thereof the dayes exceed not the length of twelve houres but after in every clime encrease the length of half an hour and when they come to forty eight parallels and twenty foâ—r climates as I said before the dayes being then twenty four houres long their encrease is then by whole weeks and moneths till in the twenty fourth clime about the pole the day is full half a year long and it is thus between the Equator and the north pole So it is between the said Equator and the south pole wherefore there are two sorts of climes that is twenty four northern and as many southern touching the names of which and other circumstances I shall say nothing here but leave the readers to other more long discourses thinking this enough in a tract of this nature to have spoken of things generally concerning the whole earth The whole earth is now divided into four parts Europe Asia Africa America Of each part and their several regions Empires kingdoms dominions Common-wealths Titles of honours and laws as briefly as I can together also with their sundry trade and commodities Europe though the least of the three first parts of the world nevertheless excelleth all other parts in worthiness power renown multitudes of well-builded cities and of people skilful in all kind of arts also excelling in vertue and the knowledge of God better then all the riches of the world Through the Grecian and Romane Empire in it it hath had once the dominion over Asia and Africa Mr. Heylin mentions in it fourteen mother tongues which I will not stand now to name It hath plenty of grain plants fruits coles rivers and fountains of admirable vertue it needs nothing but what may be well spared as hot spices not so fit for our temper precious jewels the nourishers of vain and soul-destroying pride and wild beasts which cause deserts where they breed yet of gold silver and other commodities it hath a part it is divided on the east from Asia partly by the rivers Duina and Tunnis and partly by the lâ—ke called Meotis now termed Mare de le Zabbacche pone Euxine or Mare Maggiore From Africa it is severed by the midland sea on the west and north side it hath the great Ocean I shall follow Mr. Heylins method in the desciption of the regions and countries thereof beginning with first Italy then going secondly to the Alps thirdly France fourthly Spain fifthly Britain sixthly Belgia sevently Germany eighthly Denmark ninethly Swethland tenthly Russia eleventh Poland twelfth Hungary thirteenth Sclavonia fourteenth Dacia and the fifteenth Greece speaking of the several islands as they relate to some or other of these greater countries Italy the mother of all Latine learning stretcheth out easterly on Asia between the Adriatick and Thuscan Seas and borders towards the west upon France and towards the north on Germany and is severed from those countries by the river Varus and the mountains called Alpes the rest being compassed with the sea It hath had seven kinds of government first Kings second Consuls third Dictators fourth Decemviri fifth Tribunes sixth Emperours seventh Popes It flourished most in the time of Christ and a little afterwards by means of the great and wide dominion of the mighty city of Rome which then reigned as Queen of the world over many lands of Europe Asia and Africa This land excelleth all the lands of Europe in fruitfulness and pleasantness the inhabitants are witty industrious and frugal yet hot and lascivious And withall the men very jealous and that taken to be not without cause The religion there now professed is the Popish Religion unto which they are more straitly kept by the Inquisition The chief wares which are carried out of Italy into other countries are rice silks velvets sattins taffaties grogrems rashes stamels bumbasins fustians felts serving for clokes costly arras gold and silver-thred allum gals Venetian drinking and looking-glasses It containeth at this day the kingdoms of Naples Sicily and Sardinia the lands and patrimony of the Church so called which the Pope possesseth the great Dukedoms of Urbin and Tuscani the Common-wealths of Venice Genoa and Luca and the estates of Lumbardy being the Dukedoms of Millain Mantua Modena Parma Montferrat and the principality of Piemont of all which I shall observe somewhat The Kingdome of Naples in Italy is environed on all sides with the Adriatick Ionian and Tuscan seas excepting where it joyneth on the west to the lands of the Church from which separated by a line drawn from the mouth of the river Tronto or Druentus falling into the Adriatick to the spring head of Axofenus taking up all the east of Italy one thousand four hundred sixty eight miles it hath anciently been called the kingdome of both the Sicilies The fertilest place of all Italy abounding in all things necessaâ—y for life delight and Physick Hence are also brought the Neapolitan horses It hath had thirteen Princes twenty four Dukes 25. Marquesses ninety Earles and nine hundred Batons not titular onely but men of great estates It hath had twenty six Kings of several countries beginning first with the Norman race and now being in the hand of Spain the disease called now the French Pox was first in all Christendome found here The Arms of this kingdome are Azureâ—seme of Fleur de Lices or a file of three Labels Gules Its revenue is two millions and an half of crowns whereof twenty thousand are the Popes his chief rent and the rest so exhausted in maintaining Garisons upon the Natives and a strong Navy against the Turks that the King of Spain receiveth not a fourth part thereof clearly it hath twenty Arch-bishops and one hundred twenty seven Bishops-Seas The kingdom of Sicilia in Italy is situate under the fourth climate the longest day being thirteen hours and an half it shoots forth into the Sea with three capes or Promontories The people are ingenious eloquent and pleasant but withal very inconstant and full of talk they invented Oratory Pastoral Eclogues hour-glasses with military Engins The soyl is incredibly fruitful in Wine Oyl Honey Minerals of gold silver and allum together with plenty of salt and sugar there are also gems of Agats and Emeralds it yieldeth also great store of the richest silk hath most excellent and delicious fruits both for tast and colour with abundance also of all sorts of grain Here is the hill Aetna which many have taken to be hell and ignorant Papists Purgatory because of its sending forth of flames of fire which the brimstone there causeth It hath many Cities Rivers and Lakes of which I cannot stand to treat There were eight Kings of Sicilia six of the first whereof were called to rule In the year one thousand two hundred eighty one the house of Arragon governed it and there hath succeeded ten Kings It is now united to the Crown of Spain the revenue is eight hundred thousand some say million of Duckets disbursed again on the entertainment of the
A Figure of the Heavens and Elements EARTH AER EYER 1 ☽ The Moone could and moist Benevolent silver 2 ☿ Mercury such as he is ioyned with quick silver 3 ♀ Could and moist Benevolent copper 4 ☉ The sonne hott and dry Benevolent Gould 5 ♂ Mars hott and dry Malevolent Iron 6 ♃ Iupiter hott and moyst Benevolent Tynne 7 ♄ Saturne could and dry Malevolent Lead 8 ♈ Aries 2 ♉ Taurus ♊ Gemini 4 ♋ Cancer 5 Leo 6 â™ virgo 7 ♎ libra â™ scorp 9 â™ Sagita 10 ♑ Capri â™’ Aq*ar 12 ♓ Pisse 9 The Christaline Heaven 10 The first moveable Heavene A DESCRIPTION OF The whole World WITH Some General Rules touching the use of the GLOBE Wherein Is contained the situation of several Countries Their particular and distinct governments Religions Arms and degrees of Honour used among them Very delightful to be read in so small a Volume By ROBERT FAGE Esq. The earth is the Lords and the fulness thereof Psalm 24. vers. 1. LONDON Printed by I. Owsley and sold by Peter Stent at the White-horse in Guilt-spur-street between Newgate and Pye-corner 1658. A DESRIPTION OF The whole world WITH Rules for the use of the Globes and understanding of Maps THe Heavens declare the glory of God and the firmament sheweth the work of his hands Psalm 19. 1. In the Creation of which and the whole earth and sea and all things therein contained of meer nothing within the compass of six daies and in his wise and gracious ordering and guiding of all things is abundantly set forth his infinite and unutterable wisdom power greatness and goodness His end herein is first and chiefly for his own glory The Lord made all things for himself Prov. 16. 4. And secondly mens happiness unto whom the dominion of all things was under God committed Gen. 1. Psalm 8. 6. That men may come therefore to some understanding thereof I shall first speak of the Heavenly and of the Earthly Globes and the several matters incident thereunto Then I shall also make a brief description of the foure parts of the earth and the countries in each part the several Religions professed in them with their varieties of trade and commodities therein never yet set forth in a Treatise of this nature The whole woâ—ld therefore is divided into two parts Ethereal or Celestial and Elemental Of which there are two Globes accordingly the heavenly and the earthly Now a Globe is a proportionable representation of the heavens or of the earth the Ethereal Celestial or heavenly part doth compass the Terrestial oâ— earthly and containeth the ten upper Spheres or neerest unto the earth the Moon 2. Mercury 3. Venus 4. the Sun 5. Mars 6. Iupiter 7. Saturn 8. the starrie firmament 9. the Chrystalline heaven having no stars at all 10. the Primum Mobile or first mover containing all the rest within it and moving from the east to the west carrieth about with it in violence all the other Spheres The rest of the Spheres have contrary motions every one in his kind though far slower then the other the motions are contrary from the west to the east and so are carried about oftentimes by the first mover before they make one perfect revolution in themselves The Chrystaline or ninth sphere his motion is almost insensible and is called the trembling motion peâ—formed according to the opinion of latter Astronomers in four thousand nine hundred years The eight sphere being the starry firmament in seven thousand years the sphere of Saturn in thirty years of Iupiter in twelve years Mars in two years the Sun passeth the Zodiack in three hundred sixty five daies Venus ends her course in somewhat more then a year Mercury holds equal pace with the Sun and the Moon coâ—rseth about the heavens once every eight and twenty daies Thus much for the Celestial or heavenly part of the world wherein I shall need say nothing of the religion of Angels and the spirits of just men made perfect seeing it is manifest enough to every one that there they keep their first estaâ—e The religion also of the fallen Angels who are held by many to be thrust out of heaven and to abide in the Aire whereupon Sathan is called the Prince of the aire Eph. 2. 2. is so noâ—oâ—ious for enmity against God and all manner of wickedness that poor man is more senâ—ient of â—orow for their tentations then 〈◊〉 with words to express their wickedness to the life The Elemental part of the world is fourfold earth water aire fire as may be seen in that round figure of the frame of the heavens and elements one within another the inmost and middlemost circle containing earth and water intermixed together the next the three regions of the air and immediately above that Orbe is the element of fire all which you may easâ—ly discern by their seveâ—al names in their proper places And 〈◊〉 muâ—h 〈◊〉 sâ—ffice to have spoken of the Globâ— of 〈◊〉 whole world I shall now peak first generally and briefly of the Globe of the whole earth and things incident thereuntoâ— thâ—n 〈◊〉 partiâ—ularly of the 〈…〉 and every remarkable coâ—nâ—y in each part as I promised in the beginning The Globe of the earth therefore is defined to be a spheâ—icâ—l body propoâ—tionably composed of eaâ—â—h and water the two parts thereof The parts of the earth are either real or imaginâ—ry The real parts are either Continents or Islands A Continent is a great quantity of Land not interlaced or separated by the sea wherein many kingdoms and pâ—incipalities are conâ—ained as Europe Asia Africa and America An lsland called in Laâ—ine insula quasi in sale is a part of the earth environed â—ound with waters as Brittain Iava St. Laurence Isle Bermoodes Now these again are sub-divided into a Peninsula Isthmos and a Promontory A peninsula is such a tract of land which being almost incompassed round by waters is nevertheless joyned to the firm land by some little Isthmus as Peloponesus Taurica Cymbrica and Pervana An Isthmus is a little narrow neck of land which joyneth any peninsula to the continent as the straits of Dariene in Peru and Corinth in Greece A Promontory is some high mountain which shooteth it self into the sea the utmost end of which is called a Cape as that great Cape of good hope and Cape Verde in Africa Cape Gomerie in Asia and that of Saint Michaels mount in Cornwal the north Cape in Norway and divers others There are also other reall parts of the earth as mountains valleys fields plains woods and the like The other general part of the Globe is the water divided into the Ocean Secondly the Sea Thirdly the Straits Fourthly Creeks The Ocean is the general collection of all waters which invironeth the whole world on every side The sea is part of the Ocean to which we cannot come but through some strait as the Mediterranean sea the Baltiâ—k sea and the like These two take their names either
Wallisland and part of Piemont on the west with Daulphin and La Bress on the south with some parts of Daulphine onely and on the north with Switzerland and the lake of Geneva The country is altogether hilly and mountainous very healthful but not very fruitful the common people are naturally very dull but the Gentry pleasant ingenious and civil there have been neer thirty Earls and Dukes of Savoy it is a very strong place with fortifications of nature the revenue ordinarily a million of crowns yearely The onely order of Knighthood here is that of the Anunciado ordained one thousand four hundred and eight their collar is of fifty links to shew the mysteries of the Virgin at the end is her portraiture with the history of the annunciation instead of a Motto these letters F. E. R. T. i. e. Fortitudo ejus Rhodum tenuit are engraven to every plate or link of the collar each link being interwoven one within another in form of a true lovers knot the number of the Knights is fourteen beside the Duke the Soveraign of the order the solemnity held annually on our Lady day the Arms are G. a cross A. Geneva is a city of the Dukedome of Savoy now a free State having cast off both the Pope and their own Duke and kept freely by their neighbours jealousie each of other touching it the religion is Calvinist Protestant the government Presbyterial the language the worst French the people industrious and Merchants their situation for neighbours advantagious thereunto Wallisland reacheth from the mountain de Burken to the town of Saint Maurice where the hills do close and shut up the valley which is so narrow in that place that a bridge laid from one hill to another under which the river Rosue doth pass is capable of no more then one Arch onely and that defended with a Castle and two strong gates on other parts it is invironed with a continual wall of steep and horrid mountains covered all the year long with a crust of ice not passable at all by armies and not without much difficulty by single passengers so that no citadel can be made so strong by Art as this country is by nature The valley is very fruitful in Saffron corn wine and most delicate fruits having medows and pleasant pastures They have also a Fountain of Salt and many hot Bathes and medicinal waters they have cattle enough to serve them also a wild Buck equal to a Stagg in bigness footed like a Goat and horned like a fallow Deer leaping with wonderful agility and so not easily caught but in summer time for then with the heat he is blind The people are courteous towards strangers but very rough and churlish towards one another they are of the Romish religion and subject to the Bishop of Sion The Deputies of the seven Resorts having not only voices with the Cantons in his election but bein chosen they joyn with him also in the Diets for choosing Magistrates redressing grievances and determining matters of the State Switzerland hath on the east the Grisons and some part of Tyrol in Germany on the west the mountain Iove and the lake of Geneva which parts it from Savoy and Burgundy on the north Suevia another province also of the upper Germany and on the south Wallisland and the Alps which borders on the Dukedome of Millain It is totally in a manner overgrown with craggy mountains but such as for the most part have grassy tops and in their hollowness rich medows and nourishing pastures being two hundred forty miles in length and one hundred eighty in breadth the inhabitants are rich and rugged of disposition like their land good souldiers and mercenary almost to every one their religion mixed some Papists some Protestants Zwinglians yet they have agreed to tolerate one another their government popular The country of the Grizons is bounded on the east with the country of Tyrol with Switzerland on the north with Suevia and a part of the Switzers on the south with Lombardy a very mountanous and barren land the people now Protestant their government popular in these Alpine parts there are two Arch-Bishops thirâ—teen Bishops France hath alwayes been held the principal and worthiest kingdom of all Christendome it is bounded on the east with Germany and southward with the Mediteranian Sea south-east with the Alps and on the north with the Brittish Sea It is very fruitful in all sorts of grain and whatsoever is needful for the maintenance of life especially it hath great abundance of wines wherewith many other lands are also served It is divided into many great Dukedoms and Provinces hath in it also divers great mighty and famous cities the people are heady but ingenious and good warriours The government is meerly regal and at the pleasure of the Prince of which it hath had many great and powerful ones the religion of the Land is Popish but there are many Protestants there who although they have been greatly persecuteed yet sometimes their number hath indulged them in the exercise thereof the chief orders of Knighthood yet extant here are first of Saint Michael instituted one thousand four hundred and nine It consisted first of thirty persons but after of three hundred the habit of the order a long cloak of white damask down to the ground with a border interwoven with cocklsheells of gold interlaced and furred with Ermins with a hood of Crimson Velvet and a long tippet about their necks they wear a collar woven with Cockle-shels the word immensi tremor oceani the picture of Saint Michael Conquering the Devil was annexed to the collar the seat thereof anciently Saint Michaels mount in Normandy and the day Saint Michaels day Secondly of the holy Ghost ordained one thousand five hundred seventy nine The order of Saint Michael is to be given to none but such as were first dignified with this whereunto none were to be admitted but such as could prove their nobility by three descents their oath to maintain the Romish Catholick religion prosecute all opponents to it their robe a black velvet mantle pourtrayed with lillies and flumes of gold the colar of Flower-de-luces and flowers of gold with a Cross and a Dove appendent to it The Arms of France are Azure three Flower-de-luces Or it hath seventeen Arch-Bishops one hundred and eight Bishops and one hundred thirty two thousand Parishes The Pirenean Hills are onely a bound between France and Spaine two potent kingdoms the whole length not reckoning in the windings turnings affirmed to be eighty Spanish Leagues at three miles to a league the people barbarous but of what religion my Author saith not It may be he esteemed them so barbarous that he thought they could live without any religion at all Spain is severed from France by the Pirenean Mountains on all other sides it is invironed with the Sea it containeth at this day divers kingdoms one Gothes two Navars there have been fourty one Kings The
weep and mourn over the bodies of their dead daubed over with dung they hold it a great impiety to burn or bury them but having embalmed them they lay them in so me inner room the men keep at home for the house-hold business the women follow merchandise and affairs abroade the men carry burdens upon their heads and the women upon their shoulders a witty and ingenious people the first inventers of Geometry Arithmetick Physick Astronomy Necâ—omany and Sorcery yea they found out the very use of letters The Christians among them differ from all other Christians first using circumcision with baptisme Secondly conferring all orders under priesthood on infants immediately after baptisme their parents till they come to sixteen years of age performing what they promised in their behalf to wit chastity fasting on Wednesday and Friday and the four Lents of the year Thirdly reputing baptisme not to be of any efficacy except ministred by a priest in the open Church in what extremity soever Fourthly yet not baptising any children till the fortieth day though they die in the mean time Fifthly giving the Lords Supper to infants as soon as christened Sixtly contracting marriages in the second degree without dispensation Seventhly not observing the Lords day nor any Festivals except in cities Eighthly reading the Gospel writ by Nicodemus They differ from the Papists in these things first administring the Lords Supper in both kinds secondly with leavened bread thirdly admitting neither extreme unction nor the Lords Supper to those that are sick fourthly nor Purgarory not prayer for the dead fifthly not using elevation in the act of administring and sixthly accounting the Roman Church for he â—etical and esteeming the Latines no better then the Iews Mount Atlas is a ridge of hils of exceeding height and of no small length it is above the clouds and is alwayes covered with snow in the midst of summer full of thick woods and against Africa so fruitful that it affords excellent fruits of its natural growth not planted grafted or inoculated with the hand of man Lybia hath mount Atlas on the north by which it is parted from Barbary and Asrenaca on the east with Lybia Marmarica interposed betwixt it and Egypt and part of Ethiopia superior or the Abassine Empire on the south with Ethiopia inferior and the land of Nigros and on the west with the main Atlantick Ocean the country abounds with dates the chief diet of the people which commonly rotteth out their teeth their goats they feed with the stones wherewith they grow fat and yield store of milk the air is so â—ound that it cureth the French Pox without any Physick the inhabitants are a base and vile people thieves murderers treacherous and ignorant of all things feeding most on dates barley and carrion counting bread a diet for holidayes their garments of the coursest cloth so short that they cover not half the body the richer sort wear a jacket of blew cotton with great sleeves they ride upon camels without stirrup or saddle a leather thrust through an hole made in the nose of the camel serves them for a bridle and to save spurs they use a goade their religion is Mahomeâ—isme The land of Negros is bounded on the east with Ethiopia superior on the west with the Atlantick Ocean on the north with Lybia Deserta and the south with the Ethiopick Ocean and part of Ethiopia inferior the country very hot by reason of the situation under the torrid zone yet very well inhabited full of people and in some places alwaies grass well watered specially where the River Niger overfloweth well stored with corn cattel and garden ware well wooded having store of beasts wild and tame they want fruit trees they have both gold and silver mines very pure the inhabitants are of little wit and destitute of all arts and sciences prone 〈◊〉 luxury and for the most part Mahometans Ethiopia superior is bounded on the east with the Red Sea and the Sinus Barbaricus on the west with Lybia inferior the Realm of Nabia in the land of Negros and part of the Kingdome of Congo in the other Ethiopia on the north with Egypt and Lybia Marmarica and on the south with the mountains of the moon it is in length a thousand five hundred miles in breadth half as much the religion of the people is they use to circumcise their children both males females Secondly they baptize the males at forty the females 80 daies after circumcision Thirdly after the Lords Supper they are not to spit till sun-set Fourthly they profess but one nature and one will in Christ Fifthly they accept only the three first General Councels Sixthly their Priests live by the labour of their own hands for they allow them nothing nor permit them not to beg Seventhly they baptize themselves every Epiphanie in lakes and ponds because that day they suppose Christ to have been baptized of Iohn in Iordan Eighthly they eat not of those beasts which in the old law are reckoned for unclean and they keep the Jews Sabbtah equally solemn with the Lords day Tenthly they minister the Lords Supper to infants presently after baptisme Eleventhly they reach the reasonable soul of man is derived from the parents by seminal propagation Twelfthly that infants dying unbaptized are sanctified in the womb by vertue of the Lords Supper received by the mother after her conception And finally they shew a book of eight volumes writ as they say by the Apostles assembled at Jerusalem for that purpose the contents therof they observe most solemnly and they differ from the Papists as the Christians in Egypt they are under the goverment of Prester Iohn and the Turk I pass by Ethiopia inferior the people being Pagans and likewise I omit the several Islands of Africa being but small because I have been so large already The chiefest cities of Africa with the names of the Rivers which are there most famous IN Barbary which containeth the Kingdoms of Fez Morocco Tremiser Algeir Tunis Tripoli and Barca there are the famous cities of Morocco Fez Tanger Telensin Oran Algeir Constantine Tunis Tripoli and Barca The Rivers there most famous are the Tensife the Ommiraby and the River of Cebus Mulvia Rio Major and the Magrida In Belledulgered which containeth the Kingdomes of Suz Daza Sagelmosse Tegorarin Biâ—edulgerid and the Desart of Barca there are these famous cities Taradante Dara Segelmoss Tegorarin Zeb Billedulgerid the chiefest Rivers are the River of Sur the River of Darha and the Ghir In Egypt are the famous cities of Sabod Cairo Alexandria Rascha or Rosesta Dumietta Cosir and Surs the renowned River is the River of Nilus In the desert of Zaara are these memorable cities Zauhaga Zuenzera Targa Lemta Berdoa Gaoga and Borno In the country of the Negroes are these remarkable cities Gue Eata Gueneha Tombu Agados Cano Cassena Gangara Tula Catan or Senega Guinala Beria Melli Songo Gago Wuber Zegzog and Sanfara the Rivers here