Tattanour bravely situate for all conveniences excellently well watered The Kings Palace stands on the East corner of the City as is customary in this Land for the Kings Palaces to stand This City is three-square like a Triangle but no artificial strength about it unless on the South side which is the easiest and openest way to it they have long since cast up a Bank of Earth cross the Valley from one Hill to the other which nevertheless is not so steep but that a man may easily go over it any where It may be some twenty foot in height In every Way to come to this City about two or three miles off from it are Thorn-Gates and Watches to examine all that go and come It is environed round with Hills The great River coming down from Adams Peak runs within less than a mile of it on the West side It has oftentimes been burnt by the Portuguez in their former Invasions of this Island together with the Kings Palace and the Temples Insomuch that the King has been fain to pay them a Tribute of three Elephants per annum The King left this City about Twenty Years ago and never since has come at it So that it is now quite gone to decay A second City is Nellemby-neur lying in Oudipollat South of Cande some Twelve miles distance Unto this the King retired and here kept his Court when he forsook Candy Thirdly The City Allout-neur on the North East of Cande Here this King was bornâ— here also he keeps great store of Corn and Salt c. against time of War or Trouble This is Situate in the Countrey of Bintan which Land I have never been at but have taken a view of from the top of a Mountain it seems to be smooth Land and not much hilly the great River runneth through the midst of it It is all over covered with mighty Woods and abundance of Deer But much subject to dry Weather and Sickness In these Woods is a sort of Wild People Inhabiting whom we shall speak of in their place Fourthly Badoula Eastward from Cande some two dayes Iourney the second City in this Land The Portugals in time of War burnt it down to the ground The Palace here is quite ruined the Pagodas onely remain in good repair This City stands in the Kingdom or Province of Ouvah which is a Countrey well watered the Land not smooth neither the Hills very high wood very scarce but what they plant about their Houses But great plenty of Cattle their Land void of wood being the more apt for grazing If theâ—e Cattle be carried to any other Parts in this Island they will commonly dye the reason whereof no man can tell onely they conjecture it is occasioned by a kind of small Tree or Shrub that grows in all Countreys but in Ouvah the Touch or Scent of which may be Poyson to the Ouvah Cattel though it is not so to other The Tree hath a pretty Physical smell like an Apothecaries Shop but no sort of Cattle will eat it In this Cuontry grows the best Tobacco that is on this Land Rice is more plenty here then most other things The fifth City is Digligy-neur towards the East of Cande lying in the Country of Hevahatt Where the King ever since he was routed from Nellemby in the Rebellion Anno 1664. hath held his Court. The scituation of this place is very Rocky and Mountainous the Lands Barren So that hardly a worse place could be found out in the whole Island Yet the King chose it partly because it lyes about the middle of his Kingdom but chiefly for his safety having the great Mountain Gauluda behind his Palace unto which he fled for Safety in the Rebellion being not only high but on the top of it lye three Towns and Corn Fields whence he may have necessary supplies and it is so fenced with steep Cliffs Rocks and Woods that a few men here will be able to defend themselves against a great Army There are besides these already mentioned several other ruinous places that do still retain the name of Cities where Kings have Reigned tho now little Foot-steps remaining of them At the North end of this Kings Dominions is one of these Ruinous Cities called Anurodgburro where they say Ninety Kings have Reigned the Spirits of whom they hold now to be Saints in Glory having merited it by making Pagoda's and Stone Pillars and Images to the honour of their Gods whereof there are many yet remaining which the Chingulayes count very meritorious to worship and the next way to Heaven Near by is a River by which we came when we made our escape all along which is abundance of hewed stones some long for Pillars some broad for paving Over this River there have been three Stone Bridges built upon Stone Pillars but now are fallen down and the Countrey all desolate without Inhabitants At this City of Anurodgburro is a Watch kept beyond which are no more people that yield obedience to the King of Candy This place is above Ninety miles to the Northward of the City of Candy In these Northern Parts there are no Hills nor but two or three Springs of running water so that their Corn ripeneth with the help of Rain There is a Port in the Countrey of Portaloon lying on the West side of this Island whence part of the Kings Countrey is supplyed with Salt and Fish where they have some small Trade with the Dutch who have a Fort upon the Point to prevent Boats from coming But the Eastern Parts being too far and Hilly to drive Cattel thither for Salt Gods Providence hath provided them a place on the East side nearer them which in their Language they call Leawava Where the Eastwardly Winds blowing the Sea beats in and in Westwardly Winds being then fair weather there it becomes Salt and that in such abundance that they have as much as they please to fetch This Place of Leawava is so contrived by the Providence of the Almighty Creator that neither the Portuguez nor Dutch in all the time of their Wars could ever prevent this People from having the benefit of this Salt which is the principal thing that they esteem in time of Trouble or War and most of them do keep by them a store of Salt against such times It is as I have heard environed with Hills on the Land side and by Sea not convenient for Ships to ride and very sickly which they do impute to the power of a great God who dwelleth near by in a Town they call Cotteragâ—m standing in the Road to whom all that go to fetch Salt both small and great must give an Offering The Name and Power of this God striketh such terror into the Chingulayes that those who otherwise are Enemies to this King and have served both Portuguez and Dutch against him yet would never assist either to make Invasions
a small Profession as perceiving that there is a greater God than those that they thro long custom have and do Worship And therefore when an Impostor a Bastard Moor by Nation born in that Land came and publickly set up a new nameless God as he styled him and that he was sent to destroy the Temples of their Gods the King opposed it not for a good while as waiting to see which of these Gods would prevail until he saw that he aimed to make himself King then he allowed of him no longer as I shall shew more at large hereafter when I come to speak of the Religion of the Countrey The Christian Religion he doth not in the least persecute or dislike but rather as it seems to me esteems and honours it As a sign of which take this passage When his Sister died for whom he had a very dear Affection there was a very grievous Mourning and Lamentation made for her throughout the whole Nation all Mirth and Feasting laid aside and all possible signs of sorrow exprest and in all probability it was as much as their lives were worth who should at this time do any thing that might look like joy This was about Christmas The Dutch did notwithstanding adventure to keep their Christmas by Feasting The News of this was brought to the King And every body reckoned it would go hard with the Dutch for doing this But because it was done at a Festival of their Religion the King past it by and took no notice of it The Value also that he has for the Christian Religion will appear from the respect he gives the Professors of it as will be seen afterwards CHAP. III. Of the King's Tyrannical Reign WEE have all this while considered this King with respect unto his Person Temper and Inclinations now we will speak of him with more immediate respect unto his Office and Government as he is a King And here we will discourse of the manner of his Government of his Treasure and Revenues of his Great Officers and lastly of his Strength and Wars As to the manner of his Government it is Tyrannical and Arbitrary in the highest dâ—gree For he ruleth Absolute and after his own Will and Pleasure his own Head being his only Counsellor The Land all at his Disposal and all the People from the highest to the lowest Slaves or very lâ—kâ— Slaves both in Body and Goods wholly at his Command Neither wants He those three Virtues of a Tyrant Iealousie Dissimulation and Cruelty But because Policy is a necessary endowment of a Prince I will first shew in an instance or two that he is not devoid of it The Countrey being wholly His the King Farms out his Land not for Money but Service And the People enjoy Portions of Land from the King and instead of Rent they have their several appointmentsâ— some are to serve the King in his Wars some in their Trades somâ—â—erve him for Labourers and others are as Farmers to furnish his House with the Fruits of the Ground and so all things are done without Cost and every man paid for his pains that is they have Lands for it yet all have not watered Land enough for their needs that is such Land as good Rice requires to grow in so that such are fain to sow on dry Land and Till other mens Fields for a subsistence These Persons are free â—rom payment of Taxes only sometimes upon extraordinary occasions they must give an Hen or Mat or such like to the King's use for as much as they uâ—e the Wood and Water that is in his Countrey But if any find the Duty to be heavy or too much for them they may leaving their House and Land be free from the King's Service as there is a Multitude do And in my judgment they live far more at ease after they have relinquished the King's Land than when they had it Many Towns are in the King's hand the Inhabitants whereof are to Till and Manure a quantity of the Land according to their Ability and lay up the Corn for the King's use These Towns the King often bestows upon some of his Nobles for their Encouragement and Maintenance with all the fruits and benefits that before came to the King from them In each of these Towns there is a Smith to make and mend the Tools of them to whom the King hath granted them and a Potter to fit them with Earthen Ware and a Washer to wash their Cloaths and other men to supply what there is need of And each one of these haâ—h a piece of Land for this their Service whether it be to the King or the Lord but what they do for the other People they are paid for Thus all that have any Place or Employment under the King are paid without any Charge to the King His great Endeavour is to Secure himself from Plots and Conspiracies of his People who are sorely weary of his tyrannical Government over them and do oâ—ten Plot to make away with him but by his subtilty and good fortune together he prevents them And for this purpose he is very Vigilant in the Night the noise of Trumpets and Drums which he appoints at every Watch hinders both himself and all others from sleeping In the Night also he commonly does most of his Business calling Embassadors before him and reading the Letters also displacing some of his Courtiers and promoting others and giving Sentence to execute those whom he would have to live no longer and many times Commands to lay hold on and carry away great and Noble men who until that instant knew not that they were out of his favour His Policy is to make his Countrey as intricate and difficult to Travel as may be and therefore forbids the Woods to be felled especially those that divide Province from Province and permits no Bridges to be made over his Rivers nor the Paths to be made wider He often employs his People in vast works and that will require years to finish that he may inure them to Slavery and prevent them from Plotting against him as haply they might do if they were at better leisure Therefore he approves not that his People should be idle but always finds one thing or other to be done tho the work be to little or no purpose According to the quantity of the work so he will appoint the People of one County or of two to come in and the Governor of the said County or Counties to be Overseer of the Work At such times the Soldiers must lay by their Swords and work among the People These works are either digging down Hills and carrying the Earth to fill up Valleys thus to enlarge his Court which standeth between two Hills a more uneven and unhandsom spot of ground he could not well have found in all his Kingdom or else making ways for the Water to run into the Pond and elsewhere for his use
fruit upon any that might ask or desire it But before this dedicated fruit is lawful for them to use they must carry some of it to the Temple This for certain I can affirm That oftentimes the Devil doth cry with an audible Voice in the Night 't is very shrill almost like the barking of a Dog This I have often heard my self but never heard that he did any body any harm Only this observation the Inhabitants of the Land have made of this Voice and I have made it also that either just before or very suddenly after this Voice the King always cuts off People To believe that this is the Voice of the Devil these reasons urge because there is no Creature known to the Inhabitants that cry like it and because it will on a sudden depart from one place and make a noise in another quicker than any fowl could fly and because the very Dogs will tremble and shake when they hear it and 't is so accounted by all the People This Voice is heard only in Cande Vda and never in the Low Lands When the Voice is near to a Chingulaye's house he will curse the Devil calling him Geremoi goulammah Beef-eating Slave be gone be damned cut his Nose off beat him a pieces And such like words of Railery and this they will speak aloud with noise and passion and threatning This Language I have heard them bestow upon the Voice and the Voice upon this always ceaseth for a while and seems to depart being heard at a greater distance When smaller Devils do fail them they repair unto the great one Which they do after this manner They prepare an Offering of Victuals ready dressed one dish whereof is always a red Cock Which they do as frequently offer to the Devil as Papists do Wax-Candles to Saints This Offering they carry out into a remote place in the Woods and prostrate it to the honour and service of the Grand Devil before which there are men in an horrible disguise like Devils with Bells about their Legs and Doublets of a strange fashion dancing and singing to call if it were possible the Devil himself to come and eat of the Sacrifices they have brought the sick Party is all the while present I have hitherto spoke of their ordinary and daily Worship and their private and occasional Devotions besides these they have their solemn and annual Festivals Now of these there are two sorts some belonging to their Gods that govern the Earth and all things referring to this life and some belonging to the Buddou whose Province is to take care of the Soul and future well-being of Men. I shall first mention the Festivals of the former sort They are two or three That they may therefore honour these Gods and procure their aid and assistance they do yearly in the Month of Iune or Iuly at a New Moon observe a solemn Feast and general Meeting called Perahar but none are compelled and some go to one Pagoda and some to another The greatest Solemnity is performed in the City of Cande but at the same time the like Festival or Perahar is observed in divers other Cities and Towns of the Land The Perahar at Cande is ordered after this manner The Priest bringeth forth a painted stick about which strings of Flowers are hanged and so it is wrapped in branched Silk some part covered and some not before which the People bow down and worship each one presenting him with an Offering according to his free will These free-will Offerings being received from the People the Priest takes his painted stick on his Shoulder having a Cloth tied about his mouth to keep his breath from defiling this pure piece of Wood and gets up upon an Elephant all covered with white Cloth upon which he rides with all the Triumph that King and Kingdom can afford thro all the Streets of the City But before him go first some Forty or Fifty Elephants with brass Bells hanging on each side of them which tingle as they go Next follow men dressed up like Gyants which go dancing along agreeable to a Tradition they have that anciently there were huge men that could carry vast Burthens and pull up Trees by the Roots c. After them go a great multitude of Drummers and Trumpetters and Pipers which make such a great and loud noise that nothing else besides them can be heard Then followeth a Company of Men dancing along and after these Women of such Casts or Trades as are necessary for the service of the Pagoda as Potters and Washer-women each cast goeth in Companies by themselves three and three in a row holding one another by the hand and between each Company go Drummers Pipers and Dancers After these comes an Elephant with two Priests on his back one whereof is the Priest before spoken of carrying the painted stick on his Shoulder who represents Allout neur Dio that is the God and Maker of Heaven and Earth The other sits behind him holding a round thing like an Vmbrello over his head to keep off Sun or Rain Then within a yard after him on each hand of him follow two other Elephants mounted with two other Priests with a Priest sitting behind each holding Vmbrello's as the former one of them represents Cotteragom Dio and the other Potting Dio. These three Gods that ride here in Company are accounted of all other the greatest and chiefest each one having his residence in a several Pagoda Behind go their Cook-women with things like whisks in their hands to scare away flies from them but very fine as they can make themselves Next after the Gods and their Attendance go some Thousands of Ladies and Gentlewomen such as are of the best sort of the Inhabitants of the Land arrayed in the bravest manner that their Ability can afford and so go hand in hand three in a row At which time all the Beauties on Zelone in their Bravery do go to attend upon their Gods in their Progress about the City Now are the Streets also all made clean and on both sides all along the Streets Poles stuck up with Flags and Pennons hanging at the tops of them and adorned with boughs and branches of Coker Nut-Trees hanging like Fringes and lighted Lamps all along on both sides of the Streets both by day and night Last of all go the Commanders sent from the King to see these Ceremonies decently performed with their Soldiers after them And in this manner they ride all round about the City once by day and once by night This Festival lasts from the New Moon until the Full Moon Formerly the King himself in Person used to ride on Horseback with all his Train before him in this Solemnity but now he delights not in these Shows Always before the Gods set out to take their Progress they are set in the Pagoda-Door a good while that the People may come to worship and bring their Offerings unto them during which
Boar. CHAP. VII Of their Birds Fish Serpents and Commodities THeir Birds Such as will be taught to speak Such as are beautiful for Colour A strange Bird. Water-Fowls resembling Ducks and Swans Peacocks The King keeps Fowl Their Fish How they catch them in Ponds And how in Rivers Fish kept and fed for the King's Pleasure Serpents The Pimberah of a prodigious bigness The Polonga The Noya The Fable of the Noya and Polonga â— The Carowala Gerendo Hickanella Democulo a great Spider Kobbera-guson a Creature like an Aligator Tolla-guion The people eat Rats Precoius Stones Minerals and other Commodities The People discouraged from Industry by the Tyranny they are under PART II. CHAP. I. Of the present King of Cande THE Government of this Island The King's Lineage His Person Meen and Habit. His Queen and Children His Palace Situation and Description of itâ— Strong Guards about his Court Negro's Watch next his Person Spies sent out a Nights His Attendants Handsome Women belong to his Kitchin His Women And the Privileges of the Towns where they live His State when he walks in his Palace or goes abroad His reception of Ambassadors His delight in them CHAP. II. Concerning the Kings Manners Vices Recreation Religion SPare in his Diet. After what manner he eats Chast himself and requires his Attendants to be so He committed Incest but such as was allowable His Pride How the People address to the King They give him Divine Worship Pleased with high Titles An instance or two of the King 's haughty Stomach He slights the defection of one of his best Generals He scorns to receive his own Revenues The Dutch serve their ends upon his Pride by flattering him The People give the way to the Kings foul Cloths His natural Abilities and deceitful temper His wise saying concerning Run-awayes He is naturally Cruel The Dogs follow Prisoners to Execution The Kings Prisoners their Misery He punisheth whole Generations for the sake of one The sad condition of young Gentlemen that wait on his Person His Pleasure-houses Pastimes abroad His Diversions at home His Religion He stands affected to the Christian Religion CHAP. III. Of the King's Tyrannical Reign HIS Government Tyrannical His Policy He farms out his Countrey for Service His Policy to secure himself against Assassinations and Rebellions Another Point of his Policy Another which is to find his People work to do A Vast work undertaken and finished by the King viz. Bringing Water divers Miles thro Rocks Mountains and Valleys unto his Palace The turning this Water did great injury to the People But he little regards his Peoples Good By craft at once both pleaseth and punisheth his People In what Labours he employs his People He Poisons his only Son The extraordinary Lamentation at the Death of his Sister His Craft and Cruelty shewn at once CHAP. IV. Of his Revenues and Treasure THe King's Rents brought three times in a year The first is accompanied with a great Festival How the Nobles bring their Gifts or Duties Inferior Persons present their New-years Gifts What Taxes and Rents the People pay The accidental incoms of the Crown The Profits that accrue to the King from Corn-Lands Custom of Goods Imported formerly paid His Treasuries He has many Elephants Great Treasures thrown into the River formerly The Treasure he most valueth CHAP. V. Of the King's great Officers and the Governors of the Provinces THe two Greatest Officers in the Land The next Great Officers None can put to Death but the King Theso Dissauvas are Durante bene placito Whom the King makes Dissauvas And their Profits and Honours Other benefits belonging to other Officers They must always reside at Court The Officers under them viz. The Cour-lividani The Cong-conna The Courli-atchila The Liannah The Vndia The Monannah Some Towns exempt from the Dissauvas Officers Other Officers yet These Places obtained by Bribes But remain only during pleasure Country Courts They may appeal Appeals to the King How the Great Officers Travel upon Public Business Their Titles and signs of State The misery that succeeds their Honour The foolish ambition of the Men and Women of this Country CHAP. VI. Of the King's Strength and Wars THe King 's Military affairs The natural strength of his Countrey Watches and Thorn-gates None to pass from the King's City without Pasports His Soldiery All men of Arms wait at Court The Soldiers have Lands allotted them insted of Pay To prevent the Soldiers from Plotting The manner of sending them out on Expeditions Requires all the Captains singly to send him intelligence of their affairs When the War is finished they may not return without order The condition of the Common Soldiers He conceals his purpose when he sends out his Army Great Exploits done and but little Courage They work chiefly by Stratagems They understand the manner of Christian Armies Seldom hazard a Battel If they prove unsuccessful how he punishes them CHAP. VII A Relation of the Rebellion made against the King A Comet ushereth in the Rebellion The Intent of the Conspirators How the Rebellion began The King flyes They pursue him faintly They go to the Prince and Proclaim him King The carriage of the Prince Upon the Prince's flight the Rebels scatter and run A great Man declares for the King For the space of eight or ten days nothing but Killing one another to approve themselves good Subjects The King Poysons his Son to prevent a Rebellion hereafter His ingratitude Another Comet but without any bad Effects following it PART III. CHAP. I. Concerning the Inhabitants of this Island THe several Inhabitants of the Island The Original of the Chingulays Wild Men. Who pay an acknowledgement to the King How they bespeak Arrows to be made them They rob the Carriers Hourly wild Men Trade with the People Once made to serve the King in his War Their Habit and Religion A skirmish about their Bounds Curious in their Arrows How they preserve their Flesh. How they take Elephants The Dowries they give Their disposition The Inhabitants of the Mountains differ from those of the Low-Lands Their good opinion of Virtue tho they practice it not Superstitions How they Travel A brief character of them The Women their habit and nature CHAP. II. Concerning their different Honours Ranks and Qualities HOw they distinguish themselves according to their Qualities They never Marry beneath their rank In case a Man lyes with a Woman of inferior rank Their Noble men How distinguished from others The distinction by Caps Of the Hondrews or Noble men two sorts An Honour like unto Knighthood Goldsmiths Blacksmiths Carpenters and Painters The Privilege and State of the Smiths Craftsmen Barbers Potters Washers Iaggory-makers The Poddah Weavors Basket-makers Mat-makers The lower ranks may not assume the habit or names of the higher Slaves Beggers The reason the Beggers became so base and mean a People They live well Their Contest with the Weavors about dead Cows Incest common among them A Punishment to deliver
after them read to p. 51. l. 2. after them a Semicolon Ibid. Marg. l. 3. for others read these Ibid. l. 18. for their read theirs Ibid. l. 19. dele and. Ibid. l. 49. for Courti-Atchila read Courli-atchila p. 58. l. 30. after were read or were p. 62. Marg. l. 1. for By read Pay Ibid. l. 18. after shooting add him Ibid. Marg. l. 14. for one read once p. 69. l. 28. after lace dele the Comma Ibid. l. 30. for Kirinerahs read Kinnerahs p. â—1 l. 3. after places add and p. 73. 14. dele they say Ibid. l. 42. for ward read reward p. 74. l. 5. dele â—he Semicolon after Vehar and place it after also Ibid. l. 27. for hands read heads p. 76. l. 23. for God read Gods Ibid. l. 36. after know a Period p. 80. l. 3. for him read them p. 87. l. 27. after Hens â— Semicolon p. 88. l. 35. for stream read steam p. 89. l. 7. for a read the p. 101. l. 28. for Husband read Husbandman p. 102. l. 23. after considerable a Comma p. 103. Marg. l. 4. for benefit read manner p. 105. l. 26. for so read To p. 109. l. 1. read Heawoy com-coraund To fight as much as to say To act the Soldier p. 110. l. 29. after go add their Iourney p. 111. l. 9. for Friday read Iridah p. 112. l. 52. after temple add in p. 118. l. 41. after and add his p. 128. l. 51. dele no p. 132. l. 38. dele the Comma after Holstein p. 134. l. 47. For Crock read crook p. 138. l. 37. for ny read any Ibid. l. 47. after they read had p. 148. l. 52. for go read got p. 151. l. 6. for here read have p. 154. l. 27. for favors read feavâ—rs p. 155. l. 4. dele the first it Ibid. l. 18. for he read we p. 161. l. 43. for Dâ—abac read Diabat p. 168. l. 4. after before add us Ibid. l. 7. after comparing add it p. 176. l. 22. for the read great p. 179. l. 21. for be read beg Ibid. l. 34. dele what they keep And instead of Cande Uda throout the Book read Conde Uda AN Historical Relation OF ZEILON Alià s Ceylon AN Island in the EAST-INDIES PART I. CHAP. I. A general Description of the Island HOw this Island lyes with respect unto the Neighbouring Countries I shall not speak at all that being to be seen in our ordinary Sea-Cards which describe those Parts and but little concerning the Maritime parts of it now under the Iurisdiction of the Dutch my design being to relate such things onely that are new and unknown unto these Europaean Nations It is the Inland Countrey therefore I chiefly intend to write of which is yet an hidden Land even to the Dutch themselves that inhabit upon the Island For I have seen among them a fair large Map of this Place the best I believe extant yet very faulty the ordinary Maps in use among us are much more so I have procured a new one to be drawn with as much truth and exactness as I could and his Iudgment will not be deemed altogether inconsiderable who had for Twenty Years Travelled about the Iland and knew almost every step of those Parts especially that most want describing I begin with the Sea-Coasts Of all which the Hollander is Master On the North end the chief places are Iafnipatan and the Iland of Manaur On the East side Trenkimalay and Batticalow To the South is the City of Point de Galle On the West the City of Columbo so called from a Tree the Natives call Ambo which bears the Mango-fruit growing in that place but this never bare fruit but onely leaves which in their Language is Cola and thence they called the Tree Colaambo which the Christians in honour of Columbus turned to Columbo It is the chief City on the Sea-coasts where the chief Governour hath his residence On this side also is Negumba and Colpentine All these already mentioned are strong fortified places There are besides many other smaller Forts and Fortifications All which with considerable Territories to wit all round bordering upon the Sea-coasts belong to the Dutch Nation I proceed to the Inland-Country being that that is now under the King of Cande It is convenient that we first understand that this land is divided into greater or less shares or parts The greater divisions give me leave to call Provirces and the less Counties as resembling ours in England tho not altogether so big On the North parts lyes the Province of Nourecalava consisting of five lesser Divisions or Counties the Province also of Hotcourly signifying seven Counties it contains seven Counties On the Eastward is Mautaly containing three Counties There are also lying on that side Tammanquod Bintana Vellas Paunoa these are single Counties Ouvah also containing three Counties In this Province are Two and thirty of the Kings Captains dwelling with their Soldiers In the Midland within those already mentioned lye Wallaponahoy it signifies Fifty holes or vales which describe the nature of it being nothing but Hills and Valleys Poncipot signifying five hundred Souldiers Goddaponahoy signifying fifty pieces of dry Land Hevoihattay signifying sixty Souldiers Cote-mul Horsepot four hundred Souldiers Tunponahoy three fifties Oudanour it signifies the Upper City where I lived last and had Land Tattanour the Lower City in which stands the Royal and chief City Cande These two Counties I last named have the pre-eminence of all the rest in the Land They are most populous and fruitful The Inhabitants thereof are the chief and principal men insomuch that it is a usual saying among them that if they want a King they may take any man of either of these two Counties from the Plow and wash the dirt off him and he by reason of his quality and descent is fit to be a King And they have this peculiar Priviledge That none may be their Governour but one born in their own Country These ly to the Westward that follow Oudipollat Dolusbaug Hotteracourly containing four Counties Portaloon Tuncourly containing three Counties Cuttiar Which last together with Batticalaw and a part of Tuncourly the Hollander took from the King during my being there There are about ten or twelve more un-named next bordering on the Coasts which are under the Hollander All these Provinces and Counties excepting six Tammanquod Vellas Paunoa Hotteracourly Hotcourly and Neurecalava ly upon Hills fruitful and dwell watered and therefore they are called in one word Conde Vda which signifies On top of the Hills and the King is styled the King of Conde Vda All these Counties are divided each from other by great Woods Which none may fell being preserved for Fortifications In most oâ— them there are Watches kept constantly but in troublesome times in all The Land is full of Hills but exceedingly well watered there being many pure and clear Rivers running through them Which falling down about their Lands is a very great benefit for the Countrey in respect
of their Rice their chief Sustenance These Rivers are generally very rocky and so un-navigable In them are great quantities of Fish and the greater for want of Skill in the People to catch them The main River of all is called Mavelagonga Which proceeds out of the Mountain called Adams Peak of which afterwards it runs thro the whole Land Northward and falls into the Sea at Trenkimalay It may be an Arrows flight over in bredth but not Navigable by reason of the many Rocks and great falls in it Towards the Sea it is full of Aligators but on the Mountains none at all It is so deep that unless it be mighty dry weather a man cannot wade over it unless towards the head of it They use little Canoues to pass over it but there are no Bridges built over it being so broad and the Stream in time of Rains which in this Countrey are very great runs so high that they cannot make them neither if they could would it be permitted for the King careth not to make his Countrey easie to travel but desires to keep it intricate This River runs within a mile or less of the City of Cande In some places of it full of Rocks in others clear for three or four miles There is another good large River running through Cotemul and falls into that before mentioned There are divers others brave Rivers that water the Countrey tho none Navigable for the cause abovesaid The Land is generally covered with Woods excepting the Kingdome of Ovuah and the Counties of Oudipallet and Dolusbaug which are naturally somewhat clear of them It is most populous about the middle least near about by the Sea how it is with those Parts under the Hollander I know not The Northern parts are somewhat sickly by reason of bad water the rest very healthful The Valleys between their Hills are many of them quagmires and most of them full of brave Springs of pure water Which watery Valleys are the best sort of Land for their Corn as requiring much moisture as shall be told in its place On the South side of Conde Vda is an Hill supposed to be the highest on this Island called in the Chingulay Language Hamalell but by the Portuguez and the Europaean Nations Adams Peak It is sharp like a Sugar-loaf and on the Top a flat Stone with the print of a foot like a mans on it but far bigger being about two foot long The people of this Land count it meritorious to go and worship this impression and generally about their New Year which is in March they Men Women and Children go up this vast and high Mountain to worship The manner of which I shall write hereafter when I come to describe their Religion Out of this Mountain arise many fine Rivers which run thro the Land some to the Westward some to the Southward and the main River viz. Mavelagonga before mentioned to the Northward This Kingdom of Conde Vda is strongly fortified by Nature For which way soever you enter into it you must ascend vast and high mountains and descend little or nothing The wayes are many but very narrow so that but one can go abreast The Hills are covered with Wood and great Rocks so that 't is scarce possible to get up any where but onely in the paths in all which there are gates made of Thorns the one at the bottom the other at the top of the Hills and two or three men always set to watch who are to examine all that come and go and see what they carry that Letters may not be conveyed nor Prisoners or other Slaves run away These Watches in case of opposition are to call out to the Towns near who are to assist them They oftentimes have no Arms for they are the people of the next Towns but their Weapons to stop people are to charge them in the Kings Name which disobeyed is so severely punished that none dare resist These Watches are but as Sentinels to give notice for in case of War and Danger the King sends Commanders and Souldiers to ly here But of this enough These things being more proper to be related when we come to discourse of the Policy and Strength of the Kingdom The one part of this Island differs very much from the other both in respect of the Seasons and the Soyl. For when the Westwardly Winds blow then it rains on the West side of the Island and that is the season for them to till their grounds And at the same time on the East side is very fair and dry weather and the time of their Harvest On the contrary when the East Winds blow it is Tilling time for those that inhabit the East Parts and Harvest to those on the West So that Harvest is here in one part or other all the Year long These Rains and this dry weather do part themselves about the middle of the Landâ— as oftentimes I have seen being on the one side of a Mountain called Cauragas hiâ—g rainy and wet weather and as soon as I came on the other dry and so exceeding hot that I could scarcely walk on the ground being as the manner there is barefoot It rains far more in the High-Lands of Conde Vda then in the Low-Lands beneath the Hills The North End of this Island is much subject to dry weather I have known it for five or six Years together so dry having no Rains and there is no other means of water but that being but three Springs of running water that I know or ever heard of that they could not plow nor sow and scarcely could dig Wells deep enough to get water to drink and when they got it its tast was brackish At which time in other Parts there wanted not Rain Whither the Northern People were forced to come to buy food Let thus much suffice to have spoken of the Countreys Soyl and Nature of this Island in general I will proceed to speak of the Cities and Towns of it together with some other Remarkable Matters thereunto belonging CHAP. II. Concerning the Chief Cities and Towns of this Island IN this Island are several Places where they say formerly stood Cities and still retain the Name tho little or nothing of Building be now to be seen But yet there are Five Cities now standing which are the most Eminent and where the King hath Palaces and Goods yet even these all of them except that wherein his Person is are ruined and fallen to decay The First is the City of Candy so generally called by the Christians probably from Conde which in the Chingulays Language signifies Hills for among them it is situated but by the Inhabitants called Hingodagul-neure as much as to say the City of the Chingulay people and Mauneur signifying the Chief or Royal City This is the Chief or Metro-political City of the whole Island It is placed in the midst of the Island in
its Precious Stones Minerals and other Commodities Of which I shall briefly speak and so make an end of this First Part. In this Island are several sorts of Precious Stones which the King for his part has enough of and so careth not to have more discovery made For in certain places where they are known to be are sharp Poles set up fixed in the ground signifying that none upon pain of being stuck and impaled upon those Poles presume so much as to go that way Also there are certain Rivers out of which it is generally reported they do take Rubies and Saphires for the Kings use and Cats eyes And I have seen several pretty coloured stones some as big as Cherry-stones some as Buttons and transparent but understood not what they were Rubies and Saphires I my self have seen here Here is Iron and Christal in great plenty Salt-Petre they can make Brimstone some say is here but the King will not have it discovered Steel they can make of their Iron Ebony in great abundance with choice of tall and large Timber Cardamums Iaggory Rack Oyl black Lead Turmeric Salt Rice Bettel-Nuts Musk Wax Pepperâ— Which last grows here very well and might be in great plenty if it had a Vend And the peculiar Commodity of the Island Cinnamon Wild Cattel and wild Honey in great plenty in the Woods it lyes in holes or hollow Trees free for any that will take the pains to get it Elephants Teeth and Cotton of which there is good plenty growing in their own Grounds sufficient to make them good and strong cloth for their own use and also to sell to the People of the Vplands where Cotton is not so plenty All these things the Land affords and it might do it in much greater quantity if the People were but laborious and industrious But that they are not For the Câ—ingulays are Naturally a people given to sloth and laziness if they can but any ways live they abhor to work onely what their necessities force them to they do that is to get Food and Rayment Yet in this I must a little vindicate them For what indeed should they do with more than Food and Rayment seeing as their Estates encrease so do their Taxes also And altho the People be generally covetous spending but little scraping together what they can yet such is the Government they are under that they are afraid to be known to have any thing lest it be taken away from them Neither have they any encouragement for their industry having no Vend by Traffic and Commerce for what they have got Rajah Singah the King of â—eâ—lon PART II. CHAP. I. Of the present King of Cande HItherto I have treated of the Countrey with the Provisions and Wealth of it Our next Discourses shall be of the Political Government there exercised And here Order will lead us to speak first of the King and Matters relating to him Antiently this Countrey consisted of Nine Kingdoms all which had their several Kings but now by the vicissitude of Times and Things they are all reduced under one King who is an absolute Tyrant and Rules the most arbitrarily of any King in the World We will first speak of him as to his Personal Capacity and next as to his Political In his Personal Capacity are to be considered his Birth and Parentage his Person his Relations his State his Manners his Pleasures and Recreations his Religion Radga-Singa is his Name which signifies a Lyon-King He is not of the right Descent of the Royal-Blood For the former King deceased leaving his Queen a Widow and two young Princes which he had issue by her She was a Christian having been baptized by the Portuguez and named Dona Catharina She afterwards married to the Chief Priest whom in their Language they call Tirinanxy And by him had this Son the present King The Tirinanx his Father reigned and ruled the Land during the minority of the young Princes but being aged he divided the Countrey between the three Princes by Lot intending Conde Vda which is the best part of the Land for his own Son Radga-Singa Which was obtained by this device The names of the three Kingdoms being written on three Papers were put into a Pot and one was appointed who knew the matter to take them out and deliver them one to each beginning with the Eldest craftily delivering that which had Conde Vda written in it unto Radga-Singa and so it came to pass according to the old Kings determination All these three in the beginning of their Reigns joyned together against the Portuguez but soon after fell out among themselves and this King in the end prevailed and got all the Countrey Danna Polla Rodgerah the youngest King of Mautoly being overthrown fled down to the Portuguez to Columba who sent him to Goa where he dyed The other named Comaure-Siâ—ga King of Owvah dyed in Cande As to the Person of the present King He is not tall but very well set nor of the clearest colour of their complexion but somewhat of the blackest great rowling Eyes turning them and looking every way alwayes moving them a brisk bold look a great swelling Belly and very lively in his actions and behaviour somewhat bald not having much hair upon his head and that gray a large comely Beard with great Whiskers in conclusion a very comely man He bears his years well being between Seventy and Eighty years of age and tho an Old man yet appears not to be like one neither in countenance nor action His Apparel is very strange and wonderful not aâ—ter his own Countrey-fashion or any other being made after his own invenâ—tion On his head he wears a Cap with four corners like a Iesuits three teer high and a Feather standing upright before like that in the head of a fore-horse in a Team a long band hanging down his back after the Portuguez â—ashion his Doublet aâ—ter so strange a shape that I cannot well describe it the body of one and the sleeves oâ— another colour He wears long Breeches to his Anckles Shoes and Stockings He doth not always keep to one fashion but changes as his â—ancy leads him but always when he comes abroad his Sword hangs by his side in a belt over his shoulder which no Chingulays dare wear only white men may a Gold Hilt and Scabberd most oâ— beaten Gold Commonly he holdeth in his hand a small Caâ—e painted of divers colours and towards the lower end set round about with such stones as he hath and pleaseth with a head of Gold His right and lawful Queen who was a Malabar brought â—rom the Coast is still living but hath not been with him as is known this Twenty years remaining in the City of Cande where he leâ—t her She wants indeed neither maintenance nor attendance but never comes out of the Palace Several Noble mens Daughters hold Land for this Service viz. to come to her Court
they die naturally they are not The Farmers all in general besides their measures of Corn pay a certain Duty in Money with their Rents If they Sell or Alienate their Inheritances the Kings accustomed Duties must not be diminished whosoever buyeth or enjoyeth them Neither is here any Land which doth not either pay or do some Duty to the King Only one case expected and that is if they give or dedicate Land to a Priest as an Alms or Deed of Charity in God's Name On that there is never any more Tax or Duty to be imposed as being sacrilegâ—â—ns to take ought from one that belongs to the Temple Formerly the King had the Benefit of the trade of two Ports Cotiar and Portalone unto each of which used to come yearly some twenty or thirty Sail of small Vessel which brought considerable Customs in But now the Hollander has deprived him of both suffering no Vessels to come The King hath several Treasure houses and in several places in Cities and Towns where always are Guards of Soldiers to watch them both day and night I cannot certainly declare all that is contained in them There are Precious Stones such as his Land affords mony but not very much Cloth and what he hath got by Shipwrack Presents that have been sent him from other Nations Elephants-teeth Wax good store of Arms as Guns Bowes and Arrows Pikes Halberds Swords Ammunition store of Knives Iron Tallipat-Leaves whereof one will cover a large Tent Bedsteads Tables Boxes Mats of all sorts I will not adventure to declare further the Contents of his Treasuries lesâ— I may be guilty of a mistake But sure I am he hath plenty of all such things as his Land affords For he is very Provident and Careful to be well furnished with all things And what he does abound with he had rather it should lye and rot then be imbezelled and wasted that is distributed among his Servants or Slaves of which he hath great store He hath some hundreds oâ— Elephants which he keepeth tame and could have as many more as he pleaseth but altho not catched yet they are all his and at his Command when he pleaseth It is frequently reported and I suppose is true that both he and his Predecessors by the distress they have been driven to by the Portuguezes have cast some store of Riches into the great River Maâ—velagonga running by the City in deep holes among Rocks which is irrecoverable and into a made Pond by the Palace in the City of Cande or Hingodegulâ—neur Wherein are kept to this day two Alligators so that none dare go into the water for fear of being devoured by them And often times they do destroy Cows that go to drink there But this Pond by cutting the Bank might easily be drained To conclude the Land that is under his jurisdiction is all his with the People their Estates and whatsoever if affords or is therein But that which he doth chiefly value and esteem are Toys and Novelties as Hawks Horses Dogs strange Birds and Beasts and particularly a spotted Elephant and good Arms of which he hath no want CHAP. V. Of the Kings great Officers and the Governours of the Provincesâ— THere are two who are the greatest and highest Officers in the Land They are called Adigars I may term them Chief Iudges under whom is the Government oâ— the Cities and the Countries also in the Vacancy of other Governors All People have liberty in default of Iustice to appeal to these Adigaâ—s â— or if their causes and diffeâ—rences be not decided by their Governours according to their minds To these there are many Officers and Sergeants belonging All which to be known carry slaves in their hands like to Bandâ—eâ— the crooked end uppermost which none but they dare carry The sight of which slaves upon what message soever they be sent signifies as much as the Adigars Hand and Seal If the Adigar be ignorant in what belongâ— to his place and office these men do instruct him what and how to do The like is in all other places which the King bestows if they know not what belongs to their places there are Inferiour Officers under them that do teach and direct them how to Act. Next under the Adigars are the Dissauva's who are Governours over Provinces and Counties of the Land Each Province and County has its Governour but all Governours are not Dissauva's nor other great Officers known by other names of Titles as Râ—terautâ— and â—â—â—anies â— But all these Generals or Chief Commanders who have a certain number of Soldiers under them These great men are to provide that good orders be kept in the Countries over which they are placed and that the Kings accustomed dutie be brought in due season to the Count. They have Power also to decide controversies between the People of their Iurisdiction and to punish contentions and disorderly personsâ— which they do chiefly by amercing a Fine from them which is for their Proâ—fit for it is there own and also by committing them Prison Into which when they are once fallen no means without mony can get them out again But be the â—acâ— never so hainous Murther it â—ell they can put none to death The sentence of death being pronounced only by the King They also are sent upon expeditions in War with their Soldiers and give Attendance and watch at Court in their appointed Stations These Dissauva's are also to see that the Soldiers in their Countries do come in due season and order for that purpose They are appointed by the King himself not for life but during his good pleasure And when they are dead or removed oftentimes their places lay void somtimes for months somtimes peâ—haps for yearsâ— during which time the Adigar rules and governs those Countries and for his labour receiveth all such Incoms and Profits as are accustomed and of right do belong to the Governour The King when he advances any to be Dissauva's or to any other great Office regards not their ability or sufficiency to perform the same only they must be persons of good rank and gentile extracâ—ion and they are all naturally discreet and very solid and so the siâ—ter for the Kings employment When he firsâ— promotes them he shews them great testimonies of his Love and â—avour especially to those that are Christians in whose service he imposeth greater confidence than in his own people concluding that they will make more conâ—â—â—ence of their ways and be more â—aithful in their Office and giveâ— them a Sword the hilâ— all carved and inlaid with Silver and Brass very handsomly the Scabberd also covered with Silver a Knife and Hâ—lbeâ—d and lastly a Town or Towns for their maintenance The benefit of which iâ— that all the Profitâ— which before the King received from those Townsâ— now accrues unâ—o the Kings Officer These Towns are composed of all And in the discharge of this his Office
looked after them And so I began the world anew and by the Blessing of God was again pretty well recruited before I left this Town In the time of my residence here I chanced to hear of a small piece of Land that was to be sold. About which I made very diligent inquiry For altho I was sore a weary of living in this Town yet I could not get out of it not having other new Quarters appointed me unless I could provide a place for my self to remove to which now God had put into my hand As for the King's Command I dreaded it not much having found by observation that the King's Orders weaâ— away by time and the neglect of them comes at last to be unregarded However I was resolved to put it to a hazard come what will Altho I had been now some seven or eight years in this Land and by this time came to know pretty well the Customs and Constitutions of the Nation yet I would not trust my own knowledge but to prevent the worst I went to the Governor of that same Countrey where the Land lay to desire his advice whether or no I might lawfully buy that small piece of Land He inquired Whose and what Land it was I informed him That it had been formerly dedicated to a Priest and he at his death had left it to his Grandson who for want was forced to sell it Understanding this the Governor approved of the business and encouraged me to buy it saying That such kind of Lands only were lawful here to be bought and sold and that this was not in the least litigious Having gotten both his consent and advice I went on chearfully with my purchase The place also liked me wondrous well it being a point of Land standing into a Corn Field so that Corn Fields were on three sides of it and just before my Door a little Corn ground belonging thereto and very well watered In the Ground besides eight Coker-nut Trees there were all sorts of Fruit Trees the Countrey afforded But it had been so long desolate that it was all overgrown with Bushes and no sign of a House therein The price of this Land was five and twenty Larees that is five Dollars a great Sum of Money in the account of this Countrey yet thanks be to God who had so far inabled me after my late and great loss that I was strong enough to lay this down The terms of Purchase being concluded on between us a Writing was made upon a leaf after that Countrey manner witnessed by seven or eight Men of the best Quality in the Town which was delivered to me and I paid the Money and then took Possession of the Land It lyes some ten Miles to the Southward of the City of Cande in the County of Oudaneur in the Town of Elledat Now I went about Building an House upon my Land and was assisted by three of my Countreymen that dwelt near by Roger Gold Ralph Knight and Stephen Rutland and in short time we finished it The Countrey People were all well pleased to see us thus busie our selves about buying of Land and Building of Houses thinking it would ty our Minds the faster to their Countrey and make us think the less upon our own Tho I had built my new House yet durst I not yet leave my old Quarters in Laggendenny but wait until a more convenient time fell out for that purpose I went away therefore to my old home and left my aforesaid three English Neighbours to inhabit in it in my absence Not long after I found a fit season to be gone to my Estate at Elledat And upon my going the rest left the Town also and went and dwelt elsewhere each one where he best liked But by this means we all lost a Privilege which we had before which was that our Victuals were brought unto us and now we were forced to go and fetch them our selves the People alledging true enough that they were not bound to carry our Provisions about the Country after us Being settled in my new House I began to plant my ground full of all sorts of Fruit Trees and by the Blessing of God all grew and prospered and yielded me great Plenty and good increase sufficient both for me and for thoâ—e that dwelt with me For the three English men I left at my House when I departed back to Laggendenny still lived with me We were all single men and we agreed very well together and were helpful to one another And for their help and assistance of me I freely granted them Liberty to use and enjoy whatsoever the ground afforded as much as my self And with a joynt consent it was concluded amongst us That only single Men and Batchellors should dwell there and such as would not be conformable to this present agreement should depart and absent himself from our Society and also forfeit his right and claim to the forementioned Privilege that is to be cut off from all benefit of whatsoever the Trees and Ground afforded I thought fit to make such a Covenant to exclude women from coming in among us to prevent all strife and dissention and to make all possible Provision for the keeping up love and quietness among our selves In this manner we four lived together some two years very lovingly and contentedly not an ill word passing between us We used to take turns in keeping at home while the rest went forth about their Business For our house stood alone and no Neighbour near it Therefore we always left one within The rest of the English men lived round about us some four or five miles distant some more So that we were as it were within reach one of another which made us like our present Situation the more Thus we lived upon the Mountains being round about us beset with watches most of our People being now married so that now all talk and suspition of our running away was laid aside Neither indeed was it scarce possible The effect of which was that now we could walk from one to the other or where we would upon the Mountains no man molesting or disturbing us in the least So that we began to go about a Pedling and Trading in the Country farther towards the Northward carrying our Caps about to sell. By this time two of our Company seeing but little hopes of Liberty thought it too hard a task thus to lead a single life and married Which when they had done according to the former agreement departed from us So that our Company was now reduced to two viz. my Self and Stephen Rutland whose inclination and resolution was as stedfast as mine against Marriage And we parted not to the last but came away together CHAP. VII A return to the rest of the English with some further accounts of them And some further discourse of the Authors course of life LEt us now make a Visit
Land was very successful against this present King He run quite thro the Island unto the Royal City it self which he set on Fire with the Temples therein Insomuch that the King sent a Message to him signifying that he was willing to become his Tributary But he proudly sent him word back again That that would not serve his turn He should not only be Tributary but Slave to his Master the King of Portugal This the King of Cande could not brook being of an high Stomach and said He would fight â—o the last drop of Blood rather than stoop to that There were at this time many Commanders in the Generals Army who were natural Chingulays with these the King dealt secretly assuring them that if they would turn on his side he would gratifie them with very ample Rewards The King's Promises took effect and they all revolted from the General The King now daring not to trust the Revolted to make tryal of their Truth and Fidelity put them in the forefront of his Battel and commanded them to give the first Onset the King at that time might have Twenty or Thirty thousand Men in the Field Who taking their opportunity set upon the Portugueze Army and gave them such a total overthrow that as they report in that Countrey not one of them escaped The General seeing this Defeat and himself like to be taken called his Black Boy to give him water to drink and snatching the Knife that stuck by his Boy 's side stabbed himself with it Another General after him was Lewis Tisséra He swore he would make the King eat Coracan Tallipa that is a kind of hasty Pudding made of Water and the Coracan Flower which is reckoned the worst fare of that Island The King afterwards took this Lewis Tisséra and put him in Chains in the Common Goal and made him eat of the same fare And there is a Ballad of this Man and this passage Sung much among the common People there to this day Their next General was Simon Caree a Natural Chingulays but Baptized He is said to be a great Commander When he had got any Victory over the Chingulays he did exercise great Cruelty He would make the Women beat their own Children in their Mortars wherein they used to beat their Corn. Gaspar Figari had a Portugueze Father and Chingulays Mother He was the last General they had in this Countrey And a brave Soldier but degenerated not from his Predecessors in Cruelty He would hang up the People by the heels and split them down the middle He had his Axe wrapped in a white Cloth which he carried with him into the Field to execute those he suspected to be false to him or that ran away Smaller Malefactors he was merciful to cutting off only their right hands Several whom he hath so served are yet living whom I have seen This Gaspar came up one day to fight against the King and the King resolved to fight him The General fixed his Camp at Motaupul in Hotteracourly And in order to the King 's coming down to meet the Portugueze Preparation was made for him at a place called Cota coppul which might be Ten or Twelve miles distant from the Portugueze Army Gaspar knew of the place by some Spies but of the time of the Kings coming he was informed that it was a day sooner than really it happened According to this information he resolved privatly to march thither and come upon him in the night unawares And because he knew the King was a Polititian and would have his Spies abroad to watch the Generals motion the General sent for all the Drummers and Pipers to Play and Dance in his Camp that thereby the Kings Spies might not suspect that he was upon the March but merry and secure in his Camp In the mean time having set his People all to their Dancing and Drumming he left a small party there to secure the Baggage and away he goes in the night with his Army and arrives to Catta coppul intending to fall upon the King But when he came thither he found the King was not yet come but into the Kings Tents he went and sits him down in the seat appointed for the Kâ—ng Here he heard where the King was with his Camp which being not far off he marched thither in the morning and fell upon him and gave him one of the greatest Routs that ever he had The King himself made a narrow escape for had it not been for a Dutch Company which the Dutch had sent a little before for his Guard who aâ—ter his own Army fled turned head and stopped the Portugueze â—or a while he had been seized The Portugueze General was so near the King that he called after him Houre that is Brother stay I would speak with you but the King being got a top of the Hills was safe And so Gaspar retyred to his Quarters This Gallant expert Commander that had so often vanquished the Chingulays could not cope with another Europaean Nation For when the Hollanders came to beseige Columbo he was sent against them with his Army They told him before he went that now he must look to himself for he was not now to Fight against Chingulays but against Soldiers that would look him in the Face But he made nothing of them and said he would serve them as he had served the Chingulays The Hollanders met him and they fought but had before contrived a Stratagem which he was not aware of they had placed some Field-pieces in the Rear of their Army And after a small skirmish they retreated as if they had been worsted which was only to draw the Portugueze nearer upon their Guns Which when they had brought them in shot of they opened on a suddain to the right and left and fired upon them and so routed them and drove them into Columbo This Gaspar was in the City when it was taken and himself taken Prisoner Who was afterwards sent to Goa where he died And so much of the Portugueze The Dutch succeeded the Portugueze The first occasion of whose coming into this Land was that the present King being wearied and overmatched with the Portugueze sent for them into his aid long ago from Batavia And they did him good service but they feathered their own nests by the means and are now possessed of all the Sea-Coasts and considerable Territories thereunto adjoyning The King of the Countrey keeps up an irreconcileable War against them The occasion of which is said to be this Upon the beseiging of Columbo which was about the year MDCLV it was concluded upon between the King and the Dutch that their Enemies the Portugueze being expelled thence the City was to be delivered up by the Dutch into the Kings hands Whereupon the King himself in person with all his Power went down to this War to assist and joyn with the Hollanders without whose help as it is
for the King Betel-Nuts The Trees The Fruit. The Leaves The Skins and their use The VVood. The profit the Fruit yields Iacks Iombo Other Fruits found in the Woods Fruits common with other parts of India The Tallipot the rare Uses of the Leaf The pith good to eat The Kettule yields a delicious juice The Skin bears strings as strong as wyer The VVood its Nature and Life The Cinnamon-Tree The Bark The VVood. The Leaf The Fruit. The Orula the Fruit good for Physick and Dying This water will brighten rusty Iron and serve instead of Ink. The Dounekaia The Capita Rattans It s Fruit. Canes The Betel Tree The Bo-gauhah or God-Tree Roots for Food The manner of their growing Boyling Herbs Fruits for sawce Europaean Herbs and Plants among them Herbs for Medicine Their Flowers A Flower that serves instead of a Dial. What Beasts the Country produceth Deer no bigger than Hares Other Creatures rare in their kind The way how a Wild Deer was catched Of their Elephants The way of catching Elephants The understanding of Elephants Their Nature The damage they do Their Diseases The Sport they make Ants of divers sorts How these Coddia's come to sting so terribly These Ants a very mischievous sort The curious Buildings of the Vaeos The manner of their death Bees of several kinds Bees thaâ— build on Trees like Birds The people eat the Bees as well as their honey Leaches that ly in the grass and creep on Travellers Legs The remedies they use against them Apes and Monkeys of divers kinds How they catch wild Beasts How they take the Wild Boar. Their Birds Such as will be taught to speak Such as are beautiful foâ— colour A strange Bird. Water-Fowls resembling Ducks and Swans Peacocks The King keeps Fowl Their Fish How they catch them in Ponds Fish kept and fed for the Kings pleasure Serpents The Pimberah of a prodigious bigness The Polongâ— The Noya The Fable of the Noya and Polonga The Carowala Gerende Hickanella A great Spider Kobbera-guion a Creature like an Allegator Tolla-guion The People eat Ratâ— Precious Stones Minerals and other Commodities The People discouâ—aged from Industry by the Tyranny they are under The Government of this Island The King 's Lincage His Person Meen and Habit. His Queenâ— and Children His Palace Situation and Description of it Strong Guards about his Court. Next his own Person Negro's watch Spies sent out a Nights His attendants Handsom women belong to his Kitchinâ— His Women and the Priviledg of the Towns where they live His State when he walks in his Palace or goes abroad His reception of â—â—bassadors His delight 〈◊〉 them Sparing iâ— his Dyet After what manner he Eats Chast himself and requires his Attendants uo bâ— so He â—ommiâ—â—ed Iuâ—â—st but such aâ— waâ— allowable His Pride How the people Address to the King They give him divine worship Pleased with high â—uleâ— An insâ—anâ—â— oâ—â—wo oâ—â—he King'â— haughâ—y 〈…〉 He slighâ—â— the 〈◊〉 of one of hiâ—â—eâ—◠〈◊〉 He 〈…〉 hi◠〈◊〉 â—he Dutâ—h seâ—ve â—heâ—◠〈◊〉 upon hiâ— Pâ—â—de by â—laâ—â—â—â—ing him The people givâ— way â—o the King 's â—â—â—l â—loths Hiâ— natural 〈◊〉 and deceâ—â—â—ul 〈◊〉 His wise saying concerning Runnawayes Naturally cruel The Dogs follow Prisoners to execution The Kings Prisoners their Misery He punishes whole generations for theâ— sake of one The sad condition of young Gentlemen that wait on his Person His Pleasure Houses His Pastimes abroad His Diversion at hâ—mâ— Hâ—s Religion How he stands affected to the Christian Religion His Government Tyrannical His Policy He Farms out his Countrey for Service His Policy to secure himself from Assassination or Rebellion Another point of â—iâ— Policy Another which is to find his People work to do A vast work undertaken and finished by the King The turning this water did great injury to the People But he little regards his Peoples good The King by craft at once both pleased and punishâ—d his People In what labours he employs his People He â—oyâ—onâ— his only Son The extraordinary lamentation at the death of his Sister His câ—afâ— and cruâ—lty shâ—wn at once The King's 〈◊〉 brought three 〈◊〉 in the year The first 〈◊〉 â—ompâ—â—nded with a great Festival How the Nobles being their 〈◊〉 of Dâ—â—â—â—s Inferior Persons present their New-year Gifts What Taxes and Rents the People pay The accidental Incomes of the Crown The Profits that accrue to the King from Corn-Lands Custom of goods imported formerly paâ—d His Treasuriesâ— He has many Elephants Great Treasure thrown into the River formerly The Treasure he most valueth Two greatest Officers in the Land The next great Officers None can put to death but the King These Dissauva's are duâ—ants bene phâ—â—â—â—â— Whom the King makes Dissauva's And their Proâ—â—â—â— and Honours â—he Liannah The Undia The Monnannah Some Towns â—xempt from the Piâ—â—uva's Officers Other Officers 〈◊〉 These places obtained by Bâ—â—â—es But remain only during pleasure Counâ—rey-Courts They may appeal Appeals to the King How thâ—sâ— great Offiâ—ers â—rave upon publick Business Their Titles and Signs of 〈◊〉 The misery that succeeds their Honour The foolish ambition of the Men and Women of this Countrey The King 's Military Aâ—fairs The natural strength of his Countrey Watches and Thorn-gates None to pass from the Kings City without Pasports Their Soldiery All Men of Arms wait at Court The Soldiers have Lands allotted them instead of Pay To prevent the Soldiers from Plotringâ— The manner of sending them out oâ— Expeditionâ— The King requireâ— all the Captains singly to send him intelligence of their Affairs When the War is finished they may not return without order The Condition of the common Soldiers He conceals his purpose when he sends out his Army Great exploits done and but little Courage They work chiefly by Stratagems They understand the manner of Christian Armies They seldom hazzard a battel If they prove unsuccessful how he punishes them A Comet ushered in the Rebellion The intent of the Conspirators How the Rebellion began The King Flyes They pursue him faintly They go to the Prince and Proclaim him King The carriage of the Prince Upon the Princes Flight the Rebells scatter and run A great man declares for the King For eight or ten days nothing but killing one another to approve themselves good Subjects The King poysons his Son to prevent a Rebellion hereafter His ingratitude Another Comet but without any bad effects following it The several Inhabitants of this Island The Original of Chinguluys Wild-men By an acknowledgment to the King How they bespeak Arrows to be made them They violently took away Carriers goods Hourly Vadahs trade with the people One made to serve the King Their habit and Religion A Skirmish about their bounds Curious in their Arrows How they preserve their flesh How they take Elephants The dowrâ—eâ— they give Their disposition A description of a Chingulay Their disposition The Inhabitants of the Mountains differ from those of the Low-lands Their good opinion of Virtue though they practice it not