the Sons of the Strong or of the Gods Bene Elim There were other Hercules's older than this of whom as also of their whole History we have Treated in a particular Dissertation already The expedition of the Argonauts is to be referred to that Age which seems to be mingled with Fables that arose from want of a right understanding of the words of the Phoenicians that related to them For example a Ship is called Argo and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Archo in the Phoenician Tongue signifies a Long Ship It 's said that Ship spoke because the Phoenician word 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Doberah signifies one speaking or the Helm See Sam. Bochart in his Canaan and my Dissertation de Statua Salina Atreus and Thyestes lived a little after in the Peloponnesus who were Notorious for their mutual enmities and wickedness Theseus brought twelve Towns built by Gecrops in the Land of Athens in the time of Gideon into one City Seven Captains wage War against Polynice King of Thebes to wit Adrastus Eteocles Amphiaraeus Tydeus Hippomedon Capaneus and Parthenopeus Most of these having perished in that War their Children called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 i. e. Posterity by way of Peculiarity were revenged upon the Thebans ten years after whom they overthrew in a great Battel under the Conduct of Alcmeon Amphiaraus his Son 2655. 1329. 2768. 1216. Janus Reigned in Italy an Hundred and fifty years before the Arrival of Aeneas and Latinus about 35 years The Destruction of Troy The Fifth EPOCH There are 192 years from the Destruction of Troy to the Building of the first Temple of Jerusalem which makes up The Fifth PERIOD The Year of the World The Year before Christ 2800. 1184. A War arose between the Trojans and Graecians about Paris the Son of Priamus King of Troy his stealing away Helen the Wife of Menelaus King of Sparta which after Ten years continuance ended in the Destruction of Troy We shall hereafter mingle this Epoch taken out of prophane History with those Epochs taken from the Scripture because there is nothing generally so Celebrated in the History of the Heathens as this is Jair the Gileadite was Judge in Israel at this time Ibsan Elon Abdon Sampson Eli and Samuel Succeeded him in this Period in order whose years may be taken out of Petavius his Tables and teir History from the Scripture 2832. 1182. Aeneas that same year when Troy was taken in the Autumn Sailed into Thrace where he wintered and two years after while he tarryed in Sicily whither he went from Thrace having weathered the Tyrrhene Sea he arrived in the Summer at Laurentum and soon after having Marryed Lavinia King Latinus's Daughter he Built the City Lavinium on that Coast 2803. 1181. The Rutilians under the Conduct of Turnus wage War against Latinus and Aeneas wherein Latinus and Turnus were killed Aeneas Reigned three years in Italy Petavius will supply you with the order of his Successors 2817. 1167. A few years after the Kingdom of Sicyon which according to the computation of some had lasted about a Thousand years entirely ended To wit the year before Jeptha took upon him to be Judge in Israel 2832. 1152. Ascanius the Son of Aeneas Built Alba Longa Thirty years after the Building of Lavinium 2881. 1103. The Heraclidae under the Conduct of Temenus Cresphon and Aristodemus fixed their Habitations in Peloponnesus in the time of Sampson's Judging Israel Next year began the Kingdom of Corinth as also of the Lacedaemonians which was continued by the two Families of Erysthenides and Proclides descendants from Hercules Here the Epoch is fixt of the Return of the Heraclidae which is much celebrated among the Greek Writers They were said to have returned at that time into Peloponnesus because they had endeavoured though in vain an Hundred years before to invade that Country 2189. 1095. That return of theirs hapned to be when Eli was Judge in Israel who being Succeeded by Samuel the Children of Israel in his time despising the Authority of the Judges would have a King set over them and so Saul of the Tribe of Benjamin was Elected In his time Codrus the last King of Athens Sacrificed his Life for the safety of his People whose Sons Medon and Nileus contending for the Kingdom the Athenians took the opportunity to abolish the Royal power and made choice of Archons whose Office was to be perpetual but they were to give an account to the People of the Administration and Medon Codrus's Son was the first that bore that Office 2913. 1071. In these times the Greeks that were the Posterity of the * Heb. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Which may be read Ion or Javan Javans or Ionians sent Colonies into Asia from whence they came wherefore the Javanian Athenians and their Posterity the †Heb. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Bene Eol the Sons of a Storm or such as in a Storm came from Asia into Greece Aeolians contended that Asia Minor was first planted with their Colonies whereas they ought to have acknowledged that they themselves were descended from thence but that afterwards they stocked the Country with new Colonies that was till then but ill Peopled They were the People that Built Cuma and Smyrna 2929. 1055. David Reigned after Saul being descended of the Tribe of Judah and was at first a Shepherd afterwards both King and Prophet 2969. 1015. Solomon succeeded David as famous in the Art of Peace as his Father excelled for his Knowledge in Military Affairs and he built a Temple unto God The Building of the Temple of Jerusalem The Sixth EPOCH From the Building of the Temple of Jerusalem to the first Olympiad are computed 216 years which makes The Sixth PERIOD 2992. 992. SOlomon built a Temple unto God which his Father David who was desirous to set upon that work was forbid to do and finished the same in the 23d year of his Reign Herein was the Ark of the Covenant laid up which before was wont to be kept in Moses his Tabernacle The Scripture informs us that this King was adorned with all accomplishments both of Body and Mind but that towards the end of his Life he had not been able to withstand the Temptations of Women so that he fell unto base Idolatry for the love of his Wives and Concubines whereof he had very many In his time the Kings of Tyre were very potent and Hiram then Reigning made a League with Solomon See Marsham ad Saec. 14. Hadarezer or his Son Reigned in Syria as appears from 2 Sam. 10. and from that time forward the Kings of Syria seem to have been very powerful to the time of Nabopolassar who brought Syria as well as Judaea under the Subjection of the Assyrian Empire See 1 Kings 20.2 and 2 Kings 8 9 12. Petavius thinks Homer lived at this time which was not two Hundred years after the Destruction of Troy See his Book De Doct. Temp. 9. c. 30. Some make him an Hundred years later at
least Hesiod was cotemporary with him or at least but a little later but if you will believe the Authority of Arundel's Marble a little older See Marsham ad Saec. 15. 3009. 975. Solomon was Succeeded by his Son Rehoboam who for want of Management lost the Soveraignty over the Ten Tribes and continued only to Reign over Judah and Benjamin Jeroboam the Son of Nebat possest himself of the other ten Tribes and made them Golden Calves to Worship as you have it in the first Book of Kings Hence the Posterity of Jacob came to be divided into the Kingdom of Judah and the Kingdom of Israel which for some Ages after without interruption had different Kings whose names and years you may take out of Petavius his Tables In Rehoboam's time lived Sesac or Sesostris the most Potent King of Egypt who took Jerusalem and having united the four Dynasties of Egypt into one Kingdom made a Conquest of a great part of Asia See Marsham ad Saec. 14 15. 3026. 958. Abijah Rehoboam's Son Succeeded his Father in the Kingdom of Judah and set upon Jeroboam with four Hundred thousand Men who had double the number and overcame him Neither should this be looked upon as a wonder that so many Soldiers should be found in so small a Country for in those days there were no standing Troops but all the Men except such as were Aged Children and the Sick went upon the Expedition 3098. 886. In the Seventeenth year of Pygmaleon King of Tyre when two Kings of the same Name for both were called Joram Reigned in Judah and Israel Dido left Tyre and built Carthage whence t is manifest that Virgil in making Aeneas and Dido to be cotemporaries has been guilty of a great Anachronism See Sam. Bochart in his Canaan L. I. c. 24. who says that Carthage was called Carthada in the Phoenician Tongue that is 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Cartha-hadath or 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Cartha-hadthah a new City and that the Tower was called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Botsrah from which word being pronounced by the Greeks Byrsa arose the Fable of the Ox-hide being cut into small thongs for 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 is an Ox-hide whereas the Hebrew word signifies a Fortress 3100. 884. When Ahaziah King of Judah was dead and that his Mother Athaliah having destroyed all the Seed Royal obtained the Kingdom by Tyranny Lycurgus the Famous Lacedaemonian Lawgiver flourished in Greece whose Laws are extant in his Life writ by Plutarch This was the greatest fault in his Polity that it was altogether Military as if a Common-wealth was less founded upon the Arts of Peace than upon Military Vertues and the next to it was that all the Infants who were born with any imperfections and the Hilotae or Husbandmen least they should grow too numerous were put to death 3108. 876. Petavius and others confine to this year the end of the Babylonian Empire Sardanapalus being Slain by Arbaces Governor of the Medes whom they reckon to have been the last King as if no body had been advanced to his place and that the Empire of the Medes had Succeeded that of Babylon which we have confuted in our Com. Philolog ad cap. 10. Gen. Arbaces the Mede having shaken off the Babylonish yoke set his Country-men at liberty which they retained for about fifty years until they chose Dejoces for their King as Herodotus says Lib. 1. 3142. 842. In the Reign of Joash King of Judah and of Jehoahaz King of Israel Hazael who slew his Master Benhadad King of Syria and invaded his Throne was very troublesom to Judah and Israel both neither did his Son Benhadad carry it any otherwise towards the Hebrews but he was overcome by the King of Israel 2 Kings 13.25 3160. 824. In these times lived Elisha the Prophet Elijah's Successor and not long after the Prophet Jonah who foretold Jeroboam King of Israel he should be victorious over the Syrians 2 Kings 14.25 What year it was he went to the Ninivites is not known but there is no doubt but it was before the Destructiof that City which was Prophesied by the Prophet Nabum and which seems to have happed in the Reign of Nebuchodonosor King of Babylon and of Cyaxanis over the Medes See Petavius his Book de Doct. Temp. lib. 10. c. 3. 3170. 814. The Kingdom of Macedon was founded this year Jeroboam II. being King of Israel as Joash was of Judah Caranus the Argive of the Heraclidan Race as being the Eleventh in course of Descent from Hercules taking a band of Men along with him out of the Peloponnesus began to Reign in Macedon You may be supply'd with his Successors to the time of Philip out of Petavius The First Olympiad The Seventh EPOCH From the first Olympiad to the return of the Jews out of the Babylonish Captivity were 239 years which makes up The Seventh PERIOD The year of the World The year before Christ The Olympiads 3208. 776. Olym. 1. Year 1. IN the time of Azariah King of Judah the Olympick Games instituted of old by Hercules were restored by Iphitus They were celebrated every fourth year and lasted for five days The usual time for them was in the Month of July and the City Olympia in Elis was the place where they were held which as it stood in the Neighbourhood of Pisa was sometimes confounded with it These Games were chiefly made up of five sorts of exercises viz. of Leaping Running Quoiting Darting and Wrestling and he that was conqueror at all these was called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and by the Latins Quinquertio But after the Greeks had begun to breed Horses Horse-races were also admitted among rest either with a single Horse or with Chariots drawn with two Horses or with four The Arts of Musick Poetry Eloquence c. were afterward introduced into the number As these Games returned every fourth year the space of four years was called an Olympiad and from thence it was the Greeks began to reckon their years by Olympiads and hence whatever has any truth or certainty therein in respect to their Chronology dates its original There was nothing that could be relyed on before as to their years Whence M. Varro who divided the Age of the World into three Periods that is to an uncertain fabulous and historical one did begin this last from hence hereof you may consult Sir John Marsham De Chronologia Graecorum ad Saecul 16. 3213. 771. II. 2. At this time Phul King of Assyria was troublesom to the Children of Israel and it was now that Ninive seems to have been rebuilt which is said to have been destroyed before by Arbaces the Mede About these very times the Greeks lead Colonies into Sicily the most considerable of which was that conducted by Archias of Corinth who built the City of Syracuse Hosea Prophesied also then who sometime after was followed by Esaias or rather was cotemporary with him in respect to Age and Prophesying In this Age to wit
by wild Beasts than Men. A little after began the Egyptian Dynasties which were in number four the Theban Thinitican Memphitican and Tanitican Dynasties whose respective Metropolitan Cities were Thebes This and Memphis in the Higher Egypt and Tanis seated in that part of the Country called the Lower Egypt but the first that seems to have possest all Egypt was Menes the first King in each Dynasty He seems to have been the same with Cham Noah's Son Sir John Marsham has a Catalogue of his Successors Sec. 1. and onwards who is to be consulted with concerning the Antiquities of Egypt About these times Fohi seems to have flourished as first Emperor of China though their Calculation exceeds that of the Hebrews which we follow and doth better accord with the Greek of the Septuagint but wherein the error lies who can tell See Is Vossius de Aetate Mundi The Kingdom of Scicyone in the Peloponnesus is thought to have had its beginning not long after whereof Aegialeus was the first King who is placed by Chronologers about these times See Petavius Arts seemed to have flourished about the end of this Period and Architecture was now first known because certain Pyramids of a Stupendious bigness and height are thought to have been built at this time in Egypt but seeing the beginning of all Ancient History commences here we have commonly no more than the Names of Kings and Patriarchs and Fables beyond At this very time Idolatry seems to have sprung up in the World seeing before now all Mankind worshipped one only God And this was the Original thereof Men knew that there were certain separate Essences which were called Angels besides the Supream God whom the Almighty sent as his Legates or Embassadors and if I may say so as it were lesser Gods unto Men. These Mankind at first worshipped as Gods Embassadors as we see the Hebrews themselves held them in great Reverence But when they once fell into that Notion that the Supream God committed Empires Cities and Families to the care of these lesser ones they grew by degrees almost forgetful of the Supream Deity and shewed that Reverence to those lesser Gods that was due to him alone Then they fell into an opinion that the Souls of Excellent Men after their decease were admitted into the Order of those lesser Deities and hence it came to pass that Deceased Kings were worshipped as if they had been taken into the number of the Gods All which however did not hinder but that that Ancient and True Opinion still Survived amongst most Nations that there was a Supream God and that it was upon him alone that the rest of the Inferior Deities had their dependance Moreover because Angels sometimes delivered Oracles in Statues as John Spencer concerning Urim and Thummin prettily conjectures the Heathens erected Statues to their Gods And it should seem afterwards to have come to pass that when both the Worship and Manners of the Gentiles displeased the Angels of Light because they saw many put them up in the place of the Creator they forsook them and the Angels of Darkness succeeded in their places whence the Scripture says the Heathens worshipped Devils not that the Heathens did believe they adored Evil Spirits which we call Devils but because their Temples and Statues were only inhabited by Devils But the discussion of these things require a larger Volume The Calling of Abraham The Third EPOCH From Abraham's Calling to the Law given by Moses are 431 years which makes up The Third PERIOD The year of the World The year before Christ 2022. 1962. IDolatry being now grown prevalent in the World God was pleased to make choice of some Family from among the rest of Mankind wherein the Knowledge and Worship of one only Supream God might be kept up and therefore he called Abraham one of the Posterity of Sem out of Ur of the Chaldees and commanded him to go into the Land of Canaan where he made himself oftner and more clearly known unto him by the Ministry of Angels and especially gave him that Signal promise that it should some time come to pass that one of his Posterity should bring the Blessings of Heaven unto all Nations A little after the coming of Abraham into the Land of Canaan as there were several petty Kings both on this and the other side of the Euphrates there hapned to be a War between them as you have it in Gen. 14. where mention is made of Amraphael King of Sinaar or Babylon not as King of all Asia as is commonly thought the Kings of Babylon then were but as the Companion of Kedorlaomer King of Elam who was much more Potent as having certain Kings in the Land of Palaestine that were his Subjects And here is an Invincible Argument for the overthrow of that opinion concerning the Kingdom of Babylon that it extended over all Asia before Abraham's time under Ninus and Semiramis and Ninyas Semiramis Son seeing Amraphael was King of Babylon at this time and not Arius as they would have it who follow Ctesia or Ninyas the Son of Ninus as Vopiscus after Africanus is of opinion neither was the King of Babylon equal in power to the King of Elam There were several Kings in these times in the Land of Palaestine among whom Abimelec and Melchisedec are mentioned and who yet retained the knowledge of the True God The Scriptures also contain the History and Birth of Ismael Isaac Esau and Jacob which may be consulted for that end 2046. 1938. Abraham was 99 years Old when God gave him his Commandment about Circumcision and the same year were Sodom Gomorra Adma and Tseboim overthrown with Lightning setting fire to the Sulphurous Earth which thereupon sunk whereunto the River Jordan and other Rivulets flowing and mixing their Waters with the Sulphurous matter formed the Lake Asphaltites concerning which I have made a particular Dissertation elsewhere This Conflagration which Lot with his Wife and Daughters was flying from reach'd his Wife who out of Curiosity stopped or turned her face back and made her give up the Ghost with the fright of such a dreadful Spectacle for so are those words in Scripture to be understood 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and she was a Statue for ever that is she grew stiff and remained like a Statue in the same place which we have also shewed in another Dissertation 2122. 1857. In Isaac's Days Inachus founded the Kingdom of the Argives in the Peloponnesus and had Successors of which see Petavius Tanaquillus Faber a very Learned Man after he had observed in his Notes upon the Bibliotheca of Apollodorus That there was nothing in Greece older than the time of Inachus says that Inachus was of Eternal Original which the Name of it self sufficiently discovered for that Inachus was no other than Anach or Enach from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in old Greek which word as is manifest from the Writings of the Poets signified a God or Gods So far he We
that such a vast number of People could be contained in the lower Egypt but the wonder will be lessen'd to him that considers how populous and fertil Egypt was of Old Concerning which consult J. Vossius observ var. c. 10. Neither could there be any danger in the Opinion though we were to grant that the Copyers or Transcribers might through neglect mistake in the number so as that they are sometimes found in our Books to be more than really they were But of this we shall speak elsewhere After they had passed dry-shod through the Red-Sea they lived forty years in the Desarts of Arabia where what befell them is contained in Exodas Leviticus Numbers and Deuteronomy There it was more especially that they received the Law which comprehended three sorts of Precepts The first related to good Manners and were common to all Mankind alike others related to Sacred Rites and the third were established for the Government of Civil Society The Moral Precepts were approved of by all Civilized Nations and every Wife Man as to the Ceremonials there are several of them taken from those of the Egyptians which God established by a Law because the Israelites were already used to them those being rectified which might be faulty concerning which you may consult the Famous J. Marsham and J. Spencera There were also many things in their Polity alike from whence it came to pass that the Athenian Laws agreed in many things with those of the Hebrews as Learned Men and especially Sam. Petyte have observed which last has made a Collection of them because that as Cecrops the first King of Athens being an Egyptian born brought his own Country Laws into the Country of the Athenians so also Moses by God's Command the Children of Israel having been used to the Laws of Egypt commanded many Precepts out of them though he added many particular ones But above all others this was peculiar to the Common-wealth of Israel that God was the chief Magistrate therein and that there was no name of any other Polity could agree with it so that a new one was to be invented which they called a Theocracy 2493. 1421. Moses dyed before he got into the Land of Canaan leaving to the Jews that Law which he had given them in the Name of God 2498. 1486. Joshua having Subdued the Land of Canaan divided it among the twelve Tribes and dyed eight years after 2570. 1425. The Argives having turned out Gelanor the last King of Inachus's Race gave the Government to Danaus who came from Egypt into Greece 2525. 1459. When the Children of Israel after the Death of Joshua fell into Idolatry they were Conquered by Cuschan King of Mesopotamia and paid him Tribute for eight years but at length they were delivered by Othoniel the first Judge after Joshua in Israel 2583. 1401. The Israelites returning again to their former sins were subdued by Eglon King of Moab who was Slain by Ehud their second Judge Some think that Minos Reigned about this time others will have him to have Reigned King of Crete much later some again contend there were two of them one more Ancient and a famous Law-giver and the other co-temporary with Theseus who also lived about the end of this our Period The Kingdom of Troy was Erected and Enlarged in the lesser Asia by Dardanus Erichthonius Tros Assaracus Laomedon and some other Princes Pelops the Phrygian the Son of Tantalus Reigned in Peloponnesus and left his Name to all that Country At this time the Isthmian Games were institutedh which were Celebrated in Honour of Archemorus every third year at the Isthmus of Corinth But some will have them to have been Consecrated to the Memory of Archemorus by Adrastus and those Captains that went to Thebes which hapned later perhaps these only restored them in Honour of Archemorus Belus in the same Age Reigned in Assyria and after his Death was reputed to have been taken into the number of the Gods 2663. 1321. Jabin King of Canaan Subdued the Israelites but they were delivered Twenty years after by Deborah and Barak 2730. 1254. He was Succeeded by Gideon who overthrew the Midianites without fighting this Man was otherwise called Jerubbaal and Sanchoniathon of Berytis consulted him when he writ his History which he composed in the Phoenician Tongue and which Philo-byblius translated into Greek of which version there are some fragments still remaining See Sam. Bochaâ—tus in his Canaan lib. 2. Cap. ult You may also consult Henry Dodwell's Dissertation concerning it who would have Sanchoniathon to be a Supposititious Author 2770. 1214. Abimelech the Son of Gideon after he had Slain his Seventy Brethren Invaded the Office of Judge He was Succeeded by Thola Jair and Jephtha whose Deeds are recorded in the Book of Judges We shall only observe out of the History of Jephtha who vowed his Daughter in Sacrifice that some Learned Men have thought the Fable of Iphigenia to have sprung from thence whom the Greeks are said to have Slain in Aulis Certainly 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 do not much differ about which you may consult Capellus in his Diatriba de voto Jephthae But these belong to the following Period Many things during the time of these Judges in Israel worthy of Remembrance have hapned both in the East and West which cannot be reduced to any certain year Ninus the Son of Belus Reigned in the Greater Asia in the time of Deborah the same that built Niniveh and extended the Empire of Assyria far and near through Asia It was then this Empire seems to have begun to Flourish so as that Ninus may be esteemed as it were the founder of it The Computation of Herodotus is herein more exact from which it appears that the Empire of the Ancient Assyrians lasted only 500. years especially in the upper Asia After Ninus his Death his Widow Semiramis Ruled the Empire concerning whom as well as Ninus you may read Justin lib. 1. Palaetyrus or old Tyre was built in the Reign of Ninus as some would have it but others have thought it to be much older As for Greece there were several Kings who Reigned one after another as well in Athens as in Peloponnesus In Erichthonius his Reign who was the fourth King of the Athenians from Cecrops were the Panathenaea or Minerva's Festival instituted and under Erichtheus the Sixth King were appointed the Eleusinian Sacrifices in Eleusis a City in the Province of Athens which were attended with very Great and Sacred Rites and Phoemonoe was the first Priest at Delphos that delivered Oracles in Hexameter Verse Amphion Reigned in these times at Thebes and Perseus at Mycene A little after the time of Baruck the Theban Hercules the Son of Amphitryon and Alcmene Flourished He was believed to have been Jupiter's Son because in Old Times all that were Valiant were called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 i. e. Jupiter's Sons even as the Hebrews called them 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉
another of the Medes and Persians For he thinks that Cyaxares the first King of the Medes whom he supposes to have been Assuerus delivered the Persians whom his Father Phraortes had Conquered to his Son Darius to be governed by him as their King Whom Daniel c. 9.1 calls as he conjectures Darius the Son of Assuerus of the Seed of the Medes And Cyaxares I. had Astyages for his Successor in the Kingdom of the Medes Dispossest by Cyrus but Darius who was also called Astyages the Grandfather of Cyrus had Cyaxares for his Successor See Marsham ad Saec. 18. But there are many things that do occasion me to dissent from him though otherwise it must be confessed that there can be nothing almost besides conjectures in this business 3426. 558. LV. iii. 196. Craesus last King of Lydia Reigned sixteen years his Father being still alive as Petavius supposes The Poets Ibycus Simonides and Stesichorus as also the Philosopher Anaximenes flourished at this time 3429. 555. LVI ii 199. After the Death of Neriglissor Baltassar his Son Reigned alone nine Months at the end whereof he was Slain by Nabonides's faction or as Petavius thinks by that of Darius the Mede and Nabonides or Darius the Mede succeeded him In this Age lived Xenophanes of Colophon the Philosopher and Theognis the Poet Sirnamed 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 now flourished Phalaris the Tyrant of Agrigentum flourished then also one Perillus is said to have made him a brazen bull hollow within wherein he shut up Men alive and putting fire under it made their crying to seem like the bellowing of a Bull. But the first on whom the experiment was tryed was Perillus himself of whom Ovid in his first Book de Arte Amandi after he had said that Busiris slew the Man who first taught him to pacifie the Gods with the blood of his Guests speaks thus Et Phalaris tauro violenti membra Perilli Torruit infelix imbuit auctor opus Justus uterque fuit neque enim Lex aequior ulla est Quà m necis artifices arte perire suá 3440. 544. LIX i. 210. Croesus King of Lydia marched against the Persians or the Army of the Medes and Persians commanded by Cyrus the Persian and while he hoped to return home Conqueror he was deluded by the Ambiguous answer of the Oracle 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 For having past over the River Haly he was overcome by Cyrus and upon the taking of Sardis was made a Prisoner and carryed into Captivity leaving all Asia unto Cyrus A little after flourished Anaximander the Milesian who foundout the obliquity of the Zodiack and Pherecydes of Scyros not the Syrian for he was not of Syria but of the Isle of Scyros who was Pythagoras his Master who not long after were followed by Hipponax and Hippicus the Poets In these times lived Consucius in the furthermost parts of Asia among the Chineses who was an excellent Philosopher Of whom see Mart. Martinius in his History of China lib. 4. and Philip Coupletius in his Proem to Confucius Not long after Croesus his overthrow when Harpagus in Cyrus's Name governed the lesser Asia the Phocaeans being weary of his Rule left Asia and Sailed into Gaul where they fixed their Seats about a place where now Marseilles stands and built that City 3446. 538. LX. v. 216. This year Cyrus having subdued the King of Babylon's Confederates marched to Babylon it self which he took and for his Reward his Uncle Cyaxares who dyed soon after bestowed his only Daughter Mandanes upon him whom when he had marryed he was made Heir to all Cyaxares his Kingdom and gave a beginning to the Persian Monarchy which had not any equal to it before Daniel the Prophet lived to this time who was carried captive into Babylon by Nebuchadnezer to whom under Nabonidus or Darius the Mede the last King of Babylon the Prophecy of the Seventy weeks was Revealed upon the elapsing of which the Messias was to come as we shall see hereafter The Return of the Jews The Eighth EPOCH From the Return of the Jews out of the Babylonish Captivity to the Subduing of Carthage are 336 years which makes up the Eighth PERIOD Year of the W. Year before Christ Olymp. of the Building of Rome 3446. 538. LX. v. 216. THE same year wherein Cyrus began his Reign upon the taking of Babylon he put forth a Decree wherein the Jews who were held in Captivity by the Kings of Babylon were ordered to Rebuild the Temple of Jerusalem in obedience to which they returned in great numbers into their own Country under the Conduct of Zorobabel together with Josua the Son of Josedec the High Priest Two years after they laid the Foundations of the Temple and erected an Altar But the Samaritans their Neighbours who also worshipped the God of Israel while they pretended a readiness of themselves to assist the Jews in the work and were refused by the Jews they endeavoured by their Calumnies to induce the King of Persia to put a stop to the further carrying on of the building Esd 4. In these times Simenides of Ceos Anacreon of Samos Lyrick Poets and Xenophanes the natural Philosopher and Poet flourished amongst the Greeks 3451. 533. LXI iv 221. This year Tarquinius Superbus the last King of the Romans having Slain his Father in Law began his Reign which continued for four and twenty years Five years after Cyrus wageth War with the Scythians if you believe Justin and Herodotus and was slain by Thomyris Queen of Scythia But Ctesias says that he was wounded in a Battle he fought against the Derbices and dyed three days after having first given many good Precepts to his Sons Cambyses and Tanyoxares But Zenophon clearly describes him dying pleasantly in a good old Age after he had Reigned thirty years He was Succeeded by Cambyses II. King of Persia who Reigned seven years and five Months Cambyses upon the Death of Amasis King of Egypt and his being Succeeded by Psammenitus in that Kingdom invaded it where after he had done many cruel Acts and in the mean time commanded his Brother in Persia to be put to Death he at last ran mad and not long after was wounded and dyed After his Death a certain Magician called Smerdis very much resembling Tanyoxares both in body and face took upon him to be the same Person and Reigned seven Months Petavius thinks this Man to have been Artaxerxes whom Esdras makes to Succeed Ahasuerus c. 9.7 See his Book de Doct. temp lib. 12.27 About these times Polycrates the Tyrant of Samos was crucified by Oron Governor of Sardis who took him by a stratagem after he held the Tyrannick power for eleven years with great Success 3436. 521. LXIV iii. 233. After the counterfeit Tanyoxares had hid himself seven Months he was at last taken and destroy'd by the Seven Peers of Persia who conspired against him and one of their number viz. Darius the Son of Hystaspis was made choice of in his room
the Samnites a great overthrow Marius in the mean time by the assistance of C. Sulpicius Tribune of the People endeavoured to deprive him of his Command But Sulla returning out of Campania to Rome slew Sulpicius and put Marius to flight Italy was again much afflicted the following year with the Armies commanded by Marius Cinna Carbo and Sertorius while Sulla won many Battels from Mithridates and wasted his Army Marius dying of Sickness Cinna being then Consul L. Flaccus succeeded Sulla in the Command but his own Lieutenant Fimbria killed Flaccus who being afterwards forsaken by the Army that went over to Sulla slew himself Nay Cinna was also slain by the very Army he got ready to march against Sulla leaving the Consulship to Carbo alone who refused to accept of the Terms of Peace offered him by Sulla This Man therefore marched out of Greece at the Head of Thirty thousand Men and with them overthrew a much more numerous Army of Cn. Norbanus Flaccus the Consul in Battel At the same time Q. Sertorius who had an Army in Italy despairing of any good Success went into the farther Province of Spain which fell unto his lot to govern But Cneus Pompeius who afterwards conquered him joined Sulla with three Volonian Legions being then but Three and twenty Years old Sulla next year overthrew C. Marius the other 's Son in battel at Praeneste and then possessing himself of the City confiscated the Estates of his Enemies He also fought with and overcame the Praetor Damasippus Marius Carrinates and the Samnite Troops before the Gate called Collina He was afterwards made Dictator which Office after three years space he laid down of himself 3906. 78. CLXXV iii. 676. Hyrcanus upon the death of King Alexander his Father succeeded him in the Kingdom of Judaea and reigned eleven years In the mean time Sertorius in Spain being one while beaten another while Victor worsted the Roman Armies commanded by Metellus and Pompey in divers Battels till that after five years both himself and Perpenna his Lieutenant were slain by the Treachery of their own Men whereby Pompey had the opportunity of recovering Spain At that time Servilius conquered the Isaurians and took their Cities in Cilicia from whence having got the Sirname of Isauricus conquered the Pirates and reduced Cilicia and Crete into the form of a Province he triumphed L. Lucullus engaged in the Mithridatick War and won many Victories over that King That War called the Servile one breaking forth under the Conduct of Spartacus it was with difficulty put an end to in three years space by M. Crassus the Praetor and Cn. Pompeius Cicero was then Quaestor in Sicily and began to be famous for his Eloquence Varro also with Lucretius Catullus and other learned Men lived in those days 3917. 67. CLXXVIII ii 687. Servilius having not perfectly destroyed the Cilician Pirates and others who having repaired their Shipping infested the Seas every where Pompey was entrusted with an extraordinary Commission to clear the Seas from those Robbers which he perform'd with that celerity that he either took them all or having burnt their Ships rendred them incapable of more mischief in the space of forty days The same Pompey being next year sent against Mithridates did at length put a final period to that War and so had the honour of Triumphing He performed also many famous Exploits almost throughout all Asia Then Hyrcanus King and High-Priest of the Jews was put out of the Pontificate by his Brother Aristobulus who exercised that Charge for the space of three years but being taken Prisoner by Pompey when he conquered Jerusalem he was together with his Children sent to Rome and Hyrcanus restored again to his former Office The same year Cicero being Consul delivered the Commonwealth of Rome from a most dangerous Conspiracy Cataline who was the Chief of it being overcome and slain by Petreius Lieutenant to Anthony the other Consul 3924. 60. CLXXX i. 694. Pompey Crassus and Caesar having contracted a strict Friendship one with another formed a Design of oppressing the Commonwealth now distracted with divers Factions Caesar obtained Gaul for his Province and held the same for ten years Syria fell to Crassus his lot from whence marching against the Parthians he was together with his Son P. Crassus and the whole Army hemmed in by their Horse and slain The two Provinces of Spain came to Pompey's share In the mean time Cicero was sent to and recalled from Banishment Hyrcanus in Judaea being driven out of Jerusalem by Alexander the Son of Aristobulus was restored by Gabinius This same Gabinius that he might lessen the Authority of the Grand Synedrim or Council at Jerusalem erected four more like thereunto viz. at Gadaris Amathus Jericho and Saphoris While Caesar was getting several Victories over the Gauls and Germans Pompey dedicated his Theatre and gave Plays wherein ten Lions and eighteen Elephants were slain But Crassus as was said before warring rashly against the Parthians perished in the said Expedition 3933. 51. CLXXXII ii 703. Cicero this year got a Decree of the Senate to make him Proconsul in Cilicia and after having overcome some bands of Robbers in Mount Amanus and taken some Castles was saluted by the Army with the Title of Imperator Cassius also at the same time valiantly defended Syria against the Irruption of the Parthians so that they were forced to be gone re infectâ Next year after the Senate had in vain required Caesar to dismiss his Army broke out the Civil War between him and Pompey wherein first Caesar entring Italy with his Army drove the Senate and Pompey from thence Then Pompey's Troops in Spain submitted to him and after that returning victorions to Rome he entred upon the Consulship and having transported his Army over into Epirus he overcame Pompey himself who flying into Egypt was slain by Ptolemy Caesar pursuing Pompey thither was very like to have been cut off by the King of Egypt yet he overcame the Alexandrians and entred upon the Office of Perpetual Dictator He conquer'd Scipio Pompey's Son-in Law in Africa the following year and at last in the fifth year from the first breaking out of the Civil War beat Pompey's Sons in Spain by which last Victory he got the Sovereign Power entirely into his hands Then he bethought himself of regulating the Course of the Year and seeing the preceding one which was called the Year of Confusion by his Command consisted of 445 Days this which was the 45th before the Birth of our Saviour was the First Julian Year the same being made up of 365 Days and 6 Hours which being set together make One Day in every Fourth Year the same being called the Bissextile or Leap-Year See Pet. Rationar p. 2. l. i. c. 1. He was slain in the fourth year of his Dictatorship and the sixth after the commencement of the Civil War on the First of March in the Senate-House There was one Antipater an Edomite by Nation who
from Ireland to the Picts and to have converted them also to the Faith From henceforward the Christian Religion flourish'd in that Island which before seemed to have lain hid therein seeing the same if we believe Gildas a British Writer of those times had been brought thither in Tiberius's days 565. Justin II. Steward of the Houshold and his Sister's Son succeeded Justinian in the Empire who because he did not go out of his Palace by reason of a Meagrim wherewith he was afflicted he could not give a Hearing to the Complaints of the People against the Nobles which yet were very great but they had Satisfaction given them through the prudent Management and Severity of the Captain of the Guard Narses in the beginning of his Reign was called out of Italy and Longinas put into his room who was the first Exarch of Ravenna At that time Alboinus King of the Lombards leaving their Habitations in Germany invaded part of Italy where they erected the Kingdom of the Lombards 578. Justin died without doing any thing memorable and left Tiberius Anicius Constantine for his Successor Leovigildus King of the Goths in Spain is said at this time to have forbidden that any of those who went from the Homoousian or Consubstantial Party over to the Arians should be rebaptized by them as had been practised before but that they should only be admitted by the Imposition of Hands with this set form of Words If he gives Glory to the Father through the Son in the holy Spirit which Evagrius also says was in use among the Arians in the East 582. Tiberius did in the mean time overthrow the Persians in several Battles by his General Mauritius whom for that reason he created Caesar because he had overcome the Enemy with a small Army and falling Sick not long after he appointed him to be Emperor and gave him his Daughter Constantina to Wife The Avarians made War upon him but without Success while the French fought with the Lombards and the Saxons with the Suevians who had taken Possession of their Seats in Germany while the Saxons were with the Lombards in Italy These last People after the Death of Alboinus were without a King for Ten Years but at last they advanced Atharitus to the Regal Dignity who prevailed mightily over the Romans in Italy Recaredus at the same time quits Arianism and espouses the Consubstantialists Opinion in Spain and for that reason had the Appellation of Catholick given him Mauritius by his Generals Philippicus and Commentiolus worsted the Persians in divers Battles at what time Gregory sirnam'd the Great was chosen Bishop of Rome in a Season when a great Plague raged there Gregory soon after wrote his Dialogues and Evagrius bears Testimony that he wrote his History in the same Age. The Avares and Sclavi having possess'd themselves of Pannonia and the neighbouring Countries Mauritius was almost continually at War with them therefore as he was resolved to keep an Army upon the Frontiers of the Empire to defend the remote Provinces he chose rather that they should take up their Winter Quarters in the Enemies Countries than there which so disgusted the Soldiery that they rebelled against him and chose Phocas a Centurion to be Emperor who presently laying hold of the opportunity marched with a Body of his Troops directly for Constantinople and soon after when he had first slain Mauritius's Sons before his Face put him to Death also who shewed wonderful Constancy in this Tragedy 602. This Phocas is said to have given the Title of Vniversal Patriarch to the Bishops of Rome and a right of Precedency before the Bishop of Constantinople which hapned during the Incumbency of Boniface who next to Sabinianus succeeded Gregory and was the Third of that Name 606. Phocas as he had begun went on to reign cruelly and condemned all to Death whom he suspected to be in the least guilty of any Innovation without excepting his own Sons in Law Hence it was that several conspired together against him and Heraclius and Gregoras made an Agreement between themselves that he should be Emperor that Killed him wherein Heraclius prevail'd who immediately together with his Wife Eudoxia took upon him the Imperial Dignity This Prince observing Phocas's neglect of Military Affairs made it his first Care to levy an Army to oppose the Persians who ravaged all the Frontiers of the Empire Soon after died his Wife after she had brought him forth a Son whom he named Heraclius and dignify'd with the Title of Augustus then with the Permission of Sergius the Patriarch he Married Martina his own Niece 5. 〈◊〉 that time a most wicked Woman in France whose Name was Brunechildis sowed Discord between her Nephews Theodobertus and Theodoricus disturbed the Royal Family and at length after he had been twice overthrown procured Theodobert to be slain by his Brother She her self afterwards took care to have his Children put to Death and then removed Theodoricus also by Poison out of the way who was Succeeded by Clotair his Cousin-German and who obtained the Monarchy of all France which was before divided between the Brethren Now the first Attempts of Heraclius to raise an Army proving slow and faint because he was naturally averse to War the Persians and Avares rejecting the terms of Peace he offer'd them pressed him hard on both Sides so that he went seriously to work about forming an Army wherewith having now made Peace with the Avares he might at least repress the Insolence of the Persians for which end he was forc'd to borrow Silver and Gold Plate and other the Sacred Treasure of the Church Wherefore the War commenced in the Twelfth Year of his Reign at the beginning whereof the Persian General Saes having contrary to the Law of Nations made his 70 Ambassadors Prisoners sent them to King Cosroes who being Angry that he had not taken Heraclius himself commanded Saes his Skin to be flea'd off alive and put Sarbarus into his Command 622. Mahomet this year being accused of Sedition in Mecha a City of Arabia fled to Medina which for that reason by the Arabs is called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Medinath ol Nabi the Jurisdiction of the Prophet from this year it is that the Mahometans begin their Aera which they called by the name of Hegira i. e. flight It 's said Mahomet was at first a Keeper of Camels but that afterwards by conferring with a certain Monk whose name was Sergius who was a follower of Manetes's Phantastical Opinion he became well instructed in the Notion of Predestination for which the Mahometans are great Sticklers and for those who thought Christ himself had not Suffer'd but that a Phantasm was substituted in his room which is believed by Mahomet's Followers to this day From hence it was that the Crafty Man had an itching desire to erect a new Sect in the World whereof himself was Head wherefore having Married his Mistress whom he had served in looking after her Camels he
worthy in the opinion of the Nobles of the Royal Dignity Aistulphus who at that time was King over the Lombards drove Eutychius at length out of Italy and so an end was put to the Power of the Eastern Emperors in that Country The same Aistulphus began to be troublesom to the Pope and endeavoured to Possess himself of the City of Rome but Stephen Zachary's Successor withstood him stiffly and having sought to Constantine for Aid to no purpose he has recourse to Pippin to whom he privily wrote Letters wherein he begged his Assistance against the Lombards and Pippin at length prevail'd so far with Aistulphus as to make a Truce with the Pope but Aistulphus refusing to stand to his Promise Stephen in the year 754. went himself in Person to Pippin and wrought so far upon him as to raise an Army to pass over the Alps in his favour who accordingly entring Italy overthrew Aistulphus's Forces and at last granted him Conditions of Peace But so as that he should deliver up Ravenna to the Pope and make restitution of whatever he had taken from him From thence he returned into France and finding by the time a year came about that Aistulphus had violated his Faith he made a second Expedition into Italy and having beaten Aistulphus again imposed the same Conditions upon him Here was laid the principal foundation of the Pope's Power so that the Roman Pontiffs were beholding almost for all to Pippin and Charles the Great In the mean time Constantine having assembled 338 Bishops held the Seventh General Council wherein Images were put down and called Idols The Iconolatrae or Image-Worshippers do not allow this to have been a lawful Synod because the Western Bishops consent was wanting 759. Jusaph who reigned over the Saracens in Spain was dispossess'd in the Name of the King of the Asian-Saracens by reason of an overthrow given him by the remainders of the Christians in that Kingdom and Abderamen made King in his stead who reigned at Corduba Seven and twenty Years 763. All the Work which the Image-Worshippers found for Constantine could not hinder him from making War upon the Bulgarians whom he overcame and at his return to Constantinople triumphed tho' the Turks breaking into Armenia through the Streights of the Caspian Sea committed great Depredations there as they did afterwards and won great Victories over the Saracens themselves 766. He sent Ambassadors not long after to Pippin to perswade him to take away the Images about which there arose much Strife between the Greeks and Latins in the Synod of Gentiliacum but nothing seems to have been determined upon that Head The Greeks also accused the Latins because they added and from the Son to the Nicene Creed where it treats of the Procession of the Holy Ghost whereas it was only before who proceeds from the Father 768. This year wherein after much Contention Stephen III. was chosen Bishop of Rome died Pippin who left his Sons Charles and Carloman to succeed him Constantine about the same time finding by Experience that the Monks were a sort of People given to Sedition commanded them to leave their Monasteries and to Marry and so live among the Laiety unless they rather chose to be banished 771. Carloman after a Reign of Four Years died and left his Brother Charles sole Monarch of France who not long after sent Bertha Daughter to Desiderius King of the Lombards back to her Father This Prince divested Pope Stephen of the Exarchate of Ravenna and Charles's Ambassadors could by no means bring him to restore it which made Charles march with an Army into Italy and wrest that out of his hands which he could not effect by an Ambassy and so put an end to the Kingdom of the Lombards Paul the Deacon was Secretary to Desiderius and was the most Learned Man of those times and therefore highly esteemed by Charles who as the times went was a Learned Prince Alcuin an Englishman and Charles his Tutor was also a Person not inferior to the Deacon 773. The Saxons by their continual Rebellions cut out much Work for him now and afterwards while that Constantine the Emperor died in the mean time leaving Leo III. his Son to succeed him who also created his Son Constantine of that same Name with his Grandfather Emperor when he had first bound his Nobles by an Oath that they should suffer no other to Reign Leo had before this made his Wife Irene his Mother's Name-sake Augusta This same Princess was the King of Bulgaria's Daughter whereas the other Irene was Daughter to the King of the Chazari which I thought fit to take notice of in this place lest the sameness of the Name should work any Confusion in History 779. Whilst Charles the Great overcame the Saracen Prince of Navarr in Spain Leo also got a great Victory over that People in Syria This Prince was so set against the Idolaters or Image-Worshippers that upon his finding some Images with his Wife Irene he abstain'd from her Company tho' she denied that she knew any thing of them Irene soon after upon his Death in her Son's Name assumed the Imperial Power and held it for Ten Years Thereupon the Images were presently set up again and the Monks and Nuns sent into their Monasteries Nicephorus Leo's Brother whom Copronymus had formerly given the Dignity of Caesar to was still alive who when some of the Nobles had endeavoured to advance to the Throne was seized by Irene together with his Brothers shorn and shut up in a Monastery 786. Irene this year endeavoured to assemble a General Council at Constantinople in order to Condemn the Image-Breakers but was obstructed in her Design by a Sedition of the Common People yet next year there was one held at Nice wherein the Image-Breakers were condemned and this second Nicene Council was called the Seventh General one by those who approved of the Worship of Images Irene and Charles could not well agree because Rachisius Duke of Beneventum her Vassal was quelled by Charles when he would have made War upon the Bishop of Rome wherefore the Proud Woman sent an Army into Italy to restore the Kingdom of the Lombards but being overthrown by Charles's Forces they returned to Constantinople without effecting their Design 788. This year the Normans or Danes arriving at first with three Ships only in Britain ravaged the Sea-Coast of it In the mean time the Government of Irene grew daily more and more intolerable to the Nobility but when she observed that some of them favoured her Son's Interest she thrust them into Monasteries and forced the Inhabitants of Constantinople to Swear fealty to her without any mention of her Son But she could not the year following hinder Constantine by a Joint Consent of the Army to be advanced to his Father's Throne Tho' this Prince who before was invited by every body to take the Administration upon him being beaten often in the succeeding years became hated almost of all Men
of Abraham out of Mesopotamia to the time of the Law given by Moses which we referr to the year of the World 2453 before Christ 1531 and comprehends 431 years The Fourth commences from the time of the Law given by Moses from whence to the taking of Troy we reckon 347 years in the year of the World 2800 before Christ 1184. The Fifth is the Destruction of Troy from whence to the building of the Temple of Jerusalem which was effected An. M. 2992 before Christ 992 are comprehended 192 years The sixth is the Building of the Temple at Jerusalem by Solomon which was 216 years before the first Olympiad which is computed to fall in the year of the World 3208 before Christ 776. The Seventh is taken from the first Olympiad from whence are reckoned 238 years to the return of the Jews from the Babylonish Captivity that hapned An. M. 3446 before Christ 538. The Eighth is the Freeing of the Jews from the Babylonish Captivity by Cyrus which fell out 336 years before Carthage was overcome by Scipio An. M. 3782 before Christ 202. The Ninth is taken from the Subduing of Carthage which hapned 202 years before our Saviours Birth and fell out in the year of the World 3984. The Tenth is the Birth of our Saviour Jesus Christ from which to the Conversion of Constantine the Great to the Christian Faith are reckoned 312 years which fell out An. M. 4296. The Eleventh is taken from the Conversion of Constantine which hapned 488 years before the Reign of Charles the Great which begun in the year of our Lord 800 An. M. 4784. The Twelfth we fetch from the Reign of Charles the Great with which we close up this our Compendium of Ancient History Now as for those Intervals of time that flow between the several Epochs them we call Periods The Creation The First EPOCH From the beginning of the World to the Deluge are computed 1656 years which space contains The First PERIOD The year of the World The year before Christ 1. 3984. THE most accurate Chronologers do reckon that the World was Created in Autumn in the Month of October concerning which you may consult Dionys Petavius his Ration Lib. 2. p. 2. as also his book De Doc. temp p. 2. l. 9. c. 7. We are informed by no other History besides the Scripture what was done in this Interval of time which yet at the same time speaks of things with that obscureness and brevity that but little knowledge of those times can be got from thence Recourse may be had to the first six Chapters of Genesis where after the Creation of the World these are the principal Events to be met with The Creation of Adam and Eve their sinning and begetting Cain and Abel 129. 3855. Cain Slew his Brother Abel when Adam and Eve had no other Sons besides them but afterwards begat Seth the Scripture says nothing of any Children they had of the Female Sex save that before Adam dyed he begat Sons and Daughters Gen. 5.4 987. 2997. Enoch was Translated to Heaven without tasting of Death 1536. 2448. God forewarns the corrupted World of the Deluge by Noah an hundred and Twenty years before it came to pass Here two things are observable the long life of the Antediluvian Patriarchs and their food They lived then many Ages which when some Men have not been able to digest they have said they were Monthly years so that 1200 years before the Deluge made up no more than 100 Solar years but how ridiculous this is will immediately appear by observing of the Computation for according to their Calculation Seth who is said to have begot Children when he was 105 years old must have begot his first born at nine years of Age and others as Enoch Cainan and Mahalaleel must have done so much sooner See Lanct Div. Inst lib. 2. c. 12. As to their Food most of the Ancient and many of the Modern Writers have been of Opinion that they lived only upon Fruit and that eating of Flesh did not begin till after the Flood which is very likely from Gen. 9.3 The Deluge The Second EPOCH From the Deluge to the calling of Abraham are 366 years which Interval makes up The Second PERIOD The year of the World The year before Christ 1656. 2328. GOD sent the Deluge to destroy the Corrupted Race of Mankind from off the face of the Earth and Noah with his Family alone escaped whereof there remain clear Footsteps in the Ancient Monuments of the Heathens concerning which among others Hugo Grotius may be consulted in his Annotations on the first Book of V. R. C. as also Sam. Bochartus in his Phaleg lib. 1. The Memory of Noah and his Sons Sem Cham and Japheth remained among the Heathens though obscured with divers Fables as they have shewed 1809. 2175. Then Mankind began to Build the Tower of Babel to preserve them a Name among Posterity and about which they might fix their Habitations least they should be scattered over the face of the Earth But through Discord they were dissipated into different Regions and it came to pass in process of time that the Original Language underwent various changes among a People that were so remote from one another Of this you may see what we have writ in our Philological Comment upon Gen. 11. The Posterity of Sem fixed their Seats in the upper Asia of Cham partly in Asia and partly in Africa and of Japheth in the lesser Asia and Europe See Gen. c. 10. as also the forecited Bochartus Soon after the first Discipation of Mankind Nimrod the Son of Chus who in the Chaldee is called Bar-Chus whence the name of Bacchus amongst the Greeks began to settle his Empire in Mesopotamia the beginning of whose Kingdom were Babylon Ezech Chalne and Acchad in the Land of Sinaar that is Babylon from whence he went out into Assyria and built Nineve Rechoboth Chalach and Rosen as Moses relates Gen. 10.10 11. by which words is only meant that he laid the Foundation of those Cities which were afterwards so called for Nineve was so named some ages after by Ninus See Bochartus his Phaleg Lib. 4. c. 12. But whether the Kingdom descended from this first King to his Posterity is uncertain Africanus doth indeed recite the Names of seven Chaldean Kings and six Arabian that Reigned in Babylon but these are clearly different from those which some have produced out of Ctesia The first that Africanus has is called Evechous but that in Ctesia is Belus and therefore all these are to be reckoned amongst the obscure number See Is Vossius and Dion Petavius Kingdoms were in those times very small and what has been usually said of that great Empire of Babylon whose bounds were extended by Ninus the Son of Belus who is thought to have been Nimrod through all the greater Asia is a meer Fable The Earth in those days was in a manner incumbred every where with Trees and inhabited rather
in the fourth year of the fifth Olympiad the Archons which till now had continued in Office for life were at Athens made to hold but for ten years and the first of them was Alcmaeon After the Reign of fourteen Kings in Italy from the time of Aeneas Romulus Numitor's Grandson set up a new Kingdom of which Rome was the Metropolis whose Foundations are thought to have been laid about the end of the third year of the sixth Olympiad whence from the following year that way of reckoning from the building of the City dates its beginning Year of World Before Christ Olymp. Building of the City 3231. 753. VI. iv 1. Romulus first King of the Romans Reigned thirty eight years and the year following the Conquerors at the Olympick Games began to be crowned whereas they had before no other reward save that their Names were Registred among the publick Records Those Crowns were made of Pine Apple Olive-Trees c. 3237. 747. VIII ii 7. While Phul and Tiglath-Phalasar his Successor Reigned in Assyria and fixed their Royal residency in the City of Ninive Nabonassar began his Reign in Babylon whence the most celebrated Aera of Nabonassar took its beginning among the Chaldeans This Person seems to have restored the Babylonish Empire which was fallen and to be the same with him who was called Baladan whose Son was Merodac 2 Kings 20.12 See Petavius Lib. 9. c. 52. De Doct. temp The Sabines having by a certain Stratagem possessed themselves of the Rock Tarpeia were troublesom to the Romans and both Parties being ready to decide the difference by a Battle they were by the intervention of the Roman Matrons made friends so as that they coalesced both into one People and Tatius and Romulus Reigned jointly together 3241. 743. IX ii II. The Messenian War between the Messenians and Lacedaemonians began this year and lasted for twenty years till the Messenians were utterly overthrown Aristodemus a brave Man being General of the Messenian Forces Pausanias and Justin may be consulted hereupon 3258. 743. XIII iii. 28. In the time of Hezekiah King of Judah the Lacedaemonians were overthrown in a great Battle by Aristodemus who to propagate an off-spring prostituted their Wives from whence sprang the Parthenians who thirty years after under the Conduct of Philantus the Son of Aracus who was the Author of the prostitution of the Women going to seek out new Habitations possest themselves of Tarentum in Italy See Justin L. 3. 3263. 721. XIV iv 33. Salmanassar who Succeeded Tiglath Phalasar in the Kingdom of Assyria this year which was the last of Hezekiah's Reign after he had taken Samaria and Hosheah King of Israel carryed the ten Tribes Captive into Assyria and Media and Transplanted into their room other Nations given to Idolatry the History whereof may be read 2 Kings 17. and from them sprang those People who were afterward called Samaritans who received the Law of Moses and of the Books of Scripture allowed the Pentateuch only to be Canonical and they have the same to this day written in the old Hebrew Characters ' which the Jews have changed for the Chaldee ones 3269. 715. XVI ii 39. Romulus as we have already said the first King of the Romans and cotemporary with Hezekiah while he mustered the Army in the Marshes of Caprea upon the sudden rising of a Tempest was never seen more Some would have it that he was killed by the Senate and that afterward to avoid the scandal of it he was taken into the number of the Gods as if Mars had snatched him up into Heaven See Dionysius Halicarnas Lib. 1. About this time Sennacherib King of Assyria entred with an Army into Judaea as is set forth 2 Kings 19. But in the lesser Asia that Gyges who was so famous for his Wealth Governed being the first King of Lydia of the Mnermnadan Race after four others descended from Hercules of whom the last whose name was Candaules he with the Queens assistance cut off 3270. 714. XVI iii. 40. Numa Pompilius Succeeded Romulus in the Kingdom of Rome who improved the City by Religious Ceremonies and Civil Laws and Reigned three and forty years Next year Merodac King of Babylon while Assaraddon Sennacherib's Son ruled in Assyria sent Ambassadors to Hezekiah as we read 2 Kings c. 20. Assaraddon is thought to have invaded the Kingdom of Babylon which opinion is grounded upon this Argument in that there is no further distinction made after that in Scripture between the Kings of Babylon and Assyria 3286. 698. XX. iii. 56. Wicked Manasses Succeeded his Father Hezekiah who eight years after being carryed captive into Babylon upon his repentance was restored again and Reigned in all 55 years In his time the Medes under the conduct of Arbaces shook off the yoke of the Kings of Babylon and constituted Dejoces who was a Man eminent for Justice and Equity to be their King by whom was built the famous City of Ecbatana concerning whose name and largness you may consult Bochartus in his Phaleg l. 3. c. 14. 3297. 687. XXIII ii 67. From this time forwards the Archons at Athens were chosen annually and the first of them was Creon The Messenians the nineteenth year after the first War which they had waged with the Lacedaemonians revolted from them under the leading of Aristomenes who for the space of fourteen years valiantly defended them But at last the Lacedaemonians after ten years Siege took Messina and put an end to the War And the remainder of the Messenians upon the overthrow of their Country Sailed into Sicily where they possess'd themselves of Zancle which they called Messinâ—… 3313. 671. XXVII ii 83. The year before the Messenians Sailed thither Tullus Hostilius Succeeded Numa Pompilius and Reigned three and twenty years Egypt from the time of Sesostris King of that Country who we have told you was cotemporary with Rehoboam was molested with intestine troubles and divided into parts among diverse Princes until again in this Age it was brought under the obedience of Psammetichus alone concerning which see Sir John Marsham ad Saec. 16. 3326. 658. XXX i. 96. Cypselus began to act the Tyrant at Corinth and held it for thirty years having expelled the Bacchiades who hitherto had had the chief management of the Publick whence it came to pass that Demaratus the Corinthian Sail'd into Italy for fear of that Tyrannical Government and fixt himself at Tarquinij a City of Etruria 3341. 643. XXXI ii 111. Manasses King of Judah was Succeeded by his Son Amon who after he had Reigned two years left Josiah to Succeed him who was a pious and good King 3345. 639. XXX ii 115. Ancus Martius the fourth King of Rome began his Reign now which he continued for four and twenty years Then Solon was born the Law-giver of Athens and the year before Thales Milesius both which were of the number of those seven famous Wisemen of Greece The names of the other five who were equal to
these two were these Periander the Corinthian Pittacus a Mitylenian Bias of Priene Chilon the Lacedaemonian and Cleobulus the Lindian Of these see the Book writ by Ausonius intituled Ludus Septem Sapientum A few years after Phraortes the Son of Dejoces King of the Medes having laid Siege to Ninive perished with the greatest part of his Army but Cyaxares his Son who Succeeded him in the time of King Josiah going about to Revenge his Fathers Death renewed the Siege of the said City the Father or Grandfather of Nebuchodonozor being then King of Babylon While Cyaxares was ingaged in that Siege the Scythians under the Conduct of Madye making an Eruption out of Scythia over-powered him and so roving through all that part of Asia which is more to the South held it under their power for eight and twenty years 3359. 625. XXXVIII vi 129. This year according as Dionys Petavius conjectures Nabopolassar Nebuchodonozor's Father began his Reign in Babylon and as Berosus says who writ his Annals of the Chaldaeans in Alexander's time he appointed a Lieutenant under him over Egypt Phoenicia and Syria whom afterward Rebelling against him he reduced by his Son Nebuchodonozor unto obedience 3361. 623. XXXIX iv 131. Draco corrects the Laws of Athens and made such severe ones that they were said 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 to be writ not with Ink but with Blood 3370. 614. XLI iii. 140. This year Tarquinius Priscus the fifth King of Rome began his Reign and continued it for 28 years He was Son to Demaratus the Corinthian who before being named Lucius at Lucumum was upon his living at Tarquinij called Tarquinius 3374. 610. XLII iii. 144. After Josiah was overthrown and killed by Necho King of Egypt he was Succeeded by Jehoahaz his Son who Reigned only three Months for being carryed into Egypt Nechoh put Jehoiakim into his room who Reigned eleven years 3376. 608. XLIII i. 146. Nabopolassar sent his Son Nebuchodonozor this year into Syria that he might bring the Kings Lieutenant that had Rebelled against him to his duty which when he had effected he over-ran Judaea took Jerusalem imposed a Tribute upon King Jehoiakim and carryed away some of the People into captivity among whom was Daniel the Prophet Having returned from thence to Babylon he Succeeded his Father in the Kingdom and from hence they compute the beginning of the seventy years which Jeremiah speaks of c. 30. The Scythian Nomades a few years after when they had held Asia for 28 years being feasted by Cyaxares being made drunk with Wine and fallen fast a sleep were utterly cut off by him 3385. 599. XLV ii 155. This year Nebuchodonozor dispossest Jehoiakim who Rebelled against him of his Kingdom and put his Son Jehoiachin in his stead who did not Reign above three Months and some days for he Rebelling also he was besieged in Jerusalem by an Army from Babylon to whom he Surrendred himself and was carryed thither This was the second Captivity wherein Ezekiel Mordecai and Josedek the High-Priest were carryed away Then Nebuchadnezer made Mattaniah his Uncle King in stead of Jehoiakin and called him Zedekiah who was the last King of Judah and Reigned eleven years In these times flourished Epimenides and Anaximander the Philosophers Aleman and Alcaeus the Poets and Sapho the Poetess and from this Age forwards Greece abounded with such Wits 3390. 594. XLVI iii. 160. Solon not long after being Pretor in Athens corrected Draco's Laws which were too severe as Platarch Relates in Solon's Life The same year Astyages the last King of the Medes Succeeded his Father Cyaxares Nebuchadnezer being then King of Babylon who three years after took Jerusalem and put out Zedechiah's Eyes after he had Slain his Children before his face and saving a few poor People led all the Jews into Captivity He also not long after according to Ezechiel's Prophecy c. 26. and so on took Tyre after a long Siege and levelled it with the ground which must be understood of Palaetyrus that stood upon the Continent not of the new City that was built in the Island and which was now first built For when the Tyrians saw that they were no longer a match to the Chaldaeans they carryed every thing that was valuable with their Wives and Children into the Neighbouring Island leaving the old City to the Chaldaean Army and built a new one in that Island See Sir John Marsham ad Saec. 18. After Nebuchadnezer had subdued the remainder of Judaea and Palaestine he Conquered the Ammonites and Moabites and the Egyptians soon after also 3397. 587. XLVIII ii 167. Now the Amphyctions that is Senators chosen out of all Greece who sat at Delphos about the management of the publick concerns of that Country appointed the Pythian Games to be celebrated every fourth year as well as the Olympick ones in honour of Apollo 3407. 577. L. iv 177. Servius Tullius the sixth King of Rome Reigned 41 years who was of so obscure an extract that his Parents were not known whence Seneca in his CVIII Epistle says This shews that there were two Kings of Rome one of which hath no Father and the other no Mother For who Servius's Mother was is doubtful and as for Ancus he had no Father he being called Numa's Grandson which words are worth noting because they are a clear illustration of those words of the Author to the Hebrews where Melchisedec is said to be without Father and without Mother Next year Nebuchadnezer having made Amasis Governor of Egypt he slew King Apries whom Jeremy calls Vaphree and after he had for some years Ruled Egypt in the name of the King of Babylon he shook off his yoke At the same time the Nemaean Games were first celebrated by the Argives and then it was that Aesop the Phrygian and Author of the Fables flourished among the Greeks 3420. 564. LVI i. 190. Evil-merodac Succeeded Nebuchadnezer his Father and Reigned three years Neriglissor Son in Law to Nebuchadnezer having Slain him substituted his own Son in his room and as his Guardian managed the Government for five years whom therefore Daniel the Prophet attributes to Baltassar for so was his Son called About these times Pisistratus first played the Tyrant at Athens who being afterwards twice ejected recovered his power as often within the space of sixteen years Then also Astyages the last King of the Medes according to Justin and others was divested of his Rule by his Grandson Cyrus but according to others whose opinion as being grounded upon Xenophon's Authority we the more readily favour He dyed when Neriglissor King of Babylon made War upon him and left Cyaxares II. to Succeed him who made Cyrus the Son of his Sister Mandanes the Daughter of Astyages and of Cambyses King of Persia who pay'd Tribute to the Medes absolute Commander of his forces though we cannot deny but Marsham reconciles these two opinions in this manner when besides the Kingdom of the Medes whose capital City was Ecbatana he makes
under the leading of Leonidas durst with wonderfull boldness oppose his Land-forces at the Streights of Thermopylae where valiantly fighting they were every man of them Slain But that vast Army was next year utterly overthrown at Plataea a City of Boeotia Mardonius being General of the Persians as Pausanias and Aristides were of the Graecians In these times flourish'd Pindar the Poet and Anaxagoras the Philosopher 3057. 477. LXXV iv 277. Caeso Fabius who with the single Family of the Fabij to the number of three hundred and six of ripe years and four thousand Vassals made War against the Vejentians was overthrown by them at the River Cremera and the whole Army destroyed of which Ovid in his Fastorum says Una dies Fabios ad bellum miserat omnes Ad Bellum missos perdidit una dies One day the Fabij all One day the Fabian Race made all extinct But that many things are false herein as that amongst such a number of Men grown there was one under Age is shewn by Dionys Halicarnasseus and the matter is handled at large by Jac. Perizonius in his Observ c. 5. At this time Sicily was imbroil'd several ways what with Gelon and Hieron Tyrants of Syracuse and Theron of Agrigentum within and the Carthaginians from without who endeavoured to possess themselves of it 3510. 474. LXXVI iii. 280. Artaxerxes was made partner with his Father in the Kingdom About the same time Sophocles began to teach the way of Tragedies and a few years after was the most excellent Tragedian Euripides born In the same Age also flourished Herodotus of Hallicarnassus who is the most Ancient of all the Greek Historians we have 3514. 470. LXXVII iii. 284. Cimon the Son of Miltiades Admiral of the Athenians Fleet took away several Cities of Asia from the Persians and overcame them at Sea with two hundred and fifty Ships only when they had no less than three hundred and forty and a little after gained another Victory over their Land Forces at Eurymedon a City of Pamphylia The Athenians at that time waged War with good success against their Neighbours in Greece and gave divers overthrows to the Thassians Thracians and Aeginetans The Lacedaemonians also brought the Hilotes and Messenians who Rebelled against them under Subjection again having sent home the Auxiliary Troops of Athens because of the suspicion they had of them 3516. 468. LXXVIII i. 286. T. Quinctius General of the Romans obtained a Victory over the Voscians and after the taking of Antium Triumphed Next year upon the Death of Hieron in the Isle of Sicily succeeded his Brother Thrasibulus in his Tyranny over Syracuse but being expelled by the Syracusians he went into Banishment to Locris and from that time forward the Syracusians enjoyed a free State for 40 years together till Dionysius his days 3519. 465. LXXVIII iv 289. Artabanus the Hyrcanian slew Xerxes and Accused his Brother Darius of the Parricide before Artaxerxes whom as we have said Xerxes had made his Copartner in the Empire Darius being condemn'd to die Artaxerxes was wounded by Artabanus but afterwards slain by him whence he obtain'd the Name of 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 or Long Hands and began this year to Reign alone and Reigned XL years To him Themistocles fled in his Banishment who was very kindly received and rewarded by him The same Artaxerxes was a great favourer of the Jews and in the twentieth year of his Reign gave Nehemiah leave to Rebuild the Walls of Jerusalem when Cyrus had only allowed them the favour of Rebuilding the Temple Nehemiah finish'd that work in a very short time notwithstanding all the opposition made to the contrary by the neighbouring Samaritans Ammonites and Arabians 3522. 462. LXXIX iii. 292. In the mean while there was a Law made at Rome after several Tumults raised by the People which was called the Terentian Law concerning the Quinqueviri that were to be created with consular power as well from among the Commonalty as Nobility The year after Ap. Herdonius the Sabine with four thousand Exiles and Servants seized on the Capitol but soon after by the assistance above all others of the Tusculans they were driven out Thenceforward the Romans gave many overthrows to the Sabines and Aequi and when it hapned so that Minucius the Consul through ill management was Besieged by the Aequi in his Camp Quinctius Cincinnatus being called from his Plow to take upon him the Office of Dictator he conquered the Aequi and made them Slaves The Athenians this very time under the Conduct of Leocrates often beat the Corinthians and Epidaurians and forced Garrisons upon the Aeginetae and Megarensians after which under the leading of Myronides they Routed the Lacedaemonians and from this spark was afterwards that flame of the Peloponnesian War kindled 3530. 454. LXXXI iii. 300. Petavius thinks that Daniel s Seventy weeks ought to take their beginning from this year See Lib. 12. de Doc. temp This same year upon the Abrogating of the Terentian Law concerning the Quinqueviri there were three Embassadors sent into Greece to make an inspection into the Laws of that Country and especially into those of Athens that they might amend the Roman Laws by them Upon the return of the Embassadors which was three years after the Tribunes of the People and Consuls were laid aside and the Decemviri constituted to set down the Laws of the Common-wealth who were the first that reduced the same into ten Tables which by the addition of two more to them afterwards made up those Famous twelve Tables which were the foundation of the whole Body of the Roman Laws After the Republick had for the space of two years or a little more been Governed by this sort of Magistracy it reverted to its Ancient form upon this occasion As the Decemviri demeaned themselves but indifferently in their charge and that Appius Claudius had made Virginia a free Maiden of Rome a Slave out of the hopes he had to enjoy her her Father Virginius Slew him made the People Mutiny and brought things so to bear that the Office of the Decemviri was Abrogated and Tributes of the People and Consuls were chosen again While these things were doing in Rome Nehemiah returning from Chaldaea together with Ezra the Scribe Rectified the corrupt manners of the Jews and pressed upon them the observation of the Law of Moses From this time it was that the Jews began to gather the Books of Scripture together into one Volume which is the same we have at this day But seeing that the Jews during the Babylonish Captivity had almost forgot the Hebrew Tongue and way of Writing the Ancient Books were written in Assyrian Characters and what was read in the Hebrew Tongue in the Scriptures was expounded to the People in the Chaldee See Lud. Capellus concerning the Hebrew letters But the Samaritans when they received Moses his Law before the Phoenician or Ancient Character was grown quite obsolete preserved them from whence it comes
other Outrages there Soon after he endeavoured by exquisite Torments to bring the Jews to abjure their Religion many of whom he forced to it though he was not able by the cruellest kinds of Death he could think of to frighten others to it among which number were Eleazar and his seven Brethren of whom read 2 Mac. vi vii 3816. 168. CLIII i. 586. Matthatias one of the Lineage of Aaron fled to the Mountains of Judaea and invited those Jews who were zealous for their Old Religion to come and join him but he dying the following year left Judas Maccabaeus his Son to succeed him who performed many famous Exploits against Antiochus his Captains Now the reason why Matthatias's Sons were called Maccabees was because these letters 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Machbai were on their Ensigns which are the initial letters of these four words 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Who among the gods is like unto thee O Lord They were also called Hasmonaei from the Chaldee word 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 which signifies Princes 3819. 165. CLIII iv 589. Judas after he had won many Victories over Antiochus's Generals purged the Temple that had been polluted and consecrated the same by a new Dedication on the 25th Day of the Month Casleu that is November the 23d Hence it was that the Feast called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 or The Dedication of the Temple was celebrated every year Next year Antiochus being dead Judas began to take upon him the Office of High-Priest though he could not yet take the City of David where Antiochus Epiphanes had planted a Garrison While he laid Siege to it Antiochus Eupator the Son of Epiphanes came with an Army to Jerusalem and for some time sate down before it but having afterwards patcht up a Peace he entred the City and took and demolish'd the Walls thereof A little after this Demetrius Soter this Prince's Uncle who had been long kept for an Hostage at Rome privately left the City went into Syria and having recovered his Father's Kingdom slew Antiochus and Lysias his chief General and then growing angry with the Jews he was soon after by the artifice of Alcimus who lay upon the catch for the High-Priesthood brought to make a League with them But the Peace was of no long duration for next year a War broke out between them and Judas Maccabaeus fought Bacchides Demetrius's General and slew him Now it was that Eumenes and Attalus Kings of Pergamus lived as also Hipparchus a famous Astronomer among the Greeks not to forget Pacuvius of Brundusium a Tragedy-Writer among the Romans 3835. 149. CLVII iv 605. The Carthaginians molesting Masinissa King of Numidia who was Confederate with the Romans and building Ships contrary to the Articles of the last Peace gave a beginning to the Third Punick War which was carry'd on by Sea and Land by both Consuls and within four years finally terminated with the Destruction of Carthage by Scipio Aemilianus Much about the same times began the Achaian War occasioned by the Achaians driving out the Roman Legates from thence as also the War in Spain against Viriatus who invaded Lusitania 3839. 145. CLVIII iv 609. The Jews under the Conduct of Jonathan the Brother of Judas did well enough neither were the Kings of Syria at Enmity with them and Jonathan brought things so well to bear that he made a League with the Romans and Lacedaemonians which last he accosted in a very honourable manner as if they had been originally descended from the same Stock as the Jews 1 Maccab. xii He was succeeded in the Office of High-Priest by his Brother Simon three years after the fore-mention'd League 3851. 139. CLXI iv 621. The Achaian War was terminated within a year after the first commencement of it and the City of Corinth being burnt by L. Mummius Achaia was reduced into the form of a Province which is so much the more to be wonder'd at that the Jews should a little before make an Alliance with the Lacedaemonians who were in Confederacy with the Achaians But in Spain things were carry'd on with various successes until now that Scipio Aemylianus after a long Siege destroyed Numantia Simon two years before this being treacherously slain by Ptolemy his Son-in-Law he was succeeded by John Hyrcanus his Son who was at first in amity with Antiochus Sidetes but afterwards becoming his Enemy laid some of his Cities waste and among others Sicima and Garizim where the Temple that had been built above two hundred years before was utterly destroyed Then he subdued the Edomites and forced them to be Circumcised because they were the Posterity of Abraham The very same year that Numantia was taken died Attalus and left the Romans his Heir and the now bringing of rich Hangings Paintings Pictures Precious Moveables c. out of Asia into Italy began to infect the Romans with Luxury and debauch their Manners That year also Tiberius Gracchus Tribune of the People raising a Sedition in the City was slain It was not long after that the Romans began to lead Colonies into Gallia Transalpina after they had subdued the Inhabitants of the Province of Narbonne whilst all things in Asia were turned topsie-turvy by base Murders among the Kings of Syria Demetrius was killed by his Wife Cleopatra for Rhodogunes's sake She also did the same by his Son Seleucus who had assum'd the Kingly Power without her Authority Antiochus Grypus reigned in his stead who made his Mother Cleopatra that would have given him Poison drink it her self After which he waged War with his Brother Antiochus Cyzicenus for a long time with various success 3873. 111. CLXVII ii 643. This year began the Jugurthine War the History whereof is written by Salust King Jugurtha corrupted some of the Roman Commanders with Money and received great Overthrows from others of them till at length after the Revolution of eight years he was led in triumph by C. Marius then Consul At that time it was that Aristobulus upon the Death of Hyrcanus succeeded as High-Priest and reigned one year leaving the Kingdom to Alexander Jannes his Brother who was greatly distressed by Ptolemy Lathurus King of Egypt Marius overcame the Teutones and Ambrones at a Place called Aquae Sextiae and from henceforward the Romans began to oppress the Gauls 3830. 94. CLXXI. iii. 660. Ariobarzanes being by Mithridates expelled the Kingdom of Cappadocia was restored by L. Sulla Propraetor of Cilicia and this gave a beginning to the Mithridatick War which kept the Roman Armies in play for forty years together A little after Nicomedes King of Bithynia being expelled by the same Mithridates was reinstated by Sulla But Mithridates the very next year after the Restitution of Nicomedes having levied a greater Army seized on and wasted Phrygia took care to put to death all the Citizens of Rome that were in Asia and that in one day and invaded Macedon Thrace and Greece Sulla was at that time engaged in the Italian War and gave
being advanced by the favour of Hyrcanus to the highest Employments at the Court of Jerusalem proved very serviceable to Caesar in the Expedition he made to Alexandria and therefore was made by him Governor of Judaea This Man was Herod the Great 's Father who for all that upon the death of Caesar assisted Cassius and when he was overcome joined in with the Interests of M. Antony as we shall see by and by and made way for himself to obtain the Throne by his marrying some time after Mariamne Hyrcanus's Grand-daughter We are to observe in the first place that Brutus and Cassius who were Heads of the Conspiracy for cutting off of Julius Caesar were in some time overcome by C. Octavius Caesar and M. Antony after they had caused great Disturbances in the Empire which would be too tedious for me to particularize what was most remarkable were the Proscriptions they made wherein perished a great many of the best and most accomplish'd Men of which number was Cicero M. Lepidus as Triumvir had a hand in these mischiefs with Antony and Caesar and then dying left the Supreme Power in their hands but they almost ever after were at perpetual enmity one with another until at last they brake out into a Civil War Sextus Pompeius who was the only surviving Son of Pompcy the Great was then in possession of Sicily and had a strong Naval Force but being at length conquered by Octavius Caesar he was by Antony's Command cut off as he was going to him for succour 3945. 39. CLXXXV ii 715. The Parthians while these things were in agitation brake into Syria and having seized on Jerusalem they at the Instigation of Antigonus the Son of Aristobulus cut off the Ears of Hyrcanus divested him of the Pontificate and made Antigonus High-Priest in his room Herod who took Hyrcanus's part fled to Antony and Caesar at Rome of whom he obtained the Kingdom of Judaea according to a Decree of the Senate beyond his own expectation From thence going into Judaea and being assisted by C. Sosius he took Jerusalem in the fourth year of his Reign Having made Antigonus a Prisoner he crucified him and thus having put an end to the Dominion of the Hasmonaean Family that had continued One hundred twenty six years he advanced one Ananelus who was fetch'd from Babylon and made him High-Priest but he discharged him afterwards and put in Aristobulus the Brother of Mariamne his Wife whom soon after because he found him Popular he caused to be strangled as he was swimming He also commanded his Wife Mariamne to be beheaded some years after because she continually upbraided him with that Murther 3953. 13. CLXXXVI ii 723. This year was the Actian War waged by Augustus Caesar against Antony and Cleopatra wherein the former prevailed and took Egypt while the other two laid violent hands upon themselves Caesar triumphed the third year after and it was not long before he obtained the Name of Augustus The Actions performed by him we shall pass over as having been set forth by divers Persons and only say That after such bloody Beginnings when once he got the Supreme Power into his own hands entirely he proved to be an excellent Prince and govern'd the Commonwealth with great Clemency the most notable Examples whereof you have in Seneca de Clementia He was also a favourer of Learning whereby it came to pass that many excellent Men flourish'd in all sorts of good Literature in his time the chief of whom whose Writings have reach'd our hands were Livy Strabo Vitruvius Virgil Horace Tibullus Propertius Ovid c. He had no Male Children but only one Daughter named Julia whom at first he married to Marcellus his Sister's Son that died young and afterwards to M. Vipsanius Agrippa who together with Mecaenas was his intimate Friend From this last Marriage came Caius and Lucius Caesaeres who being Adopted by their Grand-father died young Augustus also Adopted Tiberius and Drusus his Sons-in-Law the Children of Livia Tiberius died without leaving any Child for his Son Drusus by the treachery of his Wife Livia died before him But from Germanicus the Son of Drusus came a numerous Progeny of whom hereafter yet Germanicus himself as well as his Father Drusus lived not to an advanced Age. 3979. 5. CXCIII iv 750. Herod after the perpetrating of various Murthers and even upon his own Children Alexander and Aristobulus Mariamne's Sons being near his end for the compleating of his Cruelty slew the Children of Bethlehem because there was a rumour spread abroad That the King of the Jews should be born there For Christ according to the Calculation of Petavius whom we follow herein was born about Fifteen Months before the death of Herod The Wise Men soon after came into Judaea and from their making an enquiry where the King of the Jews was born Herod took occasion to cut off the Infants as aforesaid He also a little after commanded his Son Antipater whom he kept in Prison and knew he had designed to poison him to be slain The which when Augustus heard Macrobius in his Saturn lib. ii c. 4. says he should express himself to this purpose That it were better to be Herod 's Hog than his Son Archelaus after Herod's death came to Rome that in pursuance to his Father's Will he might obtain the Kingdom of Judaea from Augustus who divided the same into Tetrarchies or four Governments two whereof he bestowed upon Archelans and gave Herod Antipas and Philip each of them one 3983. 1. CXCIV iv 753. Though all Chronologers do agree that our Saviour was born about these Times yet as to the Year they do not agree some are of opinion that blessed Nativity happened six years before the vulgar Computation Petavius thinks it to have been five and Baronius and Scaliger with some others will have it to be no more than two years In the mean time that they may not derogate from the ancient usage and lest a confusion should be introduced into the Account all reckon the Years according to the Vulgar Opinion which is That our Saviour was born when Cossus Cornelius Lentulus and L. Calphurnius Piso were Consuls on the Twenty fift Day of December Forty three Years after the first Consulship of Augustus when in conjunction with Antony and Lepidus he invaded the Rights of the Commonwealth of Rome Yet this is not accounted the First Year of Christ but the following one only in reference to the Calculation of the Julian Year Christ The Xth EPOCH From the Nativity of Christ to the Conversion of Constantine the Great are reckon'd Three Hundred and Twelve Years which makes up The Xth PERIOD Years from the Birth of Christ 3. TIBERIVS who was of a morose and jealous Nature being not able to agree with Caius and Lucius Caesars withdrew into the Isle of Rhodes and lived there for seven years but having this year obtained leave of Augustus he came back to Rome wherein Lucius being sent into
Spain sickened and died at Marseilles Eighteen Months after his Brother's decease Caius also departed this life in Lycia as he was at last returning into Italy whither he had been required to come by Augustus Tiberius from henceforward was as it were by the Suffrage of all Men designed Successor of the Empire Augustus had indeed a third Grand-son from his Daughter Julia whose Name was Agrippa but him he never dignified with those Honours nor loved to that degree as he did his Brothers Augustus at length after he had governed the Empire for fifty seven years obtained the 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 or easie death which he wish'd for at Nola in Campania on the 19th of August in the Seventysixth year of his age 14. Tiberius suceeded Augustus and reigned Two and twenty years This Prince by his overcruelty afflicted the Romans grievously as you may see in Tacitus and Suetonius In the mean time Germanicus the Son of his Brother Drusus reduced the mutinous Legions in Germany to Obedience though they made a tender unto him of the Empire and led them against the Cherusci Chatti and Angrivarii Nations dwelling about the Rhine whom he overcame and then triumphed From thence he was sent with an extraordinary Commission into the East of whom Tiberius who was of a most mistrustful and exceeding timorous Disposition growing jealous 't was believed he was poison'd by Piso Governor of Syria two years after Tiberius after the Revolution of seven years left Rome and retired to Campania with an intention never to return confining himself to the Island Caprea to his dying day The very same year that he went into Caprea was Pontius Filate sent Governor into Judaea 28. The next year which was the fifteenth of the Reign of Tiberius John the Son of Zacharias who was born in the same year with our Saviour began to preach Repentance in Judaea neither did he admit the Jews themselves to become his Disciples without they were first Baptized 30. After he had spent a year in that Work Christ came to be baptized by him and then began his own Ministry but John was cast into Prison by Herod upon account of the Reason given in the Gospel This year died Livia Tiberius's Mother being hated by her wicked Son when she had lived eighty six years 33. Christ in the third year after he began his Preaching was Crucified for the Salvation of Mankind on the Twenty third Day of March the Sixth Festival and fifteenth Moon according to the Usage field in Judaea when he had celebrated the Passover the third or at least the second time aster he had entred upon his Office He died towards the end of a Friday and rested in the Grave all the Saturday together with part both of Friday and the Sunday following that is about Six and thirty Hours in all He arose the Twenty fifth of March before Sun-rising ascended into Heaven the Third of May and sent the Holy Ghost upon the Apostles the Thirteenth of the same Month. The Apostles henceforward began to preach the Gospel not only in the Ghaldaean or Greek Tongues which were used in Judaea and common to them but also in all other Languages throughout the World This very year Stephen was martyred and the Church of Jerusalem except the Apostles scattered 34. But that we according to our Custom may mix Prophane with Sacred History two very memorable things happen'd at Rome this same year and four years after Sejanus who had been in highest favour with Tiberius was accused by him in the Letters he wrote to the Senate there upon taken Prisoner and put to death And the Parthians who were at very ill Terms with Tiberius and the Romans growing weary of their King Arabanus came to Rome that they might get Tiberius to allow of Phraates to be their King But Phraates dying on his Journey he made Tyridates their King and him Vitellius Governor of Syria conducted to his Kingdom Then died Philip Herod's Son on whom Augustus conferred a Tetrarchy in Judaea 36. Paulus Tarsensis who was converted to the Faith in the Three and thirtieth Year of our Redemption began then to enter upon his Apostolical Function and three Years after his Conversion went up to Jerusalem to see Peter from thence to Casarea and from Casarea journeyed to Tarsus 37. Next year died Tiberius and was succeeded by Caius Caligula Germanicus's Son As soon as he came to the Empire he set Agrippa Herod's Grandson by Aristobulus at liberty and not only bestowed on him the Tetrarchies of Philip and Lysanias but also the Title of King This is that Agrippa whereof mention is made in the Acts of the Apostles Peter went the same year to Antioch where after the Revolution of three years the Disciples of Christ were called Christians Caligula after he had reigned four years and abounded in all Wickedness so far as to have a mind to be esteem'd a God and worshipped accordingly was at last cut off by Chaerea and other Conspirators 41. Claudius his Uncle succeeded him who was as remarkable for his Blockishness as the other was for his Madness Seneca writ an elegant Satyr upon him entituled 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 This Emperor also enlarged the Kingdom of Agrippa by adding Judaea and Samaria thereunto which made him go to Jerusalem and to please the People to persecute the Christians of whom he slew James the Apostle and threw Peter into Prison The Ancients have recorded That Peter went next year from Antioch to Rome to oppose Simon Magus But some Modern Writers in this and the last Age from some Difficulties in Chronology and other light Conjectures deny that Peter ever was at Rome and even what all Antiquity hath unanimously concurred in that he suffered Martyrdom there But it looks like an absurdity in a thing of that nature to contradict all Men because we cannot clear up some Difficulties that lie in the way Indeed it 's certain Peter never was at Rome in the space of four and twenty years together but that he never saw that City looks like a crime to deny Consult hereupon the First Dissertation of Dr. Pearson concerning the Succession of the First Bishops of Rome chap. vii viii There are no Remains left to shew whether at Rome or where else the Second Epistle of Peter was written Hugo Grotius Salmasius and Joseph Scaliger think it to be none of his The First is said to be written from Babylon and by Babylon the Ancients meant no other than Rome by reason of the Greatness of the Roman Empire in conformity to that of Babylon and whose Metropolis might therefore very well be dignified with the Name of the Metropolis of the Babylonish Empire 'T is true Peter makes no mention of Paul therein because he was not then at Rome The time when it was written cannot be assign'd See Lud. Cappellus in his Appendix to the Apostolical History where however he enclines to the contrary Opinion The same Author has
furnish'd us with an History of Paul's Travels and the time when he wrote each of his Epistles which Argument is also most accurately handled by Dr. Pearson in his Annales Paulini and Praelectiones in Acta 49. Claudius in the ninth year of his Reign turn'd the Jews out of Rome and the Christians also with them who were at that time confounded with and taken for the Jews whence Suetonius says that they Auctore Chresto tumultuantes growing tumultuous under Christ their Leader were expelled Rome Then it was as some will have it that Peter returned into Judaea and Aquila and Prisoilla came to Corinth as you have it Act. xviii The same year arose a Controversie at Antioch about the Jewish Ceremonies Whereupon the Apostles with the Church of Jerusalem make that Decree that is contained in the XVth Chapter of the Acts. Claudius at that time having slain his Wife Messalina who was an open Adulteress marry'd Agrippina the Daughter of his Brother Germanicus who by Domitius Ahenobarbus had a Son whose Name was Nero to whom this same Year he assigned L. Seneca now recalled from Banishment for his Tutor and being moved thereunto by the advice of his freed Man Pallaes disinherited his Son Britannicus whom Messalina bare him In the fourth year of Claudius's Reign died King Agrippa so that his Kingdom was put under the Government of Roman Magistrates who by innumerable Enormities so exasperated the minds of the Jews that they broke out at last into open War 54. Claudius being removed by Poison was succeeded by Nero whose very Name was enough to strike Horrour for his brutal savage Disposition and unheard-of Cruelties He slew his own Mother Brother Britanmicus Seneca his Tutor and other famous Men turn'd Stage-Player set Rome on fire and having cast the odium of the Crime upon the Christians cut off a great many of them by exquisite Torments In his time lived Perseus and Lucan the Poet as did Quintillian a little before who was a most excellent Rhetorician It was not long after that Juvenal flourish'd to whom we are to join Curtius the Historian though he publish'd his History in Vespasian's Reign 68. Peter and Paul are thought to have suffered Martyrdom at Rome in the fourteenth and last year of Nero's Reign 69. The Jewish War began a little before whereof Josephus who was engaged therein has writ an accurate History Vespasian Governor of Syria won many Victories over the Jews before he assumed the Empire into his Hands which he acquired the year after Nero's death when Galba Otho and Vitellius having slain one another had in vain endeavoured to secure themselves He then made his Son Titus Commander in Chief in the Jewish War who after a Siege of seven months took Jerusalem and razed it down to the Ground As there was scarce any other Nation that committed such flagitious Impieties and Evils as the Jews did in this War so was there scarce ever any that suffered so much A little after this was Onion or the Temple of the Jews in Egypt built by Onias the High-Priest levelled with the Ground upon a Tumult raised by the Jews in that Country Somewhat before these-times are supposed to be written the Two Epistles of those Apostolick Men viz. Barnabas which is Catholick or Universal and Clemens First Bishop of Rome to the Corinthians The Ancients differ very much whether Clemens or Liâ—â—â— or else Cletus was first fixed in the See of Rome Hereof you may consult Dr. Pearson and Henry Dodwell in his Dissertation concerning the Succession of the first Bishops of Rome At this time flourished Asconius Pedianus the famous Grammarian as did also Pliny Author of the Natural History 79. After Vespasian had for the space of ten years and six months governed the Empire he died and left Titus the best of Emperors to succeed him who complained That he lost a Day when he had not done some good Deed or other But he scarce attained to the third year of his Reign in which he was cut off by an untimely fate and left so much the more longing after him by how much his Brother Domitian that succeeded him proved a worse Prince than he This Man growing imperious both towards God and Man commanded himself to be stiled both God and Lord slew a great many of the Citizens and expelled Philosophers out of Rome for which Sulpitia writ the Satyr upon him which is still extant 81. But he who was thus outragious to Heathens proved much more so to the Christians in raising up the Second Persecution after Nero against them though it was of short duration of which you may read as well as of others in Dodwell's Dissertation entituled de Pancitate Martyrum 93. John the Apostle is said at that time to have been thrown into a Cauldron of hot Oil and to have come from thence safe and unhurt and to be afterwards banished to the Isle of Patmos Christianity began now to spread it self far and near so that Persons of highest Quality began to own and profess it of the number of whom was Flavius Clemens Consul and Domitian's Cousin German whom for that reason he commanded to be put to death About these times it 's generally believed that John writ the Apocalypse or Book of Revelation and Josephus himself bears witness that he was employed in writing his Book of Antiquities At the same time flourished Justus of Tiberias Josephus's Enemy who also wrote the Jewish History 96. Domitian after he had reigned for the space of fifteen years was slain by certain Persons that conspired against him and was succeeded in the Empire by Cocceius Nerva who rescinded all the other had done whence it came to pass that John had the opportunity of returning from the Isle of Patmos into Asia where the next year which was the Ninetieth of his Age he is said to have wrote his Gospel and to have lived two years longer 98. Nerva after he had reigned one year and some months had Vlpius Trajanus for his Successor who did great things for he conquered the Dacians Armenians Iberians Sarmatians Parthians and several other Barbarous Nations But the Persecution that was raised during his Reign against the Christians did not a little detract from that Princely Vertue of Clemency wherewith he was allowed to have been endowed However it was of no long continuance as appears by the 17th Epist Lib. 10. of Plinius Junior where he gives the Christians a great Character This is reckon'd for the Third Persecution wherein many did not die as Mr. Dodwell sets forth But yet it was under this Emperor that Clemens Bishop of Rome and Ignatius of Antioch suffered Martyrdom concerning whose Epistles that are remaining you may consult the most learned Doctors James Vsher and John Pearson 113. The Jews making an Insurrection in Cyrene and Egypt after having committed many Outrages were slain in vast numbers as well in the forementioned Places as in the Isle of Cyprus whither it was
and lest his Unkles might perhaps be preferred before him he commanded their Eyes to be pulled out and their Tongues cut off by which Fact of his he increased the hatred already so universally conceived against him 792. In these times lived George of Taras the next Man in Authority to the Patriarch of Constantinople who took in Africanus and Eusebius's Chronicle into his own As also John Mailros and Claud Clement both Scotchmen who moved Charles the Great to Found the University of Paris especially at Alcuin's Instigation 794. A little after this there were almost Three hundred Bishops besides several Abbots gathered out of Charles's Dominions who met at Frankford where after they had in the first place condemned some Spanish Bishops for adhering as they thought to Nestorius's Opinion They then took into their Consideration the Proceedings of the Second Council of Nice where Pope Adrian presided by his Legates and which he had Approved of and Decreed That Image-Worship was a wicked Practice and that the Approvers thereof were in the wrong and therefore that the Canons of the said Council were to be rejected though approved of by the Bishop of Rome While these things were in agitation in the West Constantine having divorced his Wife Mary at the Instigation of Irene his Mother who studied to render him odious to the People that she might obtain the Empire a Second time married another whose Name was Theodete whereat the Inhabitants of Constantinople were much offended 797. At length the Mother did so reconcile her self to the Nobility that two years after she took care to secure his Person and put out his Eyes which proved so grievous to him that he died within a few days after while Irene invaded the Administration of the Government It was not long after before she slew Nicephorus and Christophorus her Husband's Brothers and so the whole Race of Leo Isaurus became extinct Then she sent Embassadors to treat with Charles about a Peace whom he honourably received 800. Next year Charles went to Rome to decide the Pope's Case who being accused of many wicked Actions had been evilly entreated and upon his taking an Oath that he was innocent he spared him After which going on Christmas-Day into the Cathedral of St. Peter he was saluted by Leo and all the People of Rome with the Title of Augustus and Emperor of the West It 's said Irene took this very ill but afterwards when Charles treated with her about a Marriage between them he was acknowledged by her However the Marriage did not go on because that in the very nick of time when Charles's Embassadors came to Constantinople she was deposed by Nicephorus a Nobleman and sent close Prisoner to the Isle of Lesbos This Nicephorus reigned in the East almost nine years and Charles from the time that he was saluted Emperor ruled in the West fourteen for he died in the beginning of the Year 814 He was both a learned and very warlike Emperor insomuch that his Army was never beaten when he was present The XIIth EPOCH The Empire of Charles the Great AT length we are come to our Last EPOCH which is that of the Reign of the Emperor Charles the Great wherewith we close up the XIth Period of our History And we have no more to do now after we have heaped up so long a Catalogue of Errors and Impieties wherewith the History of Mankind hath been perpetually diversified but to declare That none appears to us to be a perfect Pattern either of Wisdom or Sanctity but our only Saviour JESUS CHRIST whom Almighty God his and the Father of us all has proposed to be the alone Exemplar of our Imitation in all things To whom be Glory and Praise Amen FINIS AN INDEX OF UNIVERSAL HISTORY A ABderamen the Arab King of Corduba Page 188 Abraham called out of Chaldea Page 10 Absimarus the Emperor Page 181 Abubecer Chaliph Page 186 The Achaian Republick Page 75 The Achaian War Page 86 The Aegyptian Dynasties Page 7 Aelius Verus the Emperor Page 107 Aemilian the Emperor Page 116 L. Aemilius Paulus Page 82 Aeneas his Travels Page 23 Aeolidae or Aeoles when named Page 24 Aeschylus the Poet Page 49 Aesop Author of the Fables Page 39 Agathocles Tyrant of Syracuse Page 70 Agesilaus King of Lacedaemon Page 60 63 Agnoetae Page 165 Agrippa M. Vipsanius and his Children Page 94 Agrippa Herod 's Grand-son Page 99 Agrippinus the Carthaginian Page 111 Aistulphus the Lombard 187. often beaten by Pepin Page 188 Alagabalus Page 111 Alaricus King of the Goths 147. takes Rome Page 148 Alboinus King of the Lombards Page 168 Alcaeus the Poet Page 37 Alcibiades General of the Athenians Page 58 Alcman the Poet Page 37 The Alcoran Page 173 Alcuin an Englishman Page 190 Alexander King of Epirus Page 68 Alexander the Macedonian born 64. fights at Chaeronaea 66. His Feats 67. dies at Babylon Page 68 Alexander King of the Jews Page 88 Alexander the Emperor Page 112 Alexander Bishop of Alexandria Page 125 Allia the Battel there Page 61 Altar of Victory Page 139 Amasis invades the Kingdom of Aegypt Page 39 Ambrose of Milan Page 139 Amphion King of Thebes Page 21 Anakims a Noble Family of Palaestine Page 12 Anacreon the Poet Page 44 Anastasius I. Emperor who lov'd the Peace of the Church Page 159 160 Anastasius II. Emperor Page 183 Anaxagoras the Philosopher Page 50 Anaxarchus the Philosopher Page 66 Anaximander the Philosopher Page 37 42 Anaximenes the Philosopher Page 41 Angel-Worship or Idolatry the Occasion of it Page 8 Anibal the Son of Amilcar wages War in Spain Page 76. passes into Italy 77. his Affairs decline 78. is overcome in Africa 79. flies to Antiochus 80. dies of Poison with King Prusias Page 81 Annibal the Brother of Giscon Page 59 Anthemius the Emperor Page 156 Antigonus Sirnamed Daturus Page 76 Antioch the Difference in the Church there Page 136 141 Antipater Praefect of Greece Page 69 Antipater the Edomite Page 92 Antioch a Council held there by the Arians Page 133 Antiochus Epiphanes Page 83 Antiochus Eupator Page 83 Antiochus Grypus Page 86 Antiochus the Great angry with the Jews 77. overcome by the Romans Page 80 Antoninus Pius Emperor Page 108 M. Antonius Triumvir Page 92 Apollinaris of Laodicea Page 341 Apries King of Aegypt slain Page 39 Aquila Ponticus Page 107 Aratus Praetor of Achaia Page 75 Arbaces gets the Medes their Liberty Page 28 Arcadius made Emperor 146. dies Page 148 Archagathus the Grandson of Agathocles of Syracuse Page 70 Archelaus the Tetrarch Page 95 Archias of Corinth Page 30 Archimedes of Syracuse Page 78 Armies how they were so Numerous in Ancient Times Page 27 Perpetual Archons of Athens 24. made every Ten Years 30. lastly Annual Page 34 Argonauts Ship whence called Page 21 Arian their Differences Page 127 Arians divided into Parties Page 141 Ariminium a Synod there Page 136 Aristides General of the Athenians at Platea Page 50 Aristides an Athenian
Philosopher and a Christian Page 107 Aristobulus High-Priest of the Jews Page 86 93 Aristodemus the Messenian Page 32 Aristomenes the Messenian Page 34 Aristophanes the Comick Poet Page 55 Aristotle the Stagyrite flourish'd under Philip and Alexander Kings of Macedon and was Praeceptor to the latter and Author of the Peripatetick Sect Page 69 Arius the Heretick Page 125 c. Arnobius Page 120 Arrianus the Philosopher Page 108 Arsaces first King of Parthia Page 77 Arses King of Persia Page 66 Artabanus slew Xerxes Page 52 Artaxerxes Longimanus is made Partaker of the Kingdom with his Father 50. Reigns alone 51. Makes a base Peace with the Greeks Page 55 Artaxerxes the Mindful King of Persia 59. overcomes his Brother Cyrus Page 60 Artaxerxes Ochus King of Persia 62. subdues the Cyprians and Phoenicians Page 65 Artemius the Emperor Page 184 Ascanius builds Asbalonga Page 23 Ascanius Pedianus Page 103 Asdrubal Brother of Annibal is slain Page 78 Asphaltidis the Original of that Lake Page 11 Assarhaddon invades Babylon Page 33 Assuerus Esther 's Husband who he was Page 40 Astyages the last King of the Medes Page 38 40 Athanasius chosen Bishop of Alexandria Condemned at Tyre 129. Recalled from Banishment 132. Condemned again in Asia Acquitted in Italy Returns to Alexandria ibid. Condemned in the West Page 135 Athenaeus the Grammarian Athenagoras Page 108 Athens taken by Lysander and betray'd by the Thirty Tyrants The Athenians begin a War with the Lacedaemonians and make a Truce 55. Win many Victories under Pericles 60. Begin the Peloponnesian War ib. M. Attilus Regulus Page 74 Attalus I. King of Pergamus 78. II. makes the Romans his Heirs Page 85 Attila King of the Huns Page 153 Atreus when he lived Page 21 Avares created a great deal of trouble to the Eastern Emperors Page 170 171 Aurelian the Emperor Page 118 M. Aurelius Anton. Emp. Page 108 Augustine converted from Manichaism 144. Made a Bishop Page 146 Augustulus Emperor Page 156 Augustus gets the Power The learned Men that flourished in his time Page 93 94 B BAbylon taken by Cyrus Page 42 Babylon taken by Darius Page 46 The Babylonian Tower Page 6 The Babylonian Kingdom whether it ended with Sardanapalus Page 28 Baladan the same as Nabonassar Page 31 Baltassar King of Babylon Page 39 Barac King of Israel Page 19 Barchocheba Page 107 Barnabas his Epistle Page 103 Basil of Caesarea Page 138 Bede Page 185 Belisarius Page 164 Belus the Assyrian Page 19 166 Boethius Page 163 167 Brennus the Gaul Page 73 Brunechildis a Wicked Woman Page 171 Brutus and Cassius conquer'd Page 92 Bulgarians troublesome to the Eastern Empire Page 179 Byrsa a Tower of Carthage from whence called Page 27 Byzantium Dedicated Page 130 C CAdmus when driven into Greece Page 14 Calcedon Synod Page 154 Caligula Emperor Page 99 Callinicus the Patriarch of Constantinople Page 180 Cambyses the Father of Cyrus Page 40 Cambyles Second King of Persia Page 44 Caracalla Emperor Page 113 Caranus the Heraclidan Page 29 Charles the Great 's Reign Page 195 Charles Martell 184. overcomes the Saracens Page 185 Carthaginians wage the First War with the Romans 73. the Second 76. the Third Page 84 Carthage when it was built and whence named Page 27 Carausius Page 120 Carinus Emperor Page 119 Carus Emperor Page 119 Cataline 's Conspiracy Page 89 Catullus the Poct ibid. Cecrops 's Age Page 13 Censors of Rome first created Page 56 Chabrias the Athenian Page 63 Chaerisophus the Lacedaemonian Page 60 Christ 's Nativity 95. His Death Page 98 Christians when so called Page 100 Chrysostom 144 147. Condemned ibid. Cicero Quaestor 89. Consul ibid. Proconsul of Cicily 90. His Death Page 92 Cimon Miltiades 's Son his Exploits Page 51 55 Claudius Emperor Page 100 101 Claudius M. Aurelius Emperor Page 118 Claudius Clemens Page 192 Clearchus the Lacedaemonian Page 60 Clement 's Epistle Page 103 105 Cleopatra Syrian Queen a wicked Woman Page 86 Clodius Albinus Emperor Page 109 Clodovaeus the French King Page 160 Codrus the Athenian King Page 24 Coelestius a Disciple of Pelagius Page 148 149 Colossus the Remains thereof at Rhodes Page 178 Columban an Irish-man Page 168 Commodus Emperor Page 109 Confucius the Socrates of the Serans when he lived Page 42 Conon an Athenian Page 60 Constans Caesar 131. slain Page 135 Constants the Son of Constantine Heraclius 's Grandson Emperor Page 177 Constantinople New Rome Page 130 Constantinopolitan Synod the Second Oecumenical one Page 143 Constantinopolitan Synod the Sixth Oecumenical one Page 179 Constantinus Chlorus 120. made Emperor Page 121 Constantine Emperor 121. His Conversion 124. His Decree in honour of the Bishops ibid. War with Licinius ibid. His Cruelty 129. His Death Page 131 Constantius the Son of Constantine Caesar Page 125 Constantius Heraclius 's Son Emperor Page 176 Constantinus Pogonatus Emperor Page 179 Constantine Copronymus Page 186 Constantine the Son of Leo III. Emperor Page 190 Constantius Caesar 131. His Death Page 137 Constantius Gallus Caesar Page 135 Consuls at Rome first Created Page 46 Crates the Cynick Page 70 Crispus Caesar 125. slain Page 129 M. Curtius throws himself into the Chasm Page 63 Q. Curtius the Historian Page 102 Chuschan King of Mesopotamia Page 18 Croesus the last King of the Lydians 40. is overcome by Cyrus Page 41 Cyaxares I. besieging Nineve to no purpose is overcome by the Scythians 36. Destroys them ibid. Cyaxares II. King of the Medes 40. makes Cyrus his Son in Law and his Heir Page 42 Cyprian the Martyr Page 116 117 Cypselus a Tyrant of Corinth Page 35 Cyril of Alexandria Page 151 Cyril of Jerusalem Page 144 Cyrus the First Persian King 42. His Death Page 44 Cyrus the Younger makes War upon his Brother Page 59 D. DAlmatius Caesar 131. slain Page 132 Damasus Bishop of Rome how created Page 139 Danaus King of the Argives Page 18 Daniel the Prophet Page 39 Darius the Son of Hystaspis King of Persia Page 45 Darius makes War upon the Scythians to no purpose His Death Page 47. Darius Medus who he was Page 43 Darius Codomannus King of Persia 66. is overcome by Alexander Page 63 Darius the Bastard King of Persia Page 58 David 's Reign Page 25 Deborah the Prophetess Page 20 P. Decius Mus devoted himself to Death Page 66 Decius Emperor Page 116 Dejoces first King of the Medes Page 28 34 Demetrius Phalereus 90. Poliorcetes ibid. Demates the Orator Page 69 Demaratus of Corinth goes into Banishment 35. His Son becomes King of the Romans Page 36 Demetrius Philip 's Son Page 81 Demetrius Soter Page 84 Democritus the Philosopher Page 47 Demosthenes the Orator Page 69 Desiderius Longobardus conquer'd by Charles the Great Page 190 Deucalion 's Flood 13. Whence the Name of Deucalion Page 14 Diacrinomenians or the Doubting Page 158 Diadumenianus Caesar Page 111 Dido what time she lived Page 27 Didymus of Alexandria Page 139 Deluge Vniversal what Year Page 6 Dio Cassius Page 114 Dioclesian the Emperor His Pride
Leocrates the Athenian Page 53 Leonidas King of the Lacedaemonians slain at Thermopylae Page 49 Leontius the Emperor Page 181 Leosthenes the Athenian Page 69 Leovigildus King of the Goths in Spain Page 169 M. Lepidus Triumvir Page 92 Libanus the Sophist Page 138 Liberius Bishop of Rome Page 135 Licinius the Emperor 123. His War with Constantine 125. Falls out again 126. Is slain ibid. Licinius Son of Licinius Caesar Page 125 Livius Andronicus the Poet Page 75 T. Livy Page 94 Lot's Wife whether she was turned into a Pillar of Salt Page 11 Lucan Page 102 Lucian of Samosata Page 108 Lucifer Calaritanus Page 137 Lucretius the Poet Page 89 L. Lucullus Page 88 Luitprand King of the Langobards Page 186 Lycortas Praetor of Achaia Page 81 Lycurgus and the Errors of his Polity Page 30 Lysias the Orator Page 55 M MAcchabees whence so called Page 83 Macedonian Kingdom when it began Page 23 Macedonius the Heretick Page 136 Macrinus the Emperor Page 111 Magnentius the Tyrant Page 135 Mahomet a False Prophet his Tenets and Beginning Page 172 173 Majorianus the Emperor Page 155 Man's Life formerly longer Page 5 Mamercus Aemilius Page 57 Manasseh King of Juda Page 34 Manasseh the Brother of Jaddua Page 67 Manes the Heretick 119. Manichaeans in Persia Page 162 L. Manlius Imperiosus Page 62 T. Manlius kills his Son with an Axe Page 66 Marathonian Battel Page 48 M. Marcellus takes Syracuse 78. is slain by Annibal ibid. Marcian the Emperor Page 154 155 Mardonius prospers in Thrace and Asia 48. is overcome at Marathon ibid. at Plataeae Page 50 Mariamne Herod 's Wife Page 92 93 Martina Augusta Page 176 Martinianus Caesar Page 126 Martin Bishop of Tours Page 140 Marseilles when it was built Page 42 Massinissa King of Numidia Page 79 Mattathias the Priest Page 83 Mavias a Saracen Page 177 Mauritus the Emperor Page 169 170 Maxentius the Emperor Page 122 Maximus the Emperor Page 114 Maximianus Armentarius Caesar Page 120 Maximianus Herculius Emperor 120. lays aside his Royal Dignities 121. attempts to take them up again Page 122 Maximius the Emperor Page 114 Maximus thrusts himself into the Empire 143. He is slain Page 144 Maximus of Tyre Page 108 Mecaenas C. Cilnius Page 94 Megabasus sent into Europe by Darius Page 47 Melchites who they were Page 157 Melissus the Philosopher Page 55 Melito of Sardis Page 108 Sp. Melius aspires to the Kingdom of Rome and is punished Page 56 Menander a Comick Poet Page 70 Menenius Agrippa reduces the Commonalty of Rome Page 48 Meroveus King of the Franks Page 154 Messenians Builders of Messana Page 34 Messenian First War 154 Second War ibid. Miltiades the Athenian Page 48 Minos it may be two of the Name Page 18 Minutius Felix Page 120 Misitheus Gordian 's Father in-Law Page 115 Mithridates and his War with the Romans Page 87 89 Monks commanded to Marry Page 189 Monothelites their Original Page 175 Montanus the Heretick Page 109 Moses his Birth 13. His Acts 15 16. His Laws His Death Page 17-18 L. Mummius of Achaia Page 85 Myronides the Athenian Page 53 N NAbis a Lacedaemonian Tyrant Page 79 Nabonassar Restorer of the Babylonian Empire Page 31 Nabonidus the last King of Babylon Page 41 Nebuchadonosor carries away the Jews captive 37. Besieges Tyre 38. His Death Page 39 Naevius the Poet Page 75 Necho King of Egypt Page 36 Nectanebos the Son of the King of Egypt revolts from his Father 63. Is overcome by the Persians Page 65 Nehemiah repairs the Walls of Jerusalem 52. Regulates their corrupt Manners Page 54 Nemaean Games instituted Page 39 Nemesianus the Poet Page 120 Nepos the Emperor Page 156 Nepotianus the Tyrant Page 135 Neriglissor Nebuchadonosor 's Son-in-Law Page 40 Nerva the Emperor Page 105 Nestorius Condemned Page 151 Nicene First Synod Page 127 Nicene Second Synod Page 191 Nicephorus Brother of Leo Armenius Page 191 Nicephorus Patricius the Emperor Page 194 Nicomedia by whom and when it was built Page 75 Nimrod 's Reign Page 6 Nineveh built 20. Repaired Page 31 Ninus when he lived and why he is thought to be the Founder of the Babylonian Empire Page 20 Noah 's Sons what Coasts they inhabited Page 6 Numa Pompilius King of the Romans Page 33 Numantia taken Page 85 Numerianus the Emperor Page 119 O OCtavius Caesar Triumvir 92. See Augustus Odonatus King of Palmyra Page 117 Odoacer King of the Heruli Page 159 Ogyges 's Reign and Flood Page 13 Olybrius the Emperor Page 156 Olympick Games restored by Iphitus Page 29 Olympian Conquerors when they began to be Crowned Page 31 Olympius the Poet Page 120 Omar a Chaliph Page 176 Origen 112. His Tetrapla Hexapla Octapla Page 113. His Opinions Page 114 Origen 's Opinion condemned after his Death Page 166 Otho the Emperor Page 103 Othoniel Judge of the Jews Page 18 Ovid 's Anachronism Page 46 P PAcuvius the Poet Page 75 84 Pagans Name whence risen Page 135 Palladius of Galata Page 146 Panathenaea when instituted Page 20 Papinian the Lawyer Page 111 Paris Academy Page 192 Parmendides the Philosopher Page 55 Parthenians Builders of Tarentum Page 32 Parthians seek a King of Tiberius Page 99 Parthian War whence risen 77. It s end Page 114 Passover Differences concerning its Celebration Page 110 Paul the Apostle Page 99 Paul the Deacon Page 102 Paul Ictus Page 112 Paul of Samosata the Heretick Page 118 Pausanias overcomes Mardonius at Plataea Page 50 Pelagius 's Opinion 148. Synods held against him Page 149 Pelagius who was descended of the Goths preserved the Country of Asturia and transmitted the Dominion thereof to his Posterity Page 185 186 Pelopidas a Theban Page 62 Peloponnesian War 56. The Occasion thereof Page 57 Pelops when he reigned Page 18 Pilgrimages for Religion's sake Page 152 Pericles the Athenian Page 55 Perillus 's fate a Black-smith Page 41 Perseus King of the Mycenians Page 21 Perseus the last King of the Macedonians Page 82 Perseus the Poet Page 102 Persian War begun Page 114 Pertinax the Emperor Page 109 Pescennius Niger the Emperor Page 109 Peter whether he has been at Rome 100 102. His other Epistle Page 101 Peter Fullo the Heretick Page 155 Phalantus a Parthenian Captian Page 32 Phalaris the Tyrant Page 41 Phantasiasticks Page 165 Pharamund Page 150 Phavorinus the Philosopher Page 107 Pherecydes the Syrian Page 42 Phylemo a Comick Poet Page 70 Philetaerus King of the Pergamenians Page 75 Philippicus the Emperor Page 183 Philip the Arab Emperor Page 115 Philip the Son of Amintas King of Macedon 46. is slain Page 66 Philip the last King of Macedon save one Page 78 81 Philip the Tetrarch Page 95 99 Philomelus the Author of the Holy War Page 64 Philopoemen Praetor of Achaia Page 81 Philostorgius whether to be believ'd or not Page 125 129 Phocas the Emperor Page 170 Phoemonoë deliver'd the first Oracle in Hexameter Verses Page 21 Phoenicians whence so called Page 12 Photinus the Heretick Page 133 135 Phraortes besieges
Nineveh to no purpose Page 35 Phul King of the Assyrians Page 30 Pindar the Poet Page 50 Pippin Son of Charles Martell King of France brought back Aistulphus into his Obedience Page 188 Placida Sister of Honorius 148. She is Dignified with the Title of Augusta Page 150 Plataean Battel Page 50 Plato the Philosopher Page 60 Pliny the Elder Page 103 Pliny the Younger Page 105 Plutarch the Philosopher Page 106 Polycarpus the Martyr Page 108 Polycrates a Tyrant of Samos Page 45 Cn. Pompey the Great his Acts 90. overcome by Caesar and slain by Ptolemy Page 91 Sex Pompey Son of Cn. Pompey Page 92 Pontius Pilate Page 97 Porsennus his War with the Romans Page 47 A. Posthumius Dictator Page 56 Priscian the Grammarian Page 163 Priscillian the Heretick Page 144 Probus the Emperor Page 119 Prodicus the Rhetorician Page 55 Propertius Page 94 Psammeticus King of Egypt Page 35 Psmamenitus King of Aegypt Page 44 Ptolemy the Son of Lagus Page 70 Ptolemy Philadelphus Page 71 Ptolemy Philopater a Hater of the Jews Page 77 Ptolemy the Mathematician Page 107 Pulcheria Augusta Page 154 Punick War 72. Second War 77 Pupienus the Emperor Page 115 Pygmalion 's Kingdom Page 27 Pyrrha whence so called Page 14 Pyrrhus King of the Epyrots Page 72 Pythagoras the Philosopher Page 46 Pythian Games instituted Page 38 Q QUadratus Page 107 T. Quinctius Cincinnatus triumphs over the Volscians and Antium 51. Overcomes ths Aequi Page 53 Quintilian Page 102 R RAchisius a Beneventan Captain Page 191 Ravenna 's Exarchate its Beginning 168. It s End ibid. Recharedus the Catholick Page 169 Rehoboam 's Reign Page 26 Roderick King of Spain Page 182 Rotharitus Langobardus Page 177 Romulus 's Reign 32. His Death Page 33 Ruffinus of Aquileia Page 139 Ruffinus a Seditious Captain Page 146 S SAbellus the Heretick Page 117 Saguntum Besieged Page 76 Salaminian Battel Page 49 Salmanassar King of Assyria Page 32 Samaritans sent from Assyria into Judea 32. use the ancient Characters of the Hebrews Page 54 Sanaballat a Samaritan Page 67 Sanchoniathon an Historian of Phoenicia Page 19 Seven Wise Men of Greece Page 37 Sappho the Poetress Page 38 Saracens when they began to flourish Page 177 Sardis a Synod held there Page 134 Saul 's Reign Page 24 P. Scipio Aemilianus Page 84 85 P. Scipio Africanus ended the Second Punick War 79. Condemned Page 81 L. Scipio Asiaticus Page 80 P. Scipio Nasica Page 79 Scipio Pompey 's Son-in-Law conquer'd in Africa Page 91 Scythians invade Asia Page 36 Sedekiah the last King of Judaea Page 37 Seleucian Synod Page 136 Seleucus Nicanor Page 68 Semiramis Queen of Babylon Page 20 Sennacherib King of Assyria Page 33 Sextus of Chaeronea Page 108 Seventy Greek Interpreters of Moses 's Law Page 71 Q. Sertorius 's Acts Page 88 Servius Tullius 's Reign Page 39 Servile War Page 89 Servilius Isauricus Page 88 Sesostris King of Egypt what time he lived 26. Subdues Asia ibid. Seth when born Page 4 Severus L. Septimus the Emperor Page 109 Severus Caesar Page 121 Severus the Emperor Page 154 Severus the Theopaschite Page 161 Sextus the Empirick Page 106 Sicyons Kingdom 8. comes to a period Page 23 Sidon burnt Page 65 Simon the Maccabee Page 85 Simonides the Poet Page 44 Sirmium Synod Page 135 Smerdis Magus Page 44 Socrates Chief of the Philosophers 55. His Death 60. His Disciples ibid. Sodom destroyed Page 11 Sogdianus King of Persia Page 57 Solomon's Kingdom Page 26 Solon when born 35. Corrects the Laws of Draco Page 38 Sophocles the Tragoedian Page 51 Spanish War Page 84 85 Spartachus General of the Servii Page 89 Stesichorus the Poet Page 41 Stephen the Protomartyr Page 98 Stephen Bishop of Rome Page 117 Stephen the Pope flies to King Pepin to no purpose Page 187 Stilicho one of Honorius 's Captains Page 146 147 148 Strabo Page 94 Suetonius Page 106 L. Sulla his Exploits Page 88 Sulpitius Severus Page 140 Syloson a Tyrant of Samos Page 46 Symmachus Page 139 Symmachus Bishop of Rome when Created Page 160 Syphax King of Numidia Page 79 Syrian Kings most Potent in the times of the Kings of Israel Page 26 28 Syracuse built Page 30 T TAchos King of Egypt Page 63 Tacitus the Historian Page 105 Tacitus the Emperor Page 119 Tarichus the Arabian Invades Spain Page 182 Tarquinius Priscus 's Reign Page 36 Tarquinius Superbus King of the Romans 44. is Banish'd Rome Page 46 Tatius Reigns with Romulus Page 32 Temple of Jerusalem built 25. Dedicated Page 83 Tertullian Page 110 Teuta Queen of the Illyrians Page 76 Theban War twice begun Page 21 Themistius Page 138 Themistocles Conquers Xerxes 49. Is Banished Flies to Artaxerxes Page 52 Theodoricus I. King of the Goths Page 155 Theodoricus II. King of the Goths 159. a Disciple of Arius Page 163 Theodosian Code Page 152 Theodosius the Elder Emperor 140. His Repentance 145. His Death Page 156 Theodosius the Younger Emperor 148. His Death Page 154 Theodosius a Syrian made Emperor Page 183 Theodotion Ponticus Page 109 Theognis the Poet Page 41 Theophilus of Alexandria Page 147 Theophilus of Antioch Page 108 Theophrastus the Peripatetick Page 70 Theron of Agrigentum the Tyrant Page 50 Theseus when he lived Page 21 Thrasibulus Tyrant of Syracuse Expell'd Page 51 Thucydides the Historian Page 56 Thyestes when he lived Page 21 Tiberius obtains the Empire Page 97 Tiberius Anicius the Emperor Page 168 Tibullus Page 94 Timaeus 's jocular Expression concerning the Birth of Alexander Page 64 Timoleon 's Acts at Corinth Page 65 Timotheus Aelurus Page 155 Titus Vespasian the Emperor Page 104 Tolmides the Athenian Page 55 Trajan the Emperor Page 105 Trebonianus the Emperor Page 116 Three Factions Page 166 Tribonianus the Lawyer Page 164 Tribunes of the Roman People instituted Page 48 Thirty Tyrants of the Roman Empire Page 117 Triumvir's Proscriptions Page 62 Troy when its Kingdom began Page 18 Trojan War the occasion thereof Page 22 Tullus Hostilius 's Reign Page 34 Turks call'd in by Heraclius to his Assistance Page 175 Type an Edict of Constans the Emperor Page 177 Tyrus Old When it was Built 20. Destroyed and Re-built Page 38 Twelve Tables containing the Roman Laws Page 53 V VAlens the Emperor 138. His Death Page 140 Valentinian the Elder Emperor Page 138 Valentinian the Younger slain 145. His Laws Page 144 145 Valentinian the Son of Placidia Augusta 150. His Death Page 154 Valerian the Emperor Page 116 117 Valerian Caesar Page 117 M. Valerius Poplicola Page 46 Vallias King of the Goths Page 149 Vandals they possess themselves of Africa Page 153 M. Varro Page 89 Veij is Besieged Page 59 Venetians their Original Page 154 Vespasian the Emperor Page 104 Vetranio the Tyrant Page 135 Vincentius Lirinensis Page 152 Virgil Page 94 Viriathus Lusitanus Page 84 Vitalianus the Count Page 161 Vitellius the Emperor Page 103 Vitruvius Page 94 Ulpian the Lawyer Page 112 Volusianus the Emperor Page 116 W WAlidus King of Arabia sends an Army into Spain Ransacks Natolia Page 182. 186 Western Empire put to an end Page 157 Willibrordus Bishop of Utrecht Page 185 X XEnophanes the Philosopher Page 44 Xenophon the Socratick Page 60 Xerxes I. King of Persia 49. Conquer'd by the Greeks ibid. Is slain by Artabanus Page 52 Xerxes II. King of Persia Page 57 Y YEar amended by Julius Caesar Page 91 Years in ancient Times were not Monthly Page 5 Z ZEno the Emperor Page 157 Zeno the Philosopher Page 55 Zenobia Queen of Palmyra Page 118 Zorobabel Leader of the Jews brought back out of Captivity Page 43 Zosimus a Roman Bishop Page 150 THE END BOOKS Printed for M. Gillyflower J. Tonson W. Freeman J. Walthoe and R. Parker A New Voyage to Italy with Curious Observations on several other Countries as Germany Switzerland Savoy Geneva Flanders and Holland Together with useful Instructions for those who shall Travel thither Done out of French The Second Edition Enlarg'd above one Third and enrich'd with several new Figures By Maximilian Misson Gent. In Two Volumes A Compleat Body of Chyrurgical Operations containing the whole Practice of Surgery with Observations and Remarks on each Cases amongst which are inserted the several ways of Delivering Women in Natural and Unnatural Labours The whole illustrated with Copper Plates explaining the several Bandages Sutures and divers useful Instruments By M. de la Vauguion M. D. and Intendant of the Royal Hospitals about Paris Faithfully done into English The Roman History from the Building of the City to the perfect Settlement of the Empire by Augustus Caesar containing the space of 727 Years and from the Settlement of the Empire by Augustus Caesar to the Removal of the Imperial Seat by Constantine the Great containing the space of 355 Years Designed as well for the understanding of Roman Authors as the Roman Affairs Carefully Revised and Corrected In Two Volumes Octavo By Lawrence Echard A. M. late of Christ's College in Cambridge Prebendary of Lincoln and Chaplain to the Right Reverend James Lord Bishop of that Diocess