matter_n i_o conceive_v of_o the_o case_n i_o will_v ask_v then_o if_o our_o kentish_a gavelkynd-land_n be_v partible_fw-fr quatenus_fw-la gavelkynd_n i_o expect_v no_o other_o than_o a_o affirmative_a answer_n if_o so_o and_o admit_v withal_o that_o such_o property_n in_o gavelkynd-land_n owe_v itself_o to_o a_o custom_n accompany_v land_n of_o that_o nature_n yet_o i_o suppose_v it_o shall_v enjoy_v that_o property_n no_o long_o than_o the_o land_n itself_o continue_v to_o be_v gavelkynd_n which_o some_o hold_v it_o be_v not_o be_v once_o return_v and_o come_v back_o again_o into_o the_o lord_n hand_n the_o king_n especial_o be_v lord_n that_o grant_v it_o out_o in_o gavelkynd_n or_o of_o who_o it_o former_o hold_v in_o gavelkynd_n because_o then_o as_o tut_o cessante_fw-la causâ_fw-la sollitur_fw-la effectus_fw-la so_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o unity_n of_o possession_n the_o usu_n fructus_fw-la i_o can_v well_o english_a it_o be_v consolidate_v and_o make_v one_o with_o the_o property_n that_o property_n of_o be_v censual_a land_n which_o gavelkynd_n denote_v and_o which_o can_v be_v intend_v of_o any_o land_n hold_v in_o demesne_n and_o not_o in_o service_n cease_v and_o be_v quite_o extinguish_v there_o be_v require_v to_o make_v the_o land_n censual_a a_o censual_a tenant_n one_o that_o hold_v by_o censual_a service_n such_o as_o here_o be_v none_o especial_o in_o the_o king_n case_n when_o once_o the_o land_n be_v come_v home_o again_o reduce_v to_o its_o first_o principle_n and_o reunite_v to_o what_o like_o fief_n be_v oppose_v to_o service-land_n the_o lord_n inland_n or_o demesne-land_n as_o in_o the_o case_n of_o a_o common_a lord_n or_o to_o the_o crown_n 11._o à _fw-la quo_fw-la omne_fw-la feudamoventur_fw-la &_o âriuntur_fw-la the_o fountain_n whence_o all_o tenor_n be_v derive_v as_o in_o the_o king_n case_n from_o whence_o by_o the_o let_v it_o out_o in_o gavelkynd_n it_o be_v former_o sever_v to_o this_o purpose_n see_v petri_n gregorii_n tholosani_fw-la syntag._n jur._n univer_v lib._n 6._o cap._n 5._o num_fw-la 11._o but_o of_o this_o also_o hitherto_o for_o i_o hasten_v to_o a_o end_n proposition_n v._n whether_o before_o the_o statute_n of_o will_n 32._o and_o 34._o h._n 8._o gavelkynd-land_n in_o kent_n be_v deviseable_a or_o not_o in_o answer_v whereof_o hold_v with_o those_o which_o resolve_v it_o in_o the_o negative_a howbeit_o for_o my_o part_n not_o study_v partium_fw-la but_o veritatis_fw-la amore_fw-la i_o shall_v oppose_v to_o such_o as_o hold_v the_o contrary_a what_o argument_n be_v bring_v against_o they_o and_o their_o opinion_n in_o a_o case_n of_o mr._n hall_n of_o kent_n verbatim_o as_o i_o find_v they_o publish_v in_o print_n which_o here_o follow_v with_o their_o title_n reason_n and_o authority_n to_o prove_v that_o gavelkind-land_n in_o kent_n be_v not_o nor_o be_v ancient_o deviseable_a by_o custom_n first_o it_o be_v a_o rule_n in_o law_n that_o a_o assize_n of_o mortdancester_n do_v not_o lie_v of_o land_n which_o be_v deviseable_a by_o testament_n etc._n etc._n and_o this_o appear_v by_o divers_a book_n as_o namely_o 4._o edw._n 2._o mortdanc_fw-la 39_o 22._o assiz_n 78._o and_o fitz._n nat._n brevium_fw-la 196._o 1._o but_o it_o appear_v by_o bracton_n fol._n 276._o b._n that_o a_o assize_n of_o mortdancester_n will_v lie_v of_o gavelkind_a land_n in_o kent_n and_o so_o it_o appear_v by_o divers_a ancient_a record_n quod_fw-la vide_fw-la in_o itinere_fw-la johannis_n de_fw-fr berewicke_n etc._n etc._n anno_fw-la 21._o edw._n 1._o copia_fw-la fol._n 1_o 7_o 22_o 24._o &_o in_o itinere_fw-la h._n de_fw-fr stanton_n anno_fw-la 6._o edw._n 2._o copia_fw-la fol._n 1_o 8_o 9_o 10_o 13._o by_o which_o it_o appear_v plain_o that_o a_o assize_n of_o mortdancester_n lie_v of_o gavelkind_a land_n in_o kent_n but_o a_o assize_n of_o mortdancester_n do_v not_o lie_v of_o land_n within_o the_o city_n of_o canterbury_n because_o land_n be_v there_o deviseable_a by_o custom_n as_o it_o appear_v in_o dicto_fw-la itinere_fw-la h._n de_fw-fr stanton_n fol._n 3_o 4_o 6._o and_o it_o be_v evident_a that_o in_o the_o city_n of_o canterbury_n which_o be_v ancient_o part_v of_o the_o county_n of_o kent_n there_o be_v a_o special_a custom_n use_v to_o devise_v land_n lie_v within_o the_o liberty_n of_o the_o city_n and_o to_o prove_v their_o will_n in_o the_o court_n of_o burgmote_a in_o the_o same_o city_n but_o there_o need_v no_o such_o custom_n if_o all_o the_o gavelkind_a land_n in_o kent_n have_v be_v deviseable_a etc._n etc._n also_o the_o most_o part_n of_o the_o ancient_a will_n of_o gavelkind_a land_n in_o kent_n before_o the_o statute_n of_o uses_n do_v mention_v feoffee_n of_o the_o land_n devise_v etc._n etc._n as_o appear_v by_o the_o register-book_n of_o will_n at_o canterbury_n and_o at_o rochester_n whereby_o it_o do_v appear_v that_o the_o devisor_n be_v cestuy_a que_fw-fr use_n and_o not_o owner_n of_o the_o land_n devise_v and_o although_o some_o will_n of_o land_n make_v no_o mention_n of_o feoffee_n yet_o there_o be_v feoffee_n of_o the_o same_o land_n as_o will_v appear_v by_o the_o deed_n of_o feoffment_n thereof_o and_o twenty_o to_o one_o do_v mention_n feoffee_n etc._n etc._n also_o sir_n john_n fineux_n chief_a justice_n de_fw-fr r._n b._n sir_n robert_n read_v chief_a justice_n de_fw-fr c._n b._n and_o sir_n john_n butler_n justice_n etc._n etc._n devise_v their_o land_n in_o kent_n before_o the_o statute_n of_o uses_n and_o make_v mention_n of_o feoffee_n etc._n etc._n which_o have_v there_o be_v a_o custom_n to_o devise_v no_o question_n they_o have_v take_v of_o it_o etc._n etc._n also_o many_o ancient_a deed_n of_o feoffment_n of_o land_n in_o kent_n refer_v to_o will_n sc_n dedi_fw-la concessi_fw-la etc._n etc._n a._n b._n omne_fw-la terras_fw-la &_o tenementa_fw-la etc._n etc._n ad_fw-la opus_fw-la &_o usum_fw-la perimplendi_fw-la ultimam_fw-la voluntatem_fw-la meam_fw-la etc._n etc._n also_o there_o be_v will_n to_o be_v find_v of_o land_n in_o diverse_a other_o county_n of_o this_o realm_n whereby_o land_n be_v devise_v before_o the_o statute_n of_o uses_n and_o no_o mention_n make_v of_o any_o feoffee_n as_o appear_v in_o the_o register-book_n of_o the_o prerogative_n court_n and_o in_o diverse_a other_o place_n and_o yet_o without_o doubt_n they_o bad_a feoffee_n seize_v to_o their_o use_n etc._n etc._n or_o else_o they_o can_v noâ_n there_o devise_v the_o same_o also_o the_o house_n and_o land_n in_o city_n and_o burrough_n which_o be_v deviseable_a by_o custom_n be_v reckon_v inter_fw-la catalla_fw-la sua_fw-la but_o it_o be_v strange_a that_o all_o the_o socage_n land_n in_o kent_n which_o be_v conceive_v to_o be_v gavelkind_a shall_v be_v reckon_v inter_fw-la catalla_fw-la etc._n etc._n and_o in_o the_o register_n fol._n 244._o there_o be_v fourteen_o several_a writ_n of_o exit_fw-la gravi_fw-la querela_fw-la and_o none_o of_o they_o make_v mention_n of_o any_o county_n etc._n etc._n nor_o of_o gavelkind_n but_o secundum_fw-la consuetudinem_fw-la civitatis_fw-la or_o secundùm_fw-la consuetudinem_fw-la burgi_n etc._n etc._n and_o if_o gavelkind_a land_n be_v deviseable_a by_o custom_n etc._n etc._n the_o devisee_n can_v have_v no_o writ_n of_o exit_fw-la gravi_fw-la querela_fw-la because_o there_o be_v none_o before_o who_o the_o action_n or_o writ_n shall_v be_v bring_v etc._n etc._n also_o mr._n lambard_n in_o his_o perambulation_n write_v of_o the_o custom_n of_o kent_n make_v no_o mention_n of_o any_o custom_n to_o devise_v land_n nor_o the_o treatise_n call_v consuetudines_fw-la cantiae_fw-la in_o the_o old_a mag._n charta_n fol._n 147._o which_o without_o doubt_n they_o will_v not_o have_v omit_v if_o there_o have_v be_v any_o such_o custom_n etc._n etc._n also_o between_o the_o statute_n of_o 27._o h._n 8._o of_o uses_n and_o the_o statute_n of_o 32._o of_o h._n 8._o of_o will_n there_o be_v very_o few_o will_n make_v of_o land_n as_o appear_v by_o the_o register-book_n before_o mention_v and_o the_o most_o of_o such_o will_n as_o be_v then_o make_v be_v but_o few_o in_o number_n do_v make_v mention_n of_o feoffee_n also_o the_o common_a practice_n ever_o since_o the_o statute_n of_o will_n have_v be_v such_o that_o if_o a_o will_v be_v make_v void_a for_o a_o three_o part_n by_o a_o tenure_n in_o capite_fw-la of_o part_n of_o the_o land_n etc._n etc._n that_o three_o part_n shall_v descend_v to_o the_o heir_n and_o the_o devisee_fw-mi shall_v not_o have_v it_o and_o this_o appear_v by_o special_a livery_n in_o the_o court_n of_o ward_n prove_v the_o same_o and_o by_o diverse_a witness_n that_o can_v prove_v the_o same_o to_o be_v so_o etc._n etc._n and_o in_o sanders_n case_n of_o maidstone_n in_o anno_fw-la 9_o jacobi_n regis_fw-la all_o the_o land_n be_v devise_v by_o will_n and_o after_o the_o will_n be_v avoid_v for_o a_o three_o part_n by_o reason_n of_o a_o tenure_n in_o capite_fw-la of_o a_o small_a
the_o saxon_a tongue_n and_o character_n which_o i_o dare_v not_o undertake_v to_o rectify_v thus_o for_o practice_n as_o for_o law_n beside_o that_o power_n in_o all_o man_n in_o those_o time_n to_o devise_v land_n in_o general_n by_o their_o will_n without_o any_o violence_n deduce_v and_o conclude_v from_o that_o 68_o of_o canutus_n law_n provide_v how_o a_o man_n whole_a estate_n the_o lord_n heriot_n only_o except_v shall_v be_v dispose_v of_o in_o case_n he_o die_v intestate_a we_o have_v a_o more_o express_a law_n for_o it_o afterward_o the_o 76th_o i_o mean_v for_o such_o land_n at_o least_o as_o be_v there_o term_a ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d i._n e._n as_o mr._n lambard_n construe_v it_o terraomni_fw-la light_fw-la soluta_fw-la or_o as_o it_o be_v turn_v in_o jornalensis_n and_o the_o 35th_o of_o the_o confessor_n law_n de_fw-la heretochiis_fw-la in_o mr._n lambard_n fol._n 136._o a._n terra_fw-la acquietata_fw-la comitatus_fw-la testimonâo_fw-la let_v i_o illustrate_v it_o by_o a_o passage_n in_o a_o charter_n cant._n of_o king_n edmund_n to_o aelâhere_o his_o thane_n in_o the_o year_n 941._o of_o certain_a land_n and_o possession_n there_o call_v mulanton_n run_v thus_o prout_n pater_fw-la ipsius_fw-la aelsheri_fw-la priorum_fw-la temporibus_fw-la nostrorum_fw-la sub_fw-la contestamine_n totius_fw-la popularis_fw-la senatus_n sua_fw-la pecunia_fw-la ab_fw-la illo_fw-la &_o ab_fw-la alio_fw-la prout_fw-la tunc_fw-la temporis_fw-la mos_fw-la erat_fw-la adquâsivit_fw-la in_o effect_v it_o be_v as_o i_o conceive_v if_o not_o the_o same_o with_o bocland_n call_v terratestamentalis_fw-la not_o only_o because_o deviseable_a but_o also_o in_o regard_n of_o the_o public_a testimony_n of_o the_o shire_n require_v and_o use_v in_o the_o pass_n of_o it_o otherwise_o than_o by_o will_n such_o land_n like_o that_o mention_v of_o mr_n selden_n tit._n of_o hon._n par_fw-fr 2._o cap._n 5._o pag._n 631_o and_o there_o say_v to_o be_v hold_v quâetè_fw-la &_o absque_fw-la omni_fw-la câlumnia_fw-la or_o like_o that_o pass_v or_o convey_v as_o in_o sir_n henry_n spelmans_fw-mi council_n pag._n 319._o and_o 333._o as_o be_v unquestionable_o a_o man_n own_o as_o upon_o the_o purchase_n or_o grant_v of_o it_o confirm_v and_o assure_v to_o he_o in_o the_o legal_a way_n of_o those_o time_n such_o haply_o like_o those_o of_o latter_a time_n pass_v by_o fine_a the_o conveyance_n whereof_o be_v record_v and_o enrol_v or_o enter_v in_o the_o shiâe-book_n in_o public_a shire_n moâe_n after_o proclamation_n there_o make_v for_o any_o to_o come_v in_o that_o can_v lay_v challenge_n or_o pretend_v right_a unâo_o it_o whence_o not_o improbable_o our_o manner_n of_o record_v conveyance_n sometime_o as_o in_o canterbury_n â_o in_o the_o hundred_o sometime_o in_o the_o burgemoâe_n otherwhile_o in_o both_o whereof_o i_o be_o not_o unfurnished_v of_o instance_n thus_o for_o that_o kind_n of_o land_n now_o for_o bocland_n and_o how_o the_o law_n stand_v there_o bocland_n sir_n henry_n spelman_n i_o confess_v be_v clear_a of_o opinion_n against_o all_o power_n of_o alienation_n in_o the_o owner_n and_o that_o of_o necessity_n it_o must_v âe_v leave_v to_o descend_v to_o the_o heir_n and_o thence_o be_v call_v terra_fw-la âaereditaria_fw-la ground_v upon_o that_o 37th_o of_o king_n alureds_n law_n which_o he_o there_o recite_v under_o favour_n that_o law_n clear_o make_v for_o the_o contrary_a allow_v unto_o the_o possessor_n a_o power_n of_o alienation_n save_v where_o his_o hand_n be_v tie_v from_o it_o by_o a_o express_a provision_n and_o prohibition_n to_o the_o contrary_a from_o those_o the_o ancestor_n or_o who_o else_o it_o come_v unto_o he_o from_o a_o caution_n in_o my_o apprehension_n of_o the_o same_o nature_n with_o a_o exception_n which_o as_o alien_n civilian_n use_v to_o say_v firmat_n regulam_fw-la in_o non_fw-la exceptis_fw-la and_o as_o for_o its_o name_n of_o terra_fw-la haereditaria_fw-la and_o the_o argument_n upon_o it_o it_o be_v easy_o answer_v as_o thus_o so_o call_v it_o be_v to_o distinguish_v it_o from_o folcland_n otherwise_o call_v gafolland_n wherein_o the_o tenant_n be_v but_o as_o it_o be_v a_o lessee_n usufructuary_n or_o fermour_n and_o have_v no_o propriety_n upon_o his_o death_n or_o other_o expiration_n of_o his_o term_n it_o revert_v to_o the_o lord_n and_o descend_v not_o upon_o the_o heir_n as_o bocland_n do_v at_o least_o ought_v to_o do_v be_v because_o his_o own_o in_o propriety_n hereditary_a if_o not_o alienate_v by_o he_o in_o his_o life_n time_n as_o it_o may_v be_v in_o regard_n it_o be_v as_o well_o terra_fw-la libera_fw-la as_o haereditaria_fw-la and_o so_o call_v which_o folcland_n never_o be_v however_o sir_n henry_n spelman_n in_o a_o place_n alodium_n so_o assert_v liken_v it_o to_o allodium_fw-la which_o indeed_o be_v liberum_fw-la and_o consequent_o capable_a of_o alienation_n either_o by_o gift_n or_o sale_n to_o whosoever_o the_o owner_n please_v a_o property_n appropriate_v to_o bocland_n thence_o otherwise_o call_v especial_o abroad_o allodium_fw-la whereof_o more_o hereafter_o but_o further_o to_o clear_v the_o point_n of_o boclands_n be_v alienable_a and_o in_o the_o power_n of_o the_o owner_n to_o dispose_v of_o at_o pleasure_n have_v here_o a_o pregnant_a passage_n for_o our_o present_a purpose_n borrow_v from_o a_o charter_n cant._n of_o archbishop_n wâfred_n who_o die_v about_o the_o year_n 830._o of_o the_o gift_n of_o certain_a house_n to_o his_o successor_n in_o the_o see_v of_o canterbury_n thus_o speak_v ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d clear_a ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d that_o be_v in_o our_o modern_a english_a if_o any_o man_n shall_v say_v that_o this_o mansion_n be_v not_o more_o in_o my_o power_n or_o the_o power_n of_o my_o heir_n to_o use_v than_o of_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o society_n or_o covent_n then_o let_v he_o know_v that_o it_o never_o be_v christchurch_n land_n nor_o any_o man_n bocland_n before_o it_o be_v i_o and_o then_o let_v he_o further_o think_v and_o consider_v by_o other_o man_n bocland_n as_o well_o in_o privilege_a place_n as_o without_z whether_o they_o may_v grant_v away_o their_o own_o land_n or_o possession_n or_o give_v it_o for_o or_o in_o their_o life_n time_n as_o please_v they_o or_o wherefore_o i_o shall_v be_v of_o different_a kind_n to_o those_o of_o other_o man_n thus_o the_o charter_n as_o i_o understand_v it_o bocland_n then_o i_o conceive_v we_o may_v conclude_v alienable_a by_o the_o owner_n of_o it_o both_o by_o act_n or_o grant_v in_o his_o life_n time_n and_o at_o his_o death_n by_o will_n in_o the_o time_n i_o mean_v before_o the_o conquest_n but_o afterward_o that_o custom_n of_o devise_v it_o by_o will_n cease_v as_o do_v withal_o the_o descent_n of_o land_n general_o by_o equal_a division_n among_o all_o the_o son_n for_o as_o the_o english_a law_n and_o custom_n in_o general_a from_o that_o time_n suffer_v a_o daily_a eclipse_n and_o declination_n by_o degree_n so_o this_o in_o particular_a save_v where_o they_o be_v more_o tenacious_a of_o it_o than_o elsewhere_o and_o in_o such_o place_n whereof_o 535._o london_n seem_v to_o be_v one_o as_o by_o special_a privilege_n be_v suffer_v to_o keep_v it_o up_o languish_v and_o be_v at_o length_n supplant_v by_o that_o other_o kind_n of_o descent_n which_o now_o regular_o take_v place_n throughout_o the_o most_o part_n of_o the_o kingdom_n insomuch_o as_o where_o this_o partible_a descent_n can_v to_o uphold_v itself_o just_o plead_v antiquity_n and_o ancient_a custom_n it_o quite_o fail_v and_o fall_v to_o the_o ground_n and_o to_o this_o pass_n i_o take_v it_o be_v it_o come_v in_o glanvill_n and_o bractons_n day_n who_o therefore_o harmonious_o deliver_v this_o as_o a_o requisite_a and_o essential_a property_n in_o land_n of_o such_o descent_n that_o it_o be_v not_o only_o by_o nature_n partible_a as_o it_o be_v by_o be_v socage_n if_o we_o may_v interpret_v bracton_n si_fw-la haereditas_fw-la partibilis_fw-la sit_fw-la by_o glanvill_n si_fw-la fuerit_fw-la socagium_fw-la but_o withal_o that_o by_o custom_n and_o of_o old_a it_o have_v actual_o be_v part_v now_o the_o kentish_a man_n it_o seem_v the_o commons_o there_o i_o mean_v like_o the_o londoner_n more_o careful_a in_o those_o day_n how_o to_o maintain_v their_o issue_n for_o the_o present_a than_o their_o house_n for_o the_o future_a a_o contrary_a respect_n to_o they_o who_o have_v of_o late_a by_o act_n of_o parliament_n rid_v their_o land_n of_o this_o custom_n as_o to_o that_o property_n of_o partition_n be_v more_o tenacious_a tender_a and_o retentive_a of_o the_o present_a custom_n and_o more_o careful_a to_o continue_v it_o than_o general_o those_o of_o most_o other_o shire_n be_v not_o because_o as_o some_o littleton_n give_v the_o reason_n the_o young_a be_v as_o good_a gentleman_n as_o the_o elder_a brethren_n etc._n etc._n a_o argument_n proper_a perchance_o for_o the_o partible_a land_n in_o wales_n
vestrâ_fw-la authoritate_fw-la &_o nomine_fw-la vestro_fw-la per_fw-la ministros_fw-la vestros_fw-la res_fw-la &_o possessiones_fw-la nostras_fw-la invadit_fw-la cum_fw-la nichil_fw-la ad_fw-la eum_fw-la spectent_fw-la set_v nos_fw-la teneamus_fw-la post_fw-la deum_fw-la in_o capite_fw-la de_fw-la vobis_fw-la sicut_fw-la &_o ipse_fw-la quod_fw-la manifestum_fw-la est_fw-la decedentibus_fw-la archiepiscopis_fw-la quia_fw-la terrae_fw-la eorum_fw-la statim_fw-la confiscantur_fw-la à _fw-la seculo_fw-la autem_fw-la inauditum_fw-la est_fw-la quod_fw-la possessiones_fw-la nostrae_fw-la confiscatae_fw-la fuerint_fw-la aliquo_fw-la tempore_fw-la quapropter_fw-la supplicamus_fw-la ut_fw-la maturiùs_fw-la pro_fw-la deo_fw-la dum_fw-la potestis_fw-la haec_fw-la corrigi_fw-la faciatis_fw-la cum_fw-la fortè_fw-la tunc_fw-la voletis_fw-la velitis_fw-la cum_fw-la non_fw-la poteritis_fw-la potueritis_fw-la valeat_fw-la donatio_fw-la wolgithae_n de_fw-la manerio_fw-la de_fw-fr stisted_n a._n d._n 1046._o here_o appear_v in_o this_o writing_n how_o wolgith_n give_v 85._o ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d her_o substance_n after_o her_o departure_n which_o to_o her_o the_o almighty_a ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d god_n give_v in_o life_n to_o use_v that_o be_v then_o first_o ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d to_o my_o lord_n his_o right_a heriot_n and_o i_o give_v that_o land_n ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d at_o stistede_n with_o by_o god_n testimony_n witness_n &_o my_o friend_n ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d to_o christchurch_n to_o the_o monk_n for_o victum_fw-la sustenance_n ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d on_o this_o condition_n that_o elikitel_n &_o kytel_n my_o child_n ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d use_v those_o land_n for_o their_o time_n day_n &_o afterward_o go_v ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d that_o land_n to_o christchurch_n without_o any_o deduction_n ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d for_o my_o soul_n &_o for_o elfwine_n my_o lord_n &_o for_o ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d all_o my_o child_n &_o be_v half_o the_o man_n free_a after_o their_o ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d death_n day_n and_o i_o give_v to_o the_o church_n at_o stistede_n ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d that_o beside_o that_o which_o i_o in_o life_n give_v eldemesland_n &_o ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d withal_o thereto_o hyeken_v that_o there_o be_v in_o all_o fifty_o acre_n in_o ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d champion_n field_n after_o my_o departure_n and_o i_o give_v to_o wolk_n &_o ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d kytel_n my_o son_n that_o land_n at_o walsingham_n &_o at_o ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d charlton_n &_o herlingham_n and_o i_o give_v to_o my_o two_o ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d daughter_n good_a &_o boat_n sexlingham_n &_o summerledeton_n ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d &_o to_o the_o church_n at_o sumerl_n sixteen_o acre_n ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d of_o land_n &_o one_o acre_n of_o meadow_n and_o i_o give_v to_o ealgyth_fw-mi ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d my_o daughter_n that_o land_n at_o cherteker_n and_o at_o ashford_n ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d and_o the_o wood_n which_o i_o lay_v thereto_o and_o i_o give_v to_o ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d godwine_n earl_n and_o harald_n earl_n frithton_n and_o i_o give_v ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d to_o christchurch_n to_o christ_n altar_n one_o little_a ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d gild_a crucifix_n cross_n and_o one_o carpet_n and_o i_o give_v to_o s._n edmund_n ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d two_o bone_a horn_n and_o i_o give_v to_o s._n etheldrith_n ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d one_o woollen_a kyrtel_n and_o i_o give_v to_o s._n osyth_n ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d half_n a_o pound_n of_o money_n and_o i_o give_v to_o austin_n one_o ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d carpet_n and_o he_o that_o my_o will_n testament_n bereave_v ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d which_o i_o now_o bequeath_v ordain_v have_v with_o by_o god_n witness_n testimony_n ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d bereave_v let_v he_o be_v of_o these_o earthly_a joy_n ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d &_o cut_v off_o he_o the_o almighty_a lord_n which_o all_o creature_n ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d create_v &_o make_v from_o all_o saint_n holy_a man_n communion_n ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d at_o in_o domesday_n &_o be_v he_o deliver_v to_o satam_fw-la the_o devil_n ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d &_o all_o his_o curse_a companion_n into_o hell_n bottom_n &_o ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d there_o torture_v perish_v with_o god_n reprobate_n denier_n heir_n without_o intermission_n ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d &_o my_o heir_n never_o to_o trouble_v s_o of_o this_o ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d be_v for_o witness_n edward_n king_n &_o many_o other_o ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d donatio_fw-la terrarum_fw-la apud_fw-la apoldre_n orpinton_n palstre_n werhorne_n wittrisham_n ecclesiae_fw-la christi_fw-la cantuariae_fw-la per_fw-la aedsium_fw-la presbyterum_fw-la de_fw-la consensu_fw-la cnuti_n regis_fw-la &_o aelfgifae_n reginae_fw-la ann_n 1032._o here_o appear_v by_o in_o this_o writing_n how_o cnut_n king_n 120._o ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d &_o aelfgife_n his_o lady_n give_v to_o eadsy_v their_o priest_n ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d when_o he_o turn_v monk_n that_o he_o may_v dispose_v convey_v that_o ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d land_n at_o apuldore_n as_o to_o himself_o most_o please_a be_v ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d then_o give_v he_o it_o to_o christchurch_n to_o god_n servant_n ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d for_o his_o soul_n &_o he_o it_o buy_v that_o of_o the_o covent_n for_o his_o ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d day_n &_o aedwine_n with_o four_o pound_n on_o that_o condition_n contract_n ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d that_o man_n deliver_v every_o year_n to_o christchurch_n ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d three_o weigh_v of_o cheese_n from_o that_o land_n &_o three_o cados_fw-la bundle_n ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d of_o eel_n &_o after_o his_o day_n &_o aedwine_n go_v that_o ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d land_n into_o christchurch_n with_o meat_n and_o with_o entire_o man_n ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d even_o as_o it_o then_o improve_v enrich_v be_v for_o eadsies_n soul_n and_o ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d he_o buy_v that_o land_n at_o werhorne_n of_o the_o covent_n for_o ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d his_o day_n and_o eadwine_n also_o with_o four_o pound_n than_o ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d go_v that_o land_n forth_o with_o the_o other_o after_o his_o day_n &_o ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d edwine_n to_o christchurch_n with_o the_o stock_n crop_n that_o ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d there_o then_o on_o be_v &_o that_o land_n for_o his_o day_n at_o berwick_n ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d which_o he_o obtain_v of_o his_o lord_n cnute_n king_n &_o he_o ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d give_v also_o those_o land_n at_o orpington_n in_o his_o day_n for_o ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d his_o soul_n to_o christchurch_n to_o god_n servant_n for_o ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d clothing_n garment_n land_n which_o he_o buy_v with_o eighty_o ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d weight_n mark_n of_o white_a silver_n by_o husting_n weight_n &_o he_o give_v ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d also_o those_o land_n at_o palstre_n &_o at_o wittresham_n after_o ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d his_o day_n &_o edwine_n forth_o with_o the_o other_o to_o god_n ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d servant_n for_o fosterland_n for_o his_o soul_n this_o bequest_n fosterland_n ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d he_o give_v to_o the_o covent_n on_o this_o condition_n contract_n that_o they_o ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ever_o he_o well_o observe_v &_o to_o he_o faithful_a be_v in_o life_n &_o ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d after_o life_n &_o if_o they_o by_o with_o any_o unadvisednesse_n with_o ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d he_o this_o condition_n contract_n shall_v break_v then_o stand_v it_o in_o ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d his_o own_o power_n how_o he_o afterward_o his_o own_o dispose_n ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d will_n of_o this_o be_v for_o witness_v cnute_n king_n &_o aelfgife_n ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d his_o lady_n &_o aethelnoth_n archb._n &_o aelfstan_n a_o b._n &_o ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d the_o covent_n at_o s._n austin_n &_o brihtric_a young_a &_o aetheric_a ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d husbandman_n &_o thorth_o thurkille_v nephew_n and_o ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d tofi_fw-la &_o aelfwine_v priest_n &_o eadwold_n priest_n and_o all_o the_o ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d king_n counselor_n and_o this_o writing_n be_v tripartite_a threefold_a ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d one_o be_v at_o christchurch_n and_o one_o at_o s._n augustine_n ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d and_o one_o have_v eadsy_a to_o with_o himself_o ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d finis_fw-la i_o have_v peruse_v this_o learned_a treatise_n of_o gavelkynd_n and_o judge_v it_o very_o fit_a to_o be_v publish_v april_n 7._o
a_o retrograde_a course_n in_o this_o re-search_a i_o shall_v begin_v with_o one_o of_o the_o late_a sir_n edward_n coke_n who_o in_o his_o note_n or_o illustration_n upon_o littleton_n tit_n villeinage_n sect._n 210._o verb._n en_fw-fr gavelkinde_n gloss_v the_o text_n thus_o give_v all_o kind_n for_o say_v he_o this_o custom_n give_v to_o all_o the_o son_n alike_o not_o long_o before_o he_o another_o learned_a gaveletum_n knight_n and_o famous_a antiquary_n take_v the_o word_n to_o expound_v in_o his_o glossary_n of_o antiquate_a word_n say_v that_o it_o be_v term_v gavelkynd_n either_o quasi_fw-la debitum_fw-la vel_fw-la tributum_fw-la soboli_fw-la pveris_fw-la generi_fw-la i._n e._n as_o it_o be_v of_o right_o belong_v and_o give_v intimate_v in_o the_o two_o first_o syllable_n ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d or_o ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d to_o the_o issue_n child_n or_o kind_n signify_v by_o the_o last_o ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d or_o ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d or_o else_o second_o say_v he_o from_o ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d i._n e._n give_v to_o all_o the_o next_o in_o kindred_n verstegan_n to_o ascend_v in_o our_o gradation_n one_o step_v high_a cânsureth_v the_o word_n of_o corruption_n say_v that_o it_o be_v corrupt_o term_v gavelkynd_n for_o give_v all_o kind_n which_o after_o he_o be_v as_o much_o to_o say_v as_o give_v each_o child_n his_o part_n from_o who_o mr._n cambden_n differ_v kent_n as_o little_a in_o time_n as_o in_o opinion_n when_o he_o say_v it_o be_v call_v gavelkynd_n that_o be_v say_v he_o give_v all_o kin_n before_o all_o these_o mr._n lambard_n the_o first_o that_o undertake_v the_o etymology_n and_o who_o beside_o the_o former_a 73._o judge_n dodderidge_n voce_fw-mi dr._n cowell_n the_o author_n of_o the_o new_a term_n of_o law_n and_o many_o more_o longo_fw-la agmine_fw-la aâe_v know_v to_o follow_v in_o his_o explication_n of_o saxon_a word_n prefix_v to_o his_o archaion_n verb._n terra_fw-la ex_fw-la scripto_fw-la be_v clear_a for_o the_o derivation_n of_o the_o word_n from_o the_o saxon_a ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d credo_fw-la say_v he_o ut_fw-la terra_fw-la illa_fw-la gavelkyn_n quasi_fw-la ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d idest_fw-la omnibus_fw-la cognatione_fw-la proximis_fw-la data_fw-la dicatur_fw-la but_o afterward_o as_o if_o upon_o second_o thought_n alter_v in_o his_o 528._o opinion_n he_o couple_v this_o derivation_n with_o a_o second_o and_o so_o at_o length_n be_v find_v to_o share_v his_o opinion_n of_o the_o word_n original_a between_o two_o conjecture_n ground_v both_o upon_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o land_n the_o one_o in_o point_n of_o descent_n the_o other_o of_o rent_n and_o service_n in_o reference_n to_o the_o former_a of_o which_o he_o say_v that_o therefore_o the_o land_n be_v call_v either_o gavelkyn_n in_o meaning_n give_v all_o kin_n because_o it_o be_v give_v to_o all_o the_o next_o in_o one_o line_n of_o kindred_n or_o give_v all_o kind_n that_o be_v to_o all_o the_o male_a child_n for_o kind_n say_v he_o in_o dutch_n signify_v yet_o a_o male_a child_n and_o in_o relation_n to_o the_o latter_a he_o say_v that_o it_o be_v well_o know_v that_o as_o knights-service_n land_n require_v the_o presence_n of_o the_o tenant_n in_o warfare_n and_o battle_n abroad_o so_o this_o land_n be_v of_o socage_n tenure_n command_v his_o attendance_n at_o the_o plough_n and_o other_o the_o lord_n affair_n of_o husbandry_n at_o home_n the_o one_o by_o manhood_n defend_v the_o lord_n life_n and_o person_n the_o other_o by_o industry_n maintain_v with_o rent_n corn_n and_o victual_v his_o estate_n and_o family_n this_o rent_n as_o there_o he_o add_v ni_fw-fr a_fw-fr customary_a payment_n of_o work_n the_o saxon_n call_v ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d and_o thereof_o as_o i_o think_v they_o name_v the_o land_n that_o yeeldod_n ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d or_o ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d that_o be_v to_o say_v land_n let_v for_o rent_n or_o of_o the_o kind_n to_o yield_v rend_v etc._n etc._n the_o author_n i_o confess_v modest_o leave_v it_o free_a to_o the_o reader_n to_o receive_v either_o of_o these_o conjecture_n or_o to_o refuse_v both_o as_o it_o shall_v best_o like_o he_o but_o the_o former_a of_o the_o two_o be_v primâ_fw-la fancy_n of_o a_o more_o plausible_a sound_n and_o allusion_n than_o the_o other_o a_o advantage_n very_o considerable_a with_o most_o man_n who_o guidance_n notwithstanding_o be_v not_o always_o to_o be_v follow_v and_o that_o have_v get_v the_o start_n of_o her_o fellow_n in_o time_n have_v not_o fail_v to_o keep_v it_o ever_o since_o have_v prove_v the_o more_o acceptable_a of_o the_o twain_o and_o by_o this_o time_n find_v so_o many_o follower_n and_o those_o like_o the_o first_o author_n of_o so_o great_a credit_n as_o that_o whosoever_o shall_v contradict_v the_o one_o or_o dispute_v the_o other_o can_v do_v neither_o without_o exceed_a prejudice_n so_o difficult_a a_o lesson_n it_o be_v with_o some_o to_o unlearn_v custom_n who_o mind_n be_v as_o hardly_o wean_v from_o a_o opinion_n which_o their_o fancy_n have_v once_o approve_v as_o other_o be_v from_o a_o habit_n or_o a_o custom_n which_o if_o inveterate_a and_o long_o settle_v though_o corrupt_a and_o vicious_a be_v very_o hardly_o leave_v off_o and_o lay_v aside_o yet_o as_o the_o common_a law_n a._n determine_v of_o a_o custom_n that_o if_o the_o rise_v the_o original_n thereof_o can_v so_o be_v trace_v as_o it_o can_v appear_v that_o it_o first_o begin_v within_o time_n of_o memory_n it_o be_v no_o custom_n nor_o shall_v obtain_v or_o prevail_v as_o a_o custom_n so_o in_o case_n by_o trace_v the_o present_a derivation_n to_o the_o wellhead_n i_o shall_v show_v together_o with_o the_o time_n the_o error_n of_o its_o first_o original_n not_o to_o be_v salve_v by_o long_a tract_n of_o time_n for_o quod_fw-la ab_fw-la initio_fw-la non_fw-la initio_fw-la valuit_fw-la tractu_fw-la temporis_fw-la non_fw-la convalescit_fw-la i_o trust_v i_o shall_v not_o fail_v nor_o fall_v short_a of_o what_o my_o endeavour_n drive_v at_o in_o this_o matter_n the_o wean_n i_o mean_v of_o sober_a and_o judicious_a mind_n from_o a_o opinion_n so_o erroneous_a and_o ungrounded_a as_o this_o i_o doubt_v not_o upon_o trial_n shall_v appear_v to_o be_v though_o thus_o long_o continue_v and_o in_o itself_o specious_a and_o plausible_a enough_o however_o be_v convince_v in_o my_o own_o judgement_n of_o the_o error_n that_o i_o may_v not_o seem_v to_o swallow_v it_o for_o company_n to_o the_o prejudice_n of_o truth_n for_o that_o i_o say_v if_o for_o no_o other_o reason_n i_o have_v resolve_v to_o protest_v against_o it_o and_o yet_o not_o to_o seem_v singular_o affect_v without_o a_o cause_n i_o shall_v not_o do_v it_o by_o a_o bare_a denial_n or_o dissent_n as_o he_o that_o think_v it_o sufficient_a for_o bellarmine_n confutation_n to_o give_v he_o the_o lie_n but_o by_o represent_v withal_o my_o inducement_n thereunto_o i_o hope_v to_o put_v the_o matter_n out_o of_o doubt_n that_o i_o have_v study_v the_o reader_n satisfaction_n herein_o as_o well_o âs_v my_o own_o by_o a_o learned_a man_n â_o example_n whoâe_v word_n in_o a_o like_a case_n as_o very_o apposite_a in_o this_o i_o shall_v here_o borrow_v for_o the_o close_a of_o my_o apology_n etsi_fw-la mâ_n non_fw-la lateat_fw-la say_v he_o quam_fw-la lubrica_fw-la plenaque_fw-la discrimânis_fw-la res_fw-la sit_fw-la quae_fw-la per_fw-la tot_fw-la secula_fw-la tot_fw-la homines_fw-la eruditi_fw-la uno_fw-la consensâ_n probaâunt_fw-la rejicere_fw-la velle_fw-la rationes_fw-la tamen_fw-la eas_fw-la in_o medium_n adducere_fw-la visum_fw-la est_fw-la quibus_fw-la adductis_fw-la hanc_fw-la interpretationem_fw-la damnare_fw-la ausus_fw-la sum_fw-la nor_o be_v this_o i_o take_v it_o magno_fw-la conatu_fw-la nugas_fw-la agere_fw-la the_o discovery_n and_o refutation_n of_o popular_a error_n have_v be_v a_o task_n for_o many_o worthy_a pen_n in_o case_n of_o as_o small_a concerment_n as_o this_o perhaps_o may_v seem_v to_o be_v to_o the_o matter_n then_o whether_o the_o name_n of_o gavelkynd_n be_v at_o first_o impose_v with_o or_o in_o respect_n to_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o land_n in_o point_n of_o descent_n or_o not_o be_v indeed_o the_o matter_n in_o question_n the_o common_a opinion_n i_o confess_v affirm_v it_o wherewith_o join_v issue_n in_o the_o negative_a i_o shall_v endeavour_v to_o refute_v it_o by_o a_o double_a proposition_n one_o negative_a show_v that_o this_o be_v a_o wrong_n and_o mistake_v the_o other_o positive_a or_o affirmative_a declare_v what_o be_v the_o right_a and_o genuine_a construction_n of_o the_o term_n as_o for_o the_o former_a though_o it_o carry_v with_o it_o a_o seem_a allusion_n to_o gavelkynd_n in_o sound_n yet_o if_o we_o look_v advise_o into_o the_o true_a nature_n of_o it_o we_o may_v and_o peradventure_o must_v conclude_v the_o etymology_n from_o giveall_a cyn_n give-all-kynd_n
gavel-reâter_a etc._n etc._n whereof_o also_o i_o shall_v entreat_v further_o by_o and_o by_o be_v it_o then_o last_o to_o be_v suppose_v that_o the_o land_n mere_a descent_n in_o this_o kind_n to_o all_o the_o heir_n alike_o suppose_v a_o plurality_n of_o heir_n be_v all_o the_o regard_n those_o ancestor_n of_o we_o have_v to_o sway_v and_o regulate_v their_o judgement_n by_o to_o who_o the_o name_n the_o term_n do_v owe_v its_o first_o original_n be_v that_o in_o probability_n ground_n enough_o to_o satisfy_v they_o of_o the_o congruity_n and_o suitableness_n of_o the_o name_n to_o and_o with_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o thing_n name_v as_o name_n we_o know_v shall_v suis_fw-la be_v vix_fw-la credo_fw-la i_o doubt_v it_o for_o my_o part_n in_o brief_a then_o to_o recollect_v what_o have_v be_v say_v 1._o if_o female_n be_v capable_a of_o this_o succession_n as_o well_o as_o male_n where_o the_o male_a issue_n fail_v 2._o if_o collateral_a kindred_n be_v capable_a thereof_o as_o well_o as_o those_o in_o the_o descendent_a line_n where_o such_o heir_n be_v want_v in_o both_o which_o kind_n gavelkynd_n land_n differ_v not_o from_o that_o at_o the_o common_a law_n 3._o if_o corporation_n may_v hold_v land_n in_o gavelkynd_n 4._o if_o such_o land_n may_v be_v pass_v away_o to_o mere_a stranger_n from_o the_o right_a heir_n 5._o if_o none_o may_v proper_o be_v call_v gavelkynd-land_n where_o a_o accustomable_a partition_n have_v not_o make_v way_n for_o it_o 6._o if_o there_o be_v partible_a land_n elsewhere_o out_o of_o kent_n that_o be_v not_o call_v gavelkynd_n 7._o if_o gavel_n the_o forepart_n of_o the_o word_n find_v in_o some_o record_n of_o land_n out_o of_o kent_n and_o of_o other_o in_o kent_n will_v not_o bear_v the_o derivation_n of_o it_o from_o gifeeal_n without_o absurdity_n 8._o and_o last_o if_o name_n be_v to_o be_v impose_v with_o respect_n to_o the_o nature_n of_o what_o be_v sapient_a name_v then_o be_v gavelkynd_n after_o these_o man_n premise_a derivation_n in_o some_o sort_n a_o very_a scant_a narrow_a and_o partial_a in_o other_o a_o most_o incongruous_a and_o improper_a term_n to_o express_v the_o nature_n of_o the_o land_n by_o sure_o there_o be_v somewhat_o more_o peculiar_a to_o gavelkynd-land_n and_o of_o more_o note_n and_o eminency_n in_o it_o better_a serve_v to_o distinguish_v it_o from_o other_o kind_n of_o land_n than_o this_o derivation_n of_o they_o seem_v to_o intimate_v and_o which_o first_o give_v occasion_n to_o the_o imposition_n of_o that_o name_n upon_o it_o which_o lead_v i_o to_o my_o other_o the_o positive_a or_o affirmative_a proposition_n assert_v the_o true_a sense_n and_o construction_n of_o the_o term_n and_o show_v whence_o it_o be_v at_o first_o impose_v and_o afterward_o continue_v wherein_o i_o must_v confess_v mr._n lambard_n be_v as_o happy_a signify_v to_o go_v right_a in_o the_o latter_a of_o his_o two_o conjecture_n as_o he_o be_v before_o unlucky_a to_o miss_v of_o the_o right_n in_o his_o former_a yet_o in_o this_o passive_o unhappy_a though_o that_o the_o former_a through_o the_o advantage_n aforementioned_a whole_o take_v and_o be_v accept_v of_o all_o while_o the_o latter_a be_v receive_v and_o embrace_v of_o none_o but_o no_o great_a marvel_n since_o while_o some_o through_o ignorance_n can_v not_o judge_v of_o other_o haply_o for_o company_n will_v not_o question_v so_o plausible_a a_o derivation_n but_o to_o the_o purpose_n to_o such_o as_o be_v any_o thing_n verse_v in_o saxon_a monument_n gafol_n be_v a_o word_n very_o obvious_a but_o vary_v sometime_o in_o the_o dialect_n as_o be_v write_v now_o ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d anon_o ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d here_o ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d there_o ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d i_o shall_v give_v you_o a_o few_o instance_n where_o it_o occurr_n and_o in_o what_o sense_n tribute_n mention_v in_o the_o 17_o of_o st._n matthews_n gospel_n verse_n 24_o and_o 25_o as_o also_o in_o the_o 22_o of_o the_o same_o evangelist_n verse_n 17_o &_o 19_o be_v in_o the_o saxon_a translation_n of_o the_o gospel_n turn_v ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d in_o the_o 25_o chapter_n of_o the_o same_o gospel_n at_o the_o 27_o verse_n it_o serve_v to_o express_v what_o there_o in_o our_o modern_a english_a translation_n be_v call_v in_o some_o book_n advantage_n in_o other_o usury_n agreeable_a to_o that_o in_o the_o saxon_a psalter_n psal_n 54._o vers_fw-la 11._o where_o usura_fw-la in_o the_o latin_a in_o the_o marginal_a version_n or_o read_n of_o the_o word_n be_v render_v ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d occur_v in_o the_o first_o of_o king_n withred_n law_n of_o sir_n henry_n spelmans_fw-mi edition_n in_o the_o first_o volume_n of_o the_o council_n pag._n 194._o be_v of_o that_o learned_a knight_n expound_v to_o we_o by_o redditus_fw-la vel_fw-la pensiones_fw-la as_o it_o be_v again_o in_o his_o latin_a version_n of_o pope_n agatho's_n decretal_a epistle_n pag._n 164._o of_o the_o same_o council_n by_o redditus_fw-la in_o a_o old_a sanction_n of_o king_n edgar_n recite_v by_o mr._n selden_n in_o his_o note_n upon_o aedmerus_fw-la pag._n 153._o what_o be_v there_o in_o the_o latin_a read_n solitus_fw-la census_fw-la in_o the_o interlineary_a saxon_a version_n we_o find_v render_v there_o ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d hereunto_o i_o may_v add_v heap_n of_o instance_n take_v from_o the_o saxon_a law_n the_o mare_n clausum_fw-la and_o elsewhere_o but_o i_o forbear_v to_o exspatiate_v and_o to_o be_v short_a gafol_n be_v a_o word_n which_o as_o gablum_fw-la in_o doomsday-book_n the_o skilful_a in_o the_o saxon_a tongue_n with_o sir_n hen._n spelman_n elsewhere_o turn_v by_o what_o gabella_n be_v expound_v gabellâ_n abroad_o viz._n vectigal_n portorium_n tributum_fw-la exactio_fw-la census_n in_o latin_a but_o in_o english_a with_o verstegan_n tribute_n tax_n or_o custom_n to_o which_o with_o 529._o mr._n lambard_n and_o 2._o sr._n edw._n coke_n let_v i_o add_v rent_n witness_n beside_o the_o former_a quotation_n what_o occurr_v in_o a_o ancient_a will_n or_o deed_n cant._n of_o one_o athelwird_n the_o donor_n of_o certain_a land_n at_o ickham_n in_o kent_n to_o the_o cathedral_n at_o canterbury_n in_o the_o year_n of_o man_n redemption_n 958._o where_o you_o may_v read_v ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d heâeâ_n ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d etc._n etc._n and_o anon_o after_o again_o ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d etc._n etc._n the_o former_a of_o which_o passage_n under_o favour_n of_o the_o skilful_a in_o that_o language_n i_o shall_v render_v thus_o in_o our_o modern_a english_a after_o his_o day_n or_o death_n eadrith_n if_o he_o live_v shall_v enjoy_v or_o use_n it_o yield_v that_o rent_n which_o be_v impose_v on_o it_o that_o be_v v_o pound_n and_o every_o year_n or_o yearly_o one_o day_n farm_n or_o victual_n unto_o the_o covent_n that_o be_v xl_o measure_n call_v sextary_n of_o ale_n 12._o etc._n etc._n and_o the_o latter_a thus_o with_o the_o same_o or_o like_o rend_v that_o herein_o be_v appoint_v let_v i_o add_v what_o in_o another_o like_a record_n both_o for_o time_n and_o place_n occurr_v thus_o ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d that_o be_v and_o after_o both_o their_o day_n or_o death_n let_v eadsith_v the_o archbishop_n if_o he_o survive_v they_o have_v or_o take_v these_o land_n or_o else_o his_o successor_n for_o the_o time_n be_v unless_o some_o friend_n of_o they_o by_o or_o with_o the_o arch-bishop_n favour_n may_v continue_v to_o hold_v that_o land_n at_o or_o upon_o the_o accustom_a rent_n ur_fw-la upon_o what_o other_o contract_n or_o condition_n may_v be_v have_v or_o make_v with_o the_o archbishop_n then_o live_v or_o for_o the_o time_n be_v i_o shall_v add_v but_o one_o instance_n more_o from_o the_o grant_n of_o bocking_n a_o know_a place_n in_o essex_n to_o the_o same_o cathedral_n by_o one_o ethelrich_n in_o the_o year_n of_o christ_n 997._o ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d that_o be_v and_o i_o also_o give_v those_o two_o hide_n of_o land_n that_o eadrith_n rent_v or_o hire_v yearly_a for_o half_a a_o pound_n so_o that_o to_o i_o it_o seem_v clear_a that_o ponere_fw-la terram_fw-la ad_fw-la gablum_fw-la be_v as_o much_o as_o to_o hire_v or_o let_v out_o land_v by_o or_o for_o rent_n or_o farm_n and_o by_o consequence_n terra_fw-la ad_fw-la gablum_fw-la posita_fw-la take_v in_o its_o proper_a and_o genuine_a acception_n be_v land_n hire_v or_o let_v out_o to_o farm_n or_o for_o rent_n in_o the_o latitude_n of_o the_o word_n it_o comprehend_v beside_o all_o censual_a or_o tributary_n land_n as_o also_o what_o we_o call_v customary_a land_n in_o that_o sense_n wherein_o consuetudines_fw-la custom_n denote_v 58._o service_n and_o so_o take_v in_o all_o rent-service_n land_n which_o with_o our_o saxon_a ancestor_n who_o call_v the_o
rent_n or_o service_n pay_v or_o do_v for_o such_o land_n voce_fw-la ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d and_o ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d be_v by_o a_o transposition_n of_o the_o syllable_n call_v and_o know_v by_o the_o name_n of_o ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d or_o the_o like_a 2._o ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d i_o e._n except_o the_o churl_n or_o countryman_n that_o occupy_v censual_a land_n as_o one_o will_v say_v now_o except_o the_o country_n fermor_n or_o the_o like_a he_o seem_v by_o this_o to_o be_v proper_o ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d i._n e._n one_o that_o have_v no_o land_n of_o his_o own_o such_o a_o one_o as_o have_v be_v call_v ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d i._n e._n terrae_fw-la proprietârius_fw-la a_o land_a man_n as_o the_o word_n be_v i_o take_v it_o to_o be_v render_v not_o viator_n a_o way-faring_a man_n or_o the_o like_a as_o some_o voce_fw-la have_v guess_v but_o to_o keep_v we_o to_o our_o gafol_n within_o and_o under_o which_o term_n and_o notion_n not_o only_o the_o generality_n of_o rent_n and_o customary_a whether_o payment_n or_o service_n be_v comprehend_v and_o comprise_v simple_o but_o what_o we_o at_o this_o day_n call_v rent-corn_n rent-honey_n rent-barley_n and_o the_o like_a the_o special_a and_o particular_a rent_n and_o service_n i_o mean_v by_o the_o custom_n of_o some_o manor_n yield_v by_o the_o tenant_n to_o the_o lord_n thereof_o though_o now_o for_o the_o most_o part_n turn_v into_o money_n be_v in_o elder_a time_n in_o composition_n call_v corn-gavel_a hunig-gavel_a bere-gafol_a etc._n etc._n without_o impertinency_n i_o hope_v i_o shall_v here_o present_v the_o reader_n with_o a_o list_n of_o as_o many_o of_o they_o as_o with_o much_o content_n to_o myself_o i_o have_v ransack_v old_a record_n to_o find_v out_o for_o this_o purpose_n with_o a_o assay_n of_o my_o own_o at_o their_o several_a exposition_n and_o they_o be_v divisible_a into_o two_o sort_n the_o one_o beginning_n the_o other_o end_v with_o gavel_n both_o of_o they_o follow_v gavel-corne_n gavel-erth_a gavel-rip_a gavelmed_n gavel-ote_a gaveldung_n gavelrod_n gavel-tymber_n gavel-reft_a gavel-bord_n gavelswine_n gavelwood_n gavels_a gavelwerk_a gavelnoht_a gavelfother_n gavelbred_n wood_n gavel_n work_n gavel_n swine_n gavel_n corn_n gavel_n penny_n gavel_n malt_n gavel_n les_fw-fr gavel_n leaf_n gavel_n hunig_n gavel_n be_v gavel_n twy_n gavel_n bear_n gavel_n for_o gavel_n in_o the_o list_n of_o the_o rent_n and_o service_n reckon_v up_o in_o âavel-âorn_a a_o lieger-book_n of_o the_o church_n of_o canterbury_n as_o charge_v upon_o that_o church_n manor_n of_o adesham_n in_o kent_n this_o in_o particular_a thus_o occurr_n item_n the_o gavel-corn_n 66._o sum_n doubtless_o it_o be_v the_o same_o with_o that_o in_o a_o composition_n make_v between_o the_o abbot_n and_o covent_n of_o st._n augustine_n at_o canterbury_n and_o their_o tenant_n of_o minster_n and_o hengrove_n in_o thanet_n anno_fw-la 19_o hen._n 6._o call_v corn-gavel_a and_o there_o thus_o describe_v et_fw-la quod_fw-la quatuor_fw-la corn-gavel_a swillingae_n &_o dimidia_fw-la &_o quarta_fw-la pars_fw-la unius_fw-la swillingae_n residuae_fw-la tenebantur_fw-la &_o tenentur_fw-la de_fw-la praedictis_fw-la abbate_n &_o conventu_fw-la per_fw-la fidelitatem_fw-la &_o relevium_fw-la &_o per_fw-la redditum_fw-la &_o servitium_fw-la vocatum_fw-la corn-gavel_a viz._n reddendo_fw-la eisdem_fw-la abbati_n &_o conventuâ_n &_o successoribus_fw-la suis_fw-la annuatim_fw-la in_fw-la festo_fw-la s._n michaelis_fw-la archangeli_fw-la de_fw-la qualibet_fw-la swillinga_fw-mi earundem_fw-la 4._o swillingar_fw-la quindecim_fw-la quarteria_fw-la &_o quinque_fw-la buschello_n ordei_fw-la palmalis_fw-la &_o 15_o quarteria_fw-la &_o 5_o buschello_n avenarum_fw-la &_o de_fw-fr praedicta_fw-la medietate_fw-la &_o quarta_fw-la parte_fw-la unius_fw-la swillingae_fw-la secundum_fw-la ratam_fw-la portionis_fw-la ordei_fw-la &_o avenarum_fw-la illas_fw-la medietatem_fw-la &_o quartam_fw-la partem_fw-la contingentis_fw-la defeernd_fw-mi &_o cariand_n ad_fw-la costas_fw-la &_o expensas_fw-la praedictorum_fw-la tenentium_fw-la usque_fw-la ad_fw-la granarium_fw-la dictorum_fw-la abbatis_fw-la &_o conventus_fw-la infra_fw-la monasterium_fw-la s._n augustini_fw-la praedictum_fw-la vel_fw-la per_fw-la servitium_fw-la reddendi_fw-la pro_fw-la qualibet_fw-la acra_fw-la dictarum_fw-la quatuor_fw-la swillingarum_fw-la in_o âod_n festo_fw-la s._n michaelis_fw-la octo_fw-la denarios_fw-la &_o pro_fw-la dictis_fw-la medietate_fw-la &_o quarta_fw-la parte_fw-la unius_fw-la swilling_n secundum_fw-la ratam_fw-la portionis_fw-la illas_fw-la medietatem_fw-la &_o quartam_fw-la partem_fw-la unius_fw-la swillingae_fw-la de_fw-la praedictis_fw-la ordeo_fw-la &_o avena_fw-la contingentis_fw-la in_fw-la casu_fw-la quo_fw-la praedicti_fw-la tenentes_fw-la praedictum_fw-la or_o deum_fw-la &_o avenam_fw-la in_o eodâm_fw-la festo_fw-la in_o formâ_fw-la praedictâ_fw-la non_fw-la solverint_fw-la thus_o the_o composition_n whereby_o it_o be_v apparent_a what_o gavel-corn_n signify_v namely_o as_o before_o be_v intimate_v rent-corn_n in_o a_o accompt-roll_n of_o the_o archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n cavel-erth_a manor_n of_o reculver_n in_o kent_n anno_fw-la 29._o edw._n 1._o this_o service_n under_o the_o title_n of_o arura_n occurr_v thus_o item_n respondet_fw-la de_fw-la xxxv_o acris_fw-la de_fw-la consuetudine_fw-la arandi_fw-la gavelherthe_n in_o a_o old_a customal_n cant._n of_o gillingham_n manor_n in_o kent_n of_o about_o that_o age_n i_o read_v thus_o item_n sunt_fw-la ibi_fw-la quinque_fw-la juga_fw-la quodlibet_fw-la arabit_fw-la unam_fw-la dimidiam_fw-la acram_fw-la ad_fw-la semen_fw-mi frumenti_fw-la &_o seminabit_fw-la &_o herciabit_n &_o dimidiam_fw-la acram_fw-la ad_fw-la semen_fw-mi ordei_fw-la &_o herciabit_n &_o unam_fw-la virgatam_fw-la ad_fw-la avenam_fw-la &_o herciabit_fw-la &_o warectabit_fw-la dimidiam_fw-la acram_fw-la ad_fw-la ordeum_fw-la &_o nihil_fw-la recipient_a &_o voco_fw-la istud_fw-la opus_fw-la gavelerth_n this_o then_o it_o seem_v be_v a_o certain_a tillageservice_n like_o the_o arura_fw-la in_o bracton_n fol._n 35._o b._n due_a by_o the_o tenant_n hold_v his_o land_n upon_o term_n of_o plough_v etc._n etc._n a_o certain_a quantity_n more_o or_o less_o of_o his_o lord_n demesne_n not_o always_o perform_v in_o kind_n but_o buy_v out_o and_o redeem_v sometime_o with_o money_n et_fw-fr de_fw-fr 10._o sol_fw-la de_fw-fr 10._o acris_fw-la de_fw-la gavelerth_n relaxato_fw-la hoc_fw-la anno_fw-la quoth_v a_o old_a rental_a sans_o date_n of_o the_o arch-bishop_n foresay_a manor_n of_o reculver_n it_o be_v of_o some_o affinity_n as_o with_o the_o french_a poictovine_n biaus_n so_o also_o with_o that_o which_o benerth_n mr._n lambard_n call_v benerth_n expound_v by_o service_n which_o the_o tenant_n do_v with_o his_o cart_n and_o plough_v with_o his_o plough_n indeed_o and_o also_o with_o his_o harrow_n but_o not_o that_o i_o find_v with_o his_o cart_n it_o be_v a_o mere_a tillageservice_n as_o gavelerth_n be_v &_o always_o perform_v precariò_fw-la as_o the_o frenchman_n say_v precairement_n upon_o request_n and_o summons_n in_o aid_n and_o for_o the_o help_n and_o ease_n when_o need_n be_v of_o other_o tenant_n bind_v to_o do_v the_o like_a de_fw-fr gablo_fw-mi i._n e._n as_o i_o conceive_v ex_fw-la debito_fw-la and_o without_o summons_n and_o with_o allowance_n of_o more_o than_o regular_o be_v afford_v in_o the_o other_o manor_n service_n a_o coredy_a i._n e._n diet_n or_o victual_n fometime_o call_v benebred_a during_o the_o employment_n glanvil_n precarias_fw-la carucarum_fw-la forinsecarum_fw-la lib._n 8._o cap._n 3._o may_v hence_o be_v understand_v matthew_n paris_z in_o his_o history_n of_o england_n pag._n 895._o of_o the_o last_o edition_n make_v mention_n of_o a_o breve_fw-la inauditum_fw-la as_o he_o there_o call_v it_o i._n e._n a_o unheard_a of_o writ_n issue_v by_o hen._n 3._o recite_v this_o as_o a_o part_n of_o it_o similiter_fw-la inquiratur_fw-la de_fw-la carucis_fw-la precariis_fw-la which_o by_o the_o learned_a author_n of_o the_o glossary_a at_o the_o end_n of_o the_o work_n be_v thus_o illustrate_v erant_fw-la &_o precariae_fw-la say_v he_o speak_v of_o several_a sort_n of_o plough_n quas_fw-la scilicet_fw-la in_o necessitate_v aliqua_fw-la eminentiori_fw-la colonus_fw-la vaus_fw-la à _fw-la proximo_fw-la suis_fw-la precario_fw-la mutuabatur_fw-la hence_o the_o phrase_n in_o many_o old_a custumal_n and_o rental_n of_o plough_v this_o or_o that_o quantity_n of_o the_o lord_n land_n by_o his_o tenant_n de_fw-fr prece_fw-la de_fw-la precaria_fw-la ad_fw-la precariam_fw-la and_o the_o like_a in_o precariis_fw-la carucacum_fw-la &_o in_fw-la auxilio_fw-la herciandi_fw-la uj._o sol_fw-la viij_o den_n say_v a_o old_a accompt-roll_n memorat_fw-la of_o saltwood_n manor_n the_o meaning_n of_o such_o passage_n in_o record_n of_o that_o kind_n as_o this_o arant_fw-la preces_fw-la semel_fw-la ad_fw-la conredium_fw-la thanet_n curiae_fw-la etc._n etc._n and_o the_o like_a may_v hence_o be_v pick_v out_o it_o take_v name_n this_o of_o benerth_n i_o conceive_v of_o the_o saxon_a be_v postulatio_fw-la as_o mr._n lambard_n and_o before_o he_o jornadensis_n translate_n the_o saxon_a law_n turn_v the_o word_n occur_v in_o the_o title_n of_o the_o eight_o of_o king_n ina_n law_n as_o sir_n hen._n spelman_n do_v by_o rogatis_fw-la council_n tom_fw-mi 1._o pag._n 583._o
whence_o probable_o fleta_n lib._n 2._o cap._n 84._o speak_v of_o those_o plough_n call_v they_o carucas_fw-la rogatas_fw-la a_o certain_a service_n the_o same_o i_o take_v it_o with_o bractons_n gavel-rip_a messura_fw-la fol._n 35._o b._n undergo_v by_o the_o tenant_n of_o some_o manor_n tie_v to_o reap_v their_o lord_n corn_n for_o he_o which_o if_o redeem_v or_o take_v in_o money_n be_v usual_o term_v ripsilver_n of_o the_o former_a in_o the_o custumal_a cant._n of_o westwell_n manor_n in_o kent_n i_o read_v de_fw-fr consuetudive_n metendi_fw-la xl_o acras_fw-la &_o dimid_n de_fw-fr gavel-rip_a in_o autumpno_n xl_o s._n uj._o d._n and_o in_o another_o like_a record_n i_o meet_v with_o the_o latter_a thus_o explain_v to_o our_o hand_n de_fw-fr sulinga_fw-mi de_fw-fr ripsilver_n witstable_n xuj_o de_fw-fr ripsilver_n quia_fw-la homines_fw-la de_fw-la witstable_n solebant_fw-la antiquitus_fw-la metere_fw-la apud_fw-la bertonam_fw-la and_o as_o in_o tillageservice_n certain_a tenant_n be_v bind_v to_o it_o de_fw-mi gablo_fw-mi other_o de_fw-la prece_fw-la and_o thence_o the_o one_o service_n call_v gavelerth_n the_o other_o benerth_n so_o for_o reap_v also_o there_o be_v some_o that_o hold_v by_o gavelrip-service_n other_o by_o bedrip-service_n the_o old_a glossary_a at_o the_o end_n of_o benrip_v hen._n 1._o law_n have_v it_o benripe_a that_o do_v de_fw-mi gablo_fw-mi without_o any_o bid_n or_o summons_n and_o for_o the_o most_o part_n without_o coredy_o this_o de_fw-la prece_fw-la upon_o bid_v or_o summons_n and_o regular_o with_o coredy_o in_o villa_n de_fw-fr ickham_n say_v the_o old_a custumal_a of_o that_o manor_n of_o christ-church_n sunt_fw-la xuj_o cotarii_fw-la quorum_fw-la quilibet_fw-la habet_fw-la v_o acras_fw-la &_o hae_fw-la sunt_fw-la earum_fw-la consuetudines_fw-la ducunt_fw-la brasium_fw-la etc._n etc._n &_o quilibet_fw-la tres_fw-la preces_fw-la i._n e._n say_v the_o old_a marginal_a gloss_n there_o quando_fw-la rogantur_fw-la per_fw-la servientem_fw-la curiae_fw-la debent_fw-la metere_fw-la sive_fw-la aliud_fw-la facere_fw-la quod_fw-la expedit_fw-la domino_fw-la per_fw-la tres_fw-la dies_fw-la &_o si_fw-la noluerint_fw-la facere_fw-la possint_fw-la artari_fw-la etc._n etc._n as_o i_o give_v you_o some_o instance_n before_o of_o gavelrip_n so_o i_o may_v also_o of_o bedrip_n but_o for_o brevity_n sake_n i_o will_v only_o refer_v you_o to_o that_o in_o sir_n hen._n spelman_n glossary_a verbo_fw-la bidripa_n which_o be_v bare_o mention_v there_o bidrip_n without_o exposition_n may_v hence_o be_v understand_v and_o as_o be_v in_o benerth_n be_v of_o a_o saxon_a original_a so_o likewise_o bede_n here_o in_o bedrip_n and_o indeed_o they_o be_v univocal_a draw_v this_o from_o the_o saxon_a ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d petere_fw-la rogare_fw-la and_o apply_v to_o this_o service_n upon_o the_o same_o ground_n that_o ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d to_o a_o crier_n beadle_z summoner_n bailiff_n so_o call_v bedellus_fw-la from_o his_o office_n which_o be_v to_o warn_v summon_v give_v notice_n etc._n etc._n as_o these_o tenant_n be_v to_o be_v warn_v summon_v in_o a_o word_n bid_v to_o come_v and_o perform_v this_o service_n et_fw-fr de_fw-fr cxcix_o operibus_fw-la magnae_fw-la precariae_fw-la provenien_fw-fr de_fw-fr omnib_fw-la tenentibus_fw-la domini_fw-la tam_fw-la liberis_fw-la quam_fw-la nativis_fw-la infra_fw-la dominium_fw-la domini_fw-la quorum_fw-la quilibet_fw-la domum_fw-la habens_fw-la de_fw-la quo_fw-la fumus_fw-la exiit_fw-la inveniet_fw-la unum_fw-la hominem_fw-la ad_fw-la magnam_fw-la precariam_fw-la si_fw-la ad_fw-la hoc_fw-la summonitus_fw-la fuerit_fw-la etc._n etc._n as_o it_o be_v in_o account_n gavelmed_n of_o the_o manor_n of_o harwe_v now_o call_v harrow_n in_o middlesex_n anno_fw-la 21._o rich._n 2._o a_o service_n of_o much_o affinity_n with_o the_o former_a in_o a_o accompt-roll_n memorat_fw-la of_o ter_v manor_n in_o sussex_n anno_fw-la 11._o edw._n 1._o it_o occur_v thus_o consuetudo_fw-la metendi_fw-la quae_fw-la voco_fw-la gavelrip_n follow_v consuetudo_fw-la falcandi_fw-la quae_fw-la voco_fw-la gavelm_v and_o anon_o after_o et_fw-la pro_fw-la una_fw-la septimana_fw-la dum_fw-la falcatur_fw-la stipula_fw-la quae_fw-la voco_fw-la gavelm_v it_o need_v no_o further_a open_n a_o certain_a proportion_n of_o rent-oat_n serve_v in_o sometime_o gavel-ore_a in_o kind_n other_o while_n by_o composition_n redeem_v with_o money_n as_o to_o the_o former_a its_o payment_n in_o kind_n i_o read_v thus_o in_o a_o memorat_fw-la old_a custumal_a sans_o date_n of_o southmal_v manor_n in_o sussex_n borga_fw-la de_fw-fr wellingham_n operarii_fw-la omnes_fw-la isti_fw-la operarii_fw-la de_fw-la w._n debent_fw-la reddere_fw-la annuatim_fw-la de_fw-la qualibet_fw-la virgata_fw-la unum_fw-la quarterium_fw-la avenae_fw-la quod_fw-la dicitur_fw-la gavelote_n in_o xlma._n in_o a_o accompt-roll_n of_o the_o same_o manor_n i_o find_v a_o charge_n suitable_a idem_fw-la respondet_fw-la de_fw-la octo_fw-la quarteriis_fw-la quatuor_fw-la bush_n avenae_fw-la receptis_fw-la de_fw-la gabulo_fw-la custumariorum_fw-la de_fw-la wellingham_n and_o for_o the_o redeem_n it_o with_o money_n a_o old_a sup_n account_n sans_o date_n of_o the_o abbey_n of_o st._n augustine_n manor_n of_o swain_n and_o borewaremersh_n in_o rumney_n mersh_fw-mi furnish_v we_o with_o a_o instance_n of_o it_o thus_o et_fw-la de_fw-la avena_fw-la de_fw-fr gablo_fw-mi vendita_fw-la iij._o s._n like_o to_o that_o in_o old_a sup_n accompt-roll_n of_o gillingham_n manor_n by_o rochester_n et_fw-fr de_fw-fr x._o s._n uj._o d._n de_fw-fr quinque_fw-la quarteriis_fw-la duob_fw-la bush_n de_fw-fr gavelote_n de_fw-fr redditu_fw-la venditis_fw-la a_o service_n like_a to_o that_o speak_v of_o by_o littleton_n under_o gaveldung_n the_o title_n of_o villeinage_n to_o carry_v the_o lord_n dung_n out_o of_o the_o site_n of_o the_o manor_n unto_o the_o land_n of_o his_o lord_n etc._n etc._n whereof_o in_o a_o sup_n accompt-roll_n of_o storham_n manor_n in_o sussex_n of_o about_o edw._n 1._o time_n under_o the_o title_n of_o consuetudines_fw-la &_o servitia_fw-la de_fw-la omnibus_fw-la borghis_n extra_fw-la boscum_fw-la praeter_fw-la suthram_n i_o read_v in_o the_o accomptant_n charge_v as_o follow_v idem_fw-la respondet_fw-la de_fw-la consuetudine_fw-la extrahendi_fw-la fimum_fw-la debita_fw-la per_fw-la custumarios_fw-la tenentes_fw-la xxvij_o virgatas_fw-la dimid_n &_o i_o ferling_n in_o borgh_n de_fw-fr goat_n middelham_n astone_n northlington_n &_o wellingham_n in_o una_fw-la septimane_a post_fw-la festum_fw-la s._n michaelis_fw-la cum_fw-la auxilio_fw-la molmannorum_fw-la quod_fw-la servitium_fw-la voco_fw-la gaveldung_n see_v the_o grand_fw-fr custumier_fw-fr of_o normandy_n cap._n 53._o in_o fine_a what_o service_n this_o be_v the_o place_n itself_o where_o it_o occur_v gavelrod_n sufficient_o explain_v unto_o we_o and_o that_o be_v a_o old_a supra_fw-la extent_n of_o the_o manor_n of_o ter_v in_o sussex_n anno_fw-la 5._o edw._n 1._o where_o under_o the_o title_n of_o virgatarii_fw-la operarii_fw-la de_fw-la wadeherst_n we_o have_v it_o thus_o in_o borga_fw-la de_fw-fr wadeherst_n sunt_fw-la xv_o virgatae_fw-la dimid_n &_o i_o firl_v terrae_fw-la nativae_fw-la quarum_fw-la quaelibet_fw-la debet_fw-la claudere_fw-la unam_fw-la perticatam_fw-la sepis_fw-la circa_fw-la curiam_fw-la de_fw-la malling_n &_o debet_fw-la pro_fw-la pollis_fw-la &_o claustura_fw-la quam_fw-la facere_fw-la solebat_fw-la ad_fw-la natalem_fw-la beati_fw-la johannis_n baptistae_fw-la annuatim_fw-la reddere_fw-la i_o d._n ob_fw-la quod_fw-la dicitur_fw-la gavelrod_n &_o burghard_n etc._n etc._n burghyard_n certain_a rent-timber_n to_o be_v use_v in_o repair_v the_o timber_n lord_n mansionhouse_n or_o some_o appertein_v edifice_n and_o as_o some_o record_n do_v specify_v it_o rafter_n whence_o in_o a_o sup_n accompt-roll_n of_o norbourne_n manor_n in_o east_n kent_n anno_fw-la 31._o edw._n 3._o as_o a_o part_n of_o the_o accomptant_n charge_v there_o i_o read_v thus_o et_fw-la de_fw-la c_o c._n refter_n the_o gavel-tymber_n de_fw-fr redditu_fw-la quilibet_fw-la de_fw-la longitudine_fw-la xiij_o bed_n de_fw-fr quibus_fw-la proveniunt_fw-la de_fw-fr tenemento_fw-it de_fw-fr borewaresyle_n c._n &_o de_fw-la tenemento_fw-it de_fw-it monynden_fw-mi c._n another_o like_a roll_n of_o the_o same_o manor_n call_v it_o gavel_n refter_o and_o much_o of_o gavel-reft_a the_o same_o nature_n be_v the_o next_o call_v gavel-bord_n whereof_o gavel-bord_n in_o the_o last_o cite_v roll_v mention_n be_v thus_o make_v et_fw-fr de_fw-fr c_o c_o c._n gavelbordis_n de_fw-fr redditu_fw-la quilibet_fw-la de_fw-la longitudine_fw-la iij._o bed_n dimid_n unde_fw-la etc._n etc._n these_o rent_n and_o service_n be_v wont_a to_o be_v charge_v upon_o their_o wealdish_a tenant_n such_o as_o occupy_v their_o wood-land_n and_o so_o be_v the_o next_o and_o by_o a_o inversion_n of_o the_o syllable_n swine-gavel_a gavelswine_n a_o wealdish_a service_n i_o say_v signify_v rent-hog_n or_o rent-swine_n so_o call_v when_o pay_v in_o kind_n et_fw-la de_fw-fr seven_o s._n x._o d_o de_fw-fr iij._o porcis_fw-la de_fw-fr gablo_fw-mi venditis_fw-la ad_fw-la parocum_fw-la de_fw-la maghefeld_n etc._n etc._n as_o it_o be_v in_o a_o roll_n sup_n of_o account_n of_o mayfield_n manor_n in_o sussex_n anno_fw-la 11._o edw._n 3._o otherwise_o swine-paneges_a swine-money_n and_o swine-money_n and_o the_o like_a when_o namely_o they_o be_v redeem_v with_o the_o penny_n or_o with_o money_n which_o be_v usual_o pay_v
circumcisionis_fw-la domini_fw-la xx_o d._n but_o so_o call_v i_o trow_v when_o compound_v for_o in_o money_n otherwise_o upon_o the_o same_o ground_n malt-peny_n as_o the_o old_a customal_n of_o the_o malt-peny_n same_o manor_n frequent_o name_v it_o so_o call_v peradventure_o in_o relation_n to_o some_o great_a les-gavel_a rent_n or_o service_n arise_v and_o pay_v out_o of_o the_o same_o land_n that_o this_o at_o some_o other_o part_n or_o season_n of_o the_o year_n i_o guess_v hereat_o by_o a_o old_a cant._n customal_n of_o charing_n manor_n where_o indeed_o i_o find_v it_o so_o and_o so_o les-gavel_a quasi_fw-la lesle-rent_a or_o lesle-service_n i_o take_v it_o to_o be_v the_o same_o that_o in_o the_o customal_n and_o rental_n of_o some_o other_o manor_n i_o find_v write_v lesyeld_v and_o lesgeld_v unless_o leaf-gavel_a it_o be_v mistake_v for_o the_o next_o leaf-gavel_a thus_o occur_v in_o a_o old_a accompt-roll_n of_o the_o church_n of_o canterbury_n et_fw-fr de_fw-fr twelve_o l._n iij._o d._n ob_fw-la de_fw-fr annuo_fw-la redditu_fw-la assis_fw-la cum_fw-la leafgabulo_n ad_fw-la terminum_fw-la s._n martini_n which_o i_o conceive_v to_o be_v the_o same_o with_o what_o in_o a_o like_a record_n of_o hathewolden_a now_o halden_n manor_n in_o kent_n be_v call_v lef-silver_n les-sily_a et_fw-fr de_fw-fr xviij_o d._n the_o lef-silver_n in_o hathewoldum_n the_o old_a custumal_a of_o tenham_n manor_n in_o kent_n call_z it_o lyefyield_v lyef-yeild_a thus_o explain_v it_o tenentes_fw-la de_fw-fr waldis_n non_fw-la possunt_fw-la arare_fw-la terras_fw-la svas_fw-la ab_fw-la equinoctio_fw-la autumpnali_fw-la usque_fw-la festum_fw-la beati_fw-la martini_n sine_fw-la licentia_fw-la et_fw-la ideo_fw-la reddunt_fw-la annuatim_fw-la dimidiam_fw-la marcam_fw-la ad_fw-la festum_fw-la s._n martini_n sive_fw-la fuerit_fw-la pessona_fw-la sive_fw-la non_fw-la et_fw-la voco_fw-la lyes-yeld_a whereby_o it_o seem_v to_o be_v a_o tribute_n pay_v by_o certain_a wealdish_a tenant_n for_o liberty_n to_o plough_v their_o ground_n during_o a_o certain_a season_n of_o the_o year_n viz._n tempore_fw-la pessonae_fw-la which_o because_o of_o some_o prejudice_n that_o may_v thereby_o redound_v to_o the_o lord_n in_o his_o pawnage_n be_v not_o permit_v without_o his_o leave_n gabulum_fw-la mellis_fw-la as_o the_o old_a sup_n rental_n of_o chistlet_n hunig-gavel_a manor_n in_o kent_n seem_v to_o term_v what_o some_o ancient_a accompt-roll_n sup_n of_o otteford_n and_o other_o manor_n call_v hunigave_v both_o one_o and_o tother_o signify_v rent-honey_n item_n de_fw-fr weregavel_n uj._o d._n aliquando_fw-la tamen_fw-la plus_fw-la aliquando_fw-la weregavel_a minus_fw-la thus_o in_o the_o cant._n custumal_a of_o the_o canterbury_n cathedral_n manor_n of_o leisdowne_n in_o the_o isle_n of_o shepey_n it_o seem_v to_o be_v a_o rent_n pay_v in_o respect_n of_o wear_v or_o kiddel_n to_o catch_v fish_n withal_o pitch_v and_o place_v by_o the_o seacoast_n and_o until_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la forbid_v it_o in_o some_o river_n too_o whereof_o see_v further_o in_o sir_n hen._n spelman_n glossary_a verbo_fw-la kidellus_fw-la and_o in_o sir_n edw._n coke_n institutes_n part_v 2._o pag._n 38._o and_o elsewhere_o in_o a_o cant._n accompt-roll_n of_o the_o manor_n of_o reculver_n twyâgavel_n in_o kent_n anno_fw-la 16._o edw._n 3._o this_o service_n in_o the_o charge_n there_o thus_o occurr_n idem_fw-la respondet_fw-la de_fw-la 814_o &_o dimid_a bed_n clausur_fw-fr hayag_n fac_fw-la circa_fw-la manerium_fw-la ex_fw-la consuetudine_fw-la unde_fw-la de_fw-fr twygavel_n 200._o i_o meet_v with_o it_o elsewhere_o also_o but_o with_o explanation_n no_o where_o take_v liberty_n of_o conjecture_n i_o conceive_v it_o to_o be_v some_o double_a kind_n of_o service_n by_o the_o twy_n prepose_v as_o elsewhere_o twysket_n a_o twyâsket_n imposition_n upon_o the_o tenant_n of_o aldington_n manor_n by_o romney_n mersh_fw-mi for_o maintain_v the_o seacoast_n there_o and_o other_o like_a defence_n against_o inundation_n be_v term_v duplum_fw-la as_o thus_o computus_fw-la de_fw-la duplo_fw-la wallae_n quod_fw-la voco_fw-la twysket_n so_o the_o accompt-roll_n of_o that_o manor_n in_o the_o six_o year_n of_o st._n edmund_n archbishopric_n be_v term_v of_o our_o learned_a glossarist_n verb._n berewica_n bere-gafol_a by_o tributum_fw-la hordeaceum_fw-la elsewhere_o viz._n verb._n gabella_n by_o redditus_fw-la hordeaceus_fw-la you_o shall_v find_v in_o the_o 60th_o of_o king_n ina_n law_n in_o mr._n lambards_n archaion_n if_o it_o be_v not_o rent-barley_n i_o shall_v take_v it_o for_o the_o drincelean_a drincelean_n occur_v as_o in_o the_o last_o chapter_n of_o the_o leges_fw-la presbyterorum_fw-la northumbrensium_n in_o sir_n hen._n spelman_n council_n pag._n 502._o so_o also_o in_o the_o 87th_o of_o king_n cnute_n law_n in_o the_o archaion_n and_o in_o this_o latter_a place_n render_v in_o the_o old_a version_n in_o brampton_n just_a as_o oryncelan_n mistake_v for_o drincelan_n in_o the_o old_a glossary_a at_o the_o end_n of_o hen._n 1._o law_n by_o retributio_fw-la potus_fw-la if_o so_o it_o seem_v to_o be_v the_o same_o with_o what_o be_v afterward_o call_v scot-ale_n whereof_o scot-ale_n you_o may_v read_v in_o matth._n paris_n the_o charter_n of_o the_o forest_n bracton_n the_o mirroir_n and_o elsewhere_o king_n hen._n 2._o in_o his_o charter_n to_o the_o citizen_n of_o canterbury_n acquit_v they_o of_o it_o ita_fw-la quod_fw-la say_v he_o vicecome_fw-la meus_fw-la cantuar._n vel_fw-la aliquis_fw-la alius_fw-la ballivus_fw-la scotalam_fw-la non_fw-la faciet_fw-la it_o be_v sometime_o call_v potura_n and_o be_v a_o contribution_n potura_fw-la by_o the_o man_n and_o tenant_n towards_o a_o potation_n i._n e._n a_o drink_v or_o as_o some_o yet_o speak_v a_o ale_n provide_v to_o entertain_v the_o lord_n or_o his_o bailiff_n withal_o come_v to_o keep_v court_n or_o the_o like_a raise_v by_o a_o proportion_n or_o rate_n more_o or_o less_o according_a to_o the_o better_a or_o mean_a condition_n in_o a_o old_a memorat_fw-la custumal_a of_o southmal_v manor_n in_o sussex_n in_o that_o part_n of_o it_o entitle_v bortha_fw-mi de_fw-mi fell_v i_o read_v as_o follow_v item_n si_fw-la dominus_fw-la archiepiscopus_fw-la fecerit_fw-la scotall_a infra_fw-la boscum_fw-la quilibet_fw-la terram_fw-la tenens_fw-la dabit_fw-la ibi_fw-la pro_fw-la se_fw-la &_o uxore_fw-la sua_fw-la iij._o ob_fw-la &_o vidua_fw-la vel_fw-la kotarius_fw-la i_o d._n in_o the_o sup_n extent_n of_o the_o manor_n of_o ter_v to_o give_v you_o another_o instance_n anno_fw-la 5._o edw._n 1._o this_o scotale_a service_n be_v thus_o remember_v lewes_n memorandum_n quod_fw-la praedicti_fw-la tenentes_fw-la debent_fw-la de_fw-la consuetudine_fw-la inter_fw-la eas_fw-la facere_fw-la scotalium_fw-la de_fw-la xuj_o d._n &_o ob_fw-la ita_fw-la quod_fw-la de_fw-la singulis_fw-la sex_n denar_fw-mi detur_fw-la i_o d._n ob_fw-la ad_fw-la potandum_fw-la bedello_n domini_fw-la archiepiscopi_fw-la super_fw-la praedictum_fw-la feodum_fw-la bracton_n say_v it_o be_v sometime_o call_v filctale_a sol_fw-la 117._o b._n which_o our_o learned_a fildale_n glossarist_n in_o voce_fw-mi correct_v read_v fildale_n and_o be_v in_o some_o sort_n follow_v by_o sir_n edw._n coke_n institut_n part_n 4._o pag._n 307._o with_o the_o varia_n lectio_fw-la before_o bracton_n i_o shall_v rather_o read_v it_o gildale_n and_o then_o indeed_o as_o it_o gild-ale_n come_v near_o the_o other_o scot-ale_n so_o with_o that_o better_a answer_n to_o our_o present_a bere-gafol_a gilled_a gafol_n and_o scot_n be_v as_o it_o be_v synonyma_fw-la and_o univocal_a observe_v to_o be_v always_o pay_v by_o the_o tenant_n per_fw-mi for-gavel_a avail_v to_o the_o mesne_fw-la lord_n not_o to_o the_o chief_a and_o thence_o call_v in_o some_o old_a record_n and_o deed_n foris-gabulum_a quasi_fw-la extra_fw-la vel_fw-la praeter_fw-la gabulum_fw-la quod_fw-la domino_fw-la capitali_fw-la debetur_fw-la just_o like_o the_o french_a man_n surcens_n will_v you_o have_v a_o example_n john_n then_o the_o son_n of_o richard_n at_o horsfald_n by_o his_o cant._n deed_n date_a anno_o 1242._o give_n to_o warin_n of_o stablegate_n a_o parcel_n of_o land_n to_o be_v hold_v to_o he_o and_o his_o heir_n or_o to_o whosoever_o he_o shall_v give_v sell_v or_o assign_v it_o a_o clause_n without_o which_o by_o the_o account_n of_o those_o elder_a time_n land_n be_v not_o alienate_v from_o the_o proper_a 16._o heir_n pay_v to_o the_o prior_n and_o covent_n of_o christchurch_n canterbury_n lord_n it_o seem_v of_o the_o fee_n certain_a annal_a rent_n and_o hen_n and_o to_o the_o feossor_n and_o his_o heir_n i_o d._n yearly_a de_fw-fr forgabulo_fw-la etc._n etc._n some_o other_o instance_n of_o this_o kind_n may_v be_v add_v but_o i_o must_v contract_v pass_v over_o metegavel_n whereof_o mention_n be_v gavel_n make_v in_o the_o old_a glossary_a at_o the_o end_n of_o hen._n 1._o law_n and_o there_o in_o latin_a render_v cibi_fw-la gablum_fw-la now_o a_o word_n or_o two_o of_o gavelet_n this_o i_o must_v tell_v you_o be_v no_o rent_n or_o service_n but_o gavelate_v betoken_v a_o rent_n or_o service_n withhold_v deny_v or_o detain_v cause_v the_o tenement_n forfeiture_n to_o the_o lord_n whence_o those_o word_n of_o fleta_n recite_v the_o statute_n
as_o it_o be_v use_v beside_o in_o composition_n in_o each_o import_a cens_n i._n e._n rent_n either_o in_o money_n provision_n or_o work_n and_o be_v thus_o far_o advance_v in_o the_o dispatch_n of_o our_o positive_a proposition_n what_o be_v the_o true_a sense_n of_o gavelkynd_n i_o must_v now_o desire_v the_o reader_n in_o the_o next_o place_n to_o observe_v and_o consider_v censual_a with_o i_o that_o as_o there_o be_v divers_a sort_n of_o land_n to_o be_v find_v both_o in_o this_o county_n and_o elsewhere_o by_o the_o nature_n of_o their_o tenure_n not_o censive_a or_o censual_a nor_o of_o the_o kind_n to_o pay_v or_o yield_v gavel_n that_o be_v such_o rent_n or_o rent-service_n whether_o in_o money_n provision_n or_o work_n as_o arise_v from_o ignoble_a base_a and_o plebeian_a tenor_n in_o which_o only_a gavel_n be_v conversant_a to_o those_o of_o who_o such_o land_n be_v hold_v those_o namely_o hold_v in_o alodio_n in_o frankalmoigne_n or_o mortmain_n as_o call_v mortua_fw-la also_o abroad_o because_o yield_v the_o lord_n no_o profit_n as_o be_v in_o a_o dead_a hand_n in_o knights-service_n in_o frank_n fee_n and_o the_o like_a so_o be_v there_o also_o such_o as_o that_o hold_v in_o socage_n or_o burgage_n tenor_n or_o the_o like_a though_o free_a which_o contrariwise_o be_v censual_a liable_a to_o rent_n in_o some_o one_o or_o more_o of_o the_o kind_n premise_v to_o distinguish_v therefore_o if_o not_o general_o what_o land_n be_v from_o what_o be_v not_o of_o gafol_n gild_a nature_n or_o of_o the_o kind_n to_o yield_v or_o pay_v cens_fw-la yet_o special_o to_o put_v a_o difference_n between_o what_o alone_o be_v proper_o and_o ancient_o call_v ignobile_fw-la fee_n knight-service_n land_n and_o it_o under_o which_o double_a head_n be_v comprise_v the_o generality_n of_o our_o whole_a country_n land_n answer_v as_o to_o that_o dichotomy_n of_o chivalry_n and_o socage_n tenor_n whereunto_o all_o the_o land_n in_o england_n in_o the_o hand_n of_o common_a person_n be_v chivalry_n refer_v so_o also_o to_o that_o know_a distinction_n of_o their_o land_n in_o normandy_n from_o whence_o as_o some_o 545._o surmise_n we_o receive_v our_o gavelkynd_n whereof_o more_o hereafter_o unto_o fief_n de_fw-fr haubert_n and_o fief_n de_fw-fr roturier_n that_o be_v the_o nobleman_n fee_n and_o the_o husbandman_n or_o ploughman_n fee_n for_o distinction_n sake_n i_o say_v of_o censual_a or_o rent_a land_n or_o rent-service_n land_n from_o what_o like_o fee_n proper_o so_o call_v be_v hold_v per_fw-la liberum_fw-la servitium_fw-la armorum_fw-la yield_v no_o cens_n rent_n or_o service_n whether_o in_o money_n provision_n or_o work_n the_o former_a of_o the_o twain_o be_v call_v gavelkynd_n that_o be_v as_o mr._n lambard_n right_o in_o the_o second_o of_o his_o forementioned_a conjecture_n of_o the_o kind_n or_o nature_n to_o pay_v or_o yield_v rend_v or_o land_n hold_v not_o proper_o in_o fee_n but_o as_o the_o feudist_n be_v wont_n in_o this_o case_n to_o distinguish_v contractu_fw-la censuali_fw-la as_o be_v let_v out_o with_o or_o under_o condition_n to_o pay_v cens_n or_o rent_n or_o with_o a_o reservation_n of_o cen_n or_o rent_n like_v unto_o those_o in_o the_o charter_n of_o the_o conqueror_n and_o his_o son_n hen._n 1._o the_o one_o to_o battle_n the_o other_o to_o read_v abbey_n express_o call_v terrae_fw-la censuales_fw-la and_o there_o oppose_v to_o fee_n censuales_fw-la witness_v this_o provision_n occur_v in_o each_o charter_n terras_fw-la censuales_fw-la nec_fw-la ad_fw-la feudum_fw-la donet_fw-la nec_fw-la milites_fw-la nisi_fw-la in_o sacra_fw-la veste_fw-la christi_fw-la faciat_fw-la nec_fw-la de_fw-la possessionibus_fw-la ecclesiae_fw-la quisquam_fw-la teneat_fw-la aliquid_fw-la feudaliter_fw-la absolutum_fw-la sed_fw-la ad_fw-la censum_fw-la annuum_fw-la &_o servitium_fw-la abbati_n &_o monachis_fw-la debitum_fw-la see_v clement_n reyner_n apostolatus_fw-la benedictinor_fw-la in_o anglia_fw-it tract_n 2._o pag._n 137_o &_o 154._o it_o be_v no_o simple_a word_n gavelkynd_n but_o a_o compound_n signify_v of_o gavel_n and_o kind_n the_o latter_a syllable_n whereof_o to_o proceed_v on_o to_o that_o come_v and_o be_v contract_v of_o the_o saxon_a ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d a_o word_n frequent_o occur_v in_o the_o saxon_a sermon_n set_v forth_o and_o publish_v by_o mr._n fox_n in_o his_o act_n and_o monument_n and_o again_o of_o late_a by_o mr._n lisle_n as_o a_o appendix_n to_o another_o saxon_a piece_n a_o treatise_n of_o the_o old_a and_o new_a testament_n in_o the_o version_n or_o translation_n of_o the_o word_n they_o both_o concur_v render_v it_o in_o our_o modern_a english_a 471._o nature_n to_o give_v a_o instance_n or_o two_o ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d i._n e._n after_o true_a nature_n ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d i._n e._n it_o be_v natural_o and_o the_o like_a iâ_n will_v peradventure_o be_v object_v that_o mr._n lambard_n in_o his_o perambulation_n pag._n 495._o meeting_n with_o the_o word_n several_a time_n in_o the_o saxon_a will_n of_o byrhtric_n of_o mepham_n in_o this_o often_o repeat_v passage_n there_o ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d always_o translate_v it_o after_o the_o old_a latin_a version_n in_o textus_fw-la roffensis_fw-la within_o that_o kindred_n and_o in_o a_o marginal_a note_n against_o it_o call_v it_o a_o kind_n of_o gift_n in_o tail_n lambard_n but_o for_o reply_n if_o i_o may_v have_v leave_n free_o to_o deliver_v my_o sense_n that_o version_n be_v not_o good_a for_o under_o favour_n ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d there_o import_v not_o as_o that_o translation_n will_v kindred_n but_o rather_o kind_n nature_n sort_n quality_n or_o condition_n and_o consequent_o ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d there_o if_o right_o be_v thus_o i_o take_v it_o and_o not_o otherwise_o to_o be_v english_v viz_o in_o that_o kind_n or_o after_o that_o nature_n or_o upon_o the_o same_o term_n or_o with_o the_o same_o condition_n have_v relation_n if_o you_o mark_v it_o to_o the_o tie_n upon_o the_o next_o precedent_n legacy_n gift_n or_o devise_n of_o other_o land_n charge_v either_o with_o alm_n or_o with_o rent_n in_o way_n of_o alm_n payable_a thereout_o by_o the_o legatary_n or_o devisee_n for_o the_o devisor_n or_o testator_n his_o soul_n health_n have_v it_o be_v otherwise_o t_v book_n the_o follow_a passage_n in_o a_o charter_n record_v in_o a_o lieger_n of_o the_o often_o allege_v cathedral_n at_o canterbury_n of_o certain_a land_n all_o which_o the_o party_n have_v in_o southweâk_n give_v to_o that_o church_n by_o norman_a le_fw-fr wautier_n in_o the_o year_n of_o christ_n 1204_o which_o thus_o speak_v et_fw-la quia_fw-la praedicta_fw-la terra_fw-la de_fw-la libero_fw-la catallo_fw-la &_o proprio_fw-la perquisito_fw-la meo_fw-la fuit_fw-la &_o non_fw-fr de_fw-fr aliqua_fw-la hereditate_fw-la parentum_fw-la meorum_fw-la ideo_fw-la deâminde_n &_o s._n thomam_fw-la martyrem_fw-la &_o sanctos_fw-la cantuariensis_n ecclesiae_fw-la &_o conventum_fw-la monachorum_fw-la ejusdem_fw-la heredem_fw-la b._n meum_fw-la legitimum_fw-la inscribo_fw-la &_o hac_fw-la mea_fw-la carta_fw-la in_o perpetuum_fw-la constituo_fw-la to_o which_o many_o more_o such_o like_a might_n easy_o be_v add_v from_o the_o same_o promptuarium_fw-la the_o fâudists_n in_o this_o case_n distinguish_v between_o feudum_fw-la novum_fw-la &_o antiquum_fw-la as_o may_v be_v see_v in_o vulteius_n de_fw-fr feudis_fw-la lib._n 1._o cap._n 10._o num_fw-la 73._o in_o the_o next_o place_n the_o reader_n may_v please_v to_o observe_v with_o i_o that_o as_o b._n britton_n distinguish_v of_o a_o double_a tenure_n in_o mortmain_n the_o one_o call_a almoigne_z or_o aumone_n simple_o the_o other_o frankalmoigne_n describe_v the_o former_a to_o be_v a_o gift_n in_o alm_n but_o not_o free_a alm_n because_o say_v he_o a_o certain_a service_n be_v retain_v or_o reserve_v to_o the_o feoffor_a cap._n 66._o fol._n 164._o â_o so_o this_o in_o hand_n be_v no_o alienation_n in_o frankalmoigne_n the_o fâoffers_n it_o seem_v not_o intend_v to_o give_v the_o land_n in_o that_o absolute_a manner_n but_o in_o token_n of_o seignory_n to_o reserve_v something_o of_o service_n to_o themselves_o phrase_n their_o gift_n not_o in_o puram_fw-la eleemosynam_fw-la or_o in_o liberam_fw-la eleemosynam_fw-la one_o of_o which_o word_n viz._n either_o pura_fw-la or_o libera_fw-la be_v some_o say_v other_o say_v b._n both_o essential_a to_o the_o make_v it_o a_o tenure_n in_o frankalmoigne_n and_o to_o the_o excuse_v it_o from_o service_n with_o which_o the_o next_o follow_v word_n and_o to_o gavelkynd_n can_v not_o have_v consist_v pure_a alm_n or_o frankalmoigne_n exclude_v the_o return_n of_o all_o but_o divine_a service_n and_o burden_n they_o phrase_v it_o not_o therefore_o i_o say_v in_o puram_fw-la or_o liberam_fw-la eleâmosynam_fw-la but_o only_o in_o perpetuam_fw-la eleâmosynam_fw-la and_o to_o gavelkynd_n by_o the_o former_a of_o these_o word_n invest_v the_o hospital_n with_o a_o estate_n in_o perpetuity_n by_o the_o latter_a and_o the_o reddendo_fw-la follow_v save_v and_o reserve_v
frank_n fee_fw-mi then_o be_v oppose_v to_o ancient_n demesne_n which_o be_v socage_n can_v itself_o be_v socage_n nor_o will_n bractons_n distinction_n of_o socage_n into_o liberum_fw-la and_o villanum_fw-la apply_v to_o that_o difference_n in_o mr._n lambard_n of_o free_a and_o base_a socage_n by_o which_o the_o one_o shall_v consist_v of_o money_n and_o the_o other_o of_o base_a service_n be_v warrant_v as_o himself_o there_o observe_v from_o the_o ensue_a inquisition_n some_o land_n be_v therein_o denote_v to_o be_v of_o gavelkynd-nature_n which_o nevertheless_o do_v yield_v none_o other_o but_o money_n alone_o and_o none_o there_o of_o that_o nature_n charge_v with_o work_n beside_o that_o of_o suit_n of_o court_n improper_o call_v work_n as_o not_o come_v under_o the_o notion_n either_o of_o manuopera_n or_o carropera_n to_o which_o double_a head_n all_o work_n of_o this_o kind_n be_v wont_a to_o be_v refer_v hence_o let_v none_o persuade_v themselves_o that_o gavelkynd-land_n be_v not_o or_o by_o its_o nature_n be_v not_o liable_a to_o work_n for_o albeit_o that_o 66._o of_o king_n ina_n law_n in_o the_o archaion_n seem_v to_o counter-distinguish_a gafol_n and_o wârk_v and_o though_o moreover_o gafolland_n and_o werkland_n werkland_n occur_v in_o some_o manor_n out_o of_o kent_n as_o of_o a_o distinct_a and_o different_a nature_n yet_o both_o servile_a and_o oppose_v to_o what_o there_o be_v call_v terra_fw-la libera_fw-la denote_v i_o suppose_v free_a socage_n yet_o most_o certain_a it_o be_v that_o both_o gablum_fw-la and_o opera_fw-la do_v often_o meet_v and_o be_v find_v in_o gavelkynd-land_n witness_v the_o old_a custumal_a of_o monkton_n manor_n in_o thanet_n belong_v to_o the_o church_n of_o canterbury_n mention_v the_o particular_n of_o what_o servile_a work_v the_o tenant_n there_o stand_v charge_v with_o for_o the_o 18_o swolings_n so_o many_o plough-land_n i_o take_v 211._o it_o hold_v of_o the_o monk_n in_o gavelkynd_n witness_v also_o this_o passage_n in_o king_n john_n charter_n make_v to_o hubert_n the_o archbishop_n for_o the_o change_a gavelkynd-land_n into_o knights-fee_n at_o large_a exemplify_v by_o mr._n lambard_n peramb_v pag._n 531._o xenia_n averagia_n &_o alia_fw-la opera_fw-la quae_fw-la fiebant_fw-la de_fw-la terris_fw-la iisdem_fw-la convertantur_fw-la in_o redditum_fw-la denariorum_fw-la aequivalentur_fw-la witness_v in_o the_o three_o and_o last_o place_n not_o to_o multiply_v instance_n in_o a_o case_n so_o clear_a a_o inquisition_n find_v after_o the_o death_n of_o isabel_n de_fw-fr monte_fw-fr alto_fw-mi widow_n sometime_o of_o orpington_n record_v in_o a_o lieger_n of_o that_o cathedral_n whereof_o expect_v a_o copy_n in_o the_o appendix_n scriptura_fw-la 10._o it_o be_v true_a indeed_o at_o this_o day_n and_o time_n out_o of_o mind_n haply_o from_o richard_n the_o second_o lazzi_n time_n such_o servile_a work_n proper_o call_v villein-service_n have_v be_v as_o they_o still_o be_v intermit_v or_o rather_o quite_o cease_v insomuch_o as_o all_o our_o gavelkynd-land_n in_o point_n of_o service_n now_o differ_v nothing_o from_o free_a socage_n as_o it_o stand_v describe_v and_o define_v of_o bracton_n be_v such_o ubi_fw-la fit_a servitium_fw-la in_o denariis_fw-la to_o use_v his_o own_o word_n all_o the_o tenant_n burden_n his_o whole_a service_n be_v only_a servitium_fw-la crumenae_fw-la pecuniary_a such_o as_o payment_n of_o money_n for_o rent_n suit_n of_o court_n and_o such_o like_a nay_o in_o many_o grant_v of_o land_n in_o gavelkynd_n that_o i_o have_v see_v i_o find_v no_o tie_n at_o all_o upon_o the_o tenant_n no_o covenant_n or_o contract_n between_o his_o lord_n and_o he_o to_o require_v of_o he_o any_o such_o base_a service_n there_o be_v ut_fw-la communiter_fw-la and_o regular_o a_o reservation_n only_o of_o rent_n in_o money_n suit_n to_o his_o court_n or_o the_o like_a yet_o i_o must_v tell_v you_o as_o a_o reason_n hereof_o in_o my_o judgement_n that_o though_o gavelkynd_n in_o the_o genuine_a sense_n sound_a land_n let_v for_o gable_n cens_fw-la or_o rend_v consist_v chief_o in_o denariis_fw-la whence_o in_o a_o old_a cant._n custumal_a of_o eastry_n manor_n in_o kent_n i_o read_v in_o eodem_fw-la manerio_fw-la mutati_fw-la sunt_fw-la octo_fw-la cotarii_fw-la pro_fw-la gavelkende_v medlefârm_v tenet_fw-la unum_fw-la messuagium_fw-la tres_fw-la acras_fw-la quae_fw-la solent_fw-la esse_fw-la cotar_n modo_fw-la reddit_fw-la xl_o d._n de_fw-fr gablo_fw-mi and_o so_o divers_a more_o which_o haply_o will_v be_v better_o understand_v if_o i_o add_v what_o occurr_n in_o a_o old_a accompt-roll_n of_o the_o archbishop_n manor_n for_o the_o year_n 1230._o in_o charing_n bailive_v receipt_n et_fw-fr de_fw-fr xiij_o s._n iiij_o d._n the_o fine_a cotariorum_n ut_fw-la coteriae_fw-la suae_fw-la ponerentur_fw-la ad_fw-la redditum_fw-la yet_o common_o upon_o such_o grant_v in_o gavelkynd_n the_o tenant_n pareâd_v with_o such_o a_o sum_n of_o money_n to_o his_o lord_n in_o gersumam_fw-la i._n e._n in_o consideration_n of_o gersuma_n that_o grant_n and_o by_o way_n of_o fine_a as_o may_v seem_v equivalent_a to_o the_o base_a service_n otherwise_o imposeable_a and_o to_o have_v be_v charge_v upon_o that_o land_n and_o upon_o the_o tenant_n in_o respect_n thereof_o or_o if_o not_o probable_o as_o in_o gavelkynd-land_n by_o virtue_n of_o king_n john_n forementioned_a charter_n turn_v into_o knights-fee_n he_o have_v his_o rent_n enhance_v and_o augment_v to_o a_o equivalent_a value_n of_o his_o service_n to_o be_v redeem_v the_o cause_n in_o chief_a of_o the_o excuse_n of_o gavelkynd-man_n from_o base_a service_n of_o latter_a time_n and_o at_o this_o day_n be_v i_o conceive_v no_o other_o than_o the_o tenant_n buy_v they_o out_o and_o consequent_o the_o change_n of_o the_o same_o as_o littleton_n have_v it_o of_o socage_n in_o general_n into_o money_n by_o the_o mutual_a consent_n of_o lord_n and_o tenant_n whereof_o expect_v some_o example_n to_o be_v present_v in_o the_o appendix_n scripture_n 11_o and_o 12._o in_o the_o mean_a time_n have_v here_o a_o instance_n or_o two_o take_v from_o some_o old_a accompt-roll_n of_o the_o archbishop_n manor_n of_o this_o and_o that_o sum_n pay_v &_o receive_v for_o enfranchise_v the_o land_n from_o custom_n and_o service_n and_o change_v it_o into_o knights-fee_n whereof_o in_o the_o last-remembred_n accompt-roll_n and_o in_o the_o receipt_n of_o ceâring_v now_o call_v charing_n manor_n there_o et_fw-fr de_fw-fr ij_o s._n ix_o d._n ob_fw-la de_fw-fr incremento_fw-la redditus_fw-la thomae_fw-la de_fw-la bernfeuld_fw-mi de_fw-fr termino_fw-la sancti_fw-la johannis_n ut_fw-la terra_fw-la sua_fw-la de_fw-la caetero_fw-la sit_fw-la libera_fw-la de_fw-la consuetudinibus_fw-la per_fw-la feodum_fw-la militis_fw-la et_fw-fr de_fw-fr fourteen_o d._n quad_a de_fw-fr incremento_fw-la redditus_fw-la thomae_fw-la de_fw-la bend_v ut_fw-la terra_fw-la sua_fw-la sit_fw-la libera_fw-la per_fw-la feodum_fw-la militis_fw-la de_fw-la termino_fw-la s._n johannis_n and_o so_o some_o other_o there_o as_o also_o in_o maidstone_n and_o other_o archiepiscopal_a manor_n and_o such_o may_v well_o be_v reckon_v among_o land_n of_o that_o sort_n which_o in_o a_o copy_n of_o the_o book_n of_o aid_n cite_v by_o 533._o mr_n lambard_n be_v note_v to_o be_v hold_v in_o knights-service_n per_fw-la novam_fw-la licentiam_fw-la archiepiscopi_fw-la but_o to_o return_v to_o our_o gavelkynd_n which_o if_o not_o extensive_a to_o free_a socage_n they_o may_v seem_v to_o stand_v in_o need_n at_o this_o day_n of_o some_o other_o character_n to_o keep_v they_o unconfound_v than_o bracton_n in_o the_o definition_n and_o description_n of_o the_o latter_a do_v propose_v in_o regard_n the_o service_n of_o both_o equal_o consist_v in_o money_n to_o recapitulate_v now_o what_o have_v be_v deliver_v concern_v partition_n in_o kentish_a gavelkynd-land_n it_o be_v as_o have_v be_v show_v neither_o from_o the_o name_n nor_o from_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o land_n alone_o nor_o from_o prescription_n nor_o yet_o from_o any_o particular_a custom_n that_o this_o property_n there_o proceed_v but_o partly_o from_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o land_n and_o partly_o from_o custom_n not_o i_o say_v a_o particular_a one_o but_o a_o general_a custom_n extend_v throughout_o the_o whole_a county_n in_o censual_a land_n or_o land_n let_v for_o cens_n or_o what_o be_v all_o one_o with_o it_o gavel_n or_o gafol_n to_o say_v hold_v in_o fief_n or_o inheritance_n roturier_n as_o call_v in_o normandy_n and_o other_o part_n of_o france_n the_o antiquity_n whereof_o and_o how_o beginning_n in_o kent_n and_o why_o more_o general_a there_o than_o elsewhere_o shall_v be_v the_o argument_n of_o our_o next_o discourse_n proposition_n iii_o the_o antiquity_n of_o gavelkynd-custome_n in_o point_n especial_o of_o partition_n and_o why_o more_o general_a in_o kent_n than_o elsewhere_o master_n lambard_n 545._o incline_v in_o his_o opinion_n to_o conceive_v this_o custom_n bring_v hither_o out_o of_o normandy_n by_o odo_n earl_n of_o kent_n and_o bastard_n brother_n to_o king_n william_n the_o conqueror_n and_o that_o we_o
he_o he_o with_o 500_o of_o his_o horseman_n soon_o repel_v they_o force_v their_o retreat_n back_o into_o the_o city_n not_o without_o the_o slaughter_n of_o divers_a by_o the_o way_n this_o action_n be_v follow_v with_o the_o fire_n of_o all_o building_n whatsoever_o behither_o the_o river_n of_o thames_n pass_v over_o which_o the_o conqueror_n remove_v to_o wallingford_n whither_o archbishop_n stigand_n and_o other_o of_o the_o english_a nobility_n follow_v he_o and_o desert_v young_a edgar_n make_v their_o peace_n with_o the_o conqueror_n receive_v he_o as_o their_o sovereign_n who_o example_n the_o londoner_n soon_o follow_v render_v themselves_o also_o to_o the_o conqueror_n and_o as_o the_o kentish_a man_n have_v do_v deliver_v he_o hostage_n such_o both_o for_o number_n and_o quality_n as_o he_o require_v thus_o gulielmus_fw-la pictavensis_fw-la follow_v as_o i_o say_v by_o ordericus_n vitalis_n a_o writer_n of_o as_o it_o be_v the_o same_o time_n by_o which_o relation_n it_o be_v evident_a that_o the_o conqueror_n intend_v for_o kent_n do_v not_o set_v out_o as_o spot_n insinuate_v from_o london_n or_o those_o part_n but_o on_o the_o contrary_a ere_o he_o go_v to_o london_n make_v himself_o sure_a of_o kent_n by_o take_v dover_n castle_n the_o lock_n and_o key_n as_o one_o 3._o call_v it_o of_o all_o the_o kingdom_n and_o from_o thence_o after_o the_o kentish_a man_n voluntary_a submission_n to_o he_o march_v towards_o london_n now_o from_o the_o silent_a pass_v over_o most_o of_o these_o particular_n in_o other_o writer_n of_o and_o about_o this_o author_n time_n all_o save_v only_a ordericus_n vitalis_n let_v none_o call_v the_o truth_n of_o they_o in_o question_n since_o their_o undertake_n be_v for_o compile_v a_o more_o general_a story_n than_o that_o of_o the_o conqueror_n alone_o who_o therefore_o be_v more_o succinct_a and_o summary_n in_o their_o relation_n advise_o by_o their_o own_o confession_n pretermit_v many_o particular_a passage_n ingulphus_n after_o a_o summary_n relation_n of_o the_o conqueror_n act_n at_o his_o first_o come_v in_o excuse_v his_o brevity_n thus_o summatim_fw-la namque_fw-la ac_fw-la carptim_fw-la victoriosissimi_fw-la regis_fw-la gesta_fw-la narro_fw-la quia_fw-la secum_fw-la sequi_fw-la annuatim_fw-la passimque_fw-la scribere_fw-la gressus_fw-la suos_fw-la non_fw-la sufficio_fw-la whereas_o on_o the_o contrary_a this_o author_n pictavensis_n undertake_v only_o the_o act_n and_o life_n of_o the_o conqueror_n who_o chaplain_n he_o be_v sit_v himself_o to_o exspatiate_v in_o all_o memorable_a occurrence_n beside_o which_o i_o can_v but_o observe_v as_o tend_v much_o to_o the_o credit_n both_o of_o our_o author_n and_o his_o relation_n although_o gemeticensis_n a_o writer_n of_o the_o same_o time_n balk_v the_o most_o of_o these_o passage_n yet_o excuse_v himself_o also_o for_o his_o study_a brevity_n he_o refer_v the_o reader_n to_o our_o author_n for_o full_a intelligence_n make_v mention_n of_o his_o story_n like_a as_o ordericus_n vitalis_n also_o do_v with_o great_a applause_n in_o these_o word_n â4â_n his_o per_fw-la anticipationem_fw-la breviter_fw-la intimatis_fw-la ad_fw-la finem_fw-la gestorum_fw-la willelmi_n regis_fw-la anglorum_fw-la &_o ducis_fw-la normannorum_fw-la de_fw-la quibus_fw-la fastidio_fw-la lectorum_fw-la compendiosè_fw-la consulentes_fw-la quaedam_fw-la persârinximus_fw-la veniamus_fw-la si_fw-mi quis_fw-la verò_fw-la plenius_fw-la illa_fw-la nosse_fw-la desiderat_fw-la librum_fw-la willelmi_n pictavensis_fw-la luxoviorum_fw-la archidiaconi_fw-la eadem_fw-la gesta_fw-la sicut_fw-la copiosè_fw-la ita_fw-la eloquenti_fw-la sermone_fw-la affatim_fw-la continentem_fw-la legate_n of_o who_o ordericus_n vitalis_n sin_n further_o thus_o ipse_fw-la siquidem_fw-la praedicti_fw-la regis_fw-la capellanus_fw-la longo_fw-la tempore_fw-la extitit_fw-la &_o ea_fw-la quae_fw-la oculis_fw-la suis_fw-la viderit_fw-la &_o quibus_fw-la interfuerit_fw-la longo_fw-la relatu_fw-la vel_fw-la copioso_fw-la indubitanter_fw-la enucleare_fw-la studuit_fw-la thus_o far_o then_o in_o way_n of_o refutation_n of_o spot_n story_n in_o gross_a or_o in_o the_o general_a a_o mere_a monkish_a sigment_n i_o conceive_v politic_o devise_v and_o with_o a_o design_n to_o bring_v a_o perpetual_a obligation_n on_o the_o kentish_a man_n to_o his_o own_o abbey_n as_o owe_v forsooth_o the_o continuance_n of_o their_o ancient_a liberty_n partly_o to_o a_o quondam_a abbot_n of_o the_o place_n even_o much_o such_o another_o as_o that_o of_o the_o devil_n attempt_v upon_o s._n pancras_n chapel_n to_o overturn_v it_o whereof_o in_o the_o antiquity_n of_o canterbury_n pag._n 61_o smell_v too_o much_o of_o the_o legend_n and_o invent_v doubtless_o for_o the_o great_a glory_n of_o the_o abbey_n now_o descend_v we_o to_o the_o result_n of_o the_o story_n and_o the_o inference_n upon_o that_o meeting_n make_v by_o spot_n and_o archiep._n his_o follower_n which_o in_o short_a be_v that_o hence_o or_o hereupon_o kent_n receive_v her_o pristine_a privilege_n instance_v some_o of_o they_o in_o gavelkynd_n for_o one_o and_o particular_o that_o hence_o as_o former_o kent_n participate_v in_o common_a with_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n in_o that_o point_n have_v no_o villein_n so_o by_o that_o mean_n from_o henceforth_o by_o a_o singular_a privilege_n above_o other_o county_n it_o never_o have_v any_o indeed_o which_o i_o note_v as_o adminicular_a to_o this_o assertion_n among_o the_o article_n by_o which_o the_o auditor_n of_o our_o cathedral_n be_v to_o take_v account_n of_o the_o bailive_n of_o that_o church_n manor_n out_o of_o kent_n record_v in_o a_o old_a lieger_n there_o these_o be_v some_o 1._o de_fw-fr censâriis_fw-la nativorum_fw-la quod_fw-la possint_fw-la exire_fw-la tenuram_fw-la domini_fw-la ad_fw-la laborandum_fw-la &_o operandum_fw-la extra_fw-la &_o statim_fw-la post_fw-la operaredire_fw-la 2._o de_fw-fr finibus_fw-la nativor_fw-la profiliabus_fw-la suis_fw-la maritandis_fw-la infra_fw-la tenuram_fw-la domini_fw-la 3._o de_fw-fr finibus_fw-la nativor_fw-la postmortem_fw-la patrum_fw-la suorum_fw-la quod_fw-la possint_fw-la habere_fw-la terras_fw-la quas_fw-la pâtres_fw-la habuerunt_fw-la tenendas_fw-la ad_fw-la voluntatem_fw-la domini_fw-la secundùm_fw-la consuetudinem_fw-la maneriârum_fw-la whereas_o in_o the_o like_a article_n for_o the_o manor_n in_o kent_n not_o one_o of_o these_o occur_v but_o as_o if_o improper_a for_o the_o manor_n of_o that_o county_n all_o be_v quite_o omit_v to_o the_o manifest_a confirmation_n of_o spot_n acquit_v kent_n of_o villein_n and_o villeinage_n true_o i_o confess_v nor_o can_v it_o be_v deny_v as_o to_o those_o day_n the_o time_n i_o mean_v when_o those_o article_n be_v set_v on_o foot_n which_o judge_v of_o their_o age_n by_o their_o character_n seem_v to_o be_v about_o edw._n 2._o day_n but_o that_o there_o be_v none_o at_o or_o after_o the_o conquest_n the_o point_n in_o issue_n be_v under_o favour_n a_o assertion_n little_o true_a if_o not_o full_o as_o false_a as_o that_o other_o of_o his_o concern_v the_o composition_n with_o the_o conqueror_n for_o proof_n whereof_o to_o say_v nothing_o of_o hubert_n the_o archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n kent_n in_o king_n john_n time_n his_o acquit_v both_o his_o own_o and_o the_o monk_n possession_n among_o other_o burden_n from_o that_o of_o hubert_n villeinage_n because_o possible_o this_o privilege_n may_v concern_v their_o possession_n elsewhere_o and_o not_o in_o kent_n i_o appeal_v to_o a_o writ_n of_o king_n edw._n 2._o anno_fw-la regni_fw-la svi_fw-la septimo_fw-la to_o the_o assessor_n of_o a_o ten_o and_o fifteen_o in_o the_o county_n of_o kent_n in_o the_o behalf_n of_o the_o abbot_n of_o spot_n own_o abbey_n st._n augustine_n and_o his_o villein_n whereof_o you_o may_v find_v a_o copy_n in_o the_o appendix_n here_o scripture_n 15._o follow_v with_o another_o of_o a_o very_a rare_a deed_n or_o charter_n of_o about_o h._n 3._o time_n take_v from_o a_o ancient_a manuscript_n chartulary_a of_o the_o very_a same_o abbey_n now_o remain_v with_o sir_n thomas_n cotton_n which_o i_o must_v confess_v to_o owe_v to_o the_o courâesâe_n of_o my_o late_a learned_a friend_n sir_n simonds_n d'ewes_n clear_o show_v villeinage_n to_o have_v obtain_v and_o take_v place_n in_o kent_n and_o even_o in_o our_o gavelkynd_n a_o tenant_n to_o that_o abbey_n of_o certain_a land_n in_o gavelkynd_n do_v homage_n to_o the_o abbot_n there_o for_o the_o same_o express_o as_o for_o villeinage_n and_o covenant_v to_o perform_v as_o much_o service_n to_o his_o lord_n as_o to_o the_o same_o villeinage_n appertein_v as_o by_o the_o deed_n which_o whether_o i_o shall_v more_o value_v for_o itself_o or_o for_o the_o hand_n sake_n that_o reach_v it_o to_o i_o be_v with_o i_o some_o question_n more_o full_o may_v appear_v scripture_n 16._o add_v hereunto_o that_o the_o law_n of_o hen._n 1._o cap._n 76._o make_v mention_n of_o villani_n in_o kent_n differentia_fw-la tamen_fw-la weregildi_n multa_fw-la est_fw-la in_o cantia_n villanorum_fw-la &_o baronum_fw-la so_o that_o chapter_n be_v conclude_v to_o ascend_v yet_o high_o in_o domesday-book_n and_o in_o the_o kentish_a survey_n there_o villani_n frequent_o occur_v by_o which_o if_o after_o the_o common_a opinion_n
place_n occurr_v feudum_n for_o example_n in_o the_o charter_n of_o witlaf_n the_o mercian_n king_n date_a anno_o 833._o we_o have_v it_o thus_o &_o xl_o acras_fw-la de_fw-la eodem_fw-la feodo_fw-la in_fw-la campo_fw-it de_fw-it deping_n the_o like_a in_o a_o charter_n of_o bertulph_n another_o mercian_n king_n also_o date_a anno_o 860._o and_o in_o some_o other_o of_o late_a date_n from_o succeed_a king_n we_o have_v de_fw-fr eodem_fw-la feodo_fw-la de_fw-la gerunthorpe_n and_o the_o like_a whereas_o it_o may_v very_o just_o be_v doubt_v whether_o either_o the_o law_n story_n or_o other_o either_o write_v or_o print_v monument_n of_o credit_n of_o any_o nation_n or_o country_n can_v show_v the_o word_n feodum_fw-la or_o feudum_n in_o use_n among_o they_o but_o in_o stead_n thereof_o beneficium_fw-la feudum_n elder_a brother_n or_o the_o like_a until_o about_o that_o age_n until_o i_o mean_v after_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o ten_o century_n from_o our_o saviour_n incarnation_n and_o hence_o give_v i_o leave_v with_o buchelius_n in_o his_o illustration_n upon_o heda_n history_n of_o the_o bishop_n of_o 116._o utrecht_n to_o suspect_v that_o list_n or_o memorial_n 111._o de_fw-fr vassis_fw-la sive_fw-la fide_fw-la addictis_fw-la ecclesiae_fw-la &_o episcopo_fw-la trajectensi_fw-la as_o there_o it_o stand_v entitle_v of_o heda_n ascribe_v to_o adelboldus_fw-la the_o 19_o bishop_n of_o that_o see_v who_o after_o he_o have_v sit_v 18_o year_n die_v in_o the_o year_n 1028._o as_o indeed_o a_o piece_n unadvised_o refer_v to_o that_o time_n and_o place_n and_o in_o all_o probability_n belong_v to_o some_o successor_n of_o he_o but_o be_v that_o as_o it_o will_v i_o see_v nothing_o however_o that_o may_v render_v we_o unsatisfied_a of_o the_o truth_n of_o their_o assertion_n who_o say_v that_o the_o conqueror_n bring_v or_o introduce_v first_o into_o this_o kingdom_n feudum_n feodum_fw-la or_o as_o in_o english_a fee_n take_v as_o it_o signify_v feudal_n service_n especial_o military_a praedium_fw-la militare_fw-la the_o sense_n in_o which_o as_o it_o regular_o occurr_n in_o the_o 51._o feudal_n book_n abroad_o so_o constant_o in_o domesday-book_n here_o at_o home_n for_o distinguish_v the_o land_n from_o other_o there_o say_v to_o be_v hold_v per_fw-la gablum_fw-la ad_fw-la âirmam_fw-la in_o alodio_n and_o other_o like_a tenor_n there_o occur_v the_o introducer_n borrow_v say_v one_o supra_fw-la of_o my_o author_n the_o term_n he_o may_v have_v add_v the_o custom_n from_o his_o own_o native_a country_n normandy_n which_o he_o conclude_v from_o a_o passage_n of_o himself_o there_o quote_v out_o of_o domesday-book_n thus_o speak_v in_o eodem_fw-la feudo_fw-la de_fw-la w._n comite_fw-la radulfo_n de_fw-fr limb_n '_o 50._o carucat_fw-la terrae_fw-la sicut_fw-la fit_a in_o normannia_n thus_o subjoyn_v feudum_n &_o nomanniam_fw-la jungit_fw-la ac_fw-la si_fw-la rei_fw-la novae_fw-la notitia_fw-la è_fw-la normannia_n disquirenda_fw-la esset_fw-la but_o with_o submission_n to_o better_a judgement_n i_o question_v whether_o those_o word_n sicut_fw-la sit_fw-la in_o normannia_n may_v not_o relate_v to_o carucatae_fw-la terrae_fw-la be_v a_o expression_n not_o use_v of_o 1089._o the_o saxon_n for_o a_o ploughland_n but_o aratrum_fw-la sulinga_fw-mi hida_n familia_fw-la mansio_fw-la mansa_fw-la manens_fw-la casata_fw-la and_o the_o like_a term_n of_o quantity_n rather_o than_o to_o feudum_n from_o which_o too_o it_o be_v further_o distance_v in_o the_o quotation_n than_o from_o the_o other_o but_o to_o let_v that_o pass_v to_o the_o conqueror_n it_o seem_v it_o be_v that_o the_o name_n and_o custom_n of_o our_o english_a fee_n or_o as_o we_o now_o vulgar_o call_v they_o 30._o tenor_n such_o at_o least_o as_o be_v military_a owe_v their_o introduction_n whatsoever_o the_o 16._o mirroir_n a_o book_n who_o antiquity_n be_v too_o much_o cry_v up_o of_o some_o have_v to_o the_o contrary_a as_o if_o in_o terminis_fw-la know_v here_o in_o england_n in_o king_n alfred_n day_n by_o who_o as_o the_o author_n there_o pretend_v iâ_n be_v ordain_v that_o knight_n fee_n shall_v descend_v and_o fall_v to_o the_o elder_a and_o socage_n among_o all_o the_o son_n whereas_o in_o very_a deed_n we_o know_v neither_o one_o nor_o tother_o in_o those_o day_n they_o with_o the_o rest_n since_o and_o at_o this_o day_n call_v fee-simple_n fee-tail_n fee-ferme_a frankfee_n as_o also_o grand_a and_o petite_fw-fr serjeanty_n escuage_z burgage_n villeinage_n and_o the_o rest_n in_o the_o book_n of_o tenor_n and_o elsewhere_o obvious_a be_v all_o of_o the_o norman_a plantation_n and_o we_o by_o they_o at_o least_o since_o their_o conquest_n of_o we_o bring_v acquaint_v with_o they_o not_o know_v what_o fee_n in_o that_o notion_n mean_v before_o nor_o be_v to_o this_o day_n agree_v among_o ourselves_o as_o neither_o be_v the_o feudist_n and_o other_o writer_n on_o that_o argument_n in_o other_o part_n upon_o the_o etymology_n and_o derivation_n either_o of_o that_o oâ_n the_o word_n whereunto_o it_o be_v oppose_v allodium_fw-la wherein_o indeed_o author_n of_o several_a sort_n lawyer_n i_o mean_v etymologiâts_n and_o antiquary_n so_o much_o differ_v and_o disagree_v as_o that_o the_o further_o we_o wade_v in_o the_o research_n of_o their_o opinion_n in_o that_o kind_n the_o more_o uncertain_a still_o we_o come_v off_o and_o the_o further_o we_o be_v from_o the_o end_n of_o our_o inquiry_n satisfaction_n however_o i_o will_v on_o this_o occasion_n adventure_n to_o offer_v my_o sense_n which_o if_o well_o consider_v may_v perhaps_o help_v to_o end_v the_o difference_n not_o to_o repeat_v that_o variety_n of_o other_o man_n opinion_n derive_v in_o the_o point_n of_o which_o some_o and_o those_o the_o most_o and_o with_o most_o general_a applause_n and_o acceptation_n fetch_v the_o former_a feudum_n from_o fides_n other_o from_o faida_o or_o feida_n bellum_fw-la a_o three_o from_o foedus_fw-la a_o four_o from_o the_o german_a fueden_n quaâi_fw-la a_o fungendo_fw-la i._o pascendo_fw-la or_o as_o 8._o gryphiander_n have_v it_o from_o the_o saxon_a foden_n i._n e._n nutrire_fw-la to_o let_v these_o derivation_n all_o pass_n without_o any_o further_a repetition_n as_o obvious_a enough_o in_o the_o write_n of_o the_o feudist_n and_o elsewhere_o especial_o with_o some_o addition_n of_o his_o own_o in_o martinius_n lexicon_n philologicum_fw-la as_o likewise_o not_o to_o repeat_v the_o like_a variety_n among_o they_o as_o obvious_a as_o the_o other_o concern_v the_o latter_a allodium_fw-la which_o some_o will_v have_v to_o be_v a_o derivative_a allodium_fw-la from_o à _fw-la the_o privative_a particle_n and_o laudium_fw-la or_o laudatio_fw-la as_o a_o possession_n acknowledge_v no_o author_n no_o lord_n of_o the_o soil_n but_o god_n alone_o other_o from_o that_o privative_a particle_n and_o load_v quasi_fw-la sine_fw-la lode_n that_o be_v âine_z vassallo_o as_o a_o mad_a man_n be_v call_v aman_n to_o say_v âine_z ment_fw-la as_o who_o possessor_n be_v no_o vassal_n while_o a_o three_o sort_n fetch_v it_o from_o alsleud_n as_o we_o shall_v say_v possessions_z common_a i._n e._n such_o as_o may_v free_o be_v give_v or_o sell_v to_o all_o or_o any_o of_o the_o people_n the_o many_o like_v in_o this_o say_v some_o to_o what_o of_o old_a we_o here_o in_o england_n call_v folcland_n by_o which_o but_o how_o proper_o since_o folcland_n be_v parallel_v with_o what_o since_o we_o call_v 603._o copy_n hold_v may_v well_o be_v doubt_v they_o be_v find_v to_o illustrate_v it_o contrary_a to_o a_o four_o derivation_n of_o other_o who_o hold_v it_o inseparable_a from_o the_o family_n and_o thence_o of_o the_o german_n call_v ein_fw-mi anlod_n a_o five_o sort_n there_o be_v that_o draw_v it_o from_o the_o foresay_a privative_a particle_n à _fw-fr and_o leod_a in_o french_a lâud_n a_o vassal_n as_o it_o be_v without_o vassalage_n or_o without_o burden_n which_o we_o english_a man_n say_v my_o author_n right_o at_o this_o day_n call_v load_v not_o further_o i_o say_v to_o trouble_v the_o reader_n with_o either_o any_o long_a repeâition_n of_o these_o and_o the_o like_a for_o there_o be_v some_o other_o various_a opinion_n of_o this_o kind_n or_o any_o catalogue_n of_o the_o several_a author_n of_o they_o i_o will_v as_o i_o promise_v offer_v my_o conjecture_n at_o each_o word_n etymology_n with_o submission_n of_o it_o to_o better_a judgement_n in_o short_a then_o i_o say_v that_o each_o of_o the_o two_o word_n in_o its_o original_n which_o be_v german_a be_v a_o compound_n consist_v of_o two_o syllable_n of_o which_o two_o the_o latter_a to_o begin_v with_o that_o i_o conceive_v to_o be_v the_o same_o in_o both_o and_o be_v no_o other_o than_o what_o be_v borrow_v towards_o the_o composition_n of_o many_o several_a word_n of_o the_o same_o original_n use_v and_o continue_v both_o in_o those_o especial_o the_o teutonic_n part_n and_o also_o here_o in_o this_o island_n from_o the_o time_n of_o the_o saxon_n settle_v here_o down_o unto_o this_o day_n
be_v turn_v haereditas_fw-la si_fw-la quis_fw-la tainus_n in_fw-la haereditate_fw-la sua_fw-la terram_fw-la it_o shall_v be_v ecclesiam_fw-la habeat_fw-la etc._n etc._n in_o another_o like_o old_a version_n in_o the_o book_n of_o rochester_n call_v textus_fw-la roffensis_fw-la be_v render_v allodium_fw-la si_fw-la liberalis_fw-la homo_fw-la quem_fw-la angli_fw-la thegen_n vocant_fw-la habet_fw-la in_o alodio_n svo_fw-la ecclesiam_fw-la etc._n etc._n by_o allodium_fw-la also_o be_v turn_v in_o the_o same_o record_n textus_fw-la roffensis_fw-la what_o occurr_n in_o the_o saxon_a fragment_n exhibit_v by_o mr._n lambard_n perambulat_fw-la in_o mepham_n pag._n 500_o under_o the_o term_n of_o ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d et_fw-la si_fw-la villanus_fw-la ita_fw-la crevisset_fw-la sua_fw-la probitate_fw-la quod_fw-la pleniter_fw-la haberet_fw-la quinque_fw-la hidas_fw-la de_fw-la svo_fw-la proprio_fw-la alodio_n etc._n etc._n allodium_fw-la it_o seem_v thence_o be_v proper_o such_o land_n as_o be_v full_o a_o man_n own_o short_o then_o feudum_n fee_fw-mi or_o land_n hold_v in_o fee_n be_v no_o more_o consider_v in_o its_o first_o and_o primary_n acception_n to_o which_o they_o must_v have_v regard_n that_o will_v hope_v to_o judge_v aright_o of_o the_o ground_n for_o the_o first_o imposition_n of_o the_o name_n than_o what_o be_v hold_v in_o fee-hode_a by_o contraction_n feud_n or_o feod_n i._n e_o in_o a_o stipendiary_a conditional_a mercenary_a mediate_a way_n and_o nature_n and_o with_o the_o acknowledgement_n of_o a_o superior_a lord_n and_o a_o condition_n of_o return_v he_o some_o service_n for_o it_o upon_o the_o withdraw_a whereof_o the_o land_n be_v revertible_a unto_o the_o lord_n in_o which_o respect_n as_o the_o grant_v thereof_o be_v improper_o call_v a_o donation_n be_v but_o 4._o feodalis_fw-la dimissio_fw-la i._n e._n a_o demise_n in_o fee_n so_o the_o deed_n or_o conveyance_n by_o which_o it_o be_v demise_v be_v as_o improper_o term_v a_o charter_n of_o donation_n be_v no_o more_o than_o a_o charter_n or_o deed_n of_o feoffment_n such_o i_o say_v be_v feudum_fw-la allodium_fw-la be_v contrariwise_o what_o be_v hold_v in_o all-hode_a in_o totality_n in_o a_o total_a full_a absolute_a immediate_a manner_n and_o condition_n without_o acknowledgement_n of_o any_o superior_a lord_n and_o free_a from_o any_o tie_n or_o compact_n for_o the_o return_v any_o service_n at_o all_o for_o it_o unto_o any_o thus_o far_o and_o i_o hope_v not_o too_o far_o nor_o impertinent_o for_o clear_n the_o etymon_n of_o feudum_n and_o allodium_fw-la as_o the_o argument_n so_o the_o torture_n of_o many_o learned_a pen_n among_o who_o derivation_n of_o one_o and_o tother_o i_o humble_o crave_v this_o of_o i_o such_o as_o it_o be_v may_v be_v admit_v for_o future_a indagatour_n and_o all_o other_o of_o unforestalled_a judgement_n free_o to_o consider_v of_o and_o now_o to_o spin_v on_o our_o former_a thread_n and_o to_o reassume_v our_o argument_n of_o the_o introduction_n of_o our_o fee_n or_o tenor_n by_o the_o conqueror_n which_o that_o etymon_n come_v in_o the_o way_n cause_v i_o a_o while_n to_o set_v aside_o i_o here_o profess_v to_o concur_v with_o they_o who_o upon_o the_o question_n put_v resolve_v it_o in_o the_o affirmative_a whereof_o our_o learned_a feudum_fw-la glossarist_n for_o one_o thus_o feodorum_fw-la servitutes_fw-la in_o britanniam_fw-la nostram_fw-la primus_fw-la invexit_fw-la gulielmus_fw-la senior_fw-la conquestor_fw-la nuncupatus_fw-la etc._n etc._n and_o a_o little_a after_o deinceps_fw-la vero_fw-la resonarunt_fw-la omne_fw-la feodorum_fw-la gravaminibus_fw-la saxonum_n aeuâ_n ne_fw-la auditis_fw-la quidem_fw-la no_o other_o tenor_n or_o in_o the_o scottish_a expression_n haldings_n of_o land_n be_v former_o here_o in_o use_n but_o these_o two_o bocland_n and_o folcland_n the_o one_o say_v my_o sâripto_o author_n a_o possession_n by_o writing_n the_o other_o without_o that_o by_o write_v so_o he_o add_v be_v a_o freehold_n and_o by_o charter_n hereditary_a with_o all_o immunity_n and_o for_o the_o free_a and_o noble_a sort_n that_o without_o writing_n be_v to_o hold_v at_o the_o will_n of_o the_o lord_n bind_v to_o rent_n and_o service_n and_o be_v for_o the_o rural_a people_n it_o may_v be_v add_v that_o the_o former_a take_v name_n from_o the_o land_n book_v or_o enter_v with_o the_o limit_n of_o it_o in_o a_o codicil_n as_o then_o call_v a_o little_a book_n or_o as_o we_o since_o call_v it_o a_o charter_n which_o if_o the_o land_n be_v give_v to_o a_o layman_n be_v in_o way_n of_o seize_v deliver_v to_o the_o party_n that_o be_v to_o have_v the_o land_n hence_o haply_o that_o ceremony_n we_o retain_v of_o deliver_v a_o conveyance_n as_o the_o party_n act_n and_o deed_n or_o if_o to_o a_o monastery_n lay_v and_o leave_v most_o common_o upon_o the_o altar_n ego_fw-la autem_fw-la licentiâ_fw-la &_o consensu_fw-la illius_fw-la testimonioque_fw-la episcoporum_fw-la &_o optimatum_fw-la suorum_fw-la omnes_fw-la terras_fw-la meas_fw-la &_o libros_fw-la terrarum_fw-la propria_fw-la manu_fw-la mea_fw-la posui_fw-la super_fw-la altar_n christi_fw-la in_o dorobernia_n etc._n etc._n as_o it_o be_v in_o the_o close_a of_o a_o ecclesiae_fw-la memorial_n of_o the_o gift_n of_o monkton_n and_o other_o manor_n to_o the_o church_n of_o canterbury_n in_o the_o year_n 961_o by_o queen_n edive_n or_o edith_n who_o picture_n in_o thankful_a remembrance_n be_v until_o of_o late_o reserve_v in_o that_o church_n treasury_n hence_o be_v such_o a_o charter_n vulgar_o know_v in_o those_o time_n by_o the_o name_n of_o glossary_a a_o landboc_n in_o the_o latin_a of_o the_o time_n telligraphum_fw-la sometime_o codicillus_fw-la and_o the_o like_a observe_v yet_o further_o terram_fw-la haereditario_fw-la jure_fw-la conscribere_fw-la &_o liberam_fw-la proclamare_fw-la the_o latin_a phrase_n for_o create_v bocland_n be_v a_o prerogative_n royal_a or_o a_o royalty_n and_o out_o of_o the_o power_n of_o any_o subject_a whence_o that_o passage_n often_o occur_v in_o subject_n grant_v of_o land_n in_o perpetuity_n to_o the_o forename_a cathedral_n and_o other_o place_n viz._n and_o such_o a_o one_o king_n ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d i._n e._n haereditario_fw-la jure_fw-la conscripsit_fw-la 854._o as_o also_o that_o liberam_fw-la omninò_fw-la proclamavit_fw-la and_o such_o like_a king_n ethelreds_n privilege_n as_o call_v confirm_v to_o that_o cathedral_n among_o other_o thing_n their_o whole_a possession_n be_v hence_o by_o 507._o one_o of_o the_o subscribent_n call_v ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d but_o notwithstanding_o this_o enfranchisement_n the_o land_n be_v very_o seldom_o alienate_v by_o the_o possessor_n in_o frankalmoigne_n without_o what_o the_o law_n of_o 32._o mortmain_n afterward_o require_v a_o concurrent_a or_o at_o least_o a_o subsequent_a confirmation_n from_o the_o king_n whereof_o example_n be_v obvious_a in_o the_o list_n of_o that_o church_n land_n and_o benefactor_n publish_v in_o the_o antiquity_n of_o canterbury_n pag._n 210._o as_o also_o of_o the_o concurrence_n of_o the_o magnate_v or_o noble_n in_o such_o bocland-grants_a principal_o in_o that_o of_o malling_n you_o shall_v have_v the_o very_a word_n because_o remarkable_a anno_fw-la domini_fw-la dcccxxxviij_o ecgbertus_fw-la &_o athelwlfus_fw-la rex_fw-la filius_fw-la ejus_fw-la dederunt_fw-la ecclesiae_fw-la christi_fw-la in_o dorobernia_n malling_n in_o suthsexan_n quod_fw-la viz._n manerium_fw-la prius_fw-la eidem_fw-la ecclesiae_fw-la dedit_fw-la baldredus_fw-la rex_fw-la sed_fw-la quia_fw-la mark_v this_o non_fw-la fuit_fw-la de_fw-fr consensu_fw-la magnatum_fw-la regni_fw-la donum_fw-la id_fw-la non_fw-la potuit_fw-la valere_fw-la et_fw-la ideo_fw-la etc._n etc._n bocland_n thus_o flow_v original_o from_o the_o crown_n upon_o all_o forfeicture_n and_o particular_o that_o of_o the_o estate_n of_o the_o possessor_n for_o desert_v the_o war_n as_o if_o there_o be_v no_o mean_a between_o the_o king_n and_o he_o the_o king_n alone_o be_v to_o take_v the_o 75._o forfeict_n but_o of_o bocland_n more_o anon_o some_o other_o kind_n of_o land_n it_o be_v true_a there_o be_v in_o those_o day_n but_o all_o i_o take_v it_o reducible_a to_o the_o precedent_a diehotomy_n such_o as_o 1_o gafolland_n ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d gafolland_n as_o it_o be_v in_o the_o truce_n or_o agreement_n between_o alfred_n and_o guthrun_n kk_n in_o the_o archaion_n inland_a cap._n 2._o 2_o neatland_n 3_o inland_n ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d so_o run_v the_o first_o chapter_n of_o king_n edgar_n law_n there_o 4_o utland_n ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d utland_n as_o we_o have_v it_o in_o the_o will_n of_o byrhtric_n in_o our_o kentish_a perambulation_n pag._n 495._o of_o which_o four_o the_o two_o former_a i_o conceive_v be_v but_o the_o same_o with_o folcland_n both_o one_o and_o tother_o import_v land_n let_v or_o demise_v as_o folâland_n be_v to_o rural_a people_n more_o emphitâutico_n for_o profit_n the_o one_o from_o gable_n or_o gafol_n i._o â_o cen_n or_o rent_n be_v term_v gafolland_n the_o other_o call_v neatland_n either_o from_o ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d to_o improve_v fructify_v whence_o ãâã_d
ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d for_o a_o foenerator_n a_o usurer_n ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d profit_n ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d profitable_a ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d unprofitable_a unthrifty_a or_o else_o which_o i_o rather_o think_v from_o ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d villanus_fw-la colonus_n as_o the_o old_a version_n of_o the_o 19_o &_o 21th_o of_o k._n ina_n law_n render_v the_o word_n which_o come_v all_o to_o one_o with_o ceorliscus_n speak_v of_o in_o that_o second_o chapter_n of_o the_o foedus_fw-la aluredi_fw-la &_o guthruni_fw-la regum_fw-la and_o there_o describe_v by_o his_o quality_n to_o be_v oâe_o that_o occupy_v etc._n gafolland_n as_o for_o the_o remain_v two_o inland_a utland_n the_o former_a be_v terra_fw-la dominicalis_fw-la land_n hold_v in_o demesne_n in_o the_o owner_n own_o hand_n and_o for_o the_o most_o part_n design_v in_o mensam_fw-la domini_fw-la whence_o otherwise_o stilâd_n in_o succeed_a time_n bord-land_n like_o the_o civilian_n and_o canonist_n bona_fw-la ad_fw-la mensâm_fw-la and_o in_o this_o respect_n may_v not_o unfit_o be_v refer_v to_o bocland_n regular_o of_o like_a property_n the_o latter_a contrariwise_o like_o gafolland_n and_o neatland_n be_v land_n let_v out_o and_o in_o opposition_n to_o demesne_n land_n term_v in_o servitio_fw-la or_o tenementâlis_n that_o be_v grant_v out_o in_o service_n by_o the_o lord_n to_o his_o tenant_n to_o be_v hold_v of_o himself_o and_o so_o we_o may_v parallel_v it_o as_o with_o gafolland_n and_o neatland_n so_o with_o folcland_n be_v of_o the_o same_o nature_n like_o the_o frenchman_n fief_a sârvant_n i._o terra_fw-la serviens_fw-la in_o respect_n whereof_o the_o tenant_n be_v bind_v to_o be_v retainer_n attendant_n and_o follower_n to_o their_o lord_n suitor_n to_o their_o court_n and_o be_v thence_o call_v in_o the_o term_n of_o hen._n 1._o law_n take_v up_o afterward_o of_o 10._o bracton_n folgarii_n concern_v which_o see_v further_a in_o sir_n hen._n spelman_n glossary_a verb._n folgare_a &_o folgarii_n as_o also_o in_o the_o law_n of_o king_n knute_n par_fw-fr 2._o cap._n 19_o beside_o these_o sort_n of_o land_n after_o age_n since_o the_o conquest_n produce_v many_o other_o such_o as_o work-land_n cot-land_n aver-land_n drof-land_n swilling-land_n molland_n ber-land_n smiths-land_n beware_v land_n terra_fw-la susanna_n forland_n bord-land_n and_o such_o like_a of_o each_o of_o which_o for_o some_o satisfaction_n to_o the_o inquisitive_a in_o a_o word_n or_o two_o the_o first_o work-land_n be_v land_n of_o a_o servile_a nature_n and_o work-land_n condition_n terra_fw-la servilis_fw-la as_o i_o find_v it_o call_v as_o also_o what_o indeed_o the_o word_n sound_v terra_fw-la operaria_fw-la because_o haply_o at_o the_o creation_n of_o the_o manor_n and_o distribution_n of_o it_o into_o parcel_n charge_v with_o servile_a work_n such_o as_o plough_v and_o harrow_n the_o lord_n aâable_a ground_n mow_v tass_v and_o carry_v in_o his_o hay_n sow_v weed_n reap_v and_o in_v his_o corn_n make_v and_o mend_v his_o fence_n thatch_v his_o barn_n and_o such_o like_a charge_v i_o say_v with_o servile_a work_n and_o not_o with_o cens_n or_o rent_n or_o if_o also_o with_o rent_n yet_o of_o the_o twain_o more_o especial_o with_o work_n and_o therefore_o contradistinct_a and_o opposite_a to_o gavelland_n which_o be_v land_n liable_a to_o cens_n or_o rent_n or_o if_o also_o to_o work_n yet_o chief_o to_o rend_v both_o one_o and_o tother_o be_v denominate_v from_o what_o be_v the_o more_o eminent_a service_n arise_v from_o they_o hereof_o some_o footstep_n visible_a in_o the_o 66._o of_o king_n ina_n law_n the_o second_o cot-land_n that_o belong_v unto_o and_o occupy_v cot-land_n by_o the_o cotarii_fw-la cotsetâ_n or_o cotmanni_n a_o sort_n of_o base_a tenant_n so_o call_v from_o certain_a cotes_n or_o cottage_n small_a shed_n like_o sheep-cote_n with_o some_o little_a modicum_n or_o parcel_n of_o land_n adjoin_v original_o assign_v out_o unto_o they_o in_o respect_n and_o recompense_v of_o their_o undergo_n such_o like_a servile_a work_n or_o base_a service_n for_o their_o lord_n as_o before_z express_v the_o three_o aver-land_n much_o the_o same_o with_o that_o land_n before_o call_v work-land_n come_v of_o the_o french_a ouurer_n to_o work_v or_o labour_n but_o chief_o differ_v from_o that_o in_o this_o particular_a that_o the_o service_n thereof_o consist_v especial_o in_o carriage_n as_o of_o the_o lord_n corn_n into_o the_o barn_n to_o market_n fair_n and_o elsewhere_o or_o of_o his_o domestic_a utensil_n or_o houshold-provision_n from_o one_o place_n to_o another_o which_o service_n be_v of_o diverse_a kind_n sometime_o by_o horse_n thence_o call_v horse-average_a otherwhile_o by_o foot_n horse-average_a thence_o term_v foot-average_a one_o while_o within_o the_o precinct_n foot-average_a of_o the_o manor_n thence_o name_v in-average_a another_o in-average_a while_n without_o and_o then_o call_v out-average_a the_o out-aveâagâ_a tenant_n in_o the_o mean_a while_n be_v know_v by_o the_o name_n of_o avermannus_n the_o four_o drof-land_n that_o hold_v by_o the_o service_n drof-land_n of_o drive_v as_o well_o of_o distress_n take_v for_o the_o lord_n use_v as_o of_o the_o lord_n cattle_n from_o place_n to_o place_n as_o to_z and_o from_o market_n fair_n and_o the_o like_a more_o particular_o here_o in_o kent_n of_o drive_v the_o lord_n hog_n or_o swine_n to_o and_o from_o the_o weald_n of_o kent_n and_o the_o denn_n there_o thence_o call_v of_o old_a drofden_n namely_o from_o the_o drove_n of_o hog_n drofdens_fw-la send_v thither_o and_o there_o feed_v and_o fat_v with_o mast_n or_o pawnage_n the_o driver_n whereof_o be_v vulgar_o call_v drofmannâu_n the_o five_o swilling-land_n that_o let_v out_o or_o occupy_v swilling-land_n by_o swilling_n swollings_n or_o sulling_n that_o be_v plough-land_n come_v of_o the_o saxon_a ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d a_o plough_n in_o which_o notion_n the_o word_n may_v extend_v to_o all_o arable_a land_n the_o quantity_n whereof_o be_v various_a and_o uncertain_a contain_v more_o or_o less_o according_a to_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o land_n a_o plough_n be_v able_a to_o master_v a_o great_a or_o lesser_a quantity_n thereafter_o as_o it_o be_v in_o quality_n this_o of_o swilling_n i_o find_v to_o be_v a_o word_n proper_a to_o the_o kentish_a even_o from_o the_o conqueror_n time_n to_o look_v no_o high_a who_o survey_n common_o call_v domesday-book_n show_v sul_v and_o the_o like_a to_o have_v be_v a_o term_n in_o those_o day_n peculiar_a to_o this_o county_n whereby_o to_o express_v the_o quantity_n of_o their_o land_n while_o hide_v and_o the_o like_a be_v of_o like_a use_n elsewhere_o to_o this_o head_n may_v be_v refer_v hide-land_n rodland_n yokeland_n akerland_n rodland_n and_o the_o like_a be_v quantity_n or_o portion_n of_o land_n let_v out_o and_o occupy_v by_o the_o hide_n yoke_n acre_n rod_n etc._n etc._n and_o denominate_v according_o the_o six_o mol-land_n be_v the_o same_o with_o upland_n mol-land_n of_o the_o saxon_n call_v dunland_n stand_v in_o opposition_n to_o meadow-land_n mershland_n or_o low-land_n the_o tenant_n whereof_o be_v wont_n to_o be_v call_v molmannus_n the_o word_n as_o i_o conceive_v be_v derivable_a from_o the_o latin_a mole_n a_o heap_n of_o which_o see_v further_a in_o the_o surveyor_n dialogue_n hence_o probable_o the_o name_n of_o that_o place_n in_o ash_n the_o seat_n and_o patrimony_n aâ_n this_o day_n and_o from_o good_a antiquity_n of_o the_o harflet_n former_o of_o the_o septvans_n family_n both_o in_o their_o time_n adorn_v with_o knighthood_n call_v molland_n be_v of_o a_o advantageous_a situation_n for_o the_o overlooking_a of_o a_o large_a level_n of_o a_o rich_a mershland_n the_o seven_o ber-land_n that_o which_o be_v hold_v by_o the_o ber-land_n service_n of_o bear_v or_o carry_v the_o lord_n or_o his_o steward_n provision_n of_o victual_n or_o the_o like_a in_o their_o remove_n from_o place_n to_o place_n such_o tenant_n be_v thence_o call_v âermânnus_fw-la the_o eight_o smiths-land_n that_o in_o respect_n whereof_o smiths-land_n the_o tenant_n be_v bind_v as_o to_o undergo_v the_o smith_n or_o farrier_n office_n and_o work_n in_o and_o about_o shoe_v his_o lord_n horse_n and_o carriage_n so_o also_o to_o find_v and_o furnish_v he_o with_o material_n of_o iron_n for_o that_o purpose_n the_o nine_o wareland_n the_o same_o that_o otherwise_o wareland_n call_v in_o the_o latin_a of_o the_o time_n terra_fw-la warectata_fw-la or_o terrajacens_n ad_fw-la warectam_fw-la that_o be_v land_n lie_v or_o suffer_v to_o lie_v âallow_a come_v from_o the_o french_a garé_n their_o g_o hear_v as_o in_o many_o other_o word_n be_v turn_v into_o our_o w_n whence_o with_o they_o terre_n garée_v for_o old_a fallow-ground_n the_o ten_o terra_fw-la susanna_n land_n not_o much_o unlike_a terra-susanna_a unto_o if_o not_o the_o same_o with_o the_o former_a be_v superannuated_a land_n or_o land_n with_o over_o much_o tillage_n
find_v that_o socage-service_n be_v not_o so_o to_o be_v restrain_v it_o be_v ordinary_a with_o tenant_n in_o socage_n to_o do_v service_n extra_fw-la or_o foris_fw-la socam_fw-la as_o to_o ride_v with_o their_o lord_n from_o manor_n to_o manor_n like_o the_o rodknight_n in_o b._n bracton_n to_o carry_v and_o pay_v rend_v to_o the_o lord_n and_o to_o deliver_v he_o corn_n and_o other_o provision_n at_o his_o granary_n or_o elsewhere_o out_o of_o the_o tenant_n proper_a soak_v and_o the_o like_a in_o which_o respect_n also_o with_o what_o incongruity_n be_v pure_a villein_n call_v sokeman_n since_o they_o be_v so_o far_o from_o be_v tie_v to_o the_o soak_v that_o they_o may_v be_v command_v out_o and_o employ_v abroad_o wheresoever_o the_o lord_n shall_v please_v as_o well_o without_o as_o within_o the_o soak_v change_a therefore_o my_o opinion_n as_o to_o that_o derivation_n and_o look_v further_o back_o to_o that_o other_o the_o former_a sense_n of_o soak_v a_o liberty_n privilege_n immunity_n franchise_n etc._n etc._n i_o resolve_v final_o to_o derive_v and_o fetch_v it_o thence_o and_o thus_o i_o make_v it_o good_a among_o other_o sort_n of_o land_n our_o book_n be_v full_a of_o that_o call_v terra_fw-la servilis_fw-la villein-land_n land_n hold_v in_o villeinage_n servile_a land_n such_o namely_o for_o full_a explanation_n of_o it_o as_o that_o hold_v at_o the_o lord_n will_v both_o for_o time_n and_o service_n in_o both_o respect_n uncertain_o for_o time_n it_o be_v in_o the_o lord_n power_n of_o old_a b._n at_o least_o it_o be_v so_o tempestiuè_fw-la or_o intempestiuè_fw-la to_o revoke_v and_o resume_v the_o same_o out_o of_o the_o villein_n hand_n into_o his_o own_o and_o for_o service_n the_o tenant_n be_v altogether_o ignorant_a and_o not_o know_v over_o night_n what_o service_n may_v be_v require_v of_o he_o the_o next_o morning_n he_o may_v also_o have_v great_a or_o lesser_a taxation_n lay_v upon_o he_o at_o his_o lord_n will_v nor_o may_v he_o marry_v his_o daughter_n without_o a_o fine_a to_o his_o lord_n for_o his_o leave_n and_o licence_n &_o ita_fw-la semper_fw-la tenebitur_fw-la ad_fw-la incerta_fw-la say_v my_o author_n now_o to_o defend_v land_n against_o the_o lord_n from_o villeinage_n and_o to_o come_v off_o acquit_v of_o this_o servitude_n and_o servile_a condition_n it_o be_v and_o be_v necessary_a of_o the_o tenant_n part_v to_o show_v a_o tenure_n of_o his_o land_n by_o opposite_a and_o contrary_a service_n to_o those_o in_o villeinage_n that_o be_v per_fw-la certa_fw-la servitia_fw-la by_o certain_a express_a definite_a service_n and_o as_o otherwise_o it_o may_v be_v conclude_v that_o his_o tenure_n be_v villeinage_n so_o hereby_o if_o the_o service_n be_v not_o regal_a or_o military_a it_o be_v as_o clear_o socage_n for_o that_o certa_fw-la servitia_fw-la be_v a_o supersedeas_fw-la to_o villeinage_n and_o do_v make_v it_o to_o become_v socage_n proof_n be_v obvious_a to_o this_o purpose_n consult_v we_o bracton_n lib._n 2._o cap._n 16._o num_fw-la 9_o as_o also_o âod_a cap._n num_fw-la 6._o where_o he_o be_v express_v for_o the_o tenant_n acquital_n from_o all_o other_o service_n some_o be_v express_v in_o the_o charter_n make_v he_o by_o his_o lord_n than_o what_o be_v specify_v therein_o alia_fw-la omne_fw-la servitia_fw-la &_o consuetudines_fw-la quae_fw-la expressa_fw-la non_fw-la sunt_fw-la tacitè_fw-fr videntur_fw-la esse_fw-la remissa_fw-la and_o satis_fw-la acquietat_fw-la ex_fw-la quo_fw-la specialiter_fw-la non_fw-la onerat_fw-la see_v he_o again_o cod_n lib._n cap._n 36._o num_fw-la 8._o at_o these_o word_n cum_fw-la teneatur_fw-la sockmannus_n defendere_fw-la tenementum_fw-la sâum_fw-la erga_fw-la dominum_fw-la suum_fw-la per_fw-la cerium_fw-la redditum_fw-la in_o pecunia_fw-la numerata_fw-la vel_fw-la per_fw-la quid_fw-la tale_n quod_fw-la tantundem_fw-la valeat_fw-la quae_fw-la consistunt_fw-la in_o pondere_fw-la numero_fw-la vel_fw-la mensura_fw-la in_fw-la solido_fw-la vel_fw-la in_o liquido_fw-la sicut_fw-la frumento_fw-la vino_fw-la oleo_fw-la secundùm_fw-la quod_fw-la redditus_fw-la diversimode_fw-fr accipiuntur_fw-la etc._n etc._n have_v recourse_n also_o to_o the_o same_o author_n lib._n 4._o tract_n 1_o cap._n 23._o num_fw-la 5._o at_o these_o word_n dum_fw-la tamen_fw-la servitia_fw-la certa_fw-la sunt_fw-la si_fw-la autem_fw-la incerta_fw-la fuerint_fw-la qualecunque_fw-la fuerit_fw-la tenementum_fw-la tunc_fw-la erit_fw-la villenagium_fw-la etc._n etc._n add_v as_o agreeable_a hereunto_o that_o of_o sir_n edw._n coke_n in_o his_o commentary_n upon_o littleton_n sect._n 120._o to_o tenure_n in_o socage_n say_v he_o cârta_fw-la servitia_fw-la do_v ever_o belong_v hence_o it_o be_v that_o the_o author_n of_o the_o term_n of_o law_n expound_v socage_n or_o tenure_n in_o socage_n much_o after_o the_o same_o manner_n with_o bracton_n ubi_fw-la supra_fw-la to_o wit_n lib._n 2._o cap._n 1â_n num_fw-la 9_o say_v that_o to_o hold_v in_o socage_n be_v to_o hold_v of_o any_o lord_n land_n or_o tenement_n yield_v to_o he_o a_o certain_a rent_n by_o the_o year_n for_o all_o manner_n of_o service_n you_o see_v it_o prove_v then_o that_o certa_fw-la servitia_fw-la certain_a service_n so_o they_o be_v not_o military_a make_v a_o socage_n tenure_n the_o ground_n whereof_o be_v obvious_a viz._n that_o by_o such_o tenure_n per_n cert_v servitia_fw-la the_o tenant_n have_v a_o soak_v a_o privilege_n a_o immunity_n a_o quietus_n est_fw-la as_o from_o villeinage_n in_o general_n so_o from_o all_o villain_n military_a or_o other_o service_n than_o those_o by_o contract_n or_o custom_n 184._o charge_v upon_o he_o a_o soak_v i_o say_v whereunto_o âgium_fw-la be_v add_v signify_v the_o service_n or_o duty_n to_o be_v return_v for_o that_o privilege_n it_o come_v forth_o socagium_fw-la in_o latin_a socage_n in_o english_a as_o by_o put_v man_n to_o soak_v the_o tenant_n be_v signify_v and_o call_v sokeman_n but_o if_o soak_v here_o carry_v with_o it_o such_o a_o objection_n sense_n of_o immunity_n discharge_v privilege_n etc._n etc._n how_o come_v it_o then_o to_o pass_v may_n some_o perchance_o demand_v that_o liberum_fw-la be_v often_o find_v to_o accompany_v socagium_fw-la as_o libre_fw-la also_o do_v socmannus_fw-la for_o answer_v i_o conceive_v to_o solution_n distinguish_v free_a socage_n from_o base_a not_o but_o that_o base_a socage_n have_v its_o privilege_n as_o well_o as_o the_o other_o as_o be_v hold_v by_o service_n set_v and_o certain_a or_o determinate_a but_o in_o regard_n those_o service_n regular_o consist_v in_o servile_a work_n incident_a to_o villeinage_n the_o tenure_n get_v the_o name_n of_o villanum_fw-la socagium_fw-la to_o distinguish_v it_o from_o liberum_fw-la socagium_fw-la acquit_v of_o those_o servile_a work_n and_o consist_v quitrent_n in_o denariis_fw-la from_o hence_o also_o such_o a_o soak_v such_o a_o privilege_n it_o be_v that_o the_o villanum_fw-la socagium_fw-la in_o the_o king_n demesne_n be_v turn_v of_o 8._o bracton_n and_o other_o by_o villenagium_fw-la privilegiatum_fw-la by_o the_o way_n hence_o judge_v whether_o i_o be_o not_o right_a in_o my_o derivation_n of_o socage_n from_o soc_n soak_v etc._n etc._n a_o privilege_n etc._n etc._n when_o here_o you_o see_v villanum_fw-la socagium_fw-la of_o bracton_n and_o other_o render_v by_o villenagium_fw-la privilegiatum_fw-la i._n e._n privilege_a villeinage_n it_o be_v time_n now_o that_o we_o inquire_v how_o this_o derivation_n will_v suit_v with_o those_o before_o remember_v tenor_n by_o divine_a service_n in_o frankalmoigne_n fee-ferme_a petite_fw-fr sergeanty_n escuage_z certain_z burgage_n and_o the_o like_a whereto_o i_o answer_v very_o well_o for_o as_o they_o be_v all_o through_o a_o tacit_a discharge_v from_o corporal_a service_n in_o warfare_n excuse_v from_o military_a fee_n or_o tenure_n so_o on_o the_o other_o side_n by_o reason_n of_o a_o express_a tenure_n per_fw-la certa_fw-la servitia_fw-la or_o per_fw-la certum_fw-la redditum_fw-la common_a to_o they_o all_o but_o frankalmoigne_n they_o be_v render_v quit_v and_o free_a of_o villeinage_n and_o consequent_o become_v of_o socage_n tenure_n as_o for_o frankalmoigne_n as_o it_o may_v challenge_v a_o interest_n in_o the_o composition_n of_o socage_n from_o soc_n or_o soak_v and_o agium_fw-la to_o wit_n in_o the_o former_a syllable_n so_o on_o the_o contrary_a side_n have_v it_o as_o little_a to_o do_v with_o the_o latter_a because_o such_o tenure_n be_v quit_v of_o all_o service_n whatsoever_o as_o well_o spiritual_a unless_o frankalmoigne_n uncertain_a as_o temporal_a but_o because_o as_o it_o have_v not_o to_o do_v with_o military_a service_n on_o the_o one_o hand_n so_o neither_o with_o villeinage_n on_o the_o other_o and_o have_v its_o privilege_n express_v in_o that_o epithet_n of_o libera_n it_o be_v refer_v to_o socage_n as_o in_o some_o sort_n such_o this_o then_o be_v that_o this_o tenure_n per_fw-la certa_fw-la servitia_fw-la that_o make_v tenure_n by_o divine_a service_n of_o no_o relation_n to_o the_o plough_n to_o become_v socage_n this_o make_v also_o fee-ferme_a a_o mere_a censual_a service_n much_o in_o the_o nature_n of_o that_o which_o among_o
vectigal_n civilian_n be_v call_v ager_n vectigalis_fw-la as_o be_v liable_a only_o to_o so_o much_o yearly_a rent_n without_o any_o other_o service_n regular_o unless_o fealty_n suit_n of_o court_n or_o the_o like_a according_a as_o the_o feoffment_n may_v run_v and_o have_v nothing_o to_o do_v with_o the_o plough_n to_o become_v socage_n this_o make_v escuage_z certain_a another_o tenure_n of_o no_o relation_n at_o all_o to_o the_o plough_n but_o quatenus_fw-la escuage_z as_o it_o be_v simple_o escuage_z eo_fw-la ipso_fw-la of_o b._n knight-service_n because_o by_o be_v certain_a it_o draw_v he_o not_o forth_o to_o any_o corporal_a service_n in_o war_n to_o be_v also_o term_v socage_n while_o contrariwise_o what_o be_v proper_o call_v escuage_z that_o namely_o which_o be_v uncertain_a and_o so_o call_v because_o beside_o its_o subjection_n to_o homage_n fealty_n ward_n and_o marriage_n it_o be_v uncertain_a how_o often_o a_o man_n shall_v be_v call_v to_o follow_v his_o lord_n into_o the_o war_n and_o again_o what_o his_o charge_n will_v be_v in_o each_o journey_n from_o be_v liable_a i_o say_v to_o this_o uncertainty_n of_o duty_n be_v escuage_z knight-service_n hence_o four_a it_o be_v that_o burgage_n a_o tenure_n no_o way_n smell_v of_o the_o plough_n or_o tillage_n be_v currant_n and_o conversant_a only_o in_o city_n and_o town_n because_o hold_v for_o a_o certain_a annual_a rent_n become_v with_o the_o rest_n socage_n hence_o also_o our_o kentish_a gavelkynd_n consider_v in_o its_o name_n or_o term_n betoken_v censual_a land_n of_o no_o affinity_n with_o the_o plough_n or_o plough-service_n because_o i_o say_v hold_v per_fw-la certa_fw-la servitia_fw-la come_v to_o be_v call_v socage_n the_o like_a may_v be_v say_v of_o frank_n ferme_fw-fr and_o other_o the_o remain_a species_n of_o socage-land_n one_o and_o all_o as_o proper_o so_o call_v as_o right_o and_o with_o as_o much_o reason_n refer_v to_o that_o head_n of_o our_o english_a tenor_n as_o that_o which_o for_o its_o plough_n or_o tillage_n service_n be_v say_v to_o be_v more_o peculiarly_a so_o call_v stand_v not_o in_o need_n of_o that_o distinction_n which_o the_o common_a opinion_n use_v to_o bring_v they_o within_o the_o compass_n of_o it_o call_v ab_fw-la effectu_fw-la because_o of_o like_a effect_n and_o incident_n belong_v to_o they_o with_o socage_n tenure_n a_o distinction_n by_o this_o derivation_n render_v frivolous_a and_o needless_a and_o under_o favour_n therefore_o as_o fit_a to_o be_v lay_v aside_o as_o their_o 36_o assertion_n be_v to_o be_v retract_v who_o to_o vindicate_v the_o retain_v of_o the_o name_n of_o socage_n as_o of_o use_n only_o to_o distinguish_v that_o from_o a_o tenure_n by_o knight-service_n affirm_v that_o the_o cause_n whereupon_o the_o name_n of_o socage_n first_o grow_v viz._n plough-service_n be_v take_v away_o by_o the_o change_n of_o such_o service_n into_o money_n whereas_o presuppose_v our_o present_a derivation_n of_o socage_n to_o be_v admit_v both_o name_n and_o cause_n still_o continue_v thus_o much_o for_o socage_n a_o term_n that_o to_o i_o first_o occurr_n in_o glanvill_n never_o as_o yet_o in_o any_o elder_a record_n in_o a_o roll_n of_o cant._n account_n of_o the_o archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n manor_n for_o the_o six_o year_n of_o archbishop_n baldwyn_n glanvill_n coaetanean_a and_o companion_n in_o his_o voyage_n and_o expedition_n with_o king_n richard_n the_o first_o to_o the_o holy_a land_n which_o by_o computation_n be_v the_o year_n of_o our_o lord_n 1190._o it_o occur_v by_o the_o name_n of_o soggagium_n thus_o super_fw-la soggagium_fw-la london_n remanent_fw-la xx_o d._n and_o this_o in_o croyden_n manor_n there_o among_o the_o expense_n and_o deduction_n follow_v the_o receipt_n of_o that_o year_n which_o i_o mention_v not_o as_o conceive_v it_o no_o elder_a than_o hen._n 2._o day_n yes_o i_o rather_o hold_v socmannus_fw-la socmanria_fw-la and_o socagium_fw-la to_o be_v relative_n and_o consequent_o that_o where_o the_o one_o occurr_n the_o rest_n be_v imply_v but_o socmannus_fw-la be_v obvious_a in_o domesday-book_n and_o less_o ancient_a therefore_o i_o persuade_v myself_o socage_n and_o socmanry_n be_v not_o nunc_fw-la age_n carp_n viam_fw-la susceptum_fw-la perfice_fw-la munus_fw-la aânâid_n now_o therefore_o to_o come_v to_o our_o quaere_fw-la whether_o gavelkynd_n be_v a_o tenure_n or_o a_o custom_n and_o give_v it_o a_o answer_n i_o confess_v there_o be_v that_o in_o some_o sort_n hold_v the_o negative_a as_o who_o will_v have_v it_o to_o be_v a_o custom_n accompany_v the_o land_n where_o it_o obtain_v rather_o than_o a_o tenure_n whereby_o the_o land_n be_v hold_v hold_v the_o while_o the_o tenure_n to_o be_v socage_n and_o of_o this_o opinion_n 537._o mr._n lambard_n do_v more_o than_o seem_v to_o be_v now_o between_o tenure_n and_o custom_n in_o this_o case_n with_o we_o the_o difference_n as_o i_o collect_v stand_v thus_o admit_v it_o only_o a_o tenure_n and_o then_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o land_n be_v not_o concern_v in_o point_n of_o descent_n so_o that_o in_o some_o case_n as_o the_o escheat_n of_o it_o by_o death_n or_o cessavit_fw-la to_o the_o lord_n that_o hold_v over_o by_o knight-service_n or_o to_o the_o crown_n by_o forfeicture_n in_o treason_n and_o the_o like_a it_o cease_v to_o be_v any_o long_o of_o gavelkynd-nature_n in_o point_n of_o descent_n and_o go_v not_o as_o before_z to_o all_o but_o only_o to_o the_o elder_a of_o the_o son_n according_a to_o the_o course_n of_o the_o common_a law_n whereas_o if_o it_o be_v a_o custom_n follow_v the_o nature_n of_o the_o land_n than_o it_o be_v say_v they_o inseparable_a from_o that_o land_n where_o it_o obtain_v insomuch_o as_o notwithstanding_o this_o escheat_n or_o whatever_o other_o alteration_n of_o the_o tenure_n it_o remain_v as_o before_o partible_a among_o all_o the_o son_n or_o other_o heir_n where_o son_n be_v want_v but_o to_o the_o point_n b._n to_o prove_v gavelkynd_n to_o be_v a_o âenure_n i_o shall_v not_o need_v i_o think_v to_o multiply_v authority_n the_o generality_n of_o those_o ancient_a deed_n that_o i_o have_v see_v for_o the_o grant_v land_n in_o gavelkynd_n whereof_o some_o be_v exhibit_v in_o the_o appendix_n be_v wont_a to_o have_v their_o tenendum_n the_o usual_a and_o more_o proper_a place_n for_o the_o creation_n of_o a_o tenure_n in_o any_o kind_n of_o grant_n thus_o phrased_a tenendum_fw-la either_o ad_fw-la or_o in_fw-la gavelikendam_fw-la or_o the_o like_a the_o office_n recite_v of_o mr._n lambard_n in_o his_o peramb_v pag._n 540._o find_v after_o the_o death_n of_o walter_n culpepper_n be_v alike_o phrased_a tenuit_fw-la in_o gavelkind_n be_v a_o much_o repeat_v passage_n in_o it_o the_o statute_n 18._o hen._n 6._o cap._n 3._o in_o term_n call_v it_o a_o tenure_n take_v knowledge_n that_o there_o be_v not_o at_o that_o day_n within_o the_o shire_n above_o 40._o person_n at_o the_o most_o which_o have_v land_n to_o the_o yearly_a value_n of_o xx_o pound_n without_o the_o tenure_n of_o gazelkynd_n and_o that_o the_o great_a party_n of_o this_o county_n or_o well_o nigh_o all_o be_v then_o within_o that_o tenure_n and_o this_o alone_a which_o i_o shall_v add_v may_v evince_v and_o clear_v it_o to_o be_v a_o tenure_n that_o since_o the_o statute_n of_o quia_fw-la emptores_fw-la terrarum_fw-la anno_fw-la 18._o edw._n 1._o prohibit_v the_o subject_n to_o let_v land_n to_o be_v hold_v of_o himself_o as_o there_o be_v not_o to_o be_v find_v any_o more_o grant_n of_o land_n objection_n pro_fw-la homagio_fw-la &_o sârvitio_fw-la so_o neither_o in_o gavelkynd_n for_o brevity_n sake_n i_o will_v urge_v no_o more_o authority_n of_o this_o kind_n be_v thus_o then_o apparent_o a_o tenure_n how_o come_v it_o to_o pass_v that_o we_o so_o usual_o call_v it_o the_o custom_n of_o gavelkynd_n seldom_o either_o make_v or_o find_v mention_n of_o gavelkynd_n but_o with_o that_o adjunct_n and_o under_o that_o notion_n of_o custom_n indeed_o the_o property_n of_o equal_a partition_n be_v and_o have_v so_o solution_n long_o be_v of_o that_o eminency_n in_o our_o kentish_a gavelkynd_n and_o it_o so_o much_o celebrate_v for_o that_o property_n that_o as_o if_o it_o be_v the_o sole_a and_o only_a property_n of_o it_o all_o the_o other_o in_o respect_n whereof_o this_o land_n may_v as_o well_o be_v call_v gavelkynd_n as_o for_o this_o be_v as_o it_o be_v forget_v and_o that_o only_o carry_v away_o the_o name_n from_o its_o fellow_n whereas_o that_o of_o partition_n as_o have_v be_v say_v before_o be_v but_o one_o among_o the_o many_o other_o property_n and_o custom_n in_o our_o kentish_a gavelkynd_n such_o as_o dower_n of_o the_o moiety_n a._n loss_n of_o dower_n by_o marriage_n before_o or_o after_o assignment_n b._n not_o to_o forfeict_n land_n for_o felony_n power_n of_o alienation_n at_o fifteen_o year_n of_o age_n and_o the_o rest_n obvious_a
in_o the_o kentish_a custumal_a and_o because_o this_o of_o partition_n among_o the_o rest_n proper_o depend_v of_o custom_n as_o thwart_v the_o course_n of_o the_o common_a law_n in_o like_a case_n hence_o the_o quaere_fw-la grow_v at_o first_o whether_o gavelkynd_n be_v a_o custom_n or_o a_o tenure_n indeed_o a_o very_a improper_a and_o incongruous_a quaere_fw-la and_o occasion_v by_o the_o want_n of_o that_o distinction_n of_o the_o genus_fw-la from_o the_o species_n which_o through_o inadvertencie_n be_v here_o confound_v gavelkynd_n be_v the_o genus_fw-la &_o partition_n the_o species_n so_o that_o if_o we_o shall_v but_o reddere_fw-la singula_fw-la singulis_fw-la this_o doubt_n will_v quick_o have_v a_o end_n gavelkynd_n general_o speak_v of_o and_o in_o gross_a be_v the_o tenure_n particular_o and_o with_o reference_n to_o this_o partition_n it_o be_v a_o custom_n accompany_v the_o land_n of_o that_o tenure_n or_o if_o you_o rather_o will_v not_o gavelkynd_n be_v the_o tenure_n partition_n and_o the_o other_o property_n the_o nature_n which_o solution_n give_v occasion_n of_o another_o quaere_fw-la and_o that_o indeed_o a_o main_a one_o whether_o namely_o this_o custom_n of_o partition_n in_o gavelkynd-land_n be_v so_o inherent_a in_o the_o land_n and_o so_o inseparable_a from_o it_o that_o notwithstanding_o the_o tenure_n of_o the_o land_n be_v alter_v yet_o the_o land_n shall_v stââl_o retain_v this_o property_n no_o more_o i_o take_v it_o than_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o fellow-property_n as_o much_o depend_v upon_o custom_n as_o that_o and_o for_o which_o the_o land_n may_v deserve_v the_o name_n of_o gavelkynd_n as_o well_o as_o for_o that_o and_o therefore_o some_o perhaps_o will_v say_v it_o shall_v retain_v they_o all_o indifferent_o i_o shall_v not_o here_o engage_v as_o a_o opponent_n only_o invite_v by_o this_o fair_a occasion_n crave_v leave_n to_o propound_v academical_o what_o in_o like_a case_n i_o find_v deliver_v by_o other_o conduce_v in_o my_o judgement_n to_o facilitate_v the_o resolution_n leave_v it_o to_o such_o as_o have_v more_o will_n to_o debate_n and_o better_a skill_n to_o decide_v the_o question_n than_o myself_o to_o give_v a_o full_a and_o more_o peremptory_a resolution_n in_o the_o point_n i_o may_v i_o take_v it_o not_o improper_o state_n the_o question_n thus_o whether_o the_o person_n in_o this_o case_n shall_v follow_v the_o condition_n of_o the_o land_n or_o on_o the_o contrary_a the_o land_n that_o of_o the_o person_n the_o former_a it_o seem_v take_v place_n in_o paris_n the_o french_a metropolis_n by_o the_o custom_n of_o the_o place_n whence_o that_o of_o choppinus_n treat_v of_o those_o custom_n pag._n 316._o parisiensi_fw-la iââem_fw-la municâpiâ_fw-la say_v he_o quod_fw-la gentilitiâ_fw-la pariter_fw-la sulget_fw-la nobilitate_fw-la clarorum_fw-la virorum_fw-la usus_fw-la familiae_fw-la herciscundae_fw-la minus_fw-la est_fw-la obnoxius_fw-la invidiae_fw-la ubi_fw-la scilicet_fw-la non_fw-la persunarum_fw-la sed_fw-la fundorum_fw-la conditio_fw-la nobilis_fw-la plebeiave_v part_n assignat_fw-la to_o which_o he_o add_v a_o little_a after_o hââd_a ideâ_n tamen_fw-la dividundarum_fw-la haereditatum_fw-la ratiâ_n immutata_fw-la est_fw-la parisiis_fw-la cum_fw-la nobiles_fw-la fundos_fw-la plebeii_fw-la nobiliter_fw-la &_o ignobiles_fw-la aequojure_v generosi_fw-la invitem_fw-la partiantur_fw-la to_o the_o same_o purpose_n 57_o our_o author_n elsewhere_o âels_v we_o that_o priseo_fw-la quodem_fw-la gâllici_n fori_fw-la usu_fw-la plebeius_fw-la fundus_fw-la haud_fw-la ideo_fw-la pristinam_fw-la exuebat_fw-la conditionem_fw-la quòd_fw-la à _fw-la recto_fw-la ipsius_fw-la domino_fw-la aere_fw-la comparatus_fw-la esset_fw-la ni_fw-fr ejus_fw-la nomine_fw-la comparator_n in_fw-la clientelam_fw-la se_fw-la unà _fw-la cum_fw-la superiore_fw-la fundo_fw-la svo_fw-la ad_fw-la patronum_fw-la contulisset_fw-la which_o his_o margin_n elsewhere_o 40._o record_v thus_o anciennement_fw-fr les_fw-fr roture_n aâquises_n par_fw-fr le_fw-fr scigneur_fw-fr direct_a se_fw-fr partageoient_fw-fr returierement_n si_fw-la non_fw-la que_fw-fr le_fw-fr dit_fw-fr acquereur_fw-fr les_fw-fr comprint_n en_fw-fr l'adveu_n de_fw-fr son_fw-fr fief_n le_fw-fr rendant_fw-fr au_fw-fr superieur_fw-fr thus_o go_v it_o seem_v the_o more_o ancient_a custom_n in_o those_o part_n but_o tempora_fw-la mutantur_fw-la the_o case_n of_o latter_a time_n be_v alter_v there_o as_o the_o same_o author_n give_v we_o to_o understand_v in_o both_o the_o last_o fore_n cite_v place_n at_o postârioris_fw-la aevi_fw-la jurisprudentia_fw-la mutatis_fw-la calculis_fw-la novam_fw-la invexit_fw-la servientis_fw-la fundi_fw-la unionem_fw-la tacitam_fw-la &_o consolidationem_fw-la cum_fw-la altero_fw-la dominante_fw-la ac_fw-la parem_fw-la adeo_fw-la utriusque_fw-la qualitatem_fw-la praenobilem_fw-la ni_fw-fr si_fw-la illius_fw-la emptor_n subinde_fw-la contestationem_fw-la interposuisset_fw-la contrariae_fw-la voluntatis_fw-la thus_o in_o the_o former_a place_n in_o the_o latter_a thus_o nostrae_fw-la tamen_fw-la aetatis_fw-la moribus_fw-la diversum_fw-la obtinuit_fw-la censuales_fw-la nempe_fw-la &_o obnoxios_fw-la agros_fw-la solâ_fw-la per_fw-la rectum_fw-la dominum_fw-la acquisitione_n prorsus_fw-la uniri_fw-la in_fw-la unúmque_fw-la redigi_fw-la cum_fw-la praedio_fw-la dominante_fw-la nisi_fw-la protinus_fw-la emptor_n contrariae_fw-la voluntatis_fw-la testationem_fw-la interposuisset_fw-la the_o effect_n of_o both_o be_v this_o that_o censual_a land_n by_o purchase_n come_v unto_o the_o direct_a lord_n the_o lord_n of_o the_o fee_n or_o over_o lord_n aâe_v ipso_fw-la jure_fw-la feudal_n and_o shall_v according_o descend_v as_o thereby_o reunite_v to_o the_o fee_n unless_o the_o buyer_n at_o the_o time_n of_o purchase_n do_v protest_v to_o the_o contrary_n will_v you_o please_v to_o hear_v his_o reason_n unionis_fw-la nempe_fw-la vis_fw-la illa_fw-la eo_fw-la producitur_fw-la ut_fw-la ignobile_fw-la praedium_fw-la militari_fw-la junctum_fw-la nobilitetur_fw-la eque_fw-la plebeio_fw-la as_o soââ_n vectigalibus_fw-la obnoxio_fw-la transeat_fw-la in_o feudâlis_fw-la clientelae_fw-la sortem_fw-la liberiorem_fw-la thus_o he_o de_fw-fr moribus_fw-la parisior_n pag._n 58._o much_o what_o one_o with_o that_o in_o the_o other_o place_n de_n domanio_fw-la francia_fw-la pag._n 41._o quoniam_fw-la tacita_fw-la praediorum_fw-la union_n confusa_fw-la erant_fw-la jura_fw-la servitutum_fw-la census_fw-la &_o solarii_fw-la vectigalis_fw-la cum_fw-la rei_fw-la propriae_fw-la nulla_fw-la superforet_fw-la servitus_fw-la exândéque_fw-la vectigalis_fw-la sundi_fw-la qualitas_fw-la esset_fw-la immutata_fw-la thus_o he_o who_o see_v also_o if_o you_o please_v de_fw-fr domanio_fw-la gallicâ_n pag._n 168._o num_fw-la 2._o also_o pag._n 284._o num_fw-la 1._o to_o who_o add_v hotoman_a de_fw-fr feudis_fw-la lib_n 1._o do_fw-mi 5._o parag_n 2._o in_o fine_a you_o see_v by_o this_o how_o the_o present_a case_n stand_v in_o some_o part_n abroad_o here_o at_o home_n as_o it_o seem_v by_o the_o very_a custumal_a of_o kent_n in_o two_o several_a case_n therein_o specify_v the_o descent_n of_o gavelkynd-land_n be_v changeable_a and_o the_o land_n become_v unpartible_a first_o namely_o when_o by_o escheat_n happen_v either_o by_o death_n or_o cessavit_fw-la next_o when_o by_o the_o tenant_n voluntary_a surrender_n it_o come_v into_o his_o lord_n hand_n who_o hold_v by_o fee_n of_o haubert_n or_o by_o grand_a sergeanty_n both_o which_o 537._o mr._n lambard_n take_v to_o be_v knight-service_n to_o which_o may_v be_v add_v two_o other_o case_n which_o occur_v in_o a_o ancient_a kentish_a eire_n in_o the_o exchequer_n ann_n 29._o edw._n 1._o where_o enquiry_n be_v make_v and_o the_o question_n propound_v to_o the_o kentish_a man_n how_o many_o way_n gavelkynd-land_n may_v be_v alter_v and_o deliver_v from_o the_o ordinary_a and_o custumary_a descent_n answer_n be_v give_v by_o four_o instance_v in_o the_o two_o former_a and_o to_o they_o add_v those_o other_o two_o namely_o 1_o per_fw-la licentiam_fw-la regis_fw-la by_o the_o king_n licence_n and_o 2._o per_fw-la chartam_fw-la archiepiscopi_fw-la by_o the_o archbishop_n end_n charter_n against_o this_o and_o on_o the_o other_o side_n inter_fw-la alia_fw-la may_v be_v oppose_v what_o be_v plead_v in_o the_o fore-remembred_n controversy_n between_o burgade_n bend_n and_o the_o prior_n and_o covent_n of_o christchurch_n canterbury_n wherein_o the_o prior_n in_o bar_n of_o burga_n claim_n to_o the_o moiety_n of_o he_o and_o the_o monk_n manor_n in_o franc_n bank_n 5._o plead_v quod_fw-la dominus_fw-la rex_fw-la qui_fw-la manerium_fw-la illud_fw-la deait_fw-fr praedecessoribus_fw-la suis_fw-la non_fw-la tenuit_fw-la illud_fw-la nomine_fw-la gavelkinde_n whence_o admit_v the_o plea_n for_o law_n natural_o seem_v to_o result_v this_o double_a consectary_n 1._o that_o the_o king_n may_v hold_v land_n in_o gavelkynd_n 2._o that_o the_o king_n hold_v land_n in_o gavelkynd_n in_o case_n he_o shall_v grant_v it_o away_o to_o any_o religious_a house_n in_o puram_fw-la &_o perpetuam_fw-la eleêmosynam_fw-la in_o frankalmoigne_n it_o remain_v notwithstanding_o partible_a as_o before_o it_o come_v to_o the_o crown_n in_o their_o hand_n at_o least_o who_o the_o religious_a man_n shall_v infeoff_v with_o it_o much_o more_o doubtless_o may_v be_v say_v in_o the_o point_n as_o well_o pro_fw-la as_o contra_fw-la but_o i_o shall_v leave_v it_o to_o be_v further_o argue_v by_o lawyer_n add_v only_o in_o a_o word_n what_o upon_o the_o whole_a
part_n of_o the_o land_n and_o the_o three_o part_n of_o all_o the_o residue_n of_o the_o land_n be_v gavelkind_a do_v escheat_n to_o the_o king_n for_o want_v of_o heir_n which_o land_n be_v ever_o since_o enjoy_v under_o the_o king_n title_n by_o escheat_n and_o john_n wall_n upon_o a_o trial_n recover_v against_o white_a the_o devisee_fw-mi whereby_o it_o be_v evident_a that_o gavelkind_a land_n in_o kent_n be_v never_o deviseable_a by_o custom_n and_o so_o it_o be_v agree_v per_fw-la curiam_fw-la pasch_fw-mi 37._o el._n in_o c._n b._n in_o halton_n and_o starthop_n case_n upon_o evidence_n to_o a_o jury_n of_o kent_n &_o it_o be_v then_o say_v that_o it_o have_v be_v so_o resolve_v before_o and_o there_o it_o be_v say_v per_fw-la curiam_fw-la that_o fitz._n nat._n brev._n 198._o l._n be_v to_o be_v understand_v where_o there_o be_v a_o special_a custom_n that_o the_o land_n be_v deviseable_a etc._n etc._n and_o he_o that_o shall_v conclude_v upon_o that_o place_n of_o fitz_n nat._n brev._n 198._o l._n that_o all_o gavelkind_a land_n be_v deviseable_a etc._n etc._n may_v as_o well_o conclude_v that_o all_o land_n in_o every_o city_n and_o burrow_n in_o england_n be_v deviseable_a which_o be_v not_o so_o as_o appear_z by_o mr._n littleton_n who_o say_v that_o in_o some_o burrough_n by_o custom_n a_o man_n may_v devise_v his_o land_n etc._n etc._n and_o if_o gavelkind_a land_n be_v deviseable_a by_o custom_n etc._n etc._n then_o a_o man_n may_v devise_v they_o by_o word_n without_o writing_n as_o it_o be_v agree_v in_o 34._o h._n 8._o dyer_n 53._o for_o a_o man_n may_v devise_v his_o good_n and_o chattel_n by_o a_o will_v nuncupative_a so_o may_v he_o likewise_o devise_v his_o land_n deviseable_a by_o custom_n because_o they_o be_v esteem_v but_o tanquam_fw-la catalla_fw-la etc._n etc._n and_o it_o will_v be_v a_o mischievous_a thing_n if_o all_o the_o gavelkind_n in_o kent_n shall_v be_v deviseable_a by_o word_n only_o to_o these_o argument_n and_o objection_n against_o the_o custom_n certain_a answer_n and_o exception_n by_o the_o learned_a counsel_n of_o the_o adverse_a party_n have_v be_v frame_v and_o return_v in_o behalf_n thereof_o reducible_a to_o three_o head_n which_o to_o avoid_v all_o just_a suspicion_n of_o partiality_n and_o prejudice_n wherewith_o some_o zealous_a advocate_n and_o contender_n for_o the_o custom_n have_v be_v and_o may_v again_o be_v ready_a to_o asperse_v i_o i_o shall_v here_o subjoin_v together_o with_o such_o answer_n and_o argument_n by_o way_n of_o reply_n as_o i_o have_v receive_v from_o the_o learned_a counsel_n of_o the_o other_o side_n in_o further_a and_o full_a refutation_n of_o they_o who_o endeavour_n to_o uphold_v the_o custom_n the_o learned_a counsel_n argument_n in_o behalf_n of_o the_o custom_n first_o they_o deny_v the_o old_a book_n of_o 4._o edw._n 2._o fitzh_n mortdancester_n 39_o âo_o be_v lâw._n but_o a_o assize_n of_o mortdancester_n lie_v of_o land_n deviseable_a if_o it_o be_v true_a that_o his_o ancestor_n die_v seize_v unless_o it_o appear_v that_o the_o defendaut_n claim_v by_o some_o other_o title_n but_o if_o the_o defendant_n plead_v that_o the_o land_n be_v by_o custom_n deviseable_a and_o be_v devise_v unto_o he_o it_o be_v a_o good_a bar_n of_o the_o action_n second_o they_o rely_v much_o upon_o the_o book_n of_o fitzherb_n natura_fw-la brevium_fw-la fol._n 198._o which_o say_v that_o a_o writ_n of_o exit_fw-la gravi_fw-la querela_fw-la lie_v where_o a_o man_n be_v seize_v of_o land_n or_o tenement_n in_o any_o city_n or_o burrow_n or_o in_o gavelkynd_n which_o land_n be_v deviseable_a by_o will_n time_n out_o of_o mind_n etc._n etc._n whence_o they_o infer_v that_o all_o gavelkynd-land_n be_v deviseable_a by_o custom_n three_o they_o cite_v the_o treatise_n call_v consuetudines_fw-la cantiae_fw-la in_o the_o book_n call_v old_a magna_fw-la charta_fw-la and_o lambards_n perambulation_n of_o kent_n fol._n 198._o that_o land_n in_o gavelkynd_n may_v be_v give_v or_o sell_v without_o the_o lord_n licence_n and_o they_o interpret_v the_o word_n give_v to_o be_v by_o will_n and_o the_o word_n grant_v to_o be_v by_o deed_n the_o reply_n to_o the_o foregoing_a argument_n by_o such_o as_o stand_v in_o opposition_n to_o the_o custom_n as_o to_o the_o first_o objection_n against_o the_o argument_n take_v from_o the_o assize_n of_o mortdancester_n they_o reply_v thus_o first_o they_o maintain_v that_o the_o custom_n alone_o without_o a_o actual_a devise_n be_v pleadable_a in_o abatement_n to_o a_o assize_n of_o mortdancester_n as_o well_o as_o the_o custom_n with_o a_o actual_a devise_n be_v pleadable_a in_o bar_n for_o which_o there_o be_v not_o only_o that_o book_n of_o 4._o edw._n 2._o but_o also_o bracton_n lib._n 1._o fol._n 272._o ubi_fw-la non_fw-la iaceo_fw-la assisa_fw-la mortis_fw-la antecessoris_fw-la among_o his_o plea_n in_o abatement_n of_o the_o writ_n have_v before_o treat_v of_o plea_n in_o bar_n to_o it_o cadit_fw-la assisa_n say_v he_o propter_fw-la consuetudinem_fw-la loci_fw-la ut_fw-la in_o civitatibus_fw-la burgis_fw-la etc._n etc._n and_o 22._o assis_n pl._n 78._o where_o upon_o the_o like_a plea_n the_o writ_n be_v abate_v and_o fitzherb_n nat._n brev._n fol._n 196._o i._o who_o authority_n they_o think_v strange_a to_o be_v deny_v in_o a_o matter_n of_o law_n wherein_o he_o be_v a_o judge_n and_o yet_o so_o strong_o rell_v on_o in_o a_o matter_n of_o fact_n and_o custom_n in_o a_o place_n whereto_o he_o be_v a_o stranger_n and_o so_o be_v it_o practise_v and_o allow_v in_o itin._n johan_n de_fw-fr stanton_n 6._o edw._n 2._o and_o the_o reason_n give_v by_o the_o book_n why_o such_o a_o custom_n be_v pleadable_a in_o abatement_n to_o this_o writ_n be_v because_o the_o suggestion_n of_o the_o writ_n may_v be_v true_a that_o the_o ancestor_n die_v seize_v etc._n etc._n and_o yet_o the_o heir_n have_v no_o title_n where_o the_o land_n be_v deviseable_a and_o it_o be_v the_o property_n of_o this_o writ_n that_o the_o die_v seize_v must_v be_v traverse_v and_o though_o the_o tenant_n plead_v the_o feoffment_n of_o the_o ancestor_n or_o other_o matter_n in_o bar_n that_o be_v not_o matter_n of_o estoppell_n to_o the_o heir_n as_o a_o fine_a recovery_n &c_n &c_n yet_o must_v he_o traverse_v the_o die_v seize_v and_o the_o jury_n shall_v be_v summon_v and_o charge_v to_o inquire_v if_o the_o ancestor_n thy_fw-mi quo_fw-la obiit_fw-la seisitus_fw-la fuit_fw-la etc._n etc._n and_o so_o be_v the_o book_n of_o 9_o assis_n pl._n 22._o 27._o hen._n 8._o 12._o brooke_n mortdancestor_n 1._o old_a nat._n brev._n fol._n 117._o and_o diverse_a other_o nor_o be_v there_o any_o opinion_n to_o be_v find_v in_o any_o book_n of_o law_n against_o that_o book_n of_o fitzherb_n mortdancestor_n 39_o until_o the_o 15_o of_o king_n charles_n launder_v and_o brook_n case_n crook_n lib._n 1._o fol._n 405._o obiter_fw-la upon_o the_o trial_n of_o this_o custom_n 2._o admit_v that_o at_o this_o day_n the_o law_n be_v hold_v to_o be_v otherwise_o yet_o it_o appear_v by_o all_o the_o authority_n aforesaid_a that_o in_o those_o time_n the_o law_n be_v take_v to_o be_v that_o the_o mortdancestor_n do_v not_o lie_v where_o there_o be_v such_o a_o custom_n but_o it_o be_v a_o good_a plea_n in_o abatement_n of_o the_o writ_n and_o yet_o assize_n of_o mortdancestor_n be_v then_o frequent_o bring_v and_o maintain_v of_o land_n in_o kent_n as_o appear_v by_o bracton_n and_o the_o book_n abovesaid_a 3._o whether_o the_o custom_n alone_o be_v pleadable_a in_o abatement_n or_o the_o custom_n with_o a_o actual_a devise_n be_v to_o be_v plead_v in_o bar_n they_o say_v it_o can_v be_v show_v if_o it_o can_v they_o challenge_v they_o to_o do_v it_o who_o will_v maintain_v the_o custom_n that_o it_o be_v ever_o plead_v one_o way_n or_o other_o either_o in_o abatement_n or_o in_o bar_n to_o any_o one_o of_o all_o that_o multitude_n of_o assize_n of_o mortdancestor_n bring_v at_o large_a in_o that_o county_n when_o in_o so_o small_a a_o city_n and_o county_n as_o canterbury_n where_o indeed_o there_o be_v such_o a_o custom_n they_o show_v it_o often_o plead_v to_o writ_n of_o mortdancestor_n bring_v there_o before_o roger_n de_fw-fr stanton_n and_o other_o justice_n in_o eyre_n second_o to_o the_o book_n of_o fitzherb_n nat._n brev._n fol._n 198._o upon_o the_o writ_n of_o exit_fw-la gravi_fw-la querela_fw-la from_o whence_o the_o ground_n of_o this_o question_n spring_v they_o answer_v that_o the_o sense_n and_o meaning_n of_o that_o book_n no_o less_o than_o the_o grammar_n of_o it_o due_o observe_v be_v no_o more_o then_o that_o the_o write_v of_o exit_fw-la gravi_fw-la querela_fw-la lie_v there_o where_o land_n in_o any_o city_n or_o town_n or_o in_o gavelkynd_n be_v deviseable_a by_o custom_n not_o that_o all_o land_n in_o city_n and_o burrough_n and_o in_o gavelkynd_n be_v