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as_o well_o as_o undisposed_a to_o any_o certain_a owner_n the_o whole_a country_n be_v as_o have_v be_v observe_v very_o full_a of_o all_o sort_n of_o wild_a game_n in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o britain_n who_o live_v at_o large_a without_o any_o enclosure_n little_a property_n and_o subsist_v much_o upon_o hunt_v fish_v and_o fowl_v which_o they_o have_v all_o in_o common_a upon_o the_o enclose_v or_o cultivate_v of_o the_o fruitful_a land_n by_o the_o saxon_n the_o wild_a beast_n natural_o afraid_a of_o neighbour_n who_o they_o find_v to_o be_v all_o enemy_n flee_v into_o the_o wild_a woody_a and_o desolate_a tract_n of_o land_n where_o they_o find_v shelter_n and_o feed_v though_o hardly_o yet_o out_o of_o common_a sight_n and_o noise_n and_o hereby_o all_o those_o part_n become_v replenish_v with_o all_o sort_n of_o game_n especial_o with_o red_a and_o fallow-deer_n and_o make_v all_o those_o several_a extent_n of_o ground_n which_o be_v afterward_o call_v forest_n the_o saxon_a king_n esteem_v these_o to_o belong_v to_o the_o crown_n by_o their_o right_n to_o all_o possession_n that_o have_v no_o certain_a owner_n and_o by_o their_o never_o have_v be_v dispose_v upon_o the_o first_o division_n of_o land_n in_o the_o saxon_a kingdom_n nor_o afterward_o by_o any_o grant_n of_o the_o crown_n this_o right_n be_v not_o dispute_v nor_o any_o use_n of_o it_o make_v further_o than_o for_o the_o king_n pleasure_n which_o yet_o be_v not_o by_o they_o restrain_v from_o the_o noble_n or_o knight_n that_o be_v borderer_n upon_o the_o forest_n who_o be_v so_o moderate_a in_o those_o more_o simple_a age_n as_o to_o commit_v no_o excess_n or_o destroy_v the_o game_n which_o it_o be_v their_o interest_n to_o preserve_v both_o for_o their_o sport_n and_o the_o quarry_n and_o for_o some_o use_n make_v of_o it_o for_o common_a pasturage_n among_o all_o the_o border_a neighbour_n william_n the_o conqueror_n not_o only_o seize_v upon_o all_o these_o forest_n as_o part_n of_o his_o own_o demesn_n but_o make_v a_o very_a large_a one_o in_o hampshire_n beside_o those_o he_o find_v by_o lay_v waist_n and_o leave_v uninhabited_a great_a extent_n of_o land_n which_o he_o pretend_v to_o be_v fall_v to_o the_o crown_n by_o ancient_a succession_n or_o by_o new_a forfeiture_n and_o this_o he_o call_v the_o new_a forest_n which_o name_v after_o so_o long_a a_o course_n of_o age_n it_o still_o retain_v in_o all_o these_o forest_n he_o pretend_v a_o absolute_a right_n and_o dominion_n and_o in_o pursuance_n thereof_o institute_v new_a and_o arbitrary_a law_n of_o his_o own_o unused_a and_o unknown_a before_o in_o this_o kingdom_n and_o very_o different_a from_o the_o moderation_n of_o the_o saxon_a government_n he_o confine_v all_o hunt_n or_o fowl_v in_o these_o forest_n to_o himself_o or_o such_o as_o shall_v have_v right_o to_o it_o by_o his_o concession_n or_o permission_n he_o impose_v fine_n upon_o all_o trespass_n commit_v in_o they_o according_a to_o his_o own_o pleasure_n and_o which_o seem_v much_o to_o exceed_v the_o fault_n or_o value_n of_o the_o thing_n these_o he_o cause_v to_o be_v levy_v with_o great_a rigour_n and_o exaction_n and_o thereby_o debar_v not_o only_o his_o commoner_n but_o his_o noble_n too_o from_o a_o liberty_n they_o have_v before_o always_o enjoy_v though_o he_o take_v care_n not_o to_o provoke_v the_o commoner_n by_o leave_v pasturage_n free_a for_o such_o of_o the_o neighbour_n who_o live_v most_o upon_o their_o stock_n and_o thereby_o take_v no_o greeat_a offence_n at_o the_o restraint_n from_o their_o sport_n which_o they_o have_v not_o time_n from_o their_o labour_n much_o to_o follow_v yet_o the_o noble_n and_o knight_n who_o value_v their_o sport_n more_o than_o common_a gain_n and_o make_v use_v of_o their_o riches_n but_o for_o increase_n of_o their_o pleasure_n resent_v this_o restraint_n as_o a_o sensible_a injury_n as_o a_o invasion_n
introduce_v new_a term_n new_a form_n of_o plead_v and_o of_o process_n new_a name_n of_o office_n and_o of_o court_n and_o with_o they_o all_o the_o litigious_a custom_n and_o subtlety_n of_o the_o norman_a plea_n and_o conveyance_n who_o be_v a_o witty_a but_o contentious_a people_n instead_o of_o the_o old_a english_a simplicity_n in_o their_o common_a suit_n plea_n or_o conveyance_n which_o be_v plain_a brief_a without_o perplexity_n make_v with_o good_a meaning_n keep_v with_o good_a faith_n and_o so_o follow_v by_o little_a contention_n and_o that_o determine_v by_o speedy_a justice_n and_o decision_n of_o monthly_a court_n in_o every_o county_n among_o the_o saxon_n it_o be_v usual_a to_o grant_v land_n and_o house_n by_o bare_a word_n and_o with_o the_o delivery_n of_o some_o trivial_a gift_n as_o a_o horn_n a_o sword_n a_o arrow_n a_o helmet_n and_o yet_o the_o simple_a honesty_n of_o those_o time_n and_o people_n leave_v such_o grant_n little_a subject_n to_o any_o dispute_n 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scotch_a tongue_n have_v be_v leave_v current_n only_o in_o the_o more_o northern_a or_o northwest_o and_o mountainous_a part_n of_o that_o kingdom_n and_o in_o the_o island_n that_o seem_v to_o have_v be_v first_o and_o most_o entire_o possess_v by_o the_o scythe_n or_o scot_n who_o so_o long_o ago_o invade_v and_o conquer_v the_o northern_a part_n of_o britain_n and_o ireland_n the_o contrary_a of_o this_o unusual_a change_n in_o language_n appear_v to_o have_v succeed_v in_o england_n since_o in_o a_o little_a time_n nothing_o remain_v of_o the_o norman_a language_n in_o common_a use_n beside_o the_o translation_n of_o our_o common_a law_n which_o though_o deduce_v from_o the_o ancient_a saxon_a stream_n yet_o the_o sound_n and_o form_n and_o practice_n come_v to_o be_v norman_a like_o river_n which_o still_o run_v from_o their_o original_a source_n but_o yet_o often_o change_v their_o taste_n from_o the_o soil_n through_o which_o they_o take_v their_o course_n and_o sometime_o 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faithfulness_n which_o the_o english_a express_v towards_o he_o in_o this_o expedition_n gain_v so_o far_o upon_o his_o affection_n and_o confidence_n that_o in_o the_o rest_n of_o his_o reign_n and_o his_o succeed_a war_n he_o seem_v to_o place_v his_o chief_a trust_n in_o the_o courage_n and_o loyalty_n of_o his_o english_a subject_n duke_n robert_n inform_v of_o his_o father_n preparation_n neglect_v not_o his_o own_o and_o though_o surprise_v at_o the_o suddenness_n of_o his_o arrival_n to_o which_o the_o wind_n have_v conspire_v he_o can_v not_o oppose_v his_o land_n yet_o soon_o after_o he_o be_v in_o the_o field_n at_o the_o head_n of_o a_o brave_a norman_a army_n and_o of_o two_o thousand_o man_n at_o arm_n which_o the_o king_n of_o france_n have_v send_v to_o his_o assistance_n with_o these_o force_n he_o march_v against_o the_o king_n fall_v upon_o his_o vanguard_n and_o by_o the_o success_n of_o a_o ambush_n
have_v never_o lose_v but_o one_o which_o be_v fitz-aub_a he_o be_v a_o prince_n deep_a in_o his_o design_n bold_a in_o his_o enterprise_n firm_a in_o his_o prosecution_n excel_v in_o the_o order_n and_o discipline_n of_o his_o army_n and_o choice_n in_o his_o officer_n both_o of_o his_o army_n and_o his_o state_n but_o admirable_a in_o expedition_n and_o dispatch_v of_o civil_a as_o well_o as_o military_a affair_n never_o defer_v till_o to_o morrow_n what_o shall_v be_v do_v to_o day_n above_o all_o he_o be_v careful_a and_o prudent_a in_o the_o management_n of_o his_o treasure_n and_o find_v a_o temper_n between_o the_o bounty_n of_o his_o own_o nature_n and_o the_o necessity_n of_o his_o affair_n proportion_v always_o the_o expense_n of_o his_o gift_n his_o building_n his_o erterprise_n to_o the_o treasure_n he_o be_v master_n of_o for_o defray_v they_o design_v nothing_o out_o of_o his_o compass_n and_o thereby_o compass_v all_o he_o seem_v to_o design_n he_o be_v religious_a in_o 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upon_o the_o roman_n in_o all_o place_n take_v their_o castle_n destroy_v the_o chief_a seat_n of_o their_o power_n at_o london_n and_o verulam_n and_o pursue_v their_o advantage_n with_o such_o slaughter_n and_o revenge_n that_o above_o seventy_o thousand_o roman_n or_o their_o auxiliary_n be_v kill_v by_o the_o fury_n of_o this_o general_a revolt_n yet_o paulinus_n return_v with_o his_o army_n encounter_v the_o british_a force_n in_o a_o set_a battle_n overthrow_v their_o whole_a power_n pursue_v his_o victory_n with_o the_o slaughter_n of_o eighty_o thousand_o force_v voadicea_n to_o poison_n herself_o in_o despair_n and_o here_o end_v not_o only_o the_o british_a liberty_n but_o their_o very_a hope_n too_o or_o any_o considerable_a attempt_n ever_o to_o recover_v they_o under_o vespasian_n and_o domitian_n julius_n agricola_n first_o discover_v it_o to_o be_v a_o island_n sail_v round_o it_o with_o his_o fleet_n and_o extend_v and_o pacify_v the_o bound_n of_o his_o province_n to_o the_o neck_n of_o land_n between_o the_o two_o fryth_n about_o sterling_n and_o glasco_n and_o return_v apply_v himself_o to_o the_o art_n of_o peace_n and_o civil_a institution_n bring_v in_o the_o use_n of_o the_o roman_a law_n and_o custom_n habit_n and_o arm_n language_n and_o manner_n bath_n and_o feast_n study_n and_o learning_n by_o all_o which_o he_o pretend_v to_o soften_v the_o mind_n and_o change_v the_o very_a nature_n of_o a_o barbarous_a people_n very_o difficult_a to_o be_v subdue_v by_o other_o mean_n how_o violent_a soever_o this_o wise_a council_n pursue_v by_o his_o successor_n in_o the_o government_n succeed_v so_o well_o that_o the_o roman_n have_v little_a trouble_n afterward_o in_o britain_n beside_o the_o defence_n of_o their_o province_n upon_o the_o northern_a border_n after_o these_o establishment_n the_o roman_n call_v all_o that_o part_n of_o the_o island_n lie_v northward_o from_o the_o two_o fryth_n caledonia_n leave_v the_o name_n of_o britannia_n to_o the_o rest_n which_o be_v reduce_v to_o their_o obedience_n and_o from_o that_o time_n remain_v a_o roman_a province_n to_o defend_v it_o from_o the_o eruption_n of_o these_o fierce_a and_o numerous_a people_n on_o the_o north_n side_n agricola_n begin_v and_o in_o some_o manner_n finish_v a_o wall_n or_o vallum_n upon_o that_o narrow_a space_n of_o land_n that_o lie_v between_o the_o two_o fryth_n or_o bay_n of_o the_o eastern_a and_o western_a sea_n upon_o which_o glasco_n and_o sterling_n be_v seat_v he_o fortify_v this_o pass_n between_o the_o two_o point_n with_o tower_n and_o rampart_n to_o make_v it_o defensible_a against_o those_o barbarous_a nation_n who_o inhabit_v the_o northern_a side_n of_o that_o country_n which_o the_o roman_n esteem_v not_o worth_a the_o conquer_a and_o provide_v only_o for_o security_n of_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o island_n many_o ruin_n of_o this_o vallum_n be_v late_o and_o for_o aught_o i_o know_v may_v be_v still_o remain_v and_o among_o the_o rest_n a_o small_a round_a tower_n build_v of_o stone_n but_o so_o exact_o cut_v as_o every_o one_o to_o joint_n into_o another_o with_o admirable_a art_n and_o firmness_n though_o without_o any_o use_n of_o mortar_n or_o iron_n and_o this_o be_v esteem_v to_o have_v be_v a_o temple_n of_o terminus_n and_o build_v there_o as_o the_o utmost_a bound_n of_o the_o roman_a province_n this_o be_v afterward_o repair_v and_o strong_a fortify_v by_o adrian_n and_o severus_n nor_o be_v it_o indeed_o agree_v by_o author_n which_o of_o they_o begin_v or_o finish_v it_o and_o whether_o the_o last_o make_v not_o another_o vallum_n between_o the_o two_o sea_n more_o southward_o and_o of_o a_o much_o great_a length_n but_o i_o think_v the_o first_o more_o probable_a however_o this_o be_v a_o defence_n intend_a and_o achieve_v by_o the_o roman_n against_o those_o bold_a and_o brave_a remainder_n of_o the_o northern_a britain_n assist_v by_o the_o scot_n who_o yet_o frequent_o invade_v and_o infest_a the_o province_n during_o the_o time_n the_o roman_n hold_v this_o island_n which_o be_v till_o the_o reign_n of_o honorius_n and_o for_o the_o space_n of_o about_o four_o hundred_o and_o sixty_o year_n upon_o the_o division_n in_o the_o roman_a empire_n which_o be_v grow_v a_o prey_n to_o their_o army_n and_o common_o dispose_v by_o their_o inconstant_a humour_n the_o pretender_n often_o fight_v their_o battle_n and_o decide_v their_o quarrel_n in_o gallia_n as_o well_o several_a of_o the_o commander_n there_o who_o arrive_v at_o the_o empire_n as_o several_a other_o who_o fall_v in_o the_o pursuit_n of_o that_o fatal_a purple_n and_o leave_v only_o the_o name_n of_o tyrant_n behind_o they_o in_o the_o story_n of_o that_o age._n for_o the_o assistance_n of_o these_o faction_n the_o british_a legion_n be_v at_o several_a time_n and_o occasion_n draw_v away_o into_o gaul_n and_o with_o they_o great_a number_n of_o the_o brave_a of_o the_o british_a youth_n who_o be_v affectionate_a to_o the_o roman_a government_n and_o instruct_v in_o their_o language_n manner_n and_o discipline_n of_o their_o arms._n as_o the_o roman_a force_n decrease_v in_o britain_n the_o pict_n and_o scot_n still_o the_o more_o bold_o infest_a the_o northern_a part_n cross_v the_o fryth_n and_o hover_v about_o the_o coast_n in_o little_a boat_n of_o wicker_n cover_v with_o leather_n fill_v all_o where_o they_o come_v with_o spoil_n and_o slaughter_n till_o repel_v by_o what_o remain_v of_o the_o roman_a force_n they_o retire_v still_o into_o their_o northern_a nest_n watch_v for_o the_o next_o occasion_n of_o invasion_n and_o revenge_n upon_o the_o neighbour_a britain_n whenever_o the_o roman_n be_v draw_v away_o into_o remote_a part_n of_o the_o island_n these_o enterprise_n be_v often_o repeat_v and_o as_o often_o as_o repress_v for_o some_o time_n till_o in_o the_o reign_n of_o the_o second_o valentinian_n upon_o the_o mighty_a inundation_n of_o those_o barbarous_a northern_a