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great_a altercation_n the_o danish_a faction_n willing_a to_o set_v against_o he_o ericus_n trollus_n the_o memory_n of_o paternal_a worth_n and_o virtue_n prevail_v make_v choice_n of_o steno_n stir_v the_o young_a son_n of_o the_o aforesaid_a suanto_fw-la two_o year_n after_o the_o death_n of_o suanto_fw-la christian_n the_o second_o succeed_v in_o the_o kingdom_n of_o denmark_n sweden_n christian_n the_o 2_o invade_v the_o country_n of_o sweden_n the_o great_a scourge_n that_o ever_o befall_v the_o kingdom_n of_o sweden_n who_o present_o resolve_v to_o prosecute_v the_o pretend_a right_n his_o father_n and_o grandfather_n have_v to_o this_o crown_n steno_n their_o new_a elect_a king_n see_v himself_o now_o as_o he_o think_v settle_v in_o the_o peaceable_a possession_n of_o the_o kingdom_n give_v too_o much_o ear_n to_o flatterer_n often_o too_o frequent_a in_o prince_n court_n and_o by_o their_o evil_a counsel_n seduce_v commit_v many_o gross_a and_o foul_a fault_n in_o his_o government_n by_o which_o mean_v there_o follow_v a_o alienation_n of_o the_o mind_n of_o the_o nobility_n he_o lose_v likewise_o at_o length_n the_o love_n of_o many_o of_o the_o commons_o also_o the_o dane_n who_o leave_v no_o wind_n unsail_v to_o bring_v his_o purpose_n to_o pass_v think_v it_o now_o good_a fish_n in_o a_o muddy_a water_n take_v eftsoon_o hold_v of_o this_o opportunity_n and_o gather_v together_o a_o great_a army_n he_o begird_v stockeholme_n round_o about_o but_o steno_n likewise_o with_o a_o great_a army_n oppose_v he_o raise_v the_o siege_n the_o wind_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n be_v contrary_a for_o his_o return_n into_o denmark_n for_o the_o space_n of_o three_o month_n he_o be_v put_v to_o a_o extreme_a great_a strait_n for_o want_n of_o provision_n for_o his_o army_n steno_n who_o use_v all_o possible_a mean_n to_o win_v his_o love_n and_o savour_n
take_v himself_o wife_n and_o whole_a family_n prisoner_n in_o a_o town_n of_o finland_n call_v ako_n bring_v they_o all_o with_o he_o to_o stockeholme_n where_o have_v first_o open_o accuse_v he_o he_o cast_v he_o into_o prison_n where_o he_o continue_v for_o the_o space_n of_o four_o whole_a year_n beside_o that_o he_o put_v to_o death_n many_o of_o his_o familiar_a friend_n and_o acquaintance_n but_o at_o the_o four_o year_n end_n the_o case_n be_v quite_o alter_v his_o brother_n find_v a_o mean_n to_o free_v himself_o out_o of_o prison_n take_v his_o brother_n captive_a and_o make_v he_o drink_v of_o the_o same_o cup_n he_o have_v before_o make_v he_o begin_v with_o keep_v he_o in_o close_a prison_n during_o his_o whole_a life_n time_n 1568._o 145_o ericus_n thus_o just_o thrust_v out_o of_o his_o throne_n 2._o 145_o john_n 2._o his_o brother_n be_v with_o the_o unanimous_a free_a and_o general_a consent_n of_o the_o whole_a state_n elect_a king_n in_o his_o brother_n turn_n during_o his_o reign_n he_o have_v also_o great_a war_n with_o but_o especial_o with_o the_o dane_n the_o muscovite_n or_o russian_n he_o be_v bear_v 1537._o and_o crown_v 1569_o he_o marry_v first_o katherine_n daughter_n to_o sigismond_n king_n of_o poland_n by_o who_o he_o have_v 1._o sigismond_n now_o king_n of_o poland_n 2._o anne_n after_o this_o queen_n decease_n he_o marry_v one_o gunila_n daughter_n to_o one_o axelurs_n bielke_n de_fw-fr hereseter_n a_o noble_a knight_n and_o governor_n of_o ostrogothia_n who_o he_o marry_v 1585._o and_o by_o who_o he_o have_v 1_o john_n who_o in_o the_o year_n 1612._o marry_v mary_n elizabeth_n daughter_n to_o charles_n the_o 9_o king_n of_o sweden_n 2_o charles_n borne_z 1550_o first_o duke_n of_o sudermania_n neriva_n and_o vermelandia_n and_o afterward_o also_o elect_v king_n of_o sweden_n this_o king_n john_n constant_o maintain_v the_o same_o religion_n of_o the_o augustane_n confession_n which_o his_o father_n have_v former_o profess_v although_o underhand_o he_o suffer_v his_o son_n sigismond_n by_o his_o mother_n katherine_n to_o be_v educate_v in_o the_o romish_a religion_n which_o cost_v he_o no_o less_o than_o the_o loss_n of_o his_o kingdom_n of_o sweden_n as_o hereafter_o shall_v appear_v and_o the_o better_a to_o secure_v his_o subject_n of_o his_o constant_a perseverance_n in_o the_o religion_n he_o profess_v he_o give_v they_o his_o brother_n charles_n duke_n of_o finland_n who_o he_o love_v dear_o for_o a_o pledge_n or_o pawn_v that_o no_o innovation_n shall_v therein_o be_v attempt_v who_o he_o also_o appoint_v by_o his_o last_o will_n and_o testament_n during_o his_o son_n absence_n to_o be_v governor_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n this_o king_n die_v in_o the_o year_n 1592._o 19_o of_o november_n sigismundus_n 146_o sigismundus_n 246_o sigismundus_n son_n to_o the_o aforesaid_a john_n be_v before_o during_o his_o father_n life_n time_n in_o 1590._o be_v design_v and_o appoint_v king_n of_o poland_n be_v during_o his_o father_n life_n time_n elect_a king_n of_o poland_n where_o he_o also_o live_v and_o reign_v at_o the_o time_n of_o his_o father_n death_n be_v in_o the_o year_n 1599_o crown_v king_n of_o sweden_n and_o the_o very_a day_n of_o the_o epiphanie_n be_v appoint_v for_o this_o purpose_n now_o there_o be_v in_o the_o king_n company_n one_o franciscus_n mala_fw-la spina_fw-la bishop_n of_o vrlia_n in_o italy_n the_o pope_n nuncio_n who_o the_o king_n and_o his_o follower_n much_o desire_v to_o perform_v the_o solemn_a rite_n of_o the_o coronation_n and_o this_o prelate_n be_v of_o opinion_n that_o if_o the_o state_n of_o sweden_n have_v once_o give_v way_n to_o this_o beginning_n the_o romish_a religion_n may_v more_o easy_o afterward_o be_v again_o introduce_v but_o against_o this_o with_o might_n and_o main_a do_v adamus_n andracanus_n than_o archbishop_n of_o vpsalia_n oppose_v affirm_v that_o it_o be_v flat_a against_o the_o law_n and_o constitution_n of_o the_o kingdom_n that_o any_o other_o but_o the_o archbishop_n of_o vpsalia_n shall_v set_v the_o diadem_n royal_a upon_o his_o head_n and_o beside_o that_o he_o must_v now_o swear_v to_o maintain_v that_o religion_n now_o profess_v within_o the_o kingdom_n of_o sweden_n according_a to_o the_o augustane_n confession_n exhibit_v to_o charles_n the_o five_o emperor_n profess_v by_o his_o grandfather_n gustavus_n and_o his_o own_o father_n john_n the_o 3._o and_o by_o a_o late_a synod_n hold_v at_o vpsalia_n by_o the_o whole_a state_n of_o the_o kingdom_n confirm_v and_o that_o he_o shall_v not_o assign_v or_o grant_v any_o church_n or_o church_n in_o any_o town_n of_o sweden_n to_o any_o other_o religion_n then_o that_o of_o the_o augustane_n confession_n and_o further_o that_o during_o the_o time_n of_o his_o abode_n in_o sweden_n he_o shall_v be_v content_v with_o the_o service_n perform_v within_o the_o private_a chapel_n of_o his_o own_o palace_n against_o this_o do_v oppose_v the_o peer_n and_o noble_n of_o poland_n that_o accompany_v the_o king_n howbeit_o the_o peer_n of_o sweden_n be_v resolute_a in_o their_o purpose_n insomuch_o that_o some_o day_n be_v thus_o spend_v in_o alteration_n at_o length_n about_o mid_a january_n see_v no_o remedy_n it_o be_v agree_v that_o the_o bishop_n of_o vpsalia_n shall_v perform_v such_o rite_n as_o belong_v to_o the_o coronation_n which_o be_v according_o perform_v sigismond_n the_o oath_n of_o sigismond_n ericus_n sparce_o also_o chancellor_n of_o the_o kingdom_n administer_v unto_o the_o king_n his_o solemn_a oath_n he_o reciprocal_o answer_v he_o and_o promise_v first_o that_o he_o will_v maintain_v justice_n and_o truth_n within_o his_o kingdom_n and_o that_o he_o will_v punish_v and_o suppress_v all_o injustice_n and_o lie_v that_o he_o will_v do_v justice_n to_o all_o the_o swedish_n nation_n as_o well_o rich_a as_o poor_a and_o that_o according_a to_o the_o law_n and_o statute_n of_o the_o kingdom_n he_o shall_v govern_v the_o same_o and_o that_o by_o the_o counsel_n and_o consent_n of_o his_o brother_n prince_n charles_n and_o the_o senate_n or_o counsel_n of_o the_o kingdom_n that_o he_o shall_v consult_v with_o the_o natural_a inhabitant_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o not_o with_o stranger_n that_o he_o shall_v bring_v no_o stranger_n within_o the_o realm_n that_o he_o shall_v commit_v the_o castle_n and_o fort_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o the_o desert_n of_o vpsalia_n to_o none_o but_o the_o native_n of_o the_o country_n that_o he_o shall_v impose_v no_o new_a tribute_n or_o tax_v upon_o the_o subject_n unless_o in_o case_n of_o great_a necessity_n for_o the_o defence_n of_o the_o kingdom_n in_o fear_n of_o any_o intestine_a commotion_n or_o sedition_n when_o the_o king_n son_n or_o daughter_n be_v to_o be_v marry_v when_o the_o king_n be_v to_o make_v any_o solemn_a perambulation_n through_o his_o whole_a kingdom_n or_o something_o for_o the_o reparation_n of_o the_o desert_n of_o vpsalia_n shall_v be_v require_v moreover_o that_o he_o shall_v confirm_v all_o privilege_n and_o immunity_n heretofore_o grant_v to_o the_o peer_n of_o the_o land_n the_o whole_a people_n and_o the_o clergy_n thereof_o and_o that_o by_o all_o mean_v possible_a he_o shall_v procure_v peace_n and_o tranquillity_n to_o all_o his_o subject_n add_v last_o this_o clause_n to_o the_o oath_n so_o god_n be_v good_a to_o my_o soul_n and_o body_n as_o i_o from_o my_o heart_n swear_v to_o observe_v all_o the_o premise_n after_o this_o be_v a_o solemn_a assembly_n of_o the_o whole_a state_n of_o the_o kingdom_n or_o a_o parliament_n call_v at_o stockeholme_n wherein_o be_v consult_v of_o the_o government_n of_o the_o kingdom_n during_o the_o king_n absence_n and_o divers_a good_a and_o wholesome_a law_n enact_v in_o the_o month_n of_o july_n next_o after_o the_o king_n depart_v again_o into_o poland_n but_o some_o few_o year_n after_o sigismond_n abdication_n of_o king_n sigismond_n he_o be_v by_o the_o same_o state_n again_o abdicate_v and_o quite_o reject_v from_o ever_o have_v any_o right_a or_o interest_n in_o the_o government_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o sweden_n and_o be_v in_o a_o parliament_n hold_v at_o stockeholme_n 1590._o confirm_v and_o again_o in_o another_o parliament_n hold_v at_o lincopia_n 1600._o as_o well_o he_o himself_o as_o all_o his_o issue_n and_o offspring_n be_v for_o ever_o exclude_v from_o the_o succession_n to_o the_o kingdom_n of_o sweden_n the_o reason_n be_v diverse_a but_o especial_o for_o send_v a_o army_n of_o stranger_n into_o the_o country_n quite_o contrary_a to_o his_o oath_n and_o promise_n the_o which_o if_o their_o plot_n have_v take_v effect_n may_v have_v overthrow_v the_o whole_a state_n beside_o the_o ruin_n of_o religion_n there_o be_v divers_a other_o cause_v publish_v in_o print_n as_o the_o story_n mention_n the_o which_o i_o have_v not_o as_o yet_o see_v but_o withal_o in_o the_o
especial_o such_o place_n as_o adjoyne_v next_o unto_o the_o great_a lake_n ladesco_n ozera_n but_o 15._o or_o 20._o mile_n further_o from_o the_o lake_n it_o be_v so_o marshie_a and_o fenny_a that_o the_o mountainous_a and_o hilly_a part_n thereof_o will_v only_o bear_v corn_n for_o the_o which_o cause_n the_o inhabitant_n there_o live_v most_o upon_o fish_n and_o wild_a beast_n and_o this_o aforementioned_a lake_n be_v one_o of_o the_o great_a of_o all_o europe_n europe_n great_a lake_n of_o all_o europe_n as_o be_v above_o 190._o mile_n in_o length_n and_o about_o 80._o in_o breadth_n and_o of_o this_o lake_n about_o the_o five_o part_n only_o belong_v to_o the_o russian_a prince_n and_o all_o the_o rest_n to_o the_o crown_n of_o sweden_n in_o this_o great_a lake_n beside_o the_o great_a abundance_n of_o salmon_n and_o other_o fish_n there_o be_v there_o catch_v a_o little_a fish_n also_o little_o big_a than_o a_o herring_n and_o in_o their_o language_n call_v ladog_n no_o where_n else_o in_o all_o russia_n but_o there_o to_o be_v find_v from_o whence_o this_o lake_n take_v the_o denomination_n in_o the_o country_n of_o rexholme_n ruby_n a_o peculiar_a fish_n ruby_n be_v some_o ruby_n find_v next_o carelia_n follow_v both_o in_o the_o order_n of_o nature_n and_o situation_n the_o country_n call_v ingria_n ingria_n ingria_n which_o be_v but_o late_o annex_v to_o the_o crown_n of_o sweden_n the_o soil_n be_v very_o fruitful_a in_o the_o which_o be_v many_o river_n full_a of_o good_a wholesome_a fish_n beside_o in_o that_o country_n be_v great_a store_n of_o wild_a fowl_n and_o wild_a beast_n of_o several_a kind_n and_o among_o these_o they_o hunt_v most_o that_o wild_a beast_n in_o latin_a call_v alce_n elent_v alce_n elgh_n or_o elent_v in_o the_o swedish_n language_n elgh_n and_o in_o high_a dutch_a elent_n these_o beast_n twice_o a_o year_n in_o great_a troop_n pass_v over_o the_o river_n nieva_n for_o in_o the_o spring_n they_o pass_v in_o great_a number_n out_o of_o russia_n into_o carelia_n and_o in_o harvest_n again_o return_v the_o same_o way_n into_o russia_n this_o country_n have_v in_o it_o many_o strong_a fort_n and_o castle_n which_o have_v hitherto_o be_v account_v the_o key_n of_o the_o russian_a kingdom_n and_o no_o other_o in_o all_o his_o dominious_a with_o they_o to_o be_v compare_v notteburg_n notteburg_n notteburg_n be_v the_o chief_a and_o strong_a hold_n of_o all_o the_o rest_n and_o therefore_o hold_v impregnable_a howbeit_o at_o length_n take_v in_o by_o the_o victorious_a king_n now_o reign_v as_o hereafter_o shall_v appear_v in_o the_o same_o counry_n be_v also_o capurio_n jamagâ—rod_n courio_n jamagâ—rod_n jamarod_n castle_n not_o only_o strong_a by_o nature_n but_o very_o well_o furnish_v also_o by_o the_o art_n of_o man_n the_o last_o of_o all_o the_o province_n belong_v to_o this_o crown_n and_o kingdom_n of_o sweden_n be_v call_v esthonia_n be_v a_o part_n of_o that_o vast_a country_n call_v livonia_n and_o have_v not_o be_v under_o the_o swedish_n government_n above_o 60_o and_o odd_a year_n and_o by_o this_o mean_n come_v first_o under_o that_o jurisdiction_n crown_n esthonia_n how_o it_o come_v first_o under_o the_o swedish_n crown_n certain_a noble_n who_o take_v upon_o they_o to_o propagate_v the_o christian_a religion_n be_v send_v for_o into_o livonia_n forget_v the_o errand_n they_o come_v about_o give_v themselves_o whole_o over_o to_o carnal_a lust_n and_o gluttony_n and_o drunkenness_n and_o withal_o keep_v the_o inhabitant_n in_o such_o a_o base_a and_o slavish_a subjection_n that_o they_o seem_v rather_o to_o command_v over_o beast_n than_o man_n and_o for_o this_o cause_n god_n the_o avenger_n of_o all_o wrong_n and_o punisher_n of_o all_o wickedness_n stir_v up_o basilius_n the_o tyrant_n of_o muscovia_n to_o suppress_v their_o insolency_n and_o punish_v their_o pride_n who_o subdue_v a_o great_a part_n of_o livonia_n destroy_v all_o in_o their_o way_n that_o make_v resistance_n with_o fire_n and_o sword_n these_o poor_a livonian_o now_o perceive_v themselves_o put_v to_o such_o a_o strait_a implore_v the_o aid_n of_o the_o emperor_n charles_n the_o 5._o keep_v then_o a_o diet_n or_o general_a meeting_n of_o the_o whole_a estate_n of_o the_o empire_n at_o ausbourg_n 1551._o this_o country_n then_o be_v a_o member_n of_o the_o empire_n the_o emperor_n then_o distract_v with_o other_o war_n not_o be_v able_a to_o send_v they_o any_o succour_n wish_v they_o to_o seek_v for_o succour_n and_o and_o aid_n of_o the_o king_n of_o sweden_n and_o other_o neighbour_a prince_n the_o revalians_n therefore_o and_o the_o oselians_n demand_v aid_n of_o the_o king_n of_o denmark_n revalia_n be_v heretofore_o build_v by_o valdâ—â—â—arius_n a_o king_n of_o denmark_n and_o from_o he_o receive_v their_o privilege_n howbeit_o to_o no_o end_n and_o therefore_o find_v no_o sudden_a succour_n against_o so_o mighty_a and_o potent_a a_o pâ—inâ—e_n they_o be_v constrain_v to_o implore_v aid_n of_o ericus_n 14_o king_n of_o sweden_n and_o therefore_o in_o the_o year_n 1561_o free_o submit_v themselves_o under_o his_o obedience_n which_o petition_n of_o they_o notwithstanding_o his_o father_n gustavus_n have_v in_o his_o life_n time_n deny_v and_o therefore_o some_o be_v of_o opinion_n that_o this_o king_n ericus_n bring_v upon_o himself_o and_o successor_n a_o great_a deal_n of_o trouble_n his_o son_n john_n be_v as_o well_o successor_n to_o this_o quarrel_n as_o to_o the_o kingdom_n and_o take_v from_o the_o russian_a many_o of_o his_o strong_a hold_n countroy_v province_n of_o this_o countroy_v the_o province_n of_o this_o country_n of_o esthionia_n be_v revalia_n towards_o the_o north_n seat_v near_o unto_o the_o finnicke_n gulf_n vizia_fw-la in_o which_o be_v these_o place_n rosenburgh_n tolsburgh_n and_o borholme_n alentakia_n where_o be_v that_o famous_a merchant_n staple_n naruia_n and_o nystot_n jervia_n where_o be_v wittensleyn_n and_o lais_n and_o vickia_n where_o be_v hapsal_n lebal_n and_o lode_n and_o to_o this_o esthionia_n belong_v these_o island_n also_o dagho_n orinso_n nuko_n wrango_n odensholme_n nargo_n vlfso_n and_o the_o one_o and_o other_o nogho_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o which_o place_n as_o also_o of_o osilea_n and_o most_o of_o the_o maritime_a part_n of_o the_o continent_n speak_v the_o swedish_n language_n in_o this_o great_a country_n of_o livonia_n beside_o the_o swedish_n livonia_n fâ—ve_v several_a language_n in_o livonia_n there_o be_v yet_o four_o other_o several_a language_n speak_v the_o german_a or_o high_a dutch_a use_v by_o the_o noble_n and_o better_a sort_n in_o the_o north-part_n towards_o the_o finnicke_n gulf_n the_o estthionian_a or_o finnicke_n in_o the_o mediterranean_a part_n the_o livonian_o be_v now_o almost_o quite_o wear_v out_o and_o final_o in_o the_o south_n part_v thereof_o they_o use_v the_o letticke_a speech_n or_o of_o the_o country_n of_o lettow_n which_o the_o people_n eureles_a likewise_o use_v the_o which_o be_v as_o it_o be_v a_o hodgepodge_n of_o many_o several_a language_n mingle_v together_o and_o these_o language_n differ_v not_o only_o in_o dialect_n but_o whole_o and_o total_o one_o from_o another_o this_o whole_a country_n of_o livonia_n country_n commodity_n of_o the_o country_n and_o consequent_o this_o esthionia_n abound_v with_o all_o such_o thing_n as_o be_v necessary_a for_o the_o life_n of_o man_n and_o be_v usual_o to_o be_v find_v in_o these_o northern_a climate_n and_o so_o much_o shall_v suffice_v short_o to_o have_v say_v concern_v the_o description_n of_o the_o country_n of_o sweden_n and_o province_n subject_a to_o the_o swedish_n dish_n crown_n chap._n iii_o of_o the_o nature_n manner_n and_o custom_n of_o the_o suecian_o or_o swedish_n and_o into_o how_o many_o rank_n or_o degree_n all_o these_o people_n be_v divide_v this_o people_n be_v reasonable_a witty_a and_o understanding_n inhabitant_n nature_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n and_o that_o not_o only_o for_o learning_n and_o understand_v of_o any_o mechanical_a trade_n but_o even_o for_o the_o learning_n of_o the_o art_n and_o science_n as_o also_o any_o outlandish_a tongue_n whatsoever_o for_o such_o as_o be_v of_o any_o eminent_a rank_n and_o degree_n or_o competent_a mean_n content_v not_o themselves_o with_o their_o latin_a tongue_n and_o knowledge_n of_o the_o liberal_a art_n but_o give_v themselves_o also_o very_o much_o to_o the_o learning_n of_o the_o german_a or_o high_a dutch_a &_o french_a tongue_n in_o former_a time_n their_o manner_n &_o condition_n be_v very_o plain_a and_o homely_a and_o although_o now_o somewhat_o decline_v from_o former_a simplicity_n yet_o be_v they_o far_o from_o that_o height_n of_o luxury_n and_o pride_n whereunto_o many_o other_o nation_n be_v now_o so_o much_o addict_v building_n not_o so_o vicious_a as_o many_o other_o nation_n apparel_n of_o this_o people_n their_o building_n the_o apparel_n of_o the_o vulgar_a sort_n be_v but_o
austrian_a house_n and_o the_o whole_a catholic_a league_n it_o need_v not_o therefore_o seem_v strange_a that_o this_o great_a king_n have_v even_o in_o our_o memory_n wage_v war_n alone_o and_o the_o same_o time_n against_o all_o his_o three_o potent_a neighbour_n the_o king_n of_o poland_n of_o denmark_n and_o the_o great_a prince_n or_o duke_n of_o russia_n for_o whensoever_o his_o force_n be_v either_o weary_v or_o wear_v out_o he_o be_v able_a present_o to_o exchange_v with_o a_o new_a supply_n who_o be_v already_o enure_v tâ—_n hardship_n and_o military_a labour_n and_o toil_n be_v able_a tâ—_n undergo_v any_o difficulty_n whatsoever_o their_o horse-force_n be_v raise_v both_o from_o among_o the_o gentry_n and_o the_o common_a people_n raise_v the_o horse-force_n and_o how_o raise_v the_o noble_n according_a to_o the_o greatness_n of_o their_o lordship_n and_o land_n maintain_v many_o horseman_n for_o the_o defence_n of_o the_o country_n and_o beside_o these_o the_o commons_o of_o every_o province_n possess_v rich_a manor_n or_o farm_n to_o free_v themselves_o from_o all_o tribute_n and_o tax_n maintain_v according_a to_o their_o mean_n certain_a horseman_n under_o the_o command_n of_o the_o captain_n of_o that_o place_n where_o he_o live_v the_o five_o degree_n rank_n or_o order_n be_v of_o merchant_n merchant_n merchant_n inhabit_v city_n and_o town_n these_o both_o bring_v in_o and_o carry_v out_o of_o the_o kingdom_n divers_a merchandizable_a commodity_n buy_v first_o of_o the_o natural_a inhabitant_n from_o whence_o they_o gather_v no_o small_a gain_n now_o these_o city_n and_o merchant_n staple_n have_v among_o they_o certain_a peculiar_a municipal_a law_n and_o constitution_n derive_v from_o the_o law_n of_o the_o most_o ancient_a city_n biria_n the_o which_o about_o 600._o year_n ago_o be_v the_o seat_n royal_a where_o the_o king_n keep_v his_o court_n commerce_n certain_a law_n and_o constitution_n have_v be_v appoint_v for_o traffic_n and_o commerce_n and_o the_o chief_a staple_n of_o of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n each_o of_o these_o city_n and_o town_n enjoy_v also_o certain_a particular_a privilege_n and_o very_o laudable_a constitution_n by_o which_o it_o be_v ordain_v and_o determine_v after_o what_o manner_n the_o mediterranean_a city_n shall_v traffic_v and_o trade_n with_o the_o inhabitant_n and_o maritime_a to_o the_o end_n that_o each_o place_n may_v be_v a_o indifferent_a sharer_n in_o the_o gain_n and_o beside_o this_o laudable_a constitution_n be_v also_o enact_v that_o the_o benefit_n gain_n or_o rise_v of_o one_o city_n shall_v not_o prove_v the_o ruin_n of_o another_o but_o these_o laudable_a law_n and_o wholesome_a constitution_n by_o reason_n of_o so_o many_o war_n and_o broil_n wherewith_o this_o kingdom_n have_v so_o often_o be_v trouble_v have_v be_v by_o the_o governor_n of_o this_o kingdom_n now_o for_o a_o long_a time_n neglect_v and_o by_o this_o mean_v many_o disorder_n be_v by_o little_a and_o little_o creep_v into_o their_o traffic_n and_o commerce_n and_o therefore_o this_o illustrious_a and_o victorious_a king_n gustavus_n adolphus_n now_o reign_v to_o testify_v and_o make_v know_v his_o love_n and_o fatherly_a affection_n to_o his_o country_n in_o restore_v and_o repair_v the_o ruin_n and_o breach_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n among_o many_o other_o thing_n do_v again_o as_o it_o be_v revive_z and_o put_v life_n into_o those_o now_o almost_o dead_a law_n and_o enlarge_v the_o same_o the_o which_o if_o afterward_o they_o shall_v be_v due_o observe_v no_o doubt_n but_o these_o city_n will_v soon_o again_o return_v to_o their_o former_a splendour_n and_o dignity_n the_o last_o rank_n and_o degree_n among_o this_o people_n be_v that_o of_o husbandman_n husbandman_n husbandman_n the_o which_o although_o low_a in_o degree_n yet_o not_o of_o least_o use_n and_o necessity_n as_o be_v the_o very_a ground_n and_o foundation_n of_o all_o the_o rest_n and_o who_o furnish_v all_o the_o other_o both_z with_o food_n and_o raiment_n freeholders_n freeholders_n and_o of_o these_o there_o be_v yet_o two_o sort_n the_o first_o be_v freeholder_a have_v their_o land_n and_o possession_n hereditary_a and_o out_o of_o the_o which_o they_o use_v to_o pay_v something_o yearly_o to_o the_o king_n the_o which_o payment_n be_v seldom_o raise_v to_o any_o high_a rate_n and_o withal_o this_o privilege_n have_v be_v grant_v they_o of_o old_a that_o if_o they_o be_v able_a to_o furnish_v themselves_o with_o a_o good_a horse_n and_o complete_a armour_n be_v able_a to_o serve_v the_o king_n in_o his_o war_n so_o long_o as_o they_o or_o yet_o any_o of_o their_o son_n serve_v in_o this_o kind_n their_o manor_n or_o farm_n be_v free_v from_o any_o manner_n of_o payment_n to_o the_o king_n and_o this_o be_v the_o reason_n why_o many_o from_o their_o very_a cradle_n as_o it_o be_v apply_v themselves_o to_o military_a affair_n by_o which_o mean_v also_o the_o number_n of_o the_o king_n horseman_n be_v wonderful_o increase_v among_o these_o be_v also_o to_o be_v rank_v such_o as_o work_v in_o mine_n mine_n worker_n in_o the_o mine_n in_o the_o mountainous_a and_o hilly_a place_n of_o the_o kingdom_n who_o thereby_o purchase_n to_o themselves_o no_o small_a gain_n and_o be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n very_o rich_a the_o rest_n of_o these_o country_n people_n be_v farmer_n farmer_n farmer_n who_o although_o beside_o the_o set_a rent_n they_o pay_v their_o landlord_n they_o perform_v likewise_o diverse_a service_n yet_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o great_a benefit_n and_o commodity_n they_o make_v by_o fish_v fowl_a and_o of_o wood_n of_o the_o forest_n they_o reap_v no_o small_a commodity_n whereby_o they_o be_v enable_v ro_o live_v in_o very_o good_a fashion_n record_v to_o their_o own_o rank_n and_o degree_n for_o this_o be_v to_o be_v understand_v that_o this_o whole_a kingdom_n abound_v with_o lake_n and_o river_n full_a of_o very_o wholesome_a fish_n beside_o the_o abundance_n of_o wood_n which_o partly_o in_o regard_n of_o their_o number_n and_o partly_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o remoteness_n yield_v oftentimes_o but_o small_a benefit_n to_o the_o owner_n and_o for_o the_o same_o reason_n no_o where_n be_v fish_n and_o foul_a as_o also_o hare_n cheap_a than_o in_o this_o kingdom_n it_o be_v likewise_o to_o be_v observe_v that_o in_o all_o parliament_n the_o country_n people_n parliament_n they_o have_v a_o voice_n in_o parliament_n this_o last_o and_o sixth_o rank_n i_o mean_v have_v a_o voice_n as_o well_o as_o any_o of_o the_o other_o and_o thus_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o the_o mean_a or_o low_a degree_n be_v not_o neglect_v nor_o no_o well_o deserve_a subject_n hinder_v to_o climb_v to_o as_o high_a a_o pitch_n of_o honour_n as_o his_o virtue_n can_v attain_v unto_o chap._n four_o of_o the_o politic_a and_o civil_a government_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o sweden_n in_o ancient_a time_n each_o province_n of_o this_o kingdom_n have_v its_o several_a law_n and_o constitution_n whereof_o as_o it_o be_v suppose_v there_o be_v divers_a author_n who_o name_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o long_a tract_n of_o time_n be_v now_o for_o the_o most_o part_n bury_v in_o oblivion_n and_o the_o vestrogothian_a law_n be_v so_o ancient_a that_o it_o be_v apparent_a they_o be_v make_v at_o such_o time_n as_o the_o goth_n depart_v out_o of_o this_o kingdom_n law_n antiquity_n of_o the_o vestrogothian_a law_n or_o at_o least_o short_o after_o for_o there_o be_v mention_v make_v of_o the_o goth_n inhabit_v greece_n and_o thracia_n to_o wit_n that_o none_o of_o they_o shall_v enjoy_v or_o possess_v any_o of_o their_o ancient_a possession_n in_o their_o own_o country_n unless_o they_o will_v return_v and_o dwell_v there_o and_o it_o be_v apparent_a that_o they_o dwell_v there_o before_o the_o time_n of_o alexander_n the_o great_a who_o as_o he_o affirm_v be_v to_o be_v shun_v and_o take_v heed_n of_o beside_o even_o before_o the_o incarnation_n of_o our_o lord_n and_o saviour_n they_o be_v such_o a_o terror_n to_o the_o roman_n that_o they_o be_v by_o they_o much_o hinder_v from_o enlarge_n their_o dominion_n beyond_o the_o danubius_n now_o these_o law_n do_v for_o the_o most_o part_n agree_v with_o the_o law_n of_o the_o visigoth_n set_v down_o by_o isidorus_n although_o they_o be_v far_o short_a for_o the_o which_o cause_n it_o be_v not_o unlike_a that_o these_o same_o law_n of_o isidrus_n be_v at_o the_o first_o collect_v out_o of_o the_o constitution_n of_o the_o vestrogoth_n and_o after_o as_o the_o title_n testify_v enlarge_v by_o the_o king_n of_o the_o visigoth_n of_o spain_n out_o of_o all_o these_o provincial_a law_n and_o other_o constitution_n of_o this_o kingdom_n do_v the_o bishop_n and_o senator_n thereof_o above_o 270_o year_n ago_o compile_v this_o general_a law_n very_o agreeable_a to_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n and_o not_o much_o differ_v from_o
all_o their_o province_n be_v visit_v and_o when_o they_o have_v travel_v the_o round_a they_o return_v again_o where_o they_o first_o begin_v which_o the_o french_a parliament_n do_v not_o much_o after_o the_o manner_n of_o the_o judge_n circuit_n in_o this_o kingdom_n and_o as_o this_o course_n be_v very_o convenient_a for_o the_o remedy_n of_o the_o public_a disease_n of_o the_o kingdom_n so_o be_v it_o also_o some_o ease_n to_o the_o subject_n these_o judge_n demand_v the_o tribute_n and_o tax_n by_o turn_n and_o not_o all_o at_o once_o of_o such_o territory_n and_o parish_n as_o they_o visit_v that_o so_o the_o people_n be_v not_o all_o burden_a at_o one_o and_o the_o same_o time_n it_o be_v yet_o further_o to_o be_v observe_v that_o by_o the_o ancient_a custom_n and_o constitution_n of_o this_o kingdom_n beside_o all_o these_o aforementioned_a court_n there_o be_v yet_o one_o general_a court_n command_v to_o be_v keep_v in_o four_o eminent_a place_n of_o the_o kingdom_n once_o or_o twice_o a_o year_n for_o determine_v and_o finish_v some_o case_n which_o by_o the_o other_o judge_n have_v not_o be_v or_o can_v not_o so_o well_o be_v decide_v and_o this_o they_o call_v judicium_fw-la pratoriale_n praetoriale_a judicium_fw-la praetoriale_a which_o be_v a_o meeting_n of_o many_o judge_n together_o where_o controversy_n be_v due_o and_o strict_o examine_v and_o sentence_n according_a to_o equity_n pronounce_v this_o court_n be_v by_o charles_n the_o nine_o father_n to_o this_o now_o reign_v king_n gustavus_n adolphus_n ordain_v to_o be_v keep_v twice_o a_o year_n once_o in_o vpsalia_n in_o winter_n at_o the_o time_n of_o a_o great_a fair_a then_o keep_v and_o the_o other_o about_o saint_n peter_n day_n in_o summer_n the_o judge_n be_v without_o fail_v to_o appear_v at_o the_o place_n appoint_v in_o proper_a person_n six_o week_n after_o the_o publication_n of_o such_o a_o meeting_n now_o whatsoever_o be_v in_o this_o pretoriall_a court_n determine_v betwixt_o party_n and_o party_n be_v to_o stand_v firm_a and_o inviolable_a for_o ever_o without_o appeal_n to_o any_o other_o court_n whatsoever_o royal._n the_o ral_a or_o court_n royal._n and_o because_o the_o king_n will_v be_v sure_a that_o justice_n be_v due_o execute_v in_o all_o his_o dominion_n therefore_o beside_o all_o these_o former_a court_n there_o be_v yet_o another_o great_a and_o solemn_a court_n sometime_o keep_v call_v the_o court_n royal_a or_o ral_a whereas_o either_o the_o king_n in_o proper_a person_n or_o else_o a_o deputy_n or_o special_a commissioner_n hear_v all_o the_o grievance_n betwixt_o party_n and_o party_n and_o this_o be_v a_o court_n of_o reformation_n wherein_o some_o thing_n which_o in_o other_o court_n have_v not_o be_v so_o well_o order_v be_v here_o reform_v and_o amend_v and_o this_o court_n i_o take_v to_o be_v much_o like_o that_o solemn_a court_n sometime_o keep_v in_o the_o kingdom_n of_o scotland_n scotland_n justice_n heir_n of_o scotland_n call_v the_o justice_n air_n wherein_o very_o small_a offence_n be_v severe_o punish_v now_o the_o king_n be_v six_o week_n before_o the_o time_n of_o sit_v to_o intimate_v the_o fame_n to_o his_o subject_n and_o within_o 14_o day_n after_o whosoever_o have_v a_o complaint_n against_o any_o he_o must_v cause_n summon_v his_o adversary_n to_o appear_v at_o the_o day_n and_o place_n appoint_v by_o the_o king_n letter_n to_o that_o purpose_n to_o be_v read_v in_o the_o first_o plac_n it_o or_o court_n or_o where_o there_o be_v none_o keep_v then_o at_o the_o next_o parish_n church_n now_o if_o any_o upon_o this_o summons_n shall_v refuse_v to_o appear_v the_o king_n or_o his_o vicegerent_n shall_v notwithstanding_o his_o non-appearance_n unless_o very_o just_a cause_n may_v be_v show_v proceed_v to_o sentence_n against_o he_o now_o as_o concern_v their_o particular_a law_n statute_n and_o ordinance_n the_o time_n and_o turn_n of_o their_o meeting_n in_o courrt_n of_o justice_n the_o manner_n of_o choose_v their_o judge_n their_o oath_n and_o what_o by_o they_o to_o be_v observe_v as_o be_v too_o long_o and_o tedious_a for_o this_o short_a tractate_n i_o willing_o pass_v by_o but_o if_o any_o be_v desirous_a to_o know_v their_o particular_a statute_n law_n he_o may_v have_v recourse_n to_o their_o history_n and_o such_o as_o have_v of_o set_a purpose_n collect_v and_o set_v they_o down_o in_o order_n i_o proceed_v now_o to_o speak_v of_o the_o might_n and_o power_n of_o this_o great_a king_n and_o then_o by_o what_o mean_v it_o be_v maintain_v chap._n v._o of_o the_o might_n and_o power_n of_o the_o king_n of_o sweden_n as_o well_o by_o sea_n as_o by_o land_n and_o first_o for_o his_o sea_n force_n force_n sea_n force_n it_o be_v certain_a that_o the_o king_n of_o sweden_n beside_o his_o galley_n and_o small_a ship_n ship_n number_n of_o ship_n whereof_o in_o those_o sea_n he_o possess_v no_o small_a number_n have_v be_v many_o year_n ago_o furnish_v with_o fifty_o brave_a war-ship_n upon_o all_o occasion_n ready_a for_o service_n and_o many_o of_o they_o furnish_v with_o 60._o 70._o or_o 80._o great_a piece_n of_o brass_n ordnance_n and_o now_o questionless_a he_o be_v furnish_v with_o a_o far_o great_a number_n neither_o yet_o be_v it_o any_o hard_a matter_n for_o he_o to_o make_v up_o the_o number_n of_o 6000_o sail_n within_o his_o dominion_n sailor_n number_n of_o mariner_n and_o sailor_n not_o of_o rower_n and_o ordinary_a waterman_n i_o mean_v but_o even_o of_o expert_a sailor_n pilot_n master_n of_o ship_n master_n mate_n etc._n etc._n for_o all_o that_o tract_n about_o the_o sea_n coast_n of_o finland_n be_v at_o least_o 40_o mile_n in_o length_n together_o with_o the_o coast_n of_o the_o redeucke_n sea_n twice_o as_o long_o beside_o a_o number_n of_o land_n afford_v the_o inhabitant_n daily_a mean_n of_o no_o small_a commerce_n and_o traffike_n by_o sea_n by_o which_o mean_v the_o mariner_n may_v easy_o become_v both_o bold_a and_o expert_a beside_o their_o maintenance_n be_v not_o very_o chargeable_a to_o the_o king_n for_o the_o most_o of_o their_o pay_n be_v in_o fish_n flesh_n butter_n and_o cheese_n rice_n and_o barley_n such_o commodity_n as_o many_o of_o his_o country_n yield_v he_o for_o tribute_n these_o ship_n in_o time_n of_o peace_n use_v to_o be_v distribute_v into_o divers_a part_n of_o the_o kingdom_n the_o great_a common_o lie_v in_o stockholme_n haven_n which_o port_n be_v so_o fence_v against_o all_o wind_n that_o there_o they_o may_v safe_o ride_v against_o all_o wind_n without_o any_o anchor_n beside_o that_o there_o they_o be_v also_o free_a from_o any_o hostile_a invasion_n there_o be_v no_o access_n thither_o for_o any_o ship_n but_o by_o 24._o mile_n sail_v and_o that_o by_o a_o number_n of_o dangerous_a rock_n the_o rest_n of_o those_o ship_n be_v disperse_v into_o divers_a other_o harbour_n especial_o those_o of_o finland_n that_o so_o they_o may_v be_v always_o in_o a_o readiness_n if_o 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abdication_n of_o this_o king_n this_o condition_n be_v insert_v that_o if_o within_o six_o month_n after_o the_o finish_n of_o the_o last_o parliament_n hold_v at_o lincopia_n this_o king_n sigismond_n will_v send_v over_o into_o sweden_n his_o son_n vâ—sladislaus_n to_o be_v govern_v and_o rule_v by_o his_o uncle_n prince_n charles_n and_o to_o be_v educate_v in_o the_o religion_n then_o profess_v in_o the_o kingdom_n of_o sweden_n that_o assoon_o as_o he_o be_v come_v to_o year_n capable_a of_o government_n they_o will_v receive_v and_o acknowledge_v he_o for_o ever_o afterward_o for_o their_o lawful_a king_n and_o governor_n the_o which_o motion_n not_o be_v entertain_v nor_o yet_o any_o answer_n within_o this_o space_n return_v their_o former_a decree_n of_o abdication_n of_o he_o and_o his_o seed_n be_v there_o solemn_o ratify_v and_o confirm_v sigismond_n marry_v first_o anna_n daughter_n to_o charles_n archduke_n of_o austria_n by_o who_o he_o have_v 1._o anna_n maria._n 2._o katherine_n 3._o vladistaus_n design_v for_o king_n of_o polonia_n 4._o christopher_n cut_v out_o of_o his_o mother_n womb_n and_o short_o after_o both_o he_o and_o his_o mother_n die_v sigismond_n thus_o solemn_o reject_v and_o put_v beside_o the_o crown_n and_o kingdom_n of_o sweden_n his_o brother_n john_n next_o unto_o he_o according_a to_o the_o ordinary_a course_n and_o custom_n shall_v have_v succeed_v but_o by_o reason_n he_o be_v suspect_v to_o be_v too_o much_o addict_v to_o his_o elder_a brother_n king_n of_o poland_n and_o therefore_o assign_v he_o large_a and_o ample_a mean_n suitable_a to_o his_o birth_n and_o parentage_n they_o make_v choice_n of_o the_o young_a brother_n charles_n to_o take_v upon_o he_o the_o government_n of_o the_o kingdom_n who_o notwithstanding_o will_v not_o for_o a_o good_a while_n accept_v of_o the_o regale_n title_n charles_n therefore_o at_o length_n 9_o 147_o charles_n 9_o at_o the_o earnest_a solicitation_n of_o the_o whole_a estate_n take_v the_o government_n upon_o he_o bear_v in_o 1550._o and_o at_o first_o duke_n of_o sudermania_n nericia_n and_o verulandia_n and_o after_o three_o year_n government_n without_o the_o regale_n title_n at_o length_n in_o the_o year_n 1607._o accept_v of_o the_o same_o this_o noble_a and_o worthy_a prince_n swear_v to_o the_o maintenance_n of_o religion_n and_o the_o law_n and_o constitution_n of_o the_o kingdom_n as_o have_v be_v late_o declare_v all_o which_o he_o do_v according_o perform_v the_o peer_n of_o the_o kingdom_n for_o his_o worth_n and_o valour_n and_o many_o good_a office_n he_o have_v perform_v for_o the_o peace_n and_o preservation_n of_o the_o state_n be_v not_o only_o content_v this_o dignity_n shall_v be_v confer_v upon_o himself_o but_o consent_v also_o that_o the_o fame_n shall_v be_v confirm_v to_o his_o heir_n and_o successor_n for_o ever_o which_o fail_v then_o be_v the_o same_o to_o return_v to_o his_o elder_a brother_n john_n and_o his_o heir_n male_a it_o be_v also_o agree_v upon_o that_o by_o reason_n of_o divers_a inconvenience_n arise_v from_o this_o root_n that_o sometime_o the_o king_n of_o sweden_n have_v accept_v of_o another_o kingdom_n and_o by_o that_o mean_n often_o reside_v in_o another_o country_n it_o be_v therefore_o likewise_o enact_v and_o agree_v upon_o that_o no_o hereditary_a prince_n and_o heir_n apparent_a to_o the_o crown_n of_o sweden_n russia_n a_o act_n against_o the_o accept_n of_o a_o foreign_a kingdom_n unless_o he_o refine_v himself_o in_o sweden_n his_o war_n against_o denmark_n and_o russia_n shall_v henceforth_o accept_v of_o any_o foreign_a kingdom_n unless_o he_o resolve_v nevertheless_o to_o live_v and_o continue_v in_o the_o same_o kingdom_n of_o sweden_n this_o noble_a king_n after_o he_o come_v to_o the_o crown_n wage_v war_n with_o the_o king_n of_o denmark_n and_o at_o one_o and_o the_o same_o time_n with_o the_o russian_a also_o for_o juan_n wasilievitz_n suski_n with_o many_o of_o the_o peer_n be_v 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