Selected quad for the lemma: land_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
land_n	call_v	good_a	king_n	2,217	5	3.5127	3	true

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A16229	The fower chiefyst offices belongyng to horsemanshippe that is to saye. The office of the breeder, of the rider, of the keper, and of the ferrer. In the firste parte wherof is declared the order of breding of horses. In the seconde howe to breake them, and to make theym horses of seruyce, conteyninge the whole art of ridynge lately set forth, and nowe newly corrected and amended of manye faultes escaped in the fyrste printynge, as well touchyng the bittes as other wyse. Thirdely howe to dyet them, aswell when they reste as when they trauell by the way. Fourthly to what diseases they be subiecte, together with the causes of such diseases, the sygnes howe to knowe them, and finally howe to cure the same. Whyche bookes are not onely paynfully collected out of a nomber of aucthours, but also orderly dysposed and applyed to the vse of thys oure cou[n]trey. By Tho. Blundeuill of Newton Flotman in Norff.	Blundeville, Thomas, fl. 1561.; Grisone, Federico. Ordini di cavalcare.	1566 (1566)	STC 3152; ESTC S104611	267,576	513

inough though he be neuer so starke a Iade Of the Turkye Horse BUt now beginning first with the Turke because he cometh fartheste of me thynketh it were not amisse to cōsydre that as Turky it selfe is of longe tyme synce become a greate Empyre extending very far into al the thre parts of the worlde abouesaid comprehendyng diuers kyngdomes and countries and yet altogyther is cōmonly called by the name of Turky Euen so the horses that come from any of the Turks dominions or frontiers of his nexte neighbours be called Turky horses therfore I think it good here to declare vnto you the opiniōs of the olde writers touching the races that haue ben in those coūtries now subiect to the great Turke or therabout to lerne therby yf it may be whether those that we call Turkye horses be so in dede or not of whiche of those races they seme moste lykely to discende And fyrste we wyll begyn with the chiefe races of Asia whiche be the Parthians the Medes the Armenians the Cappadocians and many others The Parthians saith Absirtus be great of stature bolde couragious and sure of footemanshyp Vegetius also sayth that they be very wel rained and haue an easie ambling pase But the Medes do excell them in comlynesse of shape The Armenians and Capadocians do discend of the Parthians and be lyke them in all poincts sauyng that they are somwhat more heuy headed The horses of Greece as A sirtus sayth haue good legges great bodies comely heades and be of an highe stature and very wel made forward but not backward bycause they are pyn buttocked notwithstandynge they be verye swifte and of a bold courage But of all the races in Greece both the horses and Mares of Thessalia for their bewtie bygnes bowntie and courage of all Aucthors are moste celebrated For which cause Xerexes at his comyng in to Grece made a runninge of Horses in Chariottes to be proclaimed only in Thessalia because he woulde haue his owne horses to runne wyth the beste Horses in Grece Iulius Cesar also beinge Dictatour of Rome knowinge the courage of these Horses was the first that ordeined thē as a spectacle before the people to fyghte wyth wylde bulles to kil them The Pelleians and Magnesians are also verye well commended The Pelleians be so named of a towne in Thessalia called Pella And the Magnesians of Magnesia a regiou of Macidonia next adioyninge to Thessalia The Epirotes be froward disobedient to the bit notwithstanding Paulus Iouius makinge mencion of the laste greate warres which the Uenetians had not onlye with the Turkes but also in a maner with all Chrystendome geueth the Epirotes great prayse for their swiftnesse and nimblenesse In so much as the Uenetians as he saith estemed their horses more and waged their riders better thē any other horsemen that serued them at that time But the Horses of Tracia which is nowe the chefest part of Turky in the which Constantinople the head citie and seat of the great Turke standeth be accompted worse then all the reste For the most parte of the wryters do discryue them after thys sort The Thracians be foule and euill fashioned hauing rough bodyes great shoulders and risinge backes lyke vnto Camelles croked legges and go roulinge and vnsemely as well in their pace as runninge Notwithstandinge the Horses that I haue sene come from Turkie as well into Italy as hither in to Englande be indifferent fayre to the eie though not very great nor strongly made yet very light and swyfte in their running and of gret courage and therfore seme to discende of the Grecian race before dyscribed by Absirtus But their traueylinge pace is neyther Amble Racke nor Trotte but a certayne kinde of easy trayne Albeit for the most parte they be euill mouthed by reason that in Turky they be neuer ridden as I haue lerned vntil they be x. or .xii. yere olde wherby they waxe so hedde stronge as they be not easely brought to make a good stoppe yea if when you will ronne him at hys setting forth you say but this worde Braye vnto him he will neuer leaue runninge so longe as his breath wil serue him shonnynge nothinge that shall stande in hys way if he may goe ouer the same by any meanes possible for they be of nature verye couragious and wil do more by gentle meanes then by stripes or great threatninges for that maketh them more desperate and bringeth them cleane out of order Thus muche of the Turke ¶ Of the Horse of Barbary THe Barbaryan is a horse that commes out of Barbaria a Country in Affrycke conteinyng vnder it the two Regions of Mauritania liyng agaynst Spaine whereof the one is called Mauritania Tingitana And the other is called Mauritania Cesariensis It conteyneth also the countrey of Numidia and that part which is called Affrica Minor that is to say the lesser Affricke so that Barbaria stretcheth very far And there be many good Races within the same in the frontiers of the regions there about as the Mauritanians the Libians Cireneyans the Numidians and many others The Mauritanians be much cōmended of the writers not only for their good shape and swiftnes in runninge but also for that they be excellently well breathed therby are bothe able to mayntayne a very longe cariere and also to abyde anye kind of laboure trauayle yea and beside that they wil abide the sight and rorynge of a Lion wherof there is greate store and plentye in that countrey Nexte vnto these are the Libians which be of like goodnes and of lyke shape sauinge that the Libians be stronger made longer bodied thicker rybbed broder brested of all Horses as Aelianus sayth they do requyre lesse tending and keping For their maysters in that countrey when they trauaile by the way do neither wipe their legges courry them nor litter them nor pare their houes as sone as their iourney is done they tourne them forth to the pasture and make no more a do Againe the Mares of this kind or race as the auctours write be so delighted with Musicke as the herdeman or keper with the sounde of a pipe may leade them whither he wyll hym selfe The Cireneians as Absirtus sayeth be greate of stature and haue small gaunte bellies they be swyft in running and sure of fotemanship and in labour good at length for which causes they were much vsed in the old time to runne for wagers in Chariottes But those horses that we cōmonly call Barbarians doe come out of the kyng of Tunnys lande out of Massilia and Numidia which for the most parte be but little horses but therewith verye swifte and able to make a verye longe Cariere whiche is the cause why we esteme theym so muche And it should seeme by Vigetius that this race came firste from Spayne who affirmeth theym to be very swyfte in runnynge and meete for the saddle Thus I ende with the races of Barbary ¶ Of the

horse in his shape disposition and pace differeth in a maner nothinge from the Almayne horse sauing that for the most parte he is of a greater stature and more puissant The Mares also of Flaunders be of a great stature stronge longe large fayre and fruytefull and besydes that wyll endure great labour as is wel sene for that the fleminges do vse none other drawght but with those Mares in their wagons in the whiche I haue sene twoo or three Mares to go lyghtly away with suche a burthen as is almoste vncredible ¶ Of the Fryzeland Horse THe Fryzelande Horse is no very great Horse but rather of a meane stature beinge therewith strong and wel compacte together and hath verye good legges And Vigetius sayth that the Fryzelande horses be very swyfte in runnyng and able to mainteyne a longe course And in dede I haue sene of them my selfe that woulde make a good cariere and manege very wel and also do the Coruetti so truely as any Iennet of Spayne But then the dysposition of this horse is so deuelish so stubborne and so froward as onles the Ryder which first breaketh hym be very bolde and therwith circumspect to correct him in tyme he shall neuer brynge him to anye good for he will do nothinge without strypes whiche also beinge geuen out of tyme will make hym so restiefe that neyther fayre meanes nor foule meanes wyl euer wynne hym from that vyce agayne The pace of this horse is a good comely trotte ¶ Of the Sweathland Horse THe Sweacian or Sweathland horse so farre as I can coniecture by those that the Kyng his Imbassadours haue of late dayes brought with thē into this Realme whereof I am sure there be dyuers here yet remainyng is no great or strong Horse but of a meane stature and strength and I feare me scante well condicioned And I am induced to thinke so the rather for that they be moste commonlye pyed and of twoo sundrye colours or their legges at the least be all white euē vp to the belly their bodies being of another colour which as Gryson sayth is a sygne of small force al be it the ientilmen in that countrey delight muche to haue their Horses of dyuers coloures to weare as it were diuerse lyuereis Besydes that many of them be wal eyed which is also a token of a shrewed and a stubburne disposition Notwithstandinge I haue seene of them with good handling to make an indifferent good manege wherby I take them to be docible and also because they come out of a colde Countrey I beleue they will abyde much hardnesse ¶ Of the Iryshe Hobby THe Iryshe Hobby is a pretye fyne horse hauinge a good head and a body indeferently wel proporcioned sauing that many of them be slender pin bottocked they be tender mouthed nimble light pleasaunt apte to be taught and for the most part thei be amblers therfore very mete for the saddle to trauel by the way yea and the Iryshe men both with dartes with lyght speares do vse to skyrmishe with them in the fielde And many of them do proue to that vse very well by meanes they be so lyght and swyfte notwythstanding I take theym to be very neashe and tender to keepe and also to be somewhat skyttishe and fearefull partlye parhaps by nature and partlie for lacke of good breakinge at the first A comparison of the races aboue rehersed as towching the Clymates vnder which they be bred and which of theym wyll thryue best here in England and are most mete to serue euery breders sundry purpose and intent Cap. iii. HYtherto we haue talked of dyuers kyndes of Horses and Mares and therwith declared to you their shapes natures and disposition Now it resteth that we briefly compare these kyndes together that we maye not onely knowe those that be most meete to be bredde wythin thys Realme in generall but also that the desyre and intent of euery breader in perticular may be satisfyed For some man perchaunce woulde haue a brede of great trottinge horses mete for the war and to serue in the field Some other againe woulde haue a brede of ambling horses of a meane stature for to Iourney and to trauayle by the way Some againe would haue perhaps a race of swift runners to runne for wagers or to galloppe the bucke or to serue for such lyke excercises of pleasure But the plaine countriman would perchaunce haue a breede onelye for draughte or burden And fyrst you shall vnderstande that generallye those horses and Mares will thryue best in this Realme that be bredde vnder a clymate beynge of the lyke temperature that this our clyme is or at the leaste not muche differynge from the same Wherefore naturallye me thinkes the Turke the Iennet of Spaine the Barbaryan and the Sardignian being bred in far whotter countryes then this is shoulde not be able to endure the colde of thys Country nor to lyke here so well as there from whence they come For though I haue sene them to brede here and their ofspryng to growe to a perfect stature and to be like in shape to theyr Syres and Dammes yet for the most part they be but neashe and tender and do require more attendaunce and fine keping then others do And yet I wyll not denye but that in contynuance of tyme theyr natures may be altered and such tendernes may weare away well ynough and specially those that come out of Islande soner then thothers because they are more able to endure both heate and colde and theyr nature doth agree the better with this Countrey beyng also an Islande The Napolitan although he be bredde vnder a hoter climate then ours is yet that Region is very temperate of it selfe and therwith so fruitfull as it is called the gardeyn or paradise of Italy and the Horses there bred be of so strong and healthful complexion as they will not quayle wheresoeuer they goe and that they prosper so well here in this land as in anye other foraine Country not only the Queenes Maiesties race but also other mens races and specialy Sir Nicholas Arnoldes race doth wel testify from whence I haue sene so farre coltes to come and to proue so wel in their doinges as euer I sawe in the Realme of Naples who for his industry and diligence shewed in that behalfe as he is worthye to be muche commended and praysed so I wishe that all Ientlemen hauing abilitye would do the lyke So should they neyther lacke good Horses to serue their countrey in tyme of neade nor yet to serue them selues in theyr owne affayres Nowe as touchinge the rest of the races before mentioned as the Hungarian the high Almaine the Flaunders horse the Fryzeland Horse and the Irishe Hobbye Dayly experyence teacheth that they do proue verye well here because either they come out of colder countreis then this is or at the least not out of much whoter yea and some of them do proue better

vnto her to wooe her foure or fyue daies before you would haue her couered which nagge wold be so fettered as he maye not couer her thoughe shee would perchaunce enclyne vnto hym which when you perceiue she dothe remoue the nagge from her and put the Stallion vnto her so shal she stand stil of her owne accorde and receyue the stallion the more wyllyngely But the reddyest meanes to make a mare to desyre the horse is as Columella saith to annointe her matrixe with the ioyce of a certaine herbe called of him Scilla and of Palladius Squilla whiche some of our phisitions do call a sea Oynion because it groweth as well in the sea as on the lande and hath a head or roote lyke an oyniō It is very good also to rub her matrixe with nettles whiche as Russius saith will not onely cause the mare to suffer the Horse to leape her but also to engender with him Whiche otherwise many tymes perhappes she cannot do for want of naturall heate in her matrixe That the nettle is a prouoker of venery it is not vnknowen to the playne wyues of the countreye whiche when their hennes wyll not laye nor suffer to be troden do vse to nettle their tayles that makethe them as they say to desyre the Cocke and also to lay Againe Anatolius sayth that to annoynte her matrixe with hennes dunge and turpentine mingled together will marueilously prouoke her luste But if you see that your horse hath no lust to engender then make as thoughe you woulde dryue the mare from hym and that wyll make him the more desirouse of her It is good also to wipe the matrixe of that mare which desireth the horse with a spunge and to put that to the Stallions nose the sauour wherof will prouoke his courage Also the pyssill of a Stagge beinge bourned and made into fyne pouder and put into stronge wyne wyll prouoke his courage if his yarde stones be washed therwith But I haue ben taught by men of experiēce that if a good quantitie of the powder aforesaide together with these powders folowing that is of Annisesedes of a roote called Satyrion and of Basyll of eche lyke quantity be giuen the horse to drink in a warme mashe made of water and wheaten meale the nyghte before you woulde haue him to couer any mare it wil not only prouoke his courage but also make his seede of such force as it will holde and not quaile And the lesse that eyther horse or mare drynketh whylste they attende to generation the better it shal be for them for ouer much drincke wyll not onely make the seede thinne and watery and so as it shall not holde but also as I sayd before make the horse pursye yea and put his wynde in ieoperdie But if you see that after the time of couering the stallion continueth still to full of luste and courage then it shal be good to annoynt his stones with a lyttle salet oyle and that wyll abate his courage and the soner if you stepe a lyttle lettise in the oyle somewhat before The same medicine also wyll abate a Mares courage if her matrixe be annoynted therwith And some write that the cuttynge of her maine dothe abate her courage These medicines perhappes wyl offende the delycate eares of some persons that are more nyce then wyse But I trust the discrete man wyll not be offended to heare theym but rather learne discretely to vse them as nede shal require For I assure you they were no fooles that wrote them but learned wyse and men of great experyence ¶ Whiche mares shoulde be couered euery yere which not And howe to do that those mares that you wolde haue to beare euer yere shall not goe barraine Cap. ix PAlladius and Columella wold haue those Mares that be very beawtyful and faire and therewyth haue not onlye bene well horsed but also haue horse foles suckinge on them not to be couered euery yeare but euerye seconde yeare or rather thirde yeare to thintent that their foles may sucke the lenger time also be fed with the more pure milke And as for all other mares they wold haue them to beare euerye yeare and to be couered againe so soone as their foles are .v. or .vi. dayes olde so that they be in good lust and not to poore And to the intent that none such shoulde go barren it shal be necessarye not only to enforce them by such wayes as haue bene shewed you before to the horse in the spring tyme but also about Laminas or in the beginninge of August and to suffer a Stallion to run with them thre wekes or a month to thintent that if any of them chaunced not to conceyue at the first coueringe they maye nowe be serued But be sure that some one of the Mares be readye to be couered when you turne the stallion into them least perpaps he beate aswell those that be with fole as the others and so do more harme then good And by vsynge this order you shal be sure to kepe no Mare barren all the yeare onlesse that the Mare be barren by meanes of some sicknes Wherof I shal treate hereafter when I come to the diseases of horses there shew you how to cure the same Howe Mares shoulde be vsed after they haue conceyued and are with fole and what causeth them to caste their foles before theyr tyme. Cap. x. AFter that your Mares haue conceyued you muste beware you labour theim not ouer much and specially that they beare no heauye burdens for feare of kyllynge their foles in their bellies Also you must see that whilest Sommer lasteth they go in a good pasture not hauing ouer rank grasse but short and swete that they lacke no good water And in winter when the grasse fayleth that they be fedde with swete haye and that they lye drye and warme in some busshy close woode or groue or els vnder some houel but so as they be not skanted of roume nor thronged vp together for that is daungerous and maye cause aborsment that is to saye to cast their foles before theyr tyme. Anatolius also sayth that the chaunge of straunge pasture or water will cause aborsement Agayne Russius sayth that if they chaunce to eate the maste of Cerre trees they shall be in daunger of aborsement Or if any of them be couered wyth an Asse after that shee hath conceyued by a horse or chaūce to treade vpon a wolfe or where a wolf hath troden it will cause her to caste her fole Also all stinking sauours as the snuffing of candles or torches or suche lyke will cause aborsement as some authours wryte aswell in Mares as in women Wherefore all suche thinges woulde be foresene and in anye case kepe your Mares whilest they go with fole neither to leane nor yet to fat but in good plight for if they be to leane they wil either cast their foles or els bring forth staruelinges Agayne if they