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land_n	city_n	great_a	lord_n	2,295	5	3.5103	3	true

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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A91415	The Jewes synagogue: or, A treatise concerning the ancient orders and manner of worship used by the Jewes in their synagogue-assemblies. Gathered out of the sacred scriptures, the Jewish Rabines, and such modern authors, which have been most conversant in the study of Jewish customes. Wherein, by comparing the scriptures in the Old and New Testament together, many truths are fully opened, and sundry controversies about church-government truly and plainly stated. By William Pinchion of Springfeild [sic] in N. England.	Pynchon, William, 1590-1662.	1652 (1652)	Wing P4309; Thomason E802_4; ESTC R207368	80,705	99

namely as long as they were incorrigible and impenitent as these places do testifie Iohn 9. 22. 34. and 12. 42. and 16. 2. And godly reason and wisdom did necessitate the dispersed Jews to use this Independent power of Discipline when they were first dispersed into heathen Countries for many godly Jews were forced to fly for safety into many heathen Countries even in the daies of Jeremiah for he preached 40. yeers together that the land should be made desolate by the Tyrannie of Nebuchadnezar thereupon many godly Jews took the warning and fled away as they could get opportunity before the captivity for their better liberty and safety the believing Jews sold their lands and means though with some reluctation and others bought with great content But Ezekiel said Let not the seller mourn nor the buyer rejoyce Ezek. 7. 12. Our case for New-England was much like theirs And wheresoever these godly Jews came they had liberty to build synagogues for the exercise of Religion as these Scriptures compared together do testifie Ezek. 7. 16. and 6. 8 9. and 11. 16. and 12. 16. Isa 24. 13 14 15 16. Est 3. 10. And it seems the blessing of God was much upon the posterity of these dispersed Jews For Iames and Peter and Iohn wrote several Epistles to them with sundry heathen Proselytes that were conjoyned in the profession of the same Faith and Paul doth testifie that there were many Myriads that is ten thousands dispersed Iews that did believe in Christ Acts 21. 10. And I make no question but as these dispersed Iews found favour with their heathen governours to build synagogues in every heathen Countrey where they came so also they found the like favour to set up such a form of Discipline in each synagogue as might tend to the preservation of their Religion by censuring scandalous and impenitent Persons according to their demerits provided they did not take away life or limb I say it is evident they had this power of Government with the consent of their heathen Governours For Gallio the Deputy of Achaia doth testifie that the Iews of that Countrey had a certain power of Government among themselves for Gallio doth thus answer the Iews that accused Paul of false Doctrine If it were a matter of wrong or an evil deed O ye Iews I would according to reason maintain you But seing it is about a question of words and names of your Law look ye to it your selves Acts 18. For you have a power of Government among your selves in such like cases as this is whereof you do accuse Paul therefore I will be no judge of these things and so he drave them from the Iudgment seat And other Heathen Governours did acknowledge also that the Iews had a certain power of government among themselves in all matters that concerned the preservation of their Religion as it is evident by Acts 23. 29. and 25. 19. Yea Haman by way of accusation did affirm to Ahasuerus That there was a people scattered abroad among his people in 127. Provinces that had Laws divers from all his People Esth 3. 8. Now it may be demanded what Lawes had they divers from all other people Did not they live according to the Laws of the Empire Yea doubtless but they had an order of Discipline which the Elders of each Synagogue did exercise upon such as did not live according to Gods Laws and in this respect the Iews had Laws differing from all other Nations Reason doth tell all reasonable men that in what Countrey soever heathen Governours did allow the Jews so much liberty as to build synagogues for the worship of their God they would doubtles allow them so much power of Discipline also as did necessarily appertain to the preservation of that worship and the Scripture doth tell us that as long as they might lawfully make Judges of their own it was not lawful for them to plead before Infidels I mean in such cases wherein they had power of government vid. Ainsw in Exod. 21. By these considerations it is evident that the Jews had an Independent power of Discipline in each synagogue as long as they lived in heathen Countries Now in the second place I think it necessary also to speak a little more fully of their synagogue Discipline as it was Dependent upon the Elders of the general Church while they lived in Their synagogue Discipline was Dependent as long as they lived in Canaan Canaan I mean before their dispersion into heathen Countries But before my meaning can be well discerned I must first explain the nature and constitution of their Sanhedrin government Their Sanhedrin government was twice ordained 1. By the advise of Iethro and 2. By the immediate direction of the Angel of Gods presence First I say that Iethro by the light of true When the Sanhedrin government was first ordained reason did advise Moses to set up this form of true government Exod. 18. But secondly afterwards the Angel of the Covenant himself did ordain this form of Government and therefore he appointed Moses to make a new choise of Elders of the best and ablest that were among them and for this purpose the Angel that gave Moses lively Oracles appointed Moses to gather before him 70. men viz. such as the people had before chosen and approved to be their Elders and they must be such also as Moses himself knew to be men of approved wisdom and godlines and then the Son of God to whom the father committed all authority and power as Mediator said unto Moses I will come down and speak with thee there and I will take off the Spirit which is upon thee and put it upon them and they shall bear with thee the burden of the people Num. 11. 16 17. In these words are laid down the original ground of ordaining and instituting the chief Court of their Sanhedrin government But because one Court could not conveniently serve for the daily use of all parts of the Land Therefore the Son of God to Iesus Christ did first constitute the Sanhedrin government whom was given all power and authority directed Moses and the Elders of the high Sanhedrin to make and constitute as many other Sanhedrin Courts as they should have Cities in their possession when they came into the land of Canaan In Deut. 16. 10. Thus it is expressed Iudges and Officers shalt thou make thee in all thy gates which Jehovah thy God giveth thee through all thy Tribes Judges that is to say Elders siting in the seat of Iudicature Officers are such as attend upon the Iudges to execute their commands Shalt thou make thee that is to say thou that art the high Sanhedrin thou shalt make and constitute Iudges in all thy gates both in the greater Cities and lesser Towns within the land of Canaan But thou art not bound hereby to constitute Sanhedrin Courts out of the land of Canaan for it is said in all thy gates which the Lord thy

safely gathered that the Iews had abundance of synagogues in all the hundred twenty and seven Provinces of Ahasuerus Dominions And we may guess they began to build synagogues in the time of the Babylonian Captivity for Christ did procure favour for the poor captives at the hands of the Babylonian Emperors as well as of the Persian by many stately passages of his wise providence For about the fifth yeer of Nebuchadnezar he caused Daniel to be advanced into the Kings favour by giving him skill The provident care of Christ for speedy spreading of particular Christian Churches into all parts of the world doth mightily appear by his dispersing the Iews into sundry heathen Countries to have Synagogues and to get Assemblies before-hand fit for the Apostles and Disciples of Christ to preach the Gospel to to tell and to expound Nebuchadnezar's dreams and then he procured them another new favour by delivering the three noble Martyrs out of the fiery furnace Thirdly Daniel obtained another new favour of Darius Madai fellow in government with Cyrus when Christ did so miraculously deliver him from the power of the ●ungry lyons Fourthly Christ caused Ester and Mordecai to be highly advanced into favour with Ahasuerus and with Darius Artaxerxes his son and thus it pleased Christ by these stately passages of his providence to procure favour for all the Iews in general that were dispersed into several heathen Countries for the building of synagogues for the free exercise of their Religion And though Haman plotted the overthrow of their Religion yet through the wise providence of Christ to whom the Father gave all authoritie and power Haman was overthrown with all his Amalakite party who had determined the death of the Iews in every Province Then the fear of the Iews fel upon the Heathens and many heathens became Proselites Ester 8. 17. that is to say they did associate themselves with the Iewes to worship God with them in their synagogues And thus the Lord Christ by these stately passages of his providence did promote some of the Iews to special favour with the heathen Emperours by whose favour the rest obtained favour for the erecting of synagogues and for the exercise of their religion in all Countries Nay It appears to me that the Iews began to have and build synagogues in heathen Countries in the dayes of Nebuchad-nezar and in the time of Ieremies preaching for he and Ezekiel did assure them that Nebuchad-nezar should conquer the land and lay it wast for seventy years thereupon many Godly Iews did sell their estates and flee away as they could get opportunitie into divers heathen countries aforehand either unto Babel before they were captivated or else into some of those hundred twenty seven Provinces above-mentioned even as Elias fled from the face of Iezabel so did many Godly Iews flee from persecuting Princes Priests and Prophets into divers heathen countries for safety for God had his out-casts that did hide themselves from the evil day Esa 16. 3. 4. Ier. 40. 11 12. and 43. 5 6 7. and 44. 14. Ezek. 7. 12. and of the number of these out-casts they might well be who had and built synagogues in Corinth and Rome and other remote parts as Mr Broughton thinks in Lam. 1. 3. And Christ Iesus did provide by his special providence that these synagogues should be made famous and eminent for learning and Godlines in all heathen Countries for many heathens were affected to religion and became Proselites and many did accompany the Iews that returned with Zorobabel that could not discerne their fathers house whether they were of Israel or no Ezra 2. 59. 60. and by this quaere into their genealogy it appears that the rulers of the Iews did conceive that there were some heathens among them that had been so long joyned to their Church that they could not finde out their pedigree whether they were Israelites or no. And though forty nine thousand Iews returned at the first Ezra 2. and many after yet many thousands did continue in all Nations and did exercise their Religion in particular Church-assembies which Church is continued till the Gospel of Iesus Christ was preached among them as in Babylon they had a synagogue if not more then one for the Apostle Peter neer 500. years after converted many souls to Christ there and dated his first Epistle from thence 1 Pet. 5. 13. 2. Jesus Christ did still more and more disperse the Jewes after the Chaldean and Persian times by the interchangeable wars that continued long between the Seleucidae and the Lagidae the two legs of the Image Dan. 2. for the seat of their war was for the most part in the land of Canaan and in the Countries adjacent And when the Celeucidae prevailed they led captive many Jews into the Easterne and Northern parts But when the Lagidae prevailed they led many Jews captive into Egypt and the parts adjacent And thus Christ the Lord used these Tyrants as his instruments to disperse the Jews all the world over to build Synagogues for the exercise of Religion and for the instructing and converting of many heathens and for the use of the Apostles and of other Apostolick men that by this means they might have a free and ready entrance to preach the Gospel to the conversion of many ten thousands both of Jews and Heathens And thus the Lord Jesus did before-hand prepare a way for the ready preaching of the Gospel all the world over and then when he was ready to leave the Apostles behinde him he commanded them to go unto all Nations to teach and baptize them into the Name of the Father of the Son and of the holy Ghost Mat. 28. And Paul himself was so industrous that he did quickly make the word of God to abound from Ierusalem to Illyricum and also to Rome Rom. 15. 14. for he found ready to his hand many Synagogues in all places where he came when he came first to Damascus he found Synagogues there Act. 9. 2. 20. and at Salamis Acts 13. 5. at Antioch in Pisidia chap. 13. 14. at Iconium chap. 14. 1. at Thessalonica 17. 10. at Athens chap. 17. at Corinth 18. 4. at Ephesus chap. 18. 19. at Philippi there was a place for publique worship chap. 16. 13. and by the opportunitie of these Synagogues Paul had a ready entrance to preach the Gospel every-where to the conversion of many ten thousand Iews Act. 21. 20. The Lord Iesus Christ by the seven eyes of his providence prepared these Synagogues by dispersing the Iews all the world over to build them for the preservation of Religion and for the spreading thereof and then the Lord did also make a gracious promise to the Iews that went into dispersion that they should honour him by setting up his pure worship in all those heathen countries where they were captived Ezek. 6. 8. 9. 10. Zac. 10. 9. Ezek. 11. 16. and 12. 16. and this prophesie was fulfilled by the Iews practice of Religion

God giveth thee Though Christ do command the high Sanhedrin to set up sundry Courts of Iudicature in every Citie yet he doth not determine the number of Iudges how many shall belong to each Court but he leaves that to be ordred by the wisdom of the high Sanhedrin because they were the chief chosen Elders of the whole Church and they saw it necessary to ordain two degrees of Sanhedrin Courts mo which they set up assoon as they were setled in the land in every Citie and Town for the more convenient distribution of Iustice through all the parts of the land of Canaan not only within but also without Iordan in the Tribes of Ruben Gad and half Manasses reserving onely to themselves such cases as were too difficult for the lesser Courts And thus was the disposition of their Courts according to the exposition of the Hebrew Doctors First The highest Sanhedrin consisted of 70. Iudges and one Numb 11. 16 17. 30. where Christ joyned 70. Elders unto Moses the King For Moses is said to be a King in Iesurun Deut. 33. 5. and in imitation thereof they did ever after account their kings to be the head of the high Sanhedrin and at last this high Sanhedrin was setled at Ierusalem Secondly This high Sanhedrin erected two other Sanhedrin Courts in Ierusalem each of them consisting of twenty three Iudges a piece one of them sate in the mountain of the Temple and the other sate at the dore of the Court-yard of the Temple and the high Sanhedrin sate in the chamber of hewen stone within the Temple Thirdly They appointed and ordained another Sanhedrin of twenty three Iudges in every Citie of Israel if there were in it but an hundred and twenty men And they kept their Courts in the gates of the Citie Amos 5. 15. Fourthly They set up also a Court of three Iudges in every Town and Citie wherein were less then an hundred and twenty men and they ordained that no Court should be kept of any less then three chosen Elders they ordained also that every Citie which had not in it two wise men the one fit to teach the whole Law and the other skilful to hear and to demand and to make answer that no Sanhedrin should be set therein although it had in it two thousand Israelites Vid. Ainsw on Numb 11. 16. By these conclusions we may see what great care the Hebrew Doctors took for the well ordering not only of the highest but of the lowest Sanhedrin also with learned and skilful Elders And the Hebrew Doctors say that the Elders of the lowest Sanhedrin which they call the Court of three men must have every one of them these seven properties First Wisdom Secondly Meekness Thirdly The fear of God Fourthly the hatred of Mammon Fifthly Love of Truth Sixthly Love of their fellow creatures that is of other men and seventhly that they be men of good name Vid. Ains in Exod. 18. 21. Moreover the Elders of this Sanhedrin of three had great honor Vide Ains in Deut. 22. 15. They were called Elohim Gods as well as the Elders of the high Sanhedrin because the word of God was given to all the Elders in general Exod. 24. 9. 13. 14. Deut. 5. 23. with Iohn 10. 34 35. The Hebrew Doctors say that none are called Elohim but those Judges which were ordained in the land of Israel onely and such as are wise and fit to judge and such as the Senate of the land of Israel sought out appointed and imposed hands upon them Ains on Exod. 21. 6. And when the high Senate of the Land sought out any to set The high Sanhedrin ordained all the other Sanhedrins them as Elders over the people they did it with the advise of the people by making inquiry of them among the people Deut. 1. 13 14 15. They say also that if any Sanhedrin King or Governor di● set up a Judge for Israel that is not wise in the wisedom of the Law and meet to be a Judge Although he be wholly amiable and have other good things in him yet he that setteth him up transgresseth Ains on Numb 11. 17. and they counted it a great shame for a just Judge to sit in company with one that was wicked Ains in Exod. 23. 7. yea they held it unlawfull for a wise man to sit in the place of judgement until he knew with whom he sat lest he had society with men unworthy and unmeet and come within the compasse of conspiring with the lawless against the law of the Judgement Hall Maymon San. Perek 2. fol. 229. and in Perek 3. fol. 230. he saith thus whatsoever Judge giveth a bribe to come to his place It is unlawfull to be tried by him and the learned teach to set him at naught and to cut him short But notwithstanding their godly care touching Courts and Elders which they set up in all parts of the land for the well ordering of Religion and Justice yet the Devil and mans corruption quickly found out devises to corrupt these Fountains of good government and assoon as the fountains of good government were corrupt the lesser riverets I mean their Synagogue government must needs be corrupt also But ever and anon God raised up fresh means of reformation Corruption in government was increased by Samuels sonnes and more by Saul but after some space of time God raised up David A man after his own heart to feed his people Israel with Iustice and judgement 2 Sam. 7. 7. 8. Psal 78. 70. In those dayes godly David took care to furnish all these Courts with wise and able men out of all Tribes and some of the Tribe of Levi were conjoyned with them For he appointed Chonaniah and his sons of the Icharites for the businesses without that is to say remote from Jerusalem for Officers and Judges and of the Hebronites he appointed Hashaviah and his brethren which were men of activity seventeen thousand over the charge of them of Israel beyond Iordan westward in all businesses of the Lord and in the service of the King 1 Chron. 26. 29 30. And Iediiah the chief of the Hebronites and his brethren twenty seven thousand chief Fathers whom David in the fortieth year of his reign made Rulers over the Gadites the Reubenites and the half Tribe of Manasseh for every matter pertaining to God and for the things of the King Verse 31 32. Many Rulers were needfull in such a time of Reformation but it is worth the marking that all these chief Rulers were appointed to look to every matter appertaining to God as well as to the things of the King But after some space of time these Sanhedrin courts were again corrupted and good Iehosaphat did again reforme them first he sent abroad divers of his Princes as well as Levits to instruct the people in the knowledge of Gods Law in all the Cities and synagogues of Iudah 2 Chron. 17. 7. Those Princes were learned and therefore were