be_v two_o opinion_n the_o first_o be_v this_o namely_o because_o this_o part_n of_o the_o world_n be_v divide_v from_o europa_n by_o the_o mediterran_n sea_n and_o from_o asia_n sea_n by_o the_o river_n of_o nilus_n other_o be_v of_o opinion_n that_o this_o name_n africa_n be_v derive_v from_o one_o ifricus_n the_o king_n of_o arabia_n foelix_n who_o be_v say_v to_o have_v be_v the_o first_o that_o ever_o inhabit_v these_o part_n this_o ifricus_n wage_n war_n against_o the_o king_n of_o aslyria_n and_o be_v at_o length_n by_o he_o drive_v out_o of_o his_o kingdom_n pass_v with_o his_o whole_a army_n over_o nilus_n and_o so_o conduct_v his_o troop_n westward_o make_v no_o delay_n till_o he_o be_v come_v unto_o the_o region_n lie_v about_o carthage_n hence_o it_o be_v that_o the_o arabian_n do_v imagine_v the_o country_n about_o carthage_n only_o and_o the_o region_n lie_v westward_o thereof_o to_o comprehend_v all_o africa_n the_o border_n of_o africa_n africa_n if_o we_o may_v give_v credit_n unto_o the_o writer_n of_o that_o nation_n be_v man_n of_o learning_n and_o most_o skilful_a cosmographer_n begin_v southward_o at_o certain_a river_n issue_v forth_o of_o a_o lake_n in_o the_o desert_n of_o gaoga_n eastward_o it_o border_v upon_o the_o river_n nilus_n it_o extend_v northward_o to_o that_o part_n of_o egypt_n where_o nilus_n at_o seven_o mouth_n discharge_v his_o stream_n into_o the_o mediterran_n sea_n from_o whence_o it_o stretch_v westward_o as_o far_o as_o the_o streite_n of_o gibraltar_n and_o be_v bound_v on_o that_o part_n with_o the_o utmost_a sea-towne_n of_o all_o libya_n call_v non._n nun._n likewise_o the_o south_n part_v thereof_o abut_v upon_o the_o ocean_n sea_n which_o compass_v africa_n almost_o as_o far_o as_o the_o desert_n of_o gaoga_n the_o 〈◊〉_d of_o africa_n our_o author_n affirm_v that_o africa_n be_v 〈◊〉_d into_o four_o part_n that_o be_v to_o say_v barbaria_n numidia_n libya_n and_o the_o land_n of_o negro_n barbaria_n take_v beginning_n from_o the_o hill_n call_v meies_n which_o be_v the_o extreme_a part_n of_o all_o the_o mountain_n of_o atlas_n be_v distant_a from_o alexandria_n almost_o three_o hundred_o mile_n it_o be_v bound_v on_o the_o north_n side_n with_o the_o mediterran_n sea_n stretch_v thence_o to_o mount-meies_a aforesaid_a and_o from_o mount-meies_a extend_v itself_o to_o the_o streite_n of_o gibraltar_n westward_o it_o be_v limit_v with_o the_o say_a streite_n from_o whence_o wind_v itself_o out_o of_o the_o mediterran_n sea_n into_o the_o main_a ocean_n it_o be_v enclose_v with_o the_o most_o westerly_a point_n of_o atlas_n namely_o at_o that_o western_a cape_n which_o be_v next_o unto_o the_o town_n call_v messa_n and_o southward_o it_o be_v bound_v with_o that_o side_n of_o atlas_n which_o lie_v towards_o the_o mediterran_n sea_n this_o be_v the_o most_o noble_a and_o worthy_a region_n of_o all_o africa_n the_o inhabitant_n whereof_o be_v of_o a_o brown_a or_o tawny_a colour_n be_v a_o civil_a people_n and_o prescribe_v wholesome_a law_n and_o constitution_n unto_o themselves_o the_o second_o part_n of_o africa_n be_v call_v of_o the_o latin_n numidia_n but_o of_o the_o arabian_n biledulgerid_n this_o region_n bring_v forth_o date_n in_o great_a abundance_n it_o begin_v eastward_o at_o the_o city_n of_o eloacat_fw-la which_o be_v a_o hundred_o mile_n distant_a from_o egypt_n &_o extend_v west_n as_o far_o as_o the_o town_n of_o 〈◊〉_d nun_n stand_v upon_o the_o ocean_n sea_n northward_o it_o be_v enclose_v with_o the_o south_n side_n of_o atlas_n and_o the_o south_n part_v thereof_o border_v upon_o the_o sandy_a desert_n of_o libya_n all_o the_o arabian_n do_v usual_o call_v it_o the_o land_n of_o date_n because_o this_o only_a region_n of_o africa_n bear_v date_n the_o three_o part_n call_v of_o the_o latin_n libya_n and_o of_o the_o arabian_n sarra_n which_o word_n signify_v a_o desert_n begin_v eastward_o at_o that_o part_n of_o nilus_n which_o be_v next_o unto_o the_o city_n of_o eloacat_fw-la and_o from_o thence_o run_v westward_o as_o far_o as_o the_o ocean_n sea_n northward_o it_o be_v bound_v with_o numidia_n southward_o it_o abut_v upon_o the_o land_n of_o negro_n eastward_o it_o take_v beginning_n at_o the_o kingdom_n of_o gaoga_n and_o stretch_v westward_o even_o to_o the_o land_n of_o gualata_n which_o border_v upon_o the_o ocean_n sea_n the_o four_o part_n of_o africa_n which_o be_v call_v the_o land_n of_o negro_n begin_v eastward_o at_o the_o kingdom_n of_o gaoga_n from_o whence_o it_o extend_v west_n as_o far_o as_o gualata_n the_o north_n part_n thereof_o be_v enclose_v with_o the_o desert_n of_o libya_n and_o the_o south_n part_n which_o be_v unknowen_a unto_o we_o with_o the_o ocean_n sea_n howbeit_o the_o merchant_n which_o daily_o come_v from_o thence_o to_o the_o kingdom_n of_o tombuto_n have_v sufficient_o describe_v the_o situation_n of_o that_o country_n unto_o us._n this_o land_n of_o negro_n have_v a_o mighty_a river_n which_o take_v his_o niger_n name_n of_o the_o region_n be_v call_v niger_n this_o river_n take_v his_o original_n from_o the_o east_n out_o of_o a_o certain_a desert_n call_v by_o the_o foresay_a negro_n seu._n other_o will_v have_v this_o river_n to_o spring_v out_o of_o a_o certain_a lake_n and_o so_o to_o run_v westward_o till_o it_o exonerate_v itself_o into_o the_o ocean_n sea_n our_o cosmographer_n affirm_v that_o the_o say_a river_n of_o niger_n be_v derive_v out_o of_o nilus_n which_o they_o imagine_v for_o some_o certain_a space_n to_o be_v swallow_v up_o of_o the_o earth_n and_o yet_o at_o last_o to_o burst_v forth_o into_o such_o a_o lake_n as_o be_v before_o mention_v some_o other_o be_v of_o opinion_n that_o this_o river_n begin_v westward_o to_o spring_v out_o of_o a_o certain_a mountain_n and_o so_o run_v east_n to_o make_v at_o length_n a_o huge_a lake_n which_o very_o be_v not_o like_a to_o be_v true_a for_o they_o usual_o sail_v westward_o from_o tombuto_n to_o the_o kingdom_n of_o ginea_n yea_o and_o to_o the_o land_n of_o melli_fw-la also_o both_o which_o in_o respect_n of_o tombuto_n be_v situate_a to_o the_o west_n neither_o have_v the_o say_a land_n of_o negro_n any_o kingdom_n comparable_a for_o beautiful_a and_o pleasant_a soil_n unto_o those_o which_o adjoine_v unto_o the_o bank_n of_o niger_n and_o here_o it_o be_v to_o be_v note_v that_o according_a to_o the_o opinion_n of_o our_o cosmographer_n aethiopia_n that_o land_n of_o negro_n by_o which_o nilus_n be_v say_v to_o run_v namely_o that_o part_n of_o the_o world_n which_o stretch_v eastward_o even_o to_o the_o indian_a sea_n some_o northerly_a parcel_n whereof_o abut_v upon_o the_o red_a sea_n to_o wit_n the_o country_n which_o lie_v without_o the_o gulf_n of_o arabia_n be_v not_o to_o be_v call_v any_o member_n or_o portion_n of_o africa_n and_o that_o for_o many_o reason_n which_o be_v to_o be_v find_v in_o the_o process_n of_o this_o history_n set_v down_o more_o at_o large_a the_o say_a country_n be_v call_v by_o the_o latin_n aethiopia_n from_o thence_o come_v certain_a religious_a friar_n sear_v or_o brand_v on_o the_o face_n with_o a_o hot_a iron_n who_o be_v to_o be_v see_v almost_o over_o all_o europe_n and_o special_o at_o rome_n these_o people_n have_v a_o emperor_n which_o they_o call_v prete_n gianni_n the_o great_a part_n of_o that_o land_n be_v inhabit_v with_o christian_n howbeit_o there_o be_v also_o a_o certain_a mahometan_a among_o they_o which_o be_v say_v to_o possess_v a_o great_a dominion_n a_o division_n of_o the_o four_o forename_a part_n of_o africa_n barbarie_n be_v distinguish_v into_o four_o kingdom_n the_o first_o whereof_o be_v the_o kingdom_n of_o maroco_n which_o be_v likewise_o divide_v into_o seven_o region_n or_o province_n namely_o have_fw-mi sus_n guzula_n the_o territory_n of_o maroco_n duccala_n hazcora_fw-la &_o tedle_n the_o second_o kingdom_n of_o barbary_n call_v fez_n comprehendèth_v in_o like_a sort_n seven_o region_n within_o the_o bound_n thereof_o to_o wit_n temesne_n the_o territory_n of_o fez_n azgara_n habat_fw-la elabat_fw-la errif_n garet_n and_o chauz_fw-fr elcauz_n the_o three_o kingdom_n be_v call_v tremizen_n telensin_n and_o have_v three_o region_n under_o it_o namely_o the_o mountain_n tenez_n and_o algezer_n the_o four_o kingdom_n of_o barbary_n be_v name_v tunis_n under_o which_o be_v comprise_v four_o region_n that_o be_v to_o say_v bugia_n constantina_n tripoli_n in_o barbary_n and_o ezzaba_n which_o be_v a_o good_a part_n of_o numidia_n bugia_n have_v always_o be_v turmoil_v with_o continual_a war_n because_o sometime_o it_o be_v subject_a unto_o the_o king_n of_o tunis_n and_o sometime_o again_o unto_o the_o king_n of_o tremizen_n certain_a it_o be_v that_o even_o until_o these_o our_o day_n this_o bugia_n be_v a_o kingdom_n of_o itself_o and_o so_o continue_v till_o
for_o it_o can_v be_v that_o any_o people_n shall_v have_v a_o proper_a kind_n of_o speech_n and_o yet_o shall_v use_v letter_n borrow_v from_o other_o nation_n and_o be_v altogether_o unfit_a for_o their_o mother-language_n of_o the_o situation_n of_o africa_n as_o there_o be_v four_o part_n in_o africa_n so_o the_o situation_n thereof_o be_v not_o in_o all_o place_n alike_o that_o part_n which_o lie_v towards_o the_o mediterran_n sea_n that_o be_v to_o say_v from_o the_o streite_n of_o gibraltar_n to_o the_o frontier_n of_o egypt_n be_v here_o and_o there_o full_a of_o mountain_n southward_o it_o be_v extend_v about_o a_o hundred_o mile_n albeit_o in_o some_o place_n it_o be_v large_a and_o in_o some_o other_o narrow_a from_o the_o say_a mountain_n unto_o mount_n atlas_n there_o be_v a_o very_a spacious_a plain_n &_o many_o little_a hillock_n fountain_n there_o be_v in_o this_o region_n great_a store_n which_o meet_v together_o at_o one_o head_n do_v send_v forth_o most_o beautiful_a river_n and_o crystal_n stream_n between_o the_o foresay_a mountain_n and_o the_o plain_a country_n be_v situate_a the_o mountain_n of_o atlas_n which_o begin_v westward_o upon_o the_o ocean_n sea_n stretch_v itself_o towards_o the_o east_n as_o far_o as_o the_o border_n of_o egypt_n over_o against_o atlas_n lie_v that_o region_n of_o numidia_n which_o bear_v date_n be_v every_o where_o almost_o sandy_a ground_n between_o numidia_n and_o the_o land_n of_o negro_n be_v the_o sandy_a desert_n of_o libya_n situate_v which_o contain_v many_o mountain_n also_o howbeit_o merchant_n travel_v not_o that_o way_n when_o as_o they_o may_v go_v other_o way_n with_o more_o ease_n and_o less_o danger_n beyond_o the_o libyan_a desert_n begin_v the_o land_n of_o negro_n all_o place_n whereof_o be_v barren_a and_o sandy_a except_o those_o which_o adjoine_v upon_o the_o river_n of_o niger_n or_o through_o the_o which_o any_o river_n or_o stream_n run_v of_o the_o unpleasant_a and_o snowy_a place_n in_o africa_n all_o the_o region_n of_o barbary_n and_o the_o mountain_n contain_v therein_o be_v subject_n more_o to_o cold_a then_o to_o heat_n for_o seldom_o come_v any_o gale_n of_o wind_n which_o bring_v not_o some_o snow_n therewith_o in_o all_o the_o say_a mountain_n there_o grow_v abundance_n of_o fruit_n but_o not_o so_o great_a plenty_n of_o corn_n the_o inhabitant_n of_o these_o mountain_n live_v for_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o year_n upon_o barley_n bread_n the_o spring_n &_o river_n issue_v forth_o of_o the_o say_a mountain_n represent_v the_o quality_n and_o taste_n of_o their_o native_a soil_n be_v somewhat_o muddy_a and_o impure_a especial_o upon_o the_o confine_n of_o mauritania_n these_o mountain_n likewise_o be_v replenish_v with_o wood_n and_o lofty_a 〈◊〉_d and_o be_v great_o store_v with_o beast_n of_o all_o kind_n but_o the_o little_a hill_n and_o valley_n lie_v between_o the_o foresay_a mountain_n and_o mount_n atlas_n be_v far_o more_o commodious_a and_o abound_v with_o corn_n for_o '_o they_o be_v moisten_v with_o river_n spring_v out_o of_o atlas_n and_o from_o thence_o hold_v on_o their_o course_n to_o the_o mediterran_n sea_n and_o albeit_o wood_n be_v somewhat_o more_o scarce_o upon_o these_o plain_n yet_o be_v they_o much_o more_o fruitful_a then_o be_v the_o plain_a country_n situate_v between_o atlas_n and_o the_o ocean_n sea_n as_o namely_o the_o region_n of_o maroco_n of_o duccala_n of_o tedle_n of_o temesna_n of_o azgara_n and_o the_o country_n lie_v towards_o the_o strait_n of_o gibraltar_n the_o mountain_n cold_a of_o atlas_n be_v exceed_v cold_a and_o barren_a and_o bring_v forth_o but_o small_a store_n of_o corn_n be_v woody_a on_o all_o side_n and_o engender_v almost_o all_o the_o river_n of_o africa_n the_o fountain_n of_o atlas_n be_v even_o in_o the_o midst_n of_o summer_n extreme_o cold_a so_o that_o if_o a_o man_n dip_v his_o hand_n therein_o for_o any_o long_a space_n he_o be_v in_o great_a danger_n of_o lose_v the_o same_o howbeit_o the_o say_a mountain_n be_v not_o so_o cold_a in_o all_o place_n for_o some_o part_n thereof_o be_v of_o such_o mild_a temperature_n that_o they_o may_v be_v right_a commodious_o inhabit_v yea_o and_o sundry_a place_n thereof_o be_v well_o store_v with_o inhabitant_n as_o in_o the_o second_o part_n of_o this_o present_a discourse_n we_o will_v declare_v more_o at_o large_a those_o place_n which_o be_v destitute_a of_o inhabitant_n be_v either_o extreme_o cold_a as_o namely_o the_o same_o which_o lie_v over_o against_o mauritania_n or_o very_o rough_a and_o unpleasant_a to_o wit_n those_o which_o be_v direct_o opposite_a to_o the_o region_n of_o temesna_n where_o notwithstanding_o in_o summer_n time_n they_o may_v feed_v their_o great_a and_o small_a cattle_n but_o not_o in_o winter_n by_o any_o mean_n for_o then_o the_o north_n wind_n so_o furious_o rage_v bring_v with_o it_o such_o abundance_n of_o snow_n that_o all_o the_o cattle_n which_o till_o then_o remain_v upon_o the_o say_a mountain_n and_o a_o great_a part_n of_o the_o people_n also_o be_v force_v to_o lose_v their_o life_n in_o regard_n thereof_o wherefore_o whosoever_o have_v any_o occasion_n to_o travel_v that_o way_n in_o winter_n time_n choose_v rather_o to_o take_v his_o journey_n between_o mauritania_n and_o numidia_n those_o merchant_n which_o bring_v date_n out_o of_o numidia_n for_o the_o use_n and_o service_n of_o other_o nation_n set_v forth_o usual_o upon_o their_o journey_n about_o the_o end_n of_o october_n and_o yet_o they_o be_v oftentimes_o so_o oppress_v snow_n and_o overtake_v with_o a_o sudden_a fall_n of_o snow_n that_o scarce_o one_o man_n among_o they_o all_o escape_v the_o danger_n of_o the_o tempest_n for_o when_o it_o begin_v to_o snow_n over_o night_n before_o the_o next_o morning_n not_o only_a cart_n and_o man_n but_o even_o the_o very_a tree_n be_v so_o drown_v &_o overwhelm_v therein_o that_o it_o be_v not_o possible_a to_o find_v any_o mention_n of_o they_o howbeit_o the_o dead_a carcase_n be_v then_o find_v when_o the_o sun_n have_v melt_v the_o snow_n i_o myself_o also_o by_o the_o goodness_n of_o escape_v almighty_a god_n twice_o escape_v the_o most_o dreadful_a danger_n of_o the_o foresay_a snow_n whereof_o if_o it_o may_v not_o be_v tedious_a to_o the_o reader_n i_o will_v here_o in_o few_o word_n make_v relation_n upon_o a_o certain_a day_n of_o the_o foresay_a month_n of_o october_n travel_v with_o a_o great_a company_n of_o merchant_n towards_o atlas_n we_o be_v there_o about_o the_o sun_n go_v down_o weather-beaten_a with_o a_o most_o cold_a and_o snowy_a kind_n of_o hail_n here_o we_o find_v eleven_o or_o twelve_o horseman_n arabian_n to_o our_o think_n who_o persuade_v we_o to_o leave_v our_o cart_n and_o to_o go_v with_o they_o promise_v we_o a_o good_a and_o secure_a place_n to_o lodge_v in_o for_o i_o own_o part_n that_o i_o may_v not_o seem_v altogether_o uncivil_a i_o think_v it_o not_o meet_v to_o refuse_v their_o good_a offer_n albeit_o i_o stand_v in_o doubt_n lest_o they_o go_v about_o to_o practice_v some_o mischief_n wherefore_o i_o bethink_v myself_o to_o hide_v up_o a_o certain_a sum_n of_o gold_n which_o i_o have_v as_o then_o about_o i_o but_o all_o be_v ready_a to_o ride_v i_o have_v no_o leisure_n to_o hide_v away_o my_o coin_n from_o they_o whereupon_o i_o feign_v that_o i_o will_v go_v ease_n myself_o and_o so_o depart_v a_o while_n their_o company_n and_o get_v i_o under_o a_o certain_a tree_n whereof_o i_o take_v diligent_a notice_n i_o bury_v my_o money_n between_o certain_a stone_n and_o the_o root_n of_o the_o say_a tree_n and_o then_o we_o ride_v on_o quiet_o till_o about_o midnight_n what_o time_n one_o of_o they_o think_v that_o he_o have_v stay_v long_o enough_o for_o his_o prey_n begin_v to_o utter_v that_o in_o word_n which_o secret_o he_o have_v conceive_v in_o his_o mind_n for_o he_o ask_v whether_o i_o have_v any_o money_n about_o i_o or_o no_o to_o who_o i_o answer_v that_o i_o have_v leave_v my_o money_n behind_o with_o one_o of_o they_o which_o attend_v the_o cart_n and_o that_o i_o have_v then_o none_o at_o all_o about_o i_o howbeit_o they_o be_v no_o whit_n satisfy_v with_o this_o answer_n command_v i_o for_o all_o the_o cold_a weather_n to_o strip_v myself_o out_o of_o my_o apparel_n at_o length_n when_o they_o can_v find_v no_o money_n at_o all_o they_o say_v in_o jest_v &_o scoff_v wise_a that_o they_o do_v this_o for_o no_o other_o purpose_n but_o only_o to_o see_v how_o strong_a and_o hardy_a i_o be_v and_o how_o i_o can_v endure_v the_o cold_a and_o tempestuous_a season_n well_o on_o we_o ride_v seek_v our_o way_n as_o well_o as_o we_o can_v that_o dark_a and_o dismal_a night_n and_o anon_o we_o hear_v the_o bleat_a of_o sheep_n
the_o argument_n and_o sign_n of_o the_o grace_n and_o favour_n of_o god_n they_o easy_o fall_v into_o apostasy_n whereunto_o the_o impiety_n of_o arrius_n and_o other_o heretic_n open_v the_o way_n who_o for_o long_a tract_n of_o time_n estrang_v themselves_o more_o and_o more_o from_o the_o evangelicall_a truth_n fall_v in_o the_o end_n into_o atheism_n as_o we_o see_v have_v fall_v out_o in_o the_o course_n of_o some_o modern_a enormity_n but_o to_o return_v from_o whence_o we_o have_v digress_v in_o progress_n of_o time_n there_o grow_v great_a difference_n between_o the_o mahometan_n for_o their_o sect_n be_v no_o less_o sottish_a and_o foolish_a then_o wicked_a and_o perfidious_a the_o maintainer_n of_o it_o be_v drive_v to_o fetch_v reason_n far_o off_o for_o defence_n of_o the_o same_o but_o the_o arabian_n not_o content_v in_o africa_n to_o have_v subjugate_v with_o arm_n and_o with_o false_a doctrine_n to_o have_v pester_v barbary_n numidia_n libya_n and_o the_o country_n of_o negro_n they_o further_o on_o the_o other_o side_n assail_v the_o low_a ethiopia_n both_o by_o sea_n and_o land_n by_o land_n enter_v thereinto_o in_o the_o year_n 1067._o faiaia_n the_o son_n of_o abubequer_n and_o by_o mean_n of_o certain_a alsachi_n he_o disperse_v that_o pestilence_n into_o nubia_n and_o the_o neighbour_n province_n on_o the_o other_o side_n pass_v the_o red_a sea_n they_o first_o take_v knowledge_n of_o the_o coast_n of_o ethiopia_n even_o to_o cabo_n de_fw-fr los_fw-la corrientes_fw-la by_o their_o continual_a traffic_n thither_o and_o afterward_o be_v encourage_v by_o the_o weakness_n of_o the_o natural_a inhabitant_n they_o erect_v the_o kingdom_n of_o magadazo_n melinde_n mombazza_n quiloa_n mozambique_n and_o seize_v on_o some_o port_n of_o the_o island_n of_o saint_n laurence_n and_o gather_v force_n by_o little_a and_o little_a they_o enlarge_v their_o empire_n within_o the_o land_n and_o establish_v therein_o the_o kingdom_n of_o dangali_a and_o adel._n so_o that_o on_o the_o one_o side_n they_o have_v spread_v their_o sect_n from_o the_o red_a sea_n to_o the_o atlantike_a ocean_n and_o from_o the_o mediterran_n sea_n to_o the_o river_n niger_n and_o far_o and_o on_o the_o other_o have_v take_v into_o their_o hand_n all_o the_o eastern_a coast_n of_o africa_n from_o suez_n to_o cape_n guardafú_n and_o from_o this_o even_o to_o that_o de_fw-fr los_fw-es corrientes_fw-la and_o the_o adjoin_v island_n in_o which_o place_n though_o the_o people_n be_v not_o altogether_o mahumetan_n yet_o have_v the_o mahometan_n the_o weapon_n &_o dominion_n in_o their_o hand_n the_o which_o how_o much_o it_o import_v for_o the_o bring_n in_o of_o sect_n we_o may_v easy_o conceive_v to_o conclude_v they_o have_v often_o assail_v the_o prete_n janni_n sometime_o the_o turk_n who_o have_v take_v from_o he_o the_o port_n of_o the_o red_a sea_n and_o otherwhiles_o the_o moor_n under_o the_o conduct_n of_o the_o king_n of_o adel_n who_o have_v and_o do_v molest_v they_o great_o lead_v into_o captituitie_n a_o great_a number_n of_o abassin_n where_o they_o become_v for_o the_o most_o part_n mahumetan_n of_o the_o christian_n of_o africa_n now_o that_o we_o have_v declare_v the_o misery_n and_o darkness_n of_o africa_n it_o remain_v that_o we_o set_v down_o that_o little_a light_n of_o true_a religion_n which_o there_o be_v the_o which_o i_o can_v not_o pass_v over_o without_o exceed_a glory_n to_o the_o portugal_n nation_n in_o that_o they_o with_o inestimable_a charge_n and_o infinite_a travail_n have_v first_o seek_v to_o open_v the_o way_n to_o ethiopia_n and_o to_o bring_v the_o great_a negus_n of_o abassia_n call_v by_o we_o prete_n janni_n to_o the_o union_n of_o the_o christian_n church_n of_o europe_n perform_v whatsoever_o after_o this_o for_o the_o conversion_n of_o the_o prince_n of_o guinia_n and_o meleghette_v to_o the_o faith_n and_o yet_o more_o happy_o of_o the_o king_n of_o congo_n and_o the_o prince_n of_o angola_n and_o likewise_o with_o diverse_a colony_n send_v to_o the_o island_n of_o the_o atlantic_a ocean_n they_o have_v no_o less_o advance_v the_o honour_n of_o their_o own_o nation_n than_o the_o propagate_a of_o the_o christian_n faith_n and_o final_o pass_v beyond_o cabo_n de_fw-fr bvena_fw-es esperança_fw-es they_o have_v resist_v the_o mahometan_a sect_n which_o have_v now_o extend_v itself_o on_o the_o backside_n of_o africa_n as_o far_o as_o cabo_n de_fw-fr los_fw-la corrientes_fw-la of_o the_o christian_n in_o egypt_n the_o christian_n of_o egypt_n be_v partly_o stranger_n partly_o home-born_a in_o the_o country_n stranger_n come_v thither_o in_o regard_n of_o traffic_n which_o there_o flourish_v above_o measure_n especial_o in_o the_o city_n of_o alexandria_n and_o cairo_n by_o reason_n that_o this_o kingdom_n be_v most_o commodious_o situate_a between_o the_o red_a and_o mediterran_n sea_n unit_v the_o west_n part_n of_o the_o world_n with_o the_o east_n by_o mean_a of_o a_o infinite_a traffic_n and_o therefore_o be_v it_o as_o it_o be_v a_o ladder_n whereby_o the_o wealth_n of_o india_n and_o of_o the_o eoan_a ocean_n pass_v into_o the_o lesser_a asia_n into_o africa_n and_o europe_n whereupon_o not_o only_o the_o venetian_n florentine_n and_o ragusian_o come_v thither_o in_o great_a number_n but_o also_o the_o french_a and_o english_a the_o natural_a christian_n of_o egypt_n remain_v after_o the_o spoil_n and_o havoc_n of_o the_o barbarian_n and_o the_o cruelty_n of_o the_o saracen_n mamaluck_v and_o turk_n exceed_v not_o the_o number_n of_o fifty_o thousand_o person_n and_o these_o dwell_v disperse_v here_o and_o there_o but_o principal_o in_o the_o city_n of_o cairo_n messia_n monfalatto_n bucco_n and_o elchiasa_n all_o place_v upon_o the_o bank_n of_o nilus_n there_o be_v also_o many_o in_o the_o province_n of_o minia_n in_o which_o quarter_n appear_v diverse_a monastery_n but_o among_o the_o monastery_n of_o egypt_n those_o of_o saint_n anthony_n saint_n paul_n and_o saint_n macarius_n be_v the_o principal_a the_o first_o lie_v in_o troglodytica_fw-la right_o over_o against_o say_v it_o upon_o a_o hill_n where_o saint_n anthony_n be_v say_v to_o be_v beat_v by_o devil_n the_o second_o be_v seat_v not_o far_o from_o this_o in_o the_o midst_n of_o a_o desert_n the_o three_o stand_v in_o the_o wilderness_n to_o the_o west_n of_o bulac_n this_o be_v the_o monastery_n which_o in_o some_o history_n be_v call_v nitria_n as_o i_o think_v because_o in_o that_o quarter_n the_o water_n of_o nilus_n be_v thicken_v by_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n in_o low_a place_n be_v convert_v into_o salt_n and_o niter_fw-la georgia_n stand_v upon_o nilus_n six_o mile_n from_o the_o city_n of_o munsia_n a_o rich_a and_o magnificent_a convent_n so_o call_v after_o the_o name_n of_o saint_n george_n there_o be_v in_o the_o same_o more_o than_o two_o hundred_o monk_n to_o the_o notable_a benefit_n and_o ease_n of_o pilgrim_n &_o stranger_n who_o be_v there_o courteous_o lodge_v but_o they_o die_v all_o of_o the_o plague_n about_o some_o hundred_o and_o fifty_o year_n sithence_o the_o place_n be_v abandon_v now_o to_o deliver_v somewhat_o concern_v the_o estate_n of_o these_o christian_n they_o be_v call_v by_o some_o coptitae_fw-la cofti_n and_o by_o other_o christian_n from_o the_o girdle_n upward_o for_o albeit_o they_o be_v baptize_v as_o we_o be_v yet_o do_v they_o circumcise_v themselves_o like_o to_o the_o jew_n so_o as_o a_o man_n may_v say_v their_o christianity_n come_v no_o low_a than_o the_o girdlestead_n but_o that_o which_o be_v worse_a they_o have_v for_o these_o 1000_o year_n follow_v the_o heresy_n of_o eutiches_n which_o allow_v but_o of_o one_o nature_n in_o christ_n by_o which_o heresy_n they_o also_o separate_v and_o dismember_v themselves_o from_o the_o union_n of_o the_o church_n of_o europe_n the_o occasion_n of_o this_o separation_n and_o 〈◊〉_d be_v the_o ephesine_n council_n assemble_v by_o dioscorus_n in_o defence_n of_o eutiches_n who_o be_v now_o condemn_v in_o the_o chalcedon_n counsel_n by_o six_o hundred_o and_o thirty_o father_n congregat_v together_o by_o the_o authority_n of_o leo_n the_o first_o for_o the_o cofti_n fear_v that_o to_o attribute_v two_o nature_n unto_o christ_n may_v be_v all_o one_o as_o if_o they_o have_v assign_v he_o two_o hypostasis_n or_o person_n to_o avoid_v the_o heresy_n of_o the_o nestorian_n they_o become_v eutichian_o they_o say_v their_o divine_a service_n in_o the_o chaldean_a tongue_n oftentimes_o repeat_v alleluia_n they_o read_v the_o gospel_n first_o in_o chaldean_a and_o then_o in_o arabic_a when_o the_o priest_n say_v pax_fw-la vobis_fw-la the_o young_a among_o they_o lay_v his_o hand_n upon_o all_o the_o people_n that_o be_v present_a after_o consecration_n they_o give_v a_o simple_a piece_n of_o bread_n to_o the_o stander_n by_o a_o ceremony_n use_v also_o in_o greece_n they_o exercise_v their_o function_n in_o the_o
also_o to_o embrace_v it_o in_o time_n past_o ethiopia_n be_v govern_v by_o queen_n only_o whereupon_o we_o read_v in_o the_o history_n of_o the_o old_a testament_n that_o the_o queen_n of_o the_o south_n come_v to_o king_n solomon_n from_o saba_n to_o hear_v his_o admirable_a wisdom_n about_o the_o year_n of_o the_o world_n 2954._o the_o name_n of_o this_o queen_n as_o the_o ethiopian_n report_n be_v maqueda_n who_o from_o the_o head-city_n of_o ethiopia_n call_v saba_n which_o like_o a_o isle_n be_v environ_v on_o all_o side_n by_o the_o river_n nilus_n travel_v by_o egypt_n and_o the_o red_a sea_n to_o jerusalem_n and_o she_o bring_v unto_o solomon_n a_o hundred_o &_o twenty_o talent_n of_o gold_n which_o amount_v to_o 720000._o golden_a ducat_n of_o hungary_n that_o be_v seven_o ton_n of_o gold_n and_o 20000_o hungarian_a ducat_n beside_o this_o mighty_a sum_n of_o gold_n with_o other_o thing_n of_o great_a value_n she_o present_v unto_o solomon_n who_o likewise_o requite_v she_o with_o most_o princely_a gift_n she_o contend_v with_o he_o also_o in_o propound_v of_o sage_a question_n &_o obscure_a riddle_n among_o other_o matter_n as_o it_o be_v report_v by_o cedrenus_n she_o bring_v before_o he_o certain_a damosel_n and_o young_a man_n in_o maid_n attire_n ask_v the_o king_n how_o he_o can_v discern_v one_o sex_n from_o another_o he_o answer_v that_o he_o will_v find_v they_o out_o by_o the_o wash_n of_o their_o face_n and_o forthwith_o he_o command_v all_o their_o face_n to_o be_v wash_v and_o they_o which_o wash_v themselves_o strong_o be_v find_v to_o be_v male_n but_o the_o residue_n by_o their_o tender_a wash_v bewray_v themselves_o to_o be_v damosel_n the_o ethiopian_a king_n suppose_v that_o they_o be_v descend_v from_o the_o lineage_n of_o david_n and_o from_o the_o family_n of_o solomon_n and_o therefore_o they_o use_v to_o term_v themselves_o the_o son_n of_o david_n and_o of_o solomon_n and_o of_o the_o holy_a patriarch_n also_o as_o be_v spring_v from_o their_o progeny_n for_o queen_n maqueda_n say_v they_o have_v a_o son_n by_o solomon_n who_o they_o name_v meilech_n but_o afterward_o he_o be_v call_v david_n this_o meilech_n as_o they_o report_v be_v grow_v to_o twenty_o year_n of_o age_n be_v send_v back_o by_o his_o mother_n unto_o his_o father_n and_o instructor_n solomon_n that_o he_o may_v learn_v of_o he_o wisdom_n and_o understanding_n which_o so_o soon_o as_o the_o say_v meilech_n or_o david_n have_v attain_v by_o the_o permission_n of_o solomon_n take_v with_o he_o many_o priest_n and_o noble_n out_o of_o all_o the_o twelve_o tribe_n he_o return_v to_o his_o kingdom_n of_o ethiopia_n and_o take_v upon_o he_o the_o government_n thereof_o as_o likewise_o he_o carry_v home_o with_o he_o the_o law_n of_o god_n and_o the_o rite_n of_o circumcision_n these_o be_v the_o beginning_n of_o the_o jewish_a religion_n in_o ethiopia_n and_o it_o be_v report_v that_o even_o till_o this_o present_a none_o be_v admit_v into_o any_o ministry_n or_o canonship_n in_o the_o court_n but_o such_o as_o be_v descend_v of_o their_o race_n that_o come_v first_o out_o of_o jury._n by_o these_o therefore_o the_o doctrine_n of_o god_n in_o ethiopia_n be_v first_o plant_v which_o afterward_o take_v such_o deep_a root_n as_o it_o have_v since_o remain_v to_o all_o succeed_a age_n for_o the_o ethiopian_n do_v both_o retain_v the_o book_n of_o the_o prophet_n and_o travail_v also_o to_o jerusalem_n that_o they_o may_v there_o worship_v the_o true_a god_n reveal_v in_o the_o kingdom_n of_o israel_n which_o manifest_o appear_v 26._o out_o of_o the_o history_n of_o the_o ethiopian_a eunuch_n who_o name_n be_v indich_n which_o be_v a_o principal_a governor_n under_o queen_n candace_n proper_o call_v judith_n for_o he_o about_o the_o ten_o year_n after_o the_o death_n and_o resurrection_n of_o our_o bless_a saviour_n travail_v for_o the_o space_n of_o two_o hundred_o and_o forty_o mile_n to_o jerusalem_n where_o have_v perform_v due_a worship_n unto_o god_n return_v homeward_o as_o he_o sit_v in_o his_o chariot_n he_o read_v the_o prophet_n esaias_n and_o by_o the_o commandment_n of_o the_o holy_a spirit_n philip_z one_o of_o christ_n his_o disciple_n be_v send_v unto_o he_o and_o when_o they_o be_v both_o come_v to_o the_o city_n bethzur_n three_o mile_n distant_a from_o jerusalem_n the_o eunuch_n at_o the_o foot_n of_o a_o mountain_n espy_v a_o certain_a water_n wherein_o he_o be_v baptize_v by_o philip._n and_o be_v return_v into_o ethiopia_n this_o eunuch_n baptize_v the_o queen_n and_o a_o great_a part_n of_o her_o family_n and_o people_n from_o which_o time_n the_o ethiopian_n begin_v to_o be_v christian_n who_o since_o that_o have_v continual_o profess_v the_o christian_a faith_n they_o believe_v also_o that_o philip_n send_v into_o ethiopia_n a_o disciple_n of_o his_o call_a lycanon_n who_o as_o they_o suppose_v ordain_v the_o very_a form_n of_o religion_n which_o they_o now_o hold_v now_o these_o beginning_n aswell_o of_o the_o jewish_a as_o the_o christian_n religion_n among_o the_o ethiopian_n be_v thus_o declare_v we_o be_v next_o to_o entreat_v of_o the_o doctrine_n &_o religion_n itself_o together_o with_o the_o rite_n &_o ceremony_n use_v at_o this_o present_a in_o the_o ethiopicke_n church_n so_o far_o forth_o as_o we_o can_v gather_v out_o of_o the_o ambassage_n which_o have_v be_v perform_v from_o these_o part_n thither_o &_o back_o again_o beside_o which_o there_o be_v no_o history_n nor_o discourse_n of_o any_o worth_n to_o be_v find_v which_o entreat_v of_o the_o religion_n manner_n and_o custom_n of_o the_o ethiopian_n so_o as_o it_o be_v a_o matter_n very_o strange_a that_o for_o so_o many_o hundred_o year_n together_o ethiopia_n be_v so_o bar_v from_o our_o knowledge_n that_o we_o have_v not_o so_o much_o as_o any_o report_n thereof_o until_o about_o the_o year_n of_o our_o lord_n 1440._o certain_a ambassador_n send_v from_o thence_o to_o pope_n eugenius_n return_v back_o with_o his_o letter_n and_o papal_a benediction_n to_o their_o king_n which_o letter_n be_v most_o chary_o keep_v among_o the_o record_n of_o this_o ethiopian_a king_n and_o be_v preserve_v for_o perpetual_a monument_n from_o which_o time_n also_o as_o though_o ethiopia_n have_v be_v again_o choir_n debar_v from_o the_o knowledge_n and_o conversation_n of_o our_o man_n there_o be_v not_o any_o european_n that_o go_v into_o ethiopia_n nor_o any_o ethiopian_n that_o come_v into_o europe_n till_o the_o year_n of_o our_o lord_n 1486._o what_o time_n john_n the_o second_o king_n of_o portugal_n send_v pedro_n de_fw-fr covilham_n and_o alonço_o the_o paiva_fw-mi to_o search_v out_o ethiopia_n this_o pedro_n be_v a_o man_n very_o learned_a eloquent_a skilful_a in_o sundry_a language_n painful_a in_o his_o endeavour_n fortunate_a in_o his_o attempt_n and_o most_o desirous_a to_o find_v out_o new_a country_n and_o people_n both_o by_o sea_n and_o land_n he_o therefore_o in_o the_o year_n above_o mention_v together_o with_o his_o companion_n alonço_o the_o 〈◊〉_d who_o die_v in_o the_o voyage_n travail_v first_o to_o alexandria_n and_o cairo_n in_o egypt_n from_o whence_o in_o the_o company_n of_o certain_a moor_n of_o fez_n and_o tremizen_n he_o proceed_v on_o to_o el_n tor_n a_o haven_n town_n upon_o the_o arabian_a shore_n of_o the_o red_a sea_n and_o thence_o to_o aden_n situate_v without_o the_o entrance_n of_o the_o arabian_a gulf_n where_o have_v embark_v himself_o in_o a_o ship_n of_o moor_n he_o travail_v to_o calicut_n goa_n and_o other_o place_n of_o the_o east_n indies_n and_o be_v full_o inform_v of_o the_o state_n of_o the_o spicery_n he_o cross_v over_o the_o main_a ocean_n to_o çofala_n sail_v thence_o to_o ormuz_n and_o then_o return_v back_o to_o cairo_n from_o whence_o have_v dispatch_v letter_n unto_o his_o king_n in_o the_o company_n of_o rabbi_n joseph_n a_o jew_n he_o make_v a_o second_o voyage_n to_o ormuz_n and_o in_o his_o return_n he_o take_v his_o journey_n towards_o ethiopia_n the_o emperor_n whereof_o at_o that_o time_n be_v call_v alexander_n unto_o who_o when_o he_o have_v deliver_v a_o letter_n and_o a_o map_n of_o the_o world_n send_v from_o king_n john_n he_o be_v most_o kind_o entertain_v and_o reward_v with_o many_o rich_a gift_n and_o albeit_o he_o most_o earnest_o desire_v to_o return_v into_o his_o own_o country_n yet_o can_v he_o never_o obtain_v leave_n but_o have_v wealth_n honour_n and_o a_o wife_n of_o a_o noble_a family_n bestow_v upon_o he_o to_o assuage_v his_o desire_n of_o return_v home_o wherefore_o in_o the_o year_n 1526._o which_o be_v forty_o year_n after_o his_o departure_n out_o of_o portugal_n he_o be_v leave_v by_o rodrigo_n de_fw-fr lima_n the_o portugal_n ambassador_n still_o remain_v in_o the_o court_n of_o prete_n janni_n in_o all_o this_o mean_a
brief_a journal_n of_o his_o travel_n you_o may_v see_v in_o the_o end_n of_o his_o eight_o book_n what_o he_o write_v for_o himself_o wherefore_o say_v he_o if_o it_o shall_v please_v god_n to_o vouchsafe_v i_o long_o life_n i_o purpose_v to_o describe_v all_o the_o region_n of_o asia_n which_o i_o have_v travel_v to_o wit_n arabia_n deserta_fw-la arabia_n petrea_n arabia_n felix_n the_o asian_a part_n of_o egypt_n armenia_n and_o some_o part_n of_o tartary_n all_o which_o country_n i_o see_v and_o pass_v through_o in_o the_o time_n of_o my_o youth_n likewise_o i_o will_v describe_v my_o last_o voyage_n from_o constantinople_n to_o egypt_n and_o from_o thence_o unto_o italy_n etc._n etc._n beside_o all_o which_o place_n he_o have_v also_o be_v at_o tauris_n in_o persia_n and_o of_o his_o own_o country_n and_o other_o african_a region_n adjoin_v and_o remote_a he_o be_v so_o diligent_a a_o traveller_n that_o there_o be_v no_o kingdom_n province_n signory_n or_o city_n nor_o scarce_o any_o town_n village_n mountain_n valley_n river_n or_o forest_n etc._n etc._n which_o he_o leave_v unuisited_a and_o so_o much_o the_o more_o credit_n and_o commendation_n descru_v this_o worthy_a history_n of_o he_o in_o that_o it_o be_v except_o the_o antiquity_n and_o certain_a other_o incident_n nothing_o else_o but_o a_o large_a itinerarium_fw-la or_o journal_n of_o his_o african_a voyage_n neither_o describe_v he_o almost_o any_o one_o particular_a place_n where_o himself_o have_v not_o sometime_o be_v a_o eyewitness_n but_o not_o to_o forget_v his_o conversion_n to_o christianity_n amid_o all_o these_o his_o busy_a and_o dangerous_a travel_n it_o please_v the_o divine_a providence_n for_o the_o discovery_n and_o manifestation_n of_o god_n wonder_a work_n and_o of_o his_o dreadful_a and_o just_a judgement_n perform_v in_o africa_n which_o before_o the_o time_n of_o john_n leo_n be_v either_o utter_o conceal_v or_o unperfect_o and_o fabulous_o report_v both_o by_o ancient_a and_o 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with_o the_o history_n itself_o first_o therefore_o from_o so_o worthy_a a_o author_n how_o can_v a_o history_n proceed_v but_o of_o special_a worth_n and_o consequence_n for_o proof_n whereof_o i_o appeal_v unto_o the_o translation_n thereof_o into_o latin_a italian_a spanish_a french_a english_a and_o if_o i_o be_v not_o deceive_v into_o some_o other_o language_n which_o argue_v a_o general_a 〈◊〉_d of_o the_o same_o i_o appeal_v also_o to_o the_o grand_a and_o most_o judicial_a cosmographer_n leo._n master_n john_n baptista_n ramusius_n sometime_o secretary_n to_o the_o state_n of_o venice_n who_o in_o the_o preface_n to_o his_o first_o volume_n of_o voyage_n so_o high_o commend_v it_o to_o learned_a fracastoro_fw-it and_o place_v it_o every_o word_n in_o the_o very_a forefront_n of_o his_o discourse_n as_o the_o principal_a &_o most_o praisewoorthy_a of_o they_o all_o and_o be_v renown_a ortelius_n alive_a i_o will_v under_o correction_n report_v i_o to_o he_o whether_o his_o map_n of_o barbary_n and_o biledulgerid_n as_o also_o in_o his_o last_o additament_n that_o of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o maroco_n and_o fez_n be_v not_o particular_o and_o from_o point_n to_o point_v frame_v out_o of_o this_o present_a relation_n which_o he_o also_o in_o two_o place_n at_o the_o least_o prefer_v far_o before_o all_o other_o history_n write_v of_o africa_n but_o to_o leave_v the_o testimony_n of_o other_o and_o to_o come_v near_o to_o the_o matter_n itself_o like_v as_o our_o prime_n and_o peerless_a english_a antiquary_n master_n william_n camden_n in_o his_o learned_a britannia_n 〈◊〉_d exact_o describe_v england_n scotland_n ireland_n and_o the_o isle_n adjacent_a the_o which_o by_o leander_n for_o 〈◊〉_d by_o damianus_n a_o goez_n brief_o for_o spain_n by_o belforest_n for_o france_n by_o munster_n for_o upper_a germany_n by_o guiccardini_fw-la for_o the_o netherlande_n and_o by_o other_o for_o other_o country_n have_v be_v perform_v so_o likewise_o this_o our_o author_n john_n leo_n in_o the_o history_n ensue_v have_v so_o large_o particular_o and_o methodical_o decipher_v the_o country_n of_o barbary_n numidia_n libya_n the_o land_n of_o negro_n and_o the_o hither_o part_n of_o egypt_n as_o i_o take_v it_o never_o any_o writer_n either_o before_o or_o since_o his_o time_n have_v do_v for_o if_o you_o shall_v thorough_o consider_v he_o what_o kingdom_n province_n city_n town_n village_n mountain_n valley_n river_n yea_o what_o temple_n college_n hospital_n bathstove_n inn_n or_o what_o other_o memorable_a matter_n do_v he_o omit_v so_o do_v he_o most_o judicial_o describe_v the_o temperature_n of_o the_o climate_n and_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o soil_n as_o also_o the_o disposition_n manner_n rite_n custom_n and_o most_o ancient_a pedigree_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n together_o with_o the_o alteration_n of_o religion_n and_o estate_n the_o conquest_n and_o overthrow_n of_o the_o roman_n goth_n and_o arabian_n and_o other_o thing_n by_o the_o way_n right_o worthy_a the_o observation_n so_o that_o the_o african_n may_v just_o say_v to_o he_o and_o the_o english_a to_o master_n camden_n as_o the_o prince_n of_o roman_a orator_n do_v unto_o marcus_n varro_n the_o learn_a of_o his_o nation_n nos_fw-la in_o patria_fw-la nostra_fw-la peregrinantes_fw-la errantesque_fw-la tanquam_fw-la hospites_fw-la tui_fw-la lib._n libri_fw-la quasi_fw-la domum_fw-la deduxerunt_fw-la ut_fw-la possemus_fw-la aliquando_fw-la qui_fw-la &_o ubi_fw-la essemus_fw-la agnoscere_fw-la tuaetatem_fw-la patriae_fw-la tu_fw-la descriptiones_fw-la temporum_fw-la tu_fw-la sacrorum_fw-la iura_fw-la tu_fw-la domesticam_fw-la tu_fw-la bellicam_fw-la disciplinam_fw-la tu_fw-la sedem_fw-la regionum_fw-la &_o locorum_fw-la etc._n etc._n which_o may_v thus_o be_v rude_o 〈◊〉_d wander_v up_o and_o down_o like_a pilgrim_n in_o our_o own_o native_a soil_n thy_o book_n have_v as_o it_o be_v lead_v we_o the_o right_a way_n home_o that_o we_o may_v at_o length_n acknowledge_v both_o who_o and_o where_o we_o be_v thou_o have_v reveal_v the_o antiquity_n of_o our_o nation_n the_o order_n of_o time_n the_o rite_n of_o our_o religion_n our_o manner_n of_o government_n both_o in_o peace_n and_o war_n yea_o thou_o have_v describe_v the_o situation_n of_o country_n and_o place_n etc._n etc._n now_o as_o concern_v the_o addition_n before_o and_o after_o this_o geographical_a history_n have_v have_v some_o spare-hower_n since_o it_o come_v first_o under_o the_o press_n i_o think_v good_a both_o for_o the_o reader_n satisfaction_n and_o that_o john_n leo_n may_v not_o appear_v too_o solitary_a upon_o the_o stage_n to_o bestow_v a_o part_n of_o they_o in_o collect_v and_o digest_v the_o same_o the_o chief_a scope_n of_o this_o my_o enterprise_n be_v to_o make_v a_o brief_a and_o cursory_a description_n of_o all_o those_o main_a land_n and_o isle_n of_o africa_n which_o my_o author_n in_o his_o nine_o book_n have_v omit_v for_o he_o in_o very_a deed_n leave_v untouched_a all_o those_o part_n of_o the_o african_a continent_n which_o lie_v to_o the_o south_n of_o the_o fifteen_o kingdom_n of_o negro_n and_o to_o the_o east_n of_o nilus_n for_o the_o manifestation_n whereof_o i_o have_v as_o true_o as_o i_o can_v conjecture_v in_o the_o map_n adjoin_v to_o this_o book_n cause_v a_o list_n or_o border_n of_o small_a prick_v to_o be_v engrave_v which_o run_v westward_o from_o the_o mouth_n of_o nilus_n to_o the_o straits_n of_o gibraltar_n and_o from_o thence_o southward_a to_o the_o coast_n of_o guinie_n and_o then_o eastward_a to_o the_o bank_n of_o nilus_n and_o so_o northward_o to_o the_o place_n where_o it_o begin_v do_v with_o advantage_n include_v all_o place_n treat_v of_o by_o leo_n and_o exclude_v the_o residue_n which_o by_o way_n of_o preface_n we_o have_v describe_v before_o the_o begin_n of_o his_o african_a history_n likewise_o at_o the_o latter_a end_n i_o have_v put_v down_o certain_a relation_n of_o the_o great_a prince_n of_o africa_n and_o of_o the_o christian_a
jewish_a mahometan_a and_o gentilish_a religion_n there_o 〈◊〉_d the_o prince_n of_o great_a account_n either_o inhabit_v or_o at_o least_o possess_v large_a territory_n there_o be_v first_o the_o grand_a neguz_n or_o christian_a emperor_n of_o abassia_n or_o the_o high_a ethiopia_n common_o call_v presbyter_n john_n or_o as_o zagazabo_n his_o own_o leo._n ambassador_n will_v have_v he_o precious_a john_n but_o because_o 〈◊〉_d all_o the_o ethiopic_a relation_n of_o francis_n aluarez_n be_v the_o best_a that_o ever_o be_v write_v of_o those_o part_n he_o be_v continual_o name_v prete_n janni_n in_o imitation_n of_o he_o i_o also_o most_o common_o call_v he_o by_o that_o name_n and_o so_o likewise_o though_o zagazabo_n for_o the_o more_o magnificent_a reputation_n of_o his_o prince_n will_v have_v his_o dominion_n call_v ethiopia_n yet_o with_o the_o consent_n of_o some_o approve_a author_n and_o also_o to_o distinguish_v the_o country_n of_o this_o emperor_n from_o many_o other_o region_n situate_v both_o in_o the_o high_a ethiopia_n and_o in_o the_o low_a i_o have_v set_v it_o down_o in_o my_o map_n and_o in_o my_o discourse_n do_v most_o usual_o speak_v thereof_o under_o the_o name_n of_o abassia_n the_o other_o great_a prince_n entreat_v of_o in_o the_o say_a relation_n be_v the_o k._n of_o spain_n the_o turkish_a emperor_n the_o serifo_n xarifo_n otherwise_o call_v the_o miramonin_n or_o the_o king_n of_o maroco_n sus_n and_o fez_n and_o the_o emperor_n of_o monomotapa_n my_o method_n in_o the_o discourse_n before_o leo_n be_v after_o a_o general_a preface_n of_o africa_n to_o begin_v at_o the_o red_a sea_n where_o leo_n end_v and_o thence_o as_o well_o in_o the_o description_n of_o the_o main_a land_n as_o of_o the_o isle_n by_o he_o untouched_a to_o proceed_v on_o southerly_a to_o the_o cape_n of_o buena_fw-es esperança_fw-it from_o which_o cape_n we_o return_v towards_o the_o north_n describe_v all_o along_o the_o western_a country_n and_o isle_n of_o africa_n till_o we_o have_v bring_v our_o whole_a description_n to_o a_o end_n upon_o the_o most_o southwesterly_a part_n 〈◊〉_d barbary_n where_o our_o author_n john_n leo_n begin_v he_o et_fw-la quoniam_fw-la as_o one_o say_v turpe_fw-la non_fw-la est_fw-la per_fw-la quos_fw-la profeceris_fw-la agnoscere_fw-la my_o principal_a author_n out_o of_o who_o i_o have_v gather_v this_o store_n be_v of_o the_o ancient_a note_n ptolemey_n strabo_n pliny_n diodorus_n siculus_n etc._n etc._n and_o among_o late_a writer_n i_o have_v help_v myself_o out_o of_o sundry_a discourse_n in_o the_o first_o italian_a volume_n of_o baptista_n ramusio_n as_o likewise_o out_o of_o john_n barros_n castanneda_n ortelius_n osorius_n the_o reb_n gest_n eman._n matthew_n dresserus_n quadus_n isolario_n del_fw-it mundo_fw-la john_n huighen_fw-mi van_fw-mi linschoten_n &_o out_o of_o the_o hollander_n late_a voyage_n to_o the_o east_n indies_n and_o to_o san_n tomé_n but_o i_o be_o much_o more_o behold_v to_o the_o history_n of_o philippo_n pigafetta_n to_o the_o ethiopic_a relation_n of_o francis_n aluarez_n &_o of_o damianus_n a_o goez_n and_o beyond_o all_o comparison_n both_o for_o matter_n and_o method_n most_o of_o all_o to_o the_o learned_a astronomer_n and_o geographer_n antonius_n maginus_fw-la of_o padua_n and_o to_o the_o universal_a relation_n write_v in_o italian_a by_o g._n b._n b._n and_o here_o before_o i_o surcease_v i_o must_v admonish_v the_o reader_n of_o certain_a fault_n escape_v in_o some_o copy_n as_o namely_o in_o the_o description_n of_o the_o isle_n in_o the_o barbarian_a bay_n açotatado_n for_o açotado_n in_o a_o marginal_a note_n over_o against_o the_o description_n of_o tombuto_n in_o the_o seven_o book_n of_o john_n leo_n money_n for_o gold_n in_o the_o relation_n of_o the_o christianity_n of_o egypt_n hypostasis_fw-la twice_o together_o in_o stead_n of_o hypostasis_n and_o in_o the_o discourse_n of_o the_o christianity_n of_o congo_n paulo_n aquitino_n for_o panso_n aquitimo_fw-la other_o literal_a fault_n if_o there_o be_v any_o will_v not_o be_v hard_o for_o the_o reader_n himself_o to_o amend_v africa_n a_o general_a description_n of_o all_o africa_n together_o with_o a_o comparison_n of_o the_o ancient_a and_o new_a name_n of_o all_o the_o principal_a country_n and_o province_n therein_o that_o part_n of_o inhabit_a land_n extend_v southward_a libya_n which_o we_o call_v africa_n and_o the_o greek_n libya_n be_v one_o of_o the_o three_o general_a part_n of_o the_o world_n know_v unto_o our_o ancestor_n which_o in_o very_a age_n deed_n be_v not_o thorough_o by_o they_o discover_v both_o because_o the_o inland_n can_v not_o be_v travail_v in_o regard_n of_o huge_a desert_n full_a of_o dangerous_a sand_n which_o be_v drive_v with_o the_o wind_n put_v traveller_n in_o extreme_a hazard_n of_o their_o life_n and_o also_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o long_a and_o perilous_a navigation_n upon_o the_o african_a coast_n for_o which_o cause_n it_o be_v by_o very_o few_o of_o ancient_a time_n compass_v by_o navigation_n much_o less_o search_v or_o entire_o know_v of_o which_o few_o the_o principal_a be_v hanno_n a_o carthaginian_a captain_n send_v by_o the_o governor_n of_o that_o commonwealth_n about_o for_o discovery_n of_o the_o say_a land_n and_o one_o eudoxus_n that_o flee_v from_o ptolemaeus_n lathyrus_n the_o king_n of_o alexandria_n howbeit_o in_o these_o latter_a time_n it_o have_v be_v often_o dutch._n by_o the_o portugal_n sail_v round_o about_o and_o diligent_o search_v especial_o along_o the_o shore_n even_o from_o the_o straits_n of_o gibraltar_n to_o the_o entrance_n of_o the_o red_a sea_n africa_n but_o the_o first_o portugal_n that_o ever_o double_a the_o cape_n of_o buena_fw-es esperança_fw-es and_o coast_v the_o south_n and_o southeast_n part_n of_o africa_n in_o former_a 〈◊〉_d unknown_a be_v vasco_n da_fw-it gama_n in_o the_o year_n 1497._o who_o from_o hence_o sail_v to_o calicut_n in_o the_o east_n indies_n to_o the_o unspeakable_a gain_n of_o the_o portugal_n to_o omit_v john_n leo_n his_o etymology_n of_o this_o name_n africa_n festus_n will_v have_v it_o to_o be_v derive_v from_o the_o greek_a word_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d which_o signify_v horror_n or_o cold_a and_o from_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d the_o particle_n privative_a as_o who_o shall_v say_v africa_n be_v a_o place_n free_a from_o all_o horror_n and_o extremity_n of_o cold_a because_o it_o lie_v open_a to_o the_o heaven_n and_o be_v sandy_a dry_a and_o desert_n other_o say_v that_o it_o be_v call_v africa_n quasi_fw-la aprica_fw-la that_o be_v expose_v and_o subject_a to_o the_o scorch_a beam_n of_o the_o sun_n the_o most_o part_n there_o of_o lie_v between_o the_o tropic_n josephus_n will_v have_v libya_n it_o so_o call_v from_o 〈◊〉_d one_o of_o the_o posterity_n of_o abraham_n and_o other_o from_o afer_n son_n to_o hercules_n of_o libya_n but_o it_o be_v by_o the_o greek_n call_v libya_n because_o it_o be_v in_o old_a time_n conquer_v by_o lib_n the_o king_n of_o mauritania_n in_o the_o holy_a scripture_n it_o be_v call_v chamesis_n by_o the_o arabian_n and_o ethiopian_n 〈◊〉_d and_o by_o the_o indian_n besecath_n in_o situation_n &_o shape_n this_o land_n of_o africa_n be_v almost_o a_o islle_v be_v by_o a_o very_a africa_n small_a and_o narrow_a neckland_n pass_v between_o the_o mediterran_n sea_n and_o the_o gulf_n of_o arabia_n 〈◊〉_d the_o red_a sea_n conjoin_v to_o asia_n and_o in_o extension_n of_o ground_n be_v almost_o twice_o as_o big_a as_o europe_n albeit_o for_o inhabitant_n it_o be_v not_o half_a so_o populous_a wherefore_o though_o in_o longitude_n from_o west_n to_o east_n africa_n europe_n be_v short_a than_o europe_n in_o some_o place_n yet_o extend_v it_o so_o far_o unto_o the_o south_n that_o europe_n in_o that_o respect_n be_v nothing_o comparable_a unto_o it_o for_o africa_n contain_v almost_o seventie_o degree_n in_o latitude_n whereas_o europe_n stretch_v but_o five_o and_o thirty_o degree_n moreover_o africa_n be_v more_o uniform_a and_o spacious_a but_o europe_n be_v of_o a_o more_o distract_a and_o manifold_a shape_n be_v in_o sundry_a inhabit_v place_n disperse_v &_o restrain_v by_o the_o sea_n howbeit_o notwithstanding_o africa_n have_v far_o great_a extension_n of_o ground_n than_o europe_n yet_o be_v it_o not_o so_o populous_a nor_o so_o commodious_a to_o inhabit_v for_o the_o land_n of_o africa_n be_v in_o many_o place_n unhabitable_a the_o principal_a cause_n whereof_o be_v the_o scarcity_n of_o water_n the_o barrenness_n of_o the_o soil_n be_v either_o cover_v with_o 〈◊〉_d sand_n dust_n or_o ash_n or_o else_o be_v subject_a to_o extreme_a heat_n of_o the_o sun_n also_o there_o africa_n be_v certain_a dangerous_a heap_n of_o sand_n which_o be_v raise_v by_o the_o wind_n be_v drive_v up_o and_o down_o like_o the_o wave_n of_o a_o tempestuous_a sea_n in_o brief_a there_o be_v such_o abundance_n of_o venomous_a and_o hurtful_a
interior_a mauritania_n tingitana_n the_o most_o rich_a and_o beautiful_a cowtrey_n of_o africa_n fez._n so_o name_v of_o the_o city_n tingis_n which_o we_o at_o this_o day_n call_v tanger_n be_v sometime_o also_o as_o pliny_n witness_v call_v borgundiana_n moreover_o other_o have_v call_v it_o by_o the_o name_n of_o mauritania_n sitiphensis_fw-la hispania_n transfretana_n and_o hispania_n tingitana_n but_o solinus_n term_v the_o same_o mauritania_n inferior_a the_o inhabitant_n be_v of_o old_a name_v by_o the_o grecian_n maurusij_n and_o by_o the_o roman_n mauri_n but_o the_o spaniard_n at_o this_o present_a term_n they_o alarabe_n in_o this_o part_n of_o africa_n be_v now_o contain_v two_o stately_a kingdom_n namely_o the_o kingdom_n of_o maroco_n 〈◊〉_d the_o kingdom_n of_o fez_n both_o which_o be_v environ_v with_o the_o mountain_n of_o atlas_n the_o ocean_n and_o the_o mediterran_n sea_n and_o to_o the_o east_n with_o the_o river_n of_o muluia_n mauritania_n caesariensis_n name_v according_a to_o the_o city_n of_o caesaria_n aiger_n which_o be_v so_o call_v after_o the_o name_n of_o claudius_n caesar_n at_o this_o present_a bear_v the_o name_n of_o tiguident_a or_o tegdemt_a which_o word_n in_o the_o arabian_a tongue_n signify_v ancient_a be_v by_o victor_n vticensis_n term_v mauritania_n maior_fw-la by_o strabo_n massilia_n and_o massaesilia_n and_o the_o inhabitant_n thereof_o by_o pliny_n massaesuli_n at_o this_o present_a it_o contain_v the_o kingdom_n of_o tremizen_n as_o dominias_n niger_n and_o girava_n be_v of_o opinion_n numidia_n the_o ancient_a call_v in_o the_o time_n of_o ptolomey_n the_o new_a but_o by_o etc._n the_o greek_n as_o pliny_n testify_v metagonitis_n and_o the_o inhabitant_n thereof_o numidae_n and_o nomades_n be_v that_o region_n which_o lie_v between_o the_o great_a river_n and_o the_o river_n megerada_n over_o which_o country_n king_n masinissa_n bare_a rule_n it_o contain_v now_o as_o i_o conjecture_v the_o province_n of_o bugia_n constantina_n bona_n and_o mezzab_n howbeit_o at_o this_o present_a we_o understande_v by_o numidia_n that_o region_n which_o lie_v between_o the_o mountain_n of_o atlas_n and_o the_o libyan_a desert_n call_v by_o john_n leo_n and_o marmolius_n biledulgerid_n or_o the_o land_n of_o date_n because_o this_o be_v the_o only_a region_n for_o plenty_n of_o date_n in_o all_o africa_n africa_n propria_fw-la situate_v upon_o the_o mediterran_n sea_n between_o the_o region_n tunis_n of_o old_a numidia_n and_o the_o cyrene_n be_v call_v by_o pliny_n zeugitania_n who_o divide_v it_o into_o the_o ancient_a and_o the_o new_a at_o this_o present_a it_o be_v the_o kingdom_n of_o tunis_n for_o it_o contain_v byzacium_n which_o by_o strabo_n be_v account_v a_o part_n of_o africa_n propria_fw-la the_o head_n of_o this_o province_n in_o time_n past_a be_v carthage_n whereof_o at_o this_o present_a there_o be_v nothing_o but_o ruin_n extant_a cyrene_n or_o cyrenaica_n by_o pliny_n call_v pentapolis_n and_o by_o the_o hebrew_n mesrata_n lebahim_n be_v esteem_v by_o girava_n to_o be_v at_o this_o present_a call_v corene_n and_o by_o andrew_n thevet_n assadib_n but_o john_n leo_n and_o marmolius_n name_v it_o mesrata_n marmarica_n be_v call_v by_o pliny_n mareotis_n and_o libya_n howbeit_o at_o this_o present_a barcha_n the_o desert_n of_o barcha_n describe_v by_o john_n leo_n in_o his_o six_o book_n contain_v a_o great_a part_n of_o cyrenaica_n and_o all_o marmarica_n but_o libya_n propria_fw-la retain_v till_o this_o present_a the_o name_n of_o libya_n and_o be_v sarra_n that_o part_n which_o the_o arabian_n call_v sarra_n which_o word_n signify_v a_o desert_n both_o the_o ancient_a ethiopias_n be_v now_o possess_v by_o the_o abassin_n under_o abassia_n the_o dominion_n of_o prete_n janni_n egypt_n retain_v even_o till_o this_o day_n the_o ancient_a name_n the_o best_a modern_a division_n of_o africa_n for_o these_o our_o time_n be_v to_o add_v unto_o the_o four_o general_a part_n barbaria_n numidia_n libya_n and_o the_o land_n of_o negro_n set_v down_o by_o john_n leo_n three_o other_o general_a part_n to_o wit_n egypt_n the_o inner_a or_o the_o upper_a ethiopia_n contain_v troglodytica_fw-la nubia_n and_o the_o empire_n of_o prete_n janni_n and_o the_o low_a or_o the_o extreme_a ethiopia_n stretch_v from_o the_o say_a empire_n along_o the_o sea-coast_n and_o through_o the_o inland_a even_o to_o the_o cape_n of_o buena_fw-es esperança_n thus_o much_o of_o africa_n in_o general_a now_o it_o remain_v that_o we_o brief_o describe_v in_o particular_a all_o the_o principal_a main_a land_n and_o island_n undescribe_v by_o john_n leo_n which_o thereto_o belong_v or_o adjoine_v begin_v first_o with_o the_o red_a sea_n one_o of_o the_o chief_a limit_n of_o africa_n and_o from_o thence_o shape_a our_o course_n along_o the_o eastern_a or_o far_a quarter_n thereof_o through_o the_o dominion_n of_o prete_n janni_n the_o land_n of_o zanguebar_n the_o empire_n of_o mohenemuge_a and_o monomotapa_n and_o the_o region_n of_o cafraria_n and_o then_o have_v double_v the_o cape_n of_o buena_fw-es esperança_fw-es range_v we_o along_o the_o western_a part_n by_o the_o kingdom_n of_o angola_n congo_n anzichi_n benin_n ghinea_n and_o by_o the_o cape_n of_o sierra_n leona_n capo_n verde_v and_o the_o castle_n of_o arguin_n till_o we_o have_v bring_v ourselves_o to_o finish_v our_o course_n upon_o the_o most_o southwesterne_a part_n of_o barbary_n from_o whence_o our_o author_n john_n leo_n begin_v he_o a_o particular_a description_n of_o all_o the_o know_a border_n coast_n and_o inland_n of_o africa_n which_o john_n leo_n have_v leave_v undescribe_v collect_v out_o of_o sundry_a ancient_a and_o late_a writer_n of_o the_o red_a sea_n the_o red_a sea_n call_v by_o other_o the_o arabian_a gulf_n and_o the_o straight_a of_o mecha_n contain_v in_o length_n twelve_o hundred_o mile_n and_o in_o breadth_n but_o one_o hundred_o be_v divide_v into_o three_o partition_n or_o channel_n the_o middlemost_a whereof_o be_v call_v the_o large_a or_o deep_a sea_n be_v without_o danger_n navigable_a both_o day_n and_o night_n because_o it_o have_v from_o five_o and_o twenty_o to_o fifty_o fathom_n water_n especial_o from_o the_o isle_n of_o camaran_n even_o to_o suez_n stand_v at_o the_o very_a bottom_n of_o the_o gulf_n the_o other_o two_o partition_n which_o be_v the_o eastern_a and_o western_a extremity_n be_v encumber_v with_o so_o many_o little_a isle_n and_o rock_n as_o it_o be_v impossible_a to_o sail_v over_o they_o but_o only_o by_o daylight_n and_o with_o most_o expert_a pilot_n which_o be_v to_o be_v hire_v at_o a_o small_a island_n lie_v overthwart_o the_o babelmandel_n very_a mouth_n or_o entrance_n of_o the_o red_a sea_n which_o the_o ancient_a king_n of_o egypt_n if_o the_o report_n of_o strabo_n be_v true_a bar_v with_o a_o chain_n from_o the_o african_a to_o the_o arabian_a side_n this_o sea_n be_v very_o scarce_o of_o fish_n perhaps_o because_o there_o fall_v no_o river_n thereinto_o which_o with_o their_o fresh_a and_o sweet_a water_n do_v much_o delight_n and_o nourish_v the_o fish_n and_o the_o strand_n or_o shore_n thereof_o be_v destitute_a of_o all_o green_a grass_n herb_n or_o weed_n the_o port_n and_o haven_n of_o this_o sea_n be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n very_o dangerous_a and_o difficult_a to_o enter_v by_o reason_n of_o the_o manifold_a wind_n and_o turn_n which_o must_v be_v make_v to_o avoid_v the_o rock_n at_o the_o very_a head_n or_o north_n end_n of_o this_o gulf_n stand_v suez_n which_o heretofore_o geber_n seem_v to_o have_v be_v call_v civitas_fw-la heroum_fw-la and_o in_o the_o time_n of_o david_n and_o solomon_n hazion-geber_n from_o whence_o the_o fleet_n of_o those_o part_n be_v send_v to_o ophir_n for_o gold_n and_o other_o rich_a commodity_n under_o the_o egyptian_a ptolemey_n and_o the_o roman_n this_o town_n flourish_v exceed_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o infinite_a quantity_n of_o merchandise_n bring_v thither_o from_o the_o east_n indies_n and_o arabia_n but_o now_o it_o be_v nothing_o so_o frequent_v partly_o in_o regard_n of_o the_o mighty_a concourse_n and_o traffic_n which_o mecha_n draw_v unto_o itself_o and_o partly_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o portugal_n conveyance_n of_o spice_n and_o other_o indian_a commodity_n about_o the_o cape_n of_o buena_fw-es esperança_fw-es at_o this_o present_a the_o great_a fleet_n turk_n have_v there_o a_o arsenal_n with_o certain_a galley_n for_o fear_n of_o the_o portugal_n aforesaid_a against_o who_o there_o have_v be_v dispatch_v from_o this_o place_n two_o great_a fleet_n one_o for_o the_o assail_a of_o 〈◊〉_d and_o another_o for_o ormuz_n howbeit_o because_o all_o the_o country_n round_o about_o be_v utter_o destitute_a of_o wood_n it_o be_v a_o matter_n of_o infinite_a charge_n to_o furnish_v forth_o a_o fleet_n from_o hence_o for_o they_o be_v constrain_v to_o fetch_v their_o timber_n as_o far_o as_o caramania_n partly_o by_o sea_n and_o partly_o upon_o
soap_n which_o have_v double_a the_o force_n of_o we_o for_o which_o cause_n it_o be_v forbid_v by_o the_o portugal_n who_o mina_n have_v upon_o that_o coast_n a_o little_a to_o the_o east_n of_o cabo_n das_fw-la tres_fw-la puntas_fw-la in_o the_o northerly_a latitude_n of_o five_o degree_n a_o strong_a castle_n call_v san_n georgio_n de_fw-fr lá_fw-fr mina_n whereunto_o by_o way_n of_o traffic_n they_o draw_v all_o the_o gold_n and_o riches_n of_o the_o country_n adjoin_v westward_o of_o these_o lie_v the_o country_n of_o ghinea_n inhabit_v by_o a_o people_n which_o the_o ancient_a writer_n call_v 〈◊〉_d autolatae_fw-la and_o ichthyophagi_n ghinea_n be_v so_o name_v according_a to_o the_o chief_a city_n thereof_o call_v genni_n be_v situate_a upon_o the_o river_n of_o sanega_n the_o people_n of_o this_o country_n towards_o the_o sea-coast_n live_v upon_o fish_n and_o they_o of_o the_o inland_n sustain_v themselves_o with_o lizard_n and_o such_o like_a creature_n &_o in_o some_o place_n more_o temperate_a their_o food_n consist_v of_o herb_n and_o milk_n they_o converse_v together_o in_o great_a family_n and_o they_o fight_v oftentimes_o for_o water_n and_o for_o pasture_n neither_o have_v they_o 〈◊〉_d knowledge_n of_o learning_n or_o liberal_a art_n so_o long_o as_o the_o sun_n continue_v in_o our_o northern_a sign_n that_o be_v from_o the_o xj_o of_o march_n to_o the_o xiij_o of_o september_n this_o people_n in_o regard_n of_o extreme_a 〈◊〉_d heat_n be_v constrain_v all_o the_o day_n time_n be_v ordinary_o with_o they_o of_o 12._o hour_n to_o retire_v themselves_o within_o their_o house_n and_o to_o do_v all_o their_o business_n in_o the_o night_n the_o country_n in_o most_o place_n be_v destitute_a of_o tree_n that_o bear_v fruit_n neither_o have_v the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n any_o hair_n on_o their_o body_n save_v only_o a_o thick_a tuft_n grow_v upon_o their_o head_n they_o sell_v their_o child_n unto_o stranger_n suppose_v that_o their_o estate_n can_v possible_o be_v impair_v unto_o these_o natural_a misery_n of_o the_o place_n you_o may_v add_v the_o insupportable_a mischief_n which_o be_v here_o do_v by_o the_o locust_n for_o albeit_o these_o creature_n do_v infinite_a harm_n likewise_o in_o all_o the_o inner_a part_n of_o africa_n yet_o seem_v it_o that_o this_o country_n of_o ghinea_n be_v their_o most_o proper_a habitation_n whither_o they_o do_v often_o resort_v in_o such_o innumerable_a swarm_n that_o like_o a_o mighty_a thick_a cloud_n they_o come_v rake_v along_o in_o the_o sky_n and_o afterward_o fall_v down_o they_o cover_v the_o face_n of_o the_o earth_n devour_v all_o thing_n that_o they_o light_n upon_o their_o come_n towards_o any_o place_n be_v know_v two_o or_o three_o day_n before_o by_o the_o yellownes_n of_o the_o sun_n but_o in_o most_o place_n 〈◊〉_d where_o they_o haunt_v the_o poor_a people_n be_v revenge_v of_o they_o by_o kill_v and_o drive_v they_o in_o the_o air_n for_o their_o food_n 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corn_n in_o may_n and_o in_o october_n they_o gather_v their_o date_n but_o from_o the_o midst_n of_o september_n they_o have_v winter_n till_o the_o beginning_n of_o 〈◊〉_d but_o if_o september_n fall_v out_o to_o be_v rainy_a they_o be_v like_a to_o lose_v most_o part_n of_o their_o date_n all_o the_o field_n of_o numidia_n require_v water_v from_o the_o river_n but_o if_o the_o mountain_n of_o atlas_n have_v no_o rain_n fall_v upon_o they_o the_o numidian_a river_n wax_v dry_a and_o so_o the_o field_n be_v destitute_a of_o water_v october_n be_v destitute_a of_o rain_n the_o husbandman_n have_v no_o hope_n to_o cast_v his_o seed_n into_o the_o ground_n and_o he_o despair_v likewise_o if_o it_o rain_v not_o in_o april_n but_o their_o date_n prosper_v more_o without_o rain_n whereof_o the_o numidian_n have_v great_a plenty_n then_o of_o corn_n for_o albeit_o they_o have_v some_o store_n of_o corn_n yet_o can_v it_o scarce_o suffice_v they_o for_o half_a the_o year_n howbeit_o if_o they_o have_v good_a increase_n of_o date_n they_o can_v want_v abundance_n of_o corn_n which_o be_v sell_v unto_o they_o by_o the_o arabian_n for_o date_n if_o in_o the_o libyan_a desert_n there_o fall_v out_o change_v of_o weather_n about_o the_o midst_n of_o october_n &_o if_o it_o continue_v rain_v there_o all_o december_n januarie_n and_o some_o part_n of_o february_n it_o be_v wonderful_a what_o abundance_n of_o grass_n and_o milk_n it_o bring_v forth_o then_o may_v you_o find_v diverse_a lake_n in_o all_o place_n and_o many_o fen_n throughout_o libya_n wherefore_o this_o be_v the_o meet_a time_n for_o the_o barbarie-merchant_n to_o travel_v to_o the_o land_n of_o negro_n here_o all_o kind_n of_o fruit_n grow_v soon_o ripe_a if_o they_o have_v moderate_a shower_n about_o the_o end_n of_o july_n moreover_o the_o land_n of_o negro_n receive_v by_o rain_n neither_o any_o benefit_n nor_o yet_o any_o damage_n at_o all_o for_o the_o river_n niger_n together_o with_o the_o water_n which_o fall_v from_o certain_a mountain_n do_v so_o moisten_v their_o ground_n that_o no_o place_n can_v be_v devise_v to_o be_v more_o fruitful_a for_o that_o which_o nilus_n be_v to_o egypt_n the_o same_o be_v niger_n to_o the_o land_n of_o negors_n for_o it_o increase_v like_o nilus_n nilu_n from_o the_o fifteen_o of_o june_n the_o space_n of_o forty_o day_n after_o and_o for_o so_o many_o again_o it_o decrease_v and_o so_o at_o the_o increase_n of_o niger_n when_o all_o place_n be_v overflowen_v with_o water_n a_o man_n may_v in_o a_o bark_n pass_v over_o all_o the_o land_n of_o negro_n albeit_o not_o without_o great_a peril_n of_o drown_v as_o in_o the_o five_o part_n of_o this_o treatise_n we_o will_v declare_v more_o at_o large_a of_o the_o length_n and_o shortness_n of_o the_o african_n life_n all_o the_o people_n of_o barbary_n by_o we_o before_o mention_v live_v unto_o 65._o or_o 70._o year_n of_o age_n and_o few_o or_o none_o exceed_v that_o number_n howbeit_o in_o the_o foresay_a mountain_n i_o see_v some_o which_o have_v live_v a_o hundred_o year_n and_o other_o which_o affirm_v themselves_o to_o be_v old_a who_o age_n be_v most_o healthful_a and_o lusty_a yea_o some_o you_o shall_v find_v here_o of_o fourscore_o year_n of_o age_n who_o be_v sufficient_o strong_a and_o able_a to_o exercise_v husbandry_n to_o dress_v vine_n and_o to_o serve_v in_o the_o war_n insomuch_o that_o young_a man_n be_v oftentimes_o inferior_a unto_o they_o in_o numidia_n that_o be_v to_o say_v in_o the_o land_n of_o date_n they_o live_v a_o long_a time_n howbeit_o they_o lose_v their_o tooth_n very_o soon_o and_o their_o eye_n wax_v wonderful_o dim_a which_o infirmity_n be_v likely_a to_o be_v incident_a unto_o they_o first_o because_o they_o continual_o feed_v upon_o date_n the_o sweetness_n and_o natural_a quality_n whereof_o do_v by_o little_a and_o little_o pull_v out_o their_o tooth_n and_o second_o the_o dust_n and_o sand_n which_o be_v toss_v up_o and_o down_o the_o air_n with_o eastern_a wind_n enter_v into_o their_o eye_n do_v at_o last_o miserable_o weaken_v and_o spoil_v their_o eyesight_n the_o inhabitant_n of_o libya_n be_v of_o a_o short_a life_n but_o those_o which_o be_v most_o strong_a and_o healthful_a among_o they_o live_v oftentimes_o till_o they_o come_v to_o threescore_o year_n albeit_o they_o be_v slender_a and_o lean_a of_o body_n the_o negro_n common_o live_v the_o short_a time_n of_o all_o the_o rest_n howbeit_o they_o be_v always_o strong_a &_o lusty_a have_v their_o tooth_n sound_v even_o till_o their_o die_a day_n yet_o be_v there_o no_o nation_n under_o heaven_n more_o prone_a to_o venery_n unto_o which_o vice_n also_o the_o libyan_n and_o numidian_n be_v to_o too_o much_o addict_v to_o be_v short_a the_o barbarian_n be_v the_o weak_a people_n of_o they_o all_o what_o kind_n of_o disease_n the_o african_n be_v subject_a unto_o the_o child_n and_o sometime_o the_o ancient_a woman_n of_o this_o region_n be_v subject_a unto_o baldness_n or_o unnatural_a shed_n of_o hair_n which_o disease_n they_o can_v hardly_o be_v cure_v of_o they_o be_v likewise_o oftentimes_o trouble_v with_o the_o headache_a which_o usual_o afflict_v they_o without_o any_o ague_n join_v therewith_o many_o of_o they_o be_v torment_v with_o the_o toothache_n which_o as_o some_o think_v they_o be_v the_o more_o subject_a unto_o because_o immediate_o after_o hot_a pottage_n they_o drink_v cold_a water_n they_o be_v oftentimes_o vex_v with_o extreme_a pain_n of_o the_o stomach_n which_o ignorant_o they_o call_v the_o pain_n of_o the_o hart_n they_o be_v likewise_o daily_o molest_v with_o inward_a gripe_n and_o infirmity_n over_o their_o whole_a body_n which_o be_v think_v to_o proceed_v of_o continual_a drink_n of_o water_n yea_o they_o be_v 〈◊〉_d subject_n unto_o bone-aches_a and_o gout_n by_o reason_n that_o they_o sit_v common_o upon_o the_o bare_a ground_n and_o never_o wear_v any_o shoe_n upon_o their_o foot_n their_o chief_a gentleman_n and_o nobleman_n prove_v gouty_a oftentimes_o with_o immoderate_a drink_n of_o wine_n and_o eat_v of_o dainty_a meat_n some_o with_o eat_v of_o olive_n nut_n and_o such_o course_n fare_v be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n infect_v with_o the_o scuruy_v those_o which_o be_v of_o a_o sanguine_a complexion_n be_v great_o trouble_v with_o the_o cough_n because_o that_o in_o the_o spring-season_n they_o sit_v too_o much_o upon_o the_o ground_n and_o upon_o friday_n i_o have_v no_o small_a sport_n and_o recreation_n to_o go_v and_o see_v they_o for_o upon_o this_o day_n the_o people_n flock_n to_o church_n in_o great_a number_n to_o hear_v their_o 〈◊〉_d sermon_n now_o if_o any_o one_o in_o the_o sermon-tile_n fall_v a_o neeze_n all_o the_o whole_a multitude_n will_v sneeze_n with_o he_o for_o company_n and_o so_o they_o make_v such_o a_o noise_n that_o they_o never_o leave_v till_o the_o sermon_n be_v quite_o do_v so_o that_o a_o man_n shall_v reap_v but_o little_a knowledge_n by_o any_o of_o their_o sermon_n if_o any_o of_o barbary_n be_v infect_v with_o the_o disease_n common_o call_v the_o french_a pox_n they_o die_v thereof_o for_o the_o most_o part_n and_o be_v seldom_o cure_v this_o disease_n begin_v with_o a_o kind_n of_o anguish_n and_o swell_a and_o at_o disease_n length_n break_v out_o into_o sore_n over_o the_o mountain_n of_o atlas_n and_o throughout_o all_o numidia_n and_o libya_n they_o scarce_o know_v this_o disease_n insomuch_o that_o oftentimes_o the_o party_n infect_v travel_n forthwith_o into_o numidia_n or_o the_o land_n of_o negro_n in_o which_o place_n the_o air_n be_v so_o temperate_a that_o only_o by_o remain_v there_o they_o recover_v their_o perfect_a health_n and_o 〈◊〉_d home_n sound_n into_o their_o own_o country_n which_o i_o see_v many_o doe_n with_o my_o own_o eye_n who_o without_o the_o help_n of_o any_o physician_n or_o medicine_n except_o the_o foresay_a wholesome_a air_n be_v restore_v to_o their_o former_a health_n not_o so_o much_o as_o the_o name_n of_o this_o malady_n be_v ever_o know_v unto_o the_o african_n before_o 〈◊〉_d the_o king_n of_o castille_n expel_v all_o jew_n out_o of_o spain_n after_o the_o return_n of_o which_o jew_n africa_n into_o africa_n certain_a unhappy_a and_o lewd_a people_n lie_v with_o their_o wife_n and_o so_o at_o length_n the_o disease_n spread_v from_o one_o to_o another_o over_o the_o whole_a region_n insomuch_o that_o scarce_o any_o one_o family_n be_v free_a from_o the_o same_o howbeit_o this_o they_o be_v most_o certain_o persuade_v of_o that_o the_o same_o disease_n come_v first_o from_o spain_n wherefore_o they_o for_o want_n of_o a_o better_a name_n do_v call_v it_o the_o spanish_a pox_n notwithstanding_o at_o tunis_n and_o over_o all_o italy_n it_o be_v call_v the_o french_a disease_n it_o be_v so_o call_v likewise_o in_o
numidian_a desert_n two_o hundred_o and_o fifty_o mile_n eastward_o of_o segelmesse_n and_o a_o hundred_o mile_n from_o mount_n atlas_n have_v four_o castle_n within_o the_o precinct_n thereof_o and_o many_o village_n also_o which_o stand_v upon_o the_o confine_n of_o lybia_n near_o unto_o the_o high_a way_n that_o lead_v from_o fez_n and_o telensin_n to_o the_o kingdom_n of_o agadez_n and_o to_o the_o land_n of_o negro_n the_o inhabitant_n be_v not_o very_o rich_a for_o all_o their_o wealth_n consist_v in_o date_n and_o some_o small_a quantity_n of_o corn_n the_o man_n of_o this_o place_n be_v black_a but_o the_o woman_n be_v somewhat_o fair_a and_o yet_o they_o be_v of_o a_o swart_a and_o brown_a hue_n of_o the_o region_n of_o tegorarin_n this_o great_a and_o large_a region_n of_o the_o numidian_a desert_n stand_v about_o a_o hundred_o and_o twenty_o mile_n eastward_o of_o tesebit_n contain_v fifty_o castle_n and_o above_o a_o hundred_o village_n and_o yield_v great_a plenty_n of_o date_n the_o inhabitant_n be_v rich_a and_o have_v ordinary_a traffic_n to_o the_o land_n of_o negro_n their_o field_n be_v very_o apt_a for_o corn_n and_o yet_o by_o reason_n of_o their_o extreme_a drought_n they_o stand_v in_o need_n of_o continual_a water_v and_o dung_v they_o allow_v unto_o stranger_n house_n to_o dwell_v in_o require_v no_o money_n for_o rend_v but_o only_o their_o dung_n which_o they_o keep_v most_o chary_o yea_o they_o take_v it_o in_o ill_a part_n if_o any_o stranger_n ease_v himself_o without_o the_o door_n flesh_n be_v very_o scarce_o among_o they_o for_o their_o soil_n be_v so_o dry_a that_o it_o will_v scarce_o nourish_v any_o cattle_n at_o all_o they_o keep_v a_o few_o goat_n indeed_o for_o their_o milk_v sake_n but_o the_o flesh_n that_o they_o eat_v be_v of_o camel_n which_o the_o arabian_n bring_v unto_o their_o market_n to_o sell_v they_o mingle_v their_o meat_n with_o salt_n tallow_n which_o be_v bring_v into_o this_o region_n from_o fez_n &_o tremizen_n there_o be_v in_o time_n past_o many_o rich_a jew_n in_o this_o region_n who_o by_o the_o mean_n of_o a_o certain_a mahometan_a preacher_n be_v at_o length_n expel_v and_o a_o great_a part_n of_o they_o slay_v by_o the_o seditious_a people_n and_o that_o in_o the_o very_a same_o year_n when_o the_o jew_n be_v expel_v out_o of_o spain_n and_o sicily_n the_o inhabitant_n of_o this_o region_n have_v one_o only_a governor_n of_o their_o own_o nation_n be_v notwithstanding_o often_o subject_a to_o civil_a contention_n and_o yet_o they_o do_v not_o molest_v other_o nation_n howbeit_o they_o pay_v certain_a tribute_n unto_o the_o next_o arabian_n of_o the_o region_n of_o meszab_n this_o region_n be_v situate_a upon_o the_o numidian_a desert_n 300._o mile_n eastward_o from_o tegorarin_n and_o 300._o mile_n also_o from_o the_o mediterran_n sea_n contain_v six_o castle_n and_o many_o village_n the_o inhabitant_n be_v rich_a and_o use_v traffic_n to_o the_o land_n of_o negro_n likewise_o the_o negro-merchant_n together_o with_o they_o of_o bugia_n and_o ghir_n make_v resort_n unto_o this_o region_n subject_a they_o be_v and_o pay_v tribute_n unto_o the_o arabian_n of_o the_o town_n of_o techort_a the_o ancient_a town_n of_o techort_a be_v build_v by_o the_o numidian_n upon_o a_o certain_a hill_n by_o the_o foot_n whereof_o run_v a_o river_n upon_o which_o river_n stand_v a_o drawbridge_n the_o wall_n of_o this_o town_n be_v make_v of_o free_a stone_n and_o lime_n but_o that_o part_n which_o be_v next_o unto_o the_o mountain_n 〈◊〉_d instead_o of_o a_o wall_n a_o impregnable_a rock_n opposite_a against_o it_o this_o town_n be_v distant_a 〈◊〉_d hundred_o mile_n southward_a from_o the_o mediterran_n sea_n and_o 〈◊〉_d 300._o mile_n from_o 〈◊〉_d family_n it_o contain_v to_o the_o number_n of_o five_o and_o twenty_o hundred_o all_o the_o house_n be_v build_v of_o sunne-dried_n brick_n except_o their_o temple_n which_o be_v somewhat_o more_o stately_a here_o dwell_v great_a store_n both_o of_o gentleman_n and_o artificer_n and_o because_o they_o have_v great_a abundance_n of_o date_n and_o be_v destitute_a of_o corn_n the_o merchant_n of_o constantina_n exchange_n corn_n with_o they_o for_o their_o date_n all_o stranger_n they_o favour_v exceed_o and_o friendly_o dismiss_v they_o without_o pay_v of_o aught_o they_o have_v rather_o match_v their_o daughter_n unto_o stranger_n then_o to_o their_o own_o citizen_n and_o for_o a_o dowry_n they_o give_v some_o certain_a portion_n of_o land_n as_o it_o be_v accustom_v in_o some_o place_n of_o europe_n so_o great_a and_o surpass_a be_v their_o liberality_n that_o they_o will_v heap_v many_o gift_n upon_o stranger_n albeit_o they_o be_v sure_o never_o to_o see_v they_o again_o at_o the_o first_o they_o be_v subject_a to_o the_o king_n of_o maroco_n afterward_o to_o the_o king_n of_o telensin_n and_o now_o to_o the_o king_n of_o tunis_n unto_o who_o they_o pay_v fifty_o thousand_o ducat_n for_o yearly_a tribute_n upon_o condition_n that_o the_o king_n himself_o come_v personal_o to_o receive_v it_o the_o king_n of_o tunis_n that_o now_o be_v demand_v a_o second_o tribute_n of_o they_o many_o castle_n and_o village_n and_o some_o territory_n there_o be_v also_o which_o be_v all_o subject_n unto_o the_o prince_n of_o this_o town_n who_o collect_v a_o hundred_o and_o thirty_o thousand_o ducat_n of_o yearly_a revenue_n and_o have_v always_o a_o mighty_a garrison_n of_o soldier_n attend_v upon_o he_o unto_o who_o he_o allow_v very_o large_a pay_n the_o governor_n at_o this_o present_a call_v habdulla_n be_v a_o valiant_a and_o liberal_a young_a prince_n and_o most_o courteous_a unto_o stranger_n whereof_o i_o myself_o converse_v with_o he_o for_o certain_a day_n have_v good_a experience_n of_o the_o city_n of_o guargala_n this_o ancient_a city_n found_v by_o the_o numidian_n and_o environ_v with_o strong_a wall_n upon_o the_o numidian_a desert_n be_v build_v very_o sumptuous_o and_o abound_v exceed_o with_o date_n it_o have_v some_o castle_n and_o a_o great_a number_n of_o village_n belong_v thereunto_o the_o inhabitant_n be_v rich_a because_o they_o be_v near_o unto_o the_o kingdom_n of_o agadez_n here_o be_v diverse_a merchant_n of_o tunis_n and_o constantina_n which_o transport_v ware_n of_o barbary_n unto_o the_o land_n of_o negro_n and_o because_o flesh_n and_o corn_n be_v very_o scarce_o among_o they_o they_o live_v upon_o the_o flesh_n of_o ostrich_n and_o camel_n they_o be_v all_o of_o a_o black_a colour_n and_o have_v black_a slave_n and_o be_v people_n of_o a_o courteous_a and_o liberal_a disposition_n and_o most_o friendly_a and_o bountiful_a unto_o stranger_n a_o governor_n they_o have_v who_o they_o reverence_v as_o if_o he_o be_v a_o king_n which_o governor_n have_v about_o two_o thousand_o horseman_n always_o attend_v upon_o he_o and_o collect_v almost_o fifteen_o thousand_o ducat_n for_o yearly_a revenue_n of_o the_o province_n of_o zeb_n zeb_n a_o province_n situate_v also_o upon_o the_o numidian_a desert_n begin_v westward_o from_o mesila_n northward_o from_o the_o mountain_n of_o bugia_n eastward_o from_o the_o region_n of_o date_n over_o against_o tunis_n and_o southward_o it_o border_v upon_o a_o certain_a desert_n over_o which_o they_o travail_n from_o guargala_n to_o techort_a this_o region_n be_v extreme_o hot_a sandy_a and_o destitute_a both_o of_o water_n and_o corn_n which_o want_n be_v partly_o supply_v by_o their_o abundance_n of_o date_n it_o contain_v to_o the_o number_n of_o five_o town_n and_o many_o village_n all_o which_o we_o purpose_v in_o order_n to_o describe_v of_o the_o town_n of_o pescara_n this_o ancient_a town_n build_v by_o the_o roman_n while_o they_o be_v lord_n of_o mauritania_n and_o afterward_o destroy_v by_o the_o mahometan_n at_o their_o first_o entrance_n into_o africa_n be_v now_o re-edify_v store_v with_o new_a inhabitant_n and_o environ_v with_o fair_a and_o stately_a wall_n and_o albeit_o the_o townsman_n be_v not_o rich_a yet_o be_v they_o lover_n of_o civility_n their_o soil_n yield_v nought_o but_o date_n they_o have_v be_v govern_v by_o diverse_a prince_n for_o they_o be_v a_o while_n subject_n unto_o the_o king_n of_o tunis_n and_o that_o to_o the_o death_n of_o king_n hutman_n after_o who_o succeed_v a_o mahometan_a priest_n neither_o can_v the_o king_n of_o tunis_n ever_o since_o that_o time_n recover_v the_o dominion_n of_o pescara_n here_o be_v great_a abundance_n of_o scorpion_n scorpion_n and_o it_o be_v present_a death_n to_o be_v sting_v by_o they_o wherefore_o all_o the_o townsman_n in_o a_o manner_n depart_v into_o the_o country_n in_o summer_n time_n where_o they_o remain_v till_o the_o month_n of_o november_n of_o the_o city_n of_o borgi_n another_o town_n there_o be_v also_o call_v borgi_n which_o stand_v about_o fowerteene_o mile_n eastward_o of_o pescara_n here_o be_v a_o great_a many_o of_o
on_o the_o north_n tombuto_n on_o the_o east_n and_o the_o kingdom_n of_o melli_fw-la on_o the_o south_n in_o length_n it_o contain_v almost_o five_o hundred_o mile_n and_o extend_v two_o hundred_o ghinea_n and_o fifty_o mile_n along_o the_o river_n of_o niger_n and_o border_v upon_o the_o ocean_n sea_n in_o the_o same_o place_n where_o niger_n fall_v into_o the_o say_a sea_n this_o place_n exceed_o abound_v with_o barley_n rice_n cattle_n fish_n and_o cotton_n and_o their_o cotton_n they_o sell_v unto_o the_o merchant_n of_o barbary_n for_o cloth_n of_o europe_n for_o brazen_a vessel_n for_o armour_n and_o other_o such_o commodity_n their_o coin_n be_v of_o gold_n without_o any_o stamp_n or_o inscription_n at_o all_o they_o have_v certain_a iron-money_n also_o which_o they_o use_v about_o matter_n of_o small_a value_n some_o piece_n whereof_o weigh_v a_o pound_n some_o half_n a_o pound_n and_o some_o one_o quarter_n of_o a_o pound_n in_o all_o this_o kingdome-there_a be_v no_o fruit_n to_o be_v find_v but_o only_a date_n which_o be_v bring_v hither_o either_o out_o of_o gualata_n or_o numidia_n here_o be_v neither_o town_n nor_o castle_n but_o a_o certain_a great_a village_n only_o wherein_o the_o prince_n of_o ghinea_n together_o with_o his_o priest_n doctor_n merchant_n and_o all_o the_o principal_a man_n of_o the_o region_n inhabit_v the_o wall_n of_o their_o house_n be_v build_v of_o chalk_n and_o the_o roof_n be_v cover_v with_o straw_n the_o inhabitant_n be_v clad_v in_o black_a or_o blue_a cotton_n wherewith_o they_o cover_v their_o head_n also_o but_o the_o priest_n and_o doctor_n of_o their_o law_n go_v apparel_v in_o white_a cotton_n this_o region_n during_o the_o three_o month_n of_o julie_n august_n and_o september_n be_v yearly_o environ_v with_o the_o overflowing_n of_o niger_n in_o manner_n of_o a_o island_n all_o which_o time_n the_o merchant_n of_o tombuto_n convey_v their_o merchandise_n hither_o in_o certain_a canoas_n or_o narrow_a boat_n make_v of_o one_o tree_n which_o they_o row_v all_o the_o day_n long_o but_o at_o night_n they_o bind_v they_o to_o the_o shore_n and_o lodge_v themselves_o upon_o the_o land_n this_o kingdom_n be_v subject_a in_o time_n pass_v unto_o a_o certain_a people_n of_o libya_n and_o become_v afterward_o tributary_n unto_o king_n soni_n heli_n after_o izchia_n who_o succeed_v soni_n heli_n izchia_n who_o keep_v the_o prince_n of_o this_o region_n prisoner_n at_o gago_n where_o together_o with_o a_o certain_a nobleman_n he_o miserable_o die_v of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o melli._n this_o region_n extend_v itself_o almost_o three_o hundred_o mile_n along_o the_o side_n of_o a_o river_n which_o fall_v into_o niger_n border_v northward_o upon_o the_o region_n last_o describe_v southward_o upon_o certain_a desert_n and_o dry_a mountain_n westward_o upon_o huge_a wood_n and_o forest_n stretch_v to_o the_o ocean_n sea_n shore_n and_o eastward_o upon_o the_o territory_n of_o gago_n in_o this_o kingdom_n there_o be_v a_o large_a and_o ample_a village_n contain_v to_o the_o number_n of_o six_o thousand_o or_o mo_z family_n and_o call_v melli_fw-la whereof_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n be_v so_o name_v and_o here_o the_o king_n have_v his_o place_n of_o residence_n the_o region_n itself_o yield_v great_a abundance_n of_o corn_n flesh_n and_o cotton_n here_o be_v many_o artificer_n and_o merchant_n in_o all_o place_n and_o yet_o the_o king_n honourable_o entertain_v all_o stranger_n the_o inhabitant_n be_v rich_a and_o have_v plenty_n of_o ware_n here_o be_v great_a store_n of_o temple_n priest_n and_o professor_n which_o professor_n read_v their_o lecture_n only_o in_o the_o temple_n because_o they_o have_v no_o college_n at_o all_o the_o people_n of_o this_o region_n excel_v all_o other_o negro_n in_o wit_n civility_n and_o industry_n and_o be_v the_o first_o that_o embrace_v the_o law_n of_o mahumet_n at_o the_o same_o time_n when_o the_o uncle_n of_o joseph_n the_o king_n of_o maroco_n be_v their_o prince_n and_o the_o government_n izchia_n remain_v for_o a_o while_n unto_o his_o posterity_n at_o length_n izchia_n subdue_v the_o prince_n of_o this_o region_n and_o make_v he_o his_o tributary_n and_o so_o oppress_v he_o with_o grievous_a exaction_n that_o he_o be_v scarce_o able_a to_o maintain_v his_o family_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o tombuto_n this_o name_n be_v in_o our_o time_n as_o some_o think_v impose_v upon_o this_o kingdom_n gold_n from_o the_o name_n of_o a_o certain_a town_n so_o call_v which_o they_o say_v king_n mensae_n suleiman_n found_v in_o the_o year_n of_o the_o hegeira_n 610._o and_o it_o be_v situate_a within_o twelve_o mile_n of_o a_o certain_a branch_n of_o niger_n all_o the_o house_n whereof_o be_v now_o change_v into_o cottage_n build_v of_o chalk_n and_o cover_v with_o thatch_n howbeit_o there_o be_v a_o most_o stately_a temple_n to_o be_v see_v the_o wall_n whereof_o be_v make_v of_o stone_n and_o lime_n and_o a_o princely_a palace_n also_o build_v by_o a_o most_o excellent_a workman_n of_o granada_n here_o be_v many_o shop_n of_o artificer_n and_o merchant_n and_o especial_o of_o such_o as_o weave_v linen_n and_o cotton_n cloth_n and_o hither_o do_v the_o barbarie-merchant_n bring_v cloth_n of_o europe_n all_o the_o woman_n of_o this_o region_n except_o maidservant_n go_v with_o their_o face_n cover_v and_o sell_v all_o necessary_a victual_n the_o inhabitant_n &_o especial_o stranger_n there_o reside_v be_v exceed_o merchant_n rich_a insomuch_o that_o the_o king_n that_o 1526._o now_o be_v marry_v both_o his_o daughter_n unto_o two_o rich_a merchant_n here_o be_v many_o well_n contain_v most_o sweet_a water_n and_o so_o often_o as_o the_o river_n niger_n overflow_v they_o convey_v the_o water_n thereof_o by_o certain_a sluice_n into_o the_o town_n corn_n cattle_n milk_n and_o butter_n gain_n this_o region_n yield_v in_o great_a abundance_n but_o salt_n be_v very_o scarce_o here_o for_o it_o be_v bring_v hither_o by_o land_n from_o tegaza_n which_o be_v five_o hundred_o mile_n distant_a when_o i_o myself_o be_v here_o i_o see_v one_o camel_n load_n of_o salt_n sell_v for_o 80._o ducat_n the_o rich_a king_n of_o tombuto_n have_v many_o plate_n and_o sceptre_n of_o gold_n some_z whereof_o weigh_v 1300._o pound_n and_o he_o keep_v a_o magnificent_a and_o well_o furnish_v court_n when_o he_o travel_v any_o whither_o he_o ride_v upon_o a_o camel_n which_o be_v lead_v by_o some_o of_o his_o nobleman_n and_o so_o he_o do_v likewise_o when_o he_o tombuto_n go_v to_o warfar_o and_o all_o his_o soldier_n ride_v upon_o horse_n whosoever_o will_v speak_v unto_o this_o king_n must_v first_o fall_v down_o before_o his_o foot_n &_o then_o take_v up_o earth_n must_v sprinkle_v it_o upon_o his_o own_o head_n &_o shoulder_n which_o custom_n be_v ordinary_o observe_v by_o they_o that_o never_o salute_v the_o king_n before_o or_o come_v as_o ambassador_n from_o other_o prince_n he_o have_v always_o three_o thousand_o horseman_n arrow_n and_o a_o great_a number_n of_o footman_n that_o shoot_v poison_a arrow_n attend_v upon_o he_o they_o have_v often_o skirmish_n with_o those_o that_o refuse_v to_o pay_v tribute_n and_o so_o many_o as_o they_o take_v they_o sell_v unto_o the_o merchant_n of_o tombuto_n here_o be_v very_o few_o horse_n breed_v and_o the_o merchant_n and_o courtier_n keep_v certain_a little_a nag_n which_o they_o use_v to_o travel_v upon_o but_o their_o best_a horse_n be_v bring_v out_o of_o barbary_n and_o the_o king_n so_o soon_o as_o he_o hear_v that_o any_o merchant_n be_v come_v to_o town_n with_o horse_n he_o command_v a_o certain_a number_n to_o be_v bring_v before_o he_o and_o choose_v the_o best_a horse_n for_o himself_o he_o pay_v a_o most_o liberal_a price_n for_o he_o he_o so_o deadly_a hate_v all_o jew_n that_o he_o will_v not_o admit_v any_o into_o his_o city_n and_o whatsoever_o barbary_n merchant_n he_o understandeth_v to_o have_v any_o deal_n with_o the_o jew_n he_o present_o cause_v their_o good_n to_o be_v confiscate_v here_o be_v great_a store_n of_o doctor_n judge_n priest_n and_o other_o learned_a man_n that_o be_v bountiful_o maintain_v at_o the_o king_n cost_n and_o charge_n and_o hither_o be_v bring_v diverse_a manuscript_n or_o write_v book_n out_o of_o barbary_n which_o be_v sell_v for_o more_o money_n than_o any_o other_o merchandise_n the_o coin_n of_o tombuto_n be_v of_o gold_n without_o any_o stamp_n or_o superscription_n but_o in_o congo_n matter_n of_o small_a value_n they_o use_v certain_a shell_n bring_v hither_o out_o of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o persia_n four_o hundred_o of_o which_o shell_n be_v worth_a a_o ducat_n and_o six_o piece_n of_o their_o golden_a coin_n with_o two_o three_o part_n weigh_v a_o ounce_n the_o inhabitant_n be_v people_n of_o a_o gentle_a and_o cheerful_a disposition_n and_o spend_v a_o great_a part_n of_o the_o night_n
flaccus_n africa_n scarce_o breathe_v from_o bloody_a war_n a_o horrible_a and_o extraordinary_a destruction_n ensue_v for_o whereas_o now_o throughout_o all_o africa_n infinite_a multitude_n of_o locust_n be_v gather_v together_o &_o have_v not_o only_o quite_o devour_v the_o corn_n on_o the_o ground_n and_o consume_v the_o herb_n with_o part_n of_o their_o root_n and_o the_o leaf_n and_o tender_a bough_n of_o the_o tree_n but_o have_v gnaw_v also_o the_o bitter_a bark_n and_o dry_a wood_n be_v with_o a_o violent_a and_o sudden_a wind_n hoist_a aloft_o in_o mighty_a swarm_n and_o carry_v a_o long_a time_n in_o the_o air_n they_o be_v at_o length_n drown_v in_o the_o african_a sea_n who_o loathsome_a and_o putrify_a carcase_n be_v by_o the_o wave_n of_o the_o sea_n cast_v up_o in_o huge_a heap_n far_o and_o wide_o along_o the_o shore_n breed_v a_o incredible_a stink_a &_o infectious_a smell_n whereupon_o follow_v so_o general_a a_o pestilence_n of_o all_o live_a creature_n that_o the_o corrupt_a dead_a body_n of_o fowl_n cattle_n and_o wild_a beast_n dissolve_v by_o the_o contagion_n of_o the_o air_n augment_v the_o fury_n of_o the_o plague_n but_o how_o great_a and_o extraordinary_a a_o death_n of_o man_n there_o be_v i_o can_v but_o tremble_v to_o report_v for_o in_o numidia_n where_o micipsa_n be_v then_o king_n die_v fourscore_o thousand_o person_n and_o upon_o the_o sea-coast_n next_o adjoiningto_n carthage_n and_o utica_n above_o two_o hundred_o thousand_o be_v say_v to_o have_v perish_v yea_o in_o the_o city_n of_o utica_n itself_o be_v by_o this_o mean_v sweep_v from_o the_o face_n of_o the_o earth_n thirty_o thousand_o brave_a soldier_n which_o be_v appoint_v to_o be_v the_o garrison_n for_o all_o africa_n and_o the_o destruction_n be_v so_o sudden_a and_o violent_a as_o they_o report_v that_o out_o of_o one_o gate_n of_o utica_n in_o one_o and_o the_o same_o day_n be_v carry_v above_o fifteen_o hundred_o dead_a corpse_n of_o those_o lusty_a young_a gallant_n so_o that_o by_o the_o grace_n and_o favour_n of_o almighty_a god_n through_o who_o mercy_n and_o in_o confidence_n of_o who_o i_o do_v speak_v these_o thing_n i_o may_v bold_o affirm_v that_o albeit_o sometime_o in_o our_o day_n the_o locust_n in_o diverse_a part_n and_o usual_o do_v some_o damage_n which_o be_v tolerable_a yet_o never_o befall_v there_o in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o christian_n so_o insupportable_a a_o mischief_n as_o that_o this_o scourge_n of_o locust_n which_o be_v alive_a be_v by_o no_o mean_n 〈◊〉_d shall_v after_o their_o death_n prove_v far_o more_o pernicious_a and_o which_o also_o live_v the_o fruit_n of_o the_o earth_n will_v have_v be_v quite_o devour_v it_o have_v be_v much_o better_o they_o have_v never_o die_v to_o the_o plague_n and_o destruction_n of_o all_o earthly_a creature_n hitherto_o paulus_n orosius_n the_o second_o testimony_n take_v out_o of_o the_o 32._o and_o 33._o chapter_n of_o the_o ethiopian_a history_n of_o francis_n aluarez_n which_o for_o the_o satisfaction_n of_o every_o reader_n i_o have_v put_v down_o with_o all_o particularity_n and_o circumstance_n of_o the_o great_a multitude_n of_o locust_n and_o the_o infinite_a damage_n that_o they_o procure_v in_o the_o dominion_n of_o prete_n janni_n chap._n 32._o in_o this_o quarter_n and_o throughout_o all_o the_o dominion_n of_o prete_n janni_n there_o be_v a_o horrible_a and_o great_a plague_n to_o wit_v a_o innumerable_a company_n of_o locust_n which_o eat_v and_o consume_v the_o corn_n and_o tree_n of_o fruit_n and_o so_o great_a be_v the_o number_n of_o these_o creature_n as_o it_o be_v not_o credible_a for_o with_o the_o multitude_n of_o they_o the_o earth_n be_v cover_v and_o the_o air_n so_o overspr_v as_o one_o may_v hardly_o discern_v the_o sun_n and_o further_o i_o affirm_v that_o it_o be_v a_o thing_n most_o strange_a to_o he_o who_o 〈◊〉_d not_o see_v it_o and_o if_o the_o damage_n they_o perform_v be_v general_a through_o all_o the_o province_n and_o kingdom_n of_o prete_n janni_n his_o people_n will_v die_v with_o famine_n neither_o can_v man_n possible_o there_o inhabit_v but_o one_o year_n they_o destroy_v one_o province_n and_o the_o next_o year_n another_o 〈◊〉_d as_o if_o for_o example_n they_o waste_v the_o kingdom_n of_o portugal_n or_o castille_n this_o 〈◊〉_d a_o other_o year_n they_o be_v in_o the_o quarter_n of_o lenteio_n a_o other_o in_o estremadura_n a_o other_o in_o beira_n or_o between_o the_o river_n dorus_n and_o minius_n a_o other_o on_o the_o mountain_n a_o other_o in_o old_a castilia_n arragon_n or_o andaluzia_n and_o otherwhiles_o in_o two_o or_o three_o of_o these_o province_n at_o once_o and_o wheresoever_o they_o come_v the_o earth_n be_v more_o waste_v and_o destroy_v by_o they_o then_o if_o it_o have_v be_v all_o over_o consume_v with_o a_o fire_n these_o locust_n be_v as_o big_a as_o the_o great_a grasshopper_n have_v yellow_a wing_n their_o come_n into_o the_o country_n be_v know_v a_o day_n before_o not_o for_o that_o we_o can_v see_v they_o but_o we_o know_v it_o by_o the_o sun_n who_o be_v yellow_a of_o colour_n this_o be_v a_o sign_n that_o they_o draw_v near_o to_o the_o country_n as_o also_o the_o earth_n look_v yellow_a by_o reason_n of_o the_o light_n which_o reflect_v from_o their_o wing_n whereupon_o the_o people_n in_o a_o manner_n become_v present_o half_a dead_a say_v we_o be_v undo_v for_o the_o ambati_n that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o locust_n be_v come_v and_o i_o can_v not_o forbear_v to_o set_v down_o that_o which_o i_o see_v three_o sundry_a time_n and_o first_o in_o barua_n where_o we_o have_v now_o be_v for_o the_o space_n of_o three_o year_n and_o here_o we_o often_o hear_v it_o say_v that_o such_o a_o country_n and_o such_o a_o realm_n be_v destroy_v by_o the_o locust_n and_o be_v in_o this_o province_n we_o see_v the_o sun_n and_o the_o upper_a part_n of_o the_o earth_n look_v all_o yellow_a the_o people_n be_v in_o a_o manner_n half_n dead_a for_o sorrow_n but_o the_o day_n follow_v it_o be_v a_o incredible_a thing_n to_o see_v the_o number_n of_o these_o creature_n that_o come_v which_o to_o our_o judgement_n cover_v four_o and_o twenty_o mile_n of_o land_n as_o afterward_o we_o be_v inform_v when_o this_o scourge_n and_o plague_n be_v come_v the_o priest_n of_o that_o place_n come_v and_o seek_v i_o out_o request_v i_o to_o give_v they_o some_o remedy_n for_o the_o drive_v of_o they_o away_o and_o i_o answer_v that_o i_o can_v tell_v they_o nothing_o but_o only_o that_o they_o shall_v devout_o pray_v unto_o god_n that_o he_o will_v drive_v they_o out_o of_o the_o country_n and_o so_o i_o go_v to_o the_o ambassador_n and_o tell_v he_o that_o it_o will_v be_v very_o good_a to_o go_v on_o procession_n beseech_v god_n that_o he_o will_v deliver_v the_o country_n who_o peradventure_o in_o his_o great_a mercy_n may_v hear_v us._n this_o like_v the_o ambassador_n very_o well_o and_o the_o day_n follow_v we_o gather_v together_o the_o people_n of_o the_o land_n with_o all_o the_o priest_n and_o take_v the_o consecrate_a stone_n and_o the_o cross_n according_a to_o their_o custom_n all_o we_o portugal_n sing_v the_o litany_n and_o appoint_v those_o of_o the_o land_n that_o they_o shall_v lift_v up_o their_o voice_n aloud_o as_o we_o do_v say_v in_o their_o language_n zio_n marina_fw-la christos_n which_o be_v as_o much_o to_o say_v as_o lord_n god_n have_v mercy_n upon_o we_o and_o with_o this_o manner_n of_o invocation_n we_o go_v over_o a_o piece_n of_o ground_n where_o there_o be_v field_n of_o wheat_n for_o the_o space_n of_o a_o mile_n even_o to_o a_o little_a hill_n and_o here_o i_o 〈◊〉_d cause_v many_o of_o these_o locust_n to_o be_v take_v pronounce_v over_o they_o a_o certain_a conjuration_n which_o i_o have_v about_o i_o in_o writing_n have_v make_v it_o that_o night_n request_v admonish_a and_o excommunicate_v they_o enjoin_v they_o within_o the_o space_n of_o three_o hour_n to_o depart_v towards_o the_o 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god_n that_o as_o soon_o as_o we_o have_v dine_v we_o see_v all_o the_o earth_n so_o clear_v that_o there_o be_v not_o so_o much_o as_o one_o locust_n to_o be_v see_v the_o people_n see_v this_o and_o not_o be_v satisfy_v with_o the_o favour_n and_o grace_v receive_v they_o request_v we_o to_o go_v and_o bless_v their_o possession_n for_o they_o be_v yet_o afraid_a lest_o the_o locust_n will_v return_v and_o so_o we_o depart_v of_o the_o damage_n we_o see_v do_v in_o another_o province_n by_o the_o locust_n in_o two_o sundry_a place_n chap._n 33._o a_o other_o time_n also_o we_o see_v the_o locust_n be_v in_o a_o town_n call_v abuguna_n prete_n janni_n send_v we_o to_o this_o town_n which_o be_v in_o the_o kingdom_n of_o angote_n and_o distant_a from_o barua_n where_o we_o continue_v thirty_o day_n journey_n to_o the_o end_n that_o there_o we_o may_v be_v furnish_v with_o victual_n be_v come_v 〈◊〉_d i_o go_v with_o the_o ambassador_n zagazabo_n who_o come_v into_o portugal_n and_o 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out_o of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o 〈◊〉_d which_o belong_v to_o the_o moor_n who_o be_v continual_o in_o war_n as_o also_o we_o can_v by_o no_o mean_n know_v the_o end_n of_o their_o journey_n or_o course_n thus_o much_o out_o of_o francis_n 〈◊〉_d of_o the_o mineral_n and_o first_o of_o miner_n all_o salt_n the_o great_a part_n of_o africa_n have_v none_o other_o salt_n but_o such_o as_o be_v dig_v out_o of_o quarry_n &_o mine_n after_o the_o manner_n of_o marble_n or_o free_a stone_n be_v of_o a_o white_a red_z and_o grey_a colour_n barbary_n abound_v with_o salt_n and_o numidia_n be_v indifferent_o furnish_v