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land_n	city_n	great_a	lord_n	2,295	5	3.5103	3	true

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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A51174	A true and exact account of the wars with Spain, in the reign of Q. Elizabeth (of famous memory) being the particulars of what happened between the English and Spanish fleets, from the years 1585 to 1602, shewing the expeditions, attempts, fights, designs, escapes, successes, errors, &c. on both sides : with the names of Her Majesty's ships and commanders in every fleet : being a patern and warning to future ages : never printed before / written by Sir William Monson ...	Monson, William, Sir, 1569-1643.	1682 (1682)	Wing M2466; ESTC R2957	60,871	57

sprang a loof thinkink to escape but the Earl pursued her with the loss of some Time when he should have followed the Fleet and therefore was desired to desist from that Chase by Sir William Monson who sent his Boat to him By a Shot from my Lord this Frigat was surk and while his Men were rifling her Sir Francis Vere and Sir William Brook came up in their two Ships who the Spaniards would have made us believe were two Gallions of theirs and so much did my Lord signifie to Sir William Monson wishing him to stay their coming up for that there would be greater hope of those two Ships which there was no doubt but we were able to Master than of the Fleet for which we were too weak But after Sir William had made the two Ships to be the Queen's which he ever suspected them to be he began to pursue the Spanish Fleet afresh but by reason they were so far a Head of him and had so little way to sail they recovered the Road of Tercera but he and the rest of the Ships pursued them and himself led the way into the Harbor where he found sharp Resistance from the Castle but yet so battered the Ships that he might see the Masts of some shot by the Board and the men quit the Ships so that there wanted nothing but a Gale of Wind to enable him to cut the Cables of the Hawsers and to bring them off Wherefore he sent to the other 3 great Ships of ours to desire them to attempt the cutting their Cables but Sir Fra. Vere rather wished his coming off that they might take a Resolution what to do This must be rather imputed to want of Experience than Backwardness in him For Sir William sent him word that if he quitted the Harbor the Ships would tow near the Castle and as the Night drew on the Wind would freshen and come more off the Land which indeed proved so and we above a League from the Road in the morning We may say and that truly there was never that possibility to have undone the State of Spain as now For every Royal of Plate we had taken in this Fleet had been two to them by our converting it by War upon them None of the Captains could be blamed in this Business All is to be attributed to the want of Experience in my Lord and his flexible Nature to be over-ruled For the first hour he anchored at Flores and called a Council Sir William Monson advised him upon the reason following after his Watering to run West spreading his Fleet North and South so far as the Eastern Wind that then blew would carry them alleadging that if the Indian Fleet came home that Year by computation of the last light Moon from which time their disimboguing in the Indies must be reckoned they could not be above 200 Leagues short of that Island and whensoever the Wind should chop up Westernly he bearing a slack Sail they would in a few days overtake him This Advice my Lord seemed to take but was diverted by divers Gentlemen who coming principally for Land Service found themselves tired by the tediousness of the Sea Certain it is if my Lord had followed his Advice within less than 40 hours he had made the Queen owner of that Fleet For by the Pilot's Card which was taken in the Frigat the Spanish Fleet was but 50 Leagues in traverse with that Eastern Wind when my Lord was at Flores which made my Lord wish the first time Sir William Monson repaired to him after the Escape of the Fleet that he had lost his Hand so he had been ruled by him Being met Aboard Sir Francis Vere we consulted what to do and resolved to acquaint my Lord with what had happened desiring his Presence with us to see if there were any possibility to attempt the Shipping or surprize the Island and so to possess the Treasure My Lord received this Advertisement just as he was ready with his Troops to have landed in St. Michaels but this Message diverted his Landing and made him presently cast about for the Islands of the Tercera's where we lay all this while expecting his coming In his Course from St. Michaels it was his hap to to take three Ships that departed the Havana the day after the Fleet Which three Ships did more than countervail the whole Voyage At my Lord's meeting with us at Tercera there was a Consultation how the Enemies Ships might be fetched off or destroyed as they lay but all men with one consent agreed the impossibility of it The attempting the Island was propounded but withstood for these reasons the difficulty in Landing the strength of the Island which was increased by fourteen or fifteen Hundred Souldiers in the Ships and our want of Victuals to abide by the Siege Seeing then we were frustrate of our Hopes at the Tercera we resolved upon landing in St. Michaels and arrived the day following at Punta Delgada the Chief City Here my Lord imbarqued his small Army in Boats with offer to Land and having thereby drawn the Enemies greatest Force thither to resist him suddainly he rowed to Villa Franca three or four Leagues distant from thence which not being defended by the Enemy he took The Ships had order to abide in the Road of Delgada for that my Lord made account to march thither by Land but being on Shore at Villa Franca he was informed that the March was impossible by reason of the high and craggy Mountains which diverted his purpose Victuals now grew short with us and my Lord General began discreetly to foresee the danger in abiding towards Winter upon these Coasts which could not afford him an Harbor only open Roads that were subject to Southern Winds and upon every such Wind he must put to Sea for his safety He considered that if this should happen when his Troops were on Shore and he not able to reach the Land in a Fortnight or more which is a thing ordinary what a desperate case he should put himself into especially in so great a want of Victuals And so concluding that he had seen the end of all his Hopes by the Escape of the Fleet he imbarqued himself and Army though with some difficulty the Seas were now grown so high By this time the one half of the Fleet that rid in Punta Delgada put room for Villa Franca and those that remained behind being thought by a Ship of Brazile to be the Spanish Fleet she came in amongst them and so was betrayed After her there followed a Carreck who had been served in the like manner but for the hasty and indiscreet weighing of a Hollander which made her run a Shore under the Castle when the Wind lessened Sir William Monson weighed with the Rainbow thinking to give an Attempt upon her notwithstanding the Castle which she perceiving as he drew near unto her she set her self on fire and burned down to the very Keel She was a

Merchant-men that lay there and were ready bound for the Indies These Intelligences were of great moment and made the Generals presently to contrive their business both by Sea and Land which otherwise would have taken up a longer time after their coming thither and whether all men would have consented to attempt their Ships in Harbor if they had not known the most part of them to consist of Merchants I hold very doubtful The Fourth and fortunatest of all was the taking of the Fly-boat by the John and Francis which the Swan let go For if she had reached Lisbon she had been able to make report of the number and greatness of our Ships and might have endangered the loss of the whole Design she seeing the course we bore and that we had passed Lisbon which was the place the Enemy most suspected and made there his greatest preparation for Defence But had the Enemy been freed of that doubt he had then no place to fear but Andulozia and Cadiz above the rest which upon the lest warning might have been strengthned and we put to great Hazard he might also have secured his Ships by towing them out with Gallies and howsoever the Wind had been might have sent them into the Streights where it had been in vain to have pursued them or over the Bar of St. Lucar where it had been in vain to have attempted them And indeed of the good and ill of Intelligence we had had sufficient experience formerly Of the good in 1588. For how suddainly had we been taken and surprized when it we lest suspected had it not been for Captain Flemming Of the ill in the year before this by the Spaniards taking a Barque of Sir Francis Drake's Fleet which was the Occasion of the Overthrow of himself and the whole Action The 20th of June we came to Cadiz earlier in the morning than the Masters made reckoning of Before our coming thither it was determined in Council that we should land at St. Sebastians the Westermost part of the Land and thither came all the Ships to an Anchor every man preparing to land as he was formerly directed but the Wind being so great and the Sea so grown and four Gallies lying too to intercept our Boats there was no attempting to land there without the hazard of all This day was spent in vain in returning Messengers from one General to another and in the end they were forced to resolve upon a Course which Sir William Monson Captain under my Lord of Essex advised him to the same morning he discovered the Town which was to surprize the Ships and to be possessors of the Harbor before they attempted landing This being now resolved on there arose a great Question who should have the Honor of the first going in My Lord of Essex stood for himself but my Lord Admiral opposed it knowing if he miscarried it would hazard the Overthrow of the Action besides he was streightly charged by Her Majesty that the Earl should not expose himself to Danger but upon great necessity When my Lord of Essex could not prevail the whole Council withstanding him he sent Sir William Monson that night on Board my Lord Admiral to resolve what Ships should be appointed the next day to undertake the Service Sir Walter Rawleigh had the Vaward given him which my Lord Thomas Howard hearing challenged in right of his place of Vice-admiral and it was granted him but Sir Walter having Order over night to ply in came first to an Anchor but in that distance from the Spaniards as he could not annoy them And he himself returned on Board the Lord General Essex to excuse his coming to Anchor so far off for want of Water to go higher which was thought strange that the Spaniards which drew much more Water and had no more Advantage than he of Tide could pass where his could not But Sir Francis Vere in the Rainbow who was appointed to second him passing by Sir Walter Rawleigh his Ship Sir Walter the second time weighed and went higher The Lord General Essex who promised to keep in the midst of the Fleet was told by Sir William Monson that the greatest Service would depend upon three or four Ships and Sir William put him in mind of his Honor for that many Eyes beheld him This made him forgetful of his Promise and to use all means he could to be formost in the Fight My Lord Howard who could not go up in his own Ship the Mere honor betook himself to the Nonperil and in respect the Rainbow the Repulse and Warspight had taken up the best of the Channel by their first coming to an Anchor to his grief he could not get higher Here did every Ship strive to be the headmost but such was the narrowness of the Channel as neither the Lord Admiral nor any other Ship of the Queens could pass on There was Commandment given that no Ship should shoot but the Queens making account that the Honor would be the greater if the Victory were obtained with so few This Fight continued from Ten till Four in the Afternoon The Spaniards then set Sail thinking either to run higher up the River or else to bring their other Broad Sides to us because of the heat of their Ordnance but howsoever it was in their floating they came a ground and the men began to forsake the Ships Whereupon there was Commandment given that all the Hoys and Vessels that drew least Water should go unto them Sir William Monson was sent in the Repulse Boat with like directions We possess'd our selves of the great Gallions the Matthew and the Andrew but the Philip and Thomas fired themselves and were burnt down before they could be quenched I must not omit to describe the manner of the Spanish Ships and Gallies riding in Harbor at our first coming to Cadiz The four Gallions singled themselves from out the Fleet as Guards of their Merchants The Gallies were placed to flank us with their Prows before Entry but when they saw our Approach the next morning the Merchants ran up the River and the Men of War of Port Royal to the Point of the River brought themselves into a good Order of Fight moving their Ships a Head and a Stern to have their Broad Sides upon us The Gallies then betook themselves to the Guard of the Town which we put them from before we attempted the Ships The Victory being obtained at Sea the L. General Essex landed his men in a Sandy Bay which the Castle of Poyntull commanded but they seeing the Success of their Ships and mistrusting their own strength neither offered to offend his Landing nor to defend the Castle but quitted it and so we became Possessors of it After my Lord 's peeceable Landing he considered what was to be done and there being no place from whence the Enemy could annoy us but the Bridge of Swasoe which leadeth over from the main Land to the Island by our making good

of which Bridge there would be no way left for the Gallies to escape us He sent three Regiments under the Command of Sir Conniers Clifford Sir Christopher Blunt and Sir Thomas Garret to the Bridge who at their first coming were encountred by the Enemy but yet possess'd themselves of it with the loss of some men but whether it was for want of Victuals or for what other reasons our men quitted it I know not and the Gallies breaking down divers Arches pass'd it and by that means escaped My Lord dispatched a Messenger to my Lord Admiral intreating him to give Order to attempt the Merchants that rode in Port Royal for that it was dangerous to give them a Night's respite lest they should convey away their Wealth or take example by the Philip and Thomas to burn themselves This Message was delivered by Sir Anthony Ashley and Sir William Monson as my Lord Admiral was in his Boat ready with his Toops of Seamen to land fearing the Lord General Essex should be put to Distress with his small Companies which were but three Regiments hastened by all means to second him and gave order to certain Ships the next day to pursue him Seeing I have undertaken to shew the Escapes committed in any of our English Voyages such as were committed here shall without Fear or Flattery appear to the Judicious Reader Though the Earl of Essex his Carriage and Forwardness merited much yet if it had been with more Advisement and less Haste it would have succeeded better And if he were now living he would confess Sir William Monson advised him rather to seek to be Master to the Ships than of the Town for it was that would afford both Wealth and Honor For the Riches in Ships could not be concealed or conveyed away as in Towns they might And the Ships themselves being brought for England would be always before mens Eyes there and put them in remembrance of the greatness of the Exploit as for the Town perhaps it might be soon won but probably not long enjoyed and so quickly forgotten And to speak indifferentiy by the Earl's suddain Landing without the Lord Admirals Privity and his giving Advice by a Message to attempt the Ships which should have been resolved of upon mature Deliberation no doubt the Lord Admiral found his Honor a little Eclipsed which perhaps hastened his Landing for his Reputation sake whenas he thought it more advisable to have possess'd himself of their Fleet. Before the Lord Admiral could draw near the Town the Earl of Essex had entred it and although the Houses were built in that manner as that every House served for a Platform yet they were forc'd to quit them and to retire into the Castle My Lord at last in despite of the Enemy gained the Market place where he found greatest Resistance from the Houses thereabouts and where it was that that Worthy Gentleman Sir John Wingfield was unluckily slain The Lord General Essex caused it to be proclaimed by Beat of Drum through the Town that all that would yield should repair to the Town-House where they should have promise of Mercy and those that would not to expect no Favor The Castle desired Respite to consider untill the morning following and then by one general Consent they surrend'red themselves to the two Lord Generals Mercies The Chief Prisoners Men and Women were brought into the Castle where they remained a little space and were sent away with Honorable Usage The noble treating of the Prisoners hath gained an everlasting Honor to our Nation and the General 's in particular It cannot be supposed the Lord Generals had leisure to be idle the day following having so great business to consider of as the securing the Town and enjoying the Merchants Ships Wherefore for the speedier dispatch they had Speech with the best men of the City about the Ransom to be given for their Town and Liberties 120000 Duckets was the Summ concluded on and for Security thereof many of them became Hostages There was likewise an Overture for the Ransom of their Ships and Goods which the Duke of Medina hearing of rather than we should reap any profit by them he caused them to be fired We found by Experience that the destroying of this Fleet which did amount to the value of six or seven Millions was the general impoverishing of the whole Country For when the Pledges sent to Sevil to take up money for their Redemption they were answered that all the Town was not able to raise such a Summ their Loss was so great by the loss of their Fleet. And to speak truth Spain never received so great an Overthrow so great a Spoil so great an Indignity at our Hands as this For our Attempt was at his own Home in his Port that he thought as safe as his Chamber where we took and destroy'd his Ships of War burnt and consumed the Wealth of his Merchants sack'd his City ransomed his Subjects and entred his Country without Impeachment To write all Accidents of this Voyage were too tedious and would weary the Reader but he that would desire to know the Behavior of the Spaniards as well as of us many confer with divers English men that were redeemed out the Gallies in exchange for others and brought into England After we had enjoyed the Town of Cadiz a Fortnight and our men were grown rich by the Spoil of it the Generals imbarqued their Army with an intent to perform greater Services before their Return but such was the Covetousness of the better Sort who were inriched there and the fear of Hunger in others who complained for want of Victuals as they could not willingly be drawn to any farther Action to gain more Reputation The only thing that was afterwards attempted was Pharoah a Town of Algarula in Portugal a place of no Resistance or Wealth only famous by the Library of Osorius who was Bishop of that place which Library was brought into England by us and many of the Books bestowed upon the new erected Library of Oxford Some Prisoners were taken but of small account who told us that the greatest Strength of the Country was in Lawgust the chief Town of Argarula twelve miles distant from thence because most part of the Gentlemen thereabouts were gone thither to make it good expecting our coming This News was acceptable to my Lord of Essex who preferred Honor before Wealth And having had his Will and the Spoil of the Town of Pharoah and Country thereabouts He Shipped his Army and took Council of the Lord Admiral how to proceed My Lord Admiral diverted his course for Lawgust alleadging the place was strong of no Wealth always held in the nature of a Fisher-Town belonging to the Portugals who in their Hearts were our Friends that the winning of it after so eminent a place as Cadiz could add no Honor though it should be carried yet it would be the Loss of his best Troops and Gentlemen who would rather to

Course into 36 Degrees there to spread our selves North and South it being a heighth that commonly the Spaniards sail in from the Indies At this time the Lord General complained of a Leak in his Ship and two days after towards midnight he brought himself upon the Lee to stop it Sir Walter Rawleigh and some other Ships being a head the Fleet and it growing dark they could not discern the Lord General 's Working but stood their Course as before directed and through this unadvised working of my Lord they lost him and his Fleet. The day following Sir Walter Rawleigh was informed by a Pinnace he met that the great Armado which we supposed to be in the Groyn and Ferrol was gone to the Islands for the Guard of the Indian Fleet. This Pinnace with this Intelligence it gave us Sir Walter Rawleigh immediately sent to look out the General My Lord had no sooner received this Advice but at the very instant he directed his Course to the Islands and dispatched some small Vessels to Sir Walter Rawleigh to inform him of the suddain Alteration of his Course upon the News received from him commanding him with all Expedition to repair to Flores where he would not fail to be at our Arrival At the Islands we found this Intelligence utterly False For neither the Spanish Ships were there nor were expected there We met likewise with divers English men that came out of the Indies but they could give us no assurance of the coming home of the Fleet neither could we recive any Advertisement from the Shore which made us half in despair of them By that time we had watered our Ships and refreshed our selves at Flores Sir Walter Rawleigh arrived there who was willed by the Lord General after he was furnished of such Wants as that poor Island afforded to make his repair to the Island of Fayal which my Lord intended to take Here grew great Questions and Heart-burnings against Sir Walter Rawleigh For he coming to Fayal and missing the Lord General and yet knowing my Lord's Resolution to take the Island he held it more advisable to land with those Forces he had than to expect the coming of my Lord For in that space the Island might be better provided whereupon he landed and took it before my Lord's approach This Act was held such an Indignity to my Lord and urged with that Vehemence by those that hated Sir Walter that if my Lord though naturally kind and flexible had not feared how it would have been taken in England I think Sir Walter had smarted for it From this Island we went to Graciosa which did willingly relieve our Wants as far as it could yet with humble intreaty to forbear landing with our Army especially because they understood there was a Squadron of Hollanders amongst us who did not use to forbear Cruelty wherever they came and here it was that we met the Indian Fleet which in manner following unluckily escaped us The Lord General having sent some men of good Account into the Island to see there should be no Injury offered to the Portugals he having passed his word to the contrary those men advertised him of four Sail of Ships descried from the Shore and one of them greater than the rest seemed to be a Carreck My Lord received this News with great Joy and divided his Fleet into three Squadrons to be commanded by himself the Lord Thomas Howard and Sir Walter Rawleigh The next Ship to my Lord of the Queen's was the Rainbow wherein Sir William Monson went who received direction from my Lord to steer away South that Night and if he should meet with any Fleet to follow them carrying Lights or shooting off his Ordnances or making any other Sign that he could and if he met with no Ships to direct his Course the next day to the Island of St. Michael but promising that Night to send 12 Ships after him Sir William besought my Lord by the Pinnace that brought him this Direction that above all things he should have a care to dispatch a Squadron to the Road of Angra in the Tercera's For it was certain if they were Spaniards thither they would resort Whilst my Lord was thus contriving his Business and ordering his Squadrons a small Barque of his Fleet happened to come to him who assured him that those Ships discovered from the Land were of his own Fleet and that they came in immediately from them This made my Lord countermand his former Direction only Sir William Monson who was the next Ship to him and received the first Command could not be recalled back Within three hours of his Departure from my Lord which might be about 12 of the Clock he fell in company of a Fleet of 25 Sail which at the first he could not assure himself to be Spaniards because the day before that number of Ships was missing from our Fleet. Here he was in a Dilemma and great perplexity with himself for in making Signs as he was directed if the Ships proved English it were ridiculous and he would be exposed to scorn and to respite it untill morning were as dangerous if they were the Indian Fleet For then my Lord might be out of View or of the hearing of his Ordnance Therefore he resolved rather to put his Person than his Ship in Peril He commanded his Master to keep the Weather-Gage of the Fleet whatsoever should become of him and it blowing little Wind he betook himself to his Boat and rowed up with the Fleet demanding of whence they were They answered of Sevil in Spain and asked of whence he was He told them of England and that the Ship in fight was a Gallion of the Queen 's of England single and alone alleadging the Honor they would get by winning her his Drift being to draw and entice them into the Wake of our Fleet where they would be so entangled as they could not escape they returned him some Shot and ill Language but would not alter their Course to the Tercera's whither they were bound and where they arrived to our misfortune Sir William Monson returned aboard his Ship making Signs with Lights and Report with his Ordnance but all in vain For my Lord altering his Course as you have heard stood that Night to St. Michaels and passed by the North side of Tercera a farther way than if he had gone by the way of Augra where he had met the Indian Fleet. When day appeared and Sir William Monson was in hope to find the 12 Ships promised to be sent to him he might discern the Spanish Fleet two miles and a little more a Head him and a Stern him a Gallion and a Pinnace betwixt them which putting forth her Flaggs he knew to be the Earl of Southampton in the Garland The Pinnace was a Frigat of the Spanish Fleet who took the Garland and the Rainbow to be Gallions of theirs but seeing the Flag of the Garland she found her Error and