about a yeere and a halfe and died in the beginning of the yeere 1580. he was the last of the house of Portugall to whom succeeded 18. Philip sonne to Charles the fift Emperour and of Isabell King of Spaine c. borne the 7. of May 1527. c. THE VNITING OF THE REALME OF PORTVGALL TO THE CROWNE OF CASTILL The Contents of the first Booke The originall of the Realme of Portugall the description thereof with their newe conquests The life of King Sebastian his first voyage into Affrick his enteruiew with the Catholique King at Guadalupa the preparatiues of warre made at Lisbone for the enterprize of Affrick the kings departure from Portugall with his armie I Vndertake the Historie of the Realme of PORTVGALL from the time that king Sebastian the first passed into Affrick with a mightie armie to make warre against the Moores which inhabite Mauritania Tingitana till that after many afflictions this Realme was vnited to those of Spaine vnder Phillip the second king of Castill A subiect of importance for the generall state by the increase of power to so mightie a king yea considerable for the diuers accidents hapned in so short a time contrarie to common hope and profitable by the examples of the instabilitie of this worlde and the dangers that Princes and people runne into by their ill grounded resolutions I hope to relate these euents sincerely with truth hauing beene present at the greatest part and receiued the rest from a faithfull Reporter I am voide of passion an enimie to the vncorrupt writing of Historiographers being neither borne in any of those countries nor subiect or vassall to any king or prince But before I enter into the welspring of those warres I haue thought it conuenient to make a briefe relation of the state of the Realme of the scituation beginnings enterprises and such like to the end that being to report the fall we may withall see the rising thereof by what meanes it encreased and was supported how and when it declined and finally altered his forme The description of the Realme of Portugall POrtugall is a part of Spaine lying vpon the furthest borders of the Ocean It bordereth vpon the East with the kingdome of Castill vpon the West with the great Ocean vpon the North with Gallicia and towards the South with the Atlantike sea and Andelouzia The late writers haue deuided it into sixe countries which they call Comarques that is beyond the riuer of Tagus Estremadura betwixt Duero and Minies and this with the countrie which stretcheth to Coimbra is the ancient Portugall behinde the mountaines Beira and Algarues which last hath also the Title of a kingdome It containes in circuit 850. miles whereof 400. run along the Sea shore the rest is maine land which maketh it in forme long and narrow It hath in it eighteene cities with many great villages and castles in number aboue 470. Three of these cities haue Archbishopricks Braga Lisbone and Euora whereof the first is Lord both spirituall and temporall Nine haue their Bishopricks Coimbra Lamego Visco Porto Miranda Portalegro Guarda Leiria and Eluas the other fiue remaine without dignitie and those are Bragança Tauira Lagos Faro and Silues These last fower be in the kingdome of Algarues whereof one Bishop hath the Title It is watered with many riuers whereof two are most famous Tagus and Duero the first runneth by the walles of Lisbone and sixe or seuen miles off dischargeth it selfe into the Sea the other doth the like by the citie of Porto and two miles from thence falleth into the Ocean from their mouthes vnto the citie they are no riuers but as it were armes and bosomes of the Sea and most assured and capable portes for many great ships which may saile farre vp against the streame but further in that of Lisbone then of the other whereas many great vessels passe fifteene or twentie miles vp beyonde the towne besides these two portes twentie miles from Lisbone towards the South is Settuual which hath a small Tower at the entrie thereof with a port capable of many ships And in Algarues is Tauira Lagos and Villeneuue these three are of reasonable capacitie the rest are lesse with many pleasant plashes The seate of the countrie is commodious for all partes of the world being in the middest of many great kingdomes fit for the ancient and later nauigations For turning towards the West they discouer directly Gallicya Biscay Fraunce England Germanie the other Northerne Regions Before them lieth the Islands of Azores otherwise called Terceres the fortunate Islands with the countries called the West Indies On the left hād lieth Andelouzia the Streits of Gibraltar by the which they enter into the Mediterranean Sea for the Nauigation of Italie and Greece And leauing the Streits coasting Affrick on the left hand they discouer many nations and new people vnknowne to the auncient who beleeued that the burning Zone was inhabitable from which places many ships arriue at Lisbone with great riches chieflie from the East Indies the which the Portugalles themselues as we shall declare hereafter conquered besides their traffiqne with the kingdome of Castile which lieth behinde them Lisbone is the best and chiefest of all their Cities on the which the whole Realme dependes It is verie populous yea many beleeue that of all the cities of Christendome except Paris it containes the greatest number of people The aire is verie wholesome and temperate distant from the Equinoctiall nine and thirtie degrees and with the ebbing and flowing of the salt water which is great vpon that coast there bloweth alwaies a temperate winde which doth refresh it It is neither wholie plaine nor all mountaines but deuided into fiue small hilles betwixt th' one and the other of these the plaine extends vnto the Riuer It hath beene walled whereof some part continues to this day but for that it hath beene since much augmented that part without the walles exceedes the other in greatnes There stands vpon an high hill a very ancient castell which hath no other strength in it but his height nor any guard but is reserued as a prison for noble men At the mouth of Tagus on the citie side stands a Fortresse built after the newest manner which they cal the rocke of Saint Iulian made to defend the entrie of the Riuer The fruite it bringeth foorth surpasseth all their neighbours in bountie and although it yeeldeth not corne sufficient to feede them yet haue they prouision daily out of Fraunce and Germanie The whole Realme is at this present greatly inhabited being replenished with manie Noblemen and Gentlemen and much building of ships and vessels for sundrie Nauigations Besides the order of the knights of Saint Iaques and Alcantara or of Saint Bennet which they call d'Auis of a place so named these carrie a red crosse and these a greene like vnto the Knights of Castill when as the Templers were suppressed they did institute another order with the
Cape-Vert fortifyed the Castle of Saint George in Ethiopia which they call Mina discouered the Princes Island and that of Saint Thomas which lyeth perpendicularly vnder the Equinoctiall with certaine smal Ilands thereabouts they became Lords ouer all And passing further they entred into league with the Realmes of Congo and Angolla all Moores hauing passed the great Cape of Buena Esperança and the Island of Saint Laurence right against it vpon the mayne land they became Lords of Soffolla Mozambique and Melynde where according to the humours and qualitie of the people they had won some by loue some by force although for the most part where they set footing they preuailed by Armes In the time of the said Emanuell they passed the mouth of the red sea traffiquing at Socotra Calahiate they did run through the Persian gulph and hauing passed the mouth of the riuer Indus they entred into India where first by traffique after by force they landed at Calecut Cochin and other places thereabouts but more strongly then in any other place vnder the conduct of Alphonso Albuquerque a famous captaine at Goa a small Iland in the Realme of Accen neere vnto the countrey of Idalcan the which is now a citie with an Archbishopricke chiefe of that State where the Vizeroy maketh his ordinarie aboad They haue gone along all that coast building small fortresses and hauing turned backe to the mouth of the said gulph they are become Maisters of the I le of Ormus and along that coast haue conquered the cities of Chaul Damane Bazain and Diu. Vpon the point of the coast of Mallabar which they call the Cape of Comery turning towards the gulph of Gangis they haue traffique and fortresses in the I le of Zeilan which some take to bee the ancient Taprobana where groweth the best Cinnamom And hauing passed the said gulph towards the East the mouth of Gangis they discouered the other coast at the point whereof which the ancient call the golden Chersonesse they became Lords of the towne of Malaca fiue and twentie miles from the great Iland of Somatra held also of some for Taprobana And passing on further not onely by their traffique in the Realme of Pegu and other countries vpon the firme lande but also by their nauigation they haue discouered the greater and lesser Iaua the kingdome of China the great sea of the Isles of the Molucques from whence come all the Cloues and Nutmegs with many other drugs the I le of Iappon To conclude they haue sayled on so far as they haue met in those quarters with the Castillians that came to the Conquest of the West Indies discouered by Christopher Columbus a Geneuoys in the name of the Kings of Castill Of late daies some by these two nauigations haue compassed the whole world and ioyned East to West They haue also in the time of Emanuell conquered opposite to Ethiopia and to the Cape of Buena esperança the prouince which they cal S. a Croix commonly called Brazill ioyning to Peru running 1500. miles in length yet stretcheth it not far into the maine land they haue deuided it into eight parts which they call Captaineships and haue in a manner giuen it to those that haue conquered it reseruing to the King the greatest part of the iurisdiction And although for a time it did seeme of small profit so as the criminall Iudges of Portugall did and doe yet still confine and banish thither theeues murtherers and such like malefactors yet being fertile it is greatly inhabited so as at this day there are great dwellings and manie buildings for sugars The principall townes be the Bay of Alsaints and Pernanbuc All these countries of new conquest whereof we haue made mention are rich and of great importance from thence commeth yeerely as we haue said into Portugall ships laden with sugars spice drugs stones with many other precious things and of great value And to say the truth this nation is woorthie of great praise that hauing but a small and barren countrey they haue made themselues equall by the good institutions frugalitie and vertue of some of their Kings not onely to all the kingdomes of Spaine but haue gloriously maintained war against Castil a Realme far more rich and mightie then that of Portugall and their other neighbours They haue shewed the like vertue nay rather greater far from home as well in Affricke as at the Indies hauing not onely perfourmed so woonderfull a nauigation as was held in the beginning by the wisest to be rash and foolish but also giuen such testimonie of their Armes in those parts that the writers hold many of their deeds to be miraculously performed by reason of the inequalitie wherewith they were attempted hauing shewed themselues in fight at sea and defending of forts more valiant than in any thing else And besides the conquest of so great an empire in so long and large a sea as we haue written it hath caused an other good of greater importance for Christian religion the which is now planted in all those countries So as whole Realmes which were Idolatrous are now obedient to the Apostolique Sea to the great commendation of the Iesuits whom in that countrey they call Apostles who haue and doe still maintaine a spirituall war Notwithstanding the Portugals who for the space of 460. yeeres had beene busied in these glorious attempts who had planted their crosses in the farthest bounds of the East whereas the name of Christ was not yet knowen they haue not since followed the steps begunne but contented with the weake borders of the Indian seas they haue not pearst into the maine lande but corrupted with the pleasures of the people and inriched with the traffique of marchandize they haue beene content to enioy their gettings not acknowledging the benefite of the giuer of graces and hauing conuerted the militarie reuenewes of Commandries into pleasures they became idle and vaine attributing to themselues the honors and ceremonies which faithfull Christians reserue vnto God they liued long in this estate yet in good opinion of the worlde This corruption and weakenes of the Realme brought in by the delights of Asia was in the education of king Sebastian discouered and reiected by the Iesuits who as religious men desired and laboured much to reforme it But they applied not fit medicines for so languishing a body not considering the impossibilitie sodainly to reclaime a whole people alreadie corrupted with libertie to the extreame rigor and sparingnes of these Fathers A hard matter to performe not onely in a kingdome but also in the precinct of their monasteries Whereupon they made sumptuarie lawes and especially vpon victuals which the auncient Spartaines coulde hardly haue tolerated They did specifie what meates were allowed and what defended distinguished wherein euerie man should imploy his money taking from them in a manner all that came from forraine countries were they for profite or pleasure So as these violent remedies prooued not
lodging seeing himselfe at one instant so much endomaged with the artillerie the bridge to be forced which he held for very strong his men to flie and their horsemen to make way to cut off all way of retreat he grewe amazed Notwithstanding being accompanied with Counte Emanuel of Portugall with Diego Boteglio the elder Edward de Castro he fledde likewise towards the citie without order or without any resistance amidst the prease of his people where at the entrie of the suburbes he was hurt in the head by a soldier on horsebacke and if he had staied but a little longer or the horsemen made more haste hee had beene taken prisoner by some Italian aduenturers who were aduaunced verie farre In this haste hee passed with the rest of his broken armie through the citie whereof a part yet the least following him entred by one gate and went foorth by an other and the other parte which was the greater hauing cast away their armes hid themselues in their houses where they had their wiues and children and such as were come from other parts of the realme assembled themselues in churches with great feare In passing he commaunded the prisons to be opened so as with a great number of offenders that were deliuered there came foorth such as were committed as affected vnto Philip. The Dukes men hauing slaine many of these miserable wretches with their shot and launces who fledde by fower and sixe togither making but a weake and vnprofitable resistance came to the citie Ferrant de Toledo as chiefe marching before the rest vnder whose authoritie the whole armie was gouerned seeing the battaile woone fearing the soldiers furie should do more hurt then he wished did expresly keepe them backe causing them to stay supposing there might remaine yet some men to conquer and being come to the gates of the citie hee staied to parley with the Magistrate of the chamber from the wals who was come thither to that effect But their treaties were shorte and little disagreeing for the Portugals seeing themselues before the Castillians soldiers their miserable king hurt and fled and their army in route they seemed to be now reduced to their last exigent And Ferrant although a conquerour yet desirous according to the kings meaning to saue the citie from spoile they soone agreed Ferrant demaunded the citie the Portugals desired to know in what sort and although some answered at discretion yet the Magistrate offring to yeeld as other cities had done it was graunted they shoulde haue their liues and goods saued least by longer stay the soldiers should haue occasion to cōmit some disorder Notwithstanding some of the Magistrates being let downe from the wals were carried behinde some Castillian Caualiers to the Duke who granted them their demaunds with better acception and more freely Then began the soldiers against the Dukes will to disband and spoile that part of the citie which is without the wals the which is greater nobler and fairer then that within and is so spatious as many great cities are not comparable vnto it So as although this body in the midst of Lisbone was not spoiled yet the suburbes were and all places thereabouts and likewise some houses within the which vnder colour to appertaine to rebels were giuen in pray to the soldiers whom they coulde no otherwise withstand seeing they had sufficiently obeied in preseruing the citie from spoile three daies Many innocent citizens lost their most precious mooueables the which by reason of the plague which then raigned greatly in the citie they had transported to their farmes and other possessions neere thereabouts where they were spoiled The extortions the soldiers committed were not great but the riches that fell into their hands were infinite The galleies did great harme for besides the spoiling of the bankes of Tagus and the ransacking of all the ships within the Porte where they founde infinite store of merchandise they serued like wise vnto the soldiers that were on lande as a meanes to hide and carrie away all things were they neuer so great not being forced to discharge themselues of their baggage to sell them at lowe prices vpon the place as it often hapneth The custome houses that is to say the generall and that of merchandise of the Indies alwaies full of pretious wares although they were without the citie gates yetwere they not spoiled For by reason of their great riches Alonso de Leua Generall of the galleies of Sicily sent a guard of priuate soldiers to haue care and defend them The religious women whose monasteries were all without the wals were preserued and withall much wealth that was kept there yet much of that which was left in the houses of religious men was stolen away but most of all in that of Saint Rocke whereas the Iesuits remaine for certaine Italian soldiers being first entred were expelled by the Spaniards who being sent thither by their commaunders vnder colour to preserue them being friends they committed greater excesse then the other being enimies would haue done for the Italians being departed the Spaniards hauing searched out the most secret things and finding them they carried them by night into the galleies and into their houses The diuersitie of nations which were at the spoile caused more respect to the women and holy things then had beene otherwise for the Spaniards most insolent in other countries were here against their nature very continent least by their example the Italians and Germaines in Spaine shoulde grow woorse The bootie of mooueables and other precious things which this citie in so many yeeres peace and by the traffique of the Indies had gathered togither was infinite The number of such as were slaine in the battaile was small in regard of the little defence they made notwithstanding there died not aboue a thousand of the Portugals and not aboue a hundreth of the Dukes armie of so small force were the peoples armes rusted with ease The Duke when the citie was yeelded came himselfe in person for the defence thereof where hauing made some stay in one of the houses neere the suburbes hee returned to lodge from whence the Portugals were departed Anthony hauing dressed his wounde at Sacabem sixe miles from Lisbone marched easily toward Saint Arem The Duke standing doubtfull whether he remained still within the citie or were fled for that the Portugals for his better safetie gaue out false rumours This victorie was of great importance and had beene greater if the Prior had beene taken prisoner for in his safetie the realme which shoulde haue beene in quiet remained in suspence all men supposing that he should repaire his forces and trie his fortune a newe The Duke was blamed of many for not vsing of greater diligence saying it was a great errour in all other things to haue set so good an order and to haue omitted it in this of such importance some did attribute it vnto negligence others vnto malice especially for
set a tax of 80000. duckats vpon the Priors person as a rebell and disturber of the quiet of the realme He proclaimed a parliament at Tomar the fifteenth day of Aprill where he would assist in person with the generall opinion and great hope of all men that all Portugals that had offended should there receiue their pardon and the obedient haue reward and that to all in generall he would giue great recompences graunting to the cities of the realme whatsoeuer they demaunded There remained neither citie nor place within the maine land of Portugall that had not yeelded their obedience to the king of Spaine For after the Priors flight from Viana all was in the Castillians power the places of Affricke were obedient and so was the Iland of Madera as for the places further off time would not yet suffer them to haue any certaine newes There remained the seuen Ilands of Terceres which had not yet made their submission hauing aduertisement that only S. Michaels excepted all the rest refused to obey and for as much as they were of no account this disobedience made them famous Although they be seuen in number yet are they for the most part small and ill peopled That of Saint Michael a hundreth miles neerer Spaine then the rest is the best There the Bishop of all these Ilands hath his residence They call their principall towne Punta Delgada the next vnto it is called Tercere whereof all the rest take their name This is fertill and by nature more strong then the rest Angra is their greatest dwelling whereof the saide Bishop taketh his name The rest as Saint Marie Fayale Pico Coruo and Flowers be lesser and some of them wholy vnpeopled The inhabitants of all in generall be superstitious and vaine grounding their discourses vpon fancie for since the battaile of Affricke they would neuer beleeue that king Sebastian was dead And although this opinion was helde long through out the Realme yet hath it beene more confidently beleeued there then in any other places for notwithstanding they had seene the innouations which happened in the time of King Henrie and of the Gouernours yet did they still hope he should appeare But when the Prior was proclaymed King it seemed they were somewhat satisfied for hauing presently sent vnto these Ilands to take possession with letters vnto all the Magistrates hee was there sworne and willingly obeyed and to performe this Acte of obedience they sent as Ambassadors vnto him Stephen Siluera and Fryer Melchior of the order of Saint Frauncis who arriuing at Lisbone could not execute their charge for being defeated at Alcantara hee was fled towards Porto yet making no account of the enimies victorie they followed the Prior there in the name of all the inhabitants of these Ilands yeelded him obedience After in the month of Nouember in the yeare 1580. they returned to Tercomes giuing an account of their charge adding that notwithstanding Anthonie had beene broken at Alcantara yet he began in the Prouince betwixt Doro and Mynio with 30000. men to be reuenged vpon the Castillians And although they had after intelligence of Philips absolute victorie and of the flight of Anthonie yet they continued firme in their opinions wherein they were daily confirmed for that as it is said before the Kings ministers had neglected to send vnto them whereas contrariwise Anthonie and the Earle of Vimiosa did still solicite them by curriers and letters to continue firme the said Earle hauing sent Anthonie Scalyn a Frenchman vnto them with letters whereby in the Priors name hee did commende their good affection they so far passed the bounds of ioy as they receiued him into Angra in procession and vnder a cannapie conducting him to the Church of pitie where the saide Fryer Melchior preached applying their intentions to the will of God and Fryer Blaise Camello did sing Masse who in his prayer with a lould voice praied for two Kings that is Sebastian and Anthonie saying vnto the people which demaunded newes of Sebastian that the fourth of August he would satisfie them The inhabitants of the Iland of Saint Michaell which had no such seditious firebrands as that of Tercera beeing by nature more peaceable furthered by the Bishop who followed the Kings party did not runne into so great disorders but shewed themselues daily more obedient vnto Philip who hauing intelligence of all these things desired to trie if hee could by gentle meanes draw this rebellious nation to his obedience and at the last remedie the error of his ministers for to conquer them by force was supposed difficult the Terceraes being naturally strong and inuironed with high rockes besides the sea going so high in those parts as no ships can liue aboue three or fower moneths in the yeare This enterprise was then supposed to be of more importance then it had beene not so much for the qualitie of the place as for the situation beeing an vnauoydable passage for the ships that come from the Indies and the new found lands as well from the East as from the West where the Frenchmen harbouring they might greatly endomage Spaine for this consideration the King sent Ambrose d' Aguiar with a letter and ample pardon in a manner to all offendors if leauing the part of Anthonie they would follow his But arriuing neere vnto Angra and sending his letters to land the Islanders tooke counsell what to doe but the people being then mad and without gouernment did not approoue the opinion of this counsell The richer sort regarding their priuat profit would obey for hauing all their rents in corne the which they commonly send vnto the realme they could not make sale in any other place but being few and not daring to speake their mindes they deliuered it doubtfully The poore who finding the lesse corne were transported from the Ilands the better cheape they shoulde buie it not caring to haue any trafficke with Portugall would by any meanes follow the voice of Anthonie Many kindled with rage aduised they shoulde suffer Ambrose d' Aguiar to enter the citie and after cast him in prison and punish him as Ambassador to a Tyrant Some held they should send him away without answere Some of the chiefe who feared they were not comprehended within the pardon did what they could to preiudice the Kings part for dispairing to obtaine it they laboured that no man should follow his voice but so to wrong Philip as they should lose all hope euer to bee reconciled wherein they preuailed so much as that Ambrose d' Aguiar who was appointed to be Gouernor of the Iland of Saint Michaell was sent backe They caused a Masse to be saide where all the people did sweare to die for Anthonie In which humor they were still confirmed by false reports that were blowen abroad For although the Prior were yet hidden in Portugall yet the shippes which came from Fraunce and England to trafficke at the Ilands to the end they might be the
not allowe of this stratageme holding it for a refreshing to the enimie without any profite for it was not likely that that which had casually chaunced against sixe hundreth men woulde succeed in the like sort against twelue thousand whereupon they sent them backe As the Marques had viewed this troupe of beasts hauing reinforced the point of his armie with Germaine pikes commaunding them that if they came they shoulde quietly suffer them to come on so passed this day the French not ceasing to disquiet the enimie with certaine peeces of artillerie they had planted vpon those hils Then did Emanuel de Silua resolue to flie the which hee coulde not easily effect for that euerie man kept a watch ouer him and therefore hee caused a false brute to be spredde abroad that he had threescore saile of French ships at sea which came to their succour and seeming that he would sende to meete with them he caused the prepared barke to goe out of the port that it might attend him at Altary but when they came at the mouth the artillerie from the fortes woulde not suffer them to passe either ignorant of their intention or for that the authoritie of Silua began now to decline so as returning backe the flight of Emanuel was preuented During this time the Spaniards were distressed for water beeing forced vntill then to furnish themselues from their armie whereof the French had great store and therefore the Marques consulted that night to amend if it were possible the next morning the seate of their lodging the which was helde somewhat difficult but for as much as both good fortune and badde hath no limits he found lesse difficultie then he expected for the same night the greatest part of the Portugals vnder Emanuel de Silua terrified with the skirmi sh of the day the number of the enimies seeming too great hauing abandoned the French retired themselues confusedly to the mountaine although woorthie of admiration for being the very same obstinate rebels which esteemed themselues so great warriors as they would neuer heare motion of accord peace nor pardon it seemed strange that now when as laying a side words they needed effects they departed so shamefully and changed their mindes so sodainely for in their flight they saide that this Ilande appertained to the Catholique king and that it was reason to yeeld it vnto him But wee ought not to value the constancie of the peoples harts nor their valour The Generall of the French seeing the Portugals departure and that Emanuel de Silua who had so highly commended their valour stoode in a traunce he resolued to saue himselfe with his men the day drawing neere he beganne likewise to retire to the mountaine of our Lady of Guadalupa with hope that Silua had giuen him that there in a certaine place of strength he should be able so long to defend himselfe that the kings armie winter drawing on shoulde be forced to retire and that afterwards if they coulde not recouer what they had lost they shoulde haue an easie meanes to returne into Fraunce but for that the quitting of their lodging was not verie safe fearing least the Marques standing vpon his guarde shoulde charge them he caused as many of his soldiers as he could spare to march before leauing some behinde to maintaine skirmish with the Spaniards and to entertaine them a little if they approched But the Marques hauing soone discouered the enimies departure aduanced with his whole armie putting those few that remained to flight he recouered the water and Saint Sebastian with some peeces of artillery where the soldiers hauing refreshed themselues and all the French departed he tooke his way towards the citie of Angra distant about tenne miles finding no let in his march for that the enimie fearefully had taken a contrarie course This citie being nothing fortified to the lande lay open and therefore was abandoned not onely of the soldiers but also of the inhabitants themselues who fledde as well out of the castell as the towne The armie arriued there after great labour for the season being verie hot the countrie drie not finding vpon their march one droppe of water the soldiers endured much and some of them especially of the Germaines died for thirst Being arriued the spoile of the citie continued three daies although the houses were for the most part emptie so as the greatest number of men that were founde there were prisoners whom they set at libertie By meanes of their entrie into the citie all the other fortes were taken for being onely made against the landing they were towards the lande open and indefensible As the armie marched against the towne so did the galleies in like sort against those ships that lay in the harbour drawing neere vnto them they woulde haue forced them to obey with their artillerie but they shot in vaine for being abandoned by such as were left in them there was not any man left to make answere which the galleies discouering they boorded and spoiled them The bootie both at land and sea was not verie great for besides the artillerie they found not any thing of great importance The slaues which were in number aboue fifteene hundred was the greatest recompence they got The citie being spoiled and other places thereabouts the Marques desired that the inhabitants should returne to their houses for although the souldiers which were retired into some place of the mountaines had carried with them some prisoners both men and women the which after they deliuered freely yet the greatest part returned not and therefore he caused a generall proclamation to bee made that euerie man some excepted should freely returne vnto his house but the Portugals beeing distrustfull they were few that came at that time although after by little and little they grew more confident Things being reduced into this estate although the French remained still in the mountaine the Marques thought it fit to send vnto other Ilands to force them to obedience especially to Fayale where there remained a garrison For this consideration hauing imbarqued in his galleies and some other small vessels 2500. foote drawen out of all nations hee sent them to the said Iland vnder the conduct of Peter de Toledo Whilest these went vnto that other enterprise the French remaining in the Iland of Tercerae although they had somewhat fortified themselues in the mountaine being ill prouided of victuals and munition woorse succoured by the Portugals resolued with the most honourable conditions they could to make their composition with the Marques Mounsieuer de Chattes remembred that he had knowen beeing in Malta Peter de Padiglia a gentleman that came with the Marques an expert Marshall of the Spanish campe to whom remembring their familiaritie he did write his minde demanding free passage not only for himselfe and his troupes baggage Armes artillerie and ensignes but also would haue passage graunted for all Portugals that would imbarke
rule offring to entreat you perpetuallie not as a King but as a father and brother to you all Whom doe you esteeme him to be to whome this day we giue the empire ouer vs It is the true stocke the lawfull line and the onely plant which remaines of our Kings he is nephew to king Emanuel of famous memorie borne of Lewes his sonne the greatest and firmest pillars that euer Portugall had to him these realmes appertaine by right but if it were not so as it cannot be otherwise yet shoulde we flying the rest cast our selues into his bosome for by that meanes we should haue assured libertie and by the rest a most certaine bondage and tirannie At the end of this speech there was great reioicing and all cried out a King deliuering into his hands the standerd of the citie Emanuel Fonseca pronounced from the windowes these words as they were accustomed to doe Reale Reale for don Anthony king of Portugall the which was accepted by the people with great ioy And hauing made declaration in writing of this acte the Prior returned to the pallace where soone after taking the ordinarie oath to obserue the priuileges and liberties of the realme and all that other princes were woont to doe he dispatched his messengers with letters to all other cities and places commaunding them to sende vnto him to yeelde their obedience He made many offers to the Duke of Bragance and to the Marques of Villa Reale entreating all other Noblemen to come vnto him to consult of matters concerning the realme But the Duke perswaded likewise by the Deputies of the realme to compound with Anthony woulde not do it the Marques went not and fewe others did acknowledge him But Teglio seeing the Prior now become king without his helpe making she we to go from Belem where he remained to Lisbone to kisse his hands and hauing agreed with Diego Lopez de Sequeira captaine of three galleyes that were in the riuer he imbarked himselfe in one of them with the Bishop of Leiria Anthony de Castro Lord of Cascaies Martin Gonzales de Camera Emanuel Teles Barretto Frauncis de Meneses Lewes Caesar purueior of the Arcynal with some others carying with them fortie or fiftie thousand duckats in golde which he had caused to be brought from the minte at Lisbone vsurping them from Iaques de Bard a Florentine merchant who was the owner And in his departure whē most men beleeued they should go to the citie they tooke their course towards the sea and went to Settuual where the rest of the Gouernours remained yet two of the three galleis disobeying their captaines woulde not followe the foremost but went to the citie Teglio being arriued with his galleis at the mouth of the forte of Settuual the guard of the towne woulde not suffer him to enter but kept him off with their cannon being disimbarked a little on the one side he went by land towards the Gouernors to discharge himselfe but he was not receiued nor acknowledged of them as a companion who both in their writings and their speeches with him vsed him as a priuate Gentleman and not as a Gouernour for punishment of that which he had done at Belem and at Anthony his entrie at Lisbone And this was the only thing wherein the Gouernors shewed their authoritie for in all other things they discouered their feare and inconstancie The Prior seeing these men whereof he helde some of them to be his confident friendes to flie to carrie away the money and to ioine themselues with the Gouernors his aduersaries who began to fortifie Settuual discouered plainly that they had intelligence with the Catholique King that they woulde entertaine themselues in that place vntill the galleis of Italy which they vnderstood had beene trimmed at Saint Marie Porte shoulde arriue in those quarters to giue them entrie at Settuual whereby might ensue his ruine for that the Catholique King entring there with a great armie the citie of Lisbone shoulde be in a manner besieged and therefore hauing first imprisoned some that were suspected vnto him and demaunded money in loane from the merchants he resolued with what speed he could to recouer this place either by loue or force induced to make this haste by the proceeding of Tristan Vaz de Vega captaine of the fortresse of Saint Iulian at the mouth of Tagus to whom hauing written he made answere that he coulde not consigne him the castell nor hold it in his name alleaging that he had taken an oath not to deliuer it but to such as had put it into his hands which were the Gouernors so as Anthony reseruing this for a second enterprise hauing hastily and by force assembled the peasants about the citie the artisans slaues and other people gathered togither which in all came not to fifteene hundreth he transported them to the other side of the riuer but before he himselfe would passe he sent Frauncis of Portugal Count of Vimioso to Settuual to treate with the Gouernors and to perswade them to yeelde to his obedience to whom he did likewise write that they shoulde not dishonour and vndoe themselues seeking rather to giue the crowne to a stranger then to him who was their countreyman that they should come vnto him and he would freely forgiue all things But the Gouernors trusted neither to this letter nor to the wordes of the Earle being greatly bounde to the Catholique King whereof some of them as fauorites to king Henry had assisted to the sentences that had beene pronounced against him Therefore consulting with the Embassadors of the Catholique King they resolued to defend themselues vntill the comming of the kings armie the which they expected howerly But this practise succeeded not for the windes were still so contrarie that the galleis coulde not arriue the which the Duke of Bragance considering he woulde not attend but departed The Counte of Vimioso desirous to expell them from thence hauing incensed the people to sedition aided by the guard of Halberdiers of the court he tooke armes and became master of the Porte many ranne armed to the Gouernors lodging threatning with iniurious words to kill them wherewith being feared and amazed not onely the Gouernors but likewise the Embassadors of the Catholique King and all the Nobilitie of the citie which followed Philips faction some fledde secretly out at the windowes some by sea some by land except the Archbishop of Lisbone and Iohn Teglio who onely remained the one trusting in his calling the other in the workes which he had formerly done in fauour of the Prior and in his kinsemen The Embassadors retired themselues the next day into Castill This act in truth was full of compassion for although the Gouernors for their irresolutions and priuate interests deserued punishment yet mens harts were mooued to see these graue olde men in whom not two howres before the roiall authoritie remained fastned to ropes creepe out at windowes to auoide the furie of a
straggle from the campe hee was most miserable for whilest they ledde him bound such as were armed with their armes religious men with their staues women and children with stones did so pitifully handle him as happie was hee that coulde strike him and their licentious libertie was so great as it was lawfull for any one though most base and for euery slaue to wrong any stranger whatsoeuer to imprison him and sende him to the galleies for charging him to be an enimie the whole people at the least motion would rise and execute what they pleased were it right or wrong Anthony seeing nowe all hope of defence vpon the passage of the riuer lost and a mighty enimie so neere him sought some remedie for his affaires All conditions presented vnto him were most hard For to issue foorth and fight he iudged it a folly finding his defect of men to vanquish much lesse to bring the battaile in question To defend the citie it was impossible for the greatnes thereof being without wals and weake His flight by sea was stopped by the galleies he woulde not hazard to escape by lande being vnable to carry with him many iewels and some money which he had gathered togither and to compounde with the Duke was brother vnto death So as wauering in these thoughts the magistrate of the chamber of Lisbone went vnto him saying That seeing the enimy was so neere and so mightie they would not bring the safetie of the citie in question nor so gouerne themselues that being weake it shoulde be a praie to the soldiers that therefore hee shoulde prepare to issue foorth and defend it the which if he did not the citie coulde do no lesse then prouide for her owne safetie He answered that the time was nowe come when as they shoulde aide him with men entertained at their owne charge which doing he hoped with many others which hee had assembled God woulde giue him the victorie but the magistrate excused they coulde not do it for the great charge they had beene at by reason of the plague whereunto he replied that within two daies howsoeuer he woulde frame his campe and march against the Duke For this cause hauing let passe the fourth day of August most vnhappie to the Portugals for the losse of the battaile in Affrick and hauing left some of his most precious things in certaine religious houses he commaunded that all soldiers which had beene long before inrolled and all the people of Lisbone without exception of person whatsoeuer should march towards Belem the which was executed with great rigour forcing many to go in person For although the hatred against the Castillians were in generall yet the tailor the shoemaker the handicrafts men and the peasants who bragged that they alone woulde conquer the whole world did not willingly leaue their houses but fainting daily they chose rather to encounter with wordes then bullets besides being accustomed to an other trade and vnfit for warre they had not beene trained to shoote in a Harquebuse vnapt to carrie much lesse to mannage a pike So as of this forced and tumultuarie people they had assembled eight or ten thousand at Belem whither in the ende Anthony went who still doubtfull and ill aduised without any resolution expecting what time woulde counsaile him The resolution whereon he most depended was that if the Duke came against the citie to meete him vpon the waie with some aduantage if he coulde and giue him battaile propounding like a desperate man either to vanquish or to die yet soone after when the occasiō was presented he could neither effect the one nor the other His troupes lay not encamped but were dispersed heere and there within the houses of that small place vnder the porches of the monasterie and other such like without either forme or strength of a lodging He had no captaine of experience no marshall of the fielde nor sergeant that coulde commaund the soldiers lodge them and put them in battaile if neede were Sforce Orsin a yoong man and valiant but of no great experience was come out of Italy at the brute of these warres yet being a stranger and alone he was not obeied neither did they greatly trust him The priuate captaines of companies had no experience and there was so great want of men that some friers were made captaines of the Moores and of the scum of the people carrying in one hande their crosses and in the other their armes It is not to be forgotten as a thing not accustomed the mutinies growen in religious houses where being deuided into factions fewe were affected to the Castillians few remained newters and infinite were those that affected the rule of Anthony for the fauouring of whose cause they committed manie disorders The priests were no more temperate then the rest many whereof hauing left their priestly habite were gone to field armed In this confusion Anthony remained three daies at Belem whilest the Duke approched slowly The fourth day hee considered that although there came still vnto him some soldiers which had beene leuied in all the cities of the realme yet the armie diminished daily for that the inhabitants of the citie left him who hauing their houses neere not accustomed to the discommodities of warre fled from him therefore he sent to Lisbone commaunding vpon great punishments to bring vnto him by force al such as should be found armed or vnarmed defending that no man shoulde retire to anie other place but where he was desiring that as well the cowardes as the valiant shoulde runne the like fortune with him supposing as king Sebastian had done to his losse it were possible to force men to fight that were both vnskilfull and vnwilling And forasmuch as his onely hope consisted in the peoples fauour to the ende they shoulde follow him more willingly he graunted vnto all but especially to those of his traine free libertie the which carrying with it confusion was cause of great harme for as the whole citie was filled with Negroes and Peasants the quieter sorte had more feare of the people thē of the enimy yet was there not seene any one to powre foorth his hate or commit any priuate reuenge of small or great importance not for that there are not many dissentions and factions amongst them but being more apt to reuenge themselues by the toong then by sworde All rigour to force men to the fielde preuailed little for feare encreasing with this diligence they hidde themselues the more the which Anthony perceiuing finding himselfe in no assurance at Belem hauing the enimies campe so neere and a conquerour he was aduised to passe on and to lodge about the wals of the rocke of Saint Iulian supposing that two good effects woulde grow thereby the one that his armie should be more safe vnder the fauour of the cannon and of the tower the other that he should assure this forte being the only defence of the whole realme But this aduise being disallowed
and I am so well assured that although we shall be now separated one from another that shortly we shall be assembled againe to your great benefite and profite and to the shame and dishonour of our enimies These words did mooue the harts and eies of many no man answering him a word so as being retired with his faithfull followers he departed as it were in secret without publishing his departure and going to the Monasterie of Aronca by the vnknowen way of Vairam and Barcellos hee came to Viana Sanches d' Auila hauing passed all his troupes and put the Portugals that kept the passage to flight he came against the towne the which being ignorant of the Priors intent manned with many soldiers resolued to defend themselues keeping the Castillians all they could from approaching with their artillerie Being come to the enimies cannon Rodericke Sapatta arriued at the same instant with his boates who landed without any contradiction but the Portugals preuented them with their flight so as there remained not any one Sanches did long pursue such as fled and caused his horse to followe them but the rainie day and the diuersitie of the waies gaue them good meanes to escape so as the Castillians returned with the slaughter of few The conquerors beleeued that the Prior was yet remaining in the citie seeing them make shew of defence and continually to play with their artillerie the which did small hurt But whilest that Sanches looked about who made resistance and sought out the fittest lodging to force the towne the citizens discouering the Priors flight changed their resolutions making a signe of peace with a white cloth from the wals which was an assurance of the victorie and of the Priors flight by reason whereof diuiding his horsemen into two parts he caused them to pursue him by two diuers waies and the magistrate of the citie issuing foorth yeelded his obedience who offering to open the gates Sanches commaunded him to the contrarie for feare of the soldiers who were greedie of the spoile But notwithstanding this order from the captaine the city was in danger to be sacked for remaining yet within some of the Priors soldiers as some of the chiefe of the Castillians entred by one of the gates the inhabitants let foorth the Portugals by an other the which they coulde not do so secretly but they were discouered by some of the companies that lay abroad who suffring them to passe entred by the same gate and began to spoile some houses on that side of the towne and so had continued with the rest if before the arriuall of the other companies Sanches d' Auila hearing the noise had not runne in person with the officers and staied them by his authoritie In the meane time the Prior entring Viana finding he coulde no longer make resistance within the realme resolued to imbarke and saile into Fraunce and for that cause did furnish a ship but forbore to imbarke by reason of the contrarie winde At this time there arriued at Viana one part of those horse which persued him hauing intelligence of his being there against whom the citie put themselues in armes But the captaine saying vnto them that if they refused to obey they should be spoiled by the armie which approched and would arriue that day or the next they grew amased and yeelded vpon condition to haue their liues and goods saued Vpon the view of these horsemen the Prior finding himselfe in so great danger in a place of small trust and disarmed resolued rather to contest against the waues and windes then against the enimie and therefore he imbarked with the Bishop and some other of his traine hoping that whilest the citie made resistance hee lying there concealed some small winde woulde driue them from the lande But fortune to speake after the common phrase seemed not yet wearie of him for the sea swelled more and the windes encreased and continued so long that the Castillians being entred and demanding for him they had intelligence he was in the shippe making preparation to go take him wherof they seemed to be assured But the Prior vnderstanding thereof seeing into what danger he was now brought hauing deuided his treasure which was not great to such as were about him hee attired himselfe like a marriner and accompanied with the Earle and Bishop and some of his other fauorites with the most pretious things that he had he tooke boate in great danger of drowing landing vpon the other banke of the riuer of Minio the which is directly against the citie The which the Castillians discouering made haste to pursue him But for as much as the riuer is not to be passed there before the Castillians could embarke he had time to saue himselfe loosing all his seruants and some things of price yet had hee all his most precious iewels sowed in his garments True it is that since there was found in Castill some peeces of the rich caparison where of I made mention in a souldiers possession who said he had then taken it from one of the Priors slaues but the King suspicious that Anthonie had beene his prisoner and deliuered for that ransome kept him long in prison It seemed that Fortune did accompanie the Prior to preserue him it may be for some greater affliction for this Realme for at the same instant he left his boate and went to lande there arriued on the same side that other troupe of horsemen that pursued him who had easily taken him if they had once suspected he had beene there but discouering on the other side a troupe of horse imbarking to passe the riuer not able to discerne by reason of the distance whether they were friends or enemies nor for what reason they passed they were in doubt what to doe during which time the Prior retired himselfe And although by their approch they found by their colours who they were yet before the one could vnderstand the others resolution the time was spent and they effected nothing The king did now beginne to recouer his health after so dangerous a sicknesse at which time Queene Anne his wife fell sicke of a rotten feuer the which in few daies brought her to another life wherewith the king was much grieued being a Ladie wholy conformable to his humour and indued with singular bountie Hauing recouered his former health forbearing to enter the realme vntill all were reduced to his obedience seeing now the Prior to be defeated and to hide himselfe he went to Eluas the first citie of the realme where the Portugals receiued him with great ioy for that in this citie and others bordering vpon Castill their hatred is not so mortall against the Castillians as in other places There he did open the barred hauens that is he disanulled the imposts which were paied as well in Castill as in Portugall of all such merchandize as passed from realme to realme the which amounted yeerely to 150000. duckats he
the Doctors which had read and writ against him with great mildenes but also with a noble resolution confirmed them in their lectures and preferred others to them that were voide In the meane time the Pope discouering the Priors weakenesse to maintaine Portugall and that there was no meanes of agreement hauing called home his Legate he seemed well content with Philips successe saying that his onely intention was to auoid wars so as hauing obtained great rewardes for his sonne or at the least assured hopes he graunted vnto the king that George de Taida bishop of Viseu who was his first chaplaine shoulde be iugde without appeale of all causes concerning the Ecclesiasticall rebels and of the proces of their confiscations so as the Prior in a manner doomed to sentence of death with the Bishop of Guarda and others were againe cited by edicts to be depriued by iustice of all spirituall liuings they held within the realme There was yet no newes of him notwithstanding the reward promised and the great care the Castilians vsed through the realme to finde him yet were they daily lesse certaine for that disguised in a base habite hee went vnknowne oftentimes amongst those that sought for him He had intelligence that the Counte of Vimioso was come by land into Fraunce labouring to mooue the French to warre against the Catholique King promising great succours by the people in the matters of Portugal By reason whereof and for the Priors concealement the King kept in a manner his whole armie dispersed in the fortresses and cities of the realme and although hee had dismissed the Italians and sent the greatest part of his galleies into Italy yet they gaue out that he after repented the realme seeming daily lesse peaceable and that the French in those parts might arme a good number of ships of warre and more conueniently in that sea then the galleies whereof fowre being in Algarues had taken a French pirate with great slaughter who being a knight of Malta had fought valiantly By reason of these garrisons of the rigor of officers of the smal recompence that was giuen them and of the conceite that the Prior was yet within the realme the Portugals harts beganne to turne some of them assembled at times lamented the miserie wherein they seemed to be by their not agreeing to defend themselues or not yeelding in time yet the greatest part held opinion that vnited togither they might haue made resistance They could not endure that the Castillian officers shoulde intermeddle in matters of iustice as they pretēded to do neither was the Portugals disdaine appeased in saying that the King hauing commaunded Iohn Andrew Doria Prince of Melfy to conduct the Empresse his sister into Spaine whom he had caused to come out of Germany was for no other cause but to leaue her Gouernesse in Portugall and so returne into Castill and that as a woman she shoulde raigne with greater mildenes then the kings of Portugall had done for although this was the common discourse yet many helde opinion that the king should not depart being constrained to keepe garrisons the which he would not dismisse vntill he were better assured of the Prior of whom they spake diuersly for some helde that he was dead and spoiled by the Castilians who for that they woulde yeelde no account of the iewels he had about him kept it secret Others saide that he had sent into Fraunce and England from whence hee expected great armies at whose arriuall he would discouer himselfe Many supposed that he shoulde keepe himselfe secret within the realme vntill the death of Philip who according to their discourse coulde not liue long and yet was there small difference betwixt their ages at what time shewing himselfe as hee did vpon the death of king Henry hee shoulde againe take possession of the realme the kingdomes of Castill remaining in the handes of pupilles And although some beleeued that he was departed the realme yet the greatest part helde that he was there yet labouring to escape as couertly as he coulde fearing to be taken prisoner the which was true indeede as it appeared by some of his friends that were taken in the porte of Lisbone who sought to imbarke with some prouision of victuals they had made who confessed vpon the racke that he was in the realme amongst which was Peter d'Alpoe Doctor of the lawes who since for that cause and others of high treason lost his head at Lisbone The Estates were now ended and the king desirous to goe to Lisbone but for that the preparations and triumphs which the citie pretended were not yet ready he went to Almada which is directly against the citie vpon the other banke of Tagus to giue them time to finish their preparations At what time the King hauing intelligence that those of the Ilands of Terceraes notwithstanding the letters which Ambrose d'Aguiar had carried stoode firme in their first resolution of defence hee sent Peter Baldes with fower ships sixe hundreth Spanish foote and some cannon with commandement to assure himselfe fully of the Iland of Saint Michaell which was obediēt to spoile the ships which should come from the Indies not to attēpt any thing by land vntill he had sent a greater supply of men The Court was ill appointed at Almada and the needfull ministers for dispatches could not all bee lodged there The King desirous to enter the citie would not attende after Saint Peters day when passing the water with his galleies he lāded in the city vpon a bridge of wood framed for that purpose without giuing them time to finish their arches statues prepared for his entry But the sloth and ignorance of the workemen was in parte cause yet did they make a sumptuous preparation Vpon the bridge he was met by the Magistrate of the chamber where Doctor Hector de Pyna one of them spake thus in the behalfe of the citie shewing the ioy they had conceiued of his entrie That as this citie was the greatest in the worlde so God had deseruedly giuen them conformeable to their owne desires a great monarch to bee their Lorde Hee excused the people saying That if they had no sooner obeied it was done rather by errour then their owne free will and that remaining in their owne power to choose a king they woulde haue made election of no other then himselfe And touching the death of Ferrant de Pyna hee saide that this citie had first of all shedde bloude for his seruice seeing that the saide Ferrant when as Anthony caused him to bee wounded was a member of this Magistrate He excused likewise the sleightnes of their ioyes by the afflictions of the warre the spoile of the citie and the plague remembring their losses of Affricke concluding that they hoped by his Maiesties fauours this realme shoulde not bee saide vnited vnto Castill but that all the other realmes were ioyned vnto Portugall Hee then went on horsebacke vnder a canopie of
cloth of golde vnto the Cathedrall church the streetes being richly hanged were full of people who made shewe of great ioy for the Kings arriuall where hauing done his deuotion hee went in the same sortvnto the pallace accompanied with all the nobilitie on foote This realme within the space of two yeeres had as a man may say fiue kings a thing seldome or neuer happened in any other place and it seemed that God in so short a time had thus altered the state of things for the peoples punishment for all of them wasted their poore subiects Sebastian by his rashnes Henry by his irresolution the gouernours by feare and their priuate interest Anthonie by tyrannie and Philip by armes But when all was in a manner quiet he entred this citie the proper seate of their kings It was supposed the sorrowes and troubles passed shoulde now be conuerted into ioy and quietnes but for that it is an equall punishment to a people either to haue tyrants ruling by force or to make a bad election of gouernours The Portugals were scourged with this last rod desiring rather to be commanded by Anthonie being of so small might and with all other disgraces that proceeded from him then by the great power of Philip impatient to see him so slacke in deuiding amongst them the dignities commaunderies and reuenues of the crowne whereby they grew out of hope euer to draw such recompences from the Court of Castill as they had vsually drawen from that of Portugal And although he had giuen vnto Frauncis de Sada sometimes gouernour the title of Earle of Matosignos to Ferrant de Norogna that of Lignares which his father enioyed made as it is said Christopher de Mora one of his chamber and established Peter d'Alcasoua in his office of Chamberlaine contrarie to the decree of king Henry wherein although the king of himselfe were well inclined and resolued to dispatch euery one with greater liberalitie then the kings of Portugall had euer done yet this distribution according to the new decree appertaining to the Councell of state of Portugall wherein as it is said their opinions being diuerse and the respects of hatred and loue diuers nothing was resolued and the abundance of petitions caused these delaies for that euerie one either iustly or without cause demaunded recompence so as the whole realme did not seeme sufficient to content them the which being ill considered by many they said he would stay from giuing vntill he were assured of the Ilands and of Anthonies person But the king finding that these difficulties and the slacknes in proceeding grew by the excessiue number of Counsellors resolued according to the custome of former kings to referre the dispatch of such as demaunded recompence vnto two persons alone the which were Anthony Pignero Bishop of Leiria and to Christopher de Mora It may be seeming vnto him that these two amongst the other officers were most free from all priuate respects the Bishop for that he was neere his graue by reason of his age and infirmitie although of a sounde iudgement and without kinsemen and Mora being a creature of the kings bredde in Castill and helde for vertuous and fearing God The estate of the Terceraes grew daily woorse with whom all trafficke was interdict there was newes that this people being verie obstinate called in forraine succours resoluing in no sort to obey Philip They vnderstood that Peter Baldes was arriued and that the Kings letters with the rewarde he had carried for that nation were not receiued but contemned By reason whereof the King desirous to subdue them before the ende of this sommer and iudging the enterprise easie for that they had no trained soldiers armed certaine ships and furnished them with soldiers vnder the conduct of Lopo de Figueroa who staied not long before he departed with commission to attempt with Baldes to become master of the Ilands Baldes lay nowe about the Ilands expecting the Indian fleete his marriners had often both by day and night landed with their boates to steale grapes which were then ripe drawing sometimes neere the rockes vpon the which the Portugals had planted behinde a small rampire three or fower iron peeces they parlied often with them the one not fearing the other Peter de Baldes finding the Portugals carelesnes and being aduertised that some within the Ilands amongst a great multitude were well affected to the Catholique king had often resolued to sende some men on lande to the end that such as followed the kings partie who were saide to lie in the mountaines might ioine with them and altogither set vpon the citie of Angra or at the least so fortifie themselues at land as they shoulde not be repulsed But for as much as this resolution with so small a troupe was dangerous and against the Kings commission the which knowing well he did not execute yet hauing intelligence that Lopo de Figueroa was to be sent from Lisbone to vndertake this enterprise with a great number of men who being arriued hee shoulde be commaunded to obey he did confidently beleeue that at his comming either by loue or by force he woulde be master of this Iland and winne that honour whereunto he aspired So as such force hath the desire of honour hauing ill measured his forces against the Kings commaundement he made haste rashly to trie whether the resolution which hee had formerly conceiued woulde succeed well whereunto he was likewise perswaded by some of the Iland who as vnskilfull had their wils more ready then their power So as earely on Saint Iames his day in the morning hauing shipped in a manner all his soldiers in their boates hee sent them to lande whereas the marriners had beene accustomed to go betwixt Angra and Praia the which they call the house of Salga where hauing founde small or no resistance they landed easily and the Portugals who had the guarde of this artillerie fearefully fledde away The Castillians being now become masters thereof began to builde a small rampier of stone to the ende they might holde a more firme footing on lande and retire such as followed the Catholique kings partie but they had no time for the inhabitants of Angra hearing the Castillians were landed had giuen the allarum by bels and other great noise so as many of their stoutest issued foorth to skirmish and although they did no matter of importance many returning terrified or hurte yet did they keepe the enimie from fortifying who remaining in that place from the morning vntill afternoone there went not any one Portugall vnto them for although there were some disposed thereunto yet durst they not distrusting both the one and the other being chiefly terrified by the example of Iohn de Betancour one of the principals of that place who hauing conspired with aboue a hundreth citizens vpon a certaine day to runne armed through the citie and proclaine King Philip he supposed with his authoritie and the
the yeere of our Lord 1466. Alphonse the fifth King of Portugal going into Fraunce to demaund succours of Lewis the eleuenth for the warres which he had against the Catholique King Ferdinand he obtained nothing at all but hauing spent some time in vaine returned home in dispaire But laying aside all olde examples it seemes that if the French should haue risen in fauour of Anthonie either to aide him sincerely or to vse him as an instrument to set footing in Portugall they might haue done it with better meanes in the yeere 1580. when possibly they might haue disquieted Philip in taking of possession or at the least kept him that yeere from passing the riuer of Tagus so as it seemed strange to see Fraunce send foorth so great an Army out of season in fauour of Anthonie a fugitiue But the estate of worldly affaires considered it seemes there are new reasons wherby the French should be more easily induced then they had beene then for to haue a brother to the King of Frannce in a manner to possesse the states of Flaunders and the Queene mother to pretend to the inheritance of the Realme of Portugall and to be mooued against Philip were all subiects to draw the French readie against this Realme and diuert the Spanish forces In this while the French army arriued at the Iland of Saint Michaell the fifteene of Iuly before the Spanish and drawing neere the village of Laguna there they cast anchor and landed aboute two thousand foote This Iland hath not aboue an hundred miles in circuit it is in forme so long and narrow that extending it selfe from East to West aboue fortie miles it hath not aboue twelue in breadth that part which looketh to the South is most fertill and best inhabited for towardes the North except one village which they call Riuiera the great there are fewe dwellings Vpon that part which is towardes the South beginning from the East and at the Cape which they call Morro running towards the West there are diuers habitations The first which is fiue and twentie miles from Morro they call Villa Franca wherein there are fiue hundred houses The second Acqua de Palo the third Laguna all smally peopled The fourth is the towne which they call Punta Delgada greater then the rest the which hath vpon the West a small Castle Betwixt these dwellings there runne into the sea some promontories the first before you come to Villa Franca is called Punta de Garza the second La Gallea betwixt the saide place and Acqua de Palo betwixt Laguna and the citie there are two others but lesse that is Pugnette and Teste de Chien At the point of Pugnette towardes Laguna as I haue saide the French landed and hauing spoiled the village they marched on to seeke for greater Pray A little before Ambrose D' Aguiar who had the place of Gouernour was deceased in the towne and although his wiues sonne would haue succeeded in the Gouernment yet it seemed that Peter Peixotto Captaine of the fiue ships was amongst the Portugals of greatest authoritie but Laurence Noghera a man of courage and valour was Captaine ouer the Spanish souldiers in that which concerned matters of warre All the inhabitants being fearefull had alreadie transported their wiues and goods vnto the mountaines and hauing discouered the Armie this feare increasing the towne remained emptie of all things The chiefe beeing assembled in counsell they resolued to run their ships on ground that the enimy might haue no vse of them and goe to field with their Spanish souldiers with the Biscayne marrines and such Portugals as would goe the which was not fully executed for the Biscaines would not suffer their ships to be broken and Peter Peixotto was vnwilling to haue his men defeated yet the souldiers put themselues in order to march against the French led by Noghera and Peixotto They had gathered togither aboue two thousand Portugals who with the Castillian souldiers and Biscaine mariners made neere three thousand but Laurence Noghera being doubtfull of the Portugals before their departure exhorted them with milde wordes to fight making shew of feare that they would abandon him but they made answere offering themselues with such willingnes and courage as he hoped to preuaile and therefore issuing foorth against the enemie he hoped to force them to retire The French drew neere vnto him but hauing intelligence by their auant courrers they resolued before they approched neerer to leaue the right way and goe to the citie and castle without fighting hoping to finde all vnfurnished for this cause hauing left the sea shoare they went more to land which being knowne to Noghera altering his course he went to encounter them The skirmish being begun when as the captaine hoped to vse his men hee saw his Portugals flie so as being vnable with his Castillians and Biscaines to withstande so great a force of the enimie he retired himselfe to the castell being wounded with the losse of some of his men where soone after hee died the remainder being in hope amongst the which the Bishop Peter de Castiglia behaued himselfe wisely to be able to defende themselues although they had more hope in the comming of the Catholique armie then in their forces Peter Peixotto although he were in credite amongst them yet fearing that all was lost stealing foorth by night with a carauell hee went to Lisbone to aduertise the Marquesse but it was not his happe to meete him yet was he for all this being a Portugall fauoured of the king There appeered at this time amongst the Ilands one of the Indian ships very rich yet the French were not so happie as to meete with it although it sailed almost in viewe of the Terceres for hauing intelligence by a French shippe of the occurrents of those parts hee left his right course and went to Cape Saint Vincent from thence to Lisbone in safetie The newes of these things which Peixotto brought to Lisbone did more confirme the hopes of the Anthonians then trouble the Castillians or their followers for those varied in their thoughts vpon euery small euent and to those who were more setled it seemed that hitherto the French had not onely done any thing of importance but contrarie to that which good soldiers ought to doe they had assailed this Iland For that it seemed their principal intention being to seaze vpon the Indian fleete or to cause a tumult within the realme they shoulde not busie themselues and spende time in any other action with small hope of gaine for that the Iland being weake and the towne without wals it was apparant that to be masters thereof with trouble were to labour in vaine for although they did subdue it yet the weakenesse and facilitie of landing will alwaies force them to obey whom soeuer shoulde bee master at sea besides they were in danger the Spanish fleete arriuing whilest they were troubled on lande their armie founde at
anchor might easily be defeated yet the French seemed little to feare it for that they remained long carelesse at lande at what time Anthony was lodged in the couent of Saint Rocke neere vnto the armie labouring both by wordes and threatning to haue the forte and being after come to the towne hee wrote generally to all that were within requiring them to consigne it into his handes as his owne offring to suffer them to depart freely but hauing no answere conformable to his desires he caused some peeces of artillerie to bee landed from the ships to batter it but there followed no effect for the Spanish armie arriued Which hauing sayled eleuen daies with varietie of weather hauing discouered the Iland not being ioyned with the ships and galleies which were parted from Andelouzia but onely the number which came from Lisbone whereof there remained fower ships and some carauels behinde three of them let with the tides could not get out of the riuer of Tagus with the rest and the fourth returned backe vpon a great leake so as the Armie consisted but of eight and twentie ships for although the other three got foorth the next day yet they arriued not with the rest at Saint Michaels but before them where hauing intelligence of the French they went to sea without ioyning afterwardes with the armie The first place the Marques discouered was Le Morro the one and twentith day of Iuly and arriued the two and twentith at Villa Franche without hauing any intelligence of the French Armie In this arriuall the Spaniards had some disaduantage for that the enimies lying close to the land with their ships and in a manner couered sawe them come a farre off without being discouered by them The day before the Marques had sent foorth Captaine Aguirre with two carauelles armed to discouer with instructions what course he should take if he found the enimie to whom he deliuered letters for Ambrose D'Aguiar of whose death he was ignorant whereby he did aduertise him of the comming of the armie of the number of men and ships he had and how he did howerly expect the ships and galleies prepared in Andelouzia demaunding newes of the French armie if it were passed with how many saile and for what place saying that his intention was to fight with them and therefore hee should will Peter Peixotto prepare himselfe with his ships to follow him As the Marques had cast anchor vnder Villa Franca one of the three carauels which had staied behinde and after passed them being laden with horses came vnto the Captaines ship assuring them that the three ships which had remained within the riuer of Tagus were arriued two daies before at the Ilande and were returned backe and that certaine French ships had taken two other carauels laden with horses and that they did hardly escape them But the Marques gaue no trust vnto their words although the French armie were there he sent other men to lande to learne the truth who returned soone without knowing any certaintie for that their approch to lande being defended they had contrarie reports made vnto them Notwithstanding the Marques did still see more apparant signes of the disobedience of the Ilande especially vpon the returne of one of the caruels of Captaine Aguirre the which reported that the saide Captaine with the other had beene taken by a French ship for this cause the Marques called Lopo de Figueroa Marshall of the field to councell where they resolued betwixt them to land some men both to take in fresh water to haue certaine intelligence of the affaires and to approch with the armie to some more conuenient place for that effect But they remained not long in these doubts for they had no sooner appointed some to discouer some better anchoring place the armie being vnder saile they began to discouer towards the towne certaine ships the which increasing still in number came against them iudging what it was as in truth it was the enimy laying aside what they had treated of hauing assembled Peter of Toledo the marshall of the Campe generall the Marques of Fauara Peter Taxis Commissarie generall Frauncis Bouadiglia Marshall of the field and some other gentlemen and Captaines they called a new councell where it was propounded whether they should fight or take any other partie The Castillian armie had no place of retreat to returne backe they could not without great danger to get the winde of the French there was no meanes for with their lighter shippes and easier to turne into the winde they might chase flie fight and retire themselues from fight at their pleasure So as the Spanish Captaines framing their opinions according to the necessitie the matters standing so as the free election remained not in them resolued to fight Anthonie hauing by the letters which the Marques had written to Ambrose d'Aguiar taken in the carauel with Aguirre intelligence what forces they had and what they expected and with all of his intention for this cause he had resolued with Strozzi Brissac and the Counte Vimioso that it was fittest to fight with this armie consisting of so small a number of ships before the other part which they expected should arriue and therefore hauing imbarqued with all possible speed they came in battell against the Marques hauing first laboured but in vaine to take the Castel by new threatnings Then did the Marques appoint what order hee would haue the armie keepe in the fight Vpon the right side of his gallion called S. Martin he placed that of Saint Mathew wherein was Lopo de Figueroa and on the left that of Frauncis Bouadiglia with fower other ships of succour all the rest were put in order onely Christopher d'Erasso remained behinde with a great ship of importance for that hauing his mast a little crased he durst not vse any force so as the Marques had but seuen and twentie ships in all the which especially in the two gallions they gaue verie good order for the fight For hauing deuided the souldiers into their rankes and appointed diuers commanders they prouided not onely for all necessities but also for any thing that could chaunce with great iudgement but it was in vaine for at that time the armies came not neere one another by seuen or eight miles both for that the winde was scant as also for that the night approched so as after the Marques had discharged a peece of artillerie as it were in signe of Battell the French bent towards the citie and the Catholique armie turned to sea not hauing any intelligence of what had passed at lande neither should he haue had it so soone by any other meanes if the same night Iohn de Castillio who had succeeded Laurence Noghero in the castell had not aduertised the Marques what had happened in the Iland and assured him that the fortresse held yet both to the ende he should haue care to succour it and to haue succour from thence if need
lost his head and many others put to death And the returne of the armie to Andelouzia THE estate of the Realme after the Kings departure remained all that winter quiet and although the people had their mindes yet disquieted and some of the nobilitie not fully satisfied hauing left the kings court and the Cardinals likewise retyred themselues to their castles and houses yet no man durst shew any discontent The greatest part although they loued peace and desired the tranquillitie of the Realme yet were they in their hearts contented to see the Terceres make resistance and continue in the deuotion of Anthonie and the French supposing that whilest the King had any warres he would entreat them better and beare them more respect then they thought hee should doe if all were pacified neither preuailed it that the Portugalles were made much of in Castile and admitted neere the King as they had woonte to bee when hee was in Portugall nor yet that the saide King had it may bee to make the present gouernement conformeable to that was passed obtained from the Pope the authoritie of the Legate for the Cardinall euen as Henry enioied it the which bredde a great benefite to the realme for as it hapneth to passionate mindes they were not remooued from their opinion for the Cardinall being made Legate for two yeeres onely they feared that the time being expired they woulde take an occasion to recall him into Castill and so the Realme should be reduced into a prouince and that the king remaining at Madrill shoulde gouerne it At that time Sanches d'Auila died being stroke with a horse for that leauing chirurgerie he woulde be cured by a soldier with certaine blessings the which caused the Castillians to mourne for although he were but marshall generall of the fielde yet remaining after the death of the Duke of Alua of greatest knowledge amongst the Spaniards in the arte of warre there was not any man neere the Duke of Gandia of so great experience Hee was a man without feare and happie in warre esteemed by the Duke of Alua aboue all the soldiers of his time but this life which he had vnto his olde age so happily aduentured at the cannons mouth was nowe taken away by death vpon a small mischance In Fraunce it seemed that all the French were turned vnto the affaires of Flaunders affecting them more then Portugall and although there were an intent at the Priors instance to set foorth some ships of warre yet founde they therein coldenes and want of money whereby it appeered that whereas they attempted something it should not be to offend but rather to prouide for defence And although they had now intelligence that certaine French ships guided by the Portugals and especially by one Emanuel Serradas had inuaded the Ilands of Cape Vert and spoiled some part of them yet they made no account thereof vnderstanding they were but small barkes of pirates At the Terceres Emanuel de Silua was still gouernour who shewed himselfe an obstinate enimie to the Catholique King a faithfull minister to the Prior and a cruell persecutor of the Philippines Notwithstanding ill disposed of small iudgment and little experience With these his qualities he afflicted the poore people in diuers manners for the meanes which he inuented to borrow money to molest and condemne many persons were insupportable The pride arrogancie whereunto he was growen as it hapneth often in him that is not accustomed to commaund made him seeme inuincible and immortall the wrongs he committed were so infinite that iustice had lost her place the libertie his friendes and seruants tooke vpon them was without restraint the subiection and seruitude of those that did not flatter him was such as the slaues were more free I leaue the executions he committed vpon such as would haue compounded with the Catholique king and coulde not conceale their mindes for vsing many stratagemes to discouer their affections wherein as he founde any one lesse obstinate then himselfe hee was miserable being cruelly punished both in body and goods And for this occasion he caused manie to be slaine betraied by one Amador Vieira who hauing beene secretlie sent into this Iland by King Philip to continue his followers in their fidelitie to sounde the disposition of the people and to drawe all he coulde to his deuotion after he had wel executed his charge he reuealed vnto Silua such as had discouered themselues by whom they were miserablie afflicted And as tyrannie taught him he daily made newe ordinances and lawes in the name of Anthony the officers and ministers of iustice in the citie which were vsually chosen by voices he alone woulde haue the naming of them He was not onely contented to obserue those lawes which treated of high treason but also made a new lawe more seuere that such as did but talke of that matter shoulde suffer death and that such witnesses should serue although lesse in number then the auncient lawes had ordained He would haue the sentences in such cases registred by the Magistrate of the citie for a perpetuall memorie to all to terrifie and tyrannize the more There was within the Iland little aboue seauen hundreth French soldiers one onely company of English and about three thousand Portugals it was fortified on all partes where they might lande with aboue thirtie fortes and many trenches made with such arte and diligence as it seemed impossible to enter if they were guarded And although these thinges with the other qualities of the place made it vneasie to force yet Silua iudged it stronger then it was and did trust as a man of no experience more in the defenders then was conuenient In the meane time they prepared an armie for sea at Lisbone and assembled the Spanish soldiers to imploy them against this Iland vnder the command of the Marques of Saint a Croix being more in number both in ships and men then the yeere before besides there was speech to sende fowre galliasses and twelue galleies for which cause they shortned their yardes prouiding square sailes and of a thirde maste which they call the meane In Spaine there were diuers opinions concerning this armie making diuers discourses thereon both by worde and writing Such as were not to be imploied in this action to whom no part of the honour or praise did belong made it easie saying that the people were alreadie so wearied poore and oppressed by the garrisons as the armie should no sooner appeere but they woulde bee at the Kings deuotion And the cause why they did no sooner yeeld was the subiection wherein they were held and although they neither would nor coulde come to composition yet were they easie to force for the citie of Angra and all other places being dismantled and weake they had no other defence then the landing the which they supposed were impossible to hinder proouing by ancient and latter examples that in warre there was no meanes to stoppe
although it were not verie great in number yet we may say the Catholique king had neuer so many trained Spaniards as in this For besides that the greatest part had beene in Italy such as had beene in the battaile at sea of the league against the Turke were there and likewise those that remained at the warres of Flaunders As the fleete went out of the riuer a shippe striking against a shelfe was made vnfitte to saile and an other hauing not sailed farre lost her helme but hauing transported their soldiers into other ships they went to harbour This fleete sailing altogither the swiftest shippe of saile was faine to staie her course for the slowest and the galleies being of all other swiftest were constrained to linger for the shippes but for as much as this was the first time that euer these kinde of vessels with oares had beene within the Ocean so farre from land the Marques wished that they should not lose the occasiō of faire weather which they had to passe the gulph fearing that euery small storme might endomage them he therefore desired rather to dismember them from the armie then to retaine them with peril For this cause the xxvj day vnderstanding the Patrons desire to goe before he suffered them to depart alone towards the Iland of S. Michael with order to attende him there so as sailing more at ease with scant windes the thirde of Iuly they discouered land And for that the winde woulde not suffer the armie to approch the Marques sent a Zabre vnto Punta Delgada commanding Augustine Iniquez coronel of two thousand Spaniards which had remained there the yere before for the guard of the Iland to shippe all his men within the galleies which had arriued there before in safetie he shoulde likewise take with him certaine peeces of batterie and moiles to vse at lande if neede were with other prouisions and therefore setting vp all his sailes the winde growing somewhat better he drew neere with his ships to Villa Franca and from thence went in a galley to Punta Delgada where likewise a part of the armie had cast anchor hee set all things in order but the windes growing contrary he coulde not depart before the xxij day when as setting saile hee came the xxiiij to the Terceres This Iland is scituated as is said in the fortith degree of latitude and three hundreth forty two of longitude it hath fortie miles in circuite extending it selfe in length from the east vnto the west so as it is not much aboue twelue miles broad although it be rough for the most part and stony yet is it in a maner all inhabited towards the south for the commoditie of the shoares it is more populous then the rest for comming from the west you first discouer the citie of Angra a place in a small bosome of the sea but not greatly secure from the windes where of it takes the name for Angra in their language is a bosome Ioyning to this citie there is a castell begun in the time of King Sebastian and made defensible for the garde of this porte Sixe miles towards the east neere vnto a dangerous shoare which they call the port of Mole is Saint Sebastian a place smally inhabited and three miles farther is that of Piaggia so called being the best landing place of all others This place is neere vnto Punta de la Serra which is the last promontorie towards the East behinde the which turning to the North is another place which they call Agua Alua sixe miles from that of Piaggia This coast towards the North although it be as we haue saide inhabited yet doth it not containe any places of woorth being replenished onely with peasants houses neere to the point of the West there is a small assembly of inhabitants which they call the Altari The Marques being arriued at this Iland he discouered within that small bosome of sea of the citie of Angra those ships which had brought the succours and some others assembled for spoile with some merchants He cast anchor at Saint Sebastian beginning visiblie to finde that the Iland was no lesse fortified then had beene described vnto them The fleete lay onely a cannon shot from land so as there was many a shotte spent at them in vaine from the forts not suffering his men to discharge one volley it may be for that it seemed vnto him a vaine diligence or rather as he saide the better to iustifie his Kings cause Hee commaunded fower galleies to lie before the towne to serue as a bridle for those ships and to keepe them from comming foorth the which was helde too much ouerweening some holding opinion that he should in dissembling giue them meanes to depart rather then to force them to dispaire Hee sodainly sent a trumpet to lande offering to all such as were in the Iland a generall pardon in his Maiesties behalfe if they woulde yeeld but approching to land he was vnkindly kept backe by their artillerie The pardon concerned the succession of the King to the crowne the disobedience of the Iland and the clemencie of his Maiestie he offred vnto all such as were naturall borne their liues and goods if they woulde yeelde obedience and to strangers ships to transport them into their countries with their goods armes and ensignes But being not able to publish it by this meanes he sent two Portugals secretly to land who deliuered a copie thereof to Emanuel de Silua but making no account thereof hee concealed it least others should see it supposing it may be that it was nowe too late to vse it and therefore hee not onely refused to accept of this pardon but also threatned to hange them that brought it if they discouered the cause of their comming least the Ilanders should likewise embrace it The armie spent all the xxiiij day and the next following in discouering the circuit of the Iland with the places and fortifications in consulting where to land most fitly and what course to hold The Marques himselfe the marshals of the fielde with other of the chiefe commaunders in a small barke ran alongst the shoare they found they had fortified more carefully then elsewhere in the citie of Angra and Piaggia as places most fit for landing and it seemed that the French did watch there with greater care then in other parts Some Portugals of this Iland who going to discouer had beene taken prisoners by them of Saint Michaell and now brought vnto the armie saide there was no fitter place to land then at the port of Mole neere Saint Sebastian but whether they spake it to deceiue the Castillians the place being more rough then it seemed or that they deliuered their opinion faithfully the Marques had still his eie vpon that part for finding it rather lesse fortified then the rest although the shoare were not so commodious there as in other places enclining rather to fight against the difficulties of Nature then Rampiers
to his soldiers The stratagem of Auila to passe the riuer The oration of Anthony to his soldiers The flight of Anthony to Viana The flight of the Portugals The citie of Porto yeelded The taking of Viana Anthonie saues himselfe on the other side of the riuer Minio in danger to be taken The death of Queene Anne The King enters into Portugall by the citie of Eluas The description of the Ilands of Terceraes and the inhabitants thereof The resolution of the inhabitants of Terceraes The Iesuits walled vp at the Terceraes The Popes offer against England The complaint of the Dukes soldiers The auditor of Gallicia sent to Auilas campe The Councell of the Kings chamber The King visites the Duchesse of Bragance The King sworne at Tomar and the Prince Diego The kings pardon to the Portugals The beginning of the parliament at Tomar The demands of the Estates Touching the Vniuersitie of Coimbra The Pope seemes content with the successe of Portugall The Portugals animated and wherefore The Kings entrie to Lisbone The speech of the Magistrate of Lisbone to the king The Portugals discontented The councell of state of Portugall reduced vnto two Baldes attempt vpon the Terceraes The preparation of them of Angra against Baldes Iohn de Betancour affect to the King A stratagem with oxen made by a religious man The ill successe of Baldes soldiers The crueltie of those of Tercera The defeate of Baldes is preiudiciall vnto the king The Priors good fortune Ierom Mendoza treateth an agreement with the Prior. Anthonie arriues at Caleis The Indian fleete expected and the discourse of their arriuall The Indian fleete met with a French ship neere the Terceres The diligence of Anthony to haue the fleete The fleete arrtues at Lisbone The arriuall of Figueroa at the Terceres and his returne to Lisbone Baldes imprisoned in Portugall The preparation of them of Terceres A miracle performed by the Iesits The estate of Fraunce and Flaunders The Queene of Fraunce discontented with Philip and the cause The Duke of Alancon sworn Duke of Brabant Preparation of the french against the Terceres The Prince of Orenge wounded by a Biscaine The kings recompence to the Portugals The Empresse Mary comes to Lisbone The Cardinall of Austria made Gouernour of Portugal The Terceres in confusion The cariage of Emanuel de Sylua at the Terceres The preparation at Lisbone against the Terceres and the aduise vpon this enterprise The Catholique King armes in all places and the cause The kings order in preparing Peixotto sent to Saint Michaels fought with by certaine French ships The Marquesse of Saint Cruze embarkes for the Terceres The hopes of the French armie at sea with Strozzi The hopes of the Court of Spaine touching the Armie at sea The arriuall of the French ar mie at the Ilande of Saint Michael and the description thereof Or the dogs head The death of Ambrose D Aguiar The first encounter of the French The arriuall of the Spanish armie at the Ilands The Marques resolues to fight The Marques order for his battell The Marques gets the wind of the French armie The French disagree The beginning of the fight at sea Mounsier Brisac flies The death of Strozzi and of the Count Vimioso Apriest dies for feare The number of the dead in the battel Edward de Castro beheaded by Anthonie Anthony his voyage to the Terceres and his atchieuements there The sentence of the Marques against the French prisoners The Spaniards discontented with the sentence and the reason The Spanish soldiers entreat for the French The French beheaded and hanged * A kinde of small ship The carriage of Anthonie after the sea fight The departure of Anthonie for Fraunce Emanuell de Silua staies at the Terceres The French displeased at their ouerthrow The amplification of pardon towards the Portugals The death of Duke of Alua his commendation The blames of the Duke of Alua. The obsequies of Sebastian and other Princes Portugals A reformation of the Kalendar A new assembly of estates at Lisbone where the prince Philip was sworne Cardinall Albert made gouernour of Portugall The kings departure from Portugall The death of Auila The French spoile the Ilands of Cape Vert. The carriage of Silua at the Terceres The Kings preparation against the Terceraes The discourse in Spaine vpon this enterprise Mounsieur de Chattes sent to succour the Iland A discourse betweene Chattes and Silua vpon the strength of the Iland The kings armie departs from Lisbone The description of the Terceres The arriual of the kings army at the Terceres and their proceedings The diligence of the Ilanders for their defence The landing of some of the Marques his men The first assault giuen by the Marques his men The second landing of the Marques with his men and their skirmish against the French Silua his flight hindred The Portugals abandon the French The Marques takes S. Sebastian Angra put to be spoiled three daies The Portugall shippes spoiled The Marques sends to Fayall The French compound with the Spaniards The condition of the accorde Chattes doth visite the Marques They of Faiall kill a trumpet that was sent vnto them The landing of Peter de Toledo at Fatal and the sacke thereof Anthony Guedez de Sosa hanged by the arme and wherefore Emanuel de Silua taken and executed with others The French men sent to the galleies