were ryghte many newe and also auncient gentylmen whiche sette more by riches than goodnes or honeste At home in Rome were they sowers of dyscord and debatful great in fame among the frendes of the Romains But more famous by worshyppe and rowme than by honest conuersacion These kyndled the mynde of Iugurth nat a lytell-promising often tymes and sayenge to set his corage on fyre that if the kyng Micipsa discessed the time shulde come that Iugurth alone shulde enioye the hole kyngdome of Numidy wythout any partiner For in hym they sayde was greate vertue greate manhode strength and audacite wyth wisedome able to gouerne suche a kyngdō and nothing was so iniust and false but that might be iustified at Rome for gold and all thynges were there to be sold by couetyse of noble men ¶ Howe Publius Scipio counselled Iugurth at his departyng after the cyte of Numance was dystroyed The thyrde Chapter THus contynued Iugurth in the Romains army in Hispayne wyth greate fauoure of the Romains and namely of Scipio the captaine tyll at last the army of Rome had distroyed the sayde citie of Numance Thā Publius Scipio cōcluded to retourne agayne to Rome and to congye and lycence suche socours as were sente vnto him from other kynges amonge all other he called Iugurth vnto him and before the multitude of all the army assembled lauded and commended him magnificently recitynge his glorious actes and manly dedes of chyualry And after that worthely and rychelye rewarded hym for his labours This done he conueied hym into the captains tente and there secretly warned hym that he shuld continue and worshyp the frindeship of the people of Rome rather hole togyder and comenly thā priuatly leanyng to any singuler rulers Moreouer addynge these monicions that he shulde nat rather rewarde and be liberall to a fewe priuatly than to a hole commente sayeng that it was a perillous thyng to bye that of a fewe persons whiche belonge vnto many in commen If he wolde perseuer and continue in so noble condicions as he had begon he shulde shortely come to greate honour glory and dignite royall more than he wolde desyre But if he wolde procede and labour to ascende ouer hastely than shulde both he and his ryches fall heedlynge to ruyne and decaye After Scipio had sayd these wordes with suche like he licensed Iugurth to depart and sent him vnto his vncle Mycipsa againe into the lande of Numidy wyth letters directe vnto the same kynge Micipsa of whiche letters the tenure and sentence hereafter ensueth and was suche ¶ The sentence of the letter dyrect from Publius Scipio captaine of the Romayne army in Hyspayne vnto Micipsa kynge of Numidy The fourthe Chapter PVblius Scipio Captaine of the Romayne army in Hispayne sendeth helth and salutacion to Micipsa kynge of Numidy frende felowe of the empire of Rome The vertue strength and noblenes of your neuewe Iugurth whome ye sent vnto our socours hathe bene proued in this warre of Numance ferre excellent aboue any other warriour of our
of the place Anone as the Numidians had foūde him they slewe him without any mecri And as they were commaunded cutte of his hed brought the same to Iugurth but shortly after the fame of this cruell tyrannous dede was diuulgate ouer spred all the landes of Affrike Adherball and all they whiche were vnder subieccion of Micipsa whyle he lyued were sore troubled and abasshed with fere for this tyrannous crueltie of Iugurth The Numidians anone duyded themselfe into two parties The moost part drewe and leaned to Adherball but suche as were most manly and best to batayle drew them to the other parte and leaned to Iugurth Wherfore he made redy as great an armie as he myght ioininge vnto him and bringing vnder his subieccion the townes and cities of Numidi some by violence some other by theyr owne volūtary will Insomoch that finally he kept vnder his subieccion and bondage the hole lande of Numidy But notwithstanding that Adherbal had sent embassadours to Rome to certify the senatours of the deth of his brother how cowardly he was murdred also to informe thē of his own miserable fortune in what case he was neuer thelesse he made himselfe redy to fyght with Iugurth as he which had trust confidence in multitude of his souldyours assembled redy to batayle ¶ Howe Iugurth ouercame Adherball in battayl and putte hym to flyght howe Adherball fledde to Rome to complayne to the senatours and howe Iugurth accloyed wyth rewardes many of the rulers of Rome by whose fauour hys crueltie was defended The .ix. Chapter NOwe had Iugurth assembled hys hoost redy vnto batayle not lyke in multitude of the company of Adharbal but as I sayd before moche bolder better experte and exercised in warre On the other partie Adherball had his people redy apointed both the armyes approched togider But whan they ioyned batayle whan it came to byckerynge that the matter must be tryed with strokes Anone Adherball was vanquished and to saue his life fledde from the batayle into a prouince marchynge on the land of Numidi from thens with all hast sped him vnto Rome to complayne his miserable fortune to requyre socours as I shall after warde declare But thā Iugurth whē he had al the land of Numidy at his pleasure counselled with his frendes of many thinges At conclusion whan he considred himself that he had slaine Hiempsall and chased Adherball out of his kingdome whan he was ydle at rest he oftē secretly reuolued in mynd his owne crueltie sore dredyng what punisshmēt the Romains wold ordeine agaynst the same Nor against the ire displeasure of the Romains had he none other hope nor conforte saue in the couetyse of the noble men of Rome and in thabundaunce of his treasoure wherwith he trusted to corrupte the rulers of Rome to be fauorable to him This consydred within fewe dayes after he sent to Rome embassadours with moche golde siluer to whome he gaue in commaundement that first of al they shuld satisfy his olde frendes with rewardes and money and thā to spare no gyftes to get vnto him mo new frendes And brefely that they shulde not spare nor tary to procure vnto him fauourers mainteiners of his part and all thinges for his auauntage by giftes promisses But after these embassadours were come to Rome according to the cōmaundement of theyr king they gaue sent to his acquayntaunce and frendes and to suche as among the senatours at that time had most authorite large and great rewardes In somoche that anone among thē was so great a chaunge that the maruelous enuy hatred euyl wil which they had agaynst Iugurth was al chaunged into fauour grace among the noble men Of whome some wer so induced by gyftes receyued some other by hope of brybes in tyme to come that they went about among the senatours from one to one labourynge intreatyng that at that season nothyng shuld be extremely nor greuously determined against Iugurth Thus after the embassadours of Iugurth hadde confidence and trust ynough in theyr cause they laboured to haue a day apointed to apere in courte The day of apearaunce was graunted as wel to them as to Adherball to Adherball as playntife and to the embassadours as defendentes for Iugurth whan the daye assigned was come bothe the parties appered in courte before the senatours than after audience graunted Adherball began to speke vnder forme folowynge for complainte and declaracion of his iniuries and oppression ¶ Here insueth the oration of Adherball deuysed in forme deliberatiue in whiche he exhorteth the senatours to commaunde socours and ayde to be assigned vnto hym prouynge the same to be profytable honest and easy to the Romaines to do profitable that he myght continue a frende vnto the empyre of Rome honest for his father and graunfather hadde so deserued easy to be done for the Romains at that tyme had no other warre els where The .x. Chapter MOost discrete chosen fathers and noble senatours Micipsa my father at houre of his deth commaunded me that I shulde thinke nought els of the land of Numidie to apertaine to me saue onely the rule and admynistracion of the same affirmynge that the title of possession and empire of the same belonged to you and to the people of Rome Moreouer he gaue me in commaūdemente to do my deuoure to be vnto you seruisable aboue all thinges both in place and warre And that I shulde count you vnto me in place of kynsmen and nerest frendes of alyaunce Saienge that if I so dyd thā by your amite and frendshyppe I shuld fynde socoure riches and defence of the kyngdome of Numidy and of me and myne all tymes of nede whiche preceptes of my father whyle I caste in mynde to obserue sodaynlye Iugurthe the moost cruell and cursed of all men whome the grounde susteyneth dyspisynge youre empyre hathe dryuen me frome youre kyngdome and frome all my other goodes of fortune nothynge regardynge that I am neuewe of Massiniss◠and by myne auncestry a felowe and frende of the empyre and people of Roome But certaynlye worthye and chosen fathers sythe I am come to that myserye that necessytye constrayneth me to desyre youre ayde and succoures I wolde moche rather that I myghte call for youre helpe for myne owne merytes agaynste you doone than for the merytes of my forefathers and that by suche meanes of myne owne deseruynge youre benefytes and socours were due vnto me whiche wolde God that I neded not at all but yf this youre socoures myghte soo of you be desyred by my merytes and deseruynge than shulde I call boldlye to you and vse youre socours of duetye as myne auncestrye haue doone in tymes passed But nowe sythe it is soo that honeste lyfe and innocencye in thys worlde fyndeth lytell surenesse by theim selfe wythoute protection of some other Moreouer syth it was not in my power to mitigate nor to withstande this tyrannous iniurye
the batail almost had optained victory dyd his diligence to incourage and support his company and to maintaine that auantage which he had won And at conclusion al in vaine For while he labored there about as a worthy captaine the speremē of the Romayns so cōpassed hym and his company about both on the ryght syde on the lyft that all his garde other which were about hym at cōclusion wer slain But he him selfe glad to saue his lyfe brake forth alone from among the mids of his enemies and from wepons dartes with great difficultie ¶ But in the meane tyme Marius had ouercome and driuen away the horsemen which assayled hym Wherefore anone he retourned fiersely to helpe and socour his company whom he vnderstode somewhat put backe by violence of their enemies But he by his pollicy and valiant deedes anone so reconforted his men that none of hys ennemies were able to withstand their vyolence in anye part of that batayle ¶ Thus finally the Romains after greate labour and manye greuous woundes disconfited their enemies on euery side But whā the batail was ended and the Romains began to pursue the chase then verelye it was a pytefull horrible syght to beholde in the open fieldes and to cōsider the cruell spectacle of bataile How some fled some pursued some inraged murdring some rored dieng some slaine some taken prisoners The horse and men myngled together laboring in the panges of deth The grounde ouerspred with dead corpses mangled mutulate horribly hewen inuolued in blud congeled The horses wounded as mad drewe after thē the dead carcases of their maisters their legges hanging in the stiropes and their speares halfe thorowe theire bodyes trailing after in the dust The coursers wounded and fleinge caste vp with their fete the dust tempered wyth blod renning ouer the dead bodies of their lords Many of the Numidiens whyche were sore wounded coude neyther fle nor be suffred to take rest on the grounde Somtime they laboured to rise and auoide and anone after for feblenes fel downe to the grounde againe eche rowling and turning in others blod And finalli as far as any mans sight might extend al the ground was ouerspred couered with armour wepen dead carions rennyng of blode And all the grounde infect with the same horryble to beholde ¶ Howe Bocchus after that he was thus twyse ouercome in batayle purposed to make peace with the Romayns and howe at hys request Marius sende vnto hym Sylla and Manlius to knowe his mynd in that behalfe The .lviii. Chapter AFter that this batel was thus ended to the vtter damage distruction of the Numidyans and to the lande and honour of the Romains Marius was nowe without dout ouercomer and victour and wente vnto the towne of Cirtha as his iournay purpose was at firste beginning before these two batayls Whā Marius had soiorned there fyue dayes after this batayle there came vnto him embassadours from kynge Bocchus Whiche in their kynges behalfe desired of Marius to sende vnto hym two of the most trustie men whiche he had saying that he wolde cōmen and treate with thē of diuers businesses both for his owne profite for profet auantage of the Romains also Marius without tary send forth Sylla for one and Aulus Mālius for an other Whan they were come to kynge Bocchus howe be it he had sende for them to commen with them in his matters Neuertheles it was concluded betwene them to speke to hym firste to th entent to kyndle and inflame his mynde more againste Iugurth or els seynge hym somwhat desirous willing to haue peace to prouoke hym with more desyre therto Wherfore Sylla to whom Manlius gaue place not for his age but for his eloquēce begā spake to Bocchus in maner as foloweth ¶ Of the wordes of Sylla treasourer of the Romayne armye had before kynge Bocchus The .lix. Chapter KYnge Bocchus we haue greate gladnes ioye syth it is so that the goddes haue thus admonished enspired you so noble a man that at laste ye haue reputed peace better and more acceptable than warre lest ye might dishonest defile your worthinesse by associatyng your selfe to the moost vnhappy tyranne Iugurth And also we are glad that ye haue auoyded the occasion necessitie wherby we were moued to pursue in batayle you beinge ignorant of our quarell and in the company of the sayd most cursed Iugurth tyran and enemie to thempire of Rome And certenly the people of Rome euer sith their poore simple small beginning haue thought it better to wyn frinds thē seruātes or bondmen also they haue thought it a muche surer thing to haue vnder their empire such as willingly of their owne mocion wolde yelde themselfe than such as they haue constrained therto against their wyl But verily no frendship is more necessary to you thā our amite or frendship At first of al bycause we and ye be farre in sonder wherby we shal haue les power to greue you or to put you to any charge by reason of our frendship But our fauour and thankes may be as redy to you as if we were nere together considering the many greate frendes whiche we haue not far from your marches And also vnto thempire of Rome be obeyers subiectes and seruantes abundantly But as touching louers and frendes we nor none other can haue sufficiently ynough For this consideracion kinge Bocchus your frendship shal be more acceptable vnto vs. And wolde god it had pleased you thus to haue done at the begynning to this warre Forsoth if ye hadde so done than shulde ye before this time haue receyued of the Romains mo cōmodites auantages and good dedes than ye haue nowe suffred losse damages or hurtes But while it is so that mānes dedes besinesses for the most part be ruled by fortune to which fortune it hath plesed that ye shuld both proue and assay our myght and violence in bataile also our loue and fauour in peace Therfore nowe sithe amytie is proferred to you by suffraunce of fortune and sithe it is laufull to you to take it be not slowe from hens forward but hastely proced as ye haue begon that ye may proue the Romayns frendes to you lyke as ye haue proued them enemies before this tyme. Ye haue many expedient oportunites and necessary commodites by whom ye maye make amendes with your good dedes for that ye haue offended agaynste the Romayns and ouerpasse your olde fames with newe kindnesses and benefites and finally fix this in your hert that ye or ani other shal neuer ouercome the peple of Rome with kyndnes or good dedes And as touchinge their hatered of what might they ar in batail ye your self know that by profe and experience Wherfore procede in acquiring of their frendshyp whiche gladly shal be graunted vnto you yf your merites shal so deserue ¶ Of the answere of Bocchus made to Sylla and of the vnstablenes
Mayre as his age serued him thoughe he were a newe gentylman yet hauynge truge in his vertuous demeanoure beganne to require the consulshyp For before that tyme the nobilitie kepte that dignitie with strength and wisedome to them selfe Nor there was no newe gentleman consull of a longe season before But of these .vij. Cassius Galba Cornificius and Licinius were slower in requiring the consulshyp then they made for But Catiline hauing great hope to be consull ranne frome tribe to tribe and called vpon and went in hande with all those that vsed at eleccion of the hyghe officers to deale money and gyue rewardes on the behalfe of the noble men and he despised M. Tully Cicero and denyed that a straunger myghte striue with hym before an egall iudge he tooke Antonius as his felowe in office and not as one that stroue with hym to be consull For they two were agreed together to shyfte Cicero beside the consulshyp throughe the assured helpe of M. Crassus and C. Ceaser Ambicion was extremely in vre in those dayes For Catiline and Antonius dyd all that they coulde wyth exceadinge greate gyftes and rewardes too come to the consulshyppe Wherefore throughe the perswasion that Cicero made there vpon in the senate house the Senatoures decreed that a newe lawe shulde be made againste ambicion and the penalte thereof augmented And because Q. Mutius Oressinus the profectour of the commontie wolde haue letted this decree to go forthe to the sore and greuouse displeasure of the Senatoures Cicero rose vp and ryghte sharpelye rebuked Q. Mutius and vehementlye inuehed againste L. Catiline and C. Antonius with manye and fauorable murmuracions of the hole senate therunto And in that same oracion spekynge vnto Catiline the whiche a fewe dayes before was by preuaricacion and falsehod quite of pelye theft he prophecied and saide O thou wretche that doste not perceiue that thou were not clerely quite and deliuered by that iudgemente but reserued to suffer a sharper and more greuous punyshment And at the very same tyme of eleccion a rumoure was spredde abrode amonge the commons that certaine citizens were confederate and agreed together to oppresse the common weale and to murther and slee the Senatours The ground and begynner of this rumoure was Q. Curius felowe and partener of all theire counsaylynges the whiche kepte paramoure one Fuluia not onely a ryghte noble but also a notable woman This man beynge hollye geuen to bodelye pleasure ydlenes and vanities to the intent he myghte throughe hope of the conspiracie allure her the better to loue and fauoure hym he tolde to her all the counsayles of the conspiratoures Nowe as the nature of women is the whych can neyther kepe in secrete thinges nor hyde priuities and rather wyll a womanne quenche flame in a burnynge mouthe than keepe counsayle So this Fuluia tolde vnto manye and diuers all that euer she herde of Curius withoute namynge anye of the conspiratoures This thynge holpe and greatlye furthered Cicero to bee consull For all that desyred to saue and defend the common weale from that myschief incontinent went and stacke to Cicero as to a man that naturally was inclined to reste and peace and that had the knoweledge of warfare and experience in all other kynde of businesse Thus than when it came to the election Cicero was chosen consul with suche sauour and affection of all the people as fewe of the nobilitie had ben but neuer no newe gentlemanne before him Antonius had a fewe mo Centurians than Catiline And all be it that he had an yll name for in Sillas victorye he behaued him selfe cruellye and spoyled and pilled the countrey of Achaia and beinge accused therof refused to come and make answere and was greatlye indetted to diuers men and finallye for his dishonestie was by the senatours remoued and put out of the Senate yet partly bycause the other desirers of the consulshyp waxed slacke as I saide before and partelye for the noble remembraunce and worthye renowne of his father he was better fauoured and had clerely moo handes then Catiline Also the plaies and enterludes furthered gretly Antonius towarde the opteynyng of the consulship the whiche he fyrste of al the Romaynes made moste magnificently and richely on syluer stages whome L Murena ensued the whiche the nexte yeare folowinge caused the playes to be made before the peple with most gay and gorgiouse apparayle and also with syluer stages Those playes maruaylously delyted the people And althoughe Cicero that moste excellent lerned man was far distant from the opinion of the common people whiche also made thre playes in the time of his edileship yet he sayde that he alsoo had a siluer stage that required to haue the consulshyp But the furye of Catyline althoughe his peticion tooke no place dimynished not but dayly made greate preparation he assayed and solicited manye thinges he appointed armoure in dyuers partes of Italye that were oportune for his purpose He sente C. Manlius a braynsycke bolde man of his band into Hetruria to styrre vp Sillas soludiours and to prepare 〈◊〉 armye and he commanded hym to be redy in armes 〈◊〉 daye of Nouembre And sayde that for as moche as fortune dyd ofte greately helpe in chosinge of the consuls he wolde yet ones againe the next yeare desire and make labour to be consull and in the meane tyme to laye awayt to attrappe Cicero to prepare to murther and sle the noble men of Rome And within a fewe monthes after L. Lucullus that most noble man that to speake in his cause was moste prompt and redye accused hym amonge the murtherers but through the helpe of manye noble men and by the sentence and iudgement of a greate nombre he was quite This is he the noble and myghtye man Lucullus that warred agaynste the moste puissante kinge Mithridates from the whiche warre he returninge home as conqueroure throughe detraction of his ennemies was let from his triumphe by the space of thre yeres but by the worthy ayde and diligence of Cicero in hys consulshyp he syttynge in a chare mooste noble and ryche was tryumphantly conueyed into the Capytoll And he was afterwarde mooste speciall ayde and helpe to Cicero to quenche this ferefull firebrande of conspiracye But after that Cicero had the firste daye of Ienuary taken on hym the rule and goueraaunce of the common weale the which through suspicion of the lawe Agraria was full of trouble and feare he delyuered the Senatoures and all other good honest men from drede ¶ Power that had ben gyuen of the Decemuiri by the law Agraria if Cicero had not resisted Cap. viii THERE were certaine of the Protectours of the commontie whiche indeuoured theim to haue the lawe Agraria of â—reatinge the Decemuiri with imperiall auctoritie to be publyshed to whome by that lawe it was permitted to goo throughe the hole worlde with mooste hyghe and souerayne auctoritie to depriue fre nacions of their landes to take kyngedomes frome whome they
wolde and to make and call kinges whome they pleased to knowe and to hear the causes of al maner of peple to taxe men wythout counsaile to punyshe men withoute any appellacion and it was permitted to theym for the space of fyue yeres to iudge the consuls and protectoures of the comontie and no man myght iudge them They myght remayne at Rome when they wolde and mought be absent when it was to them commodious Also it was laufull for them to deuide and sel all the fieldes that weere common in the countrey of Campana Stellata Bithinia and the common fieldes that were in Paphlagonia in Ponto Capadocia in Macedonia in Alexandria in Affrica and in Hispania Further they myghte sende men to inhabite certeine places or renewe the olde inhabitours and infinite power was geuen to them to make money innumerable And truely they had the name of Decemuiri but in verye dede they shulde haue constituted tenne Lordes ouer all the hole worlde The Senatoures were of these lawes sore in drede and the people had therby great hope of large liberalitie and rewards and of newe businesses for their profite These perturbacions and troubles of the citie weere very meete and oportune for Catiline and shulde moste speciallye haue holpen forwarde the conspiracie that gan to growe apace if the moste prudente pollicie of the consull had not prouided remedie for the matter For Cicero calling the protectours of the commontie to parliamente before the Senatours with suche greuous and sharpe wordes rebuked them that Rullus a man full of audacitie and wordes was sore afrayde and durste not ones speake After all this Cicero perceyuinge that they craked and bosted them selfe vehemently amonge the people and that the people moste highly lauded and praysed them he made an oration of suche grauitie that although the people had greatlye allowed the soresayde lawe yet in so turned mennes myndes and playnelye declared the sayde lawe to be contrarye to the profyte of the commontie that nothynge was so plausyble to the people as perswasion agaynste the lawe Agraria Then the peple forth with reproued the lawe and forsoke contemned and dispised theym that wente aboute to haue the lawe estahlyshed Thus the lawe Agraria that had beÌ„ alwayes so acceptable to the commons and that had caused so many and so greate troubles and busynesses was all hole throughe the counsayle and eloquence of Cicero repudiate and caste awaye So pleasaunte and swete of so greate strengthe and so copius ware Ciceros wordes that with tellynge his tale he coulde bring to passe what so euer he wolde ¶ Elas what a time be we in For nowe a dayes onlye the schole maysters in a maner do giue and lerne vs the preceptes of Eloquence and euery man for desire of luker and money gothe in hande to studye the lawe Whereof it folowethe that all we be but as baabes and can not declare and expresse that we haue conceiued in our myndes But nowe let vs retourne agayne to our purpose ¶ Cicero commeth by knowlege of the conspiracie Cap. ix THE lawe Agraria beinge reiected the consull intended fullye to take peyne to redresse and amende manye thynges that were amisse in the common weale And when he harde that manye troublous couÌ„sayles agaynste the state and quiete of the comon weale were taken partely before and partely siâ—he he was chosed consul he toke peyne bothe daye anâ— nighte to the ende to knowe what felowes they were that enterprysed and went about suche matters Thus moste diligeÌ„tly serchynge and inquiringe out the grounde of this rumour he founde that it came out fyrste by Fuliua and priuely he sente for her to come and speake with him to thentente she shulde enforme hym what she knew of the conspiracye he promysed her greate rewardes and also other whyle he thretned her that without she dyd open and confesse to hym the trouthe by fayre meanes he wolde constrayne her therto by torturs and peynes After that Fuluya had tolde hym that she herde it of Curius incontinent he sent for Curius And with moche fayre intreatinge monisshinge wythe manye fayre promyses and ofte threteninge be broughte to passe that D. Curius opened vnto hym all the fashion and order of the conspiracie Then Cicero exhorted Curius to disseÌ„ble the matter as moch as he might and so sente hym away in greate hope and trust to be wel rewarded But the consull perceyuynge that Catiline was chiefe and principall of the conspiracye and dredynge lest Antonius his companyon in office a troublous man and moste familiar frend to Caâ—iline shuld to hym consent and withe hym conspyre for he vnderstode nowe that Catiline had attempted him therto and that it was no thinge displesant to hym to heare speake of the conspiracie he lefte not to accuse him to stere hym to eschew infamy and prouoked and exhorted hym to folow that course wherin is gotte honoure and laude and to agre and conforme hym selfe to them that were in dede good and honorable and to holde on that waye that he sawe his noble auncestoures had gone At length with wisdome and lowely diligence he remoued him frome the counsayles of the conspyracy and broughte hym to folow his minde ¶ Cicero gaue ouer his businesse of Fraunce to C. Antonius and reconciled the chiualrye of Rome to the fauour of the Senatours Cap. x. THAN BY auctorytie of the Senatoures the prouince of Fraunce was decreed too Cicero the cause and matter of triumphes with an armye and moneye appoynted and furnyshed at the ful But he deemed it farre better for the common weale if he coulde deliuer it frome the snares and deceytes at home than if he shulde subdue that prouince to the publike weale for the vertue is no greatter to enlarge the marches of the empire than to defend them that were al redy won Nor the prayses of warre are no greatter then the ciuil policies for these consiste in counsayle and wisedome the other stand in the handes of fortune Wherfore the consull assembled a greate multitude together sayde ¶ Bycause the time and nede of the comman weale so required it he wolde not take on hym the busynes of Fraunce And leste that his companyon shoulde hyndre hym in defendynge the common weale by hys wisedome brought about that the busynes of Fraunce was appyonted to Antonius For if Cicero had not at that time bi some honorable meanes remoued Antonius froÌ„ counsaylynge with Catiline and from the citie I shal saye as I thynke of trouth the conspiracie had not ben quenched without great effusion of bloud And bycause he saw that Catiline laye dayly in awayte to attrappe hym he went alwaye well and strongely accompanyed withe his frendes and vsed also and had aboute hym the safegarde of his lyfe a pyked sorte of lustye yonge men of Aretta Furthermore he made agremeÌ„t betwene the knyghtes of Rome and the Senatoures with concorde beinge at al times moche necessarye was in that troublous season of the common weale moste