Selected quad for the lemma: land_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
land_n	city_n	great_a	lord_n	2,295	5	3.5103	3	true

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A64345	An account of Poland containing a geographical description of the country, the manners of the inhabitants, and the wars they have been engag'd in, the constitution of that government, particularly the manner of electing and crowning their king, his power and prerogatives : with a brief history of the Tartars / by Monsieur Hauteville ... ; to which is added, a chronology of the Polish kings, the abdication of King John Casimir, and the rise and progress of Socinianisme ; likewise a relation of the chief passages during the last interregnum ; and the election and coronation of the new King Frederic Augustus ; the whole comprehending whatsoever is curious and worthy of remark in the former and present state of Poland.; Relation historique de la Pologne. English	Tende, Gaspard de, 1618-1697.	1698 (1698)	Wing T678; ESTC R20715	178,491	319

present_n of_o flesh_n fish_n stuff_n hay_n and_o oat_n the_o starosty_n ought_v only_o to_o be_v give_v to_o old_a officer_n who_o have_v serve_v long_a time_n in_o the_o army_n and_o be_v as_o it_o be_v super-annuated_n for_o the_o polish_v word_n starosc_n signify_v old_a age_n and_o he_o who_o enjoy_v one_o of_o those_o estate_n be_v call_v starosta_n from_o starry_a which_o signify_v a_o old_a man._n there_o be_v two_o sort_n of_o starosty_n some_o be_v empower_v to_o exercise_v a_o jurisdiction_n through_o the_o whole_a extent_n of_o their_o territory_n whereas_o there_o be_v other_o without_o any_o jurisdiction_n the_o first_o be_v the_o most_o considerable_a though_o they_o be_v not_o always_o the_o rich_a each_o starosta_n be_v oblige_v to_o give_v the_o four_o part_n of_o the_o revenue_n of_o his_o starostie_a to_o the_o republic_n and_o no_o man_n can_v possess_v two_o of_o those_o who_o have_v jurisdiction_n the_o king_n may_v bestow_v the_o reversion_n of_o a_o starostie_a upon_o the_o starosta_n wife_n except_o in_o rússia_n which_o be_v a_o frontier_n province_n for_o since_o a_o starostie_a be_v a_o government_n the_o republic_n suppose_v that_o the_o governor_n ought_v to_o reside_v upon_o the_o place_n but_o polish_v gentleman_n may_v be_v make_v governor_n of_o frontier_n place_n because_o the_o republic_n rely_v more_o upon_o their_o fidelity_n than_o upon_o that_o of_o foreigner_n though_o they_o be_v sometime_o deceive_v in_o this_o maxim_n for_o he_o who_o surrender_v the_o city_n of_o caminiec_n to_o the_o turk_n without_o make_v any_o resistance_n be_v not_o only_o a_o gentleman_n of_o poland_n but_o even_o a_o palatine_n as_o for_o the_o saltwork_n of_o poland_n the_o most_o considerable_a be_v those_o of_o vieluczka_n and_o boehinia_n about_o five_o league_n from_o cracow_n which_o yield_v about_o 400000_o livre_n yearly_o they_o be_v find_v out_o in_o the_o year_n 1252._o they_o resemble_v deep_a mine_n dug_n in_o the_o earth_n to_o which_o they_o descend_v by_o a_o hole_n like_a to_o that_o of_o a_o quarry_n the_o workman_n who_o be_v employ_v in_o digging_z out_o the_o salt_n begin_v to_o enter_v the_o pit_n at_o midnight_n and_o those_o who_o go_v down_o first_o begin_v to_o come_v out_o about_o noon_n because_o they_o must_v be_v let_v down_o and_o draw_v up_o with_o a_o great_a rope_n like_o that_o with_o which_o large_a stone_n be_v raise_v up_o out_o of_o quarry_n as_o they_o dig_v the_o salt_n out_o of_o the_o mine_n they_o must_v leave_v great_a pillar_n from_o place_n to_o place_n to_o support_v the_o earth_n and_o since_o these_o vault_a pit_n be_v all_o cover_v with_o salt_n when_o one_o go_v down_o into_o they_o he_o seem_v to_o be_v surround_v with_o a_o thousand_o crystal_n which_o reflect_v the_o light_n of_o the_o torch_n there_o be_v some_o part_n of_o they_o dug_n so_o far_o that_o it_o will_v be_v dangerous_a to_o go_v into_o they_o because_o one_o may_v easy_o lose_v himself_o in_o these_o labyrinth_n the_o salt_n be_v take_v out_o in_o large_a column_n which_o be_v loosen_v from_o the_o mine_n be_v draw_v by_o horse_n just_a under_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o pit_n and_o afterward_o draw_v up_o like_o stone_n out_o of_o a_o quarry_n the_o horse_n continue_v always_o in_o those_o subterranean_a cavern_n but_o the_o man_n come_v out_o every_o day_n and_o which_o be_v very_o remarkable_a there_o be_v a_o spring_n of_o sweet_a water_n in_o the_o salt-pit_n of_o which_o both_o the_o man_n and_o horse_n drink_v after_o the_o salt_n be_v bring_v out_o of_o the_o pit_n they_o carry_v those_o great_a piece_n or_o column_n through_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n except_o prussia_n where_o they_o only_o use_v french_a salt_n before_o the_o polish_v salt_n can_v be_v use_v it_o must_v be_v beat_v to_o piece_n and_o then_o ground_n in_o a_o mill._n beside_o these_o pit_n of_o bochnia_n and_o vieluczka_n there_o be_v other_o saltwork_n at_o halicz_n in_o pokutia_n on_o the_o neister_n at_o kolomey_n in_o the_o same_o province_n on_o the_o river_n prut_fw-mi and_o at_o pinsk_n a_o city_n of_o lithuania_n in_o pol●sia_n and_o beside_o these_o there_o be_v some_o other_o which_o belong_v to_o private_a man_n for_o there_o be_v a_o express_a law_n that_o the_o republic_n shall_v not_o pretend_v a_o right_n to_o the_o mine_n of_o salt_n or_o of_o any_o metal_n which_o be_v find_v in_o any_o gentleman_n land_n there_o be_v also_o white_a salt_n make_v in_o many_o other_o place_n of_o poland_n as_o in_o the_o palatinat_a of_o craeow_fw-mi between_o oswiecin_n upon_o the_o vistula_n and_o mount_v crapat_fw-la but_o this_o salt_n be_v for_o the_o king_n use_n beside_o they_o make_v great_a quantity_n of_o salt_n in_o russia_n by_o boil_a salt-water_n which_o cost_v they_o little_a because_o that_o province_n be_v all_o cover_v with_o wood_n there_o be_v also_o some_o mine_n of_o lead_n mix_v with_o silver_n in_o the_o burrough_n of_o ilkusch_n slankow_n kranow_n and_o nowoguiia_n which_o be_v in_o the_o palatinat_a of_o cracow_n and_o in_o that_o of_o sandomir_n there_o be_v saltpetre_n at_o vieliczca_n there_o be_v also_o vitriol_n find_v at_o byecz_n and_o quicksilver_n at_o tustan_n in_o pokutia_n towards_o the_o mountain_n the_o ecclesiastic_a estate_n be_v the_o benefice_n as_o bishopric_n abbacy_n priory_n canonship_n curacy_n and_o all_o the_o land_n that_o be_v possess_v by_o the_o regular_a clergy_n the_o benefice_n be_v not_o so_o numerous_a as_o in_o france_n for_o there_o be_v but_o sixteen_o bishopric_n and_o some_o abbacy_n but_o the_o bishopric_n be_v of_o a_o great_a extent_n and_o endow_v with_o large_a revenue_n some_o of_o these_o prelate_n have_v above_o 100000_o liver_n yearly_o rend_v the_o patrimonial_a estate_n belong_v proper_o to_o the_o polander_n whether_o the_o right_a of_o succession_n be_v by_o purchase_n or_o inheritance_n and_o consist_v in_o house_n land_n town_n village_n lake_n mill_n meadow_n and_o wood_n but_o especial_o in_o peasant_n for_o a_o gentleman_n riches_n be_v value_v by_o the_o number_n of_o his_o peasant_n every_o one_o of_o they_o be_v worth_a 100_o livre_n a_o year_n to_o his_o master_n these_o peasant_n be_v slave_n and_o can_v possess_v any_o thing_n all_o that_o they_o heap_v together_o belong_v to_o their_o lord_n who_o they_o can_v leave_v without_o his_o permission_n unless_o they_o turn_v priest_n or_o friar_n but_o these_o miserable_a wretch_n work_v so_o hard_o without_o intermission_n that_o they_o have_v no_o time_n to_o study_v in_o order_n to_o fit_n themseive_v for_o admittance_n among_o the_o secular_a or_o regular_a clergy_n except_o only_o in_o the_o quality_n of_o lay-brother_n which_o the_o polish_v gentleman_n take_v also_o care_v to_o prevent_v by_o oblige_v they_o to_o marry_o young_a that_o they_o may_v not_o be_v receive_v into_o the_o convent_v to_o settle_v a_o peasant_n upon_o a_o piece_n of_o land_n or_o in_o a_o village_n the_o lord_n cause_v a_o cottage_n of_o wood_n to_o be_v build_v for_o he_o and_o give_v he_o two_o little_a horse_n one_o cow_n some_o hen_n goose_n and_o rye_n to_o subsist_v upon_o for_o a_o year_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n he_o appoint_v a_o certain_a piece_n of_o ground_n in_o the_o village_n which_o the_o peasant_n be_v oblige_v to_o till_o for_o his_o landlord_n and_o upon_o which_o he_o be_v to_o maintain_v himself_o for_o the_o future_a for_o all_o the_o good_n of_o the_o village_n belong_v to_o the_o lord_n the_o settle_n of_o a_o peasant_n cost_v a_o gentleman_n nothing_o but_o the_o price_n which_o he_o pay_v for_o he_o because_o the_o other_o peasant_n of_o the_o village_n build_v the_o house_n and_o furnish_v the_o cattle_n poultry_n and_o all_o that_o he_o give_v to_o his_o new_a subject_n who_o with_o his_o wife_n and_o child_n be_v oblige_v to_o work_v four_o day_n in_o the_o week_n for_o his_o master_n and_o to_o spend_v the_o other_o two_o day_n in_o tilling_n the_o ground_n which_o be_v give_v he_o for_o his_o subsistance_n when_o harvest_n come_v all_o the_o peasant_n of_o the_o village_n go_v out_o together_o to_o cut_v down_o and_o gather_v in_o the_o corn_n for_o their_o lord_n who_o appoint_v certain_a person_n to_o oversee_v their_o work_n and_o to_o beat_v they_o when_o they_o be_v idle_a for_o the_o punishment_n of_o the_o peasant_n there_o be_v a_o sort_n of_o pillory_n in_o every_o village_n on_o which_o those_o miserable_a wretch_n be_v sometime_o force_v to_o stand_v a_o whole_a day_n one_o will_v think_v the_o peasant_n in_o poland_n shall_v reckon_v themselves_o the_o most_o unhappy_a creature_n in_o the_o world_n to_o see_v themselves_o reduce_v to_o perpetual_a slavery_n and_o oblige_v to_o work_v continual_o without_o the_o prospect_n of_o one_o day_n of_o rest_n but_o they_o do_v not_o so_o much_o as_o know_v that_o there_o be_v

which_o they_o use_v for_o their_o ordinary_a drink_n it_o be_v say_v that_o in_o muscovy_n which_o lie_v more_o northwards_o there_o be_v a_o much_o great_a abundance_n of_o honey_n which_o supply_v the_o defect_n of_o wine_n and_o beer_n and_o enable_v they_o to_o subsist_v comfortable_o in_o their_o cold_a habitation_n it_o be_v strange_a that_o there_o shall_v be_v such_o vast_a swarm_n of_o bee_n in_o so_o cold_a a_o country_n since_o it_o be_v observe_v that_o these_o animal_n be_v more_o delight_v with_o the_o flower_n that_o be_v find_v in_o hot_a country_n than_o with_o those_o that_o grow_v in_o a_o cold_a climate_n it_o must_v be_v conclude_v then_o that_o the_o bee_n find_v some_o agreeable_a liquor_n upon_o the_o firr-tree_n and_o that_o they_o be_v please_v with_o that_o sort_n of_o wood_n which_o the_o polander_n have_v very_o well_o observe_v for_o all_o the_o hive_n which_o they_o have_v in_o their_o garden_n be_v make_v of_o the_o hollow_a trunk_n of_o firr-tree_n i_o proceed_v in_o the_o next_o place_n to_o show_v how_o the_o polish_v gentleman_n improve_v their_o estate_n and_o how_o they_o raise_v their_o revenue_n it_o be_v not_o the_o custom_n in_o this_o country_n to_o let_v estate_n for_o money_n except_o only_o the_o farm_n of_o beer_n brandy_n and_o the_o inn_n which_o they_o call_v karczma_n all_o the_o other_o rent_n be_v pay_v in_o corn_n which_o they_o send_v to_o dantzick_n to_o be_v sell_v in_o fish_n which_o be_v buy_v by_o the_o merchant_n in_o horse_n ox_n cow_n calf_n sheep_n hog_n ceese_n duck_n turkey_n hen_n common_a hen_n chicken_n and_o capon_n which_o the_o peasant_n very_o careful_o bring_v up_o not_o dare_v to_o eat_v or_o sell_v any_o of_o they_o or_o otherwise_o embezel_n they_o for_o fear_n of_o the_o rod._n as_o for_o the_o butter_n and_o egg_n after_o the_o landlord_n kitchen_n be_v sufficient_o furnish_v he_o bestow_v the_o rest_n with_o the_o flax_n which_o the_o peasant_n make_v upon_o his_o wife_n which_o she_o sell_v for_o pocket-money_n for_o the_o woman_n in_o poland_n be_v not_o suffer_v to_o keep_v the_o purse_n but_o when_o they_o want_v any_o thing_n they_o pray_v their_o husband_n to_o give_v it_o they_o embrace_v his_o knee_n and_o call_v he_o my_o patron_n or_o benefactor_n the_o man_n do_v all_o the_o business_n and_o the_o woman_n meddle_v with_o nothing_o but_o eat_v drink_v and_o dance_v there_o be_v order_n give_v in_o the_o kitchen_n to_o give_v they_o whatever_o they_o demand_v upon_o every_o manor_n the_o lord_n keep_v a_o pod_n starosta_n that_o be_v a_o inferior_a gentleman_n who_o take_v care_n to_o gather_v in_o the_o cattle_n and_o other_o rent_n from_o the_o peasant_n to_o send_v part_n of_o they_o into_o his_o master_n kitchen_n and_o to_o sell_v the_o rest_n but_o though_o there_o can_v be_v a_o exact_a computation_n make_v of_o the_o revenue_n of_o land_n in_o poland_n because_o consist_v almost_o whole_o in_o commodity_n a_o considerable_a part_n of_o which_o be_v consume_v in_o the_o landlord_n house_n there_o be_v person_n of_o quality_n who_o yearly_o revenue_n be_v esteem_v to_o amount_v to_o more_o than_o 100000_o crown_n and_o former_o the_o polish_v gentry_n be_v so_o rich_a that_o some_o lord_n usual_o come_v to_o the_o diet_n with_o a_o train_n of_o above_o 1000_o man_n and_o other_o upon_o press_v occasion_n have_v furnish_v the_o republic_n with_o 3000_o man_n raise_v at_o their_o own_o charge_n as_o do_v leo_n sapieha_n chancellor_n of_o lithuania_n after_o the_o great_a defeat_n of_o the_o polish_v army_n at_o pilaveze_n in_o vkrania_n on_o the_o 29_o of_o september_n 1648._o but_o at_o present_a poland_n be_v not_o so_o rich_a because_o it_o be_v not_o so_o well_o people_v as_o former_o nor_o can_v it_o be_v reasonable_o suppose_v to_o be_v either_o so_o rich_a or_o populous_a after_o it_o have_v be_v harass_v by_o so_o many_o eruption_n of_o the_o muscovite_n turk_n tartar_n and_o cossack_n who_o have_v at_o several_a time_n carry_v away_o a_o infinite_a number_n of_o slave_n and_o after_o the_o bloody_a and_o expensive_a war_n which_o the_o republic_n have_v maintain_v against_o all_o its_o neighbour_n and_o beside_o the_o plague_n which_o succeed_v these_o desolation_n have_v contribute_v in_o a_o great_a measure_n to_o dispeople_v part_n of_o the_o country_n chap._n xxiii_o of_o the_o custom_n humour_n and_o inclination_n of_o the_o polander_n the_o polander_n be_v natural_o so_o extreme_o desirous_a of_o money_n that_o they_o be_v willing_a to_o submit_v to_o any_o term_n to_o procure_v it_o but_o those_o who_o be_v acquaint_v with_o their_o temper_n will_v never_o give_v they_o more_o than_o what_o they_o intend_v to_o lose_v for_o it_o be_v not_o their_o custom_n to_o pay_v their_o debt_n nor_o so_o much_o as_o to_o return_v a_o civil_a answer_n to_o their_o creditor_n since_o it_o may_v seem_v incredible_a that_o any_o commerce_n can_v subsist_v among_o a_o people_n who_o never_o pay_v what_o they_o borrow_v it_o will_v not_o be_v improper_a to_o give_v a_o account_n of_o the_o way_n of_o lend_v money_n in_o poland_n for_o bond_n and_o obligation_n be_v of_o no_o use_n in_o this_o country_n those_o who_o want_v money_n must_v either_o procure_v a_o supply_n from_o the_o gentleman_n merchant_n or_o burgess_n when_o one_o gentleman_n send_v money_n to_o another_o the_o borrower_n mortgage_n or_o make_v over_o a_o village_n to_o his_o creditor_n till_o the_o money_n be_v repaid_a as_o for_o the_o burgess_n and_o merchant_n they_o never_o lend_v money_n to_o the_o gentleman_n but_o upon_o pledge_n at_o 14_o per_fw-la cent_n interest_n as_o it_o be_v allow_v by_o the_o law_n of_o the_o kingdom_n there_o be_v a_o note_n or_o inventory_n take_v of_o the_o quantity_n and_o kind_a of_o the_o pledge_n which_o the_o borrower_n give_v to_o the_o person_n who_o lend_v the_o money_n and_o if_o they_o consist_v of_o jewel_n as_o for_o example_n a_o pearl-necklace_n it_o be_v seal_v at_o the_o two_o end_n with_o the_o borrower_n seal_n in_o the_o same_o note_n after_o both_o the_o quantity_n and_o value_n of_o the_o jewel_n or_o plate_n that_o be_v pawn_v and_o the_o sum_n of_o money_n that_o be_v lend_v be_v specify_v the_o borrower_n oblige_v himself_o to_o pay_v the_o money_n at_o six_o month_n warn_v and_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n to_o pay_v interest_n at_o the_o rate_n of_o 14_o per_fw-la cent._n it_o be_v also_o stipulate_v and_o agree_v upon_o betwixt_o both_o party_n that_o if_o the_o borrower_n shall_v neglect_v to_o pay_v interest_n for_o the_o space_n of_o three_o year_n the_o creditor_n shall_v in_o that_o case_n have_v full_a power_n to_o send_v they_o to_o dantzick_n to_o be_v sell_v and_o this_o be_v the_o only_a way_n that_o the_o merchant_n and_o burgher_n lend_v money_n to_o the_o polander_n for_o otherwise_o they_o will_v never_o be_v pay_v though_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o the_o polander_n be_v passionate_a lover_n of_o money_n and_o will_v leave_v no_o mean_n unattempted_a to_o procure_v it_o it_o be_v no_o less_o certain_a that_o they_o do_v not_o desire_v it_o to_o purchase_v land_n or_o to_o build_v fine_a house_n or_o increase_v their_o revenue_n but_o only_o to_o buy_v silk_n stuff_n fur_n fine_a horse_n and_o arm_n and_o above_o all_o good_a hungarian_a wine_n the_o polish_v gentleman_n be_v all_o natural_o civil_a they_o usual_o invite_v traveller_n to_o their_o house_n and_o entertain_v they_o in_o a_o very_a kind_n and_o oblige_a manner_n the_o great_a lord_n be_v very_o generous_a and_o magnificent_a and_o to_o my_o certain_a knowledge_n some_o of_o they_o have_v take_v into_o their_o house_n frenchmen_n italian_n and_o german_n and_o maintain_v they_o till_o they_o find_v some_o employment_n i_o know_v particular_o that_o that_o chancellor_n patz_n have_v give_v both_o horse_n and_o money_n to_o stranger_n who_o have_v do_v he_o no_o service_n at_o all_o the_o polander_n be_v general_o very_o fond_a of_o magnificent_a habit_n after_o their_o mode_n most_o of_o they_o wear_v very_o handsome_a boot_n the_o heel_n of_o which_o be_v shod_a with_o iron_n a_o fur_v cap_n and_o ve_v that_o reach_n to_o their_o leg_n and_o be_v fur_v in_o cold_a wether_n the_o great_a lord_n have_v they_o fur_v with_o sable_a which_o be_v bring_v they_o from_o muscovy_n and_o the_o rest_n with_o the_o skin_n of_o tiger_n leopard_n panther_n etc._n etc._n some_o of_o the_o fine_a fur_n cost_v above_o 1000_o crown_n but_o they_o be_v only_o wear_v at_o diet_n and_o be_v keep_v from_o father_n to_o son_n some_o though_o few_o be_v clothe_v after_o the_o french_a fashion_n and_o wear_v linen_n lace_n point_n peruke_n and_o sword_n for_o those_o who_o retain_v the_o polish_v habit_n wear_v no_o other_o linen_n but_o shirt_n and_o drawer_n and_o some_o of_o

fire_v of_o the_o artillery_n of_o the_o place_n and_o with_o three_o salvo_n of_o all_o the_o saxon_a force_n encamp_v under_o the_o wall_n of_o cracow_n the_o next_o day_n his_o majesty_n be_v clothe_v in_o his_o royal_a robe_n go_v in_o great_a pomp_n to_o the_o town-house_n and_o be_v set_a upon_o a_o throne_n erect_v before_o the_o house_n the_o magistrate_n come_v to_o assure_v he_o of_o their_o fidelity_n and_o present_v he_o with_o the_o key_n of_o their_o town_n in_o a_o silver_n dish_n the_o chancellor_n in_o the_o king_n name_n assure_v they_o of_o his_o maiesty_n clemency_n and_o affection_n and_o read_v with_o a_o audible_a voice_n the_o oath_n of_o fidelity_n which_o they_o take_v kneel_v after_o which_o they_o present_v according_a to_o custom_n a_o purse_n full_a of_o ducat_n to_o his_o majesty_n who_o be_v please_v to_o confer_v the_o order_n of_o knighthood_n upon_o some_o of_o they_o all_o the_o people_n be_v about_o the_o throne_n a_o gentleman_n who_o have_v the_o office_n of_o treasurer_n scatter_v some_o money_n among_o they_o which_o liberality_n be_v proclaim_v by_o great_a acclamation_n of_o joy_n and_o long_o live_v friderick_n augustus_n our_o king_n the_o diet_n which_o be_v call_v some_o time_n before_o meet_v at_o cracow_n according_a to_o custom_n and_o at_o their_o first_o meeting_n some_o of_o the_o deputy_n of_o the_o french_a faction_n make_v some_o reflection_n on_o the_o castellan_n of_o cracow_n and_o other_o senator_n who_o have_v advisd_v the_o hasten_v of_o the_o king_n coronation_n which_o as_o they_o say_v aught_o to_o have_v be_v defer_v till_o the_o great_a dispute_n concern_v the_o crown_n be_v accommodate_v to_o which_o they_o say_v the_o primate_n and_o his_o party_n be_v incline_v but_o they_o be_v silence_v by_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o deputy_n who_o will_v not_o hear_v such_o discourse_n the_o contest_v about_o the_o choice_n of_o a_o marshal_n go_v so_o far_o that_o the_o sabres_fw-es be_v draw_v but_o at_o last_o the_o matter_n be_v compose_v and_o the_o starost_n minsky_n of_o lithuania_n be_v choose_v on_o the_o 24_o of_o september_n and_o so_o the_o diet_n go_v on_o upon_o public_a business_n some_o day_n after_o the_o coronation_n the_o king_n hold_v a_o great_a council_n of_o war_n wherein_o it_o be_v resolve_v to_o send_v a_o detachment_n of_o his_o force_n towards_o dantzick_n to_o prevent_v the_o prince_n of_o conty_n land_v and_o another_o to_o warsaw_n to_o secure_v the_o place_n and_o disperse_v the_o rebel_n which_o be_v according_o do_v the_o king_n in_o end_v to_o repair_v in_o few_o way_n to_o warsaw_n at_o the_o head_n of_o his_o army_n but_o the_o primate_n have_v receive_v advice_n of_o his_o majesty_n coronation_n and_o of_o his_o design_n to_o march_v to_o warsaw_n cause_v the_o corpse_n of_o the_o late_a king_n with_o all_o the_o artillery_n and_o ammunition_n of_o the_o place_n to_o be_v embark_v on_o the_o vistula_n for_o jarreslow_v design_v to_o retire_v himself_o with_o the_o marshal_n of_o the_o nobility_n of_o his_o party_n to_o lowitz_n a_o strong_a place_n in_o a_o morass_n belong_v to_o his_o eminence_n which_o he_o do_v few_o day_n after_o the_o whole_a party_n be_v much_o surprise_v at_o the_o news_n of_o the_o king_n coronation_n for_o they_o do_v not_o think_v that_o the_o saxon_n will_v have_v proceed_v to_o it_o because_o of_o the_o reason_n i_o have_v mention_v however_o they_o be_v not_o dishearten_v and_o they_o summon_v the_o nobility_n of_o upper_a poland_n to_o meet_v at_o lenovi_n under_o the_o command_n of_o the_o castellan_n of_o calish_n in_o the_o low_a poland_n at_o zawickhorst_n under_o the_o command_n of_o the_o palatine_a of_o be●z_n but_o the_o rendezvous_n of_o the_o lithuanian_n be_v leave_v to_o the_o prince_n sapieha_n who_o be_v to_o have_v the_o chief_a command_n till_o the_o arrival_n of_o the_o prince_n of_o conti_n who_o be_v daily_o expect_v that_o prince_n set_v out_o form_n dunkirk_n the_o 6_o of_o september_n on_o board_n the_o chevalier_n bart_n and_o arrive_v at_o dantzick_n the_o 25_o he_o send_v a_o gentleman_n to_o give_v notice_n of_o his_o arrival_n to_o the_o magistrate_n and_o desire_v a_o free_a passage_n through_o the_o city_n to_o which_o they_o answer_v that_o they_o have_v a_o great_a respect_n for_o his_o highness_n but_o that_o the_o elector_n of_o saxony_n have_v be_v crown_v they_o can_v do_v no_o more_o for_o he_o than_o give_v he_o the_o liberty_n to_o come_v ashore_o himself_o with_o his_o servant_n alone_o but_o not_o suffer_v any_o officer_n or_o soldier_n to_o land_n or_o pass_v through_o their_o city_n the_o prince_n be_v very_o much_o mortify_v at_o the_o answer_n of_o the_o magistrate_n but_o his_o mortification_n increase_v much_o on_o the_o 29_o of_o the_o same_o month_n that_o he_o be_v a_o eye-witness_n of_o their_o proclaim_v his_o competitor_n with_o all_o imaginable_a solemnity_n which_o be_v a_o great_a disappointment_n to_o his_o party_n who_o think_v to_o have_v have_v their_o rendezvous_n in_o that_o place_n they_o have_v also_o buy_v several_a piece_n of_o cannon_n and_o ammunition_n but_o the_o magistrate_n will_v not_o suffer_v they_o to_o be_v carry_v away_o and_o forbid_v the_o inhabitant_n upon_o pain_n of_o death_n to_o sell_v any_o arm_n or_o ammunition_n to_o stranger_n the_o primate_n come_v incognito_o to_o confer_v with_o his_o highness_n with_o five_o or_o six_o other_o gentleman_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n the_o king_n think_v fit_a to_o send_v circular_a letter_n to_o all_o the_o province_n of_o the_o kingdom_n as_o well_o to_o notify_v his_o coronation_n as_o to_o answer_v some_o calumny_n raise_v by_o his_o enemy_n the_o substance_n of_o those_o letter_n be_v that_o his_o majesty_n be_v by_o the_o free_a choice_n of_o the_o kingdom_n elect_v and_o crown_v king_n of_o poland_n he_o be_v concern_v to_o find_v there_o shall_v be_v any_o person_n so_o much_o enemy_n of_o their_o country_n as_o to_o go_v about_o to_o violate_v the_o right_n of_o the_o gentry_n and_o disturb_v the_o public_a peace_n that_o he_o understand_v they_o complain_v of_o his_o have_v possess_v himself_o of_o the_o castle_n of_o cracow_n and_o bring_v force_n into_o the_o kingdom_n but_o that_o he_o have_v do_v nothing_o therein_o but_o with_o the_o advice_n of_o the_o senator_n and_o great_a officer_n of_o the_o crown_n and_o that_o the_o troop_n he_o have_v with_o he_o be_v no_o more_o than_o be_v necessary_a for_o the_o security_n of_o his_o person_n that_o notwithstanding_o the_o unreasonable_a opposition_n of_o the_o adverse_a party_n he_o have_v use_v all_o endeavour_n to_o gain_v they_o by_o fair_a mean_n but_o the_o same_o not_o have_v have_v the_o effect_n he_o hope_v for_o his_o majesty_n place_n his_o confidence_n in_o the_o protection_n of_o almighty_n god_n and_o do_v not_o doubt_n but_o they_o who_o choose_v he_o king_n will_v be_v careful_a to_o maintain_v their_o own_o honour_n and_o liberty_n immediate_o after_o the_o coronation_n the_o castellan_n of_o cracow_n be_v send_v to_o the_o army_n who_o have_v receive_v the_o arrear_n due_a to_o they_o declare_v they_o be_v ready_a to_o obey_v his_o majesty_n order_n the_o primate_n have_v send_v some_o deputy_n to_o engage_v they_o to_o come_v over_o to_o his_o party_n but_o he_o have_v be_v inform_v at_o lemberg_fw-mi of_o the_o disposition_n of_o the_o troop_n they_o do_v not_o think_v fit_a to_o venture_v to_o go_v to_o the_o camp_n for_o fear_v the_o general_n shall_v proceed_v against_o they_o as_o public_a enemy_n thus_o stand_v the_o affair_n of_o poland_n towards_o the_o latter_a end_n of_o september_n 1697._o and_o notwithstanding_o the_o obstinacy_n of_o the_o primate_n and_o his_o party_n one_o may_v reasonable_o believe_v that_o the_o prince_n of_o conti_n will_v find_v himself_o disappoint_v his_o competitor_n have_v many_o great_a advantage_n over_o he_o for_o although_o one_o will_v suppose_v which_o be_v certain_o false_a that_o their_o party_n in_o the_o republic_n be_v equal_a yet_o the_o elector_n territory_n border_v upon_o poland_n and_o all_o the_o neighbour_a prince_n as_o sweden_n moscovy_n the_o emperor_n brandenburg_n etc._n etc._n have_v declare_v for_o he_o his_o party_n must_v needs_o prevail_v upon_o the_o prince_n of_o conti_n who_o have_v nothing_o to_o rely_v upon_o but_o the_o supply_n from_o france_n which_o will_v be_v very_o uncertain_a consider_v the_o distance_n from_o france_n to_o poland_n and_o the_o danger_n of_o the_o sea_n in_o this_o season_n of_o the_o year_n the_o reader_n do_v perhaps_o expect_v that_o we_o shall_v inquire_v which_o of_o the_o two_o election_n be_v conformable_a to_o the_o polish_v law_n or_o whether_o either_o of_o they_o may_v be_v say_v to_o be_v so_o which_o be_v neither_o improbable_a nor_o impossible_a but_o this_o inquity_n will_v

the_o borysihenes_n the_o water_n of_o which_o congeal_v to_o salt_n by_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n so_o that_o it_o may_v be_v break_v in_o piece_n and_o carry_v away_o in_o cart_n like_o ice_n but_o it_o melt_v immediate_o with_o rain_n the_o 34th_o be_v the_o palatin_n of_o pomerania_n who_o palatinate_n be_v in_o royal_a prussia_n the_o 35th_o be_v the_o palatin_n of_o minsk_n a_o city_n in_o the_o duchy_n of_o lithuania_n seat_v on_o the_o river_n suislocz_n the_o 36th_o be_v the_o palatin_n of_o czernichowia_fw-la a_o city_n of_o lithuania_n situate_v on_o the_o river_n derna_n this_o palatinat_a which_o be_v also_o a_o duchy_n be_v only_o a_o titular_a dignity_n have_v thus_o give_v a_o account_n of_o the_o 32_o palatine_n 3_o castellan_n and_o one_o starosta_n who_o be_v senator_n it_o may_v not_o improper_o be_v observe_v that_o though_o the_o quality_n of_o castellan_n and_o starosta_n be_v inferior_a to_o that_o of_o a_o palatin_n there_o be_v four_o of_o they_o who_o possess_v almost_o the_o first_o rank_n among_o the_o lay-senator_n i_o have_v already_o intimate_v the_o reason_n why_o the_o castellan_n of_o cracow_n be_v the_o first_o temporal_a senator_n and_o as_o for_o the_o other_o three_o it_o be_v probable_a that_o this_o precedency_n be_v grant_v they_o in_o recompense_n of_o some_o brave_a action_n which_o the_o castellan_n of_o those_o city_n have_v perform_v the_o office_n of_o a_o palatin_n be_v to_o lead_v the_o troop_n of_o his_o palatinate_n to_o the_o army_n to_o preside_v in_o the_o assembly_n of_o the_o nobility_n in_o his_o province_n to_o set_v a_o price_n upon_o merchandice_n and_o commodity_n to_o take_v care_n that_o the_o weight_n and_o measure_n be_v not_o alter_v and_o to_o judge_n and_o defend_v the_o jew_n he_o have_v a_o vice_n palatin_n under_o he_o who_o must_v take_v a_o oath_n to_o he_o and_o who_o ought_v to_o have_v a_o estate_n in_o land_n which_o they_o call_v possessionatus_n the_o castellan_n be_v the_o next_o in_o dignity_n to_o the_o palatine_n and_o there_o be_v two_o sort_n of_o they_o in_o the_o kingdom_n who_o be_v usual_o distinguish_v by_o the_o title_n of_o great_a castellan_n and_o petty_a or_o sub_fw-la castellan_n the_o number_n of_o the_o former_a both_o in_o the_o kingdom_n and_o duchy_n amount_v to_o 32_o and_o that_o of_o the_o latter_a to_o 49._o '_o will_v be_v equal_o tedious_a and_o unprofitable_a to_o give_v a_o particular_a account_n of_o they_o all_o and_o therefore_o i_o shall_v content_v myself_o with_o observe_v in_o the_o general_n that_o they_o be_v all_o senator_n lieutenant_n or_o deputy_n of_o the_o palatine_n and_o head_n of_o the_o nobility_n in_o their_o respective_a jurisdiction_n in_o the_o next_o place_n i_o shall_v proceed_v to_o mention_v the_o officer_n of_o state_n who_o be_v senator_n the_o first_o be_v the_o great_a marshal_n of_o the_o kingdom_n the_o second_o the_o great_a marshal_n of_o the_o duchy_n the_o three_o the_o chancellor_n of_o the_o kingdom_n the_o four_o the_o chancellor_n of_o the_o duchy_n the_o five_o the_o vicechancellor_n of_o the_o kingdom_n the_o six_o the_o vicechancellor_n of_o the_o duchy_n the_o seven_o the_o treasurer_n of_o the_o kingdom_n the_o eight_o the_o treasurer_n of_o the_o duchy_n the_o nine_o the_o sub-marshal_n or_o marshal_n of_o the_o court_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o the_o ten_o the_o sub-marshal_n or_o marshal_n of_o the_o court_n of_o the_o duchy_n these_o be_v all_o the_o member_n of_o the_o polish_v senate_n i_o have_v in_o another_o place_n give_v a_o sufficient_a account_n of_o the_o privilege_n and_o function_n of_o the_o officer_n mention_v here_o and_o therefore_o i_o shall_v conclude_v this_o chapter_n with_o observe_v that_o beside_o the_o four_o senator_n who_o ought_v always_o to_o attend_v the_o king_n and_o to_o assist_v he_o with_o their_o counsel_n in_o all_o deliberation_n and_o judgement_n all_o the_o other_o senator_n who_o be_v at_o court_n have_v also_o the_o privilege_n to_o assist_v in_o such_o case_n and_o all_o those_o who_o be_v present_a in_o council_n and_o consent_v to_o the_o decree_n or_o sentence_n be_v oblige_v to_o sign_n it_o not_o only_o in_o criminal_a but_o also_o in_o civil_a case_n that_o they_o may_v afterward_o be_v accountable_a for_o their_o proceed_n to_o the_o whole_a body_n of_o the_o republic_n chap._n xi_o of_o the_o order_n of_o the_o nobility_n or_o gentry_n the_o three_o order_n of_o the_o republic_n of_o poland_n be_v that_o of_o the_o nobility_n who_o be_v only_o capable_a of_o possess_v all_o the_o office_n and_o land_n both_o in_o the_o duchy_n and_o kingdom_n for_o all_o the_o peasant_n be_v slave_n and_o the_o burgher_n of_o town_n and_o city_n be_v only_o look_v upon_o as_o tradesman_n who_o can_v possess_v at_o most_o but_o some_o house_n in_o the_o city_n and_o the_o land_n about_o a_o league_n round_o they_o as_o for_o stranger_n how_o noble_a soever_o they_o may_v be_v in_o their_o own_o country_n and_o whatever_o service_n they_o have_v do_v in_o the_o army_n to_o the_o republic_n they_o can_v neither_o possess_v a_o estate_n nor_o rise_v to_o any_o high_a preferment_n than_o the_o command_n of_o a_o regiment_n of_o foot_n or_o at_o most_o the_o place_n of_o a_o major-general_n which_o be_v a_o office_n not_o much_o different_a from_o that_o of_o a_o brigadeer_n in_o france_n for_o the_o polander_n will_v never_o suffer_v that_o a_o stranger_n though_o never_o so_o expert_a in_o war_n shall_v have_v the_o general_a command_n of_o their_o army_n the_o nobility_n or_o gentry_n be_v the_o guardian_n of_o the_o law_n and_o liberty_n of_o the_o republic_n and_o the_o elector_n of_o their_o sovereign_n they_o bestow_v the_o crown_n and_o sceptre_n upon_o he_o and_o furnish_v he_o with_o minister_n and_o counsellor_n they_o make_v their_o own_o law_n and_o determine_v both_o their_o duty_n and_o privilege_n they_o be_v oblige_v to_o defend_v the_o right_n of_o their_o country_n against_o the_o encroachment_n of_o any_o aspire_a prince_n who_o ambition_n may_v carry_v his_o design_n beyond_o the_o limit_n prescribe_v to_o he_o by_o the_o law_n since_o the_o number_n of_o the_o gentry_n be_v so_o great_a that_o they_o can_v all_o assist_v at_o the_o general_a diet_n they_o choose_v deputy_n in_o the_o petty_a diet_n who_o they_o send_v to_o the_o general_a diet_n to_o preserve_v their_o ancient_a privilege_n and_o constitution_n and_o to_o contrive_v and_o enact_v new_a law_n for_o their_o security_n the_o polish_v gentry_n be_v general_o persuade_v that_o it_o be_v their_o interest_n to_o preserve_v a_o uninterrupted_a peace_n with_o their_o neighbour_n that_o they_o may_v be_v able_a to_o preserve_v all_o their_o province_n but_o it_o be_v plain_a from_o the_o event_n that_o they_o be_v extreme_o mistake_v in_o their_o politics_n for_o poland_n lie_v open_a on_o all_o side_n and_o be_v surround_v by_o so_o many_o enemy_n we_o may_v easy_o suppose_v that_o every_o one_o of_o they_o may_v find_v a_o opportunity_n to_o surprise_v some_o part_n of_o the_o kingdom_n before_o the_o people_n can_v put_v themselves_o in_o a_o posture_n of_o defence_n all_o that_o the_o king_n can_v do_v in_o such_o a_o juncture_n be_v to_o summon_v the_o nobility_n together_o to_o oppose_v the_o enemy_n which_o be_v the_o same_o with_o the_o arriere_n ban_n in_o france_n and_o be_v call_v the_o postpolite_n in_o poland_n upon_o such_o occasion_n it_o be_v to_o be_v observe_v that_o the_o king_n must_v send_v his_o circular_a letter_n thrice_o into_o each_o palatinate_n to_o assemble_v they_o that_o none_o be_v exempt_v from_o the_o service_n but_o the_o chancellor_n and_o the_o starosta_n of_o frontier_n place_n that_o the_o nobility_n of_o poland_n be_v not_o oblige_v to_o go_v above_o three_o league_n out_o of_o the_o kingdom_n that_o those_o of_o lithuania_n and_o prussia_n be_v not_o oblige_v to_o go_v out_o of_o the_o kingdom_n at_o all_o that_o the_o 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