the Earl of Strafford who had been the late General against the Scots Novemb. 12. On which he was forthwith taken into Custody and committed to the Tower Novemb. 22. brought to his Trial March 22. which lasted 'till April 13. And lastly attainted by Act of Parliament and thereupon beheaded May 12 following And the same 10th of May that the King gave his Royal Assent to that Bill of Attainder he gave the like to another That this Parliament should not be Dissolv'd or Prorogu'd but by Act of Parliament And now having gotten this firmer footing to what they had begun before in enlarging such as had been fined and imprisoned by the Star-Chamber for Libelling voting Ship-Money unlawful and the Lord Keeper a Traitor impeaching the Archbishop of Canterbury whom after a Four Years imprisonment they beheaded by an Ordinance of Lords and Commons at which Seven Lords only were present They proceed to Acts of Parliament for vacating Ship-Money taking off the several Courts of Star-Chamber High-Commission the Presidencies of Wales and the North the Bishops outed the House of Peers And having singled out the King as it were by Himself they pray a Guard out of the City of London to be Commanded by the Earl of Essex Which the King refusing he is so harass'd with Tumults that he is fore'd to remove from London And which fell fortunately to their Game a Rebellion in Ireland having broke out the 23d of October before the King had given his Assent to two Bills the one for the borrowing 400000 l. for the necessary Defence of England and Ireland the other which brought in little less for the Encouragement of Adventurers for the reducing of Ireland And so having gotten such a Fund they not long after further petition That the Tower of London all other Forts and the whole Militia of the Kingdom might be put into such hands as should be recommended to him by both Houses But being refus'd by the King they publish a Declaration That whatsoever They declare to be Law ought not to be question'd by the King That They without the King are Judges of the Publick Good That the Soveraign Power resides in both Houses and that the King ought to have no Negative Voice That Treason cannot be committed against his Person otherwise than as he is intrusted with the Kingdom and discharges that Trust of which they are Judges And thereupon raise an Army and make the Earl of Essex General thereof and the Earl of Warwick Admiral at Sea notwithstanding the King had appointed another On which many of the House of Commons and most of the Peers repair to the King at York the King proclaims Essex and his Adherents Traitors and sets up his Standard at Nottingham Aug. 20. 1642. In return of which they in 1643. voted the Queen a Traiter for helping her Husband with Ammunition and some English Forces out of Holland And actually brought in an Army of Scots to fight against the King when yet they had made it an Article of High-Treason against the Earl of Strafford for that he should have said at Council-Board If his Majesty pleas'd to employ Forces he had some in Ireland which might serve to reduce the Kingdom The Question also at that time being touching Scotland However the King without other Supplies than the voluntary Assistance of his Loyal Nobility and Gentry made a shift to bring the West the North and several other parts of the Kingdom under his Obedience 'till at last oppress'd by those inexhaustible Banks as the Weekly Assessments which for the Year came to above 1700000 l. the Plate ready Monies and Jewels borrow'd upon the Publick Faith which in London and Middlesex came to upwards of Ten Millions besides the Profits of their new Excise Sequestrations of King's Queen's Prince's Bishops and Delinquents Lands Tonnage Poundage and whatsoever was in any wise due to the King which contrary to the known Laws they had raked to themselves and not being able to recover that fatal Battel of Naseby June 14. 1645. He sunk by degrees and at last threw himself upon his Country-men the Scots who Delivered him up to the Parliament for 200000 l. and they kept Him under a Guard at Holmby The Parliament now in possession of the King came to be divided into two Parties Presbyterian and Independant and the Army which was every of them a Sect by it self thinking they had as much Right to Him as the others seize Him and bring Him to Hampton Court about the middle of August 1647. from whence without bettering His Condition He escapes into the Isle of Wight and by Letter to the Parliament desires a Personal Treaty at London They on the other hand vote Him 5000 l. for His present Accommodation and send Him Four Preliminary Bills to sign but those so Unreasonable that the King refusing them they amongst other things vote no more Addresses should be made to Him and the Army declares to stand by them in those Votes and what shall be further necessary for the prosecution thereof On this several Parties in London Wales Essex Kent c. rise for the King a part of the Navy go off to the Prince and the Scots under Duke Hamilton enter England To suppress these the Army is sent abroad and Cromwel makes against Hamilton takes him Prisoner and pursues the rest to Edinburgh During this absence of his the Parliament revoke their Votes of Non Addresses and appoint Five Lords and Ten Commoners to treat with the King at Newport in the Isle of Wight with Honour Freedom and Safety But alas they dodg'd so long about Trisles that upon Cromwel's return before any thing was concluded the Army remonstrate and require That the King be brought to Justice as the Capital Cause of the Civil War And thereupon having garbled the Commons of Forty odd Members and required that Ninety more and all others that by their Votes Decemb. 5. before had approved the King's Concessions for a Peace at the Isle of Wight should be excluded the House 'till they had enter'd their Dissents to those Votes that Fagg-end of them that was left restor'd the Votes of Non-Addresses voted a Charge of High-Treason against the King and drew up an Ordinance for his Trial Which being rejected by the Lords they made it an Act of their own and on Saturday Jan. 20. 1648. brought Him before a Mock-High-Court of Iustice consisting of one Bradshew their President Cromwel his Son-in-Law Ireton and Seventy two others that appear'd and sate and with ignominious Expressions charg'd Him That as a Publick Enemy of the Common-wealth he had traiterously and maliciously levied War against the present Parliament and the People therein represented And after four Days not allowing Him to be heard unless he first acknowledg'd the Authority of their Court He was as Infamously sentenc'd to have his Head sever'd from his Body which was accordingly executed in the open Street before his Royal Palace of Whitehal Jan. 30.
1648. in the Forty eighth Year of his Age and Twenty fourth of his Reign And thus fell this oppress'd King than whom many have worn a Crown longer no one left it with so much Resolution His Queen and Relict was Henrietta Maria as hath been before said by whom he had Four Sons and as many Daughters 1. Charles Stuart born Christen'd and died the same Day March 18. 1628. 2. Charles Stuart Prince of Wales born May 29. 1630. who after a Twelve Years subversion of the Government was restor'd 1660. 3. James Stuart Duke of York born Octob. 14. 1633. who his Brother dying without Issue succeeded him in the Crown 4. Henry Stuart Duke of Gloucester born July 8. 1640. died after the Restauration Septemb. 13. 1660. His Daughters 1. Mary Stuart born Novemb. 4. 1631. married to William of Nassau Prince of Orange May 2. 1641. by whom she had one Son Henry William born nine Days after the Death of his Father Crown'd King of England April 11. 1689. She died Decemb 24. 1660. 2. Elizabeth Stuart born Decemb. 28. 1635. died Septemb. 8. 1650. 3. Anne Stuart born March 17. 1636. died Decemb. 8. 1640. 4. Henrietta Maria Stuart born June 16. 1644 at Exeter from whence she was convey'd into France and married to Philip Duke of Orleans Brother to Lewis XIV the present King of France She died 1670. King Charles I. being thus dead and that whatever it were of a Parliament according to the known Laws of England thereby dissolv'd they that had kill'd the Father knew they could not be secure 'till they had done as much by the Son and therefore immediately abolish the Monarchy and turn the Name Style Title and Test of the King into that of The Keepers of the Liberty of England by Authority of Parliament and make it High-Treason to proclaim or any ways to promote Charles Stuart commonly call'd Prince of Wales or any other Person to be King c. Yet this hindred not but that several printed Declarations in the Name of the Nobility Judges Gentry and other the Freemen of England were scattered about London thereby recognizing the Prince's Hereditary Birth-right to the Crown c. and their Resolutions of defending it to the last Man Dated Feb. 1. in the First Year of the Reign of King Charles II. XXVI The House of Lords was yet sitting and sent to the Commons for a Conference touching these matters who instead of vouchsafing them an Answer by their Votes Feb. 6. declare the Kingly Office to be unnecessary and burthensome and the Lords House dangerous and useless and therefore to be laid aside Against these Proceedings the Lords protest and the Army set a Guard upon their House to prevent their assembling And the Commons wholly took it away and their Privilege of Peerage with it unless being duly Qualified they shall be elected to sit in Parliament And thereupon enacted themselves The Supreme Authority of the Nation A Commonwealth and Free State without any King or House of Lords And committed the Executive Part of the Government to A Council of State erected by them of whom Forty were principal Officers in the Army And having obliterated the very Prints of Monarchy they proceeded to the Sale of King's Queen's Prince's Bishops Dean and Chapters and Delinquents Lands of which themselves were for the most part Purchasers and that at easie Rates During this time the Parliament of Scotland that they might at least seem not wanting to their Duty recognize the King's undoubted Right of Succession to the Crowns of these Kingdoms But with this Clause in it That he be not admitted to the Exercise of it 'till he had given Satisfaction to the Kingdom touching the Security of Religion and the Unity betwixt the Kingdoms according to the National Covenant and the Solemn League and Covenant Middleton on the other hand and several of the Scots Nobility that were for having the King admitted without previous Conditions take Arms in the Highlands but were dispers'd before the Marquess of Montross who with Men and Arms was just landed in the Isles of Orkney could come up to join them However this nothing daunted his Magnanimity but that with the Assistance of some few that came in to him he successfully made good the King's Interest against the Covenanters as he had formerly done his Royal Father's in 1645. And now they at home finding no great danger to be yet fear'd from Scotland cast an eye upon Ireland where the Irish had generally submitted to the King's Authority and with the Assistance of several of the English that had serv'd his Father had in a manner reduc'd the whole Kingdom excepting Dublin and the more remote parts of Ulster And having laid a new Tax of 90000 l. a Month for the maintenance of the Army they order Seven Regiments of Foot Four of Horse and One of Dragoons to be sent thither and appoint Cromwel General and his Son Ireton Lieutenant-General for the Expedition who with all the haste that could be transported their Forces and landed in Dublin Aug. 5. 1649. whence after a little refreshment Cromwel marches them for Drogedah and after several repulses takes it by storm puts all to the sword with out respecting either Age Sex or Condition and in less than a Year subdues the most part of the Kingdom to the Power of the New Commonwealth and returns for England leaving Iretan to finish the rest which he liv'd not to effect but died of the Plague at Limerick and was succeeded by Ludiour While things went thus in Ireland the Estates of Scotland had spun out a lingering Treaty with the King at Breda during which the Kirk-Party having surpriz'd Mentrosa defeated his Forces and gotten himself betray'd into their hands they bring him to Edinburgh hang him on a Gallows Thirty Foot high and quarter him May 21. 1650. at what time yet his Resolution was so great and his Deportment so winning that he won more from them by his manner of Dying than he could have vanquish'd in the Field by Arms. However the Treaty took effect at last and the King lands in Scotland and was proclaim'd at Edinburgh July 15. And now the Men at Westminster better known by the Name of The Rump think it high time to look about them and form an Army to be sent thither Fairfax should have commanded it but whether it were that the Covenant had bewitch'd him or Cromwel out-witted him he declin'd the Charge and Cromwel is made Generalissimo and with 16000 effective Men enters Scotland and has a Fleet on the Coasts to attend his motions Nor was it long ere he engag'd the Scots Army and gave them 6000 Horse and Dragoons and 15000 Foot a Defeat at Musleburgh and a total Rout at Dunbar Septemb. 3. the same Year On which they quit Edinburgh and retiring to St. Johnsteun for new Recruits Crown the King at Scoon Jan. 1. following Nor was Cromwel idle all this time but having Edinburgh-Castle surrender'd
1615. he married Anna Maria Mauritia Daughter of Philip III. King of Spain whom he had betrothed in 1611. And by her left Issue 1. LEWIS XIV surnamed The Great the present King of France born Aug. 26. O.S. 1638. of whom below And 2. Philip Duke of Orleans Sept. 21. N.S. 1640. whose first Dutchess the Princess Henrietta Maria Stuart Daughter of Charles I. King of England departed this Life in June 1670. And he the next Year married Charlâ—tte Elizabeth Daughter of Charles Lewis Elector Palatine By the first Venture he had 1. Mary Aloisia or Louise born March 27. 1662. married Novemb. 17. 1679. to Charles II. King of Spain deceased without Issue by him 1689. 2. Philip deceased an Infant 3. Another Daughter not named 1665. 4. Anne Mary born Aug. 27. 1669. and most happily married April 9. to Victor Amadeus II. Duke of Savoy He has also a Son and a Daughter by the present Dutchess namely 1. Philip Duke of Chartres born Aug. 2. 1674. And 2. Elizabeth Charlotte Madamoiselle de Chartres born Sept. 13. 1676. As for Lewis the Great the present King he succeed his Father in 1643. and was Crown'd by the Archbishop of Rheims June 7. 1654. of whose Actions I shall say little here since the Eyes of the whole World are upon ' em His Queen was Maria Theresia Daughter of Philip IV. King of Spain who died July 30. 1683. by whom he has only a Son now living namely Lewis XV. surnamed The Hardy the present Dauphin born Nov. 1. 1661. In 1680. he married Maria Anna Christina Daughter of Ferdinand Maria late Elector of Bavaria by whom he has had three Sons whose Names are 1. Lewis Duke of Burgundy born Aug. 6. 1682. 2. Philip Duke of Anjou born Novemb. 19. 1683. And 3. Gaston Duke of Berry born Aug. 31. 1686. But besides the Dauphin the present French King has several Natural Children as namely Mary Anne de Bourbon born 1666. and married in 1680. to Lewis of Bourbon Prince de Conti And Lewis de Bourbon born 1667. Supreme Intendant of the Marine These two were born him by Aloisia Frances de la Beaume la Blanche de la Valiere Dutchess de Vaujour and Peeress of France Daughter of Laurence de la Valiere now a Carmelite Nun by the Name of Sister Aloisia de Misericordia or of Mercy As likewise Lewis Augustus de Bourbon Duke of Main born 1670. and made legitimate three Years after Lewis Caesar de Bourbon Count de Vexin born 1672. deceased 1683. Aloisia Frances de Bourbon Madamoiselle de Nantes born 1673. and married in 1685. to Lewis Duke of Bourbon Aloisia Mary Anne deceased 1681. Lewis Alexander de Bourbon Count de Toulouse born 1678. made Legitimate 1681. Intendant likewise of the Marine And Frances Mary de Bourbon Madamoiselle de Rlois born 1681. Which Six were born him by Frances Athanasia de Rochechouart Gabriel Prince de Mortemar's Daughter and Wife of Henry de Lewis Paidaillan Marquess of Montespan § XVI It remains we now return to Lewis Prince de Conde youngest Son of Charles Duke of Vendôme born 1530. whom we mentioned in the latter end of Sect. XIII Numb 9. He was slain at the bloody Battel of Jarnac 1569. by one Montesque a Captain under the Duke of Anjou notwithstanding he offer'd 100000 Crowns for his Ransom The Issue that survived him were 1. Henry Prince of Conde born 1552. 2. Francis Prince of Conti born 1558. who had only Natural Issue though twice married 3. Charles Archbishop of Roan and Cardinal deceased 1594. 4. Charles Count de Soissons Peer and Grand Master of France born 1566. deceased 1614. leaving Issue 1. Aloisia married to Henry Duke of Longueville deceased 1637. 2. Lewis born 1604. deceased 1641. And 3. Mary born 1606. and married to Thomas of Savoy Prince of Carignan Henry the eldest Brother was a Prince of great Courage and hath his Life finely written by Thuanus in his History Lib. 90. His first Princess was Mary of Cleve Daughter of Francis Duke of Nevers But she dying in 1574. he afterwards married Charlotte Catharine de Tremolle Daughter of Lewis Duke of Thovars and departed this Life 1588. leaving Issue by the last Lady as followeth namely 1. Eleanora born 1587. married in 1606. to Philip William of Nassau Prince of Orange deceased 1619. And 2. Henry II. Prince of Conde born after his Father's decease Sept. 1. 1588. His Princess was Charlotte Margaret Daughter of Henry II. Duke of Montmorency who bore him 1. Anne married in 1642. to Henry Duke of Longueville deceased 1679. 2. Lewis II. Prince of Conde And 3. Armand Prince of Conti of which two apart And first for Lewis He was born in 1621. and justly to be ranked among the greatest Hero's of the Age. He took to Wife Clara Clementia Daughter of Urban Marquess of Breze and departed this Life 1685. to the great Grief of all good Men. His only Son Henry Julius de Bourbon is now living born July 29. 1643. formerly styled Duke d'Enghien but now since his Father's death Prince of Conde His Princess is Anne Daughter of Edward Prince Palatine of the Rhine who has born him this following Issue now living 1. Mary Theresia Madamoiselle de Bourbon born 1666. 2. Lewis Duke of Bourbon born 1668. and married 1685. to Aloisia Frances Natural Daughter of the present French King 3. Mary Anne Madamoiselle de Montmorency born 1675. 4. Anne Mary Victoria Madamoiselle d'Enghien born 1676. And 5. Aloisia Benedicta Madamoiselle de Conde born 1678. As for Armand Prince de Conti the other Brother he was born 1629. married to Anne Mary of Montmorency Cardinal Mazarine's Neice by the Sister 1654. deceased 1666. leaving two Sons 1. Lewis de Bourbon Prince of Conti born 1661. In 1680. he took to Wife Mary Anne de Bourbon the King 's Natural Daughter made legitimate yet died without Issue in 1685. And 2. Francis Lewis de Bourbon the now Prince of Conti born 1668. Of the Augmentation of the House of France § XVII IN the Year 861. Robert Earl of Orleans was created Duke and Marquess of the Franks by Charles the Bald King of France to whose Son Eudo the County of Paris was likewise added by Charles the Gross King of France After this Hugh Capet came to be King An. 987. whose Brother Otho having married Leutgarde Daughter and Heiress to the last Duke of Burgundy in her Right possessed himself of that Dutchy Philip II. having defeated John sans Terre King of England brought Normandy Bretagne Anjou Touraine Poictou and Clermont with part of Aquitain under his Obedience and incorporated the same with the Crown Charles Duke of Anjou was Crown'd King of both the Sicily's An. 1266. He likewise became possessed of Provence in Right of his Wife as also of a Title to the Kingdom of Jerusalem by the Donation of Mary Princess of Antioch Charles Martel his Grandson was Crown'd King of Hungary in 1290. in right of his Mother
Mary Daughter of Stephen King of Hungary Lewis his Son became King of Poland by a Marriage with Elizabeth Daughter of Ladislaus King of that Country And Philip Charles Martel's Brother took upon him the Title of Emperour of Constantinople in his Wife 's Right Lewis IX obtain'd Clermont Tholouse and Provence by the same Right Beaumont by Gift and Mascon for Money Philip the Fair bought the County of Canny and joyn'd the Kingdom of Navarre to that of France by a Marriage with Joan last Heiress thereof with whom he had Champagne also and the Territory of Bruges Philip VI. surnamed de Valois had Dauphine given him but bought the Lordship of Mompellier in Languedoc of Sanchius King of Majorca Charles V. did the same by Auxerre Picena part of Dreux Creil and Mouzon all which Places he annexed to the Crown In 1345. Philip Duke of Burgundy third Son of King John added the Counties of Artois Burgundy and Flanders as also the Dutchy of Brabant to this Family partly as his Mother's Inheritance and partly as his Wife 's After this Charles the Bold succeeded to the Dutchy of Burgundy as next Heir and so became Lord of all the Netherlands In 1389. Lewis II. Son of Charles V. became possessed of the Dutchy of Milan in right of his Wife Valentina Daughter and Heiress of John Galeazo Duke thereof In 1535. Francis I. annexed the Dutchy of Bretagne to the Crown Henry IV. gave the Kingdom of Navarre once more to the Crown together with the Principality of Bern the Dutchies of Vendôme Beaumont and Albret the Counties of Foix and Armanac Perigord and Bresse with many other Places So that all France became incorporated in the Crown Last of all Lewis XIV the present King has made himself Master of the Bishopricks of Metz Tulles and Verdun Pignerol Brisac all Alsace and Brisgow By the Pyrenaean Treaty he had the County of Rousillon with part of that of Cerdagne made over to him See Artic. 42. and 43. Moreover he has bought Casal the Capital City of Montferrat By the Treaty of Peace at Nimeguen he was put in possession of Freiburg Two Years after he made himself Master of Strasburg by force of Arms viz. Septemb. 29. 1681. as he had done seven Years before of the Dutchies of Barre and Lorrain which two last he has united to the Crown for ever He has likewise taken the Palatinate of Deux Pents from its Natural Prince under pretence of its being an Appendant of Alsace Nor have the Dukes of Wirtenberg escaped him from whom he forced Mompelgart as also Orange from the Prince of that Name In short the Fronch of late years have extended their Power as far as America where they stand possess'd of New-France and Isles of St. Christopher and Martinique as also that of St. Laurence near Africk Moreover they seem of late to have gotten footing in Siam in the East-India's Of its Decrease § XVIII THe greatest Diminution suffered by the Family of Capet has been from the English who beginning a War with the Line of Valois under the Conduct of King Edward III. about the Year 1338. subdued in a manner all France Nevertheless in process of time all was regain'd by the French so that now the English have not so much as a Foot of Land in France In 1477. Mary the only Daughter and Heiress of Charles the Bold last Duke of Burgundy of this Family being married to Maximilian I transferred the Franche Comté together with all the Netherlands and indeed all other her Possessions except the Dutchy of Burgundy to the House of Austria Nevertheless the French by degrees have recovered many of these Places and still are gaining more as namely Artois with great part of Haynault and Flanders by the Pyrenaean Treaty of Peace See the 35th and following Articles By the Peace of Nimeguen the Franche Comté and since that the Dutchy of Luxenburg They have also made themselves Masters of some Cities belonging to the United Provinces and bought Dunkirk of the English But then again for its Decrease In 1281. this Family lost the Kingdom of Sicily witness the famous Sicilian Vespers at which time it lost Malta also Joan the last Queen of Naples of the Family of Capet transferred that Kingdom to Alphonso King of Arragon Hedewig descended of the same Race last Heiress of the Kingdom of Poland brought in Marriage that Kingdom to Jagello Duke of Lithuania In 1512. the Kingdom of Navarre was torn from it by the Spaniard and the Dutchy of Milan lost about ten Years after to Charles V. who invested his Son Philip therein Last of all the present French King has again freely surrendred the County of Avignon to his Holiness Pope Alexander VIII alias Ottoboni By all which it appears what Regions and Provinces are at present subject to the French King yet consult at leisure the famous John Christ Beckman's Hist Civ c. 3. § 2. Of its Pretensions § XIX THe House of France seems in the first place to have a just Title to the Upper Kingdom of Navarre as taken from King John of Albret by Ferdinand the Catholick King of Spain at the Instigation of Pope Julius II. whereas the Right and Title thereunto was by Joan of Albret's being married to Anthony of Bourbon Father of King Henry the Great transferred into that Family and the Claim suspended 'till this day 2. To the Commonwealth of Genoua by reason of a voluntary and formal Surrender of its Soveraignty in 1396. to Charles VI. King of France which has been since often claim'd 3. To the Kingdom of Naples which nevertheless seems to be but weak and is wholly rejected by the Spaniards 4. To the Dutchy of Milan Valentina the Heiress of that Dutchy being married by Lewis Duke of Orleans second Son of Charles V. And Lastly The present King in name of his Brother Philip Duke of Orleans lays claim to great part of the Palatinate of the Rhine And this has been the occasion of the present bloody and expensive War CHAP. III. Of the Lineage of the Kings of England § I. WHat the first State or Form of England was how conquer'd by the Romans and afterwards by the Saxons makes so little to the present Undertaking that we purposely leave it it being as much as we shall have occasion for That about the Year 1016. Canutus or Knute King of Denmark invaded this Kingdom and having treacherously slain the Saxon King Edmond Ironside 1018. married Emma the Widow of King Ethelred Father of the said Edmond and was the first Danish King of England and died 1038. His Issue were 1. Harold surnamed Harefoot by a former Wife 2. Hardicanute by the said Emma Harold succeeded his Father and died without Issue 1041. and left the Succession to his said Brother by the Father's side Hardicanute who by means of his Luxury became odious to the People and in the midst of a Debauch died suddenly 1042. lest no Issue and with him
ended the Government of the Danes in England To him succeeded his Brother by the Mother's side Edward surnamed The Confessor the Son of Ethelred by Emma the Mother of Hardicanute as before He had been preserv'd from Canute by Richard II. Duke of Normandy his Uncle and upon the death of Hardicanute was recall'd from Normandy and Crown'd King in the Year 1042 and Fortieth of his Age. He first brought into the Royal Family the Gift of curing The King 's Evil Reigned Twenty four Years and died without Issue 1065. Upon this Harold II. Son of Earl Godwin by Guitha Sifter of Swaine King of Denmark by the assistance of Edwin and Morcar Earls of York and Chester was preferred to the Crown but enjoy'd it not long for he was slain in Battel Octob. 14. 1066. by § II. William I. Duke of Normandy surnamed The Conquerour first of the Normans that was King of England Natural Son of Robert II. Duke of Normandy by Arletta an obscure Woman who under pretence that Edward the Confessor had by his last Will and Testament transferred the Kingdom to him made a Descent into England and having slain Harold as before was by the unanimous Consent of the Peerage of England Crown'd King 1067. He had a sharp War with Philip I. King of France and after Twenty one Years Reign died at Roan in Normandy Septemb. 9. 1087. He had to Wife Maud Daughter of Baldwin V. Earl of Flanders by whom he had six Daughters and four Sons 1. Cecilie Abbess of Caen in Normandy 2. Constance married to the Earl of Britain 3. Adela to Stephen Earl of Blois Father of King Stephen of whom in his turn 4. Gundred to William Warren first Earl of Surry 5. Ela both died young 6. Margaret both died young His Sons were 1. Robert to whom he bequeathed the Dutchy of Normandy 2. Richard kill'd by a Stagg in New Forest in his Father's Life-time 3. William surnamed Rufus who succeeded his Father in the Kingdom 4. Henry I. surnamed Beauclerk to whom he left his Treasure and a yearly Pension of whom more in the next Section II. William II. born in Normandy 1057. his Brother Robert being in Normandy at the time of his Father's death what by pretext of his Father's Will and the contrivance of Lanfranc Archbishop of Canterbury was Crown'd Octob. 5. following He had War with the Scots brought Wales under his Obedience but what with that and to secure his Possession against the Claim and Arms of his elder Brother Robert he was necessitated to many a dishonourable Shift whereby to get Money and at last strook dead with an Arrow shot by Sir Walter Tyrel a Norman his Bow-Bearer as they were Hunting in New Forest but whether by accident or otherwise is uncertain Aug. 2. 1100. being the Eleventh Year of his Reign and Forty third of his Age but never married III. Henry I. youngest Son of the Conqueror born in England 1070. his eldest Brother Robert still living but in favour of Henry given out to be chosen King of Jerusalem succeeded his Brother William and was Crown'd in four Days after his death He had long Wars with his Brother Robert upon his return from the Holy War 'till at last having taken him Prisoner he put out his Eyes and threw him in Prison where he died but left no Issue He call'd the first Parliament after the Conquest at Salisbury in 1115. and died of a Surfeit in Normandy Decemb. 2. 1136. in the Sixty seventh Year of his Age and Thirty fifth of his Reign His first Wife was Matilda or Maud Daughter of Malcolm III. King of Scotland by Margaret the Sister of Edgar Atheling right Heir of Edward the Confessor as being descended from Edmond Ironside of whom before by which means the Saxon Line was restor'd in her Issue 1. William born 1102. he married Matilda or Maud Daughter of Foulk Earl of Anjon who with several others were cast away Nov. 26. 1119. 2. Maud the only legitimate Issue that surviv'd him born 1104. she was first married to the Emper our Henry IV. 1110. and after his death to Jeoffry Plantaganet Earl of Anjou 1124. so called from a Sprig of Broom which he wore in his Cap or Bonnet by whom she had King Henry II. His second Wife was Adeliza Daughter of Jeoffry Duke of Lorrain by whom he had no Issue He had seven Natural Sons 1. Robert Earl of Gloucester a Person of great Direction and indefatigable Industry as appear'd by the valiant Assistance he gave his said Sister Maud against King Stephen 2. Richard drown'd with his Brother William 1117. 3. Reinald Earl of Cornwal and Baron of Castle-Combe Nor is there any particular mention of the other Four And as many Natural Daughters Of whom it is only said they were all of them honourably bestowed in Marriage § III. William only Son of Henry I. being lost as before and himself not having Issue by his second Wife he now began to think of setling the Succession and to that purpose call'd another Paaliament 1133. in which all the Lords of the Land took an Oath to be true to his Daughter Maud the Empress and her Heirs and acknowledge them as right Inheritors of the Crown And amongst them IV. Stephen born 1107. Earl of Belogne and Montague Son of Stephen Earl of Blois by Adela third Daughter of the Conquerour was one yet by the working of Henry his Brother Bishop of Winchester the Pope's Legate a Man acceptable to the Nobility at that time altogether govern'd by the Clergy he was set up to the Crown against the undoubted Right of the said Empress and Crown'd on St. Stephen's Day 1135. His first War was with the Scots but during most of his Reign under various Fortune with the said Empress 'till his Children being dead he secur'd the Succession to her Son Henry He died Octob. 25. 1154. in the Forty ninth Year of his Age and Nineteenth of his Reign and had to Wife Maud Daughter and Heir of Eustace Earl of Bologne by whom he had 1. Eustace who died in the Eighteenth Year of his Age. 2. William who died younger His Natural Issue 1. William Earl of Norfolk 2. Gervais Abbot of Westminster who died 1160. V. § IV. To him succeeded Henry II. surnamed Fitz Empress first of the Line of Plantagenet born at Mentz in Normandy 1131. Crown'd King Decemb. 7. 1155. He sought to abate the Power of the Clergy the Effects of which he had felt in the Exclusion of his Mother and advancement of King Stephen but it wrought him great Troubles particularly with Thomas Becket Archbishop of Canterbury touching the Exemption of Clerks from the Secular Power and the Consequence of it stuck to his Family for Sixty Years after He Crown'd his Son Henry King June 14. 1170. in the Seventeenth Year of his Age Sent Strongbow Earl of Chcapstow into Ireland in the same Year who planted the first Colony of English in Wexford went over thither in 1172. Conquer'd
it and wrote himself LORD thereof He suffered much by his Sons Henry and Richard The former broke with him 1173. and died 1183. his Father living The other combin'd with the King of France against him 1188. in which also he engag'd his Brother John which so struck to his Heart that he died of Grief in Normandy and rather burst than bow'd to Fortune July 9. 1189. in the Sixty first Year of his Age and Thirty fourth of his Reign His Wife was Eleanor Daughter of William Duke of Acquitain divorc'd from Lewis VII King of France by whom he had three Daughters 1. Maud married to Henry Duke of Saxony 2. Eleanor to Alphonso VIII King of Castile 3. Joan to William King of Sicily And six Sons 1. William who died young 2. Henry of whom before married to Margaret Daughter of Lewis VII King of France but died without Issue 3. Richard who succeeded his Father born 1155. 4. Jeoffry Earl of Britain married to Constance Daughter of Conan Earl of Richmond by whom he had Arthur Earl of Britain Angiers and Richmond 5. Philip who died young 6. John who succeeded his Brother Richard His Natural Sons 1. William surnam'd Longespee or Long-sword Earl of Salisbury in right of his Wife Ela Daughter and Heir of William Earl of that Place 2. Jeoffry Archbishop of York who after a five Years banishment by his Brother King John died 1213. Both by Rosamond 3. Morgan Provost of Beverly Bishop Elect of Durham By the Lady Blewet VI. Richard I. born at Oxford 1155. surnam'd Coeur de Lycn succeeded his Father and was Crown'd Septemb. 3. 1189. He made an Expedition into the Holy Land the same Year and in his return through Austria was imprison'd by the Emperour Henry VI. to whom he resign'd his Crown nor yet discharged without the payment of 100000 Marks which was accepted notwithstanding the large Profers of the King of France and his Brother John to have him detain'd Upon his coming home he was Crown'd a second time and made War with France where he was slain with a barbed Arrow by one Bertram at the Siege of Chalons in Limosin April 6. 1199. in the Forty fourth Year of his Age and Ninth of his Reign He had to Wife Beringuel Daughter of the King of Navarre but died without Issue After him VII John surnamed Sans Terre born 1166. youngest Son of Henry II. notwithstanding the just Right of Arthur his elder Brother's Son by the means of Hubert Archbishop of Canterbury obtain'd the Crown and was Crown'd by him upon Ascension day 1199. On this Arthur made War upon him in Anjou besieged Mirabel defended by Eleanor Mother of King John who raised the Siege defeated Arthur took him Prisoner and had him murdered in Prison 1202. He lost at that time Normandy to the King of France who took part with Arthur after a Three hundred Years possession by his Ancestors Upon the death of Hubert Stephen Langton a Cardinal being impos'd on him for Archbishop of Canterbury is refus'd by him 1207. The Monks of Canterbury accept him the King expels them as Traitors The Kingdom is interdicted 1208. himself excommunicated 1210. and his Kingdom given to the King of France 1213. He submits and surrenders his Kingdoms of England and Ireland to Pope Innocent III. and became his Feudatory for them at the yearly Tribure of a thousand Marks payable to the said Pope and his Successors does Homage and Fealty for them to Pandulphus his Legate gives up his Crown to him and receives it again two days after This Charter bore date May 15. 1213. and was casually lost by fire at the Council of Lyons but never were any Monies paid upon it or ever demanded since 1366. 40th Edward III. at what time also it was refused He was absolv'd from his Excommunication the same Year and the King of France upon pain of like Excommunication forbidden to proceed further against him as having submitted himself to the Church and the Jurisdiction which had now lasted six Years or better releas'd Yet his Barons cease not to infest him and force two Charters from him to wit Magna Charta and Charta de Foresta 1214 which the Pope nulls and excommunicates the Barons They on the other hand bring in Lewis the King of France his Son who landed May 1. 1216 whom Guallo the Pope's Legate excommunicates In 1210. he erected the Mayoralty of London and further granted to them to have two Sheriffs and a Common Council And notwithstanding all Turmoils at home setled Ireland and brought the English Laws and Coin into that Kingdom and died Octob. 19. 1216. in the Fifty first Year of his Age and Seventeenth of his Reign and as some have said by Poison He had three Wives his first was Alice Daughter of Hubert Earl of Morton He was divorc'd from his second the Daughter of Robert Earl of Gloucester upon the score of Consanguinity and married Isabel Daughter and Heir of Ailmer Earl of Angolesme by whom only he had Issue three Daughters and two Sons His Daughters 1. Joan married to Alexander II. King of Scots 2. Eleanor to William Earl of Pembroke and afterwards to Simon de Montford Earl of Leicester 3. Isabella to the Emperour Frederick II. His Sons 1. Henry who succeeded him in the Kingdom 2. Richard Earl of Cornwal Crown'd King of the Romans 1257. died 1274. As also three Natural Children 1 Joan married to Llewellin Prince of Wales 2. Jeoffry Fitz-Roy who serv'd in France 3. Richard who married the Daughter and Heir of Fulbert de Dover VIII To him succeeded Henry III. born 1208. Crown'd in nine days after the death of his Father and committed to the Tutelage of William Earl of Pembroke Great Marshal of England by whose prudent Management several of the most eminent Barons for sook Lewis and return'd to their Allegiance and with the rest of the Kingdom that stood firm to their young King drove him from place to place and at last gave him a total Rout upon which he came to an Accord and quitted the Kingdom In the Ninth of his Reign he confirm'd the Charters granted by his Father which afterwards he endeavour'd to rescind as done in his minority The most of his Reign was full of Troubles with his Barons headed by the late mention'd Simon de Montfort a French Exile but got into that favour that he was made Earl of Leicester and married the King's Sister as before yet with the Earl of Gloucester and others he fights the King at a place call'd Lewis where they made him and Prince Edward his Son Prisoners 1264. They quarrel about the Dividend The Prince makes his escape 1265. Gloucester joyns him and gives Leicester Battel in which the latter is slain After which the King liv'd seven Years approv'd himself a wise Prince and died Nov 16. 1272. in the Sixty fifth Year of his Age and Fifty sixth of his Reign He had to Wife Eleanor second Daughter of Raymond Earl of
of Perth 1618. and both ratified by an Act of Parliament of that Kingdom But what by reason of the Palatinate War and his own Death it went no further in his time And King Charles was so taken up at home that he was forc'd to deferr the finishing it 'till he came into Scotland where he was Crown'd May 18. 1632. And in a Parliament which fate soon after he caus'd an Act of Ratification of all that had been done by his Father to be propos'd which not without strong opposition was carried by the far greater Number And after his return for England he order'd the Dean of his Chapel-Royal at Edinburgh That the English Liturgy with its usual Ceremonies should be used in his said Chapel On this the Presbyterian Scots insinuate to the People That this was a Design to subject the pure Kirk of Scotland to the Superstitions of the Church of England And the Lords and Gentry who fear'd nothing more than that they should be forc'd to surrender possess'd them That Scotland was to be reduc'd into a Province and Govern'd by a Lord Lieutenant as was Ireland And thâ—doz'd into a Belief that their All was at stake what was there on which their Drivers might not run a heedless Multitude And now the Dutch seeing the King's handâ— full not only encroach'd upon the Britâ—â—â— Seas by their frequent Fishings but began 〈◊〉 dispute the Right of the Dominion in 1634 which the King being resolv'd to maintain and having several Precedents for Ievying a Naval Aid upon the Subjects by the sole Anthority of the King by a Writ under the Great Seal when the Good and Safety of the Kingdom is in danger the King by Letter under his Signet Feb. 12. 1636. consults the Judges in it who all of them Twelve in number return'd their Opinions under their Hands That theKing might do it and in case of refusal compel the doing it by Law And that the King is sole Judge both of the Danger and when and how the same is to be prevented and avoided However Two of them Hutton and Crook afterwards retracted what they had so formally given under their Hands which was the cause of no little Trouble in the Kingdom the Sound of which was not long ere it reach'd Scotland albeit upon the solemn Arguments of all the Judges in the Exchequer-Chamber touching this matter Judgment was given for the King The King as has been said had order'd â—he English Liturgy to be us'd in his Chapel-Royal at Edinburgh which at the Request of â—he Scots Bishops having been amended to their â—wn Model was agreed to by the King and â—ent back into Scotland and by the Bishops â—nd Lords of the Council of that Kingdom â—rder'd to be read in the Great Church July 23. 1637. Upon the very opening of which there â—rose such a Tumult of Stools and Cudgels thrown at the Dean the Reader 's Head that â—he Provost and Bailiffs of the City had much â—do to suppress Nor fared it better in several other Churches where by the like Command it was also read and from one thing to another ran to that heighth that Protestations being grown too strong for Proclamations they enter into a Confederacy and bind it with a Covenant for Maintenance of the King's Person and Authority but how in Defence of the Gospel of Christ and Liberties of the Kingdom of which themselves were Judges and the mutual Defence of each other against all Persons whatsoever Whereupon the Marquiss Hamilton is fent thither to compose the Differences but with no effect For notwithstanding all the King's Condescentions they could neither be brought to acknowledge they had parted from their Obedience nor renounce their Covenant than the least Tittle of which they declar'd they would fooner renounce their Baptism And thereupon took upon them a Power of convoking a General Assembly in which they first depriv'd all the Bishops and soon after abolish'd the Order it self seiz'd the King's Castles and ran into Arms but finding the King upon the Borders with a powerful Army and themselves better prepar'd for a Treaty than a Battel a Pacification is made July 17. 1639. And upon promise of future Loyalty the King pardons them But alas the Core was not got out and the Ulcer rather skinn'd over than heal'd for the King had scarce come to London ere they broke all their Articles and apply to the King of France to favour their Proceedings and give them his Assistance On which the King calls another Parliament which open'd April 13. 1640. and instead of taking the King's Business in hand or the least notice of this Insolence of the Scots ran to that heighth against Ship-Money Knighthoods and the Actions of divers Ministers of State though done by the King's Warrant that they were dissolv'd May 5. following And now the Scots who had form'd an Intelligence with some of the English Nobility and Gentry and consequently assur'd of being favour'd by them when it came to a Point take Arms again and publish a Declaration Not to lay them down 'till Religion was setled in both Nations and the Causers and Abettors of their present Troubles the Prelates and their Adherents but more particularly the Archbishop of Canterbury and the Earl of Strafford were brought to publick Justice in Parliament which also they desire may be call'd And thereupon march into England where notwithstanding their giving out That they would take nothing without ready Money they charge those adjacent Parts with Eight hundred and fifty Pounds a Day Nor had the King been so negligent all this while but that by the help of his better-affected Subjects he met them with an Army sufficient to have reduc'd them had it come to a Battel or had he not been over-persuaded out of it into a Treaty at Rippon he had probably prevented those ill Consequences that follow'd the slipping that Opportunity However it ended in a patch'd Agreement for the present and gave the King the advantage of being assur'd of the Earl of Montross's Fidelity to him and readiness to serve him On which the King calls a Parliament which met at Westminster Novemb. 3. the same Year And hitherto was but the beginning of Sorrows The Parliament thus met the King declar'd his earnest Desires for the Welfare of the Kingdom desired them as he promis'd he would to lay by all Prejudice and he would freely put himself upon the Love of his Subjects Will'd them to consider of the best way for the Safety and Security of England First in chasing out those Rebels who had invaded it and next for satisfaction of Just Grievances And as freely leaving it to them where to begin clos'd with this That it should not be 〈◊〉 Fault if this were not a good and happy Parliament And truly great might have been the Hopes concerning this Parliament had they not begun a Note too high to make any Confort For first an Impeachment was sent up from the Commons against
which in contempt of one of its Members was call'd Praise God Barebone's Parliament and they held it 'till December the same Year 4. From that time it was in the hands of Cromwel with the Title of Lord Protector 'till September 1658. 5. After him his Son Richard had it as Successor to his Father 'till he was turn'd out by the Army in April 1659. and then for a Fortnight together it lay no-where 6. The May following the Rump got it again and held it 'till they were turn'd out by Lambert the same Year And here also for some time together it lay no-where 'till 7. The Council of Officers erected A Committee of Safety with like Supremacy and they held it 'till General Monck having declar'd for restoring the Rump Lambert march'd against him but being deserted by his Army Fleetwood writes to the Speaker Lenthal to desire him and the rest of the Members to return to the Exercise of their Trust And the General on the other hand having put his into such hands as favour'd his Design march'd towards London 8. On this the Rump resumes the Government Decemb. 26. and by a Letter of Thanks to Monck acknowledge the Restitution to their Authority was to be acknowledged to his Fidelity Case and Courage And yet he had not been long in Town ere they began to grow jealous of him and therefore for fear he might joyn with the City who had now declar'd they would pay no more Taxes 'till the Parliament were fill'd up they sent him into the City to break down their Gate c. which he accordingly did return'd his Army to their Quarters about Westminster and receiv'd the Thanks of the House Yet this did not so satisfie the Jealousie of a Commonwealth but that they press'd the Oath of Abjaration of the Royal Family to him which he took time to consider of But the next Morning march'd his Army into the City and joyn'd with them for having the House fill'd up 9. On this the Members that had been secluded the House in 1648. were restor'd Feb. 21. 1659. and they having constituted General Monck Captain General of all the Forces in the Three Kingdoms annull'd the former Council of State and appointed another and abrogated the Engagement and Oath of Abjuration dissolv'd themselves March 17. But before their rising sent out Writs for New Elections to meet April 25. 1660. In the mean time the Rumpers ply the General with their last effort and proffer him the Supreme Command of the Kingdoms as a single Person Which he answered to this purpose That for that matter it was submitted to the coming-Parliament nor should it be said of him That â—e bad run foul of that Rock on which Cromwel â—ad so lately split himself The Day being come the Lords as well as â—he Commons met in their respective Houses when having each of them received a Letter from his Majesty with a Declaration inclos'd the Lords resolv'd by Vote That they declare That according to the ancient and fundamental Constitution of this Kingdom the Government is and ought to be by King Lords and Commons To which the Commons agreed and each of them dispatch'd their several Answers â—o the said Letters superscribed To the King 's most Excellent Majesty And having caus'd Him to be solemnly proclaim'd May 8. they sent six Lords and twelve of the Commons to attend his Majesty and desire his return to the Exercise of his Kingly Office Which â—he accordingly did and landed at Dover the 25th and rode through London to Whitebal the 29th being his Birth Day and Thirtieth Year of his Age. Thus by the Conduct of one Man with a raw Army of not above Six Thousand was the Monarchy delivered from a Twelve Years Usurpation defended by at least Sixty Thousand Veterans strengthened with most of the Alliances of Europe and which adds to â—it without Blood a Stratagem perhaps not yet extant in History He was the Great Grandson of Sir Thomas Monck of Potheridge in the County of Devon by Frances one of the Daughters and Coheirs of Arthur Plantegenet Viscount Lisle of whom before in memory of which the King created him Duke of Albemarle Earl of Torrington Baron Monck of Potheridge Beauchamp and Teyes And so being come to our own Times is may seem needless to add further saving that the King was Crown'd April 23. 1661. and died of an Apoplexy Feb. 6. 1684. His only Wife and Relict was Catharine Daughter of John IV. King of Portugal now living by whom he had no Issue XXVII To King Charles II. succeeded his Brother James Duke of York c. who upon his first coming to the Crown profess'd Himself a Catholick with this Displeasure nevertheless That he could not alter the Religion as it was by Law establish'd He together with his Queen were Crown'd April 23. 1685. Nor was that scarce over when Two Rebellions the one in Scotland the other in the West of England broke out upon him and were defeated In the Year 1688. he publish'd A Declaration for Liberty of Conscience so far as it disturb'd not the Peace of the Kingdom Which so heated the People who yet had all along CONTENDED for it that having sent his Queen and young SON into France he follow'd Them not long after His first Wife was Anne Daughter of Sir Edward Hide Earl of Clarendon c. Lord Chancellor of England who died before he came to the Crown by whom he had Four Sons 1. Charles Stuart Duke of Cambridge born Octob. 22. 1660. died May 5. 1661. 2. James Stuart Duke of Cambridge born July 12. 1663. died June 20. 1667. 3. Charles Stuart Duke of Kendal born July 4. 1666. died May 22. 1667. 4. Edgar Duke of Cambridge born Sept 14. 1667. died June 8. 1671. And as many Daughters 1. Marie born April 30. 1662. married to William Henry Prince of Orange who were both Crown'd King and Queen April 11. 1689. The Executive Power in Him 2. Anne born Feb. 6. 1664. married to Prince George of Denmark August 7. 1683. 3. Henrietta born January 13. 1668. died Nov. 15. 1669. 4. Catharine born Feb. 9. 1670. died Decemb 5. 1671. His Second Wife Mary d'Este Daughter of Alphonso d'Este III. Duke of Modena Crown'd as before and had Issue by her Two Daughters 1. Catharine born Novemb. 7. 1674. died Octob. 3. 1675. 2. Isabel born Aug. 28. 1676. liv'd not long AND 1. Charles Duke of Cambridge born Nov. 7. 1667. died Decemb. 12. following c. Of the Augmentations of the Family of ENGLAND § VIII ITS First was when William the Conquerour joyn'd Normandy to the Crown of England 1066. Henry II. Conquer'd Ireland and in like manner united it 1172. Edward I. Wales 1283. Edward II. in Right of his Wife Isabel Daughter of Philip the Fair King of France brought in Aquitain and Ponticu And in the same Right Edward III. took upon him the Title of King of France and was the first of the English Kings that
Death bears date 1611. in the sixty first Year of his Age. The first Wife he married was Anne Mary Daughter of Lewis Elector Palatine by whom he had a Daughter named Catharine living at his Death married to John Casimire Count Palatine of Deux-Ponts and by that match Grandmother of the present King His second Wife's name was Christina Daughter of Adolph Duke of Holstein who bore him Two Sons and as many Daughters viz. 1. Christina deceased in her Infancy 2. Gustavus Adolphus of whom more in the next Sect. 3. Mary Elizabeth married to John Duke of Finland And 4. Charles Philip Duke of Sudermanland deceased 1622. § III. Gustavus Adolphus who succeeded his Father was born in the Year 1594. and Crowned King of Sweden 1617. Two years after his Father's Death he made Peace with the Danes An 1613. and with the Muscovites the same Year he was Crown'd He continued the War with the Poles and reduced all Liffland in the Year 1625. making Prussia Regal the seat of War In 1630. he made an Expedition into Germany for suppressing the Enemies of the Reformed Religion where he was slain at the Battel of Lutzen Nov. 16. 1632. leaving Issue by Mary Eleanor Daughter of John Sigismund Elector of Brandenburg only a Daughter the Princess Christina who under the Regency of her Mother carried on the War in Germany by her General Charles Gustavus of Deux-Ponts her Father's Sister 's Son In the mean time the Danish War broke out a fresh till a Peace was again concluded with 'em in the Year 1645. As also with the Emperour and his Confederates In 1648. she changed her Religion and turned Catholick and taking her way thro' France went for Rome where she continued till the day of her Death which was in the Year 1689. on April 9. Old Stile § IV. Hereupon the Government fell to Charles Gustavus as next of Blood being Son to Catharine Gustavus Adolphus's Sister as hath been already said He was Crown'd King of Sweden June 16. 1654. and immediately ingaged in a War with the Pole wherein by the assistance of his Ally Frederick William the Great Elector of Brandenburg he made himself Master of almost all Poland and Prussia In the mean time the Muscovites make an Incursion into Liffland and the Danes invade Bremen both which he opposed with good success He departed this Life Feb. 13. 1660. leaving by Hedewig Eleanor Daughter of Frederick Duke of Sleswick Charles the Eleventh the present King at the Age of five Years to succeed him Who being educated under the Government of his Mother and the Nohility by the Mediation of the French King concluded the Peace of St. Olives in the first Year of his Reign 1660. with the Emperor the King of Poland and his Serene Highness the Elector of Brandenburg Afterwards making an Alliance with the French he had a fresh War with the Danes as also the Elector of Brandenburg and his Allies especially with the Duke of Brunswick and Lunenburg till Peace was once more restored by the Treaty of Nimeguen In 1680. he settled the Monarchy and revoked all Grants of the Crown Demeans made to this or that Family by any of his Ancestors and the same Year married Ulrica Eleanora Princess of Denmark by whom he has Issue 1. Hedewig Sophia born June 26. 1681. 2. Charles Prince Royal born June 17. 1682. 3. Ulrick Eleanor Jan. 21. 1688. as for Gustavus Ulrick and Charles Gustavus they were both short liv'd § V. It remains we say something of Sigismund the Third King of Poland who left Two Sons 1. Uladislaus the Fourth his Successor in that Kingdom who brought the Muscovites to such terms as made 'em Surrender to the Poles whatever they had taken from them till that time nevertheless died without Issue May 20. 1648. And 2. John Casimire Jesuit and Cardinal who upon his Brother's decease was by a dispensation from the Pope Elected and Crowned King on the 17th of January in the same Year yet afterwards abdidicated the Government and resumed his Monastick Habit being the last of the Swedish Race in Poland Of the Augmentation of This Family § VI. IT has been already observ'd how Gustavus of Wasa was the first of the present Royal Family of Sweden He was Crowned in 1523. and at the same time had Sweden properly so called put into his Possession together with Nord-Land Gothland Finland and whatever else appertained at that time to the Kingdom of Sweden In 1578. the Soldiers of Liffland put themselves with their Families and Effects under the Protection of Erick King of Sweden which was afterwards confirmed by the Peace concluded at the Monastry of St. Olives in Dantzick by which Peace all Livonia beyond the Dwina was adjudged to the Swede for ever Article the 4th Sect. 1. In 1618. Gustavus Adolphus by the Peace then made with the Muscovite gained the Russian Carelia and Ingermanlands In 1648. the hither Pomerania with the Isle of Rugen c. were yielded up to the Swedes as were also the City of Weismar Dutchy of Bremen and Principality of Ferden by the Instrument of the Peace of Osenburg Art 10. By the Peace of Roschild concluded with the Danes 1658. there was an Accession to this Crown of Halland Schenen and Bleking together with the Government and Citadel of Babuys all which was ratified by the Treaty of Nimeguen Of its Decrease § VII THere is scarce any Instance to be given in this Family of any diminution suffered by It unless the Inhabitants of Ingermanland's leaving their Native Country and retiring into Muscovy with their Families and Effects be looked upon as One and therefore can have no Claims were it not that the present King of Sweden has a just pretension to the Dutchy of Deux-Ponts taken from his Family by the French King CHAP. VI. Of the House of Portugal § I. HOw Portugal then called Lusitania together with all Spain became first subject to the Roman Government how the Goths beat out the Romans and established themselves there how afterwards about the Year 714. the Moors and Saracens after a total defeat given Roderick the last King of the Goths made themselves Masters in a manner of the whole Country the brevity of our design will not permit us to discourse at large If any are desirous to be acquainted with the particulars of these Transactions let 'em consult the famous Pufendorf and those other Authors mentioned by Beckman in the first Chapter and first Section of his Civil History 'T is sufficient for us to know that towards the latter end of the Eleventh Century Alphonso the Sixth King of Castile had very frequent and bloody Wars with the Moors in which a certain Prince named Henry descended as some say from the House of Burgundy as others from that of Lorain was chiefly signalized for his Valour and good Services to the Crown King Alphonso in reward of his Merit gave him Portugal then lately recovered from the Moors under the Title of
Matthias King of Hungary In his Reign PRINTING was first found out the League of Schwaben confirm'd and Constantinople taken by the Turks His Empress was Eleanor Daughter to Edward King of Portugal who bore him five Children whereof Christopher John and Helena died in their Infancy The two that surviv'd were Cunigunda given in Marriage to Albert the Fourth Duke of Bavaria and Maximilian the First in whom the House of Austria was preserv'd was born at Naples in the Year 1459. From his Infancy he pronounc'd his Words with so much difficulty that he was judged by most little better than dumb which Imperfection he so far master'd in the end that he became famous for his Eloquence He was of a generous Disposition and a great Lover of learned Men. He was often under very dangerous Circumstances but always surmounted 'em happily in the end In 1486. he was elected King of the Romans his Father Frederick being yet alive He refus'd to be Crown'd by the Pope but pretended to the Papal Dignity himself In short he magnified Justice loved Humility exercised Clemency and took much pains in searching out the Original of his Family In his Reign the Reformation was set on foot by Luther the Imperial Chamber instituted the Empire divided into Circles Vienna restor'd to the House of Austria and Burgundy and the Provinces of the Low Countries annexed to the same Family The Consorts of his Bed and Fortunes were Mary Daughter and sole Heiress of Charles Duke of Burgundy and after her Blanche Mary Daughter of Galeazzo Duke of Milan By the first he had Issue Margaret who after many turns of Fortune was in the end made Governess of the Netherlands and died 1530. And Philip a Prince worthy the noblest Character of whom more immediately in the next Section As for Maximilian being full of Days and Content he piously and peaceably departed this Life on the Twelfth of Jan. 1519. § VII Philip the First styled The Delight of Mankind first saw the Light in 1478. At three Years old he was installed Knight of the Golden Fleece At seventeen his Father gave him the Government of the Low Countries and Burgundy In 1496. he married the Princess Johanna eldest Daughter and Heiress of his Catholick Majesty Ferdinand King of Spain in whose Right he became immediately possess'd of the Kingdoms of Arragon and Castile But he was not long to preside over so many and so great Provinces being taken off by an untimely death in the Year 1506. and the 28th of his Age nevertheless having first seen himself Father of a fair Issue by his most beloved Consort Queen Joan. The Daughters were 1. Eleanor married first to Emanuel King of Portugal and after his decease to Francis the First King of France 2. Isabella married to Christianus the Second King of Denmark which prov'd a very unhappy Match She died in the Low-Countries An. 1525. 3. Margaret married to Lewis the Infant King of Hungary and after his unhappy death made Governess of the Netherlands 4. Catharine born after her Father's decease betrothed to John Frederick Elector of Saxony but afterwards married to John the Third King of Portugal His Sons were Charles the Fifth and Ferdinand the First betwixt which two Princes there was a Division of the Provinces whence the House of Austria became likewise divided into the Spanish and German Lines And first for the Spanish Of the Spanish Line § VIII THe Author whereof was Charles the Fifth born at Gaunt in Flanders in 1500. At fourteen Years old he had the Government of the Netherlands given him at sixteen he was Crown'd King of Spain at nineteen elected Emperour and Crown'd the Year following at Aix la Chapelle In 1521. he held his first Dyet at Wormes He had very great Wars with Francis the First King of France whom he defeated and made Prisoner in the Year 1525. He likewife seized Rome and besieged the Pope in his Castle there and annexed the Dutchy of Milan for ever to his House In 1532. at a Dyet then held at Ratisbonne the Protestaut Confession of Faith was exhibited and publickly read before him Some Years after he had Wars with the Protestants wherein he took John Frederick Elector of Saxony Prisoner in 1545. and thereupon transferred the Electoral Dignity from him to Maurice Duke of Saxony He likewise caused Philip Landtgrave of Hesse to be put in custody yet in the end concluded the Peace of Passaw with those of that Religion in 1552. Three Years after he abdicated the Government leaving the Empire to his Brother Ferdinand and the Kingdom of Spain with the Low-Countries and its other Dependencies to his Son Philip. After his Abdication he retired to a Cloyster in St. Justus's Monastery in Spain where having spent about two or three Years he piously and peaceably ended his days 1558. leaving Issue by Isabel Daughter of Emanuel King of Portugal one Son and two Daughters viz. Mary married to the Emperour Maximilian the Second Joanna to John Infant of Portugal and Philip the Second of whom more in the next Section Besides these he had one natural Daughter named Margaret begotten on Madamoiselle de Plumbes and married to Alexander de Medices Duke of Urbin and after his decease to Octavio Farnesse Duke of Parma As also a Son by Madamoselle de Blomberg namely the most Valiant and Renowned Hero Don John of Austria § IX But to return into our way The only Heir of Charles the Fifth was Philip the Second born 1527. made King of Sicily and Naples 1543. King of England and Ireland in right of his Wife 1554. Lord of the Low-Countries and Duke of Milan 1555. and last of all King of Spain 1556. He obtain'd the famous Victory of St. Quintin over the French but soon after lost Calice to them He was Author of the Spanish Inquisition Moreover he lost seven of the Low-Country Provinces as also the famour Armada sent against the English In 1580. he overcame the Kingdom of Portugal and by force of Arms caused himself to be Crown'd King thereof His first Queen was Mary Daughter to John the Third King of Portugal his second another Mary Daughter to Henry the Eighth King of England and then Queen of that Kingdom his third Isabella or Elizabeth a Daughter of Henry the Second's King of France and his fourth Anne Daughter of the Emperour Maximilian the Second By the first he had Prince Charles born 1565. deceased in Prison 1568. By the third Isabella Clara Eugenia born 1566. married to Albert the Seventh of Austria deceased 1633. and Catharine born 1567. and married to Charles Emanuel Duke of Savoy on the Eleventh of March 1585. By the last a Son of his own Name viz. Philip the Third born 1578. in whose Issue the Spanish Line was continued He succeeded his Father in his Kingdoms in 1598. And in 1610. expelled nine hundred thousand Moors and Jews out of Spain His death bears date 1621. His Queen was Margaret Daughter
to Charles Archduke of Austria who bore him eight Children whereof three died in their Infancy The rest were 1. Anna Maria Mauritia married to Lewis the Thirteenth King of France 1615. deceased July 3. 1640. 2. Mary Anne married to the Emperour Ferdinand the Third 1631. deceased May 13. 1646. 3. Charles a Prince of the Noblest Vertues but taken off by a too untimely Fate 4. Ferdinand Cardinal and Governour of the Netherlands deceased 1641. And 5. Philip the Fourth surnamed Dominicus Victor succeeded his Father in 1621. and took on him the Government at the Age of sixteen He lost the American Plate-Fleet He enter'd into a perpetual Alliance with the States of Holland He concluded the Pyrenaean Peace with the French And in short was an unfortunate Prince during the whole course of his Reign He had two Wives Elizabeth Daughter to Henry the Fourth King of France who bore him seven Children but all of 'em either died young or in their Infancy except Maria Theresia married to Lewis the Fourteenth the present French King in 1660. since deceased July 30. 1683. His second Match was with Mary Anne Daughter to the Emperour Ferdinand the Third by whom he had Issue 1. Margaret Theresia married to Leopold the present Emperour in 1666. deceased March 20. 1673. And 2. Charles the Second the present King of Spain born Nov. 6. 1661. who succeeded in that Kingdom at the death of his Father Philip in the Year 1665. In 1679. he took to Wife Mary Louise Daughter of Philip Duke of Orleans who dying without Issue in 1689. he the same Year married Mariae Anna Daughter of Philip William Elector Palatine the present Queen All which being thus fully explain'd we now come to the German Line Of the German Line § X. PRoceed we therefore to speak of the other Son of Philip the First as Authose of the German Line His Name was Ferdinand born in Spain 1503. Crown'd King of Hungary and Bohemia in right of his Wife 1527. Elected King of the Romans 1531. and Emperour in 1556. He had great Wars with the Turks as also with the Protestants He permitted the Bohemians to Communicate under both kinds His Empress was Anne Daughter to Uladislaus King of Hungary Sister to Lewis the Infant The day of his death happen'd in the Year 1653. and sixtieth of his Age after he had had this following Issue 1. Elizabeth born 1526. married to Sigismund King of Poland 1545. 2. maximilian born Aug. 1. 1527. 3. Anne born 1528. married to Albert the Fifth Duke of Bavaria deceased Octob. 18. 1587. 4. Mary born May 15. 1530. married to William Duke of Juliers 1546. deceased 1584 5. Magdalen profess'd a Nun. 6. Catharine born Sept. 25. 1533. and married to Francis Duke of Mantua and after his decease to Sigismund Augustus King of Poland She died 1572. 7. Ferdinand II. Archduke of Austria born 1534. 8. Eleanor born Nov. 2. 1534. She was married to William Duke of Mantua and died 1604. 9. Margaret another Nun deceased 1566. 10. John born 1538. deceased the Year after 11. Barbara born 1539. married to Alphonso II. Duke of Ferrara 1565. deceased 1572. 12. Charles born June 3. 1540. 13. Ursula deceased an Infant 14. Helena who went into a Nunnery And 15. Joanna born 1547. married to Francis Duke of Florence 1565. deceased 1578. As for the three Sons Maximilian Ferdinand and Charles they had their Father's Territories divided amongst 'em by which division Maximilian obtain'd Hungary Bohemia and Austria Ferdinand had Tyrol and Alsace and Charles Stiria and Carinthia Of these we shall speak a-part in their proper places § XI Maximilian II. was crown'd King of Bohemia Sept. 20. 1562. and of Hungary on Sept. 8. in the following Year He was likewise elected King of the Romans in the aforesaid Year 1562. and Emperour in 64. He was a pious just peaceable Prince and no great Enemy to the Protestants He had Wars with Solyman Emperour of the Turks brought Gunbrachius and his Complices to condign punishment and did by no means approve of the Massacre at Paris He departed this Life at Ratisbonne having had fifteen Children by his Empress Mary Daughter to Charles V. whereof six died young The rest were 1. Anne born 1549. married to Philip II. King of Spain 1570. deceased 1580. 2. Rudolph II. born June 18. 1552. who succeeded his Father in the Empire Octob. 12 1576. and carried on the War with the Port. In 1595. he lost Raab but it was recover'd three Years after by Rudolph Count Swartzburg In 1569. he lost Erla also Kanisa in 1600. and Gran in 1605. He died a Batchellor at Prague Jan. 10. 1612 and left a vast Treasure behind him 3. Ernestus II. born June 15. 1553. And made Governour of the Low-Countries by the King of Spain 1594. which Dignity he scarce enjoy'd a full Year by reason of his death which fell out soon after 4. Elizabeth born 1554 married to Charles IX King of France 1570. deceased June 2 1592. 5. Matthias born 1557. who succeeded his Brother Rudolph in the Empire being elected at Francfort June 13. 1612. On Decemb 4. 1611. he married Anne Daughter to his Uncle Ferdinand Archduke of Austria nevertheless died without Issue 1619. 6. Maximilian III born Octob. 12. 1558. In 1587. he was Crown'd King of Poland but being afterwards defeated and imprisoned by the contrary Faction was forced to quit his Pretensions to that Crown to obtain his Liberty In 1596. he fought a Battel with the Turks not far from Erla where he was routed with his whole Army He was also Grand Master of the Teutonick Order and died in 1620. 7. Albert VII born Nov. 13. 1559. and created Cardinal of the Holy Cross but quitting his Orders was afterwards made Governour of the Netherlands by the King of Spain and married Isabella Clara Eugenia Daughter of Philip II. nevertheless died without Issue July 13. 1621. 8. Wenceslaus Knight of Malta born 1561. deceased Nov. 7. 1578. 9. Margaret a profess'd Nun deceased 1633. aged sixty six § XII The second Son of Ferdinand I. Emperour was Ferdinand II. as was already observ'd a Prince eminent for his Courage who notwithstanding he had many advantageous Matches offer'd him refus'd 'em all and married the Lady Philippina Welseriana Daughter of Free Baron of Xinnenberg by whom he had Issue 1. Andrew Bishop of Brescia and Cardinal deceased Nov. 11. 1600. 2. Charles Marquess of Burgovia deceased without Issue 1618. notwithstanding he had married the Princess Sibilla of Juliers 3. Anne married to the Emperour Matthias at Vienna Decemb. 4. 1611. deceased Decemb. 14. 1618. 4. Anne Catharine a Nun. He had three Children more but they died in their Infancy § XIII Matters thus clear'd we now proceed to speak of Charles third Son of the Emperour Ferdinand I. in whose Issue the Austrian Family in Germany was preserv'd In the division of the Hereditary Provinces aforesaid he had Stiria Carinthia and Carniola for his Patrimony and took to
Wife Mary Daughter of Albert V. Duke of Bavaria who bore him fifteen Children whose Names were as followeth 1. Ferdinand born and dead the same Year viz. 1572. 2. Anne born 1573. married to Sigismund King of Poland 1592. deceased 1598. 3. Maria Christina born 1574. and married to Gabriel Bathor Prince of Transylvania 1595. but getting to be divorced from him return'd home became a Nun and died 1621. 4. Catharina Renata born 1576. deceased a Maid 1595. 5. Elizabeth born 1577. deceased 1586. 6. Ferdinand III. born 1579. of whom more in the next Section 7. Charles born 1579. deceased the Year after 8. Gregoria Maximiliana born 1581. contracted to Philip III. King of Spain but died before the Marriage could be consummated 1597. 9. Eleanor born 1582. She was profess'd a Nun and died 1620. 10. Maximilian IV. a Prince of great Courage born 1583. deceased 1616. 11. Margaret born 1584. married to Philip III. King of Spain 1599 deceased 1611. 12. Leopold IV. born Octob. 9. 1586. elected Bishop of Strasburg and afterwards of Passaw viz. 1607. But being rather of a Martial than Ecclesiastical Temper quitted his Orders by a Dispensation ' from the Pope 1626. took to Wife Claudia Daughter of Ferdinand I. Grand Duke of Tuscany Frederick Ubald Duke of Urbin's Widow and died 1632. leaving Issue 1. Isabella Clara born 1629. married to Charles III. the present Duke of Mantua 1640. deceased 1685. 2. Ferdinand Charles born 1628. In 1646. he married Anne Daughter to Cosmus II. Duke of Florence and died Decemb. 30. 1662. leaving Issue two Daughters viz. 1. Claudia Felicitas born May 30 1653. married to Leopold the now Emperour Octob. 15. 1673. since dead April 8. 1676. 2. Mary Magdalen born 1656. deceased 1669. 3. Sigismund Francis born 1630. elected Bishop of Anopburg 1640. promoted to a Red Hat 1655. and Bishop of Trent four Years after Nevertheless he quitted his Orders by a Dispensation from his Holiness and design'd a Marriage with the Princess Mary Hedewig of the Palatinate but died in 1662. before the consummation thereof 4. Maria Leopoldina born 1632. married to the Emperour Ferdinand III. deceased Aug. 9. 1649. 13. Constance born 1588. married to Sigismund King of Poland 1605. deceased 1631. 14. Mary Magdalen the Wife of Cosmus II. Great Duke of Tuscany born 1589. deceased 1631. And 15. Charles born after his Father's decease in the Year 1590. Elected Bishop of Breslaw in 1608. of Brescia in 1614. and a little after Grand Master of the Teutonick Order He died 1625. § XIV We now return to Ferdinand III. according to our Promise in the last Section Crown'd King of Bohemia June 21. 1617. of Hungary 1618. and the Year following Elected and Crown'd Emperour Aug. 30. at Francfort being the second Emperour of this Name In 1620. he suppress'd the Tumults then raging in Bohemia by force of Arms He also had Wars with the Protestants The Year following he proscribed Frederick V. Elector Palatine and beat him out of his Territories transferring at the same time the Electoral Dignity from him to Maximilian Duke of Bavaria He was twice married first in 1600. to Mary Anne Daughter of William V. Duke of Bavaria and twenty two Years after to Eleanor of Mantua Duke Vincent's Daughter By the first he had two Daughters that lived to be of Age viz. 1. Mary Anne married to Maximilian Elector of Bavaria deceased Septemb. 8. 1665. And 2. Caecilia Renata to Casimire King of Poland She died March 13. 1644. As also two Sons viz. 1. Ferdinand IV. born July 13. 1608. And 2. Leopold William born 1612. Elected Bishop of Strasburg and Passaw In 1643. he was defeated by Torstenson at the Battel of Leipsick and died Novemb. 10. 1661. § XV. Ferdinand IV. who succeeded in the Government of the Empire upon his Father's decease was Crown'd King of Hungary in 1025. of Bohemia in 1627. of the Romans 1636. and last of all Emperour in 1637. by the Name of Ferdinand III. He carried on the War with the Swede In 1639. he lost Brisac In 1648. he restor'd Peace to the Empire by the Instrument of the Peace of Osnaburg He also made a Twenty Years Truce with the Turk but assisted the Pole against the Swede His first Wife was Mary Anne Daughter of Philip III. King of Spain deceased May 13. 1646. His second maria Leopoldina Daughter to the Archduke Leopold V. And his third Eleanora Gonzaga Daughter of Charles Duke of Mantua whom he left a Widow but since dead 1686. Himself departed this Life April 2. 1657. having had Issue by the Princesses aforesaid as follows 1. Ferdinand V. born Sept. 8. 1633. Crown'd King of Bohemia 1646. of Hungary 1647. of the Romans 1653. being the Fourth King of this Name but died the next Year which was the Twenty first of his Age to the great Grief of his Father and all good Men. 2. Mary Anne born Octob. 12. 1634. married to Philip. IV. King of Spain Nov. 7. 1649. The now Dowager of that Kingdom 3. Philip Augustus born 1637. deceased 1639. 4. Maximilian Thomas born 1638. deceased the Year following 5. Leopoldus Ignatius Franciscus Balthasar Josephus Felicianus born June 9. 1640. of whom in the next Section 6. Mary born and dead the same Year viz. 1646. 7. Charles Joseph Bishop of Passaw Grand Master of the Teutonick Order and Bishop of Breslaw born 1649. deceased 1664. 8. Teresa Maria Josepha born 1652. deceased the Year following 9. Eleanor Mary born May 21. 1653. In 1670. she was married to Michael King of Poland and after his decease taken to Wife in 1678. by Charles late Duke of Larrain 10. Mary Anne Josepha born 1654. married to John William Hereditary Prince Palatine Octob. 15. 1678. deceased April 7. 1689. And 11. Ferdinand Aloisius born 1657. deceased the Year following § XVI Leopold VI. but first Emperour of the Name the most Invincible most Powerful and in one word the most happy Emperour of the Romans was inaugurated King of Hungary at Presburg June 27. 1655. Old Style of Bohemia at Prague Aug. 2. 1656. and Emperour at Francfort July 22. 1658. having been elected on the 11th He had War with the Turks from the Year 1661. to 64. at which time a Truce was made with 'em for Twenty Years which not being well observ'd by the Turks the War broke out afresh which by the Divine Assistance has prov'd in a manner fatal to the Ottoman Empire He has also formerly had War with the French before the breaking out of the present In 1666. he married Margaret Teresa Daughter of Philip IV. King of Spain who died March 20. 1673. Whereupon he took to Wife Claudia Felicitas Daughter to the Arckduke Ferdinand Octob. 15. in the same Year But she likewise died April 8. 1676. he proceeded to a third Choice which was Eleanora Magdalen Teresa eldest Daughter of Philip William Duke of Neuburg and Elector Palatine married to him Jan. 6. 1677. or Decemb 14. 1676. By the first Venture he had Issue
1. Ferdinand Wenceslaus born Sept. 28. 1667. deceased Jan. 13. 1668. 2. Maria Antonia Josepha born Jan. 18. 1669. and married to Maximilian Emanuel Elector of Bavaria 1686. or 5. 3. John born and dead the same Year viz. 1670. And 4. Mariana Josepha likewise born and deceased the same Year viz. 1672. By the second he had only two Daughters both short liv'd viz. 1. Anne Mary born and dead the same Year 1674. And 2. Maria Josepha born 1675. deceased the Year following But by the present Empress 1. Joseph James Ignatius John Antony Eustachius the Joy and Hope of his Parents born July 16. O.S. 1678. Crown'd King of Hungary 1688. 2. Mary Elizabeth Licia Teresa Josepha born Decemb. 13. 1680. 3. Leopold Joseph Philip William Francis Anthony Erasmus born 1682. deceased Aug. 4. 1684. 4. Mary Anne Josepha Antonia Regina born Septemb. 7. 1683. 5. Mary Teresa born Aug. 22. 1684. 6. Charles Francis Joseph Wenceslaus Balthasar John Anthony Ignatius born Octob. 1. 1685. O. S. 7. Mary Josepha Collecta Antonia born March 6. 1687. O. S. And 8. Anne Josepha Antonia Magdalen Gabriele March 26. 1689. O. S. Of the Augmentation of this Family § XVII 'T Is to be observ'd of the Earls of Habsburg That they were not simply such but Soveraign Princes also an Argument whereof is their having Noble men for their Tasters and Cup-bearers Moreover about the time of Rudolph they were possess'd of no less than eight several Counties viz. Habsburg Kyburg Baden Lentsburg Thun Reinsfelden Ruppetswiel and Niddow besides the Landtgraveships or Landtgraviates of Alsace Torgaw and the Lesser Burgundy See Spener's Oper. Herald lib. 1. c. 9. Sect. 62. and Sigismund van Berken c. lib. 1. c. 5. pag. 37. Afterwards Rudolph when he came to be Emperour in 1273. held a Dyet at Ausburg in 1282 where by the unanimous Consent of the Princes of the Empire he had Austria Stiria Vinidorum Marchia and Carniola setled on his eldest Son Albert as also Schwaben on Rudolph as a Fee Farm of the Empire then void In 1324. Albert II. had the County of Pfirte in Dowry with his Wife In 1330. Lewis of Bavaria the Emperour mortgag'd Brisac Schaffhuse and Newenburg in Switzerland to the House of Austria for Forty Thousand Crowns and three Years after gave it the Dutchy of Carinthia then without a Prince to be held in Fee of the Empire In 1363. this Family became possess'd of the County of Tyrol by the Donation of Margaret Maultaschen And in 1366. it bought Freiburg in Brifgow for twelve thousand Crowns In 1373. Leopold II. purchased the Earldom of Feldkirchen in Nebelgovia for six and thirty thousand Florens as also Pludentz Sargan and Heiligenberg and had the Government of Schwaben mortgag'd to him by the Emperour Wenceslaus In 1456 the last Count of Cillei being slain that County was claim'd by the House of Austria as part of Stiria In 1476 or 7. Maximilian I. by a Marriage with the Princess Mary Daughter and sole Heiress of Charles the Hardy last Duke of Burgundy became in her right possess'd of the Earldom of Burgundy or Franche Comté and the Seventeen Provinces of the Netherlands together with a Right to the Dutchy of Burgundy Three Years before this Frederick his Father the Emperour had the County of Goritia or Gortz in Friuli fell to him together with the Cities of Grado Ticect and Zeng on the Adriatick Sea upon the death of the last Count thereof and by right of Agreement to a mutual Succession 'twixt him and that Prince In 1496. Philip I. married Johanna sole Daughter and Heiress of Ferdinand King of Spain and by that Match annexed all Spain the Kingdoms of Naples and Sicily the Islands of Sardinia Majorca Minorca and Malta to the House of Austria In 1527. Ferdinand I. in right of his Wife added the Kingdoms of Hungary and Bobemia with all their Dependencies to the same Family In Charles V.'s Reign there was an Accession of the Dutchy of Milan as a Fief of the Empire then void In 1580. Philip II. partly in pretended right of his Wife and partly by right of Inheritance from his Mother Isabella but chiefty by force of Arms possess'd himself of Portugal as also whatever else the Portuguese then held either in the East-Indies or Atlantick Sea Ferdinand the Second Emperour of the Name wholly reduced the Kingdom of Bohemia together with Moravia Silesia and Lusatia Joseph I. was made King of Hungary by right of Inheritance on the Ninth of December 1687. whereas 'till then that Kingdom had been Elective But more than this the House of Austria has for many Ages now past enjoy'd the Imperial Dignity which indeed can be transferred from it to no other without apparent danger to the whole Empire It is also in some expectance of the Dutchy of Wirtenburg's falling to it See Layritz Palmwald pag. 477. Of its Losses or Decrease § XVIII OF the Cities and Provinces above-mention'd many have again been lost by this Family through the injury of Time And indeed the first Loss suffer'd by it was in the Fourteenth Century at which time the Counties of Habsburg Baden and Kiburg were taken from it by the prosperous Success of the Arms of the Swiss In 1415. by reason of the proscription of Frederick III. mention'd by us Sect. V. Numb 3. it lost the whole Dutchy of Schwaben except some few places namely the Marquisate of Burgow the Counties of Hellenburg Hochbergen Chingen Schelcflingen and the Provincial Government of Schwaben which Countries it stands still possess'd of in that Dutchy In 1472. the Dutchy of Crossen in Silesia was mortgag'd to the Family of Brandenburg and not being redeem'd in due time Joachim I. became fully possess'd of it by an indisputable Title in the Year 1538. In 1501. Schaffbuse was given up to the Swiss In 1529. or 92 rather and the Years following the Turks took many Places in Hungary but most of 'em re-taken some time after In 1572. and in the Years following seven Provinces of the Netherlands withdrew their Allegiance from the Crown of Spain and since that down to the present times the French have made themselves Masters of great part of the rest In 1640. Portugal revolted and set up a King of its own Whereupon Goa likewise and the other Provinces in the East-Indies rejected the Spanish Yoak In 1648. all Alsace was set over to the French See the Instrument of the Treaty of Peace at Osenburg concluded 'twixt the Emperour and French King Sect. Drittens Thun c. In the same Year Brisac and Suntgaw were put into the hands of the French In 1659. the French obtain'd great part of the Spanish Netherlands by the Pyrenaean Peace See the 35th and following Articles By the Treaty of Nimeguen 1678. Friburgh was given up to the French as also the County of Burgundy or Franche Comté together with whatever else as yet remained in Artois In 1684 the French by force of Arms made themselves Masters
of the Dutchy of Luxenburg as well as of the City of the same Name In 1686. the Principality of Swibuse together with the City of that Name was by an amicable Accommodation deliver'd up to the Elector of Brandenburg Last of all the French King breaking the Truce took Philipsburg on the Rhine from this Family Nov. 1. 1688. O. S. Of its Pretensions § XIX THe Pretensions of the House of Austria are 1. To the Dutchy of Burgundy which appertain'd of right to Maximilian I. as having married Mary Daughter and sole Heiress of Burgundy but the then King of France refus'd to invest him on pretence of the Salique Law 2. To Transylvania Moldavia Walachia and Bulgaria as Dependencies of the Kingdom of Hungary 3. To the Counties of Habsburg Baden and Kiburg 4. To the City of Schaffbuse 5. To the Kingdom of Portugal as having actually revolted from that of Spain 6. To the Dutchy of Luxenburg And lastly To the City and Castle of Philipsburg CHAP. II. Of the House of France § I. TO find out the Rise of the present House of France we are to look back as far as Hugh the Great Duke of France Burgundy and Aquitain Marquess of Orleans and Earl of Paris deceased 956. His eldest Son was Hugh Capet Duke of France Marquess of Orleans and Count of Paris who upon the death of Lewis the Slothful last King of France of the Race of Charlemaigne was by the unanimous Consent of the Peers of France inaugurated King of that Kingdom An. 987. And his Son Robert being in the same Year declared his Successor united the aforesaid Provinces to the Crown His Queen was Aloisia Daughter of William Duke of Aquitain by whom he had Issue Robert aforesaid from his great Piety surnamed The Saint who succeeded in the Throne of France upon the death of his Father in the Year 998. He was also Heir to the Dutchy of Burgundy upon his Uncle Henry's decease and departed this Life himself in 1031. having had two Queens viz. Bertha Daughter of Conrade King of Burgundy and Constance Daughter of William Count of Arles and Provence And by then two Sons namely 1. Henry of whom more in the next Section And 2. Robert Propagator of the Line of Burgundy the which became extinct in Philip Duke of Burgundy An. 1361. And whereas it had spread it self into two lesser Branches viz. that of Montaigue and that of Vienne or Dauphiné yet the first fail'd in Claudius de Montaigue An. 1468. the other in Humbert II. 1358. who seeing himself destitute of Issue made over Dauphiné to Philip of Valois King of France for 40000 Florins and on condition That for the future the eldest Son of France should be styled The Dauphin § II. Return we now to Henry I. Crown'd King of France 1031. The beginning of whose Reign was made uneasie by his Mother for she being desirous to advance his Brother Robert to the Throne stirred up many of the Nobility against him But the Business being decided by a Battel the Victory fell to the juster side His Death bears date 1060. And his Issue by Agnes Daughter of Basilius King of Russia were 1. Philip I. And 2. Hugh Count de Vermandois de Valois de Chaumont and d'Amiens whose Posterity fail'd in Rudolph II. Count de Vermandois c. An. 1158. Philip succeeded his Father at the age of nine Years and was Crown'd King of France An. 1060. His first Queen was Bertha Daughter of Florence I. Earl of Holland whom he divorc'd in 1093. and married Bertrada Daughter to Simon Earl of Montfort By the first be had 1. Lewis VI. but first of this Line surnam'd The Gross born 1081. 2. Henry deceased an Infant 3. Constance married to Hugh Earl of Champaigne and after his decease to Boemund Prince of Antioch By the second 1. Philip Count de Mans who married Elizabeth Daughter of Guy the second Baron of Mont le Herry but died without Issue 2. Florus Father of Elizabeth of Nantes 3. Caecilia married first to Tancred Prince of Antioch and after his decease to Pontius of Tholouse Count of Tripoli in Syria And 4. Eustachia espoused to John Count d'Estampes Of these Lewis succeeded his Father at his decease and was Crown'd King of France in the Year 1108. His Queen's Name was Adelain Daughter of Humbert II. Duke of Savoy who bore him this following Issue 1. Philip deceased sixteen Years old 2. Lewis VII born 1119. of whom in the next Section 3. Henry Archbishop of Reims 4. Robert III. Count de Dreux whose Posterity became extinct in John An. 1590. 5 Philip Archdeacon of Paris deceased 1164. 6 Peter Baron or Lord of Courtnay whose Posterity fail'd in Stephen de Raviers An. 1383. 7. Hugh deceased in his Infancy And 8. Constance married to Raymund Earl of Tholouse § III. Lewis VII surnam'd The Younger was born in 1119. and Crown'd King of France 1131. His first Queen was Eleanor Daughter and Heiress of William Duke of Aquitain whom he divorc'd in 1152. After which she was married to Henry Duke of Normandy who coming afterwards to be King of England did grievously annoy the French King His second was Constance Daughter to Alphonso VIII King of Castile who died in 1159. And his third Alice Daughter of Theobald Earl of Chambagne whom he married in 1161. She died 1205. By the first he had Issue 1. Mary married to Henry Count de Champagne She died 1179. And 2. Alice married to Theobald Earl of Chartres and Blois By the second only a Daughter named Margaret married to Henry eldest Son of Henry II. King of England and after his decease to Bela III. King of Hungary whom she likewise out-liv'd and went in Pilgrimage to the Holy Land in the City of Acres An. 1198. By by the third 1. Philip II. surnamed Augustus born Aug. 22. 1166. 2. Alice married to William Count de Ponthieu And 3. Agnes given in marriage to Comenius Alexius Emperour of Constantinople 1180. and after his death to Theodore Branas Lord of Adrianople Philip II.'s Inauguration to the Crown of France was Nov. 1. 1179. This Prince very much enlarged both the Power and Patrimony of the Crown of France for having overcome John sans Terre or Lack-land King of England he brought Normandy Bretagne Anjon Touraine Poictiers Clermont and part of Aquitain under his Jurisdiction His first Queen was Isabella Daughter of Baldwin IV. Earl of Haynault after whose decease he married Ingeburg Daughter of Waldemar King of Denmark but being afterwards divorc'd from her proceeded to a third Choice which was the Lady Agnes Daughter of Berthold Duke of By the first he had Issue only Lewis VIII born 1187. of whom in the next Section But by the third 1. Philip Earl of Bologne Clermont c. who by Maud Daughter of Reginald Earl of Dammarlin had Issue a Daughter named Joan and married to Scaevola de Châtillon 2. Mary after the decease of her first Husband Philip of Haynault Earl of
Namur re-married to Henry IV. Duke of Brabant She died 1238. § IV. Lewis VIII was Crown'd King of France in 1224. having before this been elected and had Fealty solemnly sworn him as King of England by the Nobility of that Kingdom at London An. 1216. But the English upon the death of King John changed their Minds and return'd to their Allegiance to the young King Henry III. Whereupon despising the Natural INCONSTANCY of that Nation he return'd for France Nor was he long to govern that Realm being taken off by an untimely death in the Year 1226. His Queen's Name was Blanche Daughter of Alphonso IX King of Castile by whom he had nine Children whereof five died young The four that out-liv'd him were 1. Lewis IX surnam'd The Saint born April 25. 1215. 2. Robert Earl of Artois which Branch of the Family wither'd in Charles d'Artois Count d'Eu in the Year 1472. 3. Charles Earl of Anjou and Main born 1220 Crown'd King of both the Sicily's in 1266. or 63. and Titular King of Jerusalem ten Years after His Posterity reign'd in the Kingdom of Naples 'till 1435. in Hungary 'till 1325. and in Poland 'till 1400. 4. Alphonso married indeed yet deceased without Issue As for Queen Isabella their Mother she ended her Life in a Cloyster where she retired after the King her Husband's death Lewis IX was Crown'd King of France in the Year 1226. and very much improv'd the Demesnes of the Crown He took upon him the Croisade and made an Expedition to the Holy Land in which War he was taken Prisoner by the Sarazens after the City of Damieta had surrender'd to him But being ransom'd by his Subjects return'd home After this he ventur'd on a second Expedition but died of the Plague at the Siege of Tunis An. 1270. His Queen was margaret Daughter of Reimund Berengarius Earl of Provence who departed this life 1285. having born him this following Issue 1. Isabella born 1241. married to Theobald II. King of Navarr deceased 1275. 2. Lewis who took to Wife Berengaria Daughter of Alphonso X. King of Castile yet died without Issue 1275. 3. Philip III. surnam'd the Bold born 1245. of whom in the next Section 4. John Earl of Nevers and Valois deceased without Issue 1270. 5. Blanche married to Ferdinand Prince of Castile deceased 1320. 6. Peter Count d'Alençon and Chartres deceased Issueless 1283. 7. Robert V. Count de Clermont and Lord of Bourbon of whom more beneath in the Line of Bourbon Sect. XII as Ancestor in a direct Line of the present French King § V. Philip III. surnam'd the Bold was Crown'd King of France in 1271. A Prince very deficient in most of chose Vertues that should adorn a King given to drink and easily led by those that were about him Surnam'd The Bold not from any true Courage that was eminent in him but because in that fostness of Mind he would yet brutishly expose himself to the greatest Dangers in time of Action His first Queen was Isabella Daughter of James I. King of Arragon who died in 1271. after which he married Mary Daughter to Henry III. Duke of Brabant and departed this Life 1285. The Issue that survived were 1. Philip IV. surnam'd The Fair born 1268. 2. Charles Earl of Valois Anjou c. of whom in the next Section as Author and Propagator of the Line of Valois 3. Lewis Count d'Eureux whose Posterity became extinct in Charles III. King of Navarr An. 1416. 4. Margaret married to Edward I. King of England in 1300. or 1. And 5. Blanche to Rudolph of Austria in the same Year She died 1305. Of these Philip the Fair succeeded his Father and was Crown'd King of France in the Year 1286. He join'd the Kingdom of Navarr to that of France which Kingdom was brought him in Marriage by his Wife Joan together with the County of Aquitain and Territory of Brigen He had a sharp War with the Flemings by whom his Forces were utterly defeated at the famous Battel of Courtray He had also several Contests with the Pope to whom he return'd the famous Answer of Sciat tua Magna Fatuitas Nos in Temporalibus nemini subesse upon his Holiness's pretending to command and direct him in some secular Affairs Moreover the Order of Knights Templars was first abolish'd by his Example and Interest throughout Christendom in the Year 1311. or 7. His Issue necessary to be here mention'd were 1. Lewis X. surnam'd Hutin King of France and Navarr born 1280. Crown'd 1315 or 14. deceased and that without Issue Male 1316. 2. Philip V. surnam'd The Long King of France and Navarr born 1292. Crown'd 1317. or 6. deceased likewise without Issue Male 1321. or 2. 3. Charles IV. surnam'd The Fair King of France and Navarr who had the same fate with his Brethren for he died in 1327 8. leaving his Wife with Child which likewise prov'd a Daughter 4. Isabella married at twelve Years old to Edward II. King of England Jan. 28. 1307. O. S. deceased 1375. Of the Line of Valois § VI. WE now return to Charles Count de Valois d'Anjou du Main d'Alençon and du Perche second Son to Philip the Bold He was thrice married his first Wife being Margaret Daughter of Charles II. King of Sicily His second Catharine de Courtney Daughter of the Emperour of Constantinople And his third Maud Daughter of Guy de Châtillon Count de St. Paul who died 1358. By these he had Issue as followeth 1. Isabella married to John III. Duke of Bretagne deceased 1309. 2. Joan the Wife of William the Good Earl of Haynault Holland and Zealand She died in the Year 1400. 3. Philip VI. of whom in the next Section 4. Charles Count d'Alençon and de Chartres whose Posterity became extinct in Charles Duke d'Alençon in the Year 1512. 5. Margarct married to Guy de Châtillon Earl of Blois 6. Catharine to Charles of Sicily Earl of Tarento 7. Joan to Robert of Artois Earl of Beaumont She died 1363. 8. Lewis Earl of Chartres deceased without Issue An. 1328. 9. Isabella Lady Abbess of Fonteverard 10. Mary married to Charles of Sicily Duke of Calabria 11. Another Isabel married to Peter I. Duke of Bourbon And 12. Blanche to the Emperour Charles IV. She died 1345. § VII Wherefore after the decease of the three Brethren Lewis Hutin Philip the Long and Charles the Fair without Issue Male the Government was setled on Philip de Valois their Cousin-Germain notwithstanding the Claim of Edward III. King of England Son to Isabel eldest Sister of the three last Kings whose Pretensions as the French said were cut off by the Salique Law Nevertheless it was soon after the occasion of a bloody War 'twixt him and King Philip Whose two Wives were Joan Daughter of Robert II. Duke of Burgundy deceased 1348. and Blanche Daughter of Philip King of Navarr who died 1398. By theâ—â— he had Issue 1. John I. surnam'd The Good 2. Philip Duke of Orleans deceased without
Massacre at Paris This Prince had Poets in great esteem and sometimes wrote Verses himself He composed a Poem on Stag-Hunting to which Recreation he was given to a fault Of all his Sanctions that is most remarkable which he publish'd for reforming the Computation of the Year For whereas all other Nations began their Year from the Feast of the Circumcision the French alone commenced theirs from Easter which was alter'd by this King He departed this Life 1574. in the flower of his Age after a long and painful Sickness His Queen was Elizabeth Daughter to the Emperour Maximilian II. who bore him only a Daughter nam'd Mary Elizabeth born 1572. deceased 1578. 6. Henry III. born Sept. 19. 1551. elected King of Poland 1573. Crown'd King of France 1574. murdered by James Clement a Dominican Friar Aug. 2. 1589. leaving no Issue 7. Francis Duke of Alençon and Brabant born 1554. deceased a Batchellor 1584. 8. Margaret married in 1572. to Henry IV. King of Navarre and afterwards of France divorc'd from him 1600. deceased 1615. 9. Victoria and Twins born and dead the same Year viz. 1556. 10. Joan Twins born and dead the same Year viz. 1556. Of the Line of Bourbon § XIII MAtter 's being thus far clear'd and discuss'd we shall now bring Robert V. Son of Lewis IX once more on the Stage having been already mention'd in Sect. 4. Numb 7. His eldest Son's Name was Lewis Count de Clermont and Duke of Bourbon and his Grandson's James de Bourbon Count de la Marche and Ponthieu Constable of France who died in the Year 1362. being Father of John Count de la Marche who succeeded him and begat 1. James II. Count de la Marche King of Naples who died 1438 having had by Beatrix Daughter of Charles III. King of Navarre only a Daughter that surviv'd him namely Eleanor married to Bernhard d'Armanac Count de Pardiac 2. Lewis de Bourbon Count de Vendôme of whom a little below 3. Anne married to John de Berry Count de Montpensier and after his decease to Lewis Barbatus Duke of Bavaria 4. Mary to John de Beine Baron de Croix 5. Charlotte to John King of Cyprus she died 1487. 6. John de Bourbon Baron de Carency whose Posterity became extinct in John de Bourbon Baron de Carency much about the Year 1493. As for Lewis the second Son he begat John de Bourbon Count de Vendôme who was Father of Francis de Bourbon Count de Vendôme born 1470 and Lewis de Bourbon Prince de la Roche sur Yâ—n which Branch of the Family fail'd in Henry de Bourbon Duke of Montpellier An. 1608. Francis the elder Brother departed this Life 1493. having begat Charles Duke de Vendôme born 1489. deceased 1534. This Charles had many Children by Frances d'Alençon Dutchess of Beaumont Francis Duke of Longueville's Widow whereof ten whose Names follow liv'd to be Men and Women viz. 1. Margaret born 1516. married to Francis Duke of Cleves 1538. 2. Anthony Duke de Vendòme and King of Navarre of whom in the next Section 3. Francis Count d'Enghien born 1519. deceased without Issue 1546. 4. Magdalen Lady Abbess of Poictiers 5. Charles born 1523 and promoted to the Cardinalate in 1566. He was likewise made Bishop of Roan and died May 9. 1590. 6. Catharine and Lady Abbesses of Secession and Chelles 7. Renata Lady Abbesses of Secession and Chelles 8. John Duke d'Enghien born 1528. deceased 1557. 9. Lewis Prince de Conde of whose most Noble Progeny we shall speak in the XV. Section of this Chapter 10. Eleaner born 1535. deceased 1611. § XIV We now return to Anthony Duke of Vendôme Son of Charles Duke of Vendôme as is objected just above He was born in the Year 1518. and performed many Noble and great Actions in the Service and under the Auspices of Francis I. and Henry II. Kings of France After the death of his Father in-Law Henry II. King of Navarre whose only Daughter and Heiress Joan d'Albret he had married he possess'd himself of that Kingdom and the Principality of Bern or at least as much of â—em as the Spamards had left him He was more than once in great danger of his Life from the Guisian Faction yet died a natural death in 1562. leaving Issue a Son and a Daughter namely 1. Catharine married to Henry Duke of Lorrain Jan. 30. 1599. deceased 1604. And 2. Henry IV. surnam'd The Great King of France and Navarre born 1553. The Greatness of whose Actions has totally eclipsed the Glory of the most famous Monarch that ever Rul'd in France In the Fifteenth Year of his Age he was Head of the Protestants in France At Nineteen he went to the French Court at Paris being invited to be present at those tragick Nuptials infamous through the whole World for the treacherous and bloody Massacre of so many thousand Innocent and Noble Persons In the same Year he took on him the Title of King of Navarre upon the death of his Mother the Queen He thrice extorted Peace from the King's Party and by the Battel of Courtray 1581. Henry III. being yet alive dissolv'd the League entered into by the Pope the King of Spain and the Guisian Faction for the Confusion of the Protestants After the death of Henry III. he was Crown'd King of France but not 'till 1594. having first profess'd himself a Papist On May 4. 1610. O. S. he was assassinated and stabb'd in Paris by that infamous Villain Francis Ravillac His first Queen was Margaret de Valois Daughter of Henry II. King of France whom he divorc'd After which he married Mary de Medices Daughter of Francis Great Duke of Tuscany deceased 1642. by whom he had Issue as followeth 1. Lewis XIII of whom more in the next Section 2. Elizabeth married to Philip IV. King of Spain 1615. deceased 1644. 3. Christina to Victor Amadeus I. Duke of Savoy she died 1663. 4. Gaston John Baptist Duke of Orleans born 1608. who was twice married his first Dutchess being Mary of Bourbon Daughter of Henry Duke of Montpensier deceased 1627. His second Margaret of Lorrain Daughter of Francis Count de Vaudemont deceased 1672. By these he had four Daughters viz. 1. Anne Mary Dutchess of Montpensier born 1627. now alive and unmarried 2. Margaret Louise born 1645. and married 1661. to Cosmus III. Great Duke of Tuscany 3. Isabella born 1646. and married to Joseph Lewis Duke of Guise in 1667. She is now a Widow 4. Frances Magdalen born 1648. married to Charles Emanuel Duke of Savoy 1663. deceased May 11. 1665. 5. Henrietta Maria born 1609. married to Charles I. King of England May 1. 1625. O. S. deceased July 31. 1669. aged Sixty § XV. Lewis XIII born Sept. 27. 1601. succeeded his Father and was Crown'd King of France Octob. 18. 1610. An excellent Prince had he not given too much way to the Counsels of those two famous Ministers of State Richlieu and Mazarine He never fought but where he conquer'd In
they began to be afraid he was in earnest 'till at last Good Nature prevail'd and he enclin'd to their Petition and took upon him the Kingship June 22. 1483. which is the sum of the three Months and nineteen Days Reign of King Edward V. He was never Crown'd nor married but together with his Brother Richard Duke of York murder'd in the Tower in a short time after XVIII After this Mock-Election Richard III. now no longer Protector was Crown'd King July 6. following with the self-same Provision that was appointed for the Coronation of his Nephew with this addition only That his Queen was Crown'd with him And now the first thing he did was to commit Morton Bishop of Ely who had been secur'd in the Tower to the Custody of the Duke of Buckingham who sent him to a House of his at Brecknock in Wales whence he afterwards escap'd to the destruction of King Richard That done the King made a progress to Gloucester and sent one John Green whom he ' specially trusted with a Letter of Credence to Sir Robert Brakenbury Constable of the Tower the effect of which was to put the young Princes to death which he absolutely refus'd though said he he were to die therefore On this he sent another Letter by Sir James Tyrrel with a Command to Brakenbury to deliver him the Keys of the Tower for one Night which was accordingly done and the Princes murder'd by one Miles Forrest a Fellow flesh'd in Blood before that time and John Dighton his own Groom The Duke of Buckingham had accompanied the King in his Progress but whether it were that the King had been remiss to him in his Promise touching the Earldom of Hereford or that the Duke look'd a-skew on the Crown he had procur'd him the Duke left him at Gloucester but not without large Assurances from the King who doubted nothing less but that he was pleased And so with a merry Countenance and a disgusted Heart the Duke went off to his Charge at Brecknock The Bishop had been a firm Adherer to the House of Loncaster and the Duke had lost his Father and Grandfather in their Quarrel This and the but just Reputation of the Bishop's Experience begat a Familiarity between them which after several broken Discourses off and on came at last to this That they took an Oath of Secresie to each other and the PRESENT USURPATION and Tyranny was the Single Argument The Duke ran over the King's Breach of Faith with him and particularly charges him with the Murder of his Nephews which he had sworn to him never to attempt Nor was the Bishop wanting to give the Flame vent and as Occasion offer'd to add fresh Fuel to the Fire On which it was at last resolv'd between them That the Tyrant be remov'd And for the manner of doing it the Bishop having got within him proposes to him his own Title as Grandchild by the Mother to Edmond Duke of Somerset lineally descended from John of Gaunt and so next Heir to King Henry VI. Which the Duke answer'd by saying He once thought so and had resolv'd on it 'till having better consider'd he remembred That Edmond his Grandfather had an elder Brother John Duke of Somerset whose Daughter the Lady Margaret Countess of Richmond is sole Heir to him and therefore to marry her Son Henry Earl of Richmond to the Lady Elizabeth eldst Daughter of King Edward IV. and there by unite the two Houses of York and Lancaster were the only Expedient to settle the Kingdom The Bishop now was where he would be and therefore for fear the matter should cool proposes a sober Gentleman one Reginald Gray a Servant of the Countess's not unknown to the Duke who should communicate the Affair to such Persons as the Duke should direct Which being approv'd of Gray is forthwith sent for and dispatch'd to the Countess who liked it so well that she sent one Lewis her Physician to acquaint the Queen with it who return'd him to the Countess with this Answer That if her Son Henry would take a corporal Oath to marry her Daughter Elizabeth that all the Friends and Favourers of King Edward her Husband should assist and take part with him Which being agreed to by the Countess she sent Christopher Urswick her Chaplain to her Son in Bretagne and by another way Monies and particular Instructions that he should land in Wales Matters thus disposed and Answers return'd the Duke and the Bishop engage several of the Nobility and Gentry in an Oath of Secresie and every of them prepare Forces to meet the Earl of Richmond and joyn him Yet things were not so closely carried but that King Richard got an inkling of it and therefore ply'd the Duke of Bretagne to whom the Earl of Richmond had open'd his Design to deliver the said Earl into his hands Which he not only refus'd but on the contrary assisted him with Men and Monies During which the Bishop took the opportunity of making an escape into Flanders which fretted the Duke and that the more in regard the King knowing the Duke to be in the head of the Business wrote him a kind Letter thereby inviting him to Court which he excus'd with pretence of Sickness Whereupon the King sent him a peremptory Command which he as determinately answered by word of mouth That he would not come to his mortal Enemy and sent immediately to his Friends to take Arms with him which they accordingly did But before they could join him the Duke's Forces were dispers'd and every Man shifted for himself as he best might Most of the Chief of which got into Bretagne and the Duke to the House of one Banister beside Shrewsbury whom he had bred from his Youth and lov'd and trusted above all Men yet for the hopes of 1000 l. which was set upon the Duke's Head he was betray'd by him and brought to Shrewsbury where he was beheaded without Trial Novemb. 1. the same Year And the Earl of Richmond and such as had gotten over to him were attainted in Parliament 1484. Nor was the Earl idle all this time but applied himself to Charles VIII King of France who liberally assisted him suitable to the Expedition And so the Earl having given the English Nobility his Oath That forthwith after his being possess'd of the Crown of England he would take to Wife the Lady Elizabeth as aforesaid they swore him Fealty and did him Homage and made ready to set forward for England And being inform'd That Richard had gotten the Daughters of Edward IV. into his hand with the Consent of the Queen their Mother and made away his Wife to the intent of marrying the said Lady Elizabeth he made the more haste and with the Earl of Pembroke and the rest put to Sea and landed at Milford Haven the August following and thence remov'd to Hereford where the Country came in to him and a Message from the Town of Pembroke That they were ready to give their
Richard Duke of York King Edward's Son by his Face Gesture and other Lineaments of his Body King Henry during this time was not â—sleep but sent over several Spies under the â—otion of Fugitives by which means he got into Perkin's Councils and came to the knowledge of his Confederates of whom some took sanctuary others were put to death 1493 and amongst them the said Sir William Stanly whom he had made Lord High Chamberlain and that only for saying If he knew the Young-man was the Son of King Edward IV. he would not draw his Sword against him Of which being convicted he was beheaded Feb. 16. 1494. However Perkin deeming he had Force enough yet left put to Sea and attempted to land in Kent but being repuls'd made back to Flanders and thence into Ireland which answering not his Expectation he sail'd for Scotland where he made his Tale so well that James IV. at that time King not only own'd him as Duke of York but married him to the Lady Catharine Gourdon Daughter of Alexander Earl of Huntley his near Kinsman 1495. and the Year following invaded England with Fire and Sword and in a manner wasted Northumberland On which Perkin beseeching him to spare his Subjects the King disgustingly bade him first see if they were his Subjects or not and finding few or none come in to him return'd for Scotland King Henry on this resolving a Revenge on Scotland the Parliament granted him a Subsidy of 120000 l. against the Payment of which Cornwal rebells and under the Conduct of one Flammock a Lawyer came into Somersetshire where they were headed by the Lord Audley 1496. The King of Scots lays hold on the Occasion and invading England again besieges Norham Castle which Fox Bishop of Durham Lord thereof had fortified But being not able to take it suddenly and hearing the Earl of Surrey was on his march near him return'd for Scotland and was follow'd by the Earl when by the Mediation of the Ambassadour of Spain Commissioners whereof the said Bishop was one are appointed to treat between both Kings at Jedard in Sctoland which ended in a Truce With this Condition nevertheless That though the King of Scots could not be persuaded to deliver up Perkin that yet he should discharge him his Protection and Dominions which was accorded and accordingly done 1497. The Cornish men in this time had gotten within four Miles of London where after a great Slaughter their Leaders were taken and executed Yet were not the Rabble so absolutely cut off but that upon their coming home hearing Perkin was gotten into Ireland they sent to him to come and head them which he slack'd not to do and being proclaim'd King by the Name of Richard IV. laid siege to Exeter but hearing the King was marching against him sent his Wife to the Mount in Cornwal whence she was taken and deliver'd to the King and flying away by night himself took sanctuary at Beaudly in Hampshire but finding no possibility of escaping and withal tempted with the promise of pardon he voluntarily submitted himself to 〈◊〉 King's Pleasure who set him in the Stocks upon a Scaffold in the most publick Places of London and Westminster where he confess'd the Impostor and having after that attempted an escape he was arraign'd and convicted Novemb 16. 1499. and on the 23d of the same Month drawn and hang'd at Tyburn And the said Earl of Warwick upon his Arraignment before his Peers as consenting to the same having confess'd the Indictment and throwing himself upon the King's Mercy had Judgment thereupon and was beheaded on Tower-Hill the 28th following And so after fifteen Years imprisonment ended this poor Earl and with him the Name of Plantagenet While matters went thus at home the King of Scots writes to the Bishop That because he had several things touching the Peace of both Crowns which he would communicate with himself only he desir'd him to come into Scotland which with King Henry's approbation he accordingly did and from one thing to another so wrought it that a Match was concluded between the said King of Scots and the Lady Margaret eldest Daughter of King Henry 1501. contracted Jan. 25. 1502. and took effect 1503. the Queen her Mother having died Feb. 11. before Nor had this Match been sooner concluded than the King married his eldest Son Arthur Prince of Wales to the Lady Catharine Daughter of Ferdinand King of Spain Novemb. 14. 1501. After which the Prince not living above five Months his younger Brother Henry afterwards King Henry VIII was created Prince of Wales Feb. 18. 1503. After which besides filling his Coffers the King did little saving the getting into his hands Edmond de la Pool Son of John de la Pool Duke of Suffolk by Elizabeth Sister of King Edward IV. who as pretending to the Crown had not long before fled into Flanders upon the King's Promise nevertheless That he would not put him to death which he observ'd but left it to his Son and died April 22. 1509. in the Fifty second Year of his Age and Twenty third of his Reign A wise politick Prince who having the Three Titles of Lancaster Conquest and his Wife Elizabeth eldest Daughter of King Edward IV. could never be brought to declare by which of them he claim'd He had Issue by her 1. Margaret Tudor born Nov. 29. 1489. of whom before Grandmother of Mary Queen of Scots the Mother of James VI. King of Scots in whom the Kingdoms of England and Scotland were united 2. Elizabeth Tudor born July 2. 1492. died Sept. 14 1495. 3. Mary Tudor born 1498. promised to Charles Prince of Castile afterwards Emperour but upon the death of her Father married to Lewis XII King of France 4. Catharine Tudor born Feb. 2. 1503. but died young His Sons 1. Arthur Tudor Prince of Wales born Septemb 20. 1487. died in his Father's life-time April 2. 1502. 2. Henry Tudor Duke of York born June 22. 1492. and succeeded his Father 3. Edmond Tudor born Feb. 21. 1498. and died the Year following XX. Upon the death of King Henry VII his only surviving Son Henry was the day following proclaim'd King by the Name of King Henry VIII His Father's Funerals and his own Marriage with the Princess Catharine Widow of his Brother Arthur by the Dispensation of Pope Julius II. being over his next business was their Coronation which was perform'd June 24. 1509. and quieting the Clamours of the People touching the matter of Sir Richard Empsom and Edmond Dudley Esq Persons employ'd by Henry VII for compounding the Forfeitures upon Penal Statutes which they had manag'd so ill that being thereof severally convicted they were attainted in Parliament of High Treason and thereupon beheaded Aug. 18. 1510. Howbeit John Dudley Son and Heir of the said Edmond was restor'd in Blood by the same Parliament and towards the latter end of the King made Viscount Lisle and Lord High Admiral of England The New-years day following the
Abbot of Westminster And now Commissioners being appointed for matter of Religion not yet disannull'd by Parliament it came into the Protector 's and Council's mind of a Match that upon the death of King James V. King of Scotland had been treated and concluded by the Parliament of that Kingdom with King Henry VIII for the Prince his Son now King with the Lady Mary their young Queen sole Daughter and Heir of the said James and which by the Contrivance of Cardinal Beaton Archbishop of St. Andrew's was now obstructed to the intent of marrying her to Francis Dauphin of France as it afterwards took effect April 24. 1558. To have prevented this an Army is rais'd and Scotland invaded by Sea and Land where after several Skirmishes the Protector engag'd them at Fauxside and Musleborough whence after a great Slaughter and having secur'd a Footing in the Country he return'd for England the September following But as to the young Queen did so little good that it was doubted Whether this Army and that too for a great part Foreigners was rather rais'd to force a Princess out of her own Country to the Marriage of a Prince not yet ripe for her than to secure himself at home During this and his Brother the Lord Admiral 's absence in Scotland whether it were that the Protector 's Wife could not brook the Queen Dowager Parr her Husband 's the Admiral 's younger Brother's Wife to take place of her or that the Admiral kept not thorough-pace with him there grew such a feud between the Brothers that cost them both their Heads For within a Year and half after their return the Admiral was sent to the Tower and without Trial attainted in Parliament and thereupon beheaded March 20. 1549. Nor had he recover'd this false Step before he made another in slipping an Opportunity that play'd into his hand for the Commissioners having thrown all Images and what thereunto appertain'd out of the Churches and the Parliament abolish'd the Missal and enjoyn'd a New Book of Common-Prayer and Administration of the Sacraments in its room the Cornish Men first and after them Oxfordshire Bucking hamshire Norfolk York and others ran into Rebellion which he fortunately suppress'd and thereby became Master of an Army which he might have wrought to any thing at least crush'd his disguis'd Friend but secret Enemy the Earl of Warwick who had stola the Lords of the Council from him and now jointly impeach'd him as the occasion of the late Tumults and at the same time pray the City and the Commons to aid them to take him from the King Whereupon he is committed to the Tower Octob. 14 following and having not Interest enough to hinder the said Earl from being made Lord High-Chamberlain he tamely submitted to a Marriage between the Earl's eldest Son and his eldest Daughter and got his Liberty for that time But this patch'd Friendship lasted not above two Years for the Earl of Warwick being made Duke of Northumberland and the Lord Henry Gray Marquess of Dorset his Consident Duke of Suffolk Octob. 11. 1551. and now Governing all the late Protector was within five days after again committed to the Tower and convicted of Felony upon a Statute of his own making viz. For purposing and attempting the Lives of the said Northumberland and Suffolk two of the King's Privy-Council which by that Statute was made Felony On which he was beheaded Jan. 22. following And the King left so unguarded by any but themselves and their Creatures that it seem'd no difficulty to bring the Crown into their own Families To this purpose a Marriage is contriv'd between the Lord Guilford Dudley Fourth Son of the said Duke of Northumberland and the Lady Jane Gray eldest Daughter of the said Duke of Suffolk by Frances Daughter of Mary Sister of King Henry VIII of whom before and that so cover'd under the specious Pretence of securing the Protestant Religion against the Lady Mary the King's Sister a Catholick that the King not only further'd it but being in a sickly condition did by his last Will and Testament declare the said Lady Jane Gray to be Rightful Heir in Succession to the Crown of England To which also besides the Lords of the Council all the Judges subscrib'd their Names excepting only Sir James Hales one of the Justices of the Common-Pleas who would neither by Word nor Writing give his Assent to the disherison of Queen Mary Not long after which the King died to wit July 6. 1553. in the Seventeenth Year of his Age and Seventh of his Reign but unmarried and Childless and might perhaps have liv'd longer if he had not been a King Three days after the Lady Jane Gray was proclaimed Queen and the same day the Lady Mary Sister of the last King Edward and eldest Daughter of King Henry VIII sent a Letter to the Lords of the Council thereby claiming the Crown by Right of Succession and requiring them upon their Allegiance to have her proclaim'd Queen Which being sleighted by them she withdrew to her Castle of Fremingham whither several of the Nobility and Gentry repair to her The Council on the other hand dispatch the Duke of Northumberland after her but the Men of Suffolk first and after them those of Oxfordshire Northampton and Norfolk came in so thick to her and six Ships of War declaring for her the Council at London proclaim her Queen the 19th of the same Month left the Duke of Northumberland to shift for himself and secur'd the Lady Jane and her Husband in the Tower XXII Queen Mary a Catholick being thus proclaim'd the Duke of Northumberland was arrested at Cambridge and brought to the Tower and together with the Marquess of Northampton and the Earl of Warwick Son and Heir of the said Duke arraign'd of High-Treason before Thomas Duke of Norfolk Lord High-Steward of England where praying the Opinion of the Court Whether a Man doing an Act by Authority of the Prince's Council and by Warrant of the Great Seal of England and doing nothing without the same may be charg'd with Treason for any thing done by virtue of the same And being answer'd That the Great Seal which he laid for his Warrant was not the Seal of the Lawful Queen of the Realm but the Seal of an Usurper and therefore no Warrant to him he confess'd the Indictment as also did the other two and had Judgment as in Cases of High-Treason Aug. 18. the same Year On which the said Duke was beheaded the 22d and Queen Mary Crown'd Octob. 1. following At which time also she publish'd a General Pardon in which notwithstanding were excepted by Name the Archbishops of Canterbury and York the Bishop of London and others of the Clergy and the two Chief Justices Sir Edward Montacute and Sir Roger Cholmley with other Men of the Law for counselling or at least consenting to the Deprivation of Queen Mary and aiding the aforesaid Duke of Northumberland in the pretended Right of
the before-mention'd Lady Jane who with her Husband were arraign'd and attainted Nov. 3. next ensuing as also was Archbishop Cranmer The beginning of January following the Emperour Charles V. sent over Ambassadours fully impower'd to treat and conclude a Marriage between Queen Mary and Philip Prince of Spain his Son and Heir which afterwards took effect But this Match being not so well relish'd by the Commons nor much better by some of the Nobility it was confederated between them to raise a War rather than suffer such a Change of State as they doubted might follow by the Queen 's thus Matching her self with a Stranger The first that appear'd in it was Sir Tho. Wiat a powerful Man in Kent The occasion thus A near Friend of his one of the Conspirators was committed to the Fleet by the Council for other matters whereupon Sir Thomas suspecting that the Plot was discover'd ran into Arms before the time that had been appointed between them However having gotten a strong Party together he publish'd a Declaration at Maidstone in Kent against the said Marriage and thereby desired his Friends and all English Men to join with him and others to defend the Realm from the danger of being brought in Thraldom to Strangers Whereupon several considerable Persons with their Followers came in to him And the Duke of Suffolk made the like Proclamation in Leicester Nor wanted the Queen on the other hand such as gather'd as fast to suppress them for the Lord Abergavenny having oppos'd him in Kent and Coventry shut their Gates against the Duke of Suffolk there seem'd nothing to the contrary but the Duke of Norfolk by this time gone down against him must have swallow'd him as probably he had done but that 500 of the London White-Coats that went with him revolted and took part with Wiat. Upon which the Duke made what retreat he could and Wiat went on for London but being beaten off at London-Bridge he got over at Kingston and was so encounter'd from Park Corner to St. James's and thence to Charing-Cross and through the Strand that being not able to make further than Temple-Earr where he met a fresh Opposition he deliver'd himself and was sent to the Tower Feb. 7. following and in two days after the Duke of Suffolk The Lord Guilford Dudley and the Lady Jane his Wife behead the 12th and the 23d of the same Month the Duke himself and Sir Thomas Wiat headed and quartered but neither drawn nor hang'd April 11. 1555. his Head set upon the Gallows and his Quarters about the City After which the Marriage between the Queen and Prince Philip of Spain was openly solemniz'd July 25. the same Year and a Parliament open'd Novemb. 12. following in which Reginald Pool Cardinal Legate à Latere from Pope Julius III. not many days before landed in England was restor'd in Blood and the Act of Henry VIII by which he was attainted repealed and the Kingdom reconcil'd and absolv'd the 29th of the same Month but not before an Act had first pass'd for securing Abbey-Lands in the hands of the present Possessors and the Cardinal made Archbishop of Canterbury the March following In the Year 1557. the Queen to compliment her Husband proclaim'd a War against France and at the same time held Callice so unprovided that the Duke of Guise â—in revenge of the Loss of St. Quintin surpriz'd it and took it in a Week's time after it had been in the English possession 211 Years It was said that the Queen was with Child and a solemn Office appointed to be used in all Churches for her safe Delivery but it prov'd a Mola or false Conception of which shedied without Issue Novemb. 17. 1558. in the Thirty ninth Year of her Age and Sixth of her Reign And the same day died the said Cardinal Pool a younger Son of Sir Richard Pool Knight of the Garter by the Lady Elizabeth Countess of Salisbury Daughter of George Duke of Clarence Brother of King Edward IV. and left the Kingdom reconcil'd as hath been said Yet this hindred not but that XXIII The Lady Elizabeth Half Sister to Queen Mary by the Father a Protestant was proclaim'd Queen and Crown'd Jan. 25. following She rescinded whatever the Queen her Sister had done in matters of Religion and proceeded upon what her Brother King Edward VI. had begun Amongst the rest she suppress'd such Religious Houses as were a-new set up by Queen Mary as Sion Sheen Westminster c. This last Monastery was in the Year 1539. surrender'd to Henry VIII who erected thereof a Dean and Chapter and in 1542. rais'd it to a Bishoprick of which he made Thomas Thâ—â—â—bye the first Bishop who prov'd the last also for the Queen made it a College consisting of a Dean Twelve Prebends a Schoolmaster an Usher Forty Scholars Twelve Almsmen and named it the Collegiate Church of Westminster The Reformation of Edward VI. in England had by this time reach'd Scotland which the Queen Dowager by assistance of the French strongly oppos'd and many of the Scots Nobility on the other hand make suit to Queen Elizabeth under the Name of The Lords of the Congregation for her Aid against Popery and them which was readily granted and a considerable Army sent into Scotland 1560. where after various Fortune on either side and the death of the Queen Dowager of Scotland a Peace was concluded between Queen Elizazeth and Francis and Mary King and Queen of France and Scotland about July following immediately after which died the said Francis leaving his Crown to his younger Brother Charles and the said Mary Queen of Scotland Queen Dowager of France who though laid wait for to be intercepted took the opportunity of a Mist and got safely into Scotland 1562. from whence she sent Letters to Queen Elizabeth proffering all observance and readiness to enter into League with her so she might by Authority of Parliament be declar'd her Successor which was but her Right To which the Queen answer'd That though she would no way derogate from her Right yet she should be loth to endanger her own Security and as it were cover her Eyes with a Grave-Cloth while she was alive And here began the Jealousies of State between the two Queens the one doubting her Succession was intended to be frustrated and the other That her Possession might be invaded And yet they kept it so fair with each other that the Queen of Scots being in 1563. follicited by her Uncle the Cardinal of Lorrain to a Marriage with Charles Archduke of Austria with an Offer of the Arrears of her Dowry and a Restauration of the Scots to their former Liberties in France which by the death of her Uncle the Duke of Guise had been broken in case she would adhere to the French against whom the Queen of England had about that time assisted the Hugonots she gives her notice of it and requires her Advice in it Queen Elizabeth on the other hand persuades her to take a
Husband out of England and recommends to her the Lord Robert Dudley whom not long after she made Earl of Leicester withal promising That if she would marry him she should by Authority of Parliament be declar'd her Successor in case she died without Issue But whether it were that she disdain'd the one or that she was loth to make a breach with England by accepting the other nothing came of either But having by the leave of Queen Elizabeth gotten Henry Lord Darnly Son of Matthew Stuart Earl of Lenox by Margaret Douglas Niece of Henry VIII by his eldest Sister out of England upon pretence of restoring him to the Possessions of his Father who had been in England as an Exile now twenty years made him Lord Armanack Earl of Ross and Duke of Rothsey a Dukedom by Birth appertaining to the eldest Sons of the Kings of Scotland married him in five Months after and with the Consent of most of the Peers of Scotland declar'd him King about June 1565. A Person of a Princely Presence and not above Nineteen Years of Age. The Prior of St. Andrew's the Queen 's base Brother but one that more affecting a Temporal Honour than a Spiritual Title had been made Earl of Murray had under-hand dealt with Queen Elizabeth to have prevented this Marriage in excuse of which the Queen was let know She had no reason to be displeased with it inasmuch as she had follow'd her Advice Not to marry a Stranger but an Englishman born Nor perhaps was Queen Elizabeth much troubled at it as knowing the mild Disposition of the Lord Darnly and how little of Strength it added to the Queen of Scots but on the contrary foreseeing it would beget Troubles in Scotland which was the Security of England However it were the Queen of Scots being brought to Bed of a Son June 19. 1566. she sent Queen Elizabeth notice of it who congratulated her safe Deliverance and her Son and was his Godmother and by her and the respective Ambassadours of Charles King of France and Philibert Duke of Savoy gave him the Name of Charles James in whom afterwards in Right of his said Mother the Crowns of England and Scotland came to be united Murray thus disappointed where he least expected complies with the present and strikes in with the yet Inadvertency of the young King and makes a Division between the Queen and him which his Instruments so improv'd with her that whereas before in publick Acts she had used to place her Husband's Name first she now caused it to be placed last and in her Coin began to leave it out quite Nor was the Breach yet so wide but it might have been clos'd again had not Murray created a Jealouâ—ie in him concerning one David Rizie an Italian the Queen's Secretary and told him plainly it stood not with his Honour to suffer him to live which so netled the King that rushing one Evening into the Queen's Chamber when she was at Supper he caused the said Rizie to be dragg'd out of her presence and murder'd of which afterwards the King grew so sensible that he threatned a Revenge upon Murray who had counsell'd him to it which the other prevented in striking the first Blow by procuring the King to be strangled in his Bed his Body thrown into the Garden and the House immediately blown up the Queen whatever the Rumour of the People were least doubitng her Brother Murray And here comes his Master-piece The Earls of Bothwell and Morton had been his Confederates in the Murder and when the Days of Mourning were a little over Murray by himself and his Instruments insinuates to her the danger of the Kingdom by her being thus left alone and advises her to marry some one that might be able to assist her against all her Opposers and after some time recommends Bothwell to her a Person in favour with her and of great Eminence for his Valour To which being destitute of Friends she at last consents provided due respect might be had to her young Son and that Bothwell legally acquit himself of her Husband's Murder Whereupon Bothwell stands his Trial and is acquitted by his Judges On which the Queen makes him Duke of Orkney and by Consent of many of the Nobility marries him 1567. And now Murray is where he would be for having during Queen Mary's abode in France by his Patriarch Knox and his Chaplain Buchannan under PRETENCE of Reformation embroil'd the Kingdom by affirming That Royalty was not tied to any Stock or Kindred but Vertue only whether the Parties were legitimate or not thereby making way to the Kingdom for himself and not being able to have hindred the Queen's second Marriage made a Discord between her and him whom he afterwards murder'd this Murray the same Man that had acquitted Bothwell and not only advis'd but promoted his Marriage with the Queen now takes Arms against her as privy to Bothwell's Murder of her Husband On this Bothwell finding himself out-witted flies into Denmark and Murray seizes the Queen and vilely threw her into Prison in Loch-levyn under the Custody of his Mother the Concubine of James V. but now boasting herself to have been his Wife and her Son his lawful Issue During which time Knox and his Disciples thunder against her from the Pulpits Buchannan with his De Jure Regni apud Scotos and Murray with his armed Logick so terrifie her that she resign'd her Kingdom to her Son scarce Thirteen Months old and made Murray Regent of Scotland during his Minority alledging to Queen Elizabeth for her so doing That she had done it through the Counsel of her-Ambassadour Throckmorton who told her That a Grant extorted from one in Prison which is a just Fear is actually void and of none effect However on this the young King was Crown'd and Murray proclaim'd Regent but the Queen still kept in Prison from whence after Eleven Months imprisonment by the help of one of the Douglas's she makes an escape to Hamilton-Castle where in a meeting of a great part of the Nobility this extorted Resignation of the Queen's is declar'd actually void from the beginning Whereupon Multitudes flock in to her but being undisciplin'd they are defeated by Murray Herself nevertheless making an escape into England landed at Wickington in Cumberland May 17. 1568. having first sent her Servant Beaton to Queen Elizabeth to intimate her Intention with a Diamond Ring also which she had formerly receiv'd from her as a Pledge of mutual Amity Nor was she sooner landed than she wrote her a Letter thereby declaring her Condition and withal desiring she might be conducted to her Presence To which Queen Elizabeth by a Letter sent by Sir Francis Knolles return'd her a comfortable Answer and promised her Aid and Defence according to the Equity of her Cause but deny'd her access for that she was held guilty of many Crimes and therefore order'd her to be brought to Carlisle From thence she seconded her first Letter
further praying That she might have leave to unfold the Injuries she had receiv'd and answer the Crimes objected in her presence withal alledging It was but reasonable that the Queen should hear her and restore her to her Kingdom against those whom when they liv'd in exile for their Offences against her she had fully restor'd at the Queen's Intercession but to her own undoing if not prevented in time Lastly beseeching her That she might have admittance to her and assistance from her or depart out of the Kingdom with her leave to crave aid elsewhere forasmuch as she came into it of her own accord as relying upon her Love so often honourably promis'd by Letters Messages and Tokens Upon this the Queen commiserating her Condition could have found in her Heart to have restor'd her had the Council thought it stood with the Queen's security And therefore the Question was What should be done with her To detain her in England it was to be fear'd those that favour'd her Title to the Crown would leave nothing unattempted to set it on her Head And moreover the Trust of Keepers was very uncertain To send her for France the Guises her Kindred were too powerful and to return her into Scotland those that favour'd the English would be put from their Places the French advanc'd the young King expos'd to danger the Religion chang'd Ireland invaded by the Highlanders and Queen Elizabeth in hazard at home And therefore it was thought best to detain her 'till she had given satisfaction for usurping the Title and Arms of England and anser'd for the Death of the Lord Darnly a Native Subject of the Queen's Yet it had this effect That the Queen sent to Murray and his Confederates to come and answer the Queen of Scots's Complaints and give sufficient Reasons why they had depriv'd her or that she would restore her On which Murray with seven others came to York the Place appointed and were the same Day met by the Duke of Norfolk and two others Commissioners for Queen Elizabeth But the Queen of Scots disdaining to be heard by her Subjects or any thing less than the Queen her self nothing came of it but Words And Murray return'd to his Regency but riding through Lithquo was shot dead by a Hamilton 1569. In whose room was elected by the Lords of Scotland the before-mention'd Matthew Earl of Lenox the young King's Grandfather And now frequent applications having been made to Queen Elizabeth by the Ambassadours of France and Spain for the Delivery of the Queen of Scots but without effect she was Excommunicated by Pope Pius V. Feb. 24. the same Year which occasion'd her many Troubles and at last the death of the Queen of Scots who after an Eighteen Years imprisonment was arraign'd tried and sentenc'd by ' special Commission at Fotheringham-Castle for that pretending a Title to the Crown of England she was privy and consenting to several Treasons tending to the Invasion of England and the Hurt Death and Destruction of the Queen Octob. 25. 1586. And thereupon Infesto Regibus Exemplo as says her Epitaph securi percutitur Feb. 8. following and Forty sixth Year of her Age albeit the King of France and more particularly the King of Scots her Son and several others made strong Intercessions to have sav'd her However the Queen seems troubled at her Death and lays it to the Inconsiderateness of her Secretary Davyson and to that purpose sent a Letter in excuse of it written with her own Hand by Sir Robert Cary whom the King refus'd to set foot in Scotland and with much ado receiving his Letter re call'd his Ambassadour and breath'd nothing but Revenge And yet the Queen gave not over but sending him the Sentence of the Star Chamber against Davyson and an Instrument signed by all the Judges in which they averr That the Sentence against the Queen of Scott could in no wise prejudice his Right in the Succession it so mollified that he made a Vertue of Necessity and chose rather to wait with Patience thâ—n hazard all by an uncertain War with England And now come that Climacterical Year of the World as Astrologers call'd it to wit 1588 at what time there being an actual Treaty then on foot between the Crowns of England and Spain and Commissioners on both sides then sitting upon it near Ostend but made use of by the Prince of Parma only to trifle away time 'till the Spanish Armada came upon the English Coast Philip II. King of Spain makes an attempt upon England with 130 Ships whereof 72 were Galeasses and Galleons in which were 19290 Soldiers besides Mariners and Gally-Slaves to have been join'd by the Prince of Parma with 50000 Veterans But where ever lay the Miscarriage abroad every hand was so at work at home that enobling our Coasts with their mighty Spoils those few of them that escap'd return'd with more Confasion than they set forth with Expectation After which the King of Scots by her Ambassidour Sir Robert Sidney let the Queen know That he had over-pass'd all Injuries and desired a sincere and perfect Amity with her And as an instance of it not only married Anne Daughter of Frederick II. King of Denmark with the Queen 's good liking 1589. But when O Rork having rebell'd against her in Ireland was driven into Scotland he was upon the Queen's Request deliver'd back into Ireland 1590. Nor was there after that any Solemnity of an Embassie ever pass'd between them but as occasion offer'd it was constantly dispatch'd by a private Messenger 'till the day of her death which the Scots had a long time impatiently expected but believ'd never would be while there was an Old Woman alive in England tho' at last it came to pass March 24. 1602. in the 69th year of her Age and 45th of her Reign But never married XXIV § VIII To her succeeded James VI. Kiug of Scotland Grandchild of James IV. King of Scotland by Margaret eldest Daughter of Henry VII King of England who the Male Line being extinct had the indisputable Title to the Crowns of England and Ireland and was thereupon proclaim'd King of England Scotland and Ireland the same Day that the Queen died Of which he had first notice by an unsent Messenger the before-mention'd Sir Robert Cary whom upon his coming into England he some Years after made Baron Leppington And upon a more solemn Address from the Lords of the Council came for England and was together with his Queen Crown'd July 25. 1603. being St. James's Day A little before which there having been several Embassies made to Congratulate their Access to the Crown the King created a Standing Officer for the Reception and Introduction of Ambassadours by the Name of Master of the Ceremonies with the yearly Fee of 200 l. of whom the first was Sir Lewis Lakenor Nor had the King been scarce warm in his Throne when the Lord Cobham and others were arraign'd and convicted of High-Treason for a
any thing The King of Denmark to whom the King had sent born Men and Monies for the recovery of the Polatinate was routed by Tilly the Emperour's General and without a present Supply the Sound was in danger to be lost and the English East-land Trade and Staple at Hamburgh almost given up for gone And now what wonder if the King 's extraordinary Wants put him upon extraordinary Courses He borrows 120000 l. of the City of London for which they had Lands of 21000 l. yearly value assur'd to them and 30000 l. of the East-India Company And for the rest made use of Privy-Seals Loans as such other ways as might enforce a less necessitated Prince to However that a last Extremity might not run him beyond his Natural Inclination he calls a Parliament which open'd March 17. 1627. where he so pathetically laid before them the cause of their meeting which was The Common Danger a Supply proportionable to it The Exigence of Time the just Desence of Friends and Allies And lastly clos'd all with his Hopes of their following that Advice of maintaining the Unity of the Spirit in the Band of Peace that the Commons unanimously voted him Five Subsidies On which the King by his Secretary let them know He would deny them nothing of their Liberties which any of his Predecessors had granted But while the Bill for these Subsidies was preparing the old Leven fermented anew Loans Privy Seals Billeting of Soldiers even in cases of Necessity and Martial Law for keeping them in order was question'd as contrary to Magna Charta which terminated in this That the King gave his Royal Assent to that so-much-talk'd of Petition of Right wherein yet he granted no New Liberties but confirmed the Old with this Declaration concerning the true Intent thereof That the Profession of both Houses in the hammering of the Petition was no ways to entrench upon his Prerogative saying They had neither Intention nor Power to hurt it Of which Intent and Meaning of his in granting the said Petition he commanded all to take notice Especially said the King you my Lords the Judges for to you only under Me belongs the Interpretation of the Laws For none of the Houses of Parlement joint or separate whatever New Doctrine may be rais'd have any Power to make or declare a Law without My Consent And yet this did not so quiet some turbulent Heads of the Commons who would be satisfed with nothing but the Kingdom also bet that they yet remonstrated against several late Miscarriages in Government and concluded with the Duke of Buckingham as the Common Grievance of the Kingdom and tack'd it to the Bill of Subsidies which the King took notice of and withal hearing they were preparing another against Tonnage and Poundage prorogu'd them from June 26. to Octob. 20. 1628. Between which and the said next Meeting the Duke was slain at Portsmouth in the Thirty sixth Year of his Age as he was fetting fail for the Relief of Rochel by one John Felton a discontented Officer of the last Year's Army and the Parliament put of to the 20th of January At what time the Debates running so high against the pretended encrease of Popery and Arminianism and the levying Tonnage and Poundage not yet granted by Parliament The King by Warrant of the Privy-Council sent for several of the Principal Authors of those Disorders Four of which appearing and refusing to answer out of Parliament what they had said and done in Parliament they were committed to the Tower the Parliament dissolv'd March to and such as had not appear'd were apprehended and committed to several other Priâ—â—ns and an Information preferr'd against â—hem in the Star-Chamber to which they deâ—urr'd And in Michaelmas 1629. brought their Habeas Corpus's in the King's Bench and â—â—ov'd to be Bail'd which the Judges allow'd with this That they ought to find Sureties for â—â—e Good Behaviour in that it is a prevention of Damages to the Commonwealth and an Act of Government and Jurisdiction not â—f Law Which being refus'd by them they were remanded And the King waving his Proceedings in the Star-Chamber an Information was exhibited in the King's Bench against Three of them for Words spoken by them in â—he foregoing Parliament falsly maliciously â—nd seditiously as well against the King the Peers of the Realm c. as to raise a Tumult and Sedition subvert the Government and to the intent all the King 's Loving Subjects â—hould withdraw their Affections from Him To this the Defendants pleaded That forasmuch as the Offences are supposed to have been done in Parliament they ought not to be punish'd in any other Court but in Parliament and demurr'd to the Jurisdiction of the Court Which after full Argument on both sides was over-rul'd by the Court and a Day given them to plead further which they not doing Judgment was given against them upon a Nihil dicit That they should be imprison'd during the King's Pleasure not to be deâ—iver'd 'till Security given in Court for the Good-Behaviour and acknowledgment of the Offence and each of them respectively final according to his Condition it being further said by the Judges That Plowden in Queen Mary's time was fined for Words spoken in Parliament against the Dignity of the Queen And it was the Opinion of the Justices iâ— 8. Eliz. That Offences committed in Parliament are punishable out of Parliament The Scots during this time were not idle at home but blew those Coals of Discontent among the People which afterwards fired the three Kingdoms nor wanted there an opportunity at present The Lands of Cathedrals and Religious Houses with the Superiorities and Tithes belonging to them had been by Act of Parliament setled on the Crown but by the Contrivance of Murray and other Regents during the Minority of King James parcell'd among the Lords and Great Men of the Kingdom thereby to make a Party to themseves And King Charles coming to the Crown engag'd in a War and having no Aid from them took a legal course to resume them On which those Occupants that well knew they had no other Title than the Usurpation of their Ancestors combine together to oppose the King in every thing that should be offer'd in Parliament relating to Church-Affairs and because Religion was the best Bait to hook in the People and conceal themselves they centre on that and only wait the Occasion which fell thus King James from his first coming to the Crown of England though he fail'd in his Design of making the English and them into one People had proceeded so far 〈◊〉 bringing the Kirk of Scotland to an Uniformity to the Church of England that he not only setled Episcopacy among them but in the General Assembly of Aberdeen 1616. procured â—n Act for composing a Liturgy or Common-Prayer to be first presented to the King and after his Approbation universally receiv'd through the Kingdom And a Book of Canons which also was further improv'd by that other
Quarter'd the Arms thereof Henry V. Conquer'd most of the Kingdom Henry VI. was Crown'd King of France in Paris 1432. James VI. King of Scotland made an Accesion of that Crown to England 1603. and first Quarter'd the Arms of England and Ireland â—ith those of Scotland Beside which the English have superadded several Plantations in America as Virginia 1584. the Bermudaes 1591. Barbadoes Nowingland 1606. Mary-land about 1632. Jamaica 1656. Besides Nova Scotia one half of 〈◊〉 Christopher's Hudson's Bay Now-York Carclina Pensylvania Several other Places of Trade also in the East-India's and Tangier in Africa 1668. but demolish'd in as not worth the charge 〈◊〉 keeping it Of its Decreasings § IX THe greatest Loss it receiv'd has been from France for whereas about the Year 1432. what by Hereditary Right what by Marriages what by Conquest and Submission of the People it had in a manner the whole Kingdom It lost in 1450. not only its New Acquests but Hereditary Provinces to Charles VII King of France who by means of the Civil Wars between the Houses of York and Lancaster so forc'd the English out of France that they retain'd only Callice which also was lost by Queen Mary 1558. However it yet continues the Title and Arms of France other than which it makes no Pretensions nor have those been set on foot for near 150 Years last past CHAP. IV. Of the House of Denmark § I. THere is nothing more certain than that the Danes have had their peculiar Kings for many Ages past whom Historians generally distinguish by eight Periods See Pontanus's Danish History lib. 7. and Beckman's Civil History c. 5 Sect. 6. The Seventh of these Periods is that of the Suenonidae or English-Danes so called from Sueno or Swain-Ethrick whose Ancestors according to Saxo the Grammarian in the 10th Book of his Danish History had a Bear for their first Progenitors For he says That Ulso who was Sueno's Father had one Ursus or Biorno for his Grandfather begot by the monstrous Copulation of a Wild Beast with a young Virgin About the Year 1346. Woldemar the Third descended of this Family was King of Denmark who after a Peace made with Schmeek Magnus King of Sueden brought the Country of Scandinavia under his Jurisdiction in the Year 1360. afterwards in 1363. he obtained Gotland also upon another Peace then concluded with King Albert. He had also Wars with the Hans-Town and dyed 1375. leaving only a Daughter named Margaret whom he gave in Marriage to Haquin second Son of Erick King of Sweden by whom she had Issue Olaus the Sixth who upon his Father Haquin's Decease which happened in 1380. succeeded both to Denmark and Sweden as well as Norway but dyed an untimely Death seven Years after viz. 1387. Whereupon the Government by the consent of the Nobility of Denmark and Norway return'd to Queen Margaret but the Swedes elected Albertus Duke of Mecklenburgh to be their King with whom Queen Margaret was soon engag'd in a War being provoked thereunto by him wherein proving Victorious and taking him Prisoner caused her self to be elected Queen An. 1396. She adopted for her Successor Prince Erick Son of Uratislaus Duke of Pomerania and Grandson of her Sister Ingeburg Wife of Henry the Second Duke of Mecklenburg by her Daughter Mary who at a Convention of the States held at Calmar in 1397. was elected King of the Three Northern Crowns an Hereditary Union being then made by which it was Enacted that for the future the Three Northern Kingdoms should be Govern'd by one and the same Scepter As for Queen Margaret the Danish Semiramis for so she is often stiled she departed this Life in the Year 1412. After which King Erick not so well acquainted with the Arts of Governing as she had been soon drew upon himself the Odium of his People insomuch that in the Year 1439. he was depos'd by 'em and had his Crowns taken from him chiefly on pretence that he had not observ'd his Promises nor kept his Coronation Oath but rather on the contrary opposed a Free Election by naming Bogislaus Duke of Pomerania to succeed him In his room they substituted Prince Christopher his Sister Sophia's Son by her Husband John Count Palatine of the Rhine and Duke of Bavaria which Christopher died without Issue 1448. notwithstanding he had Married Dorothy Daughter of John Marquess of Brandenburg and by this means put an end to the ancient Royal Family of Denmark § II. In this state of Affairs they Elected Adolph Earl of Holstein to be King but he modestly declined the Crown when offered either out of a consideration of the Infirmity of his great Age or else doubtful what might be the success of the Danish Affairs But withal earnestly recommended to their choice Christian Count Oldenburg his Sister's Son who was thereupon Elected and Crowned King by the unanimous consent of all the Nobility as we shall show more at large in the following § 'T will here be expected we should give some account of the Original of this Family of Oldenburg but indeed it is so hid in the Clouds if we may so say by reason of its great Antiquity that little of certainty can be picked out For altho' it be the common Tradition that it is deriv'd from the Posterity of Witikin the Saxon and namely from the Counts of Ringelheim yet Reinerus Renneccius and others think it most advisable to leave things as they find 'em and affirm nothing in so doubtful a matter However they say that towards the end of the Tenth Century one Otho was Earl of Oldenburg who had a certain wonderful Horn given him by a Spirit or Apparition which is to be seen to this day in the Castle of Oldenburg and that he was Father of John Conrade and Rixa That John begat Huno the Glorious Father of Frederick who in the end became a Monk and left a Will by which he made his Cozen Elimar his Heir which Elimar was Son to his great Aunt Rixa by her Husband Hoio Lord of Friezland in Pottenburg and Memmenburg whose Pedigree they also derive from the above-named Witikin That Elimar by Virtue of this Will possess'd himself of the Earldom notwithstanding all the opposition of Milo Count Alvensleb Grand-son of the above-named Conrade and so became the first Count of Oldenburg of his Line Amongst this Princess's Children we find mention made of Elimar the Second who begat Christian the Warlike Father of Maurice by his Wife Cunigund Countess of Locken which Maurice after manifest proofs of his Courage on all occasions retired to a Monastery and was succeeded in the County by his Son Christian the Second Christian the Second had Issue 1. John the First of whom by and by again 2. Otho the Third who by his Charter erected the Town of Delmenhorstan into a City and Founded the Cathedral there An. 1265. 3. Theodorick or Diderick Elected Grand Master of the Teutonick Order in Prussia An. 1335. in the 80th Year of
his Age. John the Eldest of these Three had two Sons I. Christian the Third who in the Division of his Father's Inheritance 'twixt him and his Brother had the County of Delmenherstan for his Patrimony in which he was succeeded by his Son Christian whose Grand-Daughter Adelheid by his Son Otho the Simple was married to Theodorick or Diderick the happy Earl of Oldenburg II. John the Second who in the division aforesaid had the County of Oldenburg settled on him and was Father of Conrade by his Wife Margaret Countess of Lippe Conrade begat Christian the Fifth Canon of Cologne who seeing his Brother Maurice like to die with Issue Male quitted his Canonry and married Agnes of Hohenstein by whom he had 1. Christian the Sixth taken and Imprisoned by the Inhabitants of Bremen and not dismissed but on very hard terms he afterwards died without Issue And 2. Theodorick or Diderick the Happy who by a Marriage with his Cozen Adelheid Heiress of Delmenhorst reunited the two Counties After her Decease he took a Second Wife namely Hedewig Sister of Adolph Earl of Holstein who bore him three Sons Christianus the First born 1425. Maurice and Gerrard § III. Of these Christian the First as has been already observed in the beginning of the last § was elected King of Denmark and Norway in the Year 1448. and ten Years after of Sweden also tho' he lost that Kingdom again in a few Years after He purchased the County of Holstein for 34000. and restored that of Sleswick to the Crown He likewise obtain'd of the Emperour Frederick the Third the Investiture of the Dutchy of Holstein and open'd an University at Copenhagen on the first of June 1479. His Queen was Dorothy the Relict of his Predecessor King Christopher by whom he had this following Issue 1. Margaret given in Marriage to James the Third King of Scotland together with the Isles of Orkney lying in the Northern Seas as security for her Dowry which was to be Fifty Thousand Florins 2. John born 1455. And 3. Frederick of whom more in the next Sect. John succeeded his Father in the Throne and was Crown'd King of Denmark and Norway in the Year 1483. About five or six Years after he reduced Sweden and was Crown'd there also He once more separated the Dutchy of Holstein and Sleswick from the Crown and divided them 'twixt him and his Brother Frederick In 1500 he suffered a great defeat from the Rebellious Inhabitants of Dietmarsh and was also outed by the Swedes some time after In the Year 1513. he departed this Life of a Fever which he took by a fall from his Horse in the Water leaving Issue by Queen Christina Daughter of Ernestus Elector of Sax. only one Son and a Daughter namely I. Elizabeth born 1455. Married to Joachim the First Elector of Brandenburgh 1502. Deceased a Widow 1555. II. Christianus the Second born 1481. The undutiful Son of a most Indulgent Father whose Curse at length he drew upon his Head In his Father's Life-time he was elected to succeed him in his Kingdoms of Denmark Norway and Sweden His Paramour was the fair Columbula whom he kept with a certain Old Woman named Sigberta wholly enslaving himself to her Will He refused the Proposals of a Reconciliation with his Uncle Frederick in the Year 1519. and making an Expedition into Sweden seized on the Capital City of Stockholm caused himself to be Crown'd King and was Author of the bloody Slaughter there Afterwards he was Outed of all his Kingdoms and forced to fly into the Low-Countries from whence returning he was seized and confined by his Subjects and at length ended his Days in 1559. in the Seventy Eighth Year of his Age. The Partner of his Bed and Fortunes was Isabella Sister to the Emperour Charles the Fifth by whom he had only two Daughters that out-liv'd him his Son John dying in the Hungarian Service ' gainst the Turks An. 1532. The Daughters names were 1. Dorothy born 1515 married to Frederick the Second Elector Palatine Deceased 1580. And 2. Christina born 1573 whose first Husband was Francis Storza Duke of Milan and after his Decease Francis Duke of Lorrain She dyed 1590. § IV. We must now look back to Frederick the First elected King of Donmark and Norway in the Year 1523. by the unanimous consent of the Nobility upon their rejecting King Christian This Prince abrogated the Act of Hereditary Union of the Three Northern Cowns in the Year 1524. at a Convention of the States then held at Malmugen He made Profession of the Reformed Religion and after he had thrown out the Monks in 1527. introduced the same into his Countries He was twice married his first Wife being Anne Daughter of John Cicero Elector of Brandenburg who dyed 1521. And his second Sophia Daugher of Bogâ—slans the Tenth Duke of Pemeranta Deceased 1568. By these he had Issue I. Dorothy born 1494. Married to Albert Duke of Prussia Deceased 1547. II. Christianus the Third born 1503. of whom more in the next Sect. III. John Surnam'd The Elder born 1521. Deceased without Issue 1580. IV. Elizabeth Married in 1542. to Magnus and after his Decease in 1556. to Ulrick Dukes of Meckleburg she dyed 1586. V. Anne Deceased of the Plague VI. Dorothy Married to Christopher Duke of Meckelburg in 1573. Deceased 1575. VII Adolph the First Duke of Sleswick born 1526. of whom more hereafter in the Ducal Line of Sleswick VIII Frederick Bishop of Hildesheim born 1529. Deceased Oct. the 27th 1556. § V. Of these Christian the Third succeeded to the Throne about the Year 1537. the beginning of whose Reign was perplexed with many Difficulties all which he Master'd in the end He established the Reformed Religion throughout his Dominions and caused the Holy Bible to be Translated into the Daniso Tongue and above all made it his chiefest care to enjoy a peaceable and quiet Reign He departed this Life 15â—â— leaving behind him the Character and Example of a Devout Peaceable and Excellent Prince By his second Marriage which was with Dorothy Daughter of Magnus Duke of Sax-Lawenburg he had live Children the Daughters being Anne and Dorothy the first Married to Augustus Elector of Saxony the other to Ulrick Duke of Lunenburg The Sons names were 1. Magnus Bishop of Derpte in Livonia who with the assistance of the Russe attempted but in vain the Reduction of Livonta He departed this Life in Poland An. 1585. leaving only a Daughter who being carried into Muscovy by her Mother who was John Basilides the Czaâ—'s Daughter was there Educated and Married to Albert Janowitz Lord High Chancellor of that Country 2. John the Second Progenitor of the Ducal Line of Holstein of whom more in the Eleventh Section And 3. Frederick the Second Eldest of the Three tho' last named who succeeded to the Throne after his Father's Decease in the Year 1559. This Prince gave the Isle of hay to Tycho Brahe that he might the better be at leisure to make
likewise he had the City of Ravel delivered up â—o him by Maurice Wrangel Bishop thereof â—n the Year 1676. Anthony Gunther the last Earl of Oldenburg dying without Issue the present King by right of Inheritance became possessed of the Counties of Oldenburg and Delâ—enborst as also the Lordship of Kniphuse In the Year 1682. there was an accession to this Lrown of the Lordship of Jevern by the Grant of the French King Last of all Christian Adolph Duke of Holstein in Sunderburg was necessitated to part with his Soveraignty to the present King Of its Decrease § IX THe first and indeed the greatest diminution suffered by the Royal Family of Denmark was in the Year 1469. at which time the Princess Margaret was given in Marriage to James the Third King of Scotland together with the Isles of Orkney and Hetland as security for her Portion which was fifty thousand Florins of the Rhine In 1524 the Kingdom of Sweden was torn from it In 1544. at a division then made of Lands in the Dutchy of Holstein 'twixt King Christian the Third and his Brother Adolph the King parted with the Governments of Trictou Oldenburg and Neustadt together with the Monastries of Cismar and Rheinbeck as also the whole Dutchy of Sleswick tho' this last was to be held by Adolph and his Posterity only as a Fife of the Crown In 1564. at another division of Lands then made 'twixt King Frederick the Second and his Brother John the latter obtain'd the Isles of Alsen and Arroe as also the Praefectures or Governments of Ploen Rheinfeld and Arensburg with their Dependencies About the Year 1585. the then King of Denmark lost Oesel as also what-ever else he held in Liffland In 1658. Halland the Isle of Bornholm Schonen and Bleking were set over to the Swede by the fifth Article of the Peace of Roschild As was also the Government of Babuys in Norway with the City and Castle thereof together with the Government of Drontheam and whatever else the Danes had been hitherto possessed of in the Isle of Rugen tho' afterwards by the Articles of Peace concluded on in the Year 1660. Drontheam and Bornhelm were again surrendred to the Danes In 1689. Christian the present King of Denmark restored the Dutchy of Sleswick to Christian Albert the present Duke together with the absolute and independent Sovereignty thereof The same Year in the Month of Aug. the Lordship of Jevern by an amicable agreement was surrendred to the Prince of Anhalt-Servesten Of the Pretensions of this House § X. THe Claims of the Kings of Denmark are to the City of Hamburg as built and enlarged by the ancient Earls of Holstein of the Family of Schaumburg See Harman de Lesbeke Monk of Minden his Chron. Com. Schavenb inter opuscula rerum German Celeberr Henrici Meimbomii And to the Isles of Orkney as Mortgaged to the ancient Kings of Scotland Of the Ducal Line of Holstein § XI IT has been already said in the fifth Section Numb 2. That John Brother of Frederick the Second King of Denmark and Son to King Christian the Third was the first Progenitor of the present Ducal Line of Holstein who being twice Married became the Father of a very numerous Issue which spread it self into the four branches of Sunderburg Nordburg Glucksburg and Pleen Of the Branch of Sunderburg § XII THis Branch began in Alexander born 1573. who in the division of Lands with his Brethren had Sunderburg part of the Isle of Alsen and part of the Peninsula of Sunderwick for his Patrimony Of this Prince's Posterity we shall speak in the first place As for himself he departed this Life in 1627. having had Ten Children by his Wife the Lady Dorothy of Schwartzburg the Sons being 1. John Christian Duke of Holstein in Sunderburg who deceased in the Year 1653 leaving Issue by his Wife the Lady Anne of Oldenburg a Son named 1. Christian Adolph Duke of Holstein c. who now lives at Frantzhagen in Sax-Lawenburg which was his Wife's Portion together with his Son Prince Leopold Christian born 1678. 2. Ernestus Guntherus who lives at Augsburg with his Wife Augusta Daughter to his Uncle Philip Duke of Glucksburg by whom he has had Issue Frederick who now serves in the King of Denmark's Army Ernestus Philip slain at the Siege of Stetin Frederick William Provost of the Cathedral Church at Hamburg Lovise Charlotte married to Lewis Frederick Prince of Holstein in Beck And Ernestus Guntheras who turned his Religion and was made Canon of Colegne 3. Alexander Henry This Prince turn'd Catholick and died in the Year 1667. leaving Issue by his Wife a certain Reform'd Minister's Daughter Three Sons named Ferdinand Leopold Provost of the Cathedral at Breslaw Alexander Rudolph Canon of Bleslaw and Amuzen And George Ernestus Lieutenant General in one of the Imperial Armies 4. Augustus Philip who purchased the Castie of Beck where he died An. 1675 leaving Issue Sophia Lovise married to Frederick Count de Bukeburg Augustus Captain of the Guards to his Electoral Highness the Duke of Brandenburg who married Lovise Daughter of Philip Count de Lippe in Bukeburg and died of a Dysentery at the Siege of Bon An. 1689. Lewis Frederick likewise Captain of the Brandenburg Guards married Jan. the 11th 1685. to Lovise Charlotte his Uncle Ernest Gunther's Daughter Maximilian Anthony Gunther and Ernestus Camire 5. Philip Lewis born 1620. who bought the Castle of Wisenburg in Misnia but lives at present in the Castle of Oberkozau in Voightlandt where he begot three Sons whose names are 1. Frederick Lieutenant-General amongst the Imperialists who took to Wife Charlotte Dutchess of Lignitz by whom he has Issue Leopold born Jan. the 12th 1674. 2. Charles Lewis Captain of the Guards to the Landtgrave of Hesse And 3. William Christian born 1661. a Captain in the Elector of Saxony's Forces Of the Branch of Nordburg § XIII THe second Son of John Duke of Holstein was Frederick Propagator of the Branch of Nordburg who changed this Life for a better An. 1658. his Children being 1. John Bugislaus born 1629. deceased a Batchellor 1680. 2. Christian Augustus who twice Travelled over Palaestine and highly approv'd himself in the Wars by his good Services to the Dutch and English 3. Rudolph Frederick Colonel in the Dutch Forces who married the Countess Bibiana Daughter of Sigismund Sifrid Count de Promnitz the Baron de Lippe's Relict deceased 1685. having born him a Son and a Daughter namely Sophia Henrietta born 1682. and Ernestus Leopold 1684 both which are brought up in the Court of Wolfembuttel He himself died in November 1688. 4. Elizabeth Juliana born May the 24th 1634. and married to Anthony Ulrick Duke of Brunswick and Lunenburg 1656. 5. Dorothy Hedewig formerly Lady Abbess of Gandersheim but turn'd Catholick and married Christopher Count de Ranzan And 6. Lovise Amaena married to John Frederick Count de Hohenlob in the Year 1665. Of the Branch of Glucksburg § XIV THe Third Son of Duke
an Earldom together with his natural Daughter Theresia to Wife nevertheless with this condition that he should continue a Vassal to Castile This Prince's Son was Alphonso the First who throwing off the Spanish Yoak and having subdued several petty Kings of the Moors caused himself to be Proclaimed King of Portugal about the Year 1139. And departed this Life 1185. leaving for his Successor Sanctius the First Father of Alphonso the Second who died in the Year 1223. and was succeeded by Sanctius the Second who dying without Issue in the Year 1246. the Crown fell to his Brother Alphonso the Third This Alphonso had Algarve given him in Dowry with his Queen the Princess Beatrix Daughter of Alphonso the Tenth King of Castile and was Father of Denys of whose eminent Vertues and great Actions the Pertuguese to this day relate Wonders It was he that Founded the University of Coimbra and died in the Year 1325. His Son was Alphonso the Fourth who begat Peter or Pedro Father of Ferdinand King of Portugal who after many bloody Engagements with the Moors ended his days without Issue in the Year 1333. § II. Hereupon followed an Interregnum of almost two Years continuance when by the unanimous consent of all the Nobility John the Bastard natural Son of Peter mentioned in the precedent Section was Proclaim'd King and had Issue 1. Henry born 1401. 2. Peter Duke of Coimbra put to death by his Nephew King Alphonso the Fifth in the Year 1449. 3. Ferdinand taken Prisoner by those of Barbary and carried into Africk where he died 1443. 4. Henry who first discovered the Madera Island in 1420. and died 1460. 5. Alphonso the Bastard Duke of Braganza a natural Son deceased 1461. Edward the Eldest who succeeded in the Throne married Eleanor Daughter of Ferdinand King of Castile and died of the Plague in the Year 1438. leaving Issue Two Sons 1. Alphonso the Fifth born 1432. And 2. Ferdinand Infant of Portugal and Duke of Visco deceased 1470. Alphonso the Fifth at his Father's death ascended the Throne and had sharp and frequent Wars with the Moors as also with Ferdinand the Catholick King of Castile His Death bears date 1481. at which time he was succeeded by his Son 1. John the Second who notwithstanding he had taken his Cousin-Germain the Lady Eleanor Daughter of Ferdinand Duke of Visco to be his Queen yet had he no Issue that out-liv'd him his only Son Alphonso coming to an accidental Death in the Year 1491. whereas himself Surviv'd till 1495. Look we back therefore to Ferdinand Duke of Visco and his Posterity whose Male Issue were 1. James Duke of Visco put to death in the Year 1484. by his Cousin-Germain King John the Second 2. Emanuel 1469. § III. This Emanuel after the Death of King John the Second was Crowned King of Portugal in the Year 1495. He expelled the Moors out of his Countries and obliged the Jews to profess the Christian Faith He subdued great part of the East-Indies and planted Brasil with Colonies from Portugal His first Queen was Isabel Daughter to his Catholick Majesty Ferdinand King of Spain His second Mary Isabella's Sister And his last Eleanor Daughter of Philip the First King of Spain married afterwards to Francis the First King of France By the first Lady he had Issue only one Son Prince Michael who had he liv'd wou'd have Heired all the Spanish Territories But by the second and third Venture 1. John the Third the no less happy Successor of a Fortunate Father born 1502. married to Catharine Daughter of Philip the First King of Spain by whom he had Issue John Infant of Portugal deceased before his Father who died not till the Year 1557. At which time there was surviving of the Body of John Infant of Portugal by Joan his Wife Daughter of Charles the Fifth Emperour and King of Spain Prince Sebastian a Child about Three Years of Age born 1554. who succeeded his Grand-Father John the Third in the Kingdom of Portugal This unfortunate Prince some Years after making a descent upon Africk perished there with his whole Army Aug. the 4th 1578. 2. Isabella born 1503. married to Charles the Fifth Emperor and King of Spain 1526. deceased 1593. 3. Henry born 1512 promoted to a Red-Hat 1546. And afterwards upon the most unhappy death of his Nephew Sebastian to be King of Portugal but died 1580. 4. Edward Infant of Portugal born 1515. deceased 1540. whose Wife was Isabel Daughter of James Duke of Braganza by whom he had Issue Catharine married to John Duke of Braganza whose Grandson became afterwards possessed of the Crown of Portugal as will appear in the next Section 5. Lewis Infant of Portugal deceased 1555. leaving only a natural Son called Antonio who upon the death of his Uncle Henry was elected King 15 But being in the same Year beat out of his Country by Philip the Second King of Spain fled into France and ended his days at Paris An. 1595. § IV. Thus fell the Government into the hands of the Spaniards for Philip the Second partly because he was Son of Isabella Daughter of Emanuel King of Portugal and partly because he had married Mary Daughter of John the Third on these Pretences made himself Master of the Kingdom by force of Arms in the Year 1580. Nevertheless 't was again lost by his Grandson in the Year 1640. for the Portuguese actually rejecting the Spanish Yoak elected John Duke of Braganza to be their King This Prince born March 19. 1604. was descended of the Posterity of Alphonso the first Duke of Braganza who was natural Son of John the First King of Portugal as you may see by looking back to the second Section Numb 5. And his Grand-mother was Catharine Daughter of Edward Infant of Portugal mention'd by us in the precedent Section Numb 4. He governed the State of Portugal from 1640. till 1656. in which Year he departed this Life Nov. 6. His Queen was Donna Lucia Daughter of John Emanuel Perez de Gusman Duke of Medina Sidonia who bore him Issue as followeth 1. Theodosius Infant of Portugal deceased 1653. 2. Catharine born at Villa Vicosa Nov. 15. O. S. 1638. and espoused at Portsmouth by His late Majesty King Charles the Second in the Month of May 1662. 3. Alphonso the Sixth born 1643. who under the Regency of his Mother had sharp Wars with the Spaniards with whom at length he concluded a Peace in the Year 1668. In 1667. he took to Wife the Lady Mary Frances Elizabeth Daughter of Charles Amadeus de Savoy Duke of Nemours who after sixteen Months living with him procured a Divorce and retired to a Cloyster In 1668. he was deposed as judged incapable either of a second Marriage or the Government and sent the Year following to the Tercera Island where he ended his days 1683. 4. Peter born 1648. who upon his Brother Alphonso's being Deposed in 1668. was made first Regent and after his death King of Portugal By a
dispensation from his Holiness he married the Princess Mary Frances Elizabeth his Brother's Wife who departing this Life Dec. 27. 1683. he in 1687. took to Wife the Lady Mary Sophia Daughter of Philip William Elector Palatine He has a Daughter by the first Venture now living viz. Mary Elizabeth born 1669. and in 1689. Contracted to John William eldest Son of Philip William Elector Palatine As for the present Queen she was brought to Bed Aug. 30. 1688. of a young Prince whose date of Life was very short for it died the third of Sept. in the same Year However there is just now arrived an Express whilst we were writing this with the happy news of the Birth of a second Prince born this present October 1689. to whom God grant long Life and happy Success His name is John Of the Augmentation of This House § V. BY what has been already said it plainly appears how Alphonso the First made Himself King of Portugal Afterwards Alphonso the Third obtained the Kingdom of Algarve by way of Dowry with his Queen the Princess Beatrix Daughter of Alphonso the Tenth King of Castile In 1415. John the Bastard possessed himself of the City of Ceuta in Africk His Son Henry discovered the Madera and subdu'd the Fortunate Islands and put his Country-men in Possession of them An. 1620. Alphonso the Fifth took Tangier Arcilla and Alcassar in Africa Emanuel by his General Albuquerque made himself Master of the Cities of Ormus Malaca Cochin and Goa in the East-Indies In Africk he subdued great part of Barbary Guinee Congo the Isle of St. Thomas Mosambique Melinda Mombaza and Zefala as also Brasil in America Moreover the Portuguese hold the City of Maoco situate in an Island not far from China as also the Azores Islands the chiefest of which is Tercera Of its Decrease § VI. THo' Portugal for some considerable time acknowledged the Spanish Government yet it was restored to it self in the Fortieth Year of this Century Since which time little or no Encroachments have been made on it by any King or State except the Hollanders whose East-India Company have by little and little wrested from the Portuguese in a manner all they were possessed of in those Parts some few Places excepted From all which it is plain that This Family has Pretensions to no other Places but those taken from it by the Dutch CHAP. VII Of the Palatine and Bavarian Family § I. HEnry the Lyon Duke of Bavaria and Saxony of whom we shall make farther mention when we come to treat of the House of Brunswick and Lunenburg being Proscribed and Outed of all his Territories by the Emperor Frederick Barbarossa Otho Earl of Wittelsbach and Scyre was created Duke of Bavaria by the said Emperor in the Year 1180. This Otho begat Lewis Father of Otho the Second Otho the Second married Agnes sole Daughter and Heiress of Henry the Younger Prince Palatine of the Rhine and by reason thereof obtained of the Emperor Frederick the Second the Investiture of that Palatinate together with the Electoral Dignity An. 1227. His death bears date 1253. And his Issue were 1. Lewis the Severe born Ap. 13. 1229. of whom more in the next Section 2. Elizabeth married after the decease of the Emperor Conrade the Fourth her first Husband to Meinhard Earl of Goritia and Tyrole deceased 1270. 3. Sophia the Wife of Albert Count d' Albersberg And 4. Henry born 1235. who had the Lower Bavaria for his Patrimony and married the Daughter of Bela the Fourth King of Hungary by whom he had Issue Three Sons 1. Otho his Successor in Bavaria elected also King of Hungary in opposition to Charles Martel An. 1305. but afterwards taken Prisoner by the Veywode of Transilvania and died 1312. having first regained his liberty and leaving Issue an only Son who was named Henry and taken off by a suddain and accidental death 2. Lewis deceased without Issue 1296. And 3. Stephen Duke of the Lower Bavaria deceased 1â—11 leaving Issue 1st Otho deceased Issueless 2dly Henry who begat John which John took to Wife his Cousin Elizabeth Daughter to the Emperor Lewis of Bavaria but dying without Issue his Father-in-law the Emperor seized on the Lower Bavaria notwithstanding the Pretensions and Protestations of Adolph Elector Palatine the nearer Kinsman 3dly Beatrix married to Henry Earl of Goritia 4thly Elizabeth given in Marriage to Otho of Austria Fifth Son to the Emperor Albert the First And 5thly Agnes who was veiled a Nun. § II. We now return to Lewis the Severe Count and Elector Palatine who elected Rudolph the First Emperor but was afterwards Proscribed himself by Adolph of Nassau the succeeding Emperor yet upon making his Innocency appear was receiv'd again into favour and ended his days at Heidelberg An. 1294. This Prince had Three Wives the first of which was Mary Daughter of Henry Duke of Brabant beheaded by him out of Jealousie Feb. 1. 1256. The second Anne Daughter of Conrade Duke of Glogow deceased 1268. And the third Mechtilda or Maud Daughter to the Emperor Rudolph the First deceased Decemb. 23. 1304. His Issue by these Ladies were 1. Lewis the Second deceased before his Father An. 1290. being accidentally but mortally wounded at a Tournament 2. Rudolph born 1274. of whom more in the next Section 3. Another Lewis of whom we shall treat in the 18th Section as Author of the Bavarian Line 4. Anne married to Henry Landtgrave of Hesse And 5. Mechtilda or Maud to Otho Duke of Lunenburg Of the Palatine Line in particular § III. RUdolph succeeded his Father Lewis in the Palatinate and Electoral Dignity and was Author of the Rudolphine Line whereof mention is made in the Fourth Art of the Instrument of the Peace of Osnaburg This Prince opposed himself to the Designs of the Emperor Albert the First which created him much mischief Nor cou'd he ever agree with his Brother Lewis who reduced him in the end to such extremities as forced him to take Refuge in England where he died in Exile An. 1319. He had to his first Wife Mechtilda or Maud Daughter to the Emperor Adolph of Nassau deceased 1315. And to his second an English Princess of the same name By the first Venture he had Issue that out-liv'd him 1. Adolph the First born 1300. deceased 1327. of whom more in the next Section 2. Rudolph the Second made Elector after his Brother Adolph's decease and being reconciled to his Uncle Lewis of Bavaria the Emperour had the whole Palatinate put into his hands He departed this Life 1353. leaving Issue by his Wife Anne Daughter of Otho Duke of Carinthia only one Daughter of her Mother's name and afterwards married to the Emperor Charles the Fourth 3. Rupert the First who opened the University of Heidelberg in the Year 1346. and after his Brother Rudolph's decease succeeded in the Electoral Dignity He made an Expedition ' gainst the Impostor of Brandenburg who pretended to be Waldomar the late deceased Marquess of that
he had Issue as followeth 1. Elizabeth Lovise Lady Abbess of Hervorden born 1613. 2. Frederick born Ap. 5. 1614. deceased 1661. His Princess was Anne Juliana of Nassan by whom he had Issue only Daughters namely 1. Elizabeth born 1642. married to Victor Amadeus Prince of Anhult 1667. deceased Ap. 17. 1677. 2. Sophia Amalia born 1646. and married in 1678. to Sigfrid Count de Hobenlâ—â— 3. Charlotte Frederica born 1653. and espoused to William Lewis Count Wherefore Frederick dying without Issue Male the Succession to the Dutchy of Deux-Ponts fell to his Consin-Germain Frederick of Landsberg mentioned by us a little above 3. Catharine Charlotte born 1615. married to Wolfgang William Duke of Newburg 1631. deceased March 20. or 21. 1651. 4. Anne Sibilla born 1617. deceased 1641. 5. John Lewis born 1619. deceased 1647. 6. Juliana Magdalen born 1621. affianced to Frederick Lewis Count Palatine in Landsbery in 1644. deceased Marchs 5. 1672 7. Mary Aemilia born 1622. deceased 1641. Now follows John Casimire youngest Son of Duke John the First who Travelled into Sweden where he performed many notable Services for Charles the Ninth King of that Country both against the Poles and Denes In 1615. he married the Princess Catharine Daughter of the said King and died 1652. leaving Issue 1. Christina Magdalen born 1616. married to Frederick the Third Marquess of Baden Durlach deceased 1662. 2. Charles Gustavus born Nov. 8. 1622. to whom Queen Christina gave up the whole Kingdom of Sweden with all its Claims and Dependencies His Queen was Hedewig Eleanor Daughter of Frederick Duke of Sleswick now a Widow by whom he had Issue Charles the Eleventh the present King of whom and his Issue see more above in the Swedish Family 3. Mary Euphrosyna born Feb. 4. 1625. espoused by Magnus Gabriel Count de la Gardie Arch-Drozet of Sweden deceased in Decemb. 1687. 4. Eleanor Catharine the late Relict of Frederick Landtgrave of Hesse in Eschwegen born May 17. 1626. deceased 16 5. Adolph John born Oct. 11. 1629. deceased Oct. 14. 1689. possessed of a very large Estate in Sweden where he married two Wives the first being Elizabeth Beata Daughter of Peter Brahe Earl of Wisenburg deceased 1653. The other Elizabeth Daughter of Nicholas Brahe Erick Count Oxenstern late Lord Chancellor of Sweden's Widow deceased also last March 1689. His Children now living are two Sons and as many Daughters namely Adolph John born Aug. 13. 1666. Gustavus Samuel born Ap. 2. 1670. Catharine An. 1661. And Mary Elizabeth 1663. Of the Branch of Birckenfeld § XVII WE are now come to mention Charles youngest Son of Wolfgang Duke of Newburg and Deux-Ponts who propagated the Branch of Birckenfeld by a Marriage with the Princess Dorothy of Lunenburg of the Line of Zell who bore him a Daughter named Sophia married to Crato Earl of Hohenloh deceased Nov. 6. 1676. And Three Sons 1. George William 2. Christian And 3. Frederick born 1594. deceased a Bachellor 1626. In the Issue of the Two first the Branch of Birckenfeld subdivided it self into two lesser Branches that of Birckenfeld properly so called and that of Bischweiler The first began in George William born 1593. who had the Territory of Birckenfeld for his Portion and took the Lady Dorothy of Solms to his first Wife who dying in the Year 1625. he was re-married to the Rhinegrave Juliana from whom he was afterwards divorced and thereupon espoused the Lady Anne Elizabeth of Ettingen his third and last Wife His Death bears date 1669. And his Children by the first Venture were 1. Anne Sophia born Ap. 2. 1619. deceased 1680. she was Lady Abbess of Quedlingburg 2. Juliana and deceased both in their Infancy 3. Elizabeth deceased both in their Infancy 4. Charles Otho a Valiant Champion of the Gospels deceased 1672. whose Wife was Hedewig Crato Count Holenloh's Daughter by whom he had Issue Charles William deceased an Infant 1660. Charlotte Sophia Elizabeth born 1661. And Hedewig Eleanor Dorothy in 1663. 5. Mary Magdalen born 1622. and married to Anthony Gunther Count Swartzburg An. 1644. Return we now to Christian of Bischweiler born 1598. deceased Aug. 10. 1654. whos 's two Wives were Magdalen Catharine Daughter of John the Second Duke of Deux Ponts and Mary Joan of Helfenstein By the first of which he had Issue 1. Dorothy Catharine born July 3. 1634. and married to John Lewis Count Nassau in Otweiler 2. Lovise Sophia born 1635. as yet unmarried 3. Christian the Second born June 22. 1637. In 1667. he married the Lady Catharine Agatha Daughter of John James the last Earl of Rappolstein deceased 1683. by whom he has Issue now living Magdalen Claudia born 1668. Charlotte Wilhelmina 1672. And Christian the Third Nov. 7. 1674. 4. John Charles born Oct. 17. 1638. a Prince of great Experience in Military Affairs In 1685. he took to Wife Sophia Amalia Daughter of Frederick Duke of Deux-Ponts Sigfrid Count Hohenloh's Widow brought to Bed of a Daughter Feb. 1. 1686. 5. Anne Magdalen born 1640. and married to John Rheinhard Earl of Hanâ—â—lt Oct. 18. 1659. Of the Bavarian Line § XVIII IT has already been observed in the second Section of this Chapter that Lewis the Third was third Son of Elector Lewis the First He was Born 1277. carefully brought up by his Mother at Vienna in Austria had the Upper Bavaria for his Patrimony and was elected Emperor 1314. After the decease of his Cousin John Duke of the Lower Bavaria who had married his Daughter he entered on the Possession of the greatest part of his Inheritance He likewise seized on the Electorate of Brandenburg upon the death of Woldemar Marquess thereof bestowing the same on his own Son Lewis Moreover he had War with Frederick the Fair Arch-Duke of Austria whom he took Prisoner in the end An. 1324. and was likewise at variance with the Pope who plagued him very much In 1347. he died of an Apoplexy occasioned by his Bodies being grievously bruised by a fall from his Horse as he was hunting the Bear having had to his first Wife the Lady Beatrix of Glogaâ—â— and William Earl of Holland and Zealand's Daughter to his Second His Issue by the first were 1. Lewis the Fourth who had the Marquisate of Brandenburg given him by his Father An. 1319. which he defended against the pretended Woldemar and his adherents He deceased in the Year 1361. having had to Wife Margaret Maultaschen Daughter of Henry Duke of Carinthia and Stiria Earl of Tirole c. And by her an only Son named 1. Mainhard who followed his Father by a too hasty Fate An. 1363. 2. Mechtildis or Maud married to Frederick Landtgrave of Thuringe and Marquess of Misnia deceased 1346. 3. Beatrix affianced to Charles Martel King of Hangary deceased 1315. 4. Stephen surnamed Fibularus of whom in the next Section as Preserver of the Line 5. Anne or as others Agnes deceased 1353. Children of the Emperor Lewis by his second Wife 1. Lewis surnamed The Roman who had the
to the present great Duke of Tuscany Of the Augmentation of the Palatine-Bavarian Family § XXIII AFter that Henry the Lyon Duke of Saxony and Bavaria had been Proscribed and Outed of all his Territories by the Emperor Frederick Barbarossa Otho the First Earl of Witelsbach had both the Bavaria's as well Upper as Lower granted him for ever by the said Emperor To which also belonged at that time the Counties of Scherding and Newburg together with the Lordship of Burchausen Moreover he purchased the Counties of Dachow and Ritenburg as also the Lordships of Rotenburg and Rheningen This Prince's Grandson Otho the Second by a Marriage with the sole Daughter and Heiress of Henry Count Palatine obtain'd by Permission of the then Emperor the Palatinate of the Rhine being invested also at the same time with the Electoral Dignity An. 1227. After this he bought the Castle of Lindenfeld and City of Nusloch in Cregovia An. 1256. and had Waldorf with the City of Wiselach given him by the Emperor Henry In 1281. Rodulph the First Emperor gave the County of Mosburg to Lewis the First Elector Palatine The same Prince became possessed of Ferden Landberg Wilswiburg Chagen Landau Mumuro Elbrecht-Kirchen and Libenau by right of Inheritance Afterwards upon Conradine Duke of Schwaben's being Beheaded there was an Accession of Lawgingen Hochstadt Schongau Swabeck Tussen Moringen Neumark and Amberg with some other Places to his other Territories Moreover he bought Schreisheim with the Castle of Stralenberg as also the City of Bretten in Cregovia In 1392. Rupert had half the County of Sponbeim in Dowry with his Wife the other half whereof together with the City Pfortzheim fell likewise to this Family in the time of the Elector Frederick the First At the same time that Rupert the Son became possessed of half Sponheim Rupert the Emperor his Father had the County of Simmeren Mortgaged to him which was afterwards wholly assigned over to this Family Moreover he bought the County of Deux-Ponts for 25000. Florins In 1404. Lewis â—â— Elector second Son to the said Emperor â—nd Eâ—pingon in Cregovia Sold him by the then Muquess of Eaden Much about the same time he was put in possession of the County of Kirchberg also In 1410. Stephen the First in Right or his Wife had the County of Veldentz settled on him In 1441. Frederick the First Outed the Earls of Lowenstein and seized on their Lands to which there was Accession of Lutzeilstein not many Years after The same Frederick had Bergstrasse Mortgag'd to him by the Arch-Bishop of Mentz Maximilian of Bavaria took Donawert 1607. bought the County of Middlebeim in Schwaben 1618. and succeeded to the Landtgraviate of Leuchtenberg some Years after by right of Confraternity or Act of Agreement to a mutual Succession The same Prince had an Eighth Electorship confirmed on him by the Instrument of the Peace of Osenburg An. 1648. In 1654. Charles Gustavus of Deux-Ponts was Crowned King of Sweden whose Brother Adolph John has also acquired very large Possessions in the said Kingdom In 1666. Philip William Duke of Newburg since Elector Palume obtained the Dutchies of Julters and Mons together with the County of Ravenstein by an amicable agreement 'twixt his Serene Highness and the Elector of Brandenburg Of its Decrease § XXIV THe greatest Losses suffered by the Palatine-Bavarian Family have been in our Age for by the Fourth Article of the Peace of Osenburg Maximilian Duke of Bavaria was obliged to Cancel the Mortgage he had on the Upper Austria as also to restore Bergstrasse to the Arch-Bishop of Mentz by the same Pacification In the next French War the King of France without a Blush made himself Master of the Dutchy of Deux Ponts and County of Veldentz together with many Cities on pretence they were Dependants of Alsace In 1689. upon pretence of some other sham Title he made no scruple to possess himself of the Counries of Sponbeim Simmeren and Lautereck Nay he invaded the very Palatinate of the Rhine putting the same under Contributions and utterly ruining the Inhabitants by his Exactions What will be the future State of these Provinces time must show Of its Pretensions § XXV FRom these Encroachments some Pretensions must needs arise And indeed the King of Sweden has the fairest Title in the World to the Dutchy of Deux-Ponts as next Heir Male. And then the present Elector Palatine Philip William demands not only Restoration of the Provinces taken from him by the French King but likewise satisfaction for the Damages done him in those that are left Moreover the Count Palatine in Veldeniz has lost his whole Earldom which likewise demands to be restored CHAP. IX Of the Family of Saxony as well Electoral as Ducal § I. ALbert the Third Elector of Saxony descended of the Family of Anhalt of whose Ancestors we shall â—â—y more when we come to treat of that Family coming to an unexpected and accidenâ—al end as also without Issue An. 1422 Freâ—â—rick the Warlike Marquess of Misnia and Landtgrave of Thuringe Son of Frederick the Strong was invested in the Electoral Dignity by the Emperor Sigismund An. 1425. whence â—he Marquesses of Misnia were descended the â—revity of our design will not permit us â—o discourse in this place Those that are deâ—â—rous may be informed in that matter by consulting the Learned Spener's Sylloge Genealogica 〈◊〉 Familiâ Witekindeâ Saxonicâ Now Frederick â—â—d opened an University at Leipsick some Years before he was made Elector viz. 1209. â—â—is Prince had also many Wars during his Government as namely in Franconia with the Poles in Bornsia with the Counts of Schwartzâ—urg Heldrungen and Hohenstein in Thuringia Moreover with the Elector of Brandenburg and lastly with the Bohemians or Hussites by whom his Forces were defeated with a very great Slaughter An. 1426. His Death bears date two Years after and his Dutchess was Catharine Daughter of Henry Duke of Brunswick and Lunenburg who bore him this following Issue viz. 1. Frederick born Aug. 24. 1412. of whom in the next Section 2. Sigismund Bishop of Wurtzburg born 1416. deceased of a Dropsie 1457. 3. Henry born 1422. deceased 1435. 4. Anne married to Lewis the Third Landtgrave of Hesse deceased 1463. 5. Catharine married in 1441. to Frederick the Second Elector of Brandenburg And 6. William born 1425. who had the Landtgraveship of Thuringe assigned him for his Patrimony At first he had Wars with his Brother but in the end they were reconciled and agreed very well In short he refused the Crown of Bohemia when offer'd Took particular care for suppressing the notorious Insolencies of the Robbers that then infested his Countries And after the decease of Anne of Austria Daughter of Albert the Third his first Wife An. 1462. took the Lady Catharine de Brandenstein to his Second By the first of which he had Issue Two Daughters 1. Anne born 1453. betrothed to Henry Duke of Munsterberg but died before the Marriage was consummated And 2. Margaret
Duke of Saxon VVeimar born Oct. 19. 1661. who in 1683. took to Wife his Cousin-Germain Charlotte Mary Daughter of Bernhard Duke of Sax-Jena And 5. John Ernestus born June 22. 1664. Of the Branch of Gotha § VIII ERneste the Third one of the Sons of John the Second was Propagator of this Branch A Prince to use the words of the Noble Im Hoff for his great Sincerity for his Zeal to Religion for his Political Prudence and Oeconomical Industry justly to be preferred before any that ever ruled One in whom the divine Promise was apparently verified viz. To those that make it their first care to seek the Kingdom of God and his Righteousness all other things shall be added He was at the Battle of Lutz In 1641. he obtain'd the Principality of Sax-Gotha And great part of the County of Henneberg in 1660. In 1672 Altemburg and Coburg fell to him by the Death of Frederick VVilliam the Third mentioned before in the fifth Section Numb 7. In short he rebuilt the Castle of Gotha formerly called Grimmenstein but by him Friedenstein Was Author of the VVeimar Bible and departed this World March 26. 1675. His Dutchess was Sophia Elizabeth Daughter of John Philip Duke of Sax Aldenherg deceased Dec. 25. 1680. which happy Match gave Birth to this following Issue 1. John Ernestus born and dead the same Year viz. 1638. 2. Elizabeth Dorothy born Jan. 8. 1640. and married in 1666. to Lewis of Hesse-Darmstadt whose Relict she now is 3. John Ernestus the Sixth born 1641. deceased 1657. 4. Christian born 1642. deceased the same Year 5. Sophia born 1643. deceased 1657. 6. Joan born 1645. deceased 1657. 7. Frederick the Ninth the present Duke of Sax-Gotha born July 15. 1646. who keeps his Court at Friedenstein-Castle and has had two Wives The one being Magdalen Sibil Daughter of Augustus Duke of Saxony and Administrator of Magdeburg deceased Jan. 20. 1681. whom he married on the 19th of August 1669. The other Christina Daughter of Frederick Marquess of Baden Albert Marquess of Brandenburg Anspach's Widow His Issue by the first were 1. Anne Sophia born Dec. 22. 1670. 2. Magdalen Sibil born 1671. deceased 1673. 3. Dorothy Mary born Jan. 22. 1674. 4. Frederica March 25. 1675. 5. Frederick July 28. 1676. 6. John William Oct. 4. 1677. 7. Elizabeth born 1679. deceased 1680. And 8. Joan born Oct. 1. 1680. 8. Albert born May 24. as others the 16th 1648. who had Coburg for his Inheritance and Mary Elizabeth Daughter of Augustus the Second Duke of Brunswick his Cousin-Germain Adolph of Eysenach's Relict to his Wife which Lady deceased in February 1687. having been brought to Bed on Sept. 1. 1677. of an only Son named Ernestus Augustus who lived bâ—t till the 17th of August in the following Year 9. Bernhard born Sept. 15. 1649. who has his Residence in Meinung Castle on the Werra in the County of Henneberg On Nov. 20. 1671. he took Mary Hedewig Daughter of George the Second Prince of Hesse-Darmstadt to his first Wife after whose decease which happened Ap. 19. 1680. he in 81. married Elizabeth Eleanor Daughter of Anthony Ulrick Duke of Brunswick John George Duke of Meckleburg's Widow which Lady is likewise since deceased An. 1687. His Issue now living by the first Venture are 1. Ernestus Lewis born Oct. 7. 1672. 2. Bernhard Oct. 28. 1673. 3. Frederick William Feb. 16. 1679. And 4. George Erneste March 26. 1680. As also an only Daughter born Dec. 3. 1081. and named Elizabeth Ernesta Augusta by the Second 10. Henry born Nov. 19. 1650. who Resides at Romhild in the County of Henneberg and 1676. espoused Mary Elizabeth of Hesse-Darmstadt but as far as we can learn has no Issue by her 11. Christian born Jan. 6. 1653. whose Seat is at Eisenberg not far from Jena On the 13th of Feb. 1677. he married Christiana Daughter of Christian Duke of Saxony and Administrator of Mersburg who died two Years after and he took Sophia Mary Daughter of Lewis Prince of Hesse-Darmstadt to his second Wife By the first Venture he has an only Daughter the Lady Christina born March 4. 1679. 12. Dorothy Mary born Feb. 12. 1654. deceased unmarried 1684. 13. Ernestus born July 12. 1655. who has his Seat at Eisfeld in the Confines of Thuringia and Franconia On the 10th of Feb. 1680. he espoused Sophia Frederica Daughter of George Frederick Prince Waldeck who was brought to Bed of a Son Aug. 21. 1681. whom they named Ernestus Frederick as also of a Daughter whose name is Sophia Charlotte in the Year following 14. John Philip born and dead the same Year viz. 1657. 15. John Ernestus born Aug. 22. 1658. who Resides at Salfeld with his Wife Sophia Hedewig Daughter of Christian Duke of Saxony-Mersburg whom he married Feb. 10. 1680. and has Issue by her Christina Sophia born July 14. 1681. and Christian Erneste born 1683. 16. Joan Elizabeth born and deceased the same Year viz. 1660. 17. John Philip born and deceased the same Year viz. 1662. And 18. Sophia Elizabeth born and deceased the same Year viz. 1663. Of the Albertine Line § IX MAtter 's thus far cleared we now return to the Albertine Line which began in Albert the First youngest Son of Frederick the Second Elector of Saxony as we observed above in the second Section He was born July 27. 1443. and by reason of his tall Stature surnamed Roland In 1468. he assisted George King of Bohemia against Matthias King of Hungary In 1471. he went into Bohemia to accept the Crown of that Kingdom then offered him where he was in great danger of his Life yet happily escaped and afterwards went in Pilgrimage to the Holy Land In 1491. he was Installed Knight of the Golden Fleece Moreover he reduced the Low-Countries to the Obedience of the Emperor Maximilian and obtained a grant of Succession to the Dutchies of Juliers and Mons in case those in Possession or their Heirs should fail in Issue Male. In 1459. he married Sidonia Daughter of George Podiebrach King of Bohemia which Lady departed this Life An. 1500. as did himself a little afterwards at the Siege of Groeningen on Sept. 12. in the same Year and 57th of his Age having had Issue Eight Children whereof Four died in their Infancy The rest were 1. Catharine born July 28. 1468. and married after the decease of Signismund of Austria her first Husband which happened in 1500. to Erick the Elder Duke of Brunswick she died 1524. 2. George Barbatus born Aug. 27. 1471. who succeeded his Father and had Issue by Barbara Daughter of Casimire King of Poland 1. John the First And both deceased before him 2. Frederick both deceased before him As also Two Daughters 1. Magdalen married to Joachim the Second Elector of Brandenburg An. 1524. deceased 1534. And 2. Christina who was born Dec. 15. 1505. married to Philip the Stout Landtgrave of Hesse and died 1549. As for their Father George he departed this World Ap. 17. 1539. 3. Henry