kingdom_n of_o kent_n concern_v ethelbert_n the_o four_o king_n after_o hengist_n of_o who_o he_o use_v these_o word_n this_o noble_a king_n have_v a_o care_n for_o they_o that_o shall_v come_v after_o bring_v the_o law_n of_o his_o country_n into_o their_o own_o mother_n tongue_n observe_v here_o that_o by_o this_o time_n from_o the_o saxon_n first_o arrival_n it_o be_v probable_a the_o kentish_a speak_v the_o saxon_a tongue_n their_o language_n before_o be_v british_n with_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o island_n the_o country_n of_o king_n ethelbert_n be_v kont_a and_o his_o mother_n tongue_n be_v saxon_a now_o ethelbert_n find_v the_o law_n of_o his_o country_n british_a the_o saxon_a tongue_n general_o speak_v bring_v those_o law_n out_o of_o british_a into_o saxon_n and_o this_o be_v the_o naked_a meaning_n of_o it_o i_o find_v judicialis_fw-la find_v bedas_n eccl._n hist_n l._n 2._o cap._n 5._o ait_fw-la ethelbertum_n cantiae_fw-la regem_fw-la scripsisse_fw-la idiomate_fw-la saxonice_n libellum_fw-la cvi_fw-la nomen_fw-la indidit_fw-la decreta_fw-la judiciorum_fw-la atque_fw-la judicia_fw-la illa_fw-la vel_fw-la sva_fw-la memoria_fw-la tradit_fw-la suisse_fw-la observata_fw-la aluredus_fw-la in_o praefatione_fw-la legum_fw-la satetur_fw-la se_fw-la ex_fw-la ethelberto_n sumpsisse_fw-la nonnulla_fw-la quid_fw-la plura_fw-la asserius_fw-la menevensis_fw-la olim_fw-la aluredo_fw-la regi_fw-la familiaris_fw-la prodit_fw-la ipsum_fw-la regen_n saxonicis_n mandasse_fw-la literis_fw-la judiciorum_fw-la decreta_fw-la verum_fw-la ad_fw-la nos_fw-la non_fw-la pervenire_fw-la injuria_fw-la temporum_fw-la this_o out_o of_o the_o glossary_a to_o the_o saxon_a law_n under_o this_o word_n libre_fw-la judicialis_fw-la reference_n in_o several_a place_n of_o the_o saxon_n law_n to_o a_o old_a book_n of_o law_n as_o if_o these_o be_v but_o only_a excerption_n out_o of_o it_o as_o in_o the_o five_o law_n of_o king_n aethelstan_n de_fw-fr irruptione_n in_o templum_n it_o be_v say_v triplicis_fw-la ordalii_fw-la sententia_fw-la convincatur_fw-la be_v prout_fw-la in_o libro_fw-la habetur_fw-la judiciali_fw-la compenfato_fw-la and_o this_o in_o the_o saxon_a be_v call_v domboc_a not_o of_o the_o same_o nature_n as_o the_o domesday_n we_o have_v in_o the_o exchequer_n of_o which_o sort_n writer_n do_v also_o mention_v a_o former_a both_o of_o they_o be_v only_o survey_v or_o description_n of_o land_n but_o a_o book_n of_o judgement_n for_o so_o do_v doom_n signify_v in_o the_o saxon_a tongue_n the_o like_a i_o find_v in_o the_o five_o law_n of_o king_n edgar_n where_o it_o be_v provide_v that_o he_o that_o do_v not_o observe_v the_o lord_n day_n funnan_n dae_fw-la ges_fw-la poenas_fw-la in_fw-la judiciali_fw-la libro_fw-la descriptas_fw-la pendito_fw-mi so_o likewise_o in_o the_o eight_o of_o king_n edovards_n law_n si_fw-mi quis_fw-la etc._n etc._n be_v etiam_fw-la id_fw-la compensationis_fw-la quod_fw-la in_o libro_fw-la judiciali_fw-la continetur_fw-la praestato_fw-la molmutii_fw-la praestato_fw-la leges_fw-la molmutii_fw-la duawalloâ—is_fw-la gildas_n cambrius_n in_o latinum_fw-la sermonem_fw-la transtulit_fw-la &_o alphredus_fw-la magnus_fw-la in_o saxonicum_fw-la balaeus_n in_o vita_fw-la ejusdem_fw-la molmutii_fw-la which_o book_n i_o suppose_v contain_v their_o ancient_a law_n translate_v out_o of_o the_o british_a though_o perhaps_o since_o the_o receive_n of_o christianity_n intermingle_v with_o much_o of_o the_o mosaical-judicial-law_n introduce_v both_o by_o the_o britain_n and_o the_o zealous-primitive-christian-saxon_a king_n to_o which_o law_n and_o perhaps_o may_v be_v the_o effect_n thereof_o eleutherius_fw-la the_o pope_n or_o bishop_n of_o rome_n counsel_v and_o refer_v lucius_n the_o brytain_n long_a time_n afore_o this_o age_n we_o be_v now_o write_v of_o i_o be_o not_o ignorant_a that_o they_o have_v diversity_n of_o law_n as_o they_o be_v improper_o call_v viz._n merchenlaege_n westsaxonlaege_n and_o danelaege_n which_o not_o at_o all_o relate_v to_o a_o different_a law_n kind_a custom_n or_o usage_n but_o to_o several_a sort_n of_o amerciament_n mulct_n and_o fine_n for_o the_o transgression_n of_o one_o and_o the_o same_o law_n i_o say_v this_o be_v general_o so_o and_o so_o be_v it_o to_o be_v understand_v in_o the_o second_o of_o king_n alured_n law_n in_o the_o case_n of_o such_o as_o violate_v sanctuary_n and_o be_v this_o mulcta_fw-la vel_fw-la ipsa_fw-la capitis_fw-la aestimatione_fw-la prout_fw-la ejus_fw-la gentis_fw-la feret_fw-la consuetudo_fw-la etc._n etc._n this_o difference_n of_o fines_n and_o pecuniary_a imposition_n i_o find_v frequent_o but_o very_o little_o beside_o which_o be_v also_o all_o the_o impression_n that_o i_o can_v perceive_v the_o rude_a dane_n make_v upon_o the_o english_a in_o relation_n to_o their_o law_n for_o during_o their_o time_n edward_n the_o confessor_n look_v not_o at_o all_o upon_o the_o law_n as_o alter_v but_o say_v they_o be_v asleep_a for_o above_o threescore_o year_n as_o in_o a_o discourse_n concern_v they_o he_o have_v it_o and_o magnify_v they_o so_o high_o that_o in_o his_o restoration_n of_o they_o he_o will_v have_v they_o think_v to_o be_v very_o ancient_a though_o he_o report_v they_o make_v by_o his_o frand-father_n confessoris_fw-la frand-father_n omnes_fw-la proceres_fw-la regni_fw-la &_o milites_fw-la &_o liberi_fw-la hominâ—s_fw-la uniuâ—â—st_fw-la totius_fw-la regni_fw-la britanniae_fw-la facere_fw-la debent_fw-la in_fw-la pleno_fw-la folcmote_a fidelitatem_fw-la domino_fw-la regi_fw-la coram_fw-la episcopis_fw-la regm_n hanc_fw-la legem_fw-la invenit_fw-la arthuruâ—_n qui_fw-fr quoadam_n suis_fw-la inclytissimus_fw-la rex_fw-la brytonum_fw-la &_o ita_fw-la consolidavit_fw-la &_o confoederavit_fw-la regnuâ—n_fw-la britanniae_fw-la universum_fw-la semper_fw-la in_o unum_fw-la huius_fw-la legis_fw-la authoritate_fw-la expulit_fw-la arthurus_n praedictus_fw-la saracenos_n &_o inimicos_fw-la a_o regno_fw-la lex_fw-la enimista_fw-la diu_fw-la sopita_fw-la fuit_fw-la &_o sepulta_fw-la donec_fw-la edgdrus_n rex_fw-la anglorum_fw-la illam_fw-la excilavit_fw-la etc._n etc._n in_o leg_n 35._o edovardi_fw-la confessoris_fw-la edgar_n by_o which_o he_o labour_v to_o put_v a_o repute_n upon_o they_o for_o edgar_n be_v a_o wife_n and_o prudent_a prince_n and_o do_v urgent_o press_v the_o execution_n of_o they_o so_o that_o king_n edward_n ascribe_v they_o unto_o he_o as_o these_o very_a law_n after_o the_o norman_a conquest_n be_v call_v the_o law_n of_o holy_a king_n edward_n and_o be_v the_o same_o that_o the_o saxon_a king_n before_o edgar_n do_v use_v notwithstanding_o all_o which_o when_o he_o come_v to_o the_o corroboration_n of_o the_o privilege_n and_o immunity_n of_o the_o ancient_a city_n of_o london_n as_o to_o their_o husâ—â—ings_n and_o other_o court_n he_o declare_v the_o antiquity_n of_o they_o to_o be_v far_o great_a than_o the_o reign_n of_o king_n edgar_n and_o i_o believe_v be_v coetanious_a with_o the_o ancient_a british_a law_n if_o we_o shall_v grant_v and_o allow_v the_o same_o antiquity_n to_o town_n and_o city_n with_o the_o first_o plant_n of_o the_o isle_n he_o say_v debet_fw-la etiam_fw-la in_o london_n quae_fw-la est_fw-la caput_fw-la regni_fw-la &_o legum_n semper_fw-la curia_fw-la domini_fw-la regius_fw-la singulis_fw-la septimanis_fw-la die_fw-la lunae_fw-la hustengis_fw-la sedere_fw-la &_o 〈◊〉_d â—â—nd_v at_o a_o enim_fw-la erat_fw-la olim_fw-la &_o aedisicata_fw-la ad_fw-la instar_fw-la &_o ad_fw-la â—â—â—dum_fw-la &_o in_o memoriom_n veteris_fw-la magnae_fw-la trojae_fw-la &_o ufque_n in_o bodiernum_fw-la diem_fw-la leges_fw-la &_o jura_fw-la &_o dignitates_fw-la libertates_fw-la regiasque_fw-la consuetudines_fw-la untiquae_fw-la magnae_fw-la trojae_fw-la in_o se_fw-la continet_fw-la &_o consuetudines_fw-la svas_fw-la una_fw-la semper_fw-la inviolabilitate_fw-la coâ—servat_fw-la here_o i_o shall_v observe_v that_o as_o well_o as_o london_n enjoy_v her_o privilege_n and_o immunity_n not_o at_o all_o infringe_v from_o so_o great_a antiquity_n notwithstanding_o the_o several_a revolution_n under_o the_o dominion_n of_o the_o roman_n saxon_n and_o dane_n other_o place_n of_o the_o same_o island_n may_v also_o probable_o enjoy_v the_o same_o favour_n and_o hold_v their_o custom_n law_n and_o tenor_n from_o as_o great_a antiquity_n but_o i_o have_v do_v with_o this_o revolution_n let_v we_o now_o inquire_v what_o probability_n we_o have_v to_o believe_v that_o chap._n iu._n william_n the_o conqueror_n alter_v not_o but_o confirm_v the_o saxon_a law_n the_o antiquity_n and_o different_a use_n of_o juries_n english_a claim_n and_o recover_v their_o land_n by_o law_n against_o the_o norman_n of_o our_o common_a law_n our_o custom_n forfeiture_n seal_v coverfeu_n exchequer_n fashion_n language_n write_v manner_n of_o fights_z fortification_n and_o building_n have_v pass_v through_o these_o mist_n and_o cloud_n of_o elder_a time_n let_v we_o now_o come_v to_o see_v what_o loss_n or_o alteration_n in_o relation_n to_o our_o law_n and_o custom_n we_o receive_v by_o the_o haereditatis_fw-la the_o the_o denomination_n here_o of_o william_n the_o first_o by_o conquestor_n or_o conqueror_n and_o this_o the_o norman_a conquest_n have_v stumble_v many_o look_v upon_o it_o as_o if_o it_o carry_v with_o it_o the_o enslave_v of_o the_o eaglish_a by_o his_o victorious_a success_n over_o harald_n and_o so_o be_v loath_a to_o afford_v it_o any_o courteous_a reception_n
britain_n fol._n 14_o repulse_v by_o the_o britain_n ibid._n he_o conquer_a not_o britain_n ibid._n calumniare_fw-la in_o law_n what_o fol._n 65_o camolodunum_n fol._n 34_o cambria_n camber_n cwmrt_n cwmraeg_n fol._n 86_o cantref_n what_o fol._n 96_o canutus_n his_o law_n of_o partition_n fol._n 141_o 142_o 143_o caractacus_n prince_n of_o the_o silures_n fol._n 34_o he_o assert_v the_o british_a liberty_n ibid._n his_o protestation_n before_o battle_n ibid._n castle_n on_o border_n of_o scotland_n etc._n etc._n fol._n 79_o cattle_n of_o more_o value_v than_o land_n fol._n 28_o cattle_n dischage_v fine_n &_o amerciament_n fol._n 29_o cerdiford_n in_o hampshire_n out_o of_o domesdey_n fol._n 65_o cennedl_n what_o fol._n 132_o character_n of_o saxon_a fol._n 76_o charter_n of_o saxon_a sign_v by_o the_o norman_a king_n fol._n 76_o change_n from_o villeinage_n to_o gavelkind_n fol._n 157_o 158_o chief_a justice_n fol._n 69_o chief_n in_o urchenfield_n fol._n 110_o chedder_n in_o somersetshire_n fol._n 117_o child_n no_o kindred_n to_o the_o parent_n fol._n 131_o churl_n what_o fol._n 168_o city_n their_o original_a fol._n 7_o claudius_n his_o temple_n fol._n 34_o claim_v and_o recovery_n of_o land_n against_o norman_n fol._n 65_o clergyman_n gentleman_n by_o the_o welsh_a law_n fol._n 173_o clown_n or_o colonus_n what_o fol._n 168_o 177_o cohabitancia_n what_o fol._n 7_o conan_n tindaethwy_n fol._n 26_o conquest_n and_o conqueror_n what_o fol._n 56_o coverfeu_n fol._n 74_o constantine_n the_o great_a fol._n 87_o common_a law_n fol._n 69_o 145_o county_n not_o ancient_o in_o wales_n fol._n 94_o competition_n betwixt_o kent_n and_o urchenfield_n fol._n 106_o cornish_a understand_v base_a british_a and_o welsh_a fol._n 146_o cottager_n and_o cottage_n what_o fol._n 169_o cuntune_v in_o hampshire_n fol._n 66_o custom_n that_o be_v ancient_a fol._n 70_o 150_o custom_n of_o the_o welsh_a fol._n 71_o 132_o cwmmwd_n what_o fol._n 96_o custom_n and_o common_a right_a fol._n 152_o d._n d._n davies_n his_o welsh_a dictionary_n fol._n 98_o danelaege_n what_o fol._n 54_o 57_o 58_o danish_a impression_n on_o our_o law_n fol._n 54_o 55_o daniel_n samuel_n examine_v fol._n 57_o deed_n for_o gavelkind_a fol._n 124_o 125_o 126_o deed_n explain_v produce_v by_o mr._n s._n ibid._n discourse_n polemical_a much_o irregular_a fol._n 3_o division_n intestine_a facilitate_v conquest_n fol._n 16_o division_n of_o wales_n fol._n 96_o domboc_n what_o fol._n 53_o 54_o domesman_n what_o fol._n 110_o 111_o donald_n the_o 5_o lose_a scotland_n to_o the_o saxon_n etc._n etc._n fol._n 163_o 164_o ðâ—pihinge_n what_o fol._n 70_o druid_n fol._n 16_o the_o british_a judge_n fol._n 17_o their_o learning_n ibid._n their_o judicial_a employment_n ibid._n their_o determination_n of_o right_a ibid._n cause_v execution_n of_o penal_a law_n ibid._n britain_n their_o gymnasium_n fol._n 17_o they_o cease_v fol._n 19_o dubritius_fw-la prince_n and_o bishop_n fol._n 90_o dûn_n what_o it_o signify_v fol._n 116_o dun_n a_o paix_fw-fr in_o scotland_n fol._n 165_o 166_o dutch_a landscheuten_n what_o fol._n 136_o 137_o e._n edgar_z king_n his_o law_n what_o fol._n 54_o 55_o confirm_v by_o the_o conqueror_n fol._n 58_o edgar_n etheling_n fol._n 60_o edlin_n expound_v fol._n 49_o edward_n king_n his_o law_n fol._n 55_o confirm_v by_o the_o conqueror_n fol._n 58_o 59_o edward_n king_n his_o law_n concern_v the_o welsh_a fol._n 51_o 52_o edwin_n and_o morchar_n earl_n fol._n 6â—_n edric_n silvaticus_n or_o savage_a fol._n 7â—_n elder_a son_n among_o the_o britain_n fol._n 49_o english_a recover_v land_n against_o the_o norman_n fol._n 65_o 66_o english_a normanize_v fol._n 76_o england_n fol._n 87_o english_a settle_v in_o scotland_n fol._n 162_o engine_n or_o urchinfield_n their_o king_n fol._n 44_o 45_o error_n once_o receive_v and_o take_v for_o grant_v fol._n 2_o erdisley_n in_o herefordshire_n fol._n 79_o escuage_z ancient_o fol._n 171_o ethelbert_n king_n his_o translation_n of_o the_o welsh_a law_n fol._n 53_o ethelred_n king_n his_o law_n of_o trial_n fol._n 64_o eubages_fw-la british_a philosopher_n fol._n 20_o exchequer_n when_o erect_v fol._n 74_o f._n fashion_n saxon_a and_o norman_a fol._n 74_o 75_o fealty_n or_o allegiance_n very_o ancient_a fol._n 55_o fee_n feudum_fw-la or_o feodum_fw-la what_o fol._n 170_o 171._o fee-tayl_n its_o original_a fol._n 170_o feminine_a conduct_n among_o the_o britain_n fol._n 33_o feofamentum_fw-la vetus_fw-la &_o novum_fw-la fol._n 140_o fight_a form_n change_v by_o the_o english_a fol._n 77_o for-gavel_a fol._n 118_o fortification_n of_o roman_n saxon_n and_o norman_n fol._n 77_o 78_o 79_o forfeiture_n of_o land_n upon_o what_o ground_n to_o king_n william_n fol._n 67_o 68_o fortalices_fw-la fol._n 79_o fortify_v house_n ancient_a ib._n foster-children_n in_o wales_n divide_v with_o foster-brethren_n fol._n 28_o freeman_n or_o liberi_fw-la homines_fw-la what_o fol._n 108_o french_a do_v use_v partition_n fol._n 11_o french_a tenure_n of_o partition_n fol._n 12_o french_a how_o use_v in_o our_o law_n fol._n 69_o g._n gable_n gablum_fw-la gabulum_fw-la what_o fol._n 113_o 114_o 115_o gabelle_n among_o the_o french_a fol._n 114_o gablum_fw-la signify_v rend_v fol._n 116_o 117_o 158_o 159_o gablatores_fw-la fol._n 117_o gabella_n fol._n 123_o galfridus_n monumethensis_fw-la defend_v against_o polydore_n virgil_n fol._n 83_o gallic_a custom_n fol._n 11_o gallic_a colony_n fol._n 12_o gavel_n as_o mr._n s._n expound_v it_o what_o fol._n 112_o gavel-gyldam_a fol._n 119_o gavel-man_n fol._n 120_o gavelate_v a_o writ_n fol._n 121_o 122_o 123_o gavel_n in_o denomination_n fol._n 89_o 90_o in_o the_o british_a dictionary_n fol._n 92_o what_o it_o signify_v fol._n 92_o 93_o not_o impose_v by_o the_o norman_n fol._n 95_o use_v in_o welsh_a subdivision_n of_o land_n fol._n 96_o several_a sort_n of_o gavel_n fol._n 102_o 103_o welsh_a law_n for_o gavelkynd_n fol._n 103_o 104_o 105_o 106_o gavelkynd_n a_o mark_n of_o the_o ancient_n briton_n fol._n 152_o 153_o the_o hinge_n of_o the_o british_a law_n fol._n 155_o 156_o gavelkind_n in_o scotland_n fol._n 159_o gavelkind_n throughout_o the_o kingdom_n of_o england_n fol._n 4_o in_o all_o first_o plantation_n fol._n 5_o antiquity_n of_o it_o fol._n 18_o 137_o among_o the_o prince_n of_o wales_n fol._n 24_o the_o signification_n of_o it_o fol._n 26_o the_o evil_a and_o mischief_n of_o it_o fol._n 27_o 81._o the_o best_a use_n of_o it_o fol._n 27_o that_o it_o be_v extra_fw-la cantium_n fol._n 89_o 151_o gavelkind_n in_o the_o term_n owe_v itself_o to_o partition_n fol._n 149_o gavelkind_n in_o the_o statute_n of_o wales_n fol._n 98_o practise_v in_o urchenfield_n fol._n 100_o hold_v rend_v free_a fol._n 123_o 124_o gavel-kind_n land_n in_o the_o king_n fol._n 128_o grant_v to_o hospital_n how_o fol._n 124_o 128_o 129_o grant_v to_o religious_a society_n fol._n 129_o not_o to_o be_v forfeit_v for_o felony_n fol._n 106_o 107_o garrison_n of_o norman_n in_o hereford_n before_o william_n the_o first_o fol._n 78_o gentleman_n by_o the_o british_a law_n fol._n 172_o 173_o german_a custom_n ancient_o fol._n 7_o german_a partition_n in_o principality_n fol._n 9_o 137_o german_a partition_n in_o private_a estate_n fol._n 9_o german_a partition_n evict_v by_o a_o jest_n fol._n 9_o 10_o german_a landscheutan_n what_o fol._n 136_o 137_o give-all-kynne_n fol._n 130_o 131_o gildas_n camberius_n translate_v molmutius_n law_n into_o latin_a fol._n 154_o glamorganshire_n conquer_a fol._n 94_o gothick_n work_v use_v by_o the_o saxon_n fol._n 80_o guorongus_n viceroy_n of_o kent_n fol._n 41_o gueily-gord_a what_o fol._n 105_o gymnasium_n of_o the_o druid_n be_v in_o britain_n fol._n 17_o h._n hacana_n and_o westanheconi_n what_o fol._n 44_o 45_o hecanae_n wulfhardus_fw-la episcopus_fw-la fol._n 44_o hengist_n and_o horsus_n fol._n 37_o hengists_n reception_n of_o kent_n examine_v fol._n 37_o etc._n etc._n how_o hengist_n have_v kent_n fol._n 45_o he_o alter_v not_o the_o kentish_a law_n fol._n 49_o heutland_n fol._n 90_o henry_n the_o first_o command_v the_o observation_n of_o king_n edward_n law_n fol._n 61_o his_o law_n of_o partition_n fol._n 144_o hereditary_a succession_n among_o the_o britain_n fol._n 18_o heriot_n fol._n 108_o herring-gable_n fol._n 116_o highlander_n in_o scotland_n ancient_o britain_n fol._n 160_o hony-gavel_a fol._n 118_o howeldha_n fol._n 25_o he_o make_v not_o the_o welsh_a law_n fol._n 153_o 154_o when_o those_o law_n ascribe_v to_o he_o be_v compile_v fol._n 97_o hugo_n the_o port_n against_o picot_n fol._n 66_o 67_o i._n i_o arsey_n isle_n fol._n 11._o 95_o no_o venomous_a creature_n therein_o ibid._n ina_n king_n his_o law_n concern_v the_o welsh_a fol._n 50_o 51._o 64_o joseph_n of_o arimathea_n fol._n 32_o irish_a rhein-taloon_a or_o partition_n fol._n 99_o irish_a and_o welsh_a one_o language_n original_o fol._n 145_o irish_a and_o british_a law_n agree_v fol._n 153_o irish_a understand_v the_o manc_n and_o highland_n language_n fol._n 146_o ireland_n
coronatus_n est_fw-la in_o regem_fw-la de_fw-fr wight_n manu_fw-la regius_fw-la &_o paulo_fw-la post_fw-la quemadmodum_fw-la richardus_fw-la rex_fw-la secuadus_fw-la cum_fw-la robertum_fw-la comitem_fw-la oxoniae_fw-la qui_fw-la &_o marchiâ—_n dubliniae_fw-la &_o dux_n hiberniae_fw-la fait_fw-fr regem_fw-la hiberniae_fw-la creare_fw-la destinarat_fw-la se_fw-la interea_fw-la insulam_fw-la illam_fw-la non_fw-la minore_fw-la quam_fw-la regis_fw-la tametsi_fw-la domini_fw-la nomen_fw-la tunc_fw-la uti_fw-la etiam_fw-la usque_fw-la ad_fw-la henrici_fw-la octavi_fw-la tempora_fw-la posteriora_fw-la regis_fw-la ibi_fw-la vicem_fw-la omnina_fw-la suppleret_fw-la titulo_fw-la ac_fw-la dignitate_fw-la possidere_fw-la proculdubio_fw-la non_fw-la dubitavit_fw-la by_o which_o custom_n bring_v down_o so_o near_o our_o age_n and_o deduce_v from_o the_o practice_n of_o ancient_a time_n it_o be_v no_o wonder_n that_o we_o find_v so_o many_o in_o several_a age_n dignify_v with_o that_o title_n either_o as_o a_o especial_a mark_n of_o honour_n or_o by_o the_o privilege_n of_o descent_n as_o the_o earl_n of_o derby_n at_o this_o present_a be_v with_o the_o title_n of_o king_n in_o man._n be_v a_o ancient_a custom_n among_o the_o britain_n and_o after_o they_o of_o the_o saxon_n to_o give_v the_o title_n of_o reguli_fw-la to_o all_o lord_n that_o have_v the_o charge_n and_o custody_n of_o ditch_n of_o from_o this_o it_o be_v that_o in_o the_o time_n of_o rich._n 2._o come_v up_o first_o the_o title_n of_o marquess_n which_o be_v a_o governor_n of_o the_o march_n for_o before_o time_n those_o that_o govern_v the_o march_n be_v call_v common_o lord_n marcher_n and_o not_o marquess_n as_o judge_v dodaridge_n have_v observe_v in_o his_o law_n of_o nobility_n and_o peerage_n under_o the_o title_n of_o marquess_n pag_n 31._o where_n in_o that_o chapter_n he_o also_o add_v this_o paragraph_n well_o worth_a the_o read_n after_o the_o norman_n have_v conquer_v this_o land_n it_o be_v careful_o observe_v by_o they_o as_o a_o matter_n of_o much_o moment_n and_o a_o point_n of_o special_a policy_n to_o place_n upon_o the_o confine_n and_o border_n of_o the_o britain_n or_o welsh_n etc._n etc._n not_o then_o subdue_v man_n of_o much_o valour_n not_o only_o sufficient_o able_a to_o encounter_v the_o inroad_n and_o invasion_n of_o the_o enemy_n but_o also_o willing_a to_o make_v onset_n of_o they_o and_o enlarge_v the_o conquest_n these_o man_n thus_o place_v be_v of_o high_a blood_n credit_n and_o countenance_n among_o their_o countryman_n the_o norman_n and_o in_o who_o faith_n and_o power_n the_o conquetor_n repose_v special_a confidence_n and_o trust_n and_o therefore_o in_o their_o territory_n give_v unto_o they_o to_o hold_v their_o tenor_n be_v devise_v to_o be_v very_o special_a and_o of_o great_a importance_n and_o their_o honour_n enrich_v with_o the_o name_n and_o privilege_n of_o earl_n of_o chester_n and_o for_o the_o north-border_n of_o wales_n create_v to_o be_v a_o county_n palatine_n and_o the_o baron_n of_o the_o middle_a port_n of_o the_o south_n march_n be_v adorn_v in_o a_o manner_n with_o a_o palatine_a jutisdiction_n have_v a_o court_n of_o chancery_n and_o writ_n only_o among_o themselves_o pleadable_a to_o the_o intent_n that_o their_o attendance_n may_v not_o thence_o be_v drive_v for_o the_o prosecution_n of_o controversy_n and_o quarrel_n in_o the_o law_n and_o as_o for_o the_o other_o part_n of_o the_o south_n march_n they_o seem_v sufficient_o fence_v with_o the_o river_n of_o severn_n and_o the_o sea_n my_o business_n have_v be_v to_o make_v it_o probable_a that_o these_o reguli_fw-la be_v lord_n of_o march_n and_o limit_n long_o before_o the_o norman_a conquest_n to_o which_o i_o refer_v you_o neither_o be_v those_o welsh_a limit_n fence_v by_o severn_n but_o for_o many_o hundred_o of_o year_n by_o offa_n his_o ditch_n march_n and_o limit_n the_o name_n of_o many_o honour_a with_o that_o title_n i_o can_v show_v especial_o such_o as_o be_v custodes_fw-la or_o keeper_n of_o that_o famous_a limit_v betwixt_o the_o mercian_n and_o britain_n set_v out_o by_o that_o renown_a ditch_n which_o offa_n the_o king_n of_o mercia_n draw_v a_o memorial_n of_o some_o of_o they_o out_o of_o a_o ancient_a author_n ancient_a hist_o m_n s._n penes_fw-la author_n m_n s._n chronicle_n that_o i_o have_v i_o shall_v exhibit_v wherein_o such_o person_n be_v not_o only_o call_v reguli_fw-la but_o also_o reges_a penda_fw-la say_v this_o anonymous_n author_n do_v spread_v his_o kingdom_n of_o mercia_n very_o far_o about_o the_o year_n of_o christ_n 620._o for_o he_o slay_v in_o battle_n two_o king_n of_o northumberland_n saint_n edwin_n and_o saint_n oswald_n and_o three_o king_n of_o the_o eastangle_v egric_fw-la st._n sigebert_n &_o anna._n the_o say_v penda_n have_v by_o his_o queen_n kineswith_n sive_fw-la son_n wolfer_n saint_n ethelred_n saint_n merewald_n saint_n mercelin_n and_o one_o other_o this_o without_o a_o name_n in_o this_o place_n be_v his_o elder_a son_n peada_n and_o two_o daughter_n saint_n kynesburg_n and_o kyneswith_n he_o reign_v 30_o year_n wulpher_n be_v the_o first_o king_n of_o the_o mercian_n that_o receive_v the_o faith_n of_o christ_n and_o he_o marry_v st._n ermenild_a the_o daughter_n of_o ercombert_n king_n of_o kent_n by_o his_o queen_n st._n sexburge_n germanus_n vero_fw-la ipsius_fw-la westanheconorum_fw-la rex_fw-la sanctus_n merewoldus_n marry_v st._n ermenburg_n the_o daughter_n of_o ermenred_n the_o king_n brother_n of_o the_o say_v ercombert_n and_o by_o she_o have_v three_o daughter_n all_o of_o they_o saint_n two_o of_o their_o name_n be_v milburg_n and_o mildrith_n and_o one_o son_n st._n merimnus_n who_o be_v dead_a his_o uncle_n st._n mercelin_n do_v reign_v in_o his_o stead_n here_o be_v several_a king_n who_o name_n you_o will_v hardly_o find_v in_o the_o chronicle_n but_o bodl._n but_o m_o s._n vol._n 4._o in_o biblioth_n bodl._n leland_n in_o his_o itinerary_n report_v out_o of_o some_o book_n in_o his_o time_n find_v in_o religious_a house_n that_o this_o merewaldus_n who_o he_o call_v king_n of_o the_o march_n build_v a_o monastery_n for_o nun_n at_o lempster_n which_o in_o the_o britsh_fw-mi be_v call_v lian-llieni_a lleian_n signify_v virgo_fw-la vestalis_fw-la sanctimontalis_n in_o english_a the_o church_n of_o nun_n and_o endow_v it_o with_o all_o the_o land_n thereabouts_o save_v only_o the_o lordship_n now_o caulid_a kingesland_n after_o these_o succession_n in_o this_o small_a kingdom_n i_o find_v one_o ethelmund_n be_v also_o king_n of_o the_o west_n anheconi_fw-fr who_o be_v the_o inhabitant_n of_o the_o northwest_n part_n of_o herefordshire_n certain_a to_o be_v so_o not_o only_o by_o the_o place_n mention_v in_o that_o tract_n of_o land_n but_o for_o that_o i_o find_v one_o wlfhard_n who_o by_o bishop_n godwin_n be_v doubtless_o mistake_v to_o be_v put_v as_o successor_n to_o utellus_fw-la but_o shall_v have_v his_o place_n betwixt_o podda_n and_o ecca_n bishop_n of_o hereford_n in_o his_o sign_v to_o the_o charter_n grant_v to_o the_o abbey_n of_o winchelcomb_n anno_fw-la dom._n 811._o write_v himself_o thus_o 127._o monast_n angl._n pag._n 127._o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d ego_fw-la wulfhardus_fw-la hecanae_n quae_fw-la nunc_fw-la herefordiensis_fw-la dicitur_fw-la episcopus_fw-la consensi_fw-la &_o subscripsi_fw-la and_o math._n of_o westminster_n write_v that_o he_o be_v bishop_n of_o hereford_n in_o the_o year_n of_o our_o lord_n 765._o at_o that_o time_n when_o offa_n king_n of_o mercia_n procure_v of_o pope_n adrian_n a_o archbishop_n seat_n at_o lichfield_n many_o other_o reguli_fw-la be_v in_o these_o merche_n for_o they_o do_v consist_v of_o several_a frontier_n jurisdiction_n i_o have_v find_v some_o very_a ancient_a as_o of_o pibanus_n king_n of_o ergin_n now_o urchinfeld_n the_o grandfather_n of_o st._n dubritius_fw-la the_o archhishop_n of_o caerleon_n in_o the_o reign_n of_o king_n arthur_n of_o one_o gorvodius_n king_n of_o the_o same_o place_n after_o he_o but_o i_o can_v let_v pass_n that_o which_o i_o find_v in_o a_o record_n transcribe_v into_o a_o register_n book_n of_o one_o of_o the_o bishop_n of_o hereford_n certify_v as_o i_o guess_v from_o innocent_a the_o three_o concern_v a_o donation_n to_o the_o church_n of_o hereford_n wherein_o the_o donor_n be_v term_v regulus_n his_o name_n at_o present_a i_o do_v not_o remember_v but_o reforr_n it_o to_o another_o place_n he_o be_v say_v to_o fortify_v his_o gift_n to_o the_o church_n in_o it_o to_o be_v in_o plena_fw-la regius_fw-la potestate_fw-la milfrith_n the_o principal_a benefactor_n if_o not_o founder_n of_o the_o minster_n at_o hereford_n be_v denominate_v sometime_o regulus_n sometime_o rex_fw-la four_o reguli_fw-la in_o kent_n at_o one_o and_o the_o same_o time_n witness_v to_o a_o charter_n of_o one_o of_o the_o king_n thereof_o in_o the_o time_n of_o julius_n caesar_n brit._n cambd._n in_o brit._n quatuor_fw-la erant_fw-la reguli_fw-la qui_fw-la cantio_fw-la praeerant_fw-la cingetorix_n carvilius_n taximagulus_n &_o segoâ—ax_n upon_o
whereas_o there_o be_v no_o more_o in_o it_o than_o the_o plain_a acquisition_n or_o get_v of_o this_o realm_n of_o england_n after_o his_o pretence_n from_o king_n edward_n the_o confessor_n be_v make_v know_v as_o in_o the_o follow_a tract_n appear_v by_o the_o constraint_n and_o force_n that_o harald_n put_v he_o unto_o to_o get_v his_o settlement_n by_o battle_n with_o he_o which_o word_n of_o conquest_n be_v to_o this_o day_n familiar_o use_v in_o scotland_n to_o signify_v land_n purchase_v and_o mr._n john_n skene_n say_v upon_o the_o word_n that_o conquestus_fw-la signify_v land_n quhilk_n any_o person_n acquiris_fw-la &_o possessis_fw-la privato_fw-la jure_fw-la vel_fw-la singulari_fw-la titulo_fw-la velâ—ti_fw-la donatione_fw-la vel_fw-la singulari_fw-la aliquo_fw-la contractu_fw-la quhilk_n be_v conform_v to_o the_o civil_a law_n ubi_fw-la quae_fw-la stus_fw-la dicitur_fw-la lucrum_fw-la quod_fw-la ex_fw-la emptione_n venditione_n locatione_fw-la conductione_n vel_fw-la generaliter_fw-la ex_fw-la opera_fw-la cu_z jus_o descendit_fw-la l._n coiri_fw-la 7._o cum_fw-la seq_fw-la ff_n pro_fw-la socio_fw-la and_o further_o write_v of_o land_n so_o purchase_v conclude_v conquestus_fw-la dicitur_fw-la ratione_fw-la primi_fw-la conquestoris_fw-la &_o cum_fw-la transmittitur_fw-la ad_fw-la ejus_fw-la haeredem_fw-la exuit_fw-la naturam_fw-la conquestus_fw-la &_o induit_fw-la naturam_fw-la haereditatis_fw-la norman_a conquest_n concern_v which_o also_o we_o have_v so_o great_a a_o plenty_n of_o writer_n that_o they_o almost_o extinguish_v the_o truth_n with_o their_o comment_n and_o conceit_n all_o the_o alteration_n imaginable_a be_v father_v upon_o this_o revolution_n and_o sum_v up_o by_o mr._n samuel_n daniel_n in_o these_o word_n i_o come_v to_o write_v of_o a_o time_n mean_v this_o norman_a affair_n wherein_o the_o state_n of_o england_n receive_v a_o alteration_n of_o law_n custom_n fashion_n manner_n of_o live_v language_n write_v with_o new_a form_n of_o fight_v fortification_n building_n and_o general_o a_o innovation_n in_o most_o thing_n but_o religion_n i_o make_v choice_n of_o this_o paragraph_n of_o so_o elegant_a a_o author_n as_o mr._n daniel_n who_o have_v deserve_v very_o well_o from_o the_o commonwealth_n of_o learning_n for_o his_o ingenuous_a observation_n to_o examine_v the_o particular_n of_o this_o great_a mutation_n so_o general_o imagine_v which_o enumeration_n will_v also_o afford_v we_o the_o method_n of_o our_o discourse_n concern_v that_o which_o happen_v to_o the_o english_a at_o that_o time_n and_o first_o of_o all_o concern_v the_o alteration_n of_o our_o law_n which_o be_v the_o principal_a matter_n of_o our_o enquiry_n of_o which_o among_o many_o mr._n camden_n himself_o have_v thus_o write_v victor_n gulielmus_fw-la in_o victoriae_fw-la quasi_fw-la trophaeum_fw-la antiquatis_fw-la pro_fw-la maximâ_fw-la parte_fw-la anglorum_fw-la legibus_fw-la normanniae_fw-la consuetudines_fw-la induxit_fw-la causasque_fw-la gallicè_fw-la disceptari_fw-la jussit_fw-la yet_o present_o add_v propositis_fw-la igitur_fw-la legibus_fw-la anglicanis_fw-la merchenlage_n danelage_n &_o westsaxenlage_n quasdam_fw-la reprobavit_fw-la quasdam_fw-la autem_fw-la approbans_fw-la transmarinas_fw-la neustriae_fw-la leges_fw-la quae_fw-la ad_fw-la regni_fw-la pacem_fw-la tuendam_fw-la efficacissimae_fw-la videbantur_fw-la adjecit_fw-la but_o to_o evince_v this_o let_v we_o have_v recourse_n as_o near_o as_o we_o can_v to_o the_o author_n that_o be_v of_o that_o age_n and_o serious_o weigh_v what_o they_o deliver_v unto_o we_o concern_v this_o matter_n mr._n selden_n our_o of_o the_o litchfield_n chronicle_n cite_v also_o by_o my_o very_o much_o honour_a friend_n and_o incourager_n sir_n roger_n twysden_n introduce_v these_o word_n anno_fw-la gulielmus_fw-la regni_fw-la svi_fw-la quarto_fw-la apud_fw-la londonias_fw-la consilio_fw-la baronum_fw-la suorum_fw-la fecit_fw-la summoniri_fw-la per_fw-la universos_fw-la angliae_fw-la comitatus_fw-la omnes_fw-la nobiles_fw-la sapientes_fw-la &_o sva_fw-la lege_fw-la eruditos_fw-la ut_fw-la eorum_fw-la leges_fw-la &_o consuetudines_fw-la audiret_fw-la et_fw-la licet_fw-la idem_fw-la rex_fw-la willielmus_fw-la leges_fw-la northfolktae_fw-la &_o suffolkiae_fw-la grantbrigiae_fw-la &_o deirae_n ubi_fw-la quondam_a maxima_fw-la pars_fw-la danorum_fw-la &_o norwegiensium_fw-la inhabitabant_fw-la prius_fw-la magis_fw-la approbaverat_fw-la &_o eas_fw-la per_fw-la totum_fw-la regnum_fw-la observari_fw-la praeceperat_fw-la pro_fw-la eo_fw-la quod_fw-la omnes_fw-la antecessores_fw-la ejâ—s_fw-la &_o fere_n omnes_fw-la barones_n normanniae_fw-la norwegenses_n extitissent_fw-la &_o quod_fw-la de_fw-la norwegia_fw-la olim_fw-la venissent_fw-la sed_fw-la postea_fw-la ad_fw-la preces_fw-la communitatis_fw-la anglorum_fw-la rex_fw-la adquievit_fw-la qui_fw-la deprecati_fw-la sunt_fw-la quatenus_fw-la permitteret_fw-la sibi_fw-la leges_fw-la 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the_o name_n but_o what_o refer_v to_o the_o tenure_n of_o partition_n the_o britain_n enjoy_v that_o part_n of_o wales_n in_o the_o saxon_a government_n and_o have_v not_o any_o fix_a impression_n upon_o they_o by_o any_o before_o the_o norman_n who_o over_o this_o county_n at_o last_o stretch_v their_o victorious_a arm_n after_o many_o various_a success_n on_o both_o part_n and_o stout_a defence_n make_v by_o the_o welsh_a for_o their_o land_n and_o propriety_n enjoy_v it_o partly_o by_o force_n and_o partly_o by_o composition_n and_o agreement_n as_o the_o private_a family_n history_n do_v manifest_a which_o i_o have_v see_v for_o there_o be_v several_a â—_z of_o the_o great_a note_n in_o that_o country_n that_o be_v able_a to_o produce_v testimony_n of_o enjoy_v their_o land_n and_o birth_n in_o that_o circuit_n of_o land_n for_o shire_n and_o country_n be_v not_o of_o a_o welsh_a institution_n before_o the_o norman_a conquest_n so_o that_o by_o this_o it_o be_v probable_a they_o 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or_o commot_n which_o as_o i_o say_v before_o confisted_a of_o twelve_o manor_n or_o circuit_n and_o two_o township_n which_o two_o township_n be_v belong_v to_o the_o prince_n through_o out_o each_o commot_n in_o the_o principality_n of_o wales_n for_o in_o the_o person_n of_o this_o howel_n the_o territory_n of_o north-wales_n and_o south-wales_n be_v unite_v as_o himself_o in_o the_o authorens_n the_o m_o s._n penes_fw-la authorens_n prooemium_fw-la of_o his_o law_n do_v declare_v this_o gavel_n in_o the_o description_n aforesaid_a seem_v to_o be_v a_o large_a apportionment_n of_o land_n belong_v to_o a_o report_n a_o which_o by_o the_o irish_a be_v call_v canfimiy_n and_o be_v the_o chief_a of_o their_o gavel_n or_o rhin-taloon_a see_v davies_n his_o irish_a report_n pen-cennedl_a or_o chief_a of_o a_o family_n or_o clan_n and_o do_v per_fw-la eminentiam_fw-la signify_v the_o tenure_n that_o be_v to_o say_v their_o gavel_n this_o be_v only_o or_o at_o the_o least_o most_o notable_o 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proper_o call_v villein-service_n have_v be_v as_o they_o still_o be_v intermit_v or_o rather_o quite_o cease_v insomuch_o as_o all_o our_o gavel-kynd-land_n in_o point_n of_o service_n now_o differ_v nothing_o from_o free_a socage_n be_v such_o ubi_fw-la fit_a servitium_fw-la in_o denariis_fw-la that_o there_o be_v change_n out_o of_o villeinage_n tenor_n into_o other_o more_o free_a and_o less_o servile_a be_v frequent_o to_o be_v find_v but_o by_o that_o to_o lay_v any_o force_n upon_o the_o in_o erpretation_n or_o etymologye_n of_o the_o word_n or_o that_o upon_o the_o account_n of_o those_o citation_n bring_v in_o by_o mr._n s._n it_o shall_v signify_v genus_fw-la gabli_fw-la aut_fw-la redditus_fw-la because_o there_o be_v a_o tent_n fix_v upon_o the_o change_n i_o can_v yield_v unto_o it_o to_o what_o he_o observe_v in_o his_o 59_o page_n out_o of_o the_o customal_n of_o eastry_n manor_n in_o kent_n of_o the_o change_a octo_fw-la cotarii_fw-la pro_fw-la gavel-kende_a since_o that_o gavel-kind_n in_o kent_n be_v receive_v as_o a_o tenure_n far_o less_o servile_a than_o their_o ordinary_a villeinage_n this_o change_n i_o say_v be_v very_o considerable_a and_o do_v well_o deserve_v a_o sum_n of_o money_n in_o gersum_fw-la to_o the_o lord_n for_o that_o these_o cotarii_fw-la before_o this_o change_n be_v by_o tenure_n villein_n and_o so_o consequent_o their_o land_n not_o descendable_a to_o their_o child_n their_o person_n not_o scarce_o their_o own_o their_o acquisition_n get_v by_o the_o sweat_n of_o their_o brow_n at_o the_o will_n of_o the_o lord_n by_o this_o change_n these_o cotarii_fw-la be_v invest_v into_o a_o propriety_n of_o this_o land_n and_o this_o land_n make_v to_o descend_v as_o in_o gavelkind_n the_o mutation_n be_v very_o advantageous_a to_o the_o occupant_a but_o yet_o there_o appear_v somewhat_o further_o to_o i_o to_o confirm_v my_o affirmation_n and_o it_o be_v thus_o to_o be_v consider_v mutati_fw-la sunt_fw-la octo_fw-la cotarii_fw-la pro_fw-la gave-kende_a medleferme_fw-la tenet_fw-la unum_fw-la messuagium_fw-la tres_fw-la acras_fw-la quae_fw-la solent_fw-la esse_fw-la cotar_n modo_fw-la reddit_fw-la xl._n den_n de_fw-mi gablo_fw-mi these_o cotarii_fw-la have_v their_o land_n change_v into_o gavel-kend_a &_o medleferm_fw-la tenet_fw-la unum_fw-la messuagium_fw-la que_fw-la solent_fw-la esse_fw-la cotarii_fw-la modo_fw-la reddit_fw-la xl._n den_n de_fw-mi gablo_fw-mi they_o be_v change_v into_o the_o tenure_n of_o gavelkind_n and_o pay_v rend_v xl._n den_n de_fw-mi gablo_fw-mi this_o last_o notwithstanding_o the_o propinquity_n of_o sound_n can_v have_v any_o relation_n to_o gavel-kende_a for_o than_o it_o have_v be_v a_o tautology_n but_o gavel-kind_n and_o gablum_fw-la be_v set_v forth_o into_o different_a and_o distinct_a use_n the_o tenure_n be_v change_v into_o gavel-kind_n with_o the_o reservation_n of_o a_o annual_a rent_n of_o xl._n den_n de_fw-mi gablo_fw-mi that_o be_v to_o say_v upon_o the_o account_n of_o that_o imposition_n make_v at_o the_o agreement_n by_o way_n of_o acknowledgement_n for_o create_v this_o land_n gavel-kind-land_n the_o last_o have_v relation_n to_o the_o rent_n reserve_v and_o the_o acknowledgement_n the_o other_o to_o the_o manner_n of_o hold_v in_o relation_n to_o the_o change_n and_o to_o the_o future_a descent_n so_o likewise_o be_v that_o other_o citation_n out_o of_o the_o archbishop_n accompt-roll_n in_o the_o year_n 1230._o where_n it_o be_v thus_o enter_v &_o dâ—_n xiiis._n ivd._n the_o fine_a cotariorum_n ut_fw-la coteriae_fw-la suae_fw-la ponerentur_fw-la adredditum_fw-la that_o be_v to_o say_v that_o their_o cottage_n may_v be_v fix_v and_o certain_a in_o relation_n to_o their_o gable_n or_o reat_n for_o which_o they_o pay_v a_o fine_a whereas_o the_o first_o citation_n have_v relation_n both_o to_o tenure_n and_o rent_n i_o shall_v now_o take_v my_o progress_n northward_o and_o inform_v you_o that_o there_o be_v also_o as_o the_o remainder_n of_o the_o ancient_a planter_n chap._n xvii_o gavel-kind_n in_o scotland_n when_o the_o english_a tongue_n and_o the_o custom_n be_v first_o plant_v in_o scotland_n mr._n s._n in_o his_o 53d._o page_n report_n that_o the_o tenure_n of_o gavelkynd_n in_o other_o country_n beside_o kent_n be_v a_o custom_n indeed_o but_o yet_o like_a to_o that_o in_o scottish_a socage_n land_n to_o which_o he_o produce_v as_o a_o test._n skenaeus_fw-la i_o find_v by_o mr._n s._n that_o gavel-kind_n shall_v be_v permit_v in_o other_o country_n to_o be_v like_a unto_o that_o in_o wales_n like_o that_o in_o ireland_n like_v to_o scottish_a socage-land_n rather_o than_o like_v to_o itself_o or_o to_o the_o same_o etc._n same_o yet_o mr._n john_n skene_n say_v in_o his_o chapter_n de_fw-fr linea_fw-la recta_fw-la descendentium_fw-la thus_o give_v any_o man_n deceasis_n &_o leavis_n behind_o he_o maa_o son_n nor_o one_fw-mi either_o he_o be_v succomaanus_n &_o haldis_n not_o his_o land_n be_v service_n of_o ward_n and_o then_o his_o heretage_n be_v divide_v amang_v all_o his_o son_n or_o he_o be_v mile_n la_o the_o quhilk_fw-mi case_n the_o elder_a son_n succeedis_fw-la in_o the_o haâ—_n land_n quhilk_n heretable_o pertein_v to_o his_o father_n etc._n etc._n what_o the_o manner_n of_o the_o scottish-socageland_a be_v or_o have_v be_v ancient_o in_o scotland_n i_o be_o not_o certain_a but_o of_o this_o i_o be_o assure_v that_o there_o be_v seucral_a manor_n heretofore_o belong_v to_o certain_a bishop_n of_o scotland_n where_o there_o be_v the_o same_o usage_n of_o partition_n of_o land_n as_o in_o gavel-kind_n which_o show_v that_o those_o land_n belong_v in_o those_o ancient_a time_n to_o the_o church_n do_v not_o feel_v the_o severity_n of_o the_o war_n but_o enjoy_v this_o custom_n and_o tenure_n from_o their_o most_o ancient_a proprietor_n which_o be_v also_o plain_o to_o be_v perceive_v by_o the_o retention_n of_o this_o tenure_n yet_o in_o force_n among_o the_o ancient_a britain_n of_o the_o isle_n who_o by_o reason_n of_o their_o site_n be_v most_o free_a from_o the_o fury_n of_o the_o war._n i_o call_v they_o britain_n though_o now_o they_o be_v call_v high-lander_n because_o upon_o trial_n of_o word_n and_o denomination_n of_o place_n i_o find_v that_o language_n and_o the_o british_a so_o coherent_a as_o that_o there_o be_v not_o much_o difference_n between_o they_o to_o a_o serious_a observer_n as_o i_o have_v before_o treat_v consideration_n be_v have_v to_o such_o word_n as_o have_v suffer_v by_o the_o saxon_a converse_n for_o this_o island_n at_o its_o first_o plantation_n do_v certain_o upon_o the_o increase_n of_o family_n who_o first_o settle_v in_o the_o easternmost_a part_n thereof_o remove_v their_o increase_n westward_o and_o northward_o till_o such_o time_n as_o by_o this_o mean_v both_o cornwall_n and_o the_o orcades_n be_v also_o plant_v and_o then_o the_o saxon_n in_o process_n of_o time_n inforce_v the_o britain_n to_o leave_v these_o their_o ancient_a seat_n in_o the_o eastern_a part_n of_o the_o isle_n yet_o not_o all_o as_o i_o show_v before_o who_o retire_v by_o their_o force_n either_o into_o cornwall_n wales_n the_o scottish_a highland_n or_o base_a britainy_a in_o france_n where_o they_o in_o their_o offspring_n do_v occupy_v these_o place_n with_o ireland_n also_o unto_o this_o day_n there_o lie_v a_o large_a island_n name_v lewis_n belong_v to_o the_o earl_n of_o seaforth_n between_o the_o hebrides_n and_o the_o orcade_n which_o whole_o hold_v by_o this_o tenure_n of_o partition_n by_o what_o name_n there_o call_v i_o can_v not_o understand_v for_o their_o language_n there_o be_v irish-british_a but_o if_o according_a to_o mr._n s._n the_o name_n be_v saxon_a in_o its_o original_n what_o hinder_v but_o that_o all_o country_n where_o the_o saxon_a language_n be_v in_o use_n shall_v have_v the_o knowledge_n of_o the_o word_n and_o upon_o this_o ground_n it_o be_v that_o i_o may_v with_o moroprobability_n è_fw-la contra_fw-la infer_v that_o because_o it_o be_v not_o so_o universal_o know_v in_o those_o place_n where_o the_o saxon_a tongue_n be_v speak_v it_o administer_v more_o reason_n to_o believe_v and_o conceive_v it_o shall_v have_v another_o origine_fw-la than_o to_o be_v so_o easy_o lose_v among_o the_o very_a user_n of_o the_o language_n and_o in_o no_o such_o place_n to_o be_v find_v as_o mr._n s._n will_v have_v we_o believe_v but_o within_o the_o sept_n of_o kent_n the_o time_n of_o plant_v the_o saxon_a custom_n in_o scotland_n be_v difficult_a to_o be_v know_v but_o if_o the_o plant_n the_o language_n argue_v any_o probability_n of_o the_o plant_n of_o custom_n then_o we_o have_v best_o make_v the_o time_n of_o the_o plant_n the_o saxon_a tongue_n the_o matter_n of_o our_o enquiry_n thence_o be_v able_a probable_o to_o deduce_v that_o at_o that_o time_n the_o custom_n be_v receive_v for_o it_o be_v far_o otherwise_o in_o the_o saxon_a settlement_n in_o scotland_n than_o in_o england_n for_o here_o they_o plant_v and_o settle_v with_o the_o
board_n or_o table_n and_o cotarii_fw-la be_v cottager_n such_o as_o dwell_v in_o a_o cottage_n 1._o cottage_n anno_fw-la 4._o ed._n 1._o stat._n 1._o that_o be_v to_o say_v a_o house_n without_o land_n belong_v to_o it_o and_o come_v from_o the_o saxon_a word_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d which_o be_v the_o same_o with_o tugurium_fw-la and_o tectum_fw-la in_o latin_a a_o â—egendo_fw-la so_o as_o this_o be_v in_o signification_n a_o cover_n or_o shelter_n because_o those_o small_a habitation_n be_v only_o make_v to_o cover_v they_o from_o the_o sun_n and_o weather_n i_o be_o not_o ignorant_a of_o that_o great_a mistake_n the_o whole_a current_n of_o writer_n have_v run_v into_o those_o who_o work_n have_v be_v publish_v within_o these_o last_o 300_o year_n where_o they_o general_o endeavour_v to_o load_v all_o the_o indignity_n of_o tenor_n of_o servility_n and_o vassalage_n upon_o this_o norman_a change_n i_o deny_v not_o but_o that_o some_o be_v at_o that_o time_n introduce_v especial_o many_o jocular_a tenor_n which_o be_v the_o effect_n of_o private_a contract_n betwixt_o the_o lord_n and_o his_o tenant_n and_o not_o of_o any_o general_a concernment_n but_o hence_o i_o can_v yield_v to_o conclude_v that_o all_o tenor_n of_o servility_n be_v of_o their_o introduction_n mr._n s._n continue_v in_o his_o opinion_n in_o the_o 104_o page_n where_o he_o write_v that_o fee-simple_n fee-tayl_n fee-farm_n grand_a &_o petit_fw-fr serjeanty_n escuage_z burgage_n villeinage_n etc._n etc._n be_v all_o of_o the_o norman_a plantation_n and_o we_o by_o they_o say_v he_o at_o least_o since_o their_o conquest_n of_o we_o bring_v acquaint_v with_o they_o etc._n etc._n perhaps_o those_o compound_n may_v be_v the_o effect_n of_o the_o consultation_n of_o some_o of_o the_o king_n of_o the_o norman_a race_n but_o for_o the_o word_n fee_n minshew_n discourse_v very_o well_o upon_o it_o for_o say_v he_o our_o ancient_a lawyer_n either_o not_o observe_v from_o whence_o the_o word_n grow_v or_o at_o least_o not_o sufficient_o express_v their_o knowledge_n what_o it_o signify_v among_o they_o from_o who_o they_o take_v it_o feudum_fw-la whence_o the_o word_n fief_n or_o fee_n come_v signify_v in_o the_o german_a language_n 107._o language_n in_o like_a manner_n do_v mr._n s._n labour_n to_o deduce_v it_o from_o a_o saxon_a original_a p._n 107._o beneficium_fw-la cujus_fw-la nomine_fw-la opera_fw-la quaedam_fw-la gratiae_fw-la testificandae_fw-la causa_fw-la debentur_fw-la and_o our_o of_o hotoman_n say_v that_o by_o this_o name_n go_v all_o land_n and_o tenement_n that_o be_v hold_v by_o any_o acknowledgement_n of_o any_o superiority_n to_o any_o high_a lord_n so_o be_v all_o the_o land_n in_o england_n except_o the_o crown_n land_n hold_v that_o be_v of_o feudum_n or_o fee_n for_o he_o that_o can_v say_v most_o for_o his_o estute_n say_v but_o this_o seisitus_fw-la inde_fw-la in_o dominico_n meo_fw-la ut_fw-la de_fw-la seudo_fw-la which_o be_v i_o be_o seize_v of_o this_o or_o that_o land_n or_o tenement_n in_o my_o demain_fw-fr as_o of_o fee_n which_o be_v no_o more_o than_o if_o he_o shall_v say_v it_o be_v my_o demain_fw-fr or_o proper_a land_n after_o a_o sort_n because_o it_o be_v to_o i_o and_o my_o heir_n for_o ever_o yet_o not_o simple_o i_o because_o i_o hold_v it_o in_o the_o nature_n of_o a_o benefit_n from_o another_o and_o fee-tayl_n as_o distinguish_v be_v not_o a_o introduction_n of_o the_o norman_n for_o that_o minshew_n observe_v it_o to_o have_v its_o original_a from_o the_o statute_n of_o westm._n 2._o c._n 1._o which_o be_v make_v anno_fw-la 13._o edw._n 1._o the_o word_n feud_n be_v use_v familiar_o to_o this_o day_n in_o the_o high_a and_o low_a germanye_n for_o what_o concerus_a grand_a &_o petit_fw-fr serjeanty_n i_o believe_v the_o word_n to_o be_v french_a and_o so_o introduce_v by_o the_o norman_n to_o express_v those_o service_n that_o be_v due_a to_o the_o king_n of_o england_n before_o the_o conquest_n such_o service_n be_v reserve_v by_o the_o saxon_a king_n the_o service_n of_o escuage_z be_v before_o the_o norman_a conquest_n though_o not_o know_v by_o that_o name_n the_o like_a be_v of_o burgage_n which_o be_v no_o more_o than_o a_o yearly_a rent_n whereby_o man_n of_o city_n and_o burrows_n hold_v their_o land_n or_o tenement_n of_o the_o king_n or_o any_o other_o lord_n which_o be_v in_o use_n before_o the_o conquest_n concern_v villeinage_n mr._n s._n do_v cite_v out_o of_o mr._n lambards_n perambulation_n of_o kent_n in_o mepham_n under_o the_o term_n of_o agenes-land_n this_o as_o a_o very_a ancient_a passage_n which_o have_v be_v enough_o to_o have_v convince_v i_o that_o there_o have_v be_v villain_n before_o the_o norman_a conquest_n and_o it_o be_v this_o et_fw-la si_fw-la villanus_fw-la ita_fw-la crevisset_fw-la sva_fw-la probitate_fw-la quod_fw-la pleniter_fw-la haberet_fw-la quinque_fw-la hidas_fw-la de_fw-la svo_fw-la proprio_fw-la alledio_fw-la etc._n etc._n and_o in_o his_o 114._o page_n cit_v a_o old_a version_n of_o the_o 19_o and_o 21._o of_o king_n ina_n law_n of_o the_o word_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d which_o be_v make_v thereby_o to_o signify_v villanus_fw-la or_o colonus_n and_o it_o be_v convict_v by_o domesdey_n book_n survey_v in_o sudsexe_n thus_o radulfus_n tenet_fw-la de_fw-fr willielmo_n viz._n de_fw-mi warene_n bristelmestune_n brictric_n tenuit_fw-la de_fw-la dono_fw-la godwini_fw-la comitis_fw-la t._n r._n e._n &_o modo_fw-la se_fw-la defendit_fw-la pro_fw-la v._n hide_v &_o dim_a tran_n est_fw-la iii_o car_n in_o dnino_fw-la est_fw-la dimid_n car_fw-fr &_o xviii_o villain_n &_o ix_o bordarii_fw-la cum_fw-la iii_o car_n &_o uno_fw-la servo_fw-la de_fw-fr gablo_fw-mi iv_o milia_fw-la alletium_fw-la in_o eadem_fw-la villa_n tenet_fw-la widardus_fw-la de_fw-fr willo_n vi_o hide_v &_o unam_fw-la vs._n &_o proâ—tanto_fw-la se_fw-la defendit_fw-la tres_n aloarn_v tenuerunt_fw-la de_fw-la rege_fw-la edwardo_n &_o potuerunt_fw-la ire_n quolibet_fw-la unus_n ex_fw-la eye_n habuit_fw-la aulam_fw-la &_o villani_n tenuerunt_fw-la part_n aliorum_fw-la duorum_fw-la here_o be_v a_o express_a of_o a_o servus_n and_o also_o of_o the_o villani_n who_o hold_v this_o land_n in_o the_o time_n of_o edward_n the_o confessor_n beside_o this_o i_o can_v allege_v many_o more_o but_o sir_n edward_n coke_n upon_o littleton_n say_v that_o villani_n in_o domesday_n be_v not_o there_o take_v for_o bondman_n but_o have_v their_o name_n de_fw-fr villis_fw-la because_o they_o have_v ferm_n and_o there_o do_v work_n of_o husbandry_n for_o the_o lord_n and_o they_o be_v ever_o before_o name_v bordarii_n which_o be_v contrary_a to_o mr._n s._n in_o what_o i_o cite_v before_o of_o he_o concern_v bordmanni_n which_o i_o believe_v be_v one_o and_o the_o same_o thing_n with_o bordarii_n and_o such_o as_o be_v bondman_n be_v call_v servi_n thus_o sir_n edward_n coke_n but_o i_o believe_v the_o norman_n find_v these_o villain_n here_o even_o by_o their_o name_n by_o which_o i_o believe_v they_o be_v of_o a_o very_a ancient_a stand_n for_o that_o i_o find_v they_o know_v by_o the_o britain_n by_o that_o title_n as_o they_o be_v often_o mention_v in_o the_o law_n of_o howel-dha_a in_o a_o law_n which_o before_o in_o this_o 〈◊〉_d i_o mention_v be_v notice_n take_v of_o a_o king_n villain_n and_o of_o a_o nobleman_n villain_n and_o then_o another_o that_o give_v a_o right_a to_o the_o foster-children_n of_o divide_v land_n with_o the_o child_n of_o the_o villain_n but_o a_o little_a more_o plain_o to_o bring_v the_o proof_n in_o those_o law_n it_o be_v demonstrate_v how_o that_o tres_fw-la homines_fw-la promoveri_fw-la possunt_fw-la uâ—a_fw-la die_v that_o be_v to_o say_v as_o i_o guess_v it_o they_o be_v make_v gentleman_n in_o one_o day_n here_o you_o must_v take_v the_o latin_a as_o i_o find_v it_o captivus_fw-la si_fw-la movetus_fw-la in_o swyd_n de_fw-fr xxiv_o officialibus_fw-la swyd_n be_v dignitas_fw-la dignity_n so_o that_o the_o sense_n of_o it_o be_v this_o if_o the_o prince_n bestow_v upon_o a_o caprive_n the_o dignity_n of_o be_v one_o of_o the_o twenty_o four_o chief_a officer_n of_o his_o court_n it_o be_v a_o advancement_n peculiar_a or_o he_o become_v by_o it_o a_o gentleman_n secundus_fw-la filius_fw-la villani_fw-la si_fw-la sit_fw-la clericus_fw-la our_o common_a law_n do_v differ_v from_o the_o civil_a law_n which_o say_v partus_fw-la sequitur_fw-la ventrem_fw-la where_o as_o the_o common_a law_n have_v it_o partus_fw-la sequitur_fw-la patrem_fw-la but_o here_o provision_n be_v make_v that_o the_o son_n of_o a_o villain_n be_v a_o clergy_n man_n shall_v become_v a_o gentleman_n which_o be_v somewhat_o explain_v by_o the_o next_o tertius_fw-la homo_fw-la ex_fw-la captiva_fw-la villa_n si_fw-fr villa_n habeat_fw-la à _fw-la domino_fw-la patrie_fw-fr licentiam_fw-la ecclesiam_fw-la aedificare_fw-la &_o in_o cimiterio_fw-la ejus_fw-la corpora_fw-la sepeliri_fw-la tunc_fw-la villa_n siâ—_n &_o omnes_fw-la homines_fw-la de_fw-la ea_fw-la postea_fw-la sunt_fw-la liberi_fw-la that_o
and_o thule_n call_v britain_n fol._n 145_o italian_a partition_n fol._n 12_o 13_o jurye_n fol._n 61_o 62_o 63_o jurye_n among_o the_o welsh_a fol._n 64_o jus_fw-la angliae_fw-la both_o in_o socage_n and_o knights-fee_n fol._n 139_o k._n kentish-british_a law_n not_o alter_v by_o hengist_n fol._n 46_o kent_n invest_v in_o hengist_n examine_v fol._n 37_o kent_n change_v her_o gavelkind_n fol._n 81_o kenneth_n king_n of_o scot_n expel_v the_o pict_n fol._n 163_o kent_n have_v four_o king_n at_o one_o time_n fol._n 45_o kingsland_n fol._n 44_o king_n ethelmund_n ibid._n king_n pibanus_n of_o ergin_n fol._n 44._o 91_o king_n gorvodius_n milfrith_n etc._n etc._n fol._n 45_o kings-bench_n fol._n 69_o kindred_n what_o it_o be_v fol._n 130_o 131_o knave_n whence_o and_o what_o fol._n 176_o gods-cnave_a ibid._n knight-service_n in_o wales_n fol._n 103._o 107_o knights-fee_n descend_v to_o the_o elder_a fol._n 138_o kind_a fol._n 27._o 130_o 131._o 133_o l._n landscheutan_a german_a tenure_n fol._n 135_o 136_o 137._o land-shifting_a landskistan_n fol._n 136_o the_o saxon_a denomination_n of_o partition_n fol._n 143_o the_o proper_a kentish_a appellation_n fol._n 144_o 145_o land_n ancient_o not_o valuable_a fol._n 6._o 28_o language_n of_o scotland_n fol._n 76_o saxon_n english_a and_z french_z fol._n 75_o 76_o english_a not_o change_v by_o the_o norman_a conquest_n fol._n 75_o welsh_n the_o remain_v of_o the_o gallic_a and_o british_a fol._n 17_o law_n of_o king_n edward_n confirm_v by_o the_o norman_n fol._n 58_o 59_o lawes-common_a not_o write_v fol._n 69_o lawcase_n ibid._n law_n of_o england_n overthrow_v norman_n intruder_n fol._n 65_o learning_n of_o the_o druid_n fol._n 17_o legales_fw-la homines_fw-la or_o yeoman_n mark_fw-mi fol._n 63_o lieutenant_n of_o the_o saxon_a shore_n in_o britain_n fol._n 39_o lempster_n from_o a_o church_n of_o nun_n fol._n 44_o lewes_n in_o sussex_n fol._n 71_o lesley_n bishop_n of_o ross_n in_o scotland_n a_o historian_n fol._n 163_o lewis_n island_n in_o scotland_n hold_v gavelkind_a fol._n 160_o liberty_n of_o englishman_n fol._n 81_o liberi_fw-la sokemanni_n what_o fol._n 148_o llâ—â—_n what_o fol._n 90_o llanfrawtwt_v a_o college_n ancient_o found_v fol._n 90_o llangattock_n gafael_n meâ—bon_n ibid._n litthfield_n chronicle_n fol._n 58_o loager_n loegria_n fol._n 86_o lonaâ—â—_n fol._n 87_o london_n a_o memorial_n of_o troy_n fol._n 83_o london_n its_o law_n very_o ancient_a fol._n 55_o lower_v germany_n use_v partition_n fol._n 11_o m._n mail_v fol._n 120._o 133_o manor_n or_o circuit_n in_o wales_n ancient_o fol._n 96_o marquess_n lord_n marcher_n fol._n 42_o mayor_n whence_o derive_v fol._n 49_o menavians_n understand_v welsh_a and_o irish_a fol._n 146_o merewoldus_n a_o king_n fol._n 43_o merimnus_n a_o king_n fol._n 44_o mercelin_n a_o king_n ibid._n merchenlaege_n what_o fol._n 54_o 57_o mate-gavel_a fol._n 118_o mickel-gemote_a fol._n 65_o military_a fee_n fol._n 149_o morgan_n fol._n 132_o 133_o monmouthshire_n conquer_a fol._n 93_o mortimer_n radulf_n fol._n 78_o mulct_n different_a in_o rate_n in_o england_n fol._n 59_o mulmuâ—us_n dunwallo_n british_a legisâ—tor_n fol._n 154_o his_o law_n translate_v into_o saxon_a fol._n 54._o 154_o n._n neife_n what_o ancient_o fol._n 169_o norman_n of_o their_o conquest_n fol._n 56_o 57_o of_o their_o alteration_n ibid._n they_o alter_v not_o the_o english_a law_n fol._n 57_o of_o their_o law_n in_o normandy_n or_o neustria_n ibid._n employ_v in_o england_n before_o william_n the_o first_o fol._n 78_o their_o enter_a into_o wales_n fol._n 93_o their_o original_a from_o norway_n fol._n 58_o o._n oath_n of_o allegiance_n fol._n 55._o 61_o oat_n or_o oale-gavel_a fol._n 113_o doin_n what_o fol._n 174_o ollavintone_n in_o berkshire_n fol._n 73_o offa_n ditch_n a_o limit_n fol._n 43_o opinion_n receive_v hardly_o remove_v fol._n 1_o ostorius_n publius_n fol._n 34_o p._n paganus_fw-la pagan_a what_o fol._n 168._o 175_o 176_o palatinate_n cheshire_n and_o glamorganshire_n fol._n 94_o pandeborn_n in_o berkshire_n fol._n 68_o parliament_n fol._n 65_o parcener_n per_fw-la le_fw-fr custom_n fol._n 147_o 148_o partition_n use_v in_o first_o plantation_n fol._n 6_o use_v by_o the_o israelite_n fol._n 8_o antiquity_n of_o it_o by_o sacred_a and_o profane_a authority_n fol._n 9_o 10_o make_a use_n of_o by_o brute_n to_o his_o son_n fol._n 15_o 16_o the_o custom_n of_o wales_n fol._n 28._o 103._o 156_o among_o male_n and_o female_n fol._n 100_o 101_o use_v by_o the_o saxon_n fol._n 141_o 142_o 143_o use_v by_o the_o english_a norman_n fol._n 144_o not_o in_o the_o term_n gavelkind_n fol._n 147_o 148_o whether_o ratione_fw-la rei_fw-la aut_fw-la ratione_fw-la terrae_fw-la fol._n 149_o continue_v in_o wales_n by_o statute_n fol._n 153_o the_o manner_n of_o it_o among_o the_o welsh_a fol._n 156_o pencennedl_n or_o chief_n among_o the_o britain_n fol._n 23._o 97._o 132_o jew_n fol._n 23_o scot_n fol._n 24_o irish_a fol._n 97_o pelagian_a heresy_n set_v against_o fol._n 90_o penda_fw-la pibanus_n king_n of_o urchenfield_n fol._n 44._o 91_o piben_fw-ge wat_fw-mi fol._n 174_o pict_n they_o injure_v and_o repulse_v the_o britain_n fol._n 36_o the_o pict_n wall_n ibid._n planter_n at_o first_o the_o condition_n of_o they_o fol._n 5_o placita_fw-la what_o and_o plead_n ancient_o fol._n 68_o 69_o plead_n in_o french_a fol._n 69_o pluntune_v fol._n 116_o powisland_n divide_v subdivide_v and_o parcele_v fol._n 25_o 26_o polydore_v virgil_n examine_v fol._n 83_o privilege_n of_o urchenfield_n fol._n 108._o 156_o primogeniture_n prefer_v fol._n 82._o 138_o price_n sir_n john_n his_o defence_n hist_o brit._n fol._n 84_o pride-gavel_a what_o fol._n 112_o 113_o primogeniture_n in_o scotland_n wâ—y_n fol._n 166_o r._n read-gavel_a fol._n 119_o reguli_fw-la or_o petty_a king_n fol._n 15_o 45_o regulus_n and_o rex_fw-la fol._n 42_o referree_n of_o howel-dha_a what_o they_o do_v fol._n 155_o relief_n fol._n 108_o rent_n reserve_v fol._n 7_o rent_n how_o to_o be_v understand_v fol._n 115_o 116_o rent_n several_a sort_n fol._n 117_o rend_v land_n what_o ancient_o call_v fol._n 119_o rhandir_n what_o fol._n 96_o rodeley_n in_o gloucestershire_n fol._n 112_o roderic_n the_o great_a fol._n 24_o rogerus_fw-la deus_fw-la salvet_fw-la dominas_fw-la fol._n 177_o rochborn_n in_o hampshire_n fol._n 66_o roturier_n of_o france_n fol._n 11_o 95_o rowena_n hengist_n daughter_n fol._n 39_o 41_o roman_a empire_n part_v fol._n 87_o 88_o roman_n alter_v not_o the_o british_a law_n or_o custom_n fol._n 29_o greedy_a of_o conquest_n fol._n 30_o their_o proceed_n in_o the_o conquest_n of_o judaea_n fol._n 30_o of_o greece_n ibid._n of_o britain_n fol._n 30_o 31_o they_o use_v word_n of_o the_o british_a language_n fol._n 31_o set_v up_o a_o false_a will_n for_o the_o emperor_n fol._n 32_o the_o effect_n of_o it_o fol._n 32_o 33_o they_o desert_n britain_n fol._n 35_o s._n saisson_n and_o saisnaeg_n how_o to_o be_v understand_v fol._n 86_o saxon_n they_o co-inhabit_a with_o the_o britain_n fol._n 37_o they_o defend_v the_o pict_n wall_n fol._n 38_o whether_o they_o extirpate_v the_o britain_n or_o no_v ibid._n they_o break_v their_o article_n with_o the_o britain_n fol._n 38_o their_o piracy_n fol._n 41_o they_o fail_v in_o their_o trust_n fol._n 42_o they_o expel_v not_o the_o britain_n fol._n 47_o they_o borrow_v many_o british_a word_n fol._n 48_o 49_o they_o use_v british_a law_n and_o custom_n fol._n 49_o they_o intermix_v their_o saxon_n with_o british_a fol._n 50_o their_o law_n provide_v for_o the_o british_a inhabitant_n fol._n 50_o 51_o 52_o they_o use_v partition_n of_o land_n fol._n 141_o their_o nobility_n who_o and_o what_o fol._n 70_o concern_v their_o character_n fol._n 76_o they_o write_v latin_a ancient_o in_o roman_a letter_n fol._n 76_o they_o change_v their_o form_n of_o fight_a fol._n 77_o sand-gavel_a what_o fol._n 113_o seal_v and_o sign_v of_o charter_n fol._n 72_o 73_o serjeanty_n grand_a and_o petit_n fol._n 171_o servi_n what_o ancient_o fol._n 169._o 172_o servitude_n not_o in_o england_n fol._n 81_o scotish_n language_n fol._n 76_o scot_n and_o lot_n what_o fol._n 78_o scotland_n fol._n 87_o scotish-socage-land_n fol._n 159_o 160_o scotish_n with_o their_o language_n have_v the_o saxon_a custom_n fol._n 161_o scotish_n tongue_n before_o william_n the_o conqueror_n ibid._n scot_n receive_v the_o english_a temp_n willielmi_n primi_fw-la fol._n 162_o scotish_n tongue_n when_o first_o receive_v fol._n 162_o 163_o scotish_n bound_n in_o scotland_n fol._n 165_o sherborn_n against_o warren_n fol._n 65_o shire_n not_o ancient_o in_o wales_n fol._n 94_o soc_n and_o sac_n what_o fol._n 177_o 178_o 179_o socage_n land_n change_v fol._n 139_o socage_n land_n ancient_o partible_a fol._n 89_o 139_o spersold_v in_o berkshire_n fol._n 73_o surname_n when_o first_o use_v fol._n 176_o 177_o suit_n and_o doom_n in_o urchenfield_n fol._n 111_o swyddog_n a_o magistrate_n in_o welsh_a fol._n 93_o 173_o swine-gavel_a what_o fol._n 115_o
of_o wherein_o he_o affirm_v that_o the_o tâ—tm_a gavelkind_n be_v not_o to_o be_v find_v though_o the_o castom_n of_o partition_n be_v there_o in_o mention_v which_o without_o any_o great_a trouble_n all_o thing_n consider_v may_v argue_v it_o to_o be_v a_o british_a custom_n yet_o confess_v that_o the_o parliament_n in_o the_o statute_n of_o 34_o hen._n 8._o can_n 26._o do_v make_v use_n of_o the_o word_n gavelkind_n but_o how_o say_v he_o question_v and_o then_o resolve_v it_o only_o as_o bâ—rrowed_v to_o help_v to_o describe_v and_o illustrate_v that_o partible_a quality_n of_o the_o land_n in_o wales_n therein_o mention_v and_o that_o it_o be_v transmit_v by_o our_o lawyer_n who_o borrow_v the_o term_n to_o make_v use_n of_o it_o foâ—_n illustration_n sake_n but_o with_o pardon_n i_o shall_v â—ence_o â—â—ferr_v that_o it_o pass_v there_o as_o a_o most_o natural_a and_o genuine_a expression_n and_o be_v proper_o a_o peculiar_a of_o their_o own_o upon_o the_o ground_n before_o set_v down_o as_o for_o the_o ancient_a custom_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o ireland_n rhannu_fw-fr i_o be_o inform_v by_o the_o irish_a that_o their_o rhein-ta-loon_n which_o be_v their_o part_n of_o land_n be_v general_o among_o the_o commonalty_n and_o be_v like_o that_o oâ—_n the_o country_n of_o flanders_n where_o daughter_n share_v as_o well_o as_o the_o son_n and_o spread_v all_o over_o that_o country_n also_o the_o like_a to_o which_o i_o shall_v show_v you_o in_o wareham_n in_o dorsetshire_n in_o the_o next_o chapter_n râ—ein_n in_o the_o irish_a be_v to_o part_n and_o i_o believe_v come_v from_o the_o british_a rhannu_fw-fr i_o have_v little_a to_o say_v except_o it_o be_v that_o when_o king_n john_n overthrow_v the_o brehon_n law_n anno_fw-la regni_fw-la svi_fw-la 12._o and_o then_o settle_v the_o english_a law_n that_o this_o tenure_n of_o partition_n may_v probable_o receive_v a_o great_a abatement_n of_o its_o common_a usage_n and_o force_n among_o they_o who_o it_o seem_v have_v the_o footstep_n and_o remainder_n thereof_o very_o visible_a unto_o these_o our_o day_n but_o in_o this_o i_o shall_v desire_v to_o be_v excuse_v as_o not_o have_v inform_v myself_o sufficient_o so_o as_o to_o make_v a_o satisfactory_a discourse_n thereof_o confess_v myself_o much_o ignorant_a in_o that_o history_n and_o shall_v proceed_v in_o the_o discourse_n chap._n vii_o of_o soveral_a custom_n of_o descent_n of_o land_n of_o the_o welsh_a law_n of_o partition_n of_o knights-sâ—rvice_a and_o wardship_n among_o they_o still_o it_o be_v that_o mr._n s._n go_v about_o to_o confine_v the_o knowledge_n of_o gavelkind_a to_o the_o circuit_n of_o kent_n and_o will_v not_o allow_v it_o gavelkind_a in_o any_o other_o country_n but_o that_o for_o in_o pag._n 49._o he_o say_v thus_o what_o else_o where_o i_o mean_v in_o other_o shire_n and_o county_n they_o proper_o call_v by_o the_o name_n of_o socage_n whether_o free_a or_o base_a we_o here_o in_o kent_n be_v wont_a to_o call_v by_o the_o name_n of_o gavelkind_n or_o if_o you_o please_v in_o mr._n lambards_n expression_n all_o socage-service_n here_o proper_o so_o call_v be_v clothe_v with_o the_o apparel_n of_o gavelkind_n and_o under_o it_o in_o a_o large_a acception_n be_v understand_v all_o such_o land_n within_o the_o county_n as_o be_v not_o knights-fee_n or_o knights-service-land_n the_o term_n serve_v here_o to_o contra-distinguish_a it_o from_o knights-service-land_n but_o let_v a_o man_n go_v into_o urchinfield_n in_o the_o county_n of_o hereford_n and_o inquire_v of_o a_o inhabitant_n thereof_o in_o what_o manner_n land_n there_o be_v hold_v he_o will_v ready_o and_o speedy_o resolve_v he_o that_o they_o be_v subject_a to_o gavelkind_n and_o as_o full_o inform_v you_o of_o the_o nature_n of_o that_o their_o tenure_n viz._n that_o by_o it_o their_o land_n be_v all_o partible_a among_o the_o male_n and_o in_o defect_n of_o they_o among_o the_o female_n as_o other_o land_n of_o inheritance_n be_v throughout_o england_n i_o have_v meet_v with_o another_o kind_n and_o fort_n of_o partition_n which_o i_o dare_v venture_v to_o call_v gavelkind_a and_o be_v very_o unusual_a because_o by_o the_o custom_n of_o the_o place_n both_o male_n and_o female_n have_v a_o right_n equal_o in_o the_o partition_n i_o think_v it_o may_v not_o prove_v displease_v to_o insert_v the_o record_n as_o it_o be_v show_v to_o i_o by_o my_o industrious_a friend_n mr._n falconbridge_n to_o who_o for_o this_o and_o many_o other_o favour_n i_o must_v acknowledge_v myself_o with_o much-gratefulness_n indebt_v and_o thus_o it_o be_v in_o the_o office_n of_o the_o chamberlain_n of_o the_o exchequer_n of_o receipt_n be_v the_o like_a as_o i_o find_v it_o in_o flanders_n and_o the_o same_o with_o that_o in_o ireland_n dorset_n placita_fw-la de_fw-la jurat_fw-la be_v &_o assiss_n anno_fw-la 16._o edw._n 1._o metingh_n edwardus_fw-la kaynel_n maria_fw-la filia_fw-la roberti_n de_fw-la camma_fw-la report_n the_o irish_a have_v the_o same_o manner_n of_o partition_n davies-irish_a report_n jobanne_n bereset_v &_o matill_o uxor_fw-la ejus_fw-la &_o johanna_n soror_fw-la ejusdem_fw-la matill_o petunt_fw-la versus_fw-la johannem_fw-la alfrith_n de_fw-fr warham_n unum_fw-la toftum_fw-la cum_fw-la pertinentiis_fw-la in_o warham_n de_fw-fr quo_fw-la johannes_n gerard._n consanguineus_fw-la predictorum_fw-la edwardi_fw-la mariae_fw-la matill_o &_o johannae_n cujus_fw-la haeredes_fw-la ipsi_fw-la sunt_fw-la fuit_fw-la seisitus_fw-la in_o dominico_n svo_fw-la ut_fw-la de_fw-la feodo_fw-la die_fw-la quo_fw-la obiit_fw-la etc._n etc._n unde_fw-la dicunt_fw-la etc._n etc._n et_fw-la johannes_n venit_fw-la &_o dicit_fw-la quod_fw-la tenementa_fw-la in_o warham_n sunt_fw-la partibilia_fw-la inter_fw-la mascuâ—os_fw-la &_o femellas_fw-la &_o dicit_fw-la quod_fw-la predictus_fw-la edwardus_fw-la habet_fw-la quasdam_fw-la gunnoram_fw-la matill_o christianam_fw-la albredam_fw-la &_o eufemiam_fw-la sorores_fw-la &_o participes_fw-la ipsius_fw-la edwardi_fw-la &_o aliorum_fw-la petentium_fw-la &_o que_fw-la tantum_fw-la jus_o habent_fw-la in_o re_fw-la petita_fw-la sicut_fw-la etc._n etc._n &_o que_fw-la non_fw-la nominantur_fw-la in_o bâ—evi_fw-la unde_fw-la petit_fw-la judicium_fw-la de_fw-fr brevi_fw-la etc._n etc._n &_o edwardus_fw-la &_o alii_fw-la non_fw-la possunt_fw-la hoc_fw-la dedicere_fw-la ideo_fw-la consideratum_fw-la est_fw-la quod_fw-la praedictus_fw-la johannes_n eat_v inde_fw-la sine_fw-la die_fw-la etc._n etc._n this_o though_o it_o may_v seem_v strange_a yet_o may_v proper_o enough_o be_v call_v a_o gavelkind_n for_o let_v the_o custom_n of_o any_o place_n be_v according_a to_o the_o usual_a or_o unusual_a way_n of_o partition_n it_o be_v but_o the_o tenure_n of_o that_o place_n and_o will_v come_v well_o enough_o under_o that_o denomination_n and_o that_o which_o mr._n s._n bring_v in_o his_o 49_o page_n as_o a_o solution_n to_o a_o objection_n viz._n that_o it_o be_v no_o other_o than_o a_o custom_n general_o spread_v itself_o throughout_o the_o whole_a country_n in_o land_n of_o that_o nature_n shall_v have_v be_v thus_o lay_v down_o without_o confine_v it_o to_o the_o county_n of_o kent_n viz._n throughout_o any_o country_n or_o all_o country_n in_o land_n of_o that_o nature_n for_o so_o indeed_o it_o be_v in_o the_o village_n round_o the_o city_n of_o hereford_n 211._o item_n lou_n per_fw-la custonie_n appel_n burgh-english_a en_fw-fr ascun_fw-fr burgh_n le_fw-fr fit_v puisn_a inherita_fw-la tout_fw-fr les_fw-fr tenement_n etc._n etc._n littleton_n lib._n 2._o sect._n 211._o i_o find_v their_o land_n be_v all_o hold_v in_o the_o tenure_n of_o borough-english_a where_o without_o difficulty_n i_o conclude_v that_o it_o be_v a_o custom_n spread_v itself_o throughout_o those_o parish_n and_o village_n in_o land_n of_o that_o nature_n neither_o can_v it_o be_v otherwise_o but_o that_o the_o young_a son_n ought_v to_o be_v and_o must_v by_o law_n be_v find_v heir_n so_o long_o as_o that_o land_n remain_v under_o the_o same_o service_n and_o copy-holdings_a of_o their_o respective_a manor_n and_o the_o suitor_n here_o do_v as_o much_o stand_v upon_o their_o custom_n as_o in_o urchenfield_n they_o insist_v upon_o their_o custom_n of_o partition_n among_o the_o male_n or_o as_o wareham_n in_o dorsetshire_n among_o both_o male_n and_o female_n another_o sort_n of_o usage_n in_o the_o tenure_n of_o burgh-english_a be_v mention_v by_o sir_n edward_n coke_n upon_o 211._o upon_o lib._n 2._o cap._n 11._o sect._n 211._o littleton_n in_o these_o word_n within_o the_o manor_n of_o b._n in_o the_o county_n of_o berk_n there_o be_v such_o a_o custom_n that_o if_o a_o man_n have_v divers_a daughter_n and_o no_o son_n and_o die_v the_o elder_a daughter_n shall_v only_o inherit_v and_o if_o he_o have_v no_o daughter_n but_o sister_n the_o elder_a sister_n by_o the_o custom_n shall_v inherit_v and_o sometime_o the_o young_a and_o divers_a other_o custom_n there_o be_v in_o like_a case_n and_o bring_v in_o britton_n to_o strengthen_v he_o and_o to_o confirm_v what_o i_o have_v say_v say_v de_fw-fr terres_fw-la des_fw-fr ancienes_fw-fr
perquisitum_fw-la legare_fw-la cuicunque_fw-la voluerit_fw-la tenementum_fw-la etc._n etc._n tenementum_fw-la illud_fw-la leg_n atum_fw-la fuit_fw-la breed_fw-mi glodithe_n unde_fw-la dicunt_fw-la quod_fw-la breve_fw-la istud_fw-la non_fw-la currit_fw-la infra_fw-la hundred_o breed_fw-mi to_o this_o jurati_fw-la dicunt_fw-la super_fw-la sacram._n suum_fw-la quod_fw-la predicta_fw-la tenementa_fw-la sunt_fw-la legabilia_fw-la &_o quoth_v predict_v philippus_n tenementa_fw-la illa_fw-la legavit_fw-la predicte_n glodithe_n &_o quod_fw-la breve_fw-la istud_fw-la non_fw-la currit_fw-la infra_fw-la hundred_o predict_v ideo_fw-la glodithe_n concessum_fw-la est_fw-la inde_fw-la sine_fw-la die_fw-la they_o have_v a_o formal_a way_n of_o judgement_n of_o their_o own_o much_o after_o the_o british_a fashion_n the_o steward_n with_o his_o officer_n belong_v to_o the_o court_n be_v seat_v there_o be_v certain_a chief_n among_o they_o who_o house_n and_o land_n be_v hold_v of_o the_o lord_n by_o suit_n and_o doom_n in_o the_o court_n of_o that_o liberty_n and_o hereupon_o be_v call_v doomes-man_n that_o be_v to_o say_v man_n of_o judgement_n or_o such_o who_o judge_n of_o matter_n in_o controversy_n ibidem_fw-la rot._n quo_fw-la war._n ibidem_fw-la therefore_o in_o the_o quo_fw-la warranto_fw-la roll_n of_o irchenfield_n in_o the_o 20_o edward_n 1._o it_o be_v record_v that_o jurati_fw-la hund._n de_fw-fr irchenefeud_n webbetre_n &_o greytr_n dicunt_fw-la quod_fw-la botholin_n qui_fw-la tenuit_fw-la villam_fw-la de_fw-la comboglin_n solebat_fw-la facere_fw-la sectam_fw-la ad_fw-la hundr_n predict_v &_o esse_fw-la unus_fw-la domesman_n de_fw-la eodem_fw-la hundr_n etc._n etc._n and_o in_o other_o collection_n of_o antiquity_n that_o i_o have_v transcribe_v there_o be_v one_o record_n that_o be_v entitle_v de_fw-la libertate_fw-la de_fw-fr domesman_n but_o because_o my_o intention_n be_v to_o be_v more_o large_a upon_o this_o theme_n in_o a_o tract_n more_o proper_a i_o shall_v wave_v it_o at_o this_o present_a only_o among_o other_o duty_n reckon_v up_o in_o domesdey_n this_o be_v one_o that_o i_o have_v almost_o forget_v to_o carry_v the_o king_n message_n into_o wales_n and_o to_o pray_v for_o he_o in_o three_o church_n every_o week_n and_o in_o another_o record_n which_o be_v instar_fw-la omnium_fw-la and_o by_o it_o they_o as_o it_o be_v be_v leave_v to_o their_o own_o liberty_n and_o be_v say_v to_o be_v extra_fw-la comitatum_fw-la not_o bind_v up_o to_o any_o strictness_n by_o the_o country_n law_n which_o how_o far_o transcend_v the_o kentish_a privilege_n i_o leave_v to_o any_o to_o judge_v now_o if_o dower_n of_o the_o moiety_n and_o not_o to_o forfeit_v land_n for_o felony_n be_v the_o great_a privilege_n kent_n have_v by_o the_o tenure_n of_o gavelkind_n then_o be_v the_o privilege_n of_o other_o place_n where_o the_o use_n of_o gavelkind_n be_v not_o at_o this_o present_a far_o great_a as_o in_o some_o special_a privilege_a hundred_o and_o precinct_n etc._n etc._n in_o the_o discourse_n of_o which_o it_o will_v be_v beside_o the_o matter_n in_o hand_n to_o engage_v i_o proceed_v to_o the_o discourse_n of_o chap._n ix_o several_a sort_n of_o gavel_n not_o relate_v to_o the_o tenure_n answer_v as_o urge_v by_o mr._n s._n how_o that_o gavel_n be_v understand_v by_o our_o late_a lawyer_n how_o in_o domesdey_n by_o compare_v place_n together_o and_o how_o among_o the_o saxon_n a_o discourse_n upon_o the_o writ_n call_v gavelet_n mr._n s._n in_o his_o ten_o page_n write_v that_o the_o word_n gavel_n as_o to_o the_o main_a part_n of_o it_o frequent_o occurr_n in_o the_o old_a record_n of_o some_o manor_n out_o of_o kent_n sometime_o simple_o but_o for_o the_o most_o part_n in_o composition_n for_o example_n in_o gavel-erth_a gavelate_v gavellond_n etc._n etc._n i_o make_v not_o a_o citation_n of_o these_o word_n as_o if_o i_o intend_v to_o put_v a_o force_n upon_o they_o as_o some_o at_o the_o first_o read_v may_v imagine_v because_o mr._n s._n averr_v that_o the_o word_n gavel_n do_v occur_v in_o some_o old_a record_n of_o manor_n out_o of_o kent_n which_o i_o take_v not_o as_o there_o mention_v in_o composition_n to_o have_v any_o relation_n to_o the_o tenure_n of_o partition_n for_o that_o which_o be_v apply_v in_o those_o composition_n for_o several_a use_n as_o in_o for-gavel_a mete-gavel_a gavel-rip_a swine-gavel_a werk-gavel_a hunig-gavel_a etc._n etc._n be_v little_a to_o our_o purpose_n several_a such_o i_o have_v meet_v withal_o and_o divers_a different_a from_o what_o mr._n s._n have_v reckon_v i_o have_v encounter_v with_o a_o pride-gavel_a which_o in_o the_o lordship_n of_o rede_o in_o the_o county_n of_o gloucester_n be_v use_v and_o pay_v unto_o this_o day_n as_o a_o rent_n to_o the_o lord_n of_o the_o manor_n by_o certain_a tenant_n in_o duty_n and_o acknowledgement_n to_o he_o for_o their_o liberty_n and_o privilege_n of_o fish_v in_o the_o river_n severn_n for_o lampraye_n and_o in_o the_o same_o lordship_n be_v also_o another_o call_v sand-gavel_a which_o be_v nothing_o else_o but_o a_o payment_n due_a to_o the_o lord_n for_o liberty_n grant_v to_o the_o tenant_n to_o digg_n up_o sand_n for_o their_o use_n many_o such_o the_o reader_n may_v be_v furnish_v withal_o do_v i_o conceive_v they_o will_v redound_v in_o any_o measure_n to_o our_o discourse_n for_o my_o judgement_n be_v that_o this_o gavel_n in_o these_o composition_n and_o gavel_n in_o the_o tenure_n be_v very_o different_a in_o their_o acceptation_n as_o i_o shall_v show_v anon_o but_o to_o examine_v mr._n s_n collection_n and_o observation_n concern_v these_o compound_a gavel_n where_o in_o his_o paragraph_n of_o oate-gavel_a in_o pag._n 21._o he_o declare_v this_o be_v a_o certain_a proportion_n of_o rent-oate_n serve_v into_o the_o lord_n sometime_o in_o kind_a and_o other_o while_n by_o composition_n redeem_v with_o money_n and_o out_o of_o south-malling_n custumal_a urge_v this_o quod_fw-la omnes_fw-la operarii_fw-la debent_fw-la reddere_fw-la annuatim_fw-la quod_fw-la dicitur_fw-la gavel-otte_a in_o xl_o m2_o i._n e._n in_o quadragesima_fw-la and_o in_o another_o account_n roll_n of_o the_o same_o manor_n it_o be_v say_v concern_v a_o certain_a tenant_n that_o respondet_fw-la de_fw-la octo_fw-la quarteriis_fw-la etc._n etc._n receptis_fw-la de_fw-la gabulo_n custumariorum_fw-la etc._n etc._n and_o again_o de_fw-fr avena_n de_fw-mi gablo_fw-mi vendita_fw-la iiis._n and_o xs._n vid._n de_fw-fr quinque_fw-la quarteriis_fw-la etc._n etc._n the_o gavel-ote_a de_fw-fr redditu_fw-la venditis_fw-la this_o charge_n of_o ten_o shilling_n six_o penny_n upon_o five_o quarter_n etc._n etc._n sell_v the_o gavel-ote_a de_fw-fr redditu_fw-la i_o guess_v it_o to_o be_v nothing_o else_o but_o a_o imposition_n a_o excise_n or_o a_o assess_v which_o be_v the_o proper_a signification_n of_o the_o word_n gablum_fw-la or_o gabulum_fw-la and_o so_o to_o be_v understand_v as_o the_o excise_n or_o assess_v upon_o the_o corn_n sell_v by_o the_o tenant_n when_o for_o rent_n they_o shall_v have_v pay_v oat_n in_o kind_n which_o receive_v a_o little_a explanation_n by_o the_o precedent_a account_n where_o it_o be_v say_v that_o respondet_fw-la de_fw-la octo_fw-la quarteriis_fw-la etc._n etc._n receptis_fw-la de_fw-la gabulo_n custumariorum_fw-la and_o again_o iiis._n de_fw-fr gablo_fw-mi de_fw-fr avena_n vendita_fw-la the_o excise_n or_o assess_v upon_o the_o customary_a tenant_n for_o viij_o quarter_n sell_v and_o the_o iiis._n to_o be_v understand_v in_o the_o like_a manner_n that_o be_v a_o imposition_n or_o excise_n for_o oat_n sell_v certain_o gablum_fw-la or_o gabulum_fw-la be_v not_o a_o word_n so_o much_o out_o of_o use_n that_o we_o have_v need_v to_o grope_v or_o be_v force_v to_o search_v after_o it_o as_o it_o be_v in_o the_o dark_a for_o even_o in_o these_o our_o day_n with_o ease_n we_o may_v produce_v the_o use_n of_o it_o bear_v the_o same_o signification_n as_o i_o have_v now_o give_v to_o it_o to_o the_o same_o purpose_n and_o sense_n do_v i_o find_v it_o use_v in_o that_o prodigious_a insurrection_n at_o naples_n within_o these_o few_o year_n under_o massaniello_n a_o fisherman_n where_o the_o story_n translate_v in_o this_o point_n i_o may_v say_v literatim_fw-la give_v the_o ground_n of_o it_o to_o be_v a_o certain_a payment_n or_o excise_n upon_o fish_n which_o the_o italian_n call_v gabelli_n and_o we_o have_v transmit_v unto_o we_o in_o the_o translation_n gabell_n know_v in_o spain_n by_o the_o term_n 78._o term_n martinus_n zeillerus_n in_o his_o â—inerarium_fw-la hispaniae_fw-la out_o of_o mariana_n lib._n 16._o cap._n 9_o and_o lib._n 17_o cap._n 8._o et_fw-la hugo_n linschoten_n say_v anno_fw-la 1341._o introductum_fw-la est_fw-la vectigal_a hâ—sâ—ans_n i._n e._n alcavala_n &_o italis_n gabella_n dictum_fw-la quod_fw-la aliquoties_fw-la postea_fw-la auctum_fw-la suis_fw-la ejus_fw-la vi_fw-la coguntur_fw-la subditi_fw-la decimas_fw-la pendere_fw-la quotiescuâ—que_fw-la merces_fw-la bona_fw-la praedia_fw-la aedes_fw-la &_o agei_n venâ—untur_fw-la eidem_n obnorii_fw-la sunt_fw-la cujuscunque_fw-la generis_fw-la opâ—â—ices_fw-la ut_fw-la sutores_fw-la sartores_fw-la lanii_fw-la &_o quicuaqâ—e_fw-la
admit_v but_o to_o run_v over_o some_o more_o of_o his_o gable_n that_o which_o he_o discourse_v of_o in_o his_o 30_o page_n be_v a_o for-gavel_a which_o be_v right_o render_v foris_fw-la gabulum_fw-la and_o be_v define_v to_o be_v quasi_fw-la extra_fw-la vel_fw-la praeter_fw-la gabulum_fw-la quod_fw-la domino_fw-la capitali_fw-la debetur_fw-la and_o this_o correspond_v with_o what_o before_o i_o have_v say_v that_o it_o be_v a_o rent_n or_o a_o duty_n beside_o over_o and_o above_o or_o beyond_o the_o original_a contract_n or_o bargain_n the_o like_a be_v in_o mete-gavel_a which_o be_v cibi_fw-la gablum_fw-la a_o rent_n of_o meat_n or_o food_n swine-gavel_a which_o be_v porcorum_fw-la gablum_fw-la a_o rent_n of_o swine_n werke-gavel_a and_o werke-gabulum_a which_o be_v operis_fw-la gablum_fw-la hunig-gavel_a which_o be_v gabulum_fw-la mellis_fw-la domâ—sdey_n mellis_fw-la for_o before_o that_o sagar_n be_v from_o the_o indies_n bring_v among_o we_o the_o use_n of_o honey_n be_v frequent_a instead_o thereof_o so_o that_o i_o have_v observe_v in_o some_o very_a ancient_a rental_n as_o great_a a_o proportion_n of_o honey_n as_o there_o will_v be_v require_v of_o sugar_n to_o seâ—ve_v such_o a_o family_n and_o much_o reserve_v to_o the_o king_n in_o most_o county_n as_o appear_v by_o domâ—sdey_n rent_n honey_n of_o which_o sort_n in_o domesdey_n you_o may_v find_v much_o and_o in_o the_o 60._o law_n of_o king_n ina_n we_o find_v a_o bere-gafol_a which_o be_v a_o rent_n of_o beer_n or_o rather_o barley_n as_o mr._n lambard_n expound_v it_o for_o in_o some_o country_n of_o england_n and_o in_o scotland_n they_o to_o this_o day_n call_v barley_n beer_n there_o be_v also_o in_o the_o 66._o of_o king_n ina_n law_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d speak_v of_o a_o yard_n of_o land_n which_o mr._n lambard_n render_v to_o signify_v mercede_fw-la conductam_fw-la that_o be_v hire_v for_o rent_n or_o wages_n so_o be_v it_o in_o the_o covenant_n betwixt_o king_n alured_n and_o guthrun_n the_o dane_n in_o the_o second_o article_n where_o it_o be_v say_v but_o tan_o ðaem_v câ—oâ—le_a de_fw-fr on_o gafollande_n rit_n which_o mr._n lambard_n render_v thus_o siquidem_fw-la be_v rusticus_n censum_fw-la annuum_fw-la impendens_fw-la non_fw-la fuerit_fw-la which_o i_o think_v in_o english_a be_v provide_v that_o that_o countryman_n do_v not_o sit_v on_o rent_a land_n for_o but_o in_o the_o old_a english_a as_o well_o as_o to_o this_o day_n in_o the_o present_a scotch_a signify_v without_o or_o want_v etc._n etc._n there_o i_o find_v gafollande_n be_v turn_v into_o census_n which_o be_v as_o much_o as_o i_o have_v need_n to_o make_v use_n of_o or_o take_v notice_n of_o in_o the_o law_n of_o king_n aethelstan_n it_o be_v thus_o Æ¿ealisc_a monne_n etc._n etc._n ê§_n he_o ðam_v ce_a gafol-gyldan_a maeg_fw-la which_o be_v thus_o translate_v wallus_n si_fw-la in_o eas_fw-la opes_fw-la creverit_fw-la etc._n etc._n ut_fw-la annuum_fw-la regi_fw-la censum_fw-la pendat_fw-la which_o be_v if_o a_o welshman_n increase_v so_o in_o riches_n etc._n etc._n that_o he_o can_v or_o may_v yield_v a_o yearly_a rent_n to_o the_o king_n such_o a_o one_o perhaps_o as_o we_o call_v a_o subsidy_n man_n or_o a_o man_n in_o the_o king_n book_n so_o in_o the_o six_o of_o king_n ina_n law_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d which_o be_v if_o any_o one_o fight_v in_o the_o house_n of_o one_o that_o pay_v rend_v and_o in_o the_o 22._o of_o the_o same_o king_n that_o so_o often_o recite_v law_n Æ¿ealh_n gafolgylda_fw-la hund_n tÆ¿_n lftig_fw-mi â—cill_n which_o be_v turn_v into_o latin_a thus_o 33._o mr._n s._n pag._n 33._o wallus_fw-la censum_fw-la pendens_fw-la annuum_fw-la etc._n etc._n in_o the_o same_o sense_n be_v the_o word_n gavel-man_n cite_v by_o payment_n by_o many_o there_o be_v that_o with_o mr._n selden_n account_v gafol_n to_o signify_v several_a thing_n as_o tributum_fw-la etc._n etc._n but_o not_o in_o the_o least_o with_o reference_n to_o the_o tenure_n he_o cite_v the_o aâ—â—ales_n anglosaxoas_n in_o bibliotheca_fw-la cottoniana_n anno_fw-la 1012._o ða_o ê§_n gafol_fw-mi gelaest_n sae_z &_o frið_n aþa_v asporene_a Æ¿aeson_fw-mi þa_fw-mi to_o ferde_v se_fw-mi here_o Æ¿ide_n sÆ¿a_o he_o aer_fw-la gegaderode_o Æ¿a_v ða_o bugon_n to_o þam_fw-la ce_v of_o þam_n here_o fif_fw-mi &_o feoÆ¿ertig_fw-ge scypa_fw-mi &_o he_o beheton_n ê§_n he_o Æ¿oldon_n þysne_v ear_a healoan_n &_o he_o he_o fedan_n sceolde_a &_o scÆ¿ydon_n id_fw-la est_fw-la tributo_fw-la soluto_fw-la &_o amicitiae_fw-la juramentis_fw-la praestitis_fw-la excrcitus_fw-la ut_fw-la ante_fw-la erat_fw-la congregatus_fw-la late_a dispergitur_fw-la maneb_fw-mi vit_fw-mi vero_fw-la cum_fw-la rege_fw-la ex_fw-la ipso_fw-la exercitu_fw-la quadraginta_fw-la quinque_fw-la nave_n ipsique_fw-la side_n datâ_fw-la promiserunt_fw-la se_fw-la terram_fw-la hanc_fw-la dâ—fensuros_fw-la modo_fw-la eos_fw-la aleret_fw-la &_o vestiret_fw-la rex_fw-la danorum_fw-la rex_fw-la tunc_fw-la swanus_fw-la crat_fw-mi quorum_fw-la ita_fw-la pepigit_fw-la ethelredus_fw-la utrumque_fw-la autem_fw-la praestationis_fw-la quam_fw-la diximus_fw-la genus_fw-la danegeld_n danegeldum_fw-la seu_fw-la danageldum_fw-la id_fw-la est_fw-la tributum_fw-la danicum_fw-la dicebatur_fw-la seld._n mar._n clau_n l._n 2._o c._n 11._o here_o we_o may_v observe_v that_o geld_v be_v most_o proper_o tribute_n though_o in_o the_o former_a part_n of_o this_o saxon_a citation_n mr._n selden_n render_v gafol_n by_o tributum_fw-la and_o proper_o it_o do_v signify_v a_o payment_n mr._n s._n which_o have_v no_o more_o in_o signification_n than_o one_o that_o pay_v a_o rent_n and_o relate_v not_o at_o all_o to_o the_o tenure_n and_o i_o believe_v if_o serious_o look_v into_o that_o many_o of_o these_o compound_n who_o have_v this_o similitude_n of_o sound_n do_v not_o hold_v under_o or_o by_o the_o tenure_n of_o partition_n which_o if_o so_o here_o be_v nomen_fw-la sine_fw-la re_fw-la and_o this_o last_o may_v be_v a_o term_n as_o significant_a for_o any_o one_o that_o pay_v a_o rent_n in_o cumberland_n as_o in_o kent_n in_o this_o recite_v page_n it_o be_v that_o mr._n s._n have_v right_o fix_v his_o gavel_n for_o say_v he_o one_o thing_n more_o i_o have_v to_o note_v before_o i_o leave_v gable_n gavel_n etc._n etc._n that_o with_o mala_n it_o signify_v rent_n service_n or_o custom_n and_o in_o his_o 35_o page_n he_o add_v by_o this_o time_n the_o reader_n be_v satisfy_v i_o hope_v say_v he_o touch_v the_o true_a construction_n of_o gavel_n gafol_n gable_n or_o how_o ever_o else_o he_o shall_v chance_v to_o find_v it_o write_v in_o each_o import_a cens_n i._n e._n a_o rent_n either_o in_o money_n provision_n or_o work_n to_o conclude_v i_o be_o of_o the_o same_o opinion_n with_o mr._n s._n that_o these_o intermixture_n and_o compound_n do_v all_o hold_v a_o reference_n to_o gafol_n gablum_fw-la or_o gabulum_fw-la that_o all_o of_o they_o have_v one_o and_o the_o same_o exposition_n yet_o that_o none_o of_o they_o have_v any_o relation_n to_o the_o tenure_n of_o partition_n or_o to_o any_o other_o tenure_n beside_o the_o rent_v or_o pay_v of_o a_o rent_n for_o land_n etc._n etc._n there_o be_v only_o one_o thing_n more_o left_a to_o be_v consider_v which_o may_v seem_v to_o have_v in_o it_o some_o strength_n and_o that_o be_v in_o the_o 31._o page_n of_o mr._n s._n where_o he_o cite_v this_o &_o postea_fw-la per_fw-la quandam_fw-la consuetudinem_fw-la quae_fw-la voco_fw-la gavelate_fw-la usitatam_fw-la in_o comitatu_fw-la isto_fw-la viz._n kanc_n de_fw-la terris_fw-la &_o tenementis_fw-la de_fw-la gavelkind_n pro_fw-la redditibus_fw-la &_o servitiis_fw-la quae_fw-la à _fw-la retro_fw-la fuerint_fw-la de_fw-la eisdem_fw-la per_fw-la plures_fw-la annos_fw-la devenerunt_fw-la eaedem_fw-la terrae_fw-la in_o manus_fw-la cujusdam_fw-la abbatis_fw-la etc._n etc._n now_o this_o consuetudo_fw-la de_fw-fr gavelate_v use_v in_o the_o land_n and_o tenement_n hold_v in_o gavelkind_n seem_v the_o one_o to_o have_v relation_n to_o the_o other_o for_o mr._n s._n in_o the_o begin_n of_o that_o paragraph_n tell_v we_o that_o this_o gavelate_n be_v not_o a_o reut_n or_o a_o service_n but_o betoken_v a_o rent_n or_o a_o service_n withhold_v deny_v or_o detain_v cause_v the_o forfeiture_n of_o the_o tenement_n to_o the_o lord_n and_o whereas_o that_o record_n say_v it_o be_v use_v in_o that_o county_n upon_o land_n and_o tenement_n hold_v in_o gavelkind_n sir_n edward_n coke_n as_o mr._n s._n himself_o cite_v he_o say_v gaveletum_n be_v as_o much_o as_o to_o say_v as_o to_o cease_v or_o let_v to_o pay_v the_o rent_n breve_fw-la de_fw-fr gavelleto_fw-it in_o london_n est_fw-la breve_fw-la de_fw-fr cessavit_fw-la in_o biennium_fw-la etc._n etc._n pro_fw-la redditu_fw-la ibidem_fw-la quia_fw-la tenementa_fw-la fuerunt_fw-la indistringibilia_fw-la so_o that_o this_o brief_a lay_n in_o london_n as_o well_o as_o kent_n and_o minshew_n in_o his_o dictionary_n upon_o the_o word_n gavelet_n exemplify_v it_o by_o a_o case_n that_o if_o any_o tenant_n in_o gavelkind_n withhold_v his_o rent_n and_o his_o service_n of_o the_o tenement_n which_o he_o hold_v of_o
his_o lord_n let_v the_o lord_n seek_v by_o the_o award_n of_o his_o court_n from_o three_o week_n to_o three_o week_n to_o find_v some_o distress_n upon_o the_o tenement_n until_o the_o four_o court_n always_o with_o witness_n and_o if_o within_o that_o time_n he_o can_v find_v no_o distress_n in_o that_o tenement_n whereby_o he_o may_v have_v justice_n of_o his_o tenant_n then_o at_o the_o four_o court_n let_v it_o be_v award_v that_o he_o shall_v take_v that_o tenement_n into_o his_o hand_n in_o the_o name_n of_o a_o distress_n as_o if_o it_o be_v a_o ox_n or_o a_o cow_n and_o let_v he_o keep_v it_o a_o year_n and_o a_o day_n in_o his_o hand_n without_o manure_v it_o within_o which_o term_n if_o the_o tenant_n come_v and_o pay_v his_o arrearage_n and_o make_v reasonable_a amends_o for_o the_o withhold_n then_o let_v he_o have_v and_o enjoy_v his_o tenement_n as_o his_o ancestor_n and_o he_o before_o hold_v it_o and_o if_o he_o do_v not_o come_v before_o the_o year_n and_o the_o day_n be_v past_a then_o let_v the_o lord_n go_v to_o the_o next_o county_n court_n with_o his_o witness_n of_o his_o own_o court_n and_o pronounce_v there_o this_o process_n to_o have_v further_a witness_n and_o by_o the_o award_n of_o his_o court_n after_o the_o county_n court_n hold_v he_o shall_v enter_v and_o manare_fw-la in_o those_o land_n and_o tenement_n as_o in_o his_o own_o and_o if_o the_o tenant_n come_v afterward_o and_o will_v re-have_a his_o tenement_n and_o hold_v they_o as_o he_o aid_v before_o let_v he_o make_v agreement_n with_o the_o lord_n according_a as_o it_o be_v ancient_o say_v nighesith_v yield_v and_o nighesith_v geld_v i._n e._n let_v he_o nine_o time_n pay_v and_o nine_o time_n repay_v have_v he_o not_o since_o any_o thing_n give_v nor_o have_v he_o not_o since_o any_o thing_n pay_v let_v he_o pay_v v._o lib._n for_o his_o error_n before_o he_o become_v tenant_n or_o holder_n again_o see_v hereof_o 10_o hen._n 3._o fitz._n cessavit_fw-la 60._o &_o statute_n 10._o edw._n 2._o of_o gavelet_n in_o london_n in_o the_o collection_n of_o statutes_n london_n 2._o matter_n much_o tend_v to_o this_o purpose_n that_o by_o this_o word_n gavelet_n the_o lord_n shall_v have_v the_o land_n for_o the_o cease_v of_o the_o tenant_n i_o have_v read_v much_o to_o this_o purpose_n in_o mr._n lambards_n perambulation_n of_o kent_n but_o the_o whole_a hereof_o relate_v to_o a_o writ_n of_o recovery_n for_o default_n or_o nonpayment_n of_o gafol_n or_o gable_n or_o rent_n the_o word_n gavelet_n which_o be_v nothing_o but_o the_o let_v hindrance_n or_o withhold_a of_o gavel_n gable_n or_o rent_n which_o writ_n run_v in_o london_n as_o well_o as_o in_o kent_n and_o all_o of_o it_o nothing_o to_o our_o tenure_n in_o question_n to_o the_o same_o purpose_n be_v that_o which_o mr._n s._n urge_v in_o his_o 12_o page_n where_o he_o give_v a_o learned_a exposition_n which_o serve_v for_o a_o fortification_n as_o well_o as_o a_o explanation_n upon_o the_o word_n gafol_n which_o he_o describe_v vary_v in_o the_o dialect_n saxonic_fw-la testament_n saxonic_fw-la be_v write_v gafol_n gavel_n gaful_a and_o gafel_v and_o show_v how_o it_o pass_v in_o matth._n 17._o verse_n 24_o &_o 2_o and_o cap._n 22._o vers_fw-la 17_o &_o 19_o to_o signify_v tribute_n which_o i_o think_v may_v prove_v a_o acceptation_n thereof_o natural_o enough_o and_o in_o matth._n 25._o vers_fw-la 27._o it_o serve_v to_o express_v advantage_n or_o usury_n and_o in_o king_n withred_n law_n of_o sr._n henry_n spelmans_fw-mi edition_n of_o his_o ancient_a council_n it_o be_v expound_v to_o we_o by_o what_o it_o be_v common_o receive_v redditus_fw-la vel_fw-la persio_fw-la and_o mr._n selden_n in_o his_o note_n upon_o eadmerus_n render_v geÆ¿â—â—ic_a gaful_a to_o signify_v solitus_fw-la census_fw-la the_o wont_a or_o usual_a payment_n or_o rent_n but_o mr._n s._n conclude_v thus_o to_o be_v short_a say_v he_o gafol_n be_v a_o word_n which_o as_o gablum_fw-la in_o domesdey_n book_n the_o skilful_a in_o the_o saxon_a tongue_n with_o sir_n henry_n spelman_n else_o where_o turn_v by_o what_o gabella_n be_v expound_v abroad_o viz._n vectigal_a portorium_fw-la tributum_fw-la exactio_fw-la census_fw-la etc._n etc._n in_o latin_a but_o in_o english_a with_o verstegan_n tribute_n tax_n or_o custom_n whereunto_o mr._n lambard_n and_o sir_n edward_n coke_n agree_v upon_o which_o and_o to_o all_o mr._n s._n crave_v leave_v to_o add_v rend_v which_o i_o shall_v not_o in_o any_o wise_a deny_v he_o provide_v as_o i_o say_v before_o he_o will_v be_v content_v with_o that_o exposition_n to_o signify_v rend_v and_o not_o go_v about_o for_o the_o sound_a sake_n to_o impose_v it_o on_o the_o tenure_n for_o in_o this_o i_o will_v beg_v a_o information_n or_o rather_o satisfaction_n whether_o gavelkind-land_n may_v not_o be_v and_o be_v not_o hold_v without_o rent_n which_o if_o it_o be_v find_v to_o be_v as_o i_o know_v it_o be_v general_o use_v in_o urchenfield_n and_o perhaps_o in_o other_o place_n also_o then_o do_v it_o destroy_v the_o very_a nature_n of_o the_o etymologye_n but_o with_o this_o part_n upon_o the_o mistake_n of_o the_o word_n gavel_n in_o those_o compound_v mention_v i_o have_v speak_v sufficient_o and_o further_o i_o will_v not_o trouble_v the_o reader_n patience_n about_o it_o in_o the_o next_o place_n here_o be_v chap._n x._o several_a deed_n cite_v by_o mr._n s._n that_o have_v their_o tenenda_n ad_fw-la gavilikendam_fw-la examine_v and_o expound_v i_o be_o constrain_v to_o run_v over_o the_o examination_n of_o several_a deed_n produce_v in_o transcript_n by_o mr._n s._n and_o have_v finish_v the_o discourse_n of_o the_o word_n single_n and_o in_o composition_n i_o be_o come_v to_o experiment_n the_o trial_n of_o it_o in_o the_o term_n proper_a with_o its_o affix_v of_o which_o mr._n s._n say_v pag._n 38._o thus_o for_o example_n in_o a_o number_n of_o deed_n and_o conveyance_n which_o i_o have_v see_v record_v in_o the_o leiger-book_n of_o the_o cathedral_n at_o canterbury_n and_z st._n augustine_n late_a abbey_n there_o phrased_a all_o of_o they_o after_o this_o manner_n tenendum_fw-la ad_fw-la or_o in_o gavelikendam_fw-la etc._n etc._n i_o presume_v he_o have_v cite_v the_o principall_a of_o they_o and_o if_o so_o then_o i_o assure_v you_o i_o be_o not_o stumble_v at_o any_o of_o they_o and_o first_o 39_o pag._n 39_o for_o that_o deed_n of_o the_o son_n of_o wibaldus_n who_o do_v grant_v infirmis_fw-la de_fw-la herbaldune_fw-la unam_fw-la acram_fw-la &_o dimidiam_fw-la terrae_fw-la scil_n langenekre_n cum_fw-la fratre_fw-la svo_fw-la wiberto_n infirmo_fw-la in_o perpetuam_fw-la eleemâ—synam_n and_o to_o gavelkynd_n reddendo_fw-la sibi_fw-la dvos_fw-la denarios_fw-la etc._n etc._n mr._n s._n right_o collect_v from_o the_o mould_n and_o cast_v of_o that_o deed_n the_o bind_n of_o the_o heir_n in_o relation_n to_o their_o gift_n for_o these_o son_n of_o wibaldus_n and_o their_o son_n and_o heir_n and_o their_o daughter_n do_v all_o join_v in_o the_o alienation_n of_o this_o acre_n and_o a_o half_a to_o herbaldune_v hospital_n i_o will_v not_o trouble_v myself_o about_o the_o deed_n to_o quarrel_v at_o their_o scrivener_n who_o seldom_o find_v dimidiam_fw-la write_v for_o dimidium_fw-la or_o believe_v that_o he_o may_v in_o his_o intermixture_n of_o and_o to_o gavelkynd_n make_v a_o ignorant_a coherence_n we_o will_v grant_v it_o all_o right_a and_o straight_o and_o take_v along_o with_o we_o what_o mr._n s._n say_v pag._n 51._o that_o such_o a_o expression_n as_o tenendum_fw-la in_fw-la or_o ad_fw-la gavelkynd_n or_o the_o like_a be_v necessary_a to_o render_v the_o grant_v land_n partible_a after_o the_o custom_n of_o gavelkind_n without_o the_o help_n of_o prescription_n requisite_a in_o partible_a land_n else_o where_o out_o of_o kent_n and_o hereupon_o refer_v to_o the_o plead_n of_o burga_n the_o wife_n of_o peter_n the_o bend_v put_v down_o and_o publish_v in_o the_o appendix_n to_o his_o book_n script_n 5._o but_o the_o first_o he_o will_v have_v to_o be_v a_o gift_n or_o grant_n in_o perpetuam_fw-la but_o not_o in_o puram_fw-la eleemosynam_fw-la there_o be_v no_o more_o than_o perpetuam_fw-la which_o whether_o it_o be_v or_o not_o be_v nothing_o to_o our_o purpose_n but_o the_o reddendum_fw-la as_o well_o as_o the_o tenendum_fw-la in_o that_o deed_n have_v somewhat_o not_o familiar_a for_o it_o be_v say_v there_o reddendo_fw-la sibi_fw-la dvos_fw-la denarios_fw-la etc._n etc._n which_o sibi_fw-la have_v relation_n to_o wiberto_n infirmo_fw-la the_o last_o immediate_o before_o mention_v rather_o than_o to_o any_o other_o in_o that_o deed_n for_o all_o other_o person_n therein_o comprehend_v be_v by_o double_n as_o nos_fw-la filios_fw-la wibaldi_n herbwinum_fw-la &_o eilwardum_fw-la haeredes_fw-la suos_fw-la thomam_fw-la &_o paganum_fw-la with_o this_o also_o hoc_fw-la concedunt_fw-la filiae_fw-la suae_fw-la basilia_n &_o
observe_v original_o british_n come_v of_o their_o mael_n which_o say_v he_o in_o the_o welsh_a vocabulary_a be_v in_o latin_a render_v lucrum_fw-la emolumentum_fw-la quaestus_fw-la as_o maelio_n the_o verb_n lucrari_fw-la quaestum_fw-la facere_fw-la and_o yet_o this_o welsh_a word_n be_v not_o only_o make_v saxon_a or_o english_a but_o for_o the_o great_a use_n they_o have_v of_o it_o a_o sort_n of_o latin_a also_o for_o we_o find_v some_o land_n be_v hold_v ancient_o per_fw-la gablum_fw-la &_o malum_fw-la the_o name_n of_o town_n be_v like_o the_o ancient_a nuptial_n of_o which_o king_n edward_n the_o confessor_n speak_v betwixt_o the_o saxon_n and_o britain_n by_o which_o they_o become_v one_o nation_n so_o that_o the_o denomination_n of_o ancient_a city_n and_o place_n do_v and_o do_v for_o the_o most_o part_n participate_v of_o both_o as_o in_o durham_n dunholne_n dorchester_n the_o first_o syllable_n be_v british_n the_o late_a saxon._n chester_n be_v a_o saxon_a imitation_n of_o the_o latin_a castrum_n for_o which_o the_o britain_n have_v a_o word_n of_o their_o own_o viz._n taer_n and_o all_o those_o denomination_n of_o place_n with_o the_o faid_a saxon_a termination_n of_o checter_n be_v demonstration_n of_o roman_a fortification_n in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o britain_n as_o well_o as_o note_n of_o the_o saxon_a intermixture_n of_o which_o sort_n there_o be_v very_o many_o in_o the_o like_a manner_n may_v it_o fall_v out_o with_o this_o termination_n of_o our_o word_n in_o controversy_n that_o in_o case_n kind_a shall_v chance_v to_o be_v a_o saxon_a affix_v such_o a_o mixture_n will_v not_o prove_v a_o thing_n unusual_a in_o their_o practice_n and_o may_v very_o proper_o be_v so_o conjoin_v if_o kind_a or_o as_o it_o be_v in_o the_o saxon_a gecynd_n signify_v the_o same_o thing_n as_o in_o mankind_n and_o be_v in_o latin_a render_v genus_fw-la humanum_fw-la aut_fw-la natura_fw-la it_o may_v then_o be_v suppose_v that_o the_o saxon_n meet_v with_o the_o british_a gavel_n and_o understand_v it_o to_o be_v their_o common_a tenure_n add_v something_o to_o express_v it_o to_o their_o own_o apprehension_n which_o be_v set_v together_o will_v signify_v and_o that_o proper_o enough_o genus_fw-la tenurae_fw-la for_o that_o kind_a of_o tenure_n deserve_v to_o have_v a_o denomination_n of_o great_a remark_n it_o be_v if_o not_o the_o only_a yet_o the_o most_o eminent_a and_o most_o general_a tenure_n among_o they_o but_o have_v already_o herein_o profess_a scepticism_n profess_a scepticism_n scepticism_n i_o will_v not_o attempt_v to_o impose_v upon_o the_o reader_n either_o the_o one_o or_o the_o other_o though_o either_o of_o they_o may_v pass_v without_o the_o least_o injury_n to_o the_o tenure_n leave_v it_o to_o the_o investigation_n of_o some_o more_o at_o leisure_n provide_v that_o you_o conceive_v i_o not_o to_o have_v forsake_v my_o ground_n or_o give_v back_o in_o the_o concernment_n of_o the_o main_a part_n of_o the_o word_n and_o that_o which_o be_v most_o material_a to_o the_o original_n of_o gavel_n although_o it_o have_v as_o many_o termination_n as_o either_o a_o latin_a or_o greek_a word_n decline_v in_o its_o several_a case_n and_o therefore_o leave_v it_o only_o desire_v a_o acceptation_n of_o this_o essay_n in_o good_a part_n without_o a_o condemnation_n thereof_o until_o a_o better_a can_v be_v produce_v and_o so_o i_o pass_v my_o discourse_n over_o to_o treat_v somewhat_o chap._n xii_o concern_v the_o german_a landscheutan_a and_o their_o ignorance_n of_o gavelkynd_n notwithstanding_o the_o uncertainty_n we_o labour_v under_o as_o to_o the_o termination_n in_o the_o precedent_a chapter_n yet_o in_o this_o we_o shall_v show_v how_o that_o the_o saxon_n and_o the_o german_n have_v the_o use_n of_o this_o partible_a tenure_n from_o great_a antiquity_n have_v a_o particular_a denomination_n for_o it_o not_o make_v use_n of_o any_o part_n of_o the_o word_n in_o question_n and_o mr._n s._n himself_o in_o his_o 45_o page_n write_v thus_o that_o such_o be_v the_o nature_n and_o condition_n of_o gavelkind-land_n be_v not_o only_o subject_a and_o liable_a to_o what_o the_o civilian_n in_o their_o phrase_n be_v wont_a to_o call_v judicium_fw-la or_o actio_fw-la familiae_fw-la herciscundae_fw-la de_fw-la communi_fw-la dividundo_fw-la the_o â—eudists_n adaequatio_fw-la paragium_fw-la we_o in_o our_o language_n call_v it_o coparcenary-land-shifting_a and_o the_o like_a but_o withal_o so_o subject_a to_o it_o as_o that_o partition_n do_v always_o accompany_v land_n of_o that_o nature_n and_o be_v indeed_o as_o inseparable_a from_o it_o as_o the_o contrary_a from_o knights-service-land_n what_o be_v here_o call_v coparcenary-land-shifting_a will_v afford_v we_o one_o glimpse_n of_o light_n more_o to_o our_o undertake_n for_o if_o the_o actio_fw-la de_fw-fr communi_fw-la dividundo_fw-la according_a to_o the_o civillian_n join_v with_o adaequatio_fw-la and_o paragium_fw-la according_a to_o the_o feudist_n be_v put_v in_o parallel_n with_o land-shifting_a they_o will_v all_o prove_v to_o express_v the_o same_o thing_n as_o gavelkind_n do_v for_o although_o the_o german_n have_v this_o tenure_n of_o partition_n as_o i_o have_v say_v yet_o understand_v they_o not_o nor_o know_v any_o thing_n of_o the_o word_n gavelkynd_n nor_o of_o its_o sound_n which_o have_v it_o be_v of_o a_o saxon_a pedigree_n assure_o they_o will_v have_v find_v out_o the_o kindred_n and_o relation_n it_o have_v to_o their_o speech_n and_o how_o all_o germany_n shall_v so_o irrecoverable_o lose_v the_o denomination_n of_o a_o thing_n of_o so_o great_a consequence_n as_o this_o tenure_n have_v be_v and_o be_v at_o this_o day_n and_o nominate_v it_o by_o a_o word_n that_o have_v not_o any_o affinity_n of_o sound_n to_o our_o gavelkynd_n and_o notwithstanding_o all_o this_o that_o this_o gavelkynd_n shall_v be_v of_o a_o saxon_a original_a and_o foster_v and_o know_v in_o our_o island_n and_o after_o many_o century_n of_o year_n again_o father_v upon_o they_o who_o neither_o by_o themselves_o nor_o by_o their_o neighbour_n can_v fasten_v any_o acquaintance_n with_o it_o be_v consideration_n very_o strange_a and_o wonderful_a to_o i_o the_o tenure_n they_o have_v and_o express_v it_o i_o say_v by_o a_o genuine_a and_o significant_a word_n of_o their_o own_o calling_z it_o land-skiftan_a as_o i_o find_v it_o most_o common_o write_v which_o some_o expound_v to_o signify_v part-land_n and_o i_o think_v be_v improper_o write_v land-shifting_a for_o land_n be_v as_o well_o say_v to_o be_v shift_v when_o upon_o the_o father_n decease_n they_o descend_v to_o one_o son_n as_o when_o they_o be_v part_v among_o many_o so_o that_o shift_a do_v not_o so_o proper_o signify_v a_o partition_n as_o it_o do_v a_o alienation_n but_o proper_o i_o find_v it_o to_o be_v the_o procedure_n of_o a_o word_n in_o dutch_a name_v scheut_n or_o as_o in_o the_o plural_a number_n it_o be_v scheuten_n which_o be_v the_o denomination_n for_o that_o which_o the_o latin_n call_v surculus_fw-la and_o believe_v that_o hence_o it_o be_v that_o we_o in_o our_o english_a call_v young_a twig_n or_o branch_n shoot_v so_o that_o land-skiftan_a or_o landscheutan_a be_v the_o same_o in_o signification_n with_o gavelkynd_n both_o signify_v tenura_n or_o terra_fw-la familias_fw-la progenici_fw-la stirpis_fw-la aut_fw-la surculorum_fw-la which_o be_v the_o tenure_n or_o the_o land_n belong_v unto_o the_o young_a twig_n or_o branch_n of_o a_o family_n or_o generation_n if_o you_o grant_v i_o the_o entire_a british_a interpretation_n thereof_o but_o whether_o it_o be_v denominate_v as_o mr._n s._n and_o other_o have_v it_o land-shifting_a or_o this_o way_n which_o i_o adhere_v unto_o i_o will_v not_o make_v it_o my_o business_n about_o it_o to_o contend_v only_o let_v i_o re-mind_n you_o that_o this_o custom_n be_v so_o far_o and_o free_o own_v among_o the_o german_n even_o among_o their_o prince_n in_o relation_n to_o the_o divide_v and_o part_v the_o land_n of_o their_o principality_n as_o ever_o it_o have_v be_v in_o former_a time_n among_o the_o welsh_a and_o that_o all_o those_o other_o tenor_n by_o which_o land_n be_v now_o hold_v be_v to_o be_v reckon_v and_o esteem_v but_o as_o so_o many_o intruder_n and_o novice_n over_o all_o europe_n they_o be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n the_o effect_n of_o the_o policy_n of_o conqueror_n for_o the_o more_o secure_a settlement_n of_o their_o militia_n which_o usher_v in_o the_o matter_n of_o the_o next_o chapter_n which_o shall_v be_v to_o show_v chap._n xiii_o when_o and_o for_o what_o reason_n primogeniture_n have_v the_o preference_n although_o this_o theme_n may_v give_v i_o occasion_n to_o look_v very_o far_o backward_o to_o the_o first_o grant_v preference_n to_o primogeniture_n yet_o i_o shall_v undertake_v no_o further_o than_o to_o discourse_v upon_o it_o in_o contemplation_n of_o what_o mr._n s._n say_v in_o his_o page_n viz._n the_o conqueror_n consent_v to_o the_o succession_n
be_v have_v to_o the_o condition_n and_o quality_n of_o the_o land_n in_o say_v 374._o say_v pag._n 374._o sicut_fw-la de_fw-fr gavelkynd_n vel_fw-la alibi_fw-la ubi_fw-la terra_fw-la partibilis_fw-la est_fw-la ratione_fw-la terrae_fw-la then_o will_v i_o be_v inform_v what_o they_o mean_v by_o this_o ratione_fw-la terrae_fw-la for_o if_o the_o ratio_fw-la rei_fw-la signify_v the_o tenure_n than_o the_o ratio_fw-la terrae_fw-la shall_v have_v relation_n to_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o soil_n for_o sure_a it_o can_v have_v relation_n to_o the_o distance_n or_o difference_n by_o the_o celestial_a degree_n i_o can_v i_o confess_v apprehend_v the_o nicety_n of_o the_o distinction_n and_o therefore_o pass_v to_o that_o which_o mr._n 44._o mr._n pag._n 44._o s._n say_v that_o that_o property_n alone_o of_o the_o land_n be_v gavelkynd_n or_o so_o call_v do_v not_o suffice_v to_o render_v it_o partible_n if_o the_o question_n be_v so_o far_o obtain_v and_o grant_v that_o gavel-kind_n signify_v natura_fw-la redditus_fw-la and_o that_o that_o be_v the_o genuine_a etymology_n thereof_o then_o must_v it_o be_v true_a and_o concede_v but_o on_o the_o contrary_a i_o know_v much_o gavelkynd_n land_n that_o be_v not_o subject_v to_o rent_n how_o will_v it_o then_o answer_v the_o tenor_n derivation_n and_o signification_n whereas_o in_o this_o exposition_n of_o the_o â—erm_n that_o i_o have_v give_v viz._n tenura_n progenici_fw-la aut_fw-la familias_fw-la division_n significant_o reside_v in_o its_o name_n and_o nature_n i_o be_o sure_a the_o inference_n be_v so_o strong_a that_o where_o there_o be_v gavelkynd_n there_o be_v partition_n and_o it_o may_v as_o proper_o be_v say_v that_o the_o tenure_n of_o burgh-english_a by_o the_o intrinsical_a value_v of_o its_o name_n do_v not_o import_n the_o young_a son_n shall_v inherit_v the_o land_n as_o that_o gavelkind_a do_v not_o infer_v a_o regular_a participation_n upon_o partition_n by_o the_o parcener_n which_o to_o strengthen_v it_o the_o more_o be_v now_o become_v a_o ancient_a custom_n and_o this_o sir_n 165._o sir_n lib._n 2._o sect._n 165._o edward_n coke_n say_v be_v one_o of_o the_o main_a triangle_n of_o the_o law_n of_o england_n these_o law_n be_v divide_v into_o common-law_n statute-law_n and_o custom_n of_o the_o last_o of_o which_o he_o add_v out_o of_o bracton_n that_o consuetudo_fw-la quandoque_fw-la pro_fw-la lege_fw-la servatur_fw-la in_fw-la partibus_fw-la ubi_fw-la fuerit_fw-la more_fw-it utentium_fw-la approbata_fw-la &_o vicem_fw-la leg_n be_v obtinet_fw-la long_o ae_z vi_fw-la enim_fw-la tempor_fw-la be_v usus_fw-la &_o consuetudinis_fw-la non_fw-la est_fw-la vilis_fw-la autoritas_fw-la long_fw-mi possessio_fw-la sicut_fw-la ejus_fw-la parit_fw-la jus_o possidendi_fw-la &_o tollit_fw-la actionem_fw-la vero_fw-la domino_fw-la so_o that_o its_o continuance_n for_o so_o long_a a_o time_n to_o be_v a_o custom_n give_v it_o a_o privilege_n without_o any_o impropriety_n of_o speech_n to_o be_v call_v a_o law_n notwithstanding_o the_o several_a usage_n in_o this_o tenure_n and_o although_o mr._n s._n seem_v startle_v at_o what_o be_v before_o cite_v out_o of_o bracton_n sicut_fw-la de_fw-fr gavelkynd_n well_fw-mi alibi_n ubi_fw-la terra_fw-la est_fw-la partibilis_fw-la etc._n etc._n there_o be_v no_o reason_n that_o this_o alibi_n shall_v so_o offend_v he_o as_o to_o call_v it_o a_o improper_a expression_n for_o i_o believe_v there_o be_v scarce_o a_o county_n in_o england_n but_o have_v this_o tenure_n more_o or_o less_o beside_o what_o place_n i_o have_v already_o cite_v in_o this_o discourse_n i_o know_v there_o be_v much_o in_o shropshire_n yet_o take_v one_o more_o upon_o the_o other_o side_n of_o the_o kingdom_n in_o the_o county_n of_o norfolk_n which_o be_v thus_o record_v in_o the_o chamberlain_n office_n of_o the_o exchequer_n placita_fw-la coram_fw-la rege_fw-la anno_fw-la 20._o edw._n 3._o term._n hillar_n norfol._n 97._o asss._n in_o qua_fw-la johs_n buxkyn_n chr_n profert_fw-la scriptum_fw-la relaxationis_fw-la johis_fw-la de_fw-la pickering_n &_o willielmi_n fratris_fw-la ejus_fw-la gallicè_fw-la factum_fw-la de_fw-la medietat_fw-la vi_fw-la mess_n etc._n etc._n &_o iiii_o tercellorum_fw-la in_o clipesby_n billokby_n etc._n etc._n in_o hoc_fw-la placito_fw-la patet_fw-la quod_fw-la tenementa_fw-la quae_fw-la sunt_fw-la de_fw-la feodo_fw-la de_fw-fr pickering_n sunt_fw-la partibilia_fw-la inter_fw-la masculos_fw-la so_o that_o turn_n into_o what_o part_n of_o the_o kingdom_n you_o please_v i_o believe_v you_o will_v find_v gavel-kind_n but_o mr._n s._n proceed_v by_o way_n of_o wonder_n say_v we_o be_v tell_v that_o this_o custom_n of_o gavelkynd_n partition_n take_v place_n have_v do_v at_o least_o in_o other_o county_n and_o sir_n edward_n coke_n in_o the_o same_o manner_n have_v lapse_v into_o the_o like_a misapprehension_n for_o upon_o these_o word_n of_o littleton_n en_fw-fr le_fw-fr county_n de_fw-fr kent_n he_o make_v this_o note_n for_o that_o say_v he_o in_o no_o county_n of_o england_n land_n at_o this_o day_n be_v of_o the_o nature_n of_o gavel-kind_n of_o common_a right_n save_v in_o kent_n only_o but_o yet_o he_o present_o add_v in_o divers_a part_n of_o england_n within_z divers_z manor_n and_o signory_n the_o like_a custom_n be_v in_o force_n for_o my_o part_n i_o must_v acknowledge_v i_o be_o to_o seek_v as_o to_o the_o neatness_n of_o the_o distinction_n first_o saying_n that_o no_o county_n of_o england_n have_v land_n it_o be_v not_o say_v all_o the_o land_n of_o the_o county_n of_o the_o nature_n of_o gavel-kind_n of_o common_a right_n and_o yet_o that_o in_o divers_a part_n of_o england_n within_z divers_z manor_n and_o signory_n the_o like_a custom_n be_v in_o force_n if_o the_o salvo_n lie_v in_o this_o word_n viz._n of_o common_a right_n i_o will_v willing_o be_v satisfy_v whether_o land_n in_o gavel-kind_n do_v not_o pass_v both_o according_a to_o common_a right_n as_o well_o as_o common_a law_n 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the_o custom_n of_o gavelkind_a partition_n or_o inquire_v of_o the_o customer_n you_o will_v find_v they_o no_o stranger_n to_o the_o denomination_n of_o gavel_n and_o the_o word_n in_o use_n among_o they_o even_o to_o express_v the_o tenure_n littleton_n word_n be_v these_o auxy_n tiel_n custom_n est_fw-fr en_fw-fr autres_fw-fr lieux_fw-fr dengleterr_v &_o auxy_n tiel_n custom_n est_fw-fr en_fw-fr north-gale_n etc._n etc._n which_o be_v as_o much_o as_o to_o say_v also_o such_o custom_n he_o write_v of_o parcener_n by_o custom_n which_o be_v gavel-kind_n there_o be_v in_o other_o place_n of_o england_n and_o also_o such_o custom_n be_v in_o north-wales_n etc._n etc._n and_o the_o like_a custom_n as_o our_o author_n mention_n to_o be_v in_o north-wales_n he_o say_v be_v also_o in_o ireland_n for_o there_o he_o add_v the_o land_n also_o which_o be_v one_o mark_v of_o the_o ancient_a briton_n mark_v this_o be_v of_o the_o nature_n of_o gavel-kind_n for_o that_o by_o their_o brehon-law_n 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britain_n there_o they_o drive_v out_o the_o pict_n total_o and_o seat_v themselves_o in_o their_o place_n upon_o which_o account_n it_o be_v that_o they_o not_o have_v any_o person_n with_o who_o they_o may_v co-inhabit_a and_o so_o participate_v of_o their_o custom_n be_v upon_o their_o settlement_n constrain_v to_o create_v new_a custom_n or_o else_o to_o revive_v their_o own_o for_o their_o best_a security_n i_o think_v they_o much_o in_o a_o error_n who_o affirm_v that_o the_o identity_n of_o language_n betwixt_o we_o and_o scotland_n be_v occasion_v from_o the_o multitude_n of_o the_o profugi_fw-la or_o such_o as_o for_o the_o security_n of_o their_o person_n flee_v under_o the_o protection_n of_o malcolm_n canmoir_n king_n of_o scotland_n in_o the_o time_n of_o william_n the_o conqueror_n certain_o consider_v the_o old_a animosity_n betwixt_o the_o two_o nation_n it_o will_v have_v ill_o become_v the_o courtesy_n at_o least_o the_o policy_n of_o the_o scotch_a king_n to_o have_v 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be_v not_o probable_a they_o fix_v here_o at_o this_o time_n again_o they_o have_v much_o war_n with_o the_o saxon_n when_o the_o kingdom_n of_o northumberland_n be_v plant_v in_o their_o neighbourhood_n which_o may_v possible_o afford_v some_o small_a knowledge_n of_o the_o language_n one_o to_o the_o other_o but_o not_o enough_o to_o confine_v the_o scottish_a tongue_n within_o the_o mountain_n and_o highland_n of_o scotland_n what_o i_o find_v in_o the_o scottish_a history_n write_v by_o john_n lesley_n bishop_n of_o rosse_n a_o person_n of_o great_a repute_n be_v ambassador_n for_o mary_n queen_n of_o scot_n in_o the_o court_n of_o queen_n elizabeth_n in_o england_n who_o book_n be_v print_v at_o rome_n in_o the_o year_n of_o our_o lord_n 1578._o be_v that_o out_o of_o which_o i_o shall_v collect_v this_o ensue_a discourse_n kenneth_n the_o 69_o king_n of_o scot_n who_o flourish_v about_o the_o year_n of_o christ_n 840._o defeat_a the_o pict_n near_o storling_n and_o improve_n 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milites_fw-la victoria_fw-la infolentes_fw-la â—cctem_fw-la sequentem_fw-la sine_fw-la excubiis_fw-la supiâ—t_fw-la sine_fw-la ordine_fw-la sparsi_fw-la sine_fw-la disciplina_fw-la negligentes_fw-la sine_fw-la timore_fw-la stulti_fw-la in_fw-la luxu_fw-la &_o compotationibus_fw-la consumunt_fw-la hostess_fw-la de_fw-la hac_fw-la re_fw-mi certioâ—_n factus_fw-la &_o ad_fw-la omnem_fw-la occasionem_fw-la intentus_fw-la illos_fw-la media_fw-la nocte_fw-la somno_fw-la vinoque_fw-la sepulâ—os_fw-la opprimit_fw-la interfectisque_fw-la circiter_fw-la viginti_fw-la millibus_fw-la ipsum_fw-la donaldum_n cum_fw-la nobilibus_fw-la domum_fw-la captivum_fw-la ducit_fw-la denaldus_n ut_fw-la se_fw-la in_o libertatem_fw-la assererel_n omnem_fw-la regionem_fw-la inter_fw-la strivelingum_n &_o cludam_fw-la amnem_fw-la inte_fw-mi jectam_fw-la britannis_fw-la &_o saxonibus_fw-la dedidit_fw-la annuaeque_fw-la pecuniae_fw-la tributi_fw-la nomine_fw-la pendendae_fw-la conditione_n seize_v astr_v it_o here_o i_o observe_v that_o this_o losâ—_n that_o donald_n receive_v give_v opportunity_n to_o the_o britain_n and_o saxon_n their_o plant_n themselves_o in_o the_o lowland_n the_o scot_n be_v reforce_v into_o the_o highland_n but_o concern_v the_o limit_n and_o bound_n betwixt_o these_o and_o the_o scot_n he_o give_v we_o a_o particular_a account_n and_o show_v in_o what_o part_n the_o one_o inhabit_v and_o in_o what_o part_n the_o other_o and_o inform_v we_o that_o these_o angli-saxones_n in_o huius_fw-la pugnae_fw-la memoriam_fw-la strivelingi_n arcem_fw-la prius_fw-la dirutam_fw-la iterum_fw-la extruxerunt_fw-la fortheam_n quoque_fw-la ponte_fw-la munierunt_fw-la quopostea_fw-la in_o loco_fw-la crucem_fw-la tanquam_fw-la victoriae_fw-la signum_fw-la sustulerunt_fw-la cvi_fw-la two_o versus_fw-la aetatem_fw-la illam_fw-la satis_fw-la redolentes_fw-la affabrè_fw-la insculpti_fw-la sunt_fw-la angelo_fw-mi los_fw-es à _fw-la stotis_fw-la separat_fw-la crux_fw-la ista_fw-la remote_a be_v arma_fw-la hic_fw-la stant_fw-la brutti_n stant_fw-la scoti_n sub_fw-la hac_fw-la cruse_n tuti_fw-la interea_fw-la picti_n qui_fw-la scoticae_fw-la cladis_fw-la auctores_fw-la fuerant_fw-la tota_fw-la albione_fw-la à _fw-la saxonibus_fw-la praecipites_fw-la ejiciuntur_fw-la and_o to_o this_o buchanan_n add_v that_o durae_fw-la conditione_n praepositae_fw-la quas_fw-la tamen_fw-la praesens_fw-la rerum_fw-la status_fw-la tolerabiles_fw-la faciebat_fw-la vidert_fw-ge ut_fw-la omni_fw-la agro_fw-la qui_fw-la inter_fw-la vallum_fw-la severi_n esset_fw-la scoti_n cederent_fw-la
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seat_n a_o several_a office_n in_o the_o king_n hall_n then_o be_v he_o from_o thenceforth_o the_o theine_n right-worthy_a and_o if_o a_o theyn_z so_o thrive_v that_o he_o serve_v the_o king_n on_o his_o message_n on_o his_o journey-ward_n in_o his_o household_n if_o he_o than_o have_v a_o theyn_z which_z him_z followed_z who_o to_o the_o king_n experience_n have_v five_o hide_n and_o in_o the_o king_n palace_n his_o lord_n have_v serve_v and_o thrice_o with_o his_o errand_n have_v go_v to_o the_o king_n he_o may_v afterward_o with_o his_o fore-oath_n his_o lord_n part_v play_v at_o need_n and_o if_o a_o thein_n that_o he_o become_v a_o earl_n than_o be_v he_o from_o henceforth_o the_o theins_n right-worthy_a and_o if_o a_o scholar_n so_o thrive_v through_o learning_n that_o he_o have_v degree_n and_o serve_v christ_n he_o be_v thenceforth_o of_o dignity_n and_o peace_n so_o much_o worthy_a as_o thereunto_o belong_v unless_o he_o forfeit_v so_o that_o he_o the_o use_n of_o his_o 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the_o conquest_n which_o this_o law_n show_v to_o the_o contrary_a in_o give_v you_o a_o account_n of_o such_o even_a at_o this_o time_n of_o the_o collection_n of_o these_o law_n kingsvillein_n and_o noblemens-villeins_a in_o another_o law_n it_o be_v that_o si_fw-mi filia_fw-la villani_n eat_v in_o rapinam_fw-la cum_fw-la aliquo_fw-la postea_fw-la ab_fw-la eodem_fw-la sit_fw-la repudiata_fw-la reddat_fw-la 〈◊〉_d animalia_fw-la tria_fw-la supradicte_n etatis_fw-la another_o law_n provide_v what_o the_o wife_n of_o a_o nobleman_n may_v bestow_v without_o her_o husband_n consent_n and_o what_o she_o may_v lend_v without_o his_o consent_n but_o enact_v that_o uxor_fw-la villani_n nichil_fw-la potest_fw-la dare_v sine_fw-la lioentia_fw-la villani_n nec_fw-la mitram_fw-la nec_fw-la aliquod_fw-la accommodare_fw-la nisi_fw-la cribrum_fw-la tam_fw-la long_o quod_fw-la vox_fw-la ejus_fw-la possit_fw-la audiri_fw-la stans_fw-la in_o limine_fw-la domû_v sue_v dum_fw-la clamat_fw-la propter_fw-la illud_fw-la all_o these_o law_n be_v of_o several_a concernment_n but_o do_v all_o express_o prove_v villeinage_n above_o one_o hundred_o year_n before_o the_o norman_a conquest_n and_o so_o by_o what_o i_o have_v say_v before_o concern_v the_o law_n of_o howel-dda_a probable_o to_o be_v a_o ancient_a british_a usage_n for_o the_o word_n clown_n think_v to_o be_v derive_v from_o the_o latin_a word_n colonus_n from_o whenâ—e_n also_o be_v the_o british_a word_n klw_v and_o be_v the_o same_o with_o the_o dutch_a word_n boer_n which_o by_o a_o syncope_n be_v use_v for_o bouwer_n from_o the_o word_n bouwen_n id_fw-la est_fw-la arare_fw-la colere_fw-la agrum_fw-la as_o minshew_n have_v it_o what_o reproach_n can_v there_o probable_o be_v in_o that_o denomination_n yet_o now_o what_o ignominy_n do_v it_o carry_v with_o it_o the_o like_a may_v be_v say_v of_o the_o last_o which_o be_v call_v paganus_fw-la in_o latin_a but_o in_o english_a pain_n which_o become_v a_o surname_n to_o a_o family_n and_o a_o christian_a name_n to_o several_a great_a person_n but_o minshew_n have_v this_o story_n of_o the_o original_a of_o the_o name_n which_o carry_v in_o my_o judgement_n no_o great_a store_n of_o probability_n with_o it_o but_o as_o it_o be_v i_o will_v transcribe_v it_o under_o the_o word_n pagan_a he_o say_v a_o judaeis_n defluxâ—ssâ—â—mos_fw-la hic_fw-la &_o appellatio_fw-la rei_fw-la videtur_fw-la cum_fw-la enim_fw-la inter_fw-la judaeos_fw-la hâ—erosolyma_n tantum_fw-la civitas_fw-la erat_fw-la nullisque_fw-la nisi_fw-la judaeis_n ad_fw-la illam_fw-la dabatur_fw-la accessus_fw-la reliqur_n own_v hebraeis_n erant_fw-la pagani_n in_o pagis_fw-la quasi_fw-la extra_fw-la cioitatem_fw-la &_o populum_fw-la dei_fw-la constituti_fw-la &_o out_o of_o the_o eight_o book_n of_o isid_n he_o bring_v another_o story_n much_o to_o the_o same_o purpose_n pagani_n inquie_n ex_fw-la â—â—agis_fw-la atheniensium_fw-la dicti_fw-la ubi_fw-la exorti_fw-la sunt_fw-la ibi_fw-la enim_fw-la in_o locis_fw-la agrestibus_fw-la &_o pagis_fw-la gentile_n lucos_fw-la idolaque_fw-la statuerunt_fw-la &_o a_o tali_fw-la inilio_fw-la vocabulum_fw-la sortitisunt_fw-la i_o be_o persuade_v that_o paganus_fw-la come_v from_o pagus_n but_o i_o find_v that_o cyflifc_n the_o saxon_a pagan_n have_v great_a priveleges_n than_o a_o villain_n for_o that_o he_o be_v bind_v to_o military_a service_n as_o in_o the_o 52_o and_o 64_o law_n of_o king_n ina_n which_o for_o brevity_n sake_n i_o shall_v pass_v by_o only_o take_v notice_n that_o of_o all_o such_o denomination_n there_o have_v rise_v term_n of_o disgrace_n which_o be_v not_o so_o in_o the_o first_o usage_n thereof_o so_o be_v it_o familiar_o give_v to_o we_o concern_v the_o common_a denomination_n of_o the_o term_n knave_n which_o be_v a_o word_n take_v from_o the_o britain_n who_o call_v a_o household_n servant_n or_o rather_o such_o a_o one_o as_o attend_v upon_o the_o person_n of_o another_o in_o their_o language_n knaf_n and_o be_v also_o one_o that_o be_v not_o yet_o proper_o say_v to_o be_v a_o man_n but_o be_v betwixt_o a_o boy_n and_o a_o man_n in_o the_o sense_n of_o a_o servant_n it_o be_v use_v in_o stat._n 1._o cap._n 3._o an._n 14_o ed._n 3._o but_o in_o its_o corruption_n and_o as_o it_o be_v now_o receive_v it_o be_v a_o word_n of_o great_a disgrace_n and_o express_v one_o that_o falsify_v his_o trust_n christ_n m_o s._n obit_n eccles_n heref_o penes_fw-la authorem_fw-la paul_n in_o our_o elder_a translation_n be_v render_v the_o knave_n of_o jesus_n christ_n to_o express_v that_o which_o we_o now_o read_v the_o servant_n of_o jesus_n christ_n in_o a_o old_a obit_n book_n that_o i_o have_v former_o belong_v to_o the_o church_n of_o hereford_n there_o be_v mention_n of_o a_o benefactor_n call_v simon_n gods-â—nave_a from_o who_o i_o believe_v at_o this_o day_n a_o certain_a place_n in_o the_o city_n of_o hereford_n be_v call_v gods-knave-inne_n which_o certain_o have_v no_o more_o in_o the_o signification_n than_o the_o servant_n of_o god_n by_o this_o we_o see_v that_o from_o such_o like_a word_n and_o denomination_n as_o these_o be_v surname_n be_v derive_v though_o it_o may_v now_o seem_v strange_a to_o we_o to_o meet_v with_o such_o appellation_n it_o appear_v that_o they_o be_v not_o so_o curious_a of_o procure_v excellent_a one_o to_o transmit_v to_o their_o posterity_n but_o accept_v of_o any_o serious_a or_o jocular_a some_o from_o shape_n of_o body_n other_o from_o quality_n of_o the_o mind_n some_o from_o trade_n office_n etc._n etc._n but_o i_o can_v let_v that_o pass_n without_o notice_n which_o for_o a_o surname_n i_o meet_v with_o in_o the_o second_o volume_n of_o domesdey_n in_o the_o survey_n of_o the_o connty_n of_o essex_n be_v there_o register_v as_o one_o of_o the_o trans_n tenentes_fw-la of_o that_o county_n where_o it_o be_v thus_o record_v 53._o record_v the_o land_n of_o roger_n god_n save_o the_o lady_n for_o the_o word_n domina_fw-la say_v judge_n dodaridge_n in_o his_o treatise_n of_o the_o baron_n pag._n 151._o signify_v lady_n or_o dame_n so_o woman_n after_o
fourteen_o year_n of_o age_n be_v call_v domine_fw-la as_o also_o those_o which_o be_v ancient_o navigeal_v woman_n in_o earnest_n that_o be_v a_o hard_a word_n and_o by_o our_o english_a poet_n dame_n etc._n etc._n sed_fw-la vid._n seldeas_n title_n of_o honour_n 1_o part_n fol._n 53._o terra_fw-la rogeri_n deus_fw-la salvet_fw-la dominas_fw-la but_o i_o have_v do_v with_o the_o tenure_n of_o villeinage_n and_o the_o antiquity_n thereof_o of_o the_o use_n and_o abuse_v of_o ancient_a denomination_n and_o appellation_n i_o shall_v only_o add_v one_o or_o two_o word_n as_o a_o mite_n cast_v into_o mr._n s_n treasury_n which_o be_v by_o way_n of_o approbation_n of_o what_o he_o have_v learned_o discourse_v concern_v sok_n and_o sak_n evict_v that_o common_a receive_v opinion_n which_o make_v it_o signify_v the_o service_n of_o the_o plough_n but_o minshew_n upon_o the_o word_n say_v that_o soca_n be_v a_o word_n signify_v a_o power_n or_o liberty_n of_o jurisdiction_n as_o appear_v by_o these_o word_n out_o of_o bracton_n sunt_fw-la quidam_fw-la barones_n &_o alii_fw-la libertatem_fw-la habentes_fw-la scil_n soc_n &_o sac._n tol_o &_o thean_n infangthefe_a &_o utfangthefe_a &_o isti_fw-la possunt_fw-la judicare_fw-la in_o curia_fw-la sva_fw-la eum_fw-la qui_fw-la inventus_fw-la fuerit_fw-la infra_fw-la libertatem_fw-la svam_fw-la seisitus_fw-la de_fw-la aliquo_fw-la latrocinio_fw-la manifesto_fw-la the_o selfsame_a interpretation_n do_v mr._n lambard_n give_v it_o in_o his_o translation_n of_o the_o saxon-law_n for_o among_o the_o rest_n in_o those_o of_o king-ina_n be_v cyfic_n socnum_fw-la be_v render_v 24._o leg._n 24._o de_fw-fr immunitate_fw-la fani_fw-la and_o in_o the_o law_n of_o henry_n 1_o it_o be_v say_v nullus_fw-la enim_fw-la socnam_fw-la habet_fw-la impunè_fw-la peccandi_fw-la that_o be_v no_o one_o have_v liberty_n of_o sin_v without_o punishment_n in_o the_o second_o of_o king_n alureds_n law_n be_v cy_fw-fr ficena_fw-la socnum_fw-la be_v by_o the_o interpreter_n render_v de_fw-la immunnitate_fw-la templi_fw-la so_o likewise_o in_o the_o law_n of_o king_n edmund_n hamsocnâ—_n or_o hamsocnum_n be_v translate_v there_o immunitas_fw-la domûs_fw-la the_o privilege_n which_o man_n take_v themselves_o to_o have_v in_o their_o own_o house_n for_o that_o every_o man_n house_n be_v his_o castle_n in_o the_o say_a sense_n it_o be_v that_o i_o understand_v it_o in_o domesdey_n to_o be_v receive_v for_o in_o essex_n under_o the_o title_n of_o terra_n rogeri_n bigoti_n which_o be_v in_o english_a i_o think_v the_o land_n of_o roger_n the_o zealous_a it_o be_v thus_o record_v westunam_fw-la tenet_fw-la hugo_n de_fw-fr hosdene_n quod_fw-la tenuerunt_fw-la iv_o liberi_fw-la homines_fw-la t._n r._n e._n qui_fw-la fuerant_fw-la de_fw-fr soca_fw-la algari_fw-la etc._n etc._n sac_n sacha_n vel_fw-la sacca_n minshew_n render_v to_o signify_v a_o royalty_n or_o privilege_n touch_v plea_n or_o correction_n of_o trespass_n of_o man_n within_o a_o manor_n and_o say_v that_o he_o be_v inform_v that_o this_o word_n sac_n in_o the_o saxon_a tongue_n do_v proper_o signify_v as_o much_o as_o causa_fw-la with_o the_o latin_n sake_n whence_o we_o in_o english_a still_o retain_v that_o expression_n for_o who_o sake_n etc._n etc._n that_o be_v for_o who_o cause_n but_o in_o the_o law_n of_o edward_n the_o confessor_n they_o be_v both_o of_o they_o thus_o expound_v sacha_n est_fw-la quod_fw-la si_fw-la quilibet_fw-la aliquem_fw-la nominatim_fw-la de_fw-la aliquo_fw-la calumniatus_fw-la fuerit_fw-la ☞_o ☞_o &_o ille_fw-la negaverit_fw-la forisfactura_fw-la probationis_fw-la vel_fw-la negationis_fw-la si_fw-la evenerit_fw-la sva_fw-la erit_fw-la soca_fw-la est_fw-la quod_fw-la si_fw-la aliquis_fw-la quaerit_fw-la aliquid_fw-la in_o terrasua_fw-la ☞_o ☞_o etiam_fw-la furtum_fw-la sva_fw-la est_fw-la justitia_fw-la si_fw-la inventum_fw-la fuerit_fw-la a_o non_fw-la i_o shall_v also_o exhibit_v a_o exposition_n of_o they_o both_o out_o of_o a_o very_a ancient_a m_n s_o book_n autorem_fw-la m_o s._n penes_fw-la autorem_fw-la in_o which_o be_v register_v several_a donation_n to_o a_o cathedral_n church_n in_o england_n where_o after_o the_o recital_n of_o a_o certain_a charter_n grant_v by_o edward_n the_o confessor_n to_o they_o cu_z saka_fw-mi &_o cum_fw-la sokna_fw-la there_o follow_v a_o exposition_n of_o they_o both_o in_o red_a letter_n thus_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d equitur_fw-la expositio_fw-la illorum_fw-la terminorum_fw-la soka_n &_o saka_fw-mi 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d oka_n hoc_fw-la est_fw-la secta_fw-la de_fw-fr hominibus_fw-la in_o curia_fw-la vestrasecundum_fw-la consuetudinem_fw-la regni_fw-la 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d aka_fw-mi hoc_fw-la est_fw-la placitum_fw-la &_o emenda_fw-la de_fw-la transgressionibus_fw-la hominum_fw-la in_o curia_fw-la vestra_fw-la the_o first_o be_v only_o the_o suit_n of_o court_n due_a by_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o a_o lordship_n or_o manor_n and_o sac_n be_v the_o liberty_n of_o hold_v plea_n and_o impose_v mulct_n and_o forfeiture_n upon_o transgressor_n in_o that_o court_n mr._n s._n have_v learned_o discourse_v this_o and_o the_o erymologye_a thereof_o and_o because_o not_o in_o controversy_n i_o will_v not_o therewith_o further_o trouble_v the_o reader_n i_o be_o now_o come_v to_o the_o end_n of_o this_o immethodical_a discourse_n and_o desire_v his_o pardon_n and_o acceptance_n of_o the_o intention_n for_o the_o thing_n do_v for_o i_o can_v wish_v if_o this_o subject_n shall_v prove_v pleasurable_a or_o delightful_a to_o any_o that_o it_o have_v be_v better_o order_v and_o clothe_v in_o better_a style_n and_o language_n but_o now_o jacta_fw-la est_fw-la alea_n it_o must_v take_v its_o fortune_n and_o pass_v under_o the_o censure_n of_o many_o some_o will_v except_v against_o the_o boldness_n of_o the_o author_n in_o that_o he_o be_v not_o afraid_a to_o question_v receive_v opinion_n and_o to_o examine_v the_o ipse_fw-la dixit_fw-la of_o the_o law_n i_o hope_v such_o can_v say_v that_o it_o be_v immodest_o or_o irreverent_o do_v some_o will_v think_v it_o too_o long_o other_o perhaps_o too_o short_a many_o to_o be_v needless_a so_o perchance_o it_o may_v fall_v out_o that_o i_o may_v escape_v with_o the_o country_n priest_n who_o come_v to_o a_o village_n of_o husbandman_n that_o have_v new_o bury_v their_o pastor_n and_o overhear_v they_o complain_v that_o he_o have_v not_o by_o his_o prayer_n procure_v they_o rain_n or_o fair_a weather_n according_a to_o their_o occasion_n the_o stranger_n thereupon_o offer_v unto_o they_o that_o if_o they_o will_v procure_v he_o the_o benefice_n he_o will_v satisfy_v they_o in_o that_o point_n which_o be_v obtain_v several_a of_o they_o come_v to_o he_o some_o for_o continuance_n of_o fair_a weather_n other_o for_o some_o shower_n of_o rain_n to_o refresh_v their_o almost_o burnt-up_a grass_n and_o every_o one_o according_a as_o they_o be_v engage_v in_o their_o several_a necessity_n and_o requisite_n of_o husbandry_n he_o tell_v they_o he_o can_v not_o at_o the_o same_o time_n obtain_v fair_a weather_n and_o rain_n but_o if_o they_o will_v agree_v together_o than_o he_o will_v content_v they_o if_o any_o carp_o dispose_v stumble_v upon_o this_o tract_n i_o shall_v only_o desire_v they_o to_o meet_v and_o agree_v upon_o their_o verdict_n and_o i_o then_o will_v undertake_v to_o please_v they_o to_o the_o ingenuous_a i_o have_v this_o only_a to_o add_v let_v they_o accept_v of_o it_o as_o either_o a_o essay_n or_o under_o any_o other_o title_n or_o denomination_n whatsoever_o and_o i_o have_v do_v errata_fw-la pag._n 5._o line_n 7._o for_o hellai_n r._n hellas_n l._n 24._o vagerentur_fw-la r._n vagarentur_fw-la p._n 22._o l._n 2._o for_o drympeck_n r._n drympenocke_n p._n 70._o l._n 25._o read_v bis_fw-la ceoâ—_fw-la p._n 77._o l._n 25._o read_v offensive_a p._n 78._o l._n 12._o for_o scrâp_n r._n scâ—ûp_n p._n 94._o lin_v ult_n for_o country_n r._n counties_n p._n 130._o l._n 20_o for_o Ê’ip_n r._n Ê’if_n p._n 157._o l._n 10._o read_v the_o change_n be_v very_o &c_n &c_n some_o literal_a escape_n a_o judicious_a reader_n may_v encounter_v which_o be_v easy_o amend_v with_o his_o pen._n in_o the_o latin_a pag._n 208._o line_n 12._o for_o gemmetiam_fw-la read_v gemeticum_n p._n 209._o l._n 22_o for_o deuron_n read_v deurous_a brevis_fw-la relatio_fw-la de_fw-fr willelmo_n nobilissimo_fw-la comite_fw-la normannorum_fw-la quis_fw-la fuit_fw-la &_o unde_fw-la originem_fw-la duxit_fw-la etc._n etc._n ab_fw-la authore_fw-la anonymo_fw-la temp._n hen._n primi_fw-la londini_fw-la typis_fw-la guil._n wilson_n pro_fw-la johanne_n starkey_n apud_fw-la quem_fw-la prostant_fw-la vaenales_fw-la sub_fw-la signo_fw-la mitrae_fw-la in_o vico_fw-la vulgo_fw-la dicto_fw-la fleetstreet_n 1663._o dignissimo_fw-la henrico_n norwood_n uni_fw-la armigerorum_fw-la pro_fw-la corpore_fw-la caroli_n secundi_fw-la regis_fw-la angliae_fw-la etc._n etc._n &_o amoenae_fw-la coloniae_fw-la virginianae_fw-la thesaurario_fw-la etc._n etc._n vir_fw-la amplissime_fw-la tuam_fw-la erga_fw-la i_o beneficentiam_fw-la licèt_fw-la pensare_fw-la nequeam_fw-la lubens_fw-la tamen_fw-la recognosco_fw-la in_fw-la magnis_fw-la quip_n voluisse_fw-la satis_fw-la libellum_fw-la hunc_fw-la nomini_fw-la tuo_fw-la mihi_fw-la honorato_fw