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Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
land_n	country_n	sea_n	see_v	1,852	5	3.4928	3	true

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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A42117	A vindication of a national-fishery wherein is asserted that the glory, wealth, strength, safety, and happiness of this kingdom, with the flourishing of trade, and growth of navigation, as also the employing of the poor of this realm, doth depend (under God) upon a national-fishery : and all the general, vulgar, (tho' erroneous) objections against encouraging the fishery of England, answer'd, and confuted : to which is added the sovreignty of British-seas.	Gander, Joseph.; Gander, Joseph. Sovereignty of the British-seas asserted.	1699 (1699)	Wing G196; ESTC R227035	28,639	110

A VINDICATION OF A National-Fishery Wherein is Asserted That the GLORY WEALTH STRENGTH SAFETY and HAPPINESS of this KINGDOM with the Flourishing of TRADE and Growth of NAVIGATION As also the Employing the POOR of this Realm doth depend under GOD upon A National-Fishery And all the General Vulgar tho' Erroneous Objections against Encouraging the Fishery of England Answer'd and Confuted To which is added The SOVEREIGNTY of the BRITISH-SEAS England's a Perfect World 'T has Indies two Correct your Maps The Fishery is Peru. LONDON Printed for F. Coggan in the Inner Temple Lane MDCXCIX To the most Noble AND Mighty PRINCE THOMAS Duke of LEEDS MARQVESS of CARMARTHEN EARL of DANBY Viscount Latimore Baron Osbourne of Kiveton Lord President of His Majesty's Most Honourable Privy-Council Lord Lieutenant of York-shire Governour of Kingston upon Hull AND KNIGHT OF THE Most Noble Order OF THE GARTER May it please Your Grace THE Great Applause you have so deservedly meritted hath encouraged me to Dedicate this small Epitomy to Your Honour and not knowing any Man that can with more lively Colours represent this Important Affair to the Wisdom of the Nation I lay it at Your Lordship's Feet as an UNDERTAKING which if Your Grace be pleased to Espouse for the Good of the Kingdom you will thereby add another Trophy to your former Atchievements and the Glory of the Action will be Recorded to all Posterity For upon a National-Fishery under God doth depend the Safety Honour and Happiness of this Kingdom the Flourishing of Trade and the Supporting of Credit as in the Sequel of my Discourse I hope I have made appear My Lord this Age gives us too many Examples of Discouraging Ingenuity many Excellent Qualities lying often hid under humble Looks and mean Habits which soon are discountenanc'd and suppress'd by Insulting Greatness and Popular Opulancy But You have shewed by the constant Example of Your Actions that You have Agreed with Seneca in his Renowned Maxim that sola virtus vera Nobilitas When so many others are blinded with their absurd Vanity and airy Greatness But you have rendred your self a true Patriot to your Country and therefore I most humbly implore this Book may be sheltred under the wings of Your Graces Protection who am Right Honourable and Renowned Sir Your Graces most humble And most obedient Servant Joseph Gander TO THE BARONS OF THE Cinque-Ports And the Members of Parliament for the Coasting-Towns and Burroughs of the Kingdom of England Honoured and Worthy Senators THE Cinque-Ports of this Kingdom having signalized their Loyalty and Valour by Sea in several Expeditions for the Glory of the King 's Honour of their Country and Safety of the Realm our preceding Kings confirmed several Dignities on them and amongst the rest made their Members of Parliament Barons as an Encouragement to Navigation and their Prowess And gave them the Honour of Supporting the Canopy over his Head at his Coronation as is supposed by way of Similitude That whereas they had Defended Supported and Maintained his Honour by their Courage against his Enemies by Sea he gave them the Honour to support the Canopy over his Head as a Mark of Honour to them and his Acknowledgement of the Greatness of their Service And many Coasting-Towns and Burroughs have from time to time been endowed with great Priviledges some of them remaining to this day as a mark of Honour by several Kings to Encourage Navigation from whence originally we have beyond all Dispute arrived to the Knowledge we are now attained to in Marine Affairs But now most of those Towns and Burroughs that formerly flourished by their Fishing are reduced to miserable Poverty and Thousands of Families ruined for want of the Fishery And the Gentlemen who have Estates in those Places or near the Coast are exceedingly impair'd Of which Calamity King Henry the 8th had undoubtedly a fore-sight of as appears by the Sratute of 33 of his Reign 't is there thus inserted because the English Fishermen dwelling on the Sea Coasts did leave off their Trade of Fishing in our Seas and went the half Seas over and thereupon they did buy Fish of Pickards Flemmings Normands and Zealanders by reason whereof many Incommodities did grow to the Realm viz. The Decay of the Wealth and Prosperity as well of the Cinque-Ports and Members of the same as of other Coasting-Towns by the Sea-side which were builded and inhabited by great Multitudes of People by reason of Using and Exercising the Feat and Craft of Fishing Secondly The decay of a great Number of Boats and Ships And thirdly the decay of many good Mariners both able in Body by their Diligence Labour and continual Exercise of Fishing and Expert by reason thereof in the Knowledge of our Sea-Coasts as well within the Realm as in other Parts beyond the Seas It was therefore Enacted That no manner of Persons English Denizons or Strangers at that time or any time after should buy any Fish of any Foreigners in the said Ports of Flanders zealand Pickardy or France or upon the Sea between Shoar and Shoar This shews what great Care our former Kings and Parliaments have taken to Preserve the Nursery for Sea-faring Men for the Defence of the Kingdom and for the Preservation of our Coasting Towns c. And have therefore thought fit in all Humility to Dedicate this Book to you as before-mentioned If my sincere Intentions to serve the Kingdom have its desired Success I have my wish who am Your most humble And most obedient Servant J. Gander A VINDICATION OF A National Fishery c. BY the Benign Goodness of God and by the Wise Conduct of our King and the Admirable Wisdom and prudent Care of our Sage Senatours at Home England after a tedious and Chargeable War hath obtained an Honourable Peace And the Sword being now Sheathed His Majesty in his most Gracious Speech to both Houses of Parliament hath declared His Royal Inclination for the Preservation of the Saftety Honour and Happiness of the Kingdom c. So that it is not to be doubted but that the Genius of our Government will make it the Chiefest of their Care to Settle the Affairs of Trade upon the most firmest Foundation for the publick Good of our Nation For the most destructive Consumption that can happen to a Kingdom and the only Nurse of Idleness and Beggary is Want of Trade whereas on the contrary Increase of Trade encourageth Labour Art and Invention and enricheth the Common-Weal And beyond all Dispute the Fishery of England is the Main Trade of this Kingdom rightly Managed The good Patriots of our Country are to weigh the Matter And it is so comprehensive a Blessing that were those Advantages but Industriously improved that Providence hath bestowed on this Island we might consequently be the most Flourishing People in the whole World both by Sea and Land And seeing by the Decay of the Fishing Trade we have lain open to France and Holland by neglecting our own

Commissioners as We have Authorised in that behalf viz. At London for Our Realms of England and Ireland and at Edenburgh for our Realm of Scotland which Licenses Our Intention is shall be yearly demanded for so many Vessels and Ships and the Tunnage thereof as shall intend to Fish for that whole Year or any part thereof upon any of our Coasts and Seas as aforesaid upon the pain of such Chastisement as shall be fit to be inflicted on such Offenders Given at our Palace at Westminster the 6th of May in the 7th Year of Our Reign of Great Britain Anno Dom ' 1609. Notwithstanding this Proclamation the Netherlanders still proceeded in the way of their Encroachment upon the Seas thro' the whole Reign of King James and were at length so bold as to contest with him and Quarrel His Majesty out of His Rights pretending because of the long Connivance of Queen Elizabeth that they had of their own a Right of Immemorial Possession And in King Charles the I's Reign a Proclamation was published for Restraint of Fishing upon His Seas and Coasts without License dated the 10th day of May in the 12th Year of his Reign This Proclamation being set forth in the Year 1636 serv'd to speak the Intent of those Naval Preparations made in the Year 1635 which were so numerous and well provided that our Netherland Neighbours were apprehensive of some Great Design in hand for the Interest of England by Sea As I might shew at large if it were requisite by certain Papers of a publick Character yet in Being But there is one which may serve instead of all and it is a very Ingenious Letter of Secretary Cokes that was written to Sir William Boswell the King 's Resident then at the Hague the Original whereof is still reserved among the Publick Papers In which Letter he sets forth the Grounds and Reason of Preparing that Royal and Gallant Navy with the King's Resolution to Maintain the Right derived from his Royal Progenitors in the Dominion of the British Seas and therefore I here render a True Copy of it so far as concerns this Business as most pertinent to our Purpose SIR BY your Letters and otherwise I perceive many Jealousies and Discourses are raised upon the Preparations of His Majesty's Fleet which is now in such forwardness that we doubt not but within this Month it will appear at Sea It is therefore expedient both for your Satisfaction and Direction to inform you particularly what was the Occasion and what is His Majesty's Intention in this Affair First we hold it a Principle not to be denied as it may be prov'd from undeniable Record That the King of Great Britain is a Monarch at Land and Sea to the full extent of His Dominions and that it concerneth Him as much to maintain His Sovereignty in theBritish Seas as within His Three Kingdoms because without That these cannot be kept safe nor He preserve His Honour and due Respect with other Nations But Commanding the Sea he may cause his Neighbours and all Countries to stand upon their Guard whensoever he thinks fit And this cannot be doubted that whosoever will encroach upon him by Sea will do it also by Land when they see their time To such Presumption Mare Liberum gave the first Warning-piece which must be answer'd with a Defence of Mare Clausum not so much by Discourse as by the lowder Language of a Powerful Navy To be better understood when over-strain'd Patience seeth no hope of preserving her Right by other Means The degrees by which His Majesty's Dominion at Sea hath of latter Years been impeached and then question'd are as Considerable as Notorious First to cherish and as it were to nourish our unthankful Neighbours we gave them Leave to gather Wealth and Strength upon our Coasts in our Ports by our Trade and by our People Then they were glad to invite our Merchants Residence with what priviledges they would desire Then they offer'd us the Sovereignty of their Estates and then they su'd for License to Fish upon our Coasts and obtained it under the Great Seal of Scotland which now they suppress And when thus by Leave or by Connivance they had possess'd themselves of our Fishings not only in Scotland but in Ireland and England and by our Staple had raised a great Stock of Trade by these Means they so increased their Shipping and Power at Sea that now they endure not to be kept at any distance Nay they are grown to that Confidence to keep Guards upon our Seas and then project an Office and Company of Assurance for the Advancement of Trade and withal prohibit us free Commerce within our Seas and take our Ships and Goods if we conform not to their Placarts What Insolences and Cruelties they have committed against us heretofore in Ireland in Greenland and in the Indies is too well known to all the World In all which tho' our Sufferings and their Wrongs may seem forgotten yet the great Interest of His Majesty's Honour is still the same and will refesh their Memories as there shall be Cause For tho' Charity must remit wrongs done to private Men yet the Reflection upon the Publick may make it a greater Charity to do Justice on crying Crimes All this notwithstanding you are to conceive that the Work of this Fleet is Revenge or Execution of Justice for these great Offences past but Chiefly for the future to stop the violent Current of that Presumption whereby the Men of War and Free-booters of all Nations abusing the Favour of His Majesty's peaceable and most gracious Government whereby he hath permitted all his Friends and Allies to make use of his Sea-ports at a reasonable and free Manner according to his Treaties have taken upon them the Boldness not only to come confidently at all times into all his Ports and Rivers but to convey their Merchant Ships so high as his Chief City and then to cast Anchor close upon his Magazines and to contemn the Commands of his Officers when they have required a further distance But which is more intolarable have assaulted and taken one another within His Majesties Chamber and within his Rivers to the Scorn and Contempt of his Dominon and Power and this being of late years an Ordinary Practice which we have endeavoured in vain to Reform by the way of Justice and Treaties the World I think will be satisfied that we have Reason to look about us And no Wise Man will doubt but it is high time to put our selves in this Equipage upon the Seas and not to suffer that Stage of Action to be taken from us for want of our Appearance So you see the General Ground upon which our Counsel Stands In particular you may take Notice and Publish as cause requires That His Majesty by his Fleet intendeth not a Rupture with any Prince or State nor to Infringe any Point of his Treaties but resolveth to continue and Maintain that

I Answer That we have Men Enough but they are Idle and live upon the Publick without making any Return of their Labour but let these People be Employ'd in the Fishery and they Protected by an Act of Parliament we shall soon have enough and to spare and it is a Great Happiness to this Kingdom that we can Employ our Sea-faring Men in times of Peace and 't is so great a Blessing that no Nation in the World has the like Opportunity of Employing and enriching themselves The Second Exception or Objection is That the Genius of this Nation will never endure the Hardships of this Employment To which I Answer That the English do run greater Hazards and suffer greater Hardships in their long tedious and unhealthy Voyages as to the East and the West-Indies and the Turkey Voyages where many Men are lost by reason of the Heat of the Climate want of Provisions and Water which in the Fishery there is none of these Inconveniences to attend them they being so often in and out of Port and as to Labour the working of a Mine is far beyond that of Fishing where the Men sometimes Work up to the Middle in Water But to come nearer to the Point the English is so far from having an Aversion against Fishing that they apply themselves to it for Example after Harvest is in and the Herring-Season comes on the Country Fellows and Boys do go to the Coasting Towns to be Hired into the Fishery and do Generally take such a liking to it that after 2 or 3 Voyages they very rarely return to their Rural Employment but take to the Sea altogether And further I cannot imagine what Hardships the Hollanders can undergo in the Fishing more than the English are willing to do this is another Objection But this beyond all dispute is a very Erroneous Notion for the Herring Fishing in the English Seas begins in June and goes out in November and that for the first four Months it is the best time for Profit Pleasure and Fair-Weather for we seldom look out after the Herring Fishing till September and so continue to the end of November which is the most Tempestuous Season in the Whole Annual and then in January we fit out for the North Seas and spend the remaining part of Winter in all Extremities of Cold and Hardship This is enough to Satisfie that we are able to undergo as much Hardships as the Hollanders But however I 'le strain this point a little further Suppose that the Winter Fishing would be too Hard for us what Excuse can we have for not makeing our Improvements on the Summer Fishing which is more advantageous abundantly Another Objection is That the Hollanders can fare Harder than the English in their course feeding and Great Stress is laid upon this and that an English Man will never be able to live on so sparing a Diet as they do Now if it were so and that an English Diet could not be had and that a Dutch Diet would not serve us but that is not our Condition for he that cannot brook with the one may have the other And I am induced to believe that Pork Pease and Beef are much better and more Strengthening than Roots and Cabbage for the Hollanders Victualling is the same with ours for Beer Biscuite Butter Cheese all which we can provide our selves with much Cheaper than they And to make Good the Defect of their Ordinary Provisions they drink a great deal more Brandy than the English do so then to take one thing with another we Victual with Good Provisions as Cheap or Cheaper than they do But besides the very suggestion of leaving a Good Diet to go to a bad is a very Great Error for the Countrey Men that enter themselves on board the Fishery fare far better at Sea than they did at Land for besides their General Victualling which they carry with them to Sea they feed upon the Fish they Catch which for Variety being Fresh taken is a Treat to what a Person of Quality has at his Table a Shoar and of pitiful weak Men at Land in a Voyage or two become Stout Hearty and Healthful Men. There are two more Wolves in the way First that our Herrings are in no esteem abroad because we have not the right way to cure them Secondly we shall never make nothing on 't for the Hollanders will under-sell us for Freighting Cheaper and consequently beat us out of the Trade In answer to which First there are two ways of curing the Herrings the one at Sea where they are Gipp'd immediately upon their taking and Barrell'd the other at Land where they are Gipp'd and Pack'd some days after they are taken These we call Shoar-made-Herrings and we know very well that one Barrel of the other for Goodness is worth one Hundred of these and that they will never take their Pickle kindly unless their Throats be Cut as soon as they are Caught so that it is a great Error to take a Shoar-made-Herring for a Tryal of Skill in curing But for those that are made at Sea they are made as Good and as much in Esteem abroad as any of the Hollanders Herrings and they have been frequently Sold in the East-Country for four pounds a Barrel and I could wish we were no more to blame for not taking them than curing them But admit we did not know how to Cure them I hope 't is not impossible for the English to learn Secondly the other Notion is That the Hollanders will beat us off of our Trade this is as Erroneous as the rest and of no force at all against the Fishery or it is much more Force against the Merchant and the Newcastle Trade for this lies under our Noses and more in our conveniency than any Body 's else And to Neglect our Fishing upon this Consideration is to Quit all Navigation and leave our selves to the Mercy of the Hollanders or to be made a Prey to any that will attack us And then to fear we shall want Vent is to imagine that the People will leave off Eating and a Great part of the Tradeing World is yet unserv'd with Fish and it never could be made appear that our Herrings lay upon our Hands for want of a Market And since all these Objections are sufficiently answer'd there is nothing wanting but assuming our Antient Right and taking Possession of the Fishery And notwithstanding it is so apparently made appear that this National Fishery will redound so much to the Glory of the King Honour of our Senatours Assembled in Parliament and Welfare of the Kingdom in General We will suppose for Argument sake 't is all but Wast-Paper But here is the Question to be put to the King and Kingdom in General if the growing Greatness of the French and Hollanders has so much Increased within this thirty or forty years last past and still continue in the increasing of Sea-faring Men Mariners and their Naval Force