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the_o reason_n and_o person_n of_o all_o their_o subject_n but_o to_o make_v the_o great_a impression_n after_o have_v gradual_o descend_v from_o the_o wise_a conduct_n of_o the_o whole_a empire_n to_o the_o perfection_n of_o the_o understanding_n he_o reascend_v by_o the_o same_o degree_n from_o the_o illuminate_v understanding_n to_o the_o happy_a state_n of_o the_o whole_a empire_n if_o say_v he_o the_o understanding_n of_o a_o prince_n be_v well_o enlighten_v his_o will_n will_v incline_v only_o to_o good_a his_o will_n incline_v only_o to_o good_a his_o soul_n will_v be_v entire_o rectify_v there_o will_v not_o be_v any_o passion_n that_o can_v make_v he_o destroy_v his_o rectitude_n the_o soul_n be_v thus_o rectify_v he_o will_v be_v compose_v in_o his_o exterior_a nothing_o will_v be_v observe_v in_o his_o person_n that_o can_v offend_v complaisance_n his_o person_n be_v thus_o perfect_v his_o family_n form_v itself_o according_a to_o this_o model_n will_v be_v reform_v and_o 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and_o reform_v a_o people_n behold_v what_o be_v most_o important_a in_o confucius_n doctrine_n contain_v in_o the_o first_o book_n and_o which_o be_v the_o text_n as_o i_o may_v say_v whereon_o his_o commentator_n cemçu_fw-fr have_v take_v pain_n this_o famous_a disciple_n to_o explain_v and_o enlarge_v his_o master_n instruction_n allege_v authority_n and_o example_n which_o he_o draw_v from_o three_o very_a ancient_a book_n high_o esteem_v by_o the_o chinese_n the_o first_o book_n he_o mention_n which_o be_v of_o a_o late_a date_n than_o the_o rest_n be_v entitle_v camcao_n and_o make_v up_o a_o part_n of_o the_o chronicle_n of_o the_o empire_n of_o cheu_n this_o book_n be_v compose_v by_o a_o prince_n call_v vuvam_n the_o son_n of_o king_n venvam_n vuvam_fw-la do_v therein_o high_o extol_v his_o father_n but_o his_o principal_a design_n in_o magnify_v the_o virtue_n and_o admirable_a quality_n of_o this_o prince_n be_v to_o form_v according_a to_o this_o model_n one_o of_o his_o
not_o be_v so_o private_o manage_v but_o one_o of_o limcum_n son_n by_o his_o â—irst_n wife_n come_v to_o the_o knowledge_n of_o it_o this_o young_a prince_n jealous_a of_o his_o father_n honour_n so_o high_o resent_v it_o that_o he_o design_v to_o kill_v the_o queen_n which_o he_o conceal_v not_o the_o cunning_a and_o guilty_a princess_n who_o see_v herself_o detect_v and_o who_o have_v a_o great_a influence_n over_o her_o ancient_a spouse_n allege_v such_o plausible_a reason_n to_o make_v he_o believe_v her_o innocency_n that_o this_o poor_a prince_n shut_v his_o eye_n against_o the_o truth_n banish_v his_o son_n but_o as_o child_n be_v not_o culpable_a for_o their_o father_n crime_n he_o keep_v i_o with_o he_o he_o be_v the_o son_n of_o this_o disgrace_a prince_n limcum_fw-la die_v soon_o after_o the_o people_n recall_v the_o prince_n who_o the_o queen_n debauchery_n have_v banish_v and_o he_o go_v to_o receive_v the_o crown_n but_o his_o vicious_a son_n oppose_v he_o allege_v that_o his_o father_n be_v a_o parricide_n he_o raise_v army_n against_o he_o and_o be_v proclaim_v king_n by_o the_o people_n the_o son_n of_o a_o king_n of_o cucho_n continue_v he_o follow_v not_o this_o way_n behold_v a_o memorable_a example_n this_o king_n who_o history_n we_o shall_v relate_v in_o two_o word_n have_v three_o son_n and_o as_o father_n have_v sometime_o more_o tenderness_n for_o their_o young_a child_n than_o for_o the_o rest_n he_o have_v so_o much_o for_o the_o last_o which_o heaven_n have_v give_v he_o that_o some_o day_n before_o his_o death_n he_o appoint_v he_o for_o his_o successor_n to_o thâ—_n exclusion_n of_o his_o other_o brother_n this_o procedure_n be_v so_o much_o the_o more_o extraordinary_a as_o it_o be_v contrary_a to_o the_o law_n of_o the_o land_n the_o people_n think_v after_o the_o king_n death_n that_o they_o may_v endeavour_v without_o any_o crime_n to_o advance_v the_o elder_a of_o the_o royal_a family_n on_o the_o throne_n this_o be_v execute_v as_o the_o people_n have_v project_v it_o and_o this_o action_n be_v general_o approve_v there_o waâ—_n none_o but_o the_o new_a king_n who_o remember_v his_o father_n die_a word_n refuse_v to_o consent_n this_o generous_a prince_n take_v the_o crowâ—_n that_o be_v present_v he_o put_v it_o on_o his_o young_a brother_n head_n and_o noble_o declare_v that_o he_o renounce_v it_o and_o think_v himself_o unworthy_a of_o it_o see_v that_o he_o have_v be_v exclude_v by_o his_o father_n will_n and_o thaâ—_n his_o father_n can_v not_o retract_v what_o hâ—_n have_v do_v the_o brother_n touch_v with_o such_o a_o heroic_a action_n conjure_v he_o the_o same_o moment_n not_o to_o oppose_v the_o inclination_n of_o all_o the_o people_n who_o desire_v he_o to_o reign_v over_o they_o he_o allege_v that_o it_o be_v he_o alone_o that_o be_v the_o lawful_a successor_n to_o the_o crown_n which_o he_o contemn_v that_o their_o father_n can_v not_o violate_v the_o law_n of_o the_o state_n that_o this_o prince_n be_v overtake_v with_o a_o too_o great_a fondness_n and_o that_o in_o a_o word_n it_o in_o some_o measure_n belong_v to_o the_o people_n to_o redress_v the_o law_n of_o their_o king_n when_o they_o be_v not_o just_a but_o nothing_o can_v persuade_v he_o to_o act_v contrary_a to_o his_o father_n will._n between_o these_o two_o prince_n there_o be_v a_o laudable_a contestation_n neither_o will_v accept_v the_o crown_n and_o they_o see_v that_o this_o contest_v will_v continue_v a_o long_a time_n withdraw_v from_o the_o court_n and_o vanquish_v and_o victorious_a together_o they_o go_v to_o end_v their_o day_n in_o the_o repose_n of_o a_o solitude_n and_o leave_v the_o kingdom_n to_o their_o brother_n these_o prince_n add_v he_o seek_v after_o virtue_n but_o they_o seek_v iâ—_n not_o in_o vain_a for_o they_o find_v it_o he_o frequent_o relate_v short_a history_n of_o this_o nature_n wherein_o a_o heroic_a generosity_n be_v every_o where_o see_v to_o discover_v itself_o the_o woman_n among_o the_o people_n and_o even_o great_a princess_n be_v therein_o observe_v rather_o to_o châ—sâ—_n death_n and_o â—hat_n with_o their_o own_o hand_n than_o to_o be_v expose_v to_o the_o violence_n of_o their_o ravisher_n the_o magistrate_n be_v there_o see_v to_o quit_v the_o great_a employ_v to_o avoid_v the_o disorder_n of_o thâ—_n court_n philosopher_n to_o censure_n king_n upon_o their_o throne_n and_o prince_n who_o makâ—_n no_o difficulty_n to_o die_v to_o appease_v the_o anger_n of_o heaven_n and_o procure_v peacâ—_n to_o their_o people_n after_o this_o confucius_n show_v how_o thâ—_n dâ—ad_v aught_o to_o be_v bury_v and_o as_o this_o be_v perform_v in_o his_o time_n with_o a_o greaâ—_n deal_v of_o magnificence_n so_o in_o funeral_z pomp_n he_o blame_v whatever_o seem_v like_o ostentation_n and_o reprove_v it_o after_o a_o severe_a manner_n indeed_o one_o of_o his_o disciple_n be_v dead_a and_o this_o disciple_n be_v bury_v with_o the_o usual_a magnificence_n he_o cry_v out_o when_o he_o know_v it_o when_o my_o disciple_n be_v alive_a he_o respect_v i_o as_o his_o father_n and_o i_o look_v upon_o he_o as_o my_o son_n but_o can_v i_o now_o behold_v he_o as_o my_o son_n since_o he_o have_v be_v bury_v like_o other_o man_n he_o prohibit_v the_o bewail_v the_o dead_a with_o excess_n and_o if_o constrain_v by_o his_o own_o grief_n he_o shed_v tear_n for_o this_o very_a disciple_n he_o confess_v he_o forget_v himself_o that_o in_o truth_n great_a grief_n have_v no_o bound_n but_o that_o the_o wiseman_n ought_v not_o to_o be_v overcome_v with_o grief_n that_o it_o be_v a_o weakness_n it_o be_v a_o crime_n in_o he_o he_o give_v great_a praise_n to_o some_o of_o his_o disciple_n who_o in_o the_o midst_n of_o the_o great_a poverty_n be_v content_a with_o their_o condition_n and_o account_v as_o great_a riches_n the_o natural_a virtue_n they_o have_v receive_v from_o heaven_n he_o declaim_v against_o pride_n self-love_n indiscretion_n and_o against_o the_o ridiculous_a vanity_n of_o those_o that_o affect_v to_o be_v master_n every_o where_o against_o those_o self-conceited_n man_n who_o momentary_o cite_v their_o own_o action_n and_o against_o great_a talker_n and_o draw_v afterward_o the_o portraiture_n of_o the_o wiseman_n in_o opposition_n to_o what_o he_o have_v discourse_v he_o say_v that_o humility_n modesty_n gravity_n and_o neighbourly_a affection_n be_v virtue_n which_o he_o can_v one_o moment_n neglect_n without_o depart_v from_o his_o character_n he_o say_v that_o a_o good_a man_n never_o afflict_v himself_o and_o fear_v nothing_o that_o he_o contemn_v injury_n credit_n not_o reproach_n and_o refuse_v even_o to_o â—ear_v report_n he_o maintain_v that_o punishment_n arâ—_n too_o common_a that_o if_o the_o magistrate_n be_v good_a man_n the_o wicked_a will_v conform_v their_o life_n to_o they_o and_o that_o if_o prince_n will_v only_o advance_v to_o dignity_n person_n distinguish_v by_o their_o honesty_n and_o exemplary_a life_n every_o one_o will_v apply_v himself_o unto_o virtue_n because_o that_o grandeur_n be_v that_o which_o all_o man_n natural_o desire_v every_o one_o willing_a to_o possess_v it_o will_v endeavour_v to_o render_v himself_o worthy_a thereof_o he_o will_v have_v we_o avoid_v idleness_n to_o be_v serious_a and_o not_o precipitate_v in_o our_o answer_n and_o that_o set_v ourselves_o above_o every_o thing_n we_o shall_v never_o be_v trouble_v either_o that_o we_o be_v contemn_v or_o not_o know_v in_o the_o world_n he_o compare_v hypocrite_n to_o those_o lewd_a villain_n who_o the_o better_a to_o conceal_v their_o design_n from_o the_o eye_n of_o man_n do_v appear_v wise_a and_o modest_a in_o the_o day_n timâ—_n and_o who_o by_o the_o favour_n of_o the_o night_n do_v rob_v house_n and_o commit_v the_o most_o infamous_a robbery_n he_o say_v that_o those_o that_o make_v their_o belly_n their_o god_n never_o do_v any_o thing_n worthy_a of_o a_o man_n that_o they_o be_v rather_o brute_n than_o rational_a creaturesâ—_n and_o return_v to_o the_o conduct_n of_o the_o great_a one_o he_o very_o well_o remark_n that_o their_o crime_n be_v always_o great_a than_o the_o crime_n of_o other_o men._n zam_n the_o last_o emperor_n of_o the_o family_n of_o cheu_n say_v confucius_n on_o this_o occasion_n have_v a_o very_a irregular_a conduct_n but_o how_o irregular_a soever_o his_o conduct_n be_v the_o disorder_n of_o this_o emperor_n be_v only_o the_o disorder_n of_o his_o age._n nevertheless_o when_o any_o debauch_v criminal_a and_o infamous_a action_n be_v mention_v they_o say_v it_o be_v the_o crime_n of_o zam_n the_o reason_n whereof_o be_v this_o zam_n be_v wicked_a and_o a_o emperor_n confucius_n relate_v a_o infinite_a number_n of_o other_o thing_n of_o this_o nature_n which_o concern_v the_o conduct_n of_o all_o sort_n of_o man_n but_o most_o of_o the_o thing_n that_o he_o say_v
we_o will_v give_v you_o it_o be_v a_o ancient_a custom_n among_o the_o chinese_n to_o place_v sick_a person_n bed_n on_o the_o north-side_n but_o because_o that_o this_o situation_n be_v the_o situation_n of_o the_o king_n bed_n when_o a_o king_n visit_v a_o sick_a person_n the_o bed_n be_v remove_v to_o the_o southside_n and_o it_o be_v a_o crime_n not_o to_o do_v it_o confucius_n have_v some_o disciple_n that_o in_o their_o sickness_n render_v he_o such_o a_o homage_n we_o must_v not_o here_o forget_v one_o very_o remarkable_a thing_n which_o the_o chineses_n relate_v they_o report_v that_o confucius_n be_v use_v continual_o to_o say_v that_o the_o holy_a man_n be_v in_o the_o west_n whatever_o his_o thought_n be_v it_o be_v certain_a that_o sixty_o and_o five_o year_n after_o christ_n birth_n the_o emperor_n mimti_n excite_v by_o the_o philosopher_n word_n and_o much_o more_o as_o it_o be_v say_v by_o the_o image_n of_o the_o holy_a hero_n that_o appear_v to_o he_o in_o a_o dream_n send_v two_o ambassador_n into_o the_o west_n there_o to_o find_v out_o the_o saint_n and_o holy_a law_n but_o these_o ambassador_n land_v at_o a_o certain_a island_n not_o far_o from_o the_o red-sea_n and_o not_o dare_v to_o venture_v far_o they_o advise_v about_o take_v a_o certain_a idol_n they_o find_v there_o which_o be_v the_o statue_n of_o a_o philosopher_n call_v foe_n kiao_n that_o have_v appear_v in_o the_o indies_n about_o five_o hundred_o year_n before_o confucius_n and_o bring_v into_o china_n fohi_n idol_n with_o the_o doctrine_n which_o he_o have_v teach_v happy_a have_v be_v their_o embassy_n if_o instead_o of_o this_o doctrine_n they_o have_v return_v into_o their_o own_o country_n with_o the_o save_a doctrine_n of_o jesus_n christ_n which_o st._n thomas_n then_o preach_v in_o the_o indies_n but_o this_o divine_a light_n have_v not_o as_o yet_o reach_v thither_o from_o this_o unhappy_a time_n the_o generality_n of_o the_o chineses_n have_v follow_v after_o idol_n and_o superstition_n and_o idolatry_n daily_o make_v new_a progress_n they_o by_o little_a and_o little_o forsake_v the_o doctrine_n of_o their_o master_n have_v neglect_v the_o excellent_a instruction_n of_o the_o ancient_n and_o in_o fine_a be_v grow_v contemner_n of_o all_o sort_n of_o religion_n they_o be_v fall_v headlong_o into_o atheism_n they_o can_v not_o indeed_o do_v otherwise_o in_o follow_v â—he_v execrable_a doctrine_n of_o that_o impostor_n fohi_n who_o teach_v that_o the_o principle_n and_o end_n of_o all_o thing_n be_v nothing_o to_o return_v to_o conâ—ucius_n who_o doctrine_n be_v so_o repugnant_a to_o that_o of_o fohi_n and_o his_o follower_n this_o illustrious_a philosopher_n who_o be_v so_o necessary_a and_o helpful_a to_o his_o country_n die_v in_o the_o 73_o year_n of_o his_o age_n a_o little_a before_o the_o sickness_n which_o snatch_v he_o from_o the_o câ—ineses_n he_o with_o great_a bitterness_n of_o spirit_n lament_v the_o disorder_n of_o his_o time_n and_o express_v his_o thought_n and_o grief_n by_o a_o verse_n which_o may_v be_v thus_o translate_v o_o great_a mountain_n he_o mean_v his_o doctrine_n o_o great_a mountain_n what_o be_v thou_o become_v this_o important_a machine_n be_v subvert_v alas_o there_o be_v no_o more_o wise-man_n no_o more_o saint_n this_o reflection_n so_o grievous_o afflict_v he_o that_o he_o present_o languish_v and_o seven_o day_n before_o his_o death_n turn_v towards_o his_o disciple_n after_o have_v testify_v his_o regret_n and_o trouble_n to_o see_v that_o king_n who_o good_a conduct_n be_v so_o necessary_a and_o of_o such_o great_a importance_n will_v not_o observe_v his_o maxim_n and_o instruction_n he_o dolourous_o subjoin_v see_v that_o thing_n go_v thus_o nothing_o more_o remain_v than_o to_o die_v he_o have_v no_o sooner_o utter_v these_o word_n but_o he_o fall_v into_o a_o lethargy_n which_o end_v with_o his_o death_n confucius_n be_v bury_v in_o his_o own_o country_n in_o the_o kingdom_n of_o lu._n whither_o he_o be_v retire_v with_o his_o dear_a disciple_n for_o his_o sepulchre_n they_o choose_v a_o place_n near_o the_o city_n of_o kâ—oseu_n on_o the_o bank_n of_o the_o river_n su_n in_o that_o very_a academy_n where_o he_o use_v to_o teach_v and_o which_o be_v at_o present_a see_v environ_v with_o wall_n like_o a_o considerable_a city_n it_o be_v not_o possible_a to_o express_v the_o affliction_n which_o the_o death_n of_o this_o philosopher_n cause_v to_o his_o disciple_n they_o bitter_o bewail_v he_o they_o put_v on_o mourn_a weed_n and_o be_v under_o such_o great_a anguish_n that_o they_o neglect_v the_o care_n of_o their_o nourishment_n and_o their_o life_n never_o be_v a_o good_a father_n more_o regret_v by_o dutiful_a and_o well-bred_a child_n than_o confucius_n be_v by_o his_o disciple_n they_o be_v all_o in_o mourn_v and_o tear_n a_o whole_a year_n some_o three_o year_n and_o there_o be_v one_o who_o be_v more_o true_o sensible_a than_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o loss_n they_o have_v undergo_v stir_v not_o for_o six_o year_n from_o the_o place_n where_o his_o master_n have_v be_v bury_v in_o all_o the_o city_n there_o be_v see_v magnificent_a college_n which_o be_v build_v in_o honour_n of_o confucius_n with_o these_o and_o other_o such_o like_a inscription_n write_v in_o character_n of_o gold_n to_o the_o great_a master_n to_o the_o illustrious_a king_n of_o the_o learned_a to_o the_o saint_n or_o which_o be_v the_o same_o thing_n among_o the_o chinese_n to_o he_o that_o be_v endow_v with_o a_o extraordinary_a wisdom_n and_o although_o it_o be_v two_o thousand_o year_n since_o this_o philosopher_n decease_n they_o have_v so_o great_a a_o veneration_n foâ—_n his_o memory_n that_o the_o magistrate_n never_o pass_v by_o these_o college_n without_o stop_v their_o stately_a palankins_n wherein_o they_o be_v carry_v for_o distinction_n sake_n they_o alight_v and_o after_o some_o few_o moment_n prostration_n do_v march_v a_o little_a way_n on_o foot_n there_o be_v even_a emperor_n and_o king_n who_o disdain_v not_o sometime_o to_o visit_v these_o edifice_n where_o the_o title_n of_o this_o philosopher_n be_v engrave_v and_o to_o perform_v it_o after_o a_o glorious_a manner_n behold_v the_o exceed_o remarkable_a word_n of_o the_o emperor_n yumlo_n who_o be_v the_o three_o emperor_n of_o the_o precede_a family_n call_v mim_n he_o pronounce_v they_o onâ—_n day_n when_o he_o be_v dispose_v to_o go_v to_o one_o of_o these_o college_n already_o mention_v i_o adore_v the_o master_n of_o king_n and_o emperor_n emperor_n and_o king_n be_v lord_n and_o master_n of_o their_o people_n but_o confucius_n have_v propose_v the_o true_a mâ—thods_n of_o govern_v these_o very_a people_n and_o of_o instruct_v the_o age_n to_o come_v it_o be_v therefore_o convenient_a that_o i_o go_v to_o the_o great_a college_n and_o there_o offer_v some_o present_n to_o this_o great_a master_n who_o be_v no_o more_o to_o the_o end_n that_o i_o may_v show_v how_o much_o i_o honour_v the_o learned_a and_o how_o great_o i_o esteem_v their_o doctrine_n these_o extraordinary_a mark_n of_o veneration_n do_v intimate_v that_o the_o virtue_n and_o merit_n of_o this_o philosopher_n have_v be_v extraordinary_a and_o certain_o this_o excellent_a man_n be_v also_o endow_v with_o admirable_a qualification_n he_o have_v a_o aspect_n both_o grave_n and_o modest_a he_o be_v faithful_a â—ust_z cheerful_a civil_a courteous_a affable_a and_o a_o certain_a serenity_n which_o appear_v in_o his_o countenance_n gain_v he_o the_o heart_n and_o respect_n of_o all_o those_o that_o behold_v he_o he_o speak_v little_a and_o meditate_a much_o he_o eager_o pursue_v his_o sâ—udy_n without_o tire_v his_o spirit_n he_o contemn_v riches_n and_o honour_n when_o they_o be_v obstacle_n to_o his_o design_n his_o whole_a delight_n be_v in_o teach_v and_o make_v his_o doctrine_n savoury_a to_o many_o he_o be_v severe_a to_o himself_o than_o other_o he_o have_v a_o continual_a circumspection_n over_o himself_o and_o be_v a_o rigid_a censurer_n of_o his_o own_o conduct_n he_o blame_v himself_o for_o not_o be_v assiduous_a enough_o in_o instruct_v for_o not_o show_v vigilance_n enough_o in_o correct_v his_o own_o fault_n and_o for_o not_o exercise_v himself_o as_o he_o ought_v in_o the_o practice_n of_o virtue_n in_o fine_a he_o have_v one_o virtue_n rare_o find_v in_o great_a man_n viz._n humility_n for_o he_o not_o only_o speak_v with_o a_o extreme_a modesty_n of_o himself_o and_o what_o concern_v he_o but_o he_o with_o a_o singular_a sincerity_n declare_v to_o the_o whole_a world_n that_o he_o cease_v not_o to_o learn_v and_o that_o the_o doctrine_n he_o teach_v be_v not_o his_o own_o but_o the_o doctrine_n of_o the_o ancient_n but_o his_o book_n be_v his_o true_a pourtraicture_n which_o in_o this_o place_n we_o proceed_v to_o expose_v to_o view_v the_o second_o part._n a_o collection_n out_o of_o
brethrenâ—_n who_o he_o will_v perfect_v in_o virtue_n and_o it_o be_v observable_a that_o he_o ordinary_o tell_v he_o that_o their_o father_n have_v the_o art_n of_o be_v virtuous_a venuâ—m_o say_v he_o to_o he_o have_v the_o art_n of_o polish_n his_o reason_n and_o his_o person_n the_o second_o book_n from_o whence_o cemçu_fw-fr cite_v his_o authority_n and_o example_n be_v call_v tar-kia_a this_o book_n which_o be_v a_o great_a deal_n ancient_a than_o the_o first_o be_v write_v by_o a_o famous_a emperor_n of_o xam_n name_v y-yin_a it_o be_v therein_o read_v that_o this_o y-yin_a see_v tar-kia_a the_o grandson_n of_o the_o emperor_n chimtam_a degenerate_a from_o the_o virtue_n of_o his_o illustrious_a ancestor_n and_o carry_v himself_o after_o a_o manner_n whole_o different_a from_o they_o he_o command_v he_o to_o live_v three_o year_n in_o a_o garden_n where_o be_v his_o grandfather_n tomb_n that_o this_o make_v so_o great_a a_o impression_n upon_o his_o spirit_n that_o he_o change_v his_o course_n and_o that_o the_o same_o y-yin_a who_o have_v do_v he_o so_o kind_a a_o office_n have_v afterward_o advance_v he_o to_o the_o empire_n tar-kia_a govern_v it_o a_o long_a time_n in_o great_a prosperity_n king_n tamburlaine_n say_v y-yin_a to_o tar-kia_a king_n tamburlaine_n always_o have_v his_o mind_n dispose_v to_o cultivate_v that_o precious_a reason_n which_o hâ—â—_n be_v give_v we_o from_o heaven_n in_o fine_a the_o three_o book_n which_o be_v much_o ancient_a than_o the_o two_o former_a be_v call_v ti-tien_a and_o upon_o the_o occasion_n of_o king_n yaâ—_n it_o be_v there_o read_v that_o this_o prince_n can_v cultivate_v this_o sublime_a virtue_n this_o great_a and_o sublime_a gift_n which_o he_o have_v receive_v from_o heaven_n viz._n natural_a reason_n it_o be_v evident_a that_o confucius_n disciple_n by_o these_o authority_n design_v to_o show_v or_o rather_o suppose_v that_o the_o whole_a world_n believe_v that_o we_o have_v all_o receive_v from_o heaven_n those_o light_n which_o most_o man_n suffer_v to_o extinguish_v by_o their_o negligence_n a_o reason_n which_o most_o man_n voluntary_o slight_a and_o suffer_v to_o corrupt_v and_o see_v that_o there_o be_v prince_n which_o have_v perfect_v these_o light_n which_o have_v better_v and_o improve_v their_o reason_n we_o ought_v to_o imitate_v they_o and_o that_o we_o as_o well_o as_o they_o by_o their_o endeavour_n may_v attain_v to_o such_o a_o perfection_n we_o must_v not_o here_o forget_v a_o remarkable_a thing_n which_o cemçu_fw-fr relate_v touch_v a_o basin_n wherein_o king_n tam_fw-la use_v to_o bathe_v and_o wash_v himself_o he_o say_v that_o these_o excellent_a word_n be_v there_o engrave_v wash_v thyself_o renew_v thyself_o continual_o renew_v thyself_o every_o day_n renew_v thyself_o from_o day_n to_o day_n and_o that_o it_o be_v to_o intimate_v to_o the_o king_n that_o if_o â—_o prince_n which_o govern_v other_o have_v contract_v vice_n and_o impurity_n he_o ought_v to_o labour_v to_o cleanse_v himself_o therefrom_o and_o to_o reduce_v his_o heart_n into_o its_o first_o state_n of_o purity_n as_o for_o the_o rest_n it_o have_v be_v a_o ancient_a custom_n among_o the_o chinese_n to_o grave_n or_o paint_v on_o their_o domestic_a vessel_n some_o moral_a sentence_n and_o strong_a exhortation_n to_o virtue_n so_o that_o when_o they_o bathe_v themselves_o or_o take_v their_o repast_n there_o they_o have_v these_o sentence_n and_o exhortation_n continual_o before_o their_o eye_n this_o ancient_a custom_n be_v still_o preserve_v there_o be_v only_o this_o difference_n say_v he_o that_o publish_v confucius_n work_n that_o whereas_o heretofore_o the_o character_n be_v grave_v or_o paint_v on_o the_o inside_n of_o the_o vessel_n in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o interior_a face_n at_o present_a the_o chineses_n do_v most_o frequent_o grave_a or_o paint_v they_o on_o the_o outside_n satisfy_v themselves_o in_o this_o age_n with_o the_o outward_a appearance_n 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light_n of_o nature_n he_o can_v have_v such_o idea_n as_o he_o have_v and_o can_v arrive_v at_o so_o sublime_a a_o virtue_n as_o that_o whereunto_o he_o attain_v it_o will_v not_o be_v unpleasing_a to_o see_v something_o of_o it_o here_o venvam_fw-la say_v the_o commentator_n acknowledge_v that_o the_o love_n which_o prince_n bear_v to_o their_o subject_n can_v but_o great_o contribute_v right_o to_o govern_v and_o make_v they_o happy_a and_o upon_o this_o consideration_n he_o make_v this_o love_n his_o principal_a business_n which_o he_o incessant_o endeavour_v to_o perfect_v behold_v the_o method_n he_o take_v because_o that_o the_o principal_a virtue_n of_o a_o subject_a be_v to_o honour_n and_o respect_v his_o king_n venvam_n be_v as_o yet_o a_o subject_a fix_v himself_o to_o render_v this_o honour_n and_o respect_n and_o take_v so_o great_a a_o pleasure_n in_o these_o sort_n of_o obligation_n that_o he_o always_o fulfil_v they_o with_o great_a fidelity_n as_o the_o first_o and_o most_o important_a virtue_n of_o child_n to_o their_o parent_n be_v obedience_n venvam_n in_o the_o relation_n of_o a_o son_n adhere_v to_o this_o obedience_n and_o incessant_o acquit_v himself_o of_o this_o duty_n with_o a_o extraordinary_a piety_n the_o principal_a virtue_n of_o a_o father_n add_v confucius_n disciple_n be_v a_o tender_a love_n for_o his_o child_n thus_o venvam_n like_o a_o father_n stick_v close_o to_o this_o love_n whereof_o he_o contiâ—nally_o give_v very_a signal_n proof_n not_o by_o a_o weak_a and_o criminal_a indulgence_n but_o by_o the_o continual_a care_n he_o take_v to_o reform_v and_o instruct_v they_o in_o fine_a fidelity_n be_v a_o virtue_n absolute_o necessary_a to_o thosâ—_n that_o live_v in_o a_o society_n thus_o venuâ—m_n in_o speak_v and_o act_v with_o the_o subject_n of_o his_o kingdom_n keep_v close_o to_o this_o duty_n and_o so_o strong_o adhere_v to_o it_o that_o he_o never_o promise_v any_o thing_n which_o he_o effect_v not_o with_o a_o 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the_o cause_n of_o this_o calamity_n and_o of_o the_o wrath_n of_o heaven_n only_o in_o his_o own_o sin_n although_o he_o be_v of_o a_o consummate_v virtue_n that_o which_o most_o appear_v in_o venvam_n action_n be_v a_o extraordinary_a charity_n a_o proof_n whereof_o we_o will_v here_o allege_v in_o the_o annal_n of_o china_n it_o be_v record_v that_o this_o prince_n have_v find_v in_o the_o field_n the_o bone_n of_o a_o man_n to_o who_o the_o honour_n of_o burying_n be_v refuse_v he_o immediate_o command_v they_o to_o be_v inter_v and_o some_o of_o thâ—_n bystander_n say_v that_o the_o master_n of_o the_o decease_a be_v unknown_a and_o that_o for_o this_o reason_n he_o may_v not_o concern_v himself_o it_o be_v found_v perhaps_o on_o some_o custom_n of_o the_o country_n what_o reply_v the_o king_n he_o that_o hold_v the_o reins_o of_o the_o empire_n be_v not_o he_o the_o master_n of_o it_o he_o that_o reign_v be_v not_o he_o the_o master_n of_o the_o kingdom_n i_o be_o
that_o you_o shall_v do_v or_o not_o do_v unto_o they_o what_o you_o therefore_o hate_v in_o your_o superior_n what_o you_o blame_v in_o they_o be_v sure_a not_o to_o practice_v towards_o your_o inferior_n and_o what_o you_o hate_v and_o blame_v in_o your_o inferior_n practise_v not_o to_o your_o superior_n what_o displease_v you_o in_o your_o predecessor_n eschew_v to_o give_v a_o example_n to_o those_o that_o shall_v come_v after_o and_o as_o in_o case_n that_o you_o shall_v happen_v to_o give_v they_o such_o a_o example_n you_o will_v desire_v they_o shall_v not_o follow_v it_o so_o you_o shall_v not_o follow_v the_o bad_a example_n of_o those_o that_o have_v precede_v you_o in_o fine_a what_o you_o blame_v in_o those_o which_o be_v on_o your_o right_a hand_n practise_v not_o to_o those_o which_o be_v on_o your_o left_a and_o what_o you_o reprehend_v in_o those_o on_o your_o left_a hand_n be_v sure_a not_o to_o practice_v it_o to_o those_o that_o be_v on_o your_o right_n behold_v conclude_v cemçu_fw-fr after_o what_o manner_n we_o ought_v to_o measure_n and_o regulate_v all_o our_o action_n and_o if_o a_o prince_n thus_o exercise_n himself_o it_o will_v happen_v that_o all_o his_o subject_n will_v be_v of_o one_o heart_n and_o one_o mind_n and_o that_o he_o will_v rather_o be_v call_v their_o father_n than_o their_o lord_n and_o master_n this_o will_v be_v the_o mean_n to_o draw_v down_o the_o blessing_n and_o favour_n of_o heaven_n not_o to_o fear_v any_o thing_n and_o to_o lead_v a_o quiet_a and_o peaceable_a life_n for_o in_o fine_a virtue_n be_v the_o basis_n and_o foundation_n of_o a_o empire_n and_o the_o source_n from_o whence_o flow_v whatever_o may_v render_v it_o flourish_v it_o be_v upon_o this_o consideration_n that_o a_o ambassador_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o cuckoe_n return_v this_o excellent_a answer_n to_o a_o nobleman_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o cin_n who_o ask_v he_o whether_o in_o his_o master_n kingdom_n there_o be_v great_a riches_n and_o precious_a stone_n nothing_o iâ—_n esteem_v precious_a in_o the_o kingdom_n of_o cuâ—ut_a virtue_n a_o king_n of_o ci_o return_v almost_o the_o same_o answer_n this_o prince_n treat_v of_o a_o alliance_n with_o the_o king_n of_o guei_n and_o the_o king_n of_o guei_n demand_v of_o he_o if_o in_o his_o kingdom_n there_o be_v precious_a stone_n he_o answer_v that_o there_o be_v none_o howâ—_n reply_v this_o king_n all_o in_o amaze_n be_v it_o possible_a that_o though_o my_o kingdom_n be_v lesser_a than_o you_o yet_o there_o be_v find_v a_o carbuncle_n who_o brightness_n be_v so_o great_a that_o it_o can_v enlighten_v spâ—ce_o enough_o for_o twelve_o palanquin_n and_o that_o in_o your_o kingdom_n which_o be_v vast_a than_o i_o there_o be_v none_o of_o these_o precious_a stone_n i_o have_v four_o minister_n rejoin_v the_o king_n of_o ci_o who_o with_o great_a prudence_n govern_v the_o province_n i_o have_v commit_v to_o they_o behold_v my_o precious_a stone_n thâ—y_o can_v enlighten_v a_o thousand_o stadia_fw-la these_o be_v not_o the_o man_n alone_o in_o china_n that_o have_v esteem_v virtue_n there_o be_v woman_n that_o have_v consider_v it_o as_o a_o jewel_n of_o infinite_a value_n and_o preferable_a to_o all_o treasure_n a_o illustrious_a queen_n name_v kiam_fw-la who_o reign_v two_o hundred_o year_n before_o confucius_n reclaim_v her_o husband_n from_o sensuality_n and_o debauchery_n by_o a_o action_n which_o deserve_v to_o be_v immortalize_v she_o see_v that_o this_o prince_n continual_o resort_v to_o the_o pastime_n of_o debauchery_n and_o abandon_v himself_o to_o all_o sort_n of_o pleasure_n she_o one_o day_n pluck_v her_o pendant_n from_o her_o ear_n and_o lay_v aside_o all_o her_o jewel_n and_o in_o his_o condition_n go_v to_o the_o king_n and_o speak_v to_o he_o these_o word_n with_o a_o sensible_a emotion_n sir_n be_v it_o possible_a that_o luxury_n and_o debauchery_n be_v so_o very_o please_v to_o you_o you_o contemn_v virtue_n but_o i_o esteem_v it_o infinite_o more_o than_o the_o mâ—st_o precious_a stone_n she_o afterward_o enlarge_v upon_o this_o subject_a and_o the_o action_n and_o discourse_n of_o this_o princess_n touch_v he_o so_o strong_o that_o he_o renounce_v his_o extravagancy_n and_o give_v himself_o up_o entire_o to_o virtue_n and_o the_o care_n of_o his_o kingdom_n which_o he_o govern_v thirteen_o year_n with_o great_a applause_n in_o fine_a as_o to_o the_o last_o article_n cemçu_fw-fr represent_v to_o king_n that_o they_o ought_v not_o to_o oppress_v their_o people_n either_o by_o imposition_n or_o otherwise_o that_o to_o avoid_v be_v force_v thereto_o it_o be_v necessary_a to_o choose_v wise_a faithful_a and_o virtuous_a minister_n and_o consequent_o not_o to_o admit_v into_o the_o management_n of_o affair_n those_o that_o be_v unworthy_a and_o who_o by_o their_o cruelty_n ambition_n and_o avarice_n can_v only_o bring_v a_o vast_a prejudice_n to_o the_o state_n he_o show_v they_o that_o theâ—_n ought_v to_o lessen_v as_o much_o as_o be_v possible_a the_o number_n of_o their_o minister_n and_o of_o all_o those_o that_o live_v at_o the_o public_a expense_n to_o endeavour_v to_o excite_v all_o to_o work_n and_o so_o to_o order_n it_o that_o those_o who_o manage_n and_o disburse_v the_o treasure_n may_v do_v it_o with_o all_o the_o moderation_n imaginable_a prince_n add_v he_o ought_v never_o to_o seek_v private_a interest_n they_o ought_v only_o to_o look_v after_o the_o interest_n of_o their_o people_n to_o be_v love_v and_o faithful_o serve_v they_o ought_v to_o convince_v their_o subject_n by_o their_o conduct_n that_o they_o design_v only_o to_o make_v they_o happâ—_n which_o they_o will_v never_o do_v if_o they_o hearty_o follow_v their_o particular_a interest_n if_o they_o oppress_v and_o impoverish_v they_o a_o collection_n out_o of_o confucius_n work_n the_o second_o book_n this_o second_o book_n of_o confucius_n be_v publish_v by_o his_o grandson_n cusu_n it_o treat_v of_o divers_a thing_n but_o especial_o of_o that_o excellent_a mediocrity_n which_o must_v be_v constant_o observe_v in_o all_o thing_n between_o the_o too_o much_o and_o too_o little_a thus_o this_o book_n be_v entitle_v chumyum_fw-la that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o perpetual_a mean_a a_o mean_a constant_o observe_v confucius_n teach_v at_o first_o that_o all_o man_n ought_v to_o love_v this_o mediocrity_n which_o they_o ought_v to_o search_v after_o with_o a_o extreme_a care_n he_o say_v that_o the_o perfect_a man_n always_o kâ—eps_v a_o just_a mean_a whatever_o â—e_n undertake_v but_o that_o the_o wicked_a always_o swerve_v therefrom_o that_o he_o do_v too_o much_o or_o not_o enough_o when_o the_o right_a reason_n send_v from_o heaven_n add_v â—e_n have_v once_o show_v a_o wiseman_n the_o mean_a he_o ought_v to_o keep_v he_o afterward_o conform_v all_o his_o action_n thereuntoâ—_n at_o all_o time_n as_o well_o in_o adversity_n as_o prosperity_n he_o continual_o watch_v over_o himself_o over_o his_o thought_n over_o the_o most_o secret_a moâ—ioâ—â—_n of_o hiâ—_n heart_n alwâ—yâ—â—o_o square_a hâ—mself_n aâ—â—ordiâ—g_v to_o tâ—is_fw-la just_o mean_a wâ—iâ—h_a hâ—_n will_v never_o lose_v sight_n ofâ—_n but_o â—he_n wiâ—ked_v bâ—ing_v not_o restrain_v neither_o by_o fear_n modesty_n nor_o thâ—_n love_v oâ—_n virtue_n their_o extravagant_a â—_z do_v always_o carry_v they_o into_o extreme_n this_o philosopher_n can_v sufficient_o admire_v this_o happy_a mediocrity_n he_o lookâ—_n on_o it_o as_o the_o sublimest_n thing_n in_o thâ—_n wâ—â—ld_n as_o a_o thing_n â—ost_o worthy_a of_o the_o louâ—_n and_o employment_n of_o the_o high_a mind_n as_o the_o sole_a path_n of_o virtue_n hâ—â—â—mplains_v that_o there_o always_o hauâ—_n be_v so_o fâ—w_a person_n that_o have_v keep_v it_o he_o diligent_o inquire_v after_o the_o cause_n â—herâ—of_o he_o say_v that_o as_o for_o the_o wisâ—_n man_n of_o the_o age_n they_o slight_a and_o conâ—emn_v it_o because_o they_o imagine_v it_o below_o thâ—ir_n great_a design_n below_o their_o ambitious_a project_n and_o that_o as_o for_o dull_a person_n they_o very_o hardly_o attain_v it_o â—â—thâ—r_n by_o reason_n they_o understand_v it_o not_o or_o bâ—cause_v the_o difficulty_n in_o attain_v it_o astonishâ—s_v and_o discourage_v they_o and_o all_o this_o add_v confucius_n happen_v for_o want_v of_o examination_n â—or_a if_o we_o diligent_o examine_v what_o be_v good_a in_o itself_o we_o shall_v find_v that_o all_o extremes_n be_v prejudicial_a and_o that_o the_o mean_v alone_o be_v always_o good_a and_o gainful_a he_o herein_o particular_o allege_v thâ—_n example_n of_o xun_n the_o emperor_n hâ—_n cry_v out_o how_o great_a be_v the_o prudence_n of_o the_o emperor_n xâ—n_n he_o be_v not_o satisfy_v in_o the_o administration_n oâ—_n state-affairs_a with_o his_o single_a examination_n with_o his_o own_o particular_a judgement_n and_o prudence_n he_o likewise_o consult_v the_o mean_a of_o his_o subject_n he_o ask_v advice_n upon_o the_o least_o thing_n and_o
he_o make_v it_o a_o duty_n and_o delight_n to_o weigh_v the_o answer_n that_o be_v give_v he_o how_o common_a so_o ever_o they_o appear_v when_o any_o thing_n be_v propose_v to_o he_o which_o after_o a_o strict_a examination_n he_o be_v convince_v be_v repugnant_a to_o right_a reason_n he_o acquiesce_v not_o but_o with_o a_o open_a heart_n represent_v what_o be_v amiss_o in_o the_o counsel_n that_o be_v give_v he_o by_o this_o mean_n he_o make_v his_o subject_n to_o place_v a_o confidence_n in_o he_o and_o accustom_v themselves_o â—reely_o to_o give_v he_o advertisement_n â—rom_o time_n to_o time_n as_o for_o the_o good_a and_o judicious_a counsel_n he_o follow_v magnify_v and_o extol_v they_o and_o thereby_o every_o one_o be_v encourage_v joyful_o to_o declare_v his_o opinion_n but_o if_o among_o the_o counsel_n that_o be_v give_v he_o he_o find_v that_o some_o plain_o contradict_v other_o he_o attentive_o consider_v they_o and_o after_o have_v examine_v they_o he_o always_o take_v â—_o mean_o especial_o when_o it_o concern_v â—he_v public_a interest_n confucius_n here_o deplore_v the_o false_a prudence_n of_o the_o man_n of_o his_o time_n it_o have_v indeed_o very_o much_o degenerate_v from_o the_o prudence_n of_o the_o ancient_a king_n there_o be_v not_o say_v he_o any_o person_n at_o present_a who_o declare_v not_o i_o have_v prudence_n i_o know_v what_o be_v necessary_a to_o be_v do_v and_o what_o be_v not_o but_o because_o that_o now_o profit_n and_o particular_a advantage_n be_v the_o only_a object_n delight_v in_o it_o happen_v that_o we_o think_v not_o on_o the_o evil_n which_o may_v thence_o ensue_v on_o the_o peril_n to_o which_o this_o gain_n and_o profit_n expose_v we_o and_o that_o the_o precipice_n be_v not_o perceive_v by_o we_o there_o be_v some_o that_o perfect_o understand_v the_o nature_n and_o value_n of_o mediocrity_n who_o châ—sâ—_n it_o for_o their_o rule_n and_o square_v their_o action_n thereby_o but_o who_o afterward_o suffer_v themselves_o to_o be_v overcome_v by_o sloth_n have_v not_o the_o power_n to_o persist_v to_o what_o end_n in_o these_o sort_n of_o person_n do_v the_o knowledge_n and_o resolution_n they_o have_v form_v tend_v to_o alas_o it_o be_v not_o thus_o with_o my_o disciple_n hâ—ri_n he_o have_v a_o exquisite_a discern_a faculty_n he_o remark_v all_o the_o difference_n that_o occur_v in_o thing_n he_o always_o choose_v a_o mean_a and_o never_o forsake_v it_o as_o for_o the_o rest_n add_v confucius_n it_o be_v not_o a_o very_a easy_a thing_n to_o acquire_v that_o medium_fw-la which_o i_o so_o much_o commend_v alas_o there_o be_v nothing_o so_o difficult_a it_o be_v a_o affair_n which_o require_v great_a pain_n and_o industry_n you_o will_v find_v man_n capable_a of_o govern_v happy_o the_o kingdom_n of_o the_o earth_n you_o will_v see_v some_o that_o will_v have_v magnanimity_n enough_o to_o refuse_v the_o most_o considerable_a dignity_n and_o advantage_n there_o will_v be_v some_o also_o that_o will_v have_v courage_n enough_o to_o walk_v on_o naked_a sword_n but_o you_o will_v find_v few_o that_o be_v capable_a of_o keep_v a_o just_a mean_a that_o to_o arrive_v hereat_o art_n labour_n courage_n and_o virtue_n be_v require_v it_o be_v upon_o the_o account_n of_o this_o moâ—al_a that_o one_o of_o his_o disciple_n who_o be_v of_o a_o warlike_a and_o ambitious_a temper_n ask_v he_o wherein_o valour_n consist_v and_o what_o it_o be_v necessary_a to_o do_v to_o obtain_v the_o name_n of_o valiant_a have_v you_o â—eâ—rd_n ses_fw-fr confucius_n of_o the_o valour_n of_o those_o in_o the_o south_n or_o those_o that_o dwell_v in_o the_o north_n or_o rather_o of_o the_o valour_n of_o my_o disciple_n who_o apply_v themselves_o to_o the_o study_n of_o wisdom_n to_o act_v mild_o in_o the_o education_n of_o child_n and_o disciple_n to_o be_v indulgent_a to_o they_o patient_o to_o bear_v their_o disobedience_n and_o defect_n be_v that_o wherein_o the_o valour_n of_o the_o southern_a people_n consist_v by_o this_o valour_n they_o conquer_v their_o violent_a temper_n and_o submit_v their_o passion_n which_o be_v general_o violent_a to_o right_o reason_n to_o lie_v down_o courageous_o in_o a_o camp_n to_o repose_v quiet_o in_o the_o midst_n of_o a_o terrible_a army_n to_o see_v a_o thousand_o death_n before_o his_o eye_n without_o daunt_v not_o to_o be_v disquiet_v but_o make_v a_o pleasure_n of_o this_o sort_n of_o life_n behold_v what_o i_o call_v the_o valour_n of_o the_o northern_a man_n but_o as_o general_o therâ—_n be_v a_o great_a deal_n of_o rashness_n in_o all_o this_o and_o that_o oftentimes_o man_n regulate_v not_o themselves_o according_o to_o that_o mean_a which_o every_o one_o ought_v to_o seek_v after_o it_o be_v not_o this_o sort_n of_o valour_n which_o i_o require_v of_o my_o disciple_n behold_v what_o his_o character_n ought_v to_o be_v a_o perfect_a man_n for_o in_o short_a the_o perfect_a man_n only_o can_v have_v a_o true_a valour_n ought_v always_o to_o be_v busy_v in_o conquer_a himself_o he_o must_v suit_v himself_o to_o the_o manner_n and_o temper_n of_o other_o but_o he_o ought_v always_o to_o be_v master_n of_o his_o own_o heart_n and_o action_n he_o must_v not_o suffer_v himself_o to_o be_v corrupt_v by_o the_o conversation_n or_o example_n of_o loose_a and_o effeminate_a person_n he_o must_v never_o obey_v till_o he_o have_v first_o examine_v what_o be_v command_v he_o he_o must_v never_o imitate_v other_o without_o judgement_n in_o the_o midst_n of_o so_o many_o mad_a and_o blind_a person_n which_o go_v at_o random_n he_o must_v walk_v aright_o and_o not_o incline_v to_o any_o party_n this_o be_v the_o true_a valour_n moreover_o if_o this_o very_a person_n be_v call_v to_o the_o magistracy_n in_o a_o kingdom_n where_o virtue_n be_v consider_v and_o he_o change_v not_o his_o moral_n how_o great_a soever_o the_o honour_n be_v to_o which_o he_o be_v advance_v if_o he_o there_o preserve_v all_o the_o good_a habit_n which_o he_o have_v when_o only_o a_o private_a man_n if_o he_o permit_v not_o himself_o to_o be_v lead_v away_o with_o pride_n and_o vanity_n this_o man_n be_v true_o valiant_a ah_o how_o great_a be_v this_o valour_n but_o if_o on_o the_o contrary_a he_o be_v in_o a_o kingdom_n where_o virtue_n and_o law_n be_v conâ—emned_v and_o that_o in_o the_o confusion_n and_o disorder_n which_o there_o prevail_v he_o himself_o be_v depress_v with_o poverty_n afflict_a reduce_v even_o to_o the_o loss_n of_o life_n but_o yet_o in_o the_o midst_n of_o so_o many_o misery_n he_o remain_v constant_a preserve_v all_o the_o innocency_n of_o his_o manner_n and_o never_o change_v his_o opinion_n ah_o how_o great_a and_o illustrious_a be_v this_o valour_n instead_o therefore_o of_o the_o valour_n of_o the_o southern_a or_o northern_a country_n i_o require_v and_o expect_v from_o you_o my_o dear_a disciple_n a_o valour_n of_o the_o nature_n abovementioned_a behold_v something_o which_o confucius_n speak_v which_o be_v not_o less_o remarkable_a there_o be_v some_o man_n say_v he_o which_o surpass_v the_o bound_n of_o mediocrity_n by_o affect_v to_o have_v extraordinary_a virtue_n they_o covet_v always_o to_o have_v something_o marvellous_a in_o their_o action_n to_o the_o end_n that_o posterity_n may_v praise_v and_o extol_v they_o certain_o as_o for_o myself_o i_o shall_v never_o be_v enamour_v with_o theâ—e_n glitter_v action_n where_o vanity_n and_o self-love_n have_v ever_o a_o great_a shaâ—e_n than_o virtue_n i_o will_v only_o know_v and_o practice_v what_o it_o be_v necessary_a to_o know_v and_o practice_v every_o where_o there_o be_v four_o rule_n according_a to_o which_o the_o perfect_a man_n ought_v to_o square_v himself_o 1._o he_o himself_o ought_v to_o practice_v in_o respect_n of_o his_o father_n what_o he_o require_v from_o his_o son_n 2._o in_o the_o service_n of_o his_o prince_n he_o be_v oblige_v to_o show_v the_o â—ame_n fidelity_n which_o he_o demand_v of_o those_o that_o be_v under_o he_o 3_o he_o must_v act_v in_o respect_n of_o his_o elder_a brother_n after_o the_o same_o manner_n that_o he_o wouâ—d_v that_o his_o young_a brother_n shall_v act_v towards_o he_o 4._o and_o last_o he_o ought_v to_o behave_v himself_o towards_o his_o friend_n as_o he_o desire_v that_o his_o friend_n shall_v carry_v themselves_o to_o he_o the_o perfect_a man_n continual_o acquit_v himself_o of_o these_o duty_n how_o common_a soever_o they_o may_v appear_v if_o he_o happen_v to_o perceive_v that_o he_o have_v do_v amiss_o in_o any_o thing_n he_o be_v not_o at_o rest_n till_o he_o have_v repair_v his_o fault_n if_o he_o find_v that_o he_o have_v omit_v any_o considerable_a duty_n there_o be_v not_o any_o violence_n which_o he_o do_v not_o to_o himself_o perfect_o to_o accomplish_v it_o he_o be_v moderate_a and_o reserve_v in_o his_o discourse_n he_o speak_v with_o
no_o difficulty_n to_o addressing_z himself_z directly_z to_o they_o and_o of_o give_v they_o counsel_n a_o prince_n say_v he_o one_o day_n to_o a_o king_n of_o lu._n call_v timcum_fw-la a_o prince_n ought_v to_o be_v moderate_a he_o ought_v not_o to_o contemn_v any_o of_o his_o subject_n he_o ought_v to_o recompense_n those_o that_o deserve_v it_o there_o be_v some_o subject_n that_o he_o ought_v to_o treat_v with_o mildness_n and_o other_o with_o severity_n there_o be_v some_o on_o who_o fidelity_n he_o ought_v to_o rely_v but_o there_o be_v some_o also_o who_o he_o can_v sufficient_o distrust_v confucius_n will_v have_v prince_n desire_v nothing_o that_o other_o man_n wish_v for_o although_o they_o be_v sometime_o good_a thing_n which_o it_o seem_v they_o may_v desire_v without_o offence_n he_o will_v have_v they_o to_o trample_v as_o i_o may_v say_v upon_o whatever_o may_v make_v the_o felicity_n of_o mortal_n upon_o earth_n and_o especial_o to_o look_v upon_o riches_n child_n and_o life_n itself_o as_o transient_a advantage_n and_o which_o consequent_o can_v make_v the_o felicity_n of_o a_o prince_n the_o emperor_n yao_n say_v this_o philosopher_n govern_v himself_o by_o these_o maxim_n and_o under_o the_o conduct_n of_o so_o good_a a_o guide_n he_o arrive_v at_o a_o perfection_n whereunto_o few_o mortal_n can_v attain_v for_o it_o may_v be_v say_v that_o he_o see_v nothing_o above_o he_o but_o heaven_n to_o which_o he_o be_v entire_o conformable_a this_o incomparable_a prince_n add_v he_o from_o time_n to_o time_n visit_v the_o province_n of_o his_o empire_n and_o as_o he_o be_v the_o delight_n of_o his_o people_n be_v meet_v one_o day_n by_o a_o troop_n of_o his_o subject_n these_o subject_n after_o have_v call_v he_o their_o emperor_n and_o father_n and_o aâ—ter_v have_v testify_v their_o exceed_a joy_n at_o the_o sight_n of_o so_o great_a a_o prince_n cry_v out_o with_o a_o loud_a voice_n to_o join_v their_o wish_n with_o their_o acclamation_n let_v heaven_n heap_v riches_n upon_o thou_o let_v it_o grant_v thou_o a_o numerous_a family_n and_o let_v it_o not_o snatch_v thou_o from_o thy_o people_n till_o thou_o be_v satisfy_v with_o day_n no_o reply_n the_o emperor_n send_v up_o other_o petition_n to_o heaven_n great_a riches_n produce_v great_a care_n and_o great_a inquietude_n a_o numerous_a progeny_n produce_v great_a fear_n and_o a_o long_a life_n be_v general_o a_o series_n of_o misfortune_n there_o be_v find_v few_o emperor_n like_v to_o yao_n cry_v confucius_n after_o this_o that_o which_o general_o occasion_n trouble_v to_o king_n that_o which_o in_o some_o measure_n redouble_v the_o weight_n of_o the_o burden_n annex_v to_o their_o crown_n be_v either_o the_o few_o subject_n over_o which_o they_o reign_n or_o the_o little_a wealth_n which_o they_o possess_v for_o in_o brief_a all_o king_n be_v not_o great_a all_o king_n have_v not_o vast_a dominion_n and_o excessive_a richâ—s_n but_o confucius_n be_v of_o opinion_n that_o a_o king_n be_v too_o ingenious_a to_o torment_n himself_o when_o these_o reflection_n be_v capable_a of_o cause_v the_o least_o trouble_n in_o he_o he_o say_v that_o a_o king_n have_v subject_n enough_o when_o his_o subject_n be_v content_v and_o that_o his_o kingdom_n be_v rich_a enough_o when_o peace_n and_o concord_n flourish_v there_o peace_n and_o concord_n say_v this_o philosopher_n be_v the_o mother_n of_o plenty_n in_o fine_a confucius_n in_o speak_v of_o the_o duty_n of_o prince_n teach_v that_o it_o be_v so_o necessary_a for_o a_o prince_n to_o be_v virtuous_a that_o when_o he_o be_v otherwise_o a_o subject_a be_v oblige_v by_o the_o law_n of_o heaven_n voluntary_o to_o banish_v himself_o and_o to_o seek_v another_o country_n he_o sometime_o complain_v of_o the_o disorder_n of_o prince_n but_o the_o great_a subject_n of_o his_o complaint_n be_v the_o extravagancy_n of_o private_a men._n he_o bewail_v the_o moral_n of_o his_o age_n he_o say_v that_o he_o see_v almost_o no_o body_n that_o distinguish_v himself_o either_o by_o piety_n or_o some_o extraordinary_a quality_n that_o every_o one_o be_v corrupt_v that_o every_o one_o be_v deprave_v and_o that_o it_o be_v among_o the_o magistrate_n and_o courtier_n chief_o that_o virtue_n be_v neglect_v it_o be_v true_a that_o confucius_n seem_v to_o extend_v thing_n beyond_o reason_n indeed_o it_o be_v not_o much_o for_o this_o philosopher_n when_o in_o a_o prince_n court_n he_o find_v but_o ten_o or_o twelve_o person_n of_o a_o extraordinary_a wisdom_n to_o cry_v out_o o_o tempora_fw-la o_o mores_n under_o vuvam_n reign_n there_o be_v ten_o man_n of_o a_o consummate_v virtue_n and_o sufficiency_n on_o who_o this_o emperor_n may_v repose_v all_o the_o affair_n of_o the_o empire_n yet_o confucius_n exclaim_v against_o so_o small_a a_o number_n say_v that_o great_a endowment_n virtue_n and_o the_o quality_n of_o the_o spirit_n be_v thing_n very_o rare_a in_o his_o age._n he_o have_v make_v the_o same_o complaint_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o emperor_n zun_fw-mi the_o first_o of_o the_o family_n of_o cheu_n although_o this_o prince_n have_v then_o five_o praefect_n of_o who_o merit_n some_o judgement_n may_v be_v make_v by_o the_o history_n of_o one_o of_o these_o minister_n who_o name_n be_v thou_o this_o wise_a minister_n have_v render_v his_o memory_n immortal_a among_o the_o chinese_n not_o only_o because_o it_o be_v he_o that_o invent_v the_o secret_a of_o stop_v or_o divert_v the_o water_n that_o overflow_v the_o whole_a kingdom_n and_o which_o make_v it_o almost_o uninhabitable_a but_o because_o that_o be_v a_o emperor_n he_o always_o live_v like_o a_o philosopher_n he_o be_v of_o a_o illustrious_a family_n for_o he_o can_v name_v some_o emperor_n of_o his_o ancestor_n but_o if_o by_o the_o decadency_n of_o his_o house_n he_o be_v fall_v from_o the_o pretension_n he_o may_v have_v to_o the_o empire_n his_o wisdom_n and_o virtue_n acquire_v he_o what_o fortune_n have_v refuse_v to_o the_o nobility_n of_o his_o extraction_n the_o emperor_n zun_n so_o thorough_o understand_v his_o desert_n that_o he_o associate_v he_o to_o the_o empire_n and_o seventeen_o year_n after_o he_o declare_v he_o his_o lawful_a successor_n even_o to_o the_o exclusion_n of_o his_o own_o son_n thou_o refuse_v this_o honour_n but_o as_o he_o vain_o deny_v it_o and_o that_o his_o generosity_n may_v not_o suffer_v in_o the_o press_a solicitation_n that_o be_v make_v he_o on_o all_o hand_n he_o withdraw_v from_o the_o court_n and_o go_v to_o seek_v a_o retreat_n in_o a_o cell_n but_o not_o be_v able_a so_o well_o to_o conceal_v himself_o as_o not_o to_o remain_v undiscovered_a in_o the_o rock_n of_o his_o solitude_n he_o be_v forcible_o advance_v to_o the_o throne_n of_o his_o ancestor_n never_o throne_n be_v more_o easy_a of_o access_n than_o this_o prince_n never_o prince_n be_v more_o affable_a it_o be_v report_v that_o he_o one_o day_n leave_v his_o dinner_n ten_o time_n to_o peruse_v the_o petition_n that_o be_v present_v he_o or_o to_o hear_v the_o complaint_n of_o the_o distress_a and_o that_o he_o ordinary_o quit_v his_o bath_n when_o audience_n be_v demand_v of_o he_o he_o reign_v ten_o year_n with_o so_o much_o success_n with_o so_o much_o tranquillity_n and_o in_o such_o great_a abundance_n of_o all_o thing_n that_o of_o this_o age_n it_o may_v be_v true_o say_v that_o it_o be_v a_o golden_a age._n thou_o be_v a_o 100_o year_n old_a when_o he_o die_v and_o he_o die_v as_o he_o have_v live_v for_o prefer_v the_o interest_n of_o the_o empire_n before_o that_o of_o his_o family_n he_o will_v not_o let_v his_o son_n succeed_v he_o he_o give_v the_o crown_n to_o one_o of_o his_o subject_n who_o virtue_n be_v know_v unto_o he_o a_o prince_n doubtless_o be_v happy_a when_o he_o can_v some_o time_n discharge_v himself_o of_o the_o care_n which_o throw_v and_o press_v he_o on_o such_o a_o minister_n and_o zun_n only_o can_v be_v so_o see_v that_o he_o at_o one_o time_n have_v five_o all_o worthy_a of_o be_v seat_v on_o the_o throne_n but_o this_o number_n be_v not_o great_a enough_o for_o confucius_n it_o be_v wat_fw-mi make_v he_o to_o grieve_v confucius_n say_v that_o a_o prince_n ought_v never_o to_o accept_v the_o crown_n to_o the_o prejudice_n of_o his_o father_n how_o unworthy_a soever_o his_o father_n may_v be_v thereof_o that_o it_o be_v one_o of_o the_o great_a crime_n whereof_o a_o prince_n can_v be_v guilty_a and_o this_o occasion_v he_o to_o relate_v two_o little_a history_n which_o suit_n admirable_o to_o his_o subject_n limcum_fw-la say_v this_o philosopher_n be_v a_o king_n of_o guei_n who_o be_v twicâ—_n marry_v as_o chastity_n be_v not_o always_o the_o portion_n of_o princess_n the_o queen_n have_v unlawful_a familiarity_n with_o one_o of_o the_o noble_n of_o his_o court_n and_o this_o
what_o man_n say_v but_o i_o never_o rely_v thereon_o i_o will_v examine_v whether_o their_o word_n be_v agreeable_a to_o their_o action_n xxx_o in_o the_o kingdom_n of_o ci_o there_o be_v former_o a_o praefect_n that_o slay_v his_o king_n another_o praefect_n of_o the_o same_o kingdom_n behold_v with_o horror_n the_o crime_n of_o this_o parricide_n quit_v his_o dignity_n for_o sook_v his_o wealth_n and_o retire_v into_o another_o kingdom_n this_o wise_a minister_n be_v not_o so_o happy_a as_o to_o find_v at_o first_o what_o he_o seek_v after_o in_o this_o new_a kingdom_n he_o only_o find_v wicked_a minister_n little_o devote_v to_o their_o master_n interest_n this_o say_v he_o shall_v not_o be_v the_o place_n of_o my_o abode_n i_o will_v elsewhere_o seek_v a_o retreat_n but_o always_o meet_v with_o man_n like_v to_o that_o perfidious_a minister_n who_o by_o his_o crime_n have_v force_v he_o to_o abandon_v his_o country_n dignity_n and_o all_o his_o estate_n he_o wenâ—_n through_o the_o whole_a earth_n if_o thou_o demand_v my_o thought_n concern_v such_o a_o man_n i_o can_v refuse_v tell_v you_o that_o he_o deserve_v great_a praise_n and_o that_o he_o have_v a_o very_a remarkable_a virtue_n this_o be_v the_o judgement_n that_o every_o rational_a man_n ought_v to_o make_v thereof_o but_o as_o we_o be_v not_o the_o searcher_n of_o heart_n and_o as_o it_o be_v proper_o in_o the_o heart_n that_o true_a virtue_n reside_v i_o know_v not_o whether_o his_o virtue_n be_v a_o true_a virtue_n we_o ought_v not_o always_o to_o judge_n of_o man_n by_o their_o outward_a action_n xxxi_o i_o know_v a_o man_n who_o pass_v for_o sincere_a in_o the_o people_n mind_n who_o be_v ask_v for_o something_o that_o he_o have_v not_o thou_o imagine_v perhaps_o that_o he_o ingenious_o confess_v that_o it_o be_v not_o in_o his_o power_n to_o grant_v what_o be_v ask_v of_o he_o he_o ought_v to_o do_v it_o if_o his_o sincerity_n have_v answer_v the_o report_n it_o have_v among_o the_o people_n but_o behold_v how_o he_o take_v it_o he_o go_v direct_o to_o a_o neighbour_n house_n he_o borrow_a of_o he_o what_o be_v request_v of_o himself_o and_o afterward_o give_v it_o he_o i_o can_v convince_v myself_o that_o this_o man_n can_v be_v sincere_a xxxii_o refuse_v not_o what_o be_v give_v thou_o by_o thy_o prince_n what_o riches_n soever_o thou_o possess_v give_v thy_o supersluity_n to_o the_o poor_a xxxiii_o the_o defect_n of_o parent_n ought_v not_o to_o be_v impute_v to_o their_o child_n because_o that_o a_o father_n shall_v by_o his_o crime_n render_v himself_o unworthy_a of_o be_v promote_v to_o honour_n the_o son_n ought_v not_o to_o be_v exclude_v if_o he_o render_v not_o himself_o unworthy_a because_o that_o a_o son_n shall_v be_v of_o a_o obscure_a birth_n his_o birth_n ought_v not_o to_o be_v his_o crime_n he_o ought_v to_o be_v call_v to_o great_a employment_n as_o well_o as_o the_o son_n of_o the_o noble_n if_o he_o have_v the_o qualification_n necessary_a our_o father_n heretofore_o sacrifice_v victim_n only_o of_o a_o certain_a colour_n and_o pitch_v upon_o these_o colour_n according_a to_o the_o will_n of_o those_o that_o sit_v upon_o the_o throne_n under_o the_o reign_n of_o one_o of_o our_o emperor_n the_o red_a colour_n be_v in_o vogue_n think_v you_o that_o the_o deity_n to_o which_o our_o father_n sacrifice_v under_o this_o emperor_n reign_n will_v reject_v a_o red_a bull_n because_o it_o come_v from_o a_o cow_n of_o another_o colour_n xxxiv_o prefer_v poverty_n and_o banishment_n to_o the_o most_o eminent_a office_n of_o state_n when_o it_o be_v a_o wicked_a man_n that_o offer_v they_o and_o will_v constrain_v thou_o to_o accept_v they_o xxxv_o the_o way_n that_o lead_v to_o virtue_n be_v long_o but_o it_o be_v thy_o duty_n to_o finish_v this_o long_a race_n allege_v not_o for_o thy_o excuse_n that_o thou_o have_v not_o strength_n enough_o that_o difficulty_n discourage_v thou_o and_o that_o thou_o shall_v be_v at_o last_o forâ—ed_v to_o stop_v in_o the_o midst_n of_o the_o course_n thou_o know_v nothing_o begin_v to_o run_v it_o be_v a_o sign_n thou_o have_v not_o as_o yet_o begin_v thou_o shall_v not_o use_v this_o language_n xxxvi_o it_o be_v not_o enough_o to_o know_v virtue_n it_o be_v necessary_a to_o love_v it_o but_o it_o be_v not_o sufficient_a to_o love_v it_o it_o be_v necessary_a to_o possess_v it_o xxxvii_o he_o that_o persecute_v a_o good_a man_n make_v war_n against_o heaven_n heaven_n create_v virtue_n and_o protect_v it_o he_o that_o pâ—rsecutes_v it_o persâ—cutes_v heaven_n xxxviii_o a_o magistrate_n ought_v to_o honour_v his_o father_n and_o mother_n he_o ought_v never_o to_o falter_v in_o this_o just_a duty_n his_o example_n ought_v to_o instruct_v the_o people_n he_o aught_v not_o to_o contemn_v old_a person_n nor_o person_n of_o merit_n the_o people_n may_v imitate_v he_o thirty-nine_o a_o child_n ought_v to_o be_v under_o a_o continual_a apprehension_n of_o do_v something_o that_o may_v displease_v his_o father_n this_o fear_n ought_v always_o to_o possess_v he_o in_o a_o word_n he_o ought_v to_o act_v in_o whatever_o he_o undertake_v with_o so_o much_o precaution_n that_o he_o may_v never_o offend_v he_o or_o afflict_v he_o xl._o greatness_n of_o spirit_n power_n and_o perseverance_n aught_o to_o be_v the_o portion_n of_o the_o wise._n the_o burden_n wherewith_o he_o be_v load_v be_v weighty_a his_o course_n iâ—_n long_o xli_o the_o wise_a man_n never_o act_v without_o counsel_n he_o sometime_o consult_v in_o the_o most_o important_a affair_n even_o the_o least_o intelligent_a person_n man_n that_o have_v the_o least_o spirit_n and_o the_o least_o experience_n when_o counsel_n be_v good_a we_o ought_v not_o to_o consider_v from_o whence_o they_o come_v xlii_o eschew_v vanity_n and_o pride_n although_o thou_o have_v all_o the_o prudence_n and_o ability_n of_o the_o ancient_n if_o thou_o have_v not_o humility_n thou_o have_v nothing_o thou_o be_v even_a thâ—_n man_n of_o the_o world_n that_o deserve_v to_o be_v contemn_v xliii_o learn_v what_o thou_o know_v already_o as_o if_o thou_o have_v never_o learn_v it_o thing_n be_v never_o so_o well_o know_v but_o that_o we_o may_v forget_v they_o xliv_o do_v nothing_o that_o be_v unhandsome_a although_o thou_o shall_v have_v art_n enough_o to_o make_v thy_o action_n approve_v thou_o may_v easy_o deceive_v the_o eye_n of_o man_n but_o thou_o can_v never_o deceive_v heaven_n its_o eye_n be_v too_o penetrative_a and_o clear_a xlv_o never_o contract_v friendship_n with_o a_o man_n that_o be_v not_o better_a than_o thyself_o xlvi_o the_o wise_a man_n blush_v at_o his_o fault_n but_o be_v not_o ashamed_a to_o amend_v they_o xlvii_o he_o that_o live_v without_o envy_n and_o covetousness_n may_v aspire_v at_o every_o thing_n xlviii_o will_v thou_o learn_v to_o die_v well_o learn_v first_o to_o live_v well_o xlix_o a_o minister_n of_o state_n never_o ought_v to_o serve_v his_o prince_n in_o his_o extravagancy_n and_o injustice_n he_o ought_v rather_o to_o renounce_v his_o oâ—â—â—ce_n than_o to_o tarnish_v it_o by_o base_a and_o criminal_a action_n l._n innocence_n cease_v to_o be_v a_o virtue_n most_o of_o the_o great_a one_o be_v fall_v therefrom_o but_o if_o thou_o demand_v what_o must_v be_v do_v to_o recover_v this_o virtue_n i_o answer_v that_o it_o be_v necessary_a to_o conquer_v thyself_o if_o all_o mortal_n can_v in_o one_o day_n gain_v over_o themselves_o this_o happy_a victory_n the_o whole_a universe_n will_v from_o this_o very_a day_n reassume_a a_o new_a form_n we_o shall_v all_o be_v perfect_a we_o shall_v all_o be_v innocent_a it_o be_v true_a the_o victory_n be_v difficult_a but_o it_o be_v not_o impossible_a for_o in_o short_a to_o conquer_v thyself_o be_v only_o to_o do_v what_o be_v agreeable_a to_o reason_n turn_v away_o thy_o eye_n stop_v thy_o ear_n put_v a_o bridle_n upon_o thy_o tongue_n and_o rather_o remain_v in_o a_o eternal_a â—naction_n than_o to_o employ_v thy_o eye_n in_o behold_v sight_n where_o reason_n be_v stifle_v than_o to_o give_v attention_n thereunto_o or_o to_o discourse_n thereon_o behold_v how_o thou_o may_v overcome_v the_o victory_n depend_v on_o thyself_o alone_o li._n desire_v not_o the_o dâ—ath_n of_o thy_o enemy_n thou_o will_v desire_v it_o in_o vain_a his_o life_n be_v in_o the_o hand_n of_o heaven_n lii_o it_o be_v easy_a to_o obey_v the_o wise_a he_o command_v nothing_o impossible_a but_o it_o be_v hard_o to_o divert_v he_o therefrom_o that_o which_o often_o time_n rejoice_v other_o make_v he_o to_o sigh_n and_o force_n torrent_n of_o tear_n from_o his_o eye_n liii_o acknowledge_v thy_o benefit_n by_o the_o return_n of_o other_o benefit_n but_o never_o revenge_v injury_n liv._o in_o what_o part_n of_o the_o world_n soever_o thou_o be_v force_v to_o spend_v thy_o life_n