Stephen and Miles Cogan Adventurers with Strongbow in the first Attack and possessors of Lands for their Service succeeded him next to them succeeded Hugh de Lacy and Robert le Power both interested persons in Ireland Le Power being then Governor of Waterford and Wexford was possest of a great Estate in those Countries * Cambden of Ireland and Hugh de Lacy marrying the Daughter of Rodorick King of Connaght had a considerable Interest in Ireland by her right the King still approving interested persons fittest to govern Ireland that designing to send over his own Son John he first made him King of Ireland to give him a peculiar Interest in that Kingdom †Hovenden p. 77. from his time being anno Dom. 1185. until Lionel Duke of Clarence 1361. near 200 years that Edward the Third's Son was sent over who by right of his Wife was Earl of Ulster and Lord of Connaght I find Ireland governed for the most part by Butlers of the House of Ormonde Fitz Morris Fitz John Fitz Gerralds c. of the Houses of Kildare and Desmond with Woggans Barrys Powers Bourkes Burminghams c. and in intervals by Dignitaries of the Church or other Ministers of State in Ireland I find very few but either had considerable Interest in Ireland or otherwise settled on them at their sending over or purchased by them in the time of their Service and settled there with their Families In all which time we read of very few Factions until that of Desmond who raised a Dissention betwixt the English of Blood and English of Birth which bred such ill Blood in his own Families Veins as boyled up to the ruine of it afterwards in the Queens days 1583. and from the time of the Duke of Clarence 1361. until 1385. the Earl of Oxford was created Duke of Ireland and Marquess of Dublin at his coming over of Twelve Lord Lieutenants and Deputies c. in that time not above two or three at the most but Butlers Gerralds c. Next Richard the Second sent over Mortymer Lord Lieutenant but first created him Earl of Ulster Lord of Trim Clare and Connaght 1398. from him until the year 1449. I find not above four or five viz. Sir John Stanly Scroop Sutton de Gray c. and they but short times but persons of Ireland viz. Talbots Gerralds and Butlers the later six times in this short space of about fifty years Then was Richard Duke of York being Earl of Ulster Lord of Connaght and Meath by Descent from Lionel Duke of Clarence Lord Lieutenant But for a more distinct Account of Irelands Chief Governours since the Conquest I shall refer the Reader to the ensuing Catalogue as I find it recorded by Borlacy Spencer Campian Hanmer Marlburroughs Hooker c. wherein I have only noted some few remarkable things that happened under some of their Governments designing only a brief Catalogue of both sorts to make good my Position that the Policy of England hath still found it best to govern Ireland by its own Members or persons peculiarly interested in its prosperity But this is observable when Noblemen c. were sent out of England to govern Ireland it was not of choice but rather of necessity as in these and the like cases First to ballance Factions amongst the English Lords of Ireland when their animosities grew so high that Interest of State required a more indifferent Hand at the Helm which proceeded from their great Power ruling their Tenants c. as Soveraign Princes over large Teritories by the Brehon Laws whereby multitudes both of English and Irish more depended upon their Favour than the Kings but that sort of Lordship is utterly extinguished root and branch the greatest Lords of Ireland are as subject to the Kings Laws as the meanest man and the whole Militia of the Kingdom under the Kings immediate Commission and Pay therefore that Reason ceaseth Second Reason was to ballance Factions in the Court of England especially in the Barons Wars and in the Contest betwixt the two Houses of York and Lancaster c. but the two Roses now are not only graffed but so well grown upon one stalk that danger is over Thirdly in times of considerable Rebellions when either of these two Reasons swayed 1. When the Work required persons of greater Experience in Martial Affairs than it it was supposed Ireland afforded but Ireland is now so well furnished with Noble persons of approved Courage and Conduct that it is able to supply England if the Kings Affairs should require it with Officers from the Truncheon to the Halbert to conduct a Royal Army 2. When the great Lords of Ireland were in Factions one against the other especially those of English Race as the Geraldines and Butlers c. which two Houses mantained an inveterate Feud for several Generations yet by turns were chiefly employ'd by Henr. 7th and 8th till the 20th year of the Raign of Henry the Eighth Thomas the Son of Gerrald Earl of Kildare then Prisoner in the Tower broke out into Rebellion from which time the King sent over English Governours during his Life as Skeffington the Lord Gray Brereton St. Leger c. which course his Son Edward the Sixth and both his Daughters Mary and Elizabeth imitated him in for the most part the like King James and Charles the First but the reason thereof must be attributed to the Change or rather Reformation of Religion most of the Noble Families of Ireland capable of chief Trust still adhering to the Roman Superstition and consequently uncapable of promoting a Protestant Interest which case is now otherwise most of the ancient Nobility of Ireland are Protestants as may appear in my Schedule of Irelands Nobility and as that reason of State is ceased so hath the practice since About two years after the Rebellion Jan. 1643. James then Marquess now Duke of Ormonde was sworn Lord Lieutenant since which time being 39 years Jan. last he hath born the Honour of Lord Lieutenant of Ireland except from the 18th of September 1669. the Lord Roberts entred until the â—4th of August 1677. the Earl of Essex surrender'd not full eight years so that the Duke hath born the Honour 31 years and actually exercised the Regency 19 years being interrupted about 12 years viz. from December 1650. he left Clanrickard Deputy until the 28th of July 1662. when His Grace was again sworn Lord Lieutenant and as he hath exercised the longest Regency so hath he had the most difficult Work of any chief Governor since the Conquest First Commander of an Army for some years under great wants the hardest task to a noble spirited General Secondly Fighting against a people he desired and endeavoured the Welfare of that would not believe him until they found it to their cost that their Ingratitude and Treachery to him and their Princes Interest that he asserted sell upon their own pates Thirdly Fighting for a Prince in no capacity to support him
Money current few will give ten per cent for Money when they can have Bank-credit for half that rate which will also necessitate the Usurer either to purchase Land and thereby raise the rate of it or otherwise imploy his Money in the Bank or some other Trade who now preys upon the necessities of all persons those of the best Quality not excluded who cannot on their single Bond or Mortgage of Land raise Money without double Bonds-men and they must be also Citizens with a Warrant of Atturney for Judgment besides the charge of procuration c. and Interest demanded before-hand or half yearly which is the highest Interest upon Interest whereby the best landed and most ingenious persons in the Kingdom are many times distressed and are inslaved to the most griping Usuries which this Bank credit will prevent as also lower the Interest This Bank-Credit will lower Exchange to foreign parts by increasing Traffick and thereby altering the Balance of Trade as is shewn in that Chapter and remove all occasions of Exchange for Money at home for Bank-Bills of 500 l. will not weigh one ounce but be safely conveyed from place to place by Post or otherwise without danger of robbing for the Bank-method of paying their Bills must secure against all counterfeiting or misapplications so that whosoever shall rob or otherwise obtain Bills surreptitiously can make no use of them which method of safety being only the concern of the Bank and not of the Creditors I shall forbear to publish it By this Bank our Manufacturies will be propagated this being the proper means for it and in which we are now defective which will hereby be provided against For when there are Merchants at Dublin as there are at London to buy with ready Money the Manufactures of the Countrey will abound for we neither want Materials nor Artists only Markets which will be the main business of this Bank to contrive and having Shipping and Stock of their own their Interest will prompt them unto it since they can neither traffick into the Levant nor Baltick-Seas the two chief places for the Merchants of Ireland to inlarge their Trade unto without woollen and worsted Manufacture which now when made cannot be disposed The abuses in our woollen and worsted Manufactures by which their value and credit is impaired will be rectified for they will not buy a piece but what is searched and tried by persons of their own appointment and place their own Seales as well as the Makers upon every piece which will bring our Manufacturies into credit in foreign Markets and the like they will do for Leather Butter Tallow Flesh Fish c. the want of which is the ruine of the foreign Trade of Ireland which is now under so ill repute beyond Sea that Irish Goods and Nought are terms convertible Besides in whatsoever they shall observe the Artists of Ireland defective they can easily procure a supply which will also put life into the Ingenious and Industrious when they can have Bank-credit for their Ware at any time which will inable a poor Clothier c. with twenty Pound Stock to do more than now with an hundred Pound not knowing now what to do with Goods when made which will imploy the Poor and by their labour double the value of Lands and fill the Countrey with Money as is shewed in the Chapter of Manufacture By which the Peace and Safety as well as the Wealth of Ireland will be increased for whilst the â—â—â—er sort of people have nothing but a miserable use to lose the Boggs and Rodes will be pestered with â—oâ—tes want increaseth discontent and that puts men upon desperate ways for relief which this Bank will prevent for no man need to have in his House or travel on the Rode with other than small Sums of that debast Money described in the Chapter of Coins and yet have five hundred or a thousand Pounds worth of Bank-Tickets which as was observed would not be worth a Peny to the unlawful Possessor and yet be as good as so much Silver or Gold current in their Houses and much safer than other Specialties which if lost he is in danger of losing his Money but not so in this case his Right appearing in the Bank-Books And as it will prevent Robberies so also discourage Rebellions since the Money passing current is of small intrinsick value to them Besides these Banks are the only means to rescue our Trade out of the Hands of Foreigners and will wear out foreign Stocks by which the greatest part of our foreign Traffick is now driven to the enriching foreign Merchants and beggering of our own Foreigners having Money at low Interest and gaining by their Exchange they are able to undersell us in foreign Parts so that our Merchants choose rather to be their Factors than trade with their own Stocks which is the reason we have so few wealthy Merchants and those we have after they have gained Estates by Trade instead of increasing their Traffick purchase Lands and decline Trade This Bank will also be a means to fill the Kingdom with Shipping to manage the Trade thereof which is at present the great gain of Foreigners which will hereby redound to the benefit of this Kingdom as in the Chapter of Shipping And hereby also we shall be capable of improving our Fishing upon the Irish Coast to the utmost The great advantage of which you may read in the Chapter of Fishing Nor will it be difficult to satisfie persons that this Bank-credit of paying or receiving Money will be as ready and as safe as the ordinary way of paying and receiving Money in Specia since with much case these Bills may be transferred from one person to another and the trouble and labour of telling weighing and judging of the goodness or badness of Coins and danger of miscounting hereby prevented In order whereunto every person that either receives or pays Money in Bank hath his account in the Bank-book and at the desire of the Creditor his Stock in Bank either in part or in whole is transferred to the account of such other persons as himself shall assign As for example A Clothier sells unto a Merchant or Draper an 100 l. worth of Cloth the buyer having Credit in Bank assigns 100 l. to the Seller the Book-keeper makes the Merchant Debtor and gives the Clothier credit for so much again The Clothier being indebted in whole or in part of the said sum to the Woollman the Clothier is made Debtor and the Woollman Creditor The Woollman being a Farmer c. owes the like sum to his Landlord for Rent the Woollman is made Debtor and his Landlord Creditor the Landlord is indebted or hath occasion to buy Goods in Town the Landlord is made Debtor and the said person is Creditor If the persons to whom the Landlord was indebted be Retailers that have occasion to buy Goods of the Merchant that first assigned in Bank the Retailers have Goods and
had they been permitted quietly to enjoy this small part they so rightfully possest they had gone no further But instead thereof Roderick King of Connaght then sole Monarch of Ireland raiseth the whole Kingdom to drive out Mac Morrough and his Welshmen upon which he appeals to Strongbow and renewes former contracts who hasts over with about 1200 fresh Men by them wars with the Waterfordians who were in Arms against him took the City and married the Kings Daughter with an assurance of the Reversion of the Kingdom and soon after disperses his Enemies then surrendred all his Conquests to the King who came over with a new Force to secure his Interest which so terrified the Irish that all their Kings and great Lords proffered to to be tributary and swore Allegiance and had they so continued they had felt no farther damages But no sooner was the Kings back turned but they are again up in Arms to disposess the English of what they had so justly atchieved who still subdued them and gained ground of them and obtained Grants of their new Conquests until all the Irish Kings and great Lords were vanquished and their Lands c. possest by the English Victors the Heirs of Ulster and Connaght married to the Kings Subjects whose successive Heirs in process of time were married unto the Royal Family and so their Lands and Honours came Hereditary in the Crown who of right disposed of them at pleasure Now had it not been the Interest as well as the Duty of the Irish to have submitted to their first Concessions Then Dermot Mac Morrough had sustained no wrong his right Heir had enjoyed his Dominion and the rest of the Irish great Lords had enjoyed their particular Rights none pretended to disturb them until constrained in their own defence So if we take a further view of their many Insurrections and perfidious Rebellions since they held their Honours and Lands from the Crown of England it will appear they were tempted to it by the weakness of the English Interest as in times of troubles in England by the Barons Wars and Struggles betwixt the two Roses c. When the Kings of England drew over part of their Army for Ireland some taking one side and some the other which did not only weaken Englands Strength in Ireland but divided what were left into powerful Factions betwixt the great English Lords of Ireland which became the cause of the ruine of that great Family of Desmond with several others of good Rank who though degenerated from their English Civilities yet after they turned Rebels against their Prince they fell wholly off to the Interest Manners and Customs of his and their own former Irish Enemy whereby Ireland was to be new conquered and replanted for the degenerate English were more stubborn Rebels and with more difficulty subdued than the rebellious Natives for although their Minds and Manners were degenerated they had so much English Blood left in their Veins as gave them English Courage and Resolution whereby Tho. Fitz Giralds and Desmonds Rebellions became harder work to subdue than any before them they also receiving great Incouragements and Aids from the Pope and King of Spain upon the account of Religion they became obdurate the same Indulgences that were granted to the Souldiers fighting against the Turk in the holy War being sent them whereby their Consciences were not only released from their Obligations of Allegeance to their Prince but strongly engaged on the behalf of holy Church to extirpate that mad and venemous Doctrine and Hellish Opinion as the Protestant Faith was then termed in a Pamphlet then publish'd intituled A Declaration of the Divines of Salamanca and Vallidolid dispersed through Ireland by O Sullivan a Spanish Priest which with divers other practices of the Irish to shake off the English Government is rehearsed and press'd by that pious Prelate Primate Usher the Glory of the Irish Protestant Church in his elegant Speech to an Assembly of all the States of Ireland April 1627. in which he defends my Assertion that it is the Interest of the Irish to aid and support the Prosperity of the English Interest amongst them and had they had Grace to have believed him some thousands of Irish Families now utterly ruined might have been in a prosperous state And after he had minded them of their traiterous tendering the Regency of Ireland to the French King and upon his refusal to the Spaniard which was by him accepted for although Henry the fourth of France was not Apostate enough to invade his Protestant Neighbours yet Charles the fifth of Spain and his Son Philip were Papist enough to admit the Popes Donation which the Irish obtained for them Title good enough not only to claim Ireland and invade it with several Armies of Italians and Spaniards who landed at Kinsale and Kerry to their cost but also to attempt England by their supposed invincible Armado in 88. but the invincible just God did not only deliver us from their power the Sword destroying his Land Souldiers in Ireland and the Sea swallowing up his Naval Force assayling England but also from that time blasted the Counsels and Successes of that aspiring Monarch that their Fame and Potency hath ever since dwindled away Portugal and the Low Countries soon after revolted and the stately Don who then talk'd and acted as proudly as Monsieur doth now was so far from beeing able to invade his Neighbours he hath been put to his shifts to secure his Hereditary Countries and as old as I am I hope to live to see it the case of Monsieur who though now stiled the most Christian King hath declared himself the most inveterate Enemy to the most Christian Faith and Profession in the Christian World and let but the Defender of the Faith turn his Subjects loose with his Commission in their pockets they would soon covince him of it and let him know that the English Blood that inspired their Ancestors at the Battel of Agincourt c. is boyling hot in their Veins and that Charles the Second may be as dreadful to France as ever was Henry the fifth c. when he pleaseth if our God hath not given us up for our impious provocations to be a prey and a spoil as he did Israel to the Assyrians a bitter and hasty Nation But to return to my Argument that it is the Interest of the Irish Papists to further the Protestant English Interest in Ireland I shall return to my reverend Author saith he They put me in mind of the Philosophers Observations that such who have a vehement respect to a few inferiour things are easily misled to overlook many great things so saith he they have so deep a sense of their present burthen of contributing small matters towards the support of the Kings Army to secure us from foreign Invasions that they overlook all those miserable Desolations that will come upon them by a long and heavy War which the having of an
Brass Write thy recorded Praise till times last Glass And with such zeal preserve thy hallow'd Shrine Till the expir'd Worlds last Ashes mix with thine His Lamentation Lament lament you that dare Honour love And court her at a noble rate Your Prowess to approve And blush not to be good when you grow great Such mourners suit his Vertue and his State Cannons go weep out flames Culverins go cry And roar from every Ship and Battery With such a Fall our Ossory expir'd Ossory as far lamented as admir'd A Warning to Survivers Shrink ye crown'd heads that think your selves secure And from your mouldring Thrones look down Your Greatness cannot long endure The King of terrors claims you for his own You are Tributaries to his dreadful Crown Renown'd Serene Imperial most August Are only high and mighty Epithets of dust In vain in vain so high Our tow'ring Expectations fly While the Blossoms of our Hopes so fresh so gay Appear and promise Fruit then fade away His Example Oh that our Lords would their lost time redeem And not so much admire as copy him Be good like him if they 'd like him be great And be his peers in Vertue as in State No further shall I strive for to express Thy mighty Deeds weak Praises make them less Plebeius observes the Romans to inflame their Noble Youth to aspire to Honor would often shew them the triumphal Statues of their Predecessors which is the design of annexing these Poems to this Epistle to provoke your Lordship to imitation When without your cost or your great Sires consent Is rais'd to him a stately Monument When Tombs and Statues crumble all away And gilded Marble Monuments decay His History will mortallize his Fame To after-ages his great Deeds proclaim His Fame is so much fam'd that he Can never here forgotten be Till Ireland its self become To its own Woods and Bogs a Tomb Till timeless time all things devour By Dooms day Conflagrations showr It was a high piece of Prudence in the Romans to lower the value of Pecuniar Rewards and raise the esteem of Honor to the height in regard a Prince or State by long Wars may drain their Treasury low in Coyn but the Fountain of Honor can never be drained dry whilst it is not spilt on unworthy persons which though it doth not lessen the bulk yet debaseth the Allay of Honor A private Roman Souldier refused a Chain of Gold as a Reward of his gallant Service from Libienus Cesars Lieutenant General saying that he would not have the Reward of the covetous but of the vertuous When Marcus Marcellus built a Temple to Honor and Vertue he made a pertition so that none could come into the Temple of Honor but they must first pass through the Temple of Vertue Sir That your Noble Breast may be as this Temple always close shut against all sorts of vitious Votaries and that your Life may be as your Fathers a patern to all young Gentlemen of truly Noble and Honorable Actions that your Example may be a Reproof to the vitious and a Praise to the vertuous that you may live the Joy and dye the Grief of your Country shall be the Prayer of the most unworthy of your Lordships faithful affectionate Servants R. L. THE PREFACE TO THE READER I Have reason to suspect all to whom I am known will marvel to see me in Print at this time of day and the more at the freedom I take both as to persons and things for whose Satisfaction and my own Vindication I think my self bound to give the following account as to my motives thereto That having been in this Kingdom August next 33 years one third of my time in a publick capacity in the Civil as well as Military Affairs and observing my Ignorance of the State Temper and Constitution of the Country disabled me from being capable of giving such an account of several businesses put upon me as was requisite I addicted my self to the study both of Books and Men of the best and longest experience in the civil Constitution of Ireland by whom I gained some knowledge and inspection and committed my Observations to Writing That for near twenty years past in my more private capacity as a member of the Council of Trade where most of the particulars respecting Trade I publish in this and design in my Treatise of Traffique c. were deliberated by persons of the highest Characters for Parts and Experience in this Kingdom amongst whom I found my self but a Novice in the politicks and methods of Trade which put me upon studying the several Propositions and Questions there propounded not daring to give my Opinion in so honorable and learned an Assembly without Book which engaged me to read much History c. to find the Opinion and Practice of past times in the respective cases there debated in observance of the ensuing Instructions Instructions for the Council of Trade ORMONDE FIrst you are to take into your consideration all the native Commodities of the growth and production of this His Majesties Kingdom of Ireland and how they may be ordered nourished encreased and manufactured to the Imployments of His Majesties people and to the best advantage of the publick and to consider by what way any of the Manufactures in the said Kingdom are corrupted debased and disparaged and by what probable means they may be restored and maintained in their antient Goodness and Reputation 2. You are to consider whether in the said Kingdom of Ireland the Importation of Foreign Comodities doth not over-ballance the Exportation of such as are Native and how to advise and propound the most effectual means that in the said Kingdom the Importations may not exceed the Exportations 3. You are to consider how a Manufacture of Linnen Cloth and Linnen Yarn may be advanced and settled in this Kingdom with most advantage to his Majesty and his people 4. You are to consider by what means the Fishing Trade may be most improved in the said Kingdom of Ireland 5. You are to consider of all other matters relating to Navigation and the encrease and security thereof 6. You are to consider by what particular means Bulloin may be best drawn into Ireland from the Countries of Foreign Princes 7. You are to consider what Advantages for the Trade of His Majesties liege people are provided for by His Majesties Leagues with any of his Confederates and Allies and to advise and propound from time to time what is expedient for His Majesty by his Ministers in Foreign parts or otherwise to take care that His Majesties Subjects may as Justice requires reap the benefit intended to them by such Leagues in relation to their Trade in Foreign parts 8. You are to consider how there may be that equal Distribution of Trade and Manufacture in this Kingdom which will most conduce to the general good of His Majesties loving Subjects therein 9. You are to consider how convenient and practicable any
thing propounded to you may be concerning new Inventions and Improvements in any Art Trade or Manufacture and thereof as occasion may be to make report unto Vs the Lord Lieutenant or other Chief Governor or Governors of this Kingdom and Council 10. You are to consider what means sturdy Vagrants and Beggars may be compelled to earn their living by some lawful Calling 11. You are to consider by what ways and means Commerce may be promoted by the Imployment of some persons in the mending Highways and Bridges and making Rivers navigable and in draining Boggs and Loghs and recovering Land from the Sea 12. You are diligently to enquire into the abuses of Weights and Measures practised throughout the said Kingdom and to consider how the same may be effectually remedied 13. You are to consider how Correspondencies may be settled in all places of great Commerce abroad that it may be better known with what profit or loss the native Commodities of this Kingdom are there vented and what Laws are made and Trades new erected there to the advantage of the Trade of His Majesties Subjects of this Kingdom 14. You are faithfully and with speed to deliver your Opinions in Writing and so to make reports thereof to Vs the Lord Lieutenant or other Chief Governor or Governors of this Kingdom and Council concerning the Premises as likewise concerning such other matters as shall be occasionally at any time referred to your consideration Given at His Majesties Castle of Dublin the 18th day of May. 1664. Ja. Armachanus Massereene W. Caulfield Drogheda Kingston Jo. Bysse G. Wentworth Arth. Forbes Theo. Jones Maur. Eustace Canc. Mich. Dublin Joh. Clogher Hen. Medensis Hen. Tichburne John Temple Paul Davies James Ware First Meeting May 26. 1664. Present LOrd Primate Lord Chancellor Lord Arch-Bishop of Dublin Lord Bishop of Meath Lord Chief Justice Donelan Lord Massereene Sir Paul Davies Sir John Percivall Sir Robert Meredeth Sir Robert Forth Sir John Temple Master of the Rolls Sir Edward Massey all of the Privy Council besides the Mayor and Recorder of Dublin with seven or eight Aldermen Sir Audly Mervin Sir John Temple the Kings Sollicitor General Serjeant Grissith and several chief Lawyers and other Gentlemen and principle Merchants who after reading the Commission and Instructions chose Committees to prepare Business appointed time and place for the weekly Meeting and adjourned And so continued their constant weekly Meetings for several years in debate of these general Heads of Instruction and their Branches and after the greatest deliberation sometimes two or three months upon one Instruction agreed and resolved several of them into Reports to the Council Board the particular Heads of the said Reports as they are registred in their Books take as followeth A Table to the Register-Book REports upon your Graces Commission for regulating the Herring fishing in Dublin Harbour fol. 1 2. Linnen Manufacture 3 4. Fishing in the Isles of Bussâ—n and Clare 5. Free ports 6. For Farming the Excise 7 8 9. Reasons for the prohibiting Foreign growth Manufactures fol. 9 10. Light Houses 11. For the transporting Felons that receive the benefit of their Clergy 12. For the encouragement of the Manufacture of Sâ—uffs 13 14. For the better ordering the Post Office 15. Small Money For the regulating the Weights and Measures 20 to 24. For more easie and speedy Recovery of small Debts and prevention of Arrests upon false Actions 24 25 26 27 28. Marriners to be regulated 26. Regulating Protections 29. Arguments against the Act prohibiting our Transportation of Cattel 30 31 32 33. Against Importation of Hats 34 35. A general Subscription proposed against wearing foreign Manufactures 36. About Fewel to furnish our selves without Foreign supplies with Cole and Turf 41. About regulating the Shooemakers and lowering the price of Boots and Shooes fol. 42 43 44. A Report for the printing Colonel Lawrences Directions for the planting Hemp and Flax 45 46 48 49. That every Female above twelve years of age shall produce a proportion of Woollen Worsted or Linnen Yarn every year 47. To prevent abuses in slaughtering Cattel and packing Beef and Pork fol. 50 51. Rules to prevent false packing of Butter 52 53. A general Estimate of Trade and Experiments proposed for the Improvements thereof 54 55 56. But the Duke of Ormond leaving the Government before a Parliament met or those capable of forming into Acts of State performed or put in practice as the Council of Trade was their Nursery so the Council-Table became their Sepulchre where they remain in their Urn to this day and not like to have a resurrection whilst the Realm is under such a consternation and consequently the Government incumbered with the variety of Affairs relating to the preservation of the whole as these late horrid Popish Plots have brought us under For before the Dukes removal most of the Privy Council and other principal Ministers of State seemed exceeding fond of all proposals tending to the Improvement of the Trade and Manufacture of the Nation and resolved to put the Act of Parliament for the Linnen Manufacture in practice at Chappelizod And although I gave my Opinion against the Report in the Council of Trade and my Argument at Council-Table against the practice of that Act until a Parliament met to mend it yet they were pleased not only to make an Experiment in the case but also to pitch upon my self admitting of no excuse to manage it which after three or four months sollicitation I only submitted to until some other fit person could be procured but the Duke removing what Discouragements I received and Loss and Damage I sustained under the Regency of his Successors I shall give an Account of in my Treatise of Manufacture which will give some further Evidence of the difference betwixt a Kingdom being governed by persons peculiarly interested in its prosperity and others Aliens to its peculiar Interest Now having been so long and so much engaged in the Affairs of Ireland of this nature and being hopeless to live to see such a vigorous Spirit for Irelands Improvement revived in the Government as was from the year 64. to the year 69. lest the succeeding Generation should be discouraged attempting Irelands Improvement in Trade and Manufactures from the common Fame of so many Miscarriages in these former Attempts I thought it my duty to leave these Memoires for their Information though I should have been glad a more polite pen had performed it yet having taken so much pains spent so much time and attained so much dear bought Experience in this Affair I shall submit the censure of my integrity and prudence in this publication to the charitable judicious and slight the Reflections of others In Matter of Fact I have not presumptuously erred sparing no pains to find out the Truth by Inquisition of the most knowing persons and searching all Records and Histories I could come at yet in an Affair consisting of so many Heads some mistakes may happen but if
VII Jesuitical Principles the cause of Irelands mischiefs and miseries therefore their interest to explode them above all the Papists in the World p. 258 A brief Narrative of all the Jesuits Treasons against their English Sovereigns from Hen. 8. to this time wherein is observ'd not only the miseries in Ireland but Englands and Scotlands troubles were promoted by them p. 259 to 264 Their Oath of Confederacy in their last Plot p. 265 The pernicious influence of that Plot though disappointed 266 267 His Majesties great tenderness and indulgence towards Dissenters for 20 years past p. 267 268 Dissenters respect to the Protestant Church of Ireland as now established how far p. 269 Dissenters the most dangerous Hereticks in Ireland to Papists p. 270 The great advantage Vnity in Loyalty would be both to Papists and Protestants in Ireland p. 271 An Alphabetical Table of the principle things in the first Part. A. ADventurers and other estated Absentees drain Ireland of Cash p. 84 85. Apparel extravagant ruines a Country pag. 20 21. Apparel of Silks destructive to Ireland Apparel spruce and costly in the meaner sort many ways inconvenient besides its Charge p. 27 28. Apparel spruce and rich contemned by many wise and potent Princes p. 30 31. Ale-topers their Charge to Ireland p. 55. B. Baronets when instituted and how to be qualiffed p. 16 17. Bastards their great Charge to Ireland p. 45 46. C. Court of Wards well regulated useful to Ireland and for what p. 12 13. D. Debaucheries their Charge to Ireland p. 37. Drunkenness the grand Wealth-consuming Debauchery p. 51. It s Trade ruining and Wealth-wasting influence p. 54 to 57. Drinking to excess is as sinful in them able to bear drink as others sooner distempered p. 60. Drunkards c. are the proper Fanaticks p. 61 62. Drunkenness disdained and grievously punished by Turks and Pagans p. 63. Drunkenness the ruine of States and Armies p. 64 to 69. E. England no pattern for Ireland in Expences and why p. 22. Effeminacy attends Debauchery p. 48 49. F. France gains by their fantastick Garbs and why p. 19. G. Gentry their bad Payment to Tradesmen ruines Trade p. 10 11. Gaming its pernicious Effects p. 42 43. H. Holiness-Ceremonial crowded Holiness-real out of the Church p. 70. Honour when disgrac'd p. 14 15 Healthing the great provoker of Drunkenness p. 58 59 Its sinful p. 60 I. Ireland not setled till when p. 2 3 4 Jesuits their under ground work p. 3 L. Laws Sumptuary p 23 24 Needful in Ireland p. 26 Laws Mercanture necessary to govern Trade p. 10 Laws Common too delatory for Trade ibid. Laws against Absentees p. 86 87 M. Merchants Honourable p. 8 9 Merchants few wealthy in Ireland and why p. 7 Merchants low esteem in Ireland lowers c. Trade p. 8 Manufacturies ruined by Silk worn in Ireland p. 20 Merchants Forreigners their damage to Ireland p. 81 82 N. Nobility when ignoble are the shame and ruine of a Country p. 12 13 14. O. Oaths prophane their provoking destructive nature p. 38 39. P. Perjury its sad Effects p. 41 42. Prophane Swearing the mother of false swearing p. 40. Perjury abhorred by Pagans first tolerated by Popes p. 41. Perjury will never be esteemed a mortal sin whilst prophane swearing is esteemed venial p. 42. Pagans their cruel Laws against Adultery p. 49 50. Prophaneness of Christendome whence p. 69. Prophanenists their Faith blasphemous and fanatical if any they have p. 74 75 76. R. Rome the Fountain of all Prophaneness and Debauchery of Christendom p. 72 73. Revenue farmed to Foreigners great loss to the Country p. 80. S. Swearing prophane its sad Effects p. 38 39. Superfluities not regulated ruines a Country p. 18 19. Strumpets to be prescribed their Apparel p. 29 30. Shipping foreign a great Charge to the Country p. 83. T. Trade its Impediments p. 1 to 11. Trade Ireland not capable of till when p. 4. V. Victuals their Plenty obstructs Trade and Manufacture p. 5 6. W. Whoring its Charge and Damage to Irelands Trade and Wealth p. 44. Destructive to Kingdoms and States pag. 48 49. Wine-bibbers their Charge to Ireland p. 5. ERRATA BY mistake of the Author and mislaying of some Papers occasioned by Business which took up his time delayed the Publication of this Book there are some Errors escaped the Press which is made good by reprinting such Leaves over again or where any were left out as between p. 95. and p 96. the several pages are denoted in the Contents by p A and p B c. calling the first p. A the second B c. which the Reader is desired to mark with his Pen. And for Miss-spellings or other Literal escapes I shall leave to his courtesie to correct and only note what harms the Sense which the Reader or rather Bookseller may soon correct with his Pen. PART I. Page 20. for families read females p. 17. for Couler r. Coller PART II. Pape 29. for confine read consigne p. 57. for Minister r. Ministry p. 190. line ult for Object r. An Answer p. 234. for 1612. r. 1600. ibid. for 812. r. 800. p. H. for momentary r. momentous p. 115. for Stilling fleet 106. r. Stillingfleet 206. Advertisement to the Binder At the end of ** in the Epistle Dedicatory there wants the Direction viz. Plebeius g g the Quarter sheet in G Part 1. is to be placed after f f in Part 2. E e the first leaf to be cancelled the last leaf of F f to be cancelled the last leaf of M m to be the first of E e N n fol. 195 196 and 199 200. to be cancelled O o fol. 213 214 217 218 221 222. to be cancelled the said leaves of N n and O o being reprinted THE INTEREST OF IRELAND In its TRADE and WEALTH Stated CHAP. I. The Reasons why Ireland being so long under the Government of England whose Policies in Trade are inferior to few Countreys should yet be so little improv'd in Trade and Wealth 1. FRom the Impediments or Obstructions Ireland hath met with and is subject unto not common to other Countreys The first and chief Impediment proceeds from the unsetledness of the Countrey as to its subjection to England's Government for though they have long prosest Allegiance to England's Crown yet they have paid but a grudging partial obedience to its Scepter And upon all occasions less or more general have been attempting to draw their necks out of England's Yoke as it s briefly but fully evidenced by Sir John Davis in his Intelligent Book dedicated to King James Intituled A Discovery of the true cause why Ireland was never intirely subdued to the Crown of England and he determines until the 9th of King James Ireland was never fully setled in subjection and obedience to the English Law and Government And if we take a view of the State of Ireland since then and allow the Reign of King James and part of King Charles the First to be
Avarice Gain But the cheap Swearer through his open sluce Le ts his Soul run for nought as little fearing Were I an Epicure I could bate Swearing Fair spoken Mendax on the least occasion Swears by his Faith and by his own Salvation Is rash-brain Mendax well advised then To pawn his Faith in God for Faith with men Sure small 's thy Wit or Credit to be drawn For wares so poor to leave so great a pawn But this Iniquity of prophane Swearing is the preparitory cause of false Swearing which is an immediate obstruction to Trade and Wealth 1. It discourageth all but especially Foreigners to trade amongst us who will hazard their stocks or persons in a Country or amongst a people where a false Oath may deprive them of their Estates or Lives c. dissolve the best Bargain and frustrate the hopefullest prospect of Gain unforeseen unremediable 2. It creates a Jealousie amongst the Tarsiquers and betwixt Neighbour and Neighbour that notwithstanding their greatest care in Contracts of all sorts a false Oath shall depâ—ive them of their Interest of all they possess 3. Perjury increaseth the number of idle loose people who find it easier to get their living by the sweat of their Consciences than the sweat of their Brows how greatly hath this Vice been abhorred by Pagans the Egyptians and Scythians punished it with Death Plutarch c. And how dreadfully punished by God vide Clerks Mirror fol. 423. to 432. We read of none but Rome Papal that could dispence with Perjury as Eugenius with Albert the Emperor and Uladislaus King of Hungary to break Faith with the Turks so Rodulph Duke of Swavia to break his Faith with the Emperor Henry the 4th but of later times nothing more frequent with the Pope c. than to absolve whole Kingdoms from their Oaths of Allegiance c. to their Princes and then hath owned their Perjury as meritorious vid. History of the Council of Trent whereby this unhappy Kingdom is in a desperate case who are in the midst of a potent people that know they may not only innocently but meritoriously break their Faith with all Hereticks as they esteem all Protestants Now this is observable that Perjuries are no where frequent where prophane Oaths are not common for when the later through custom hath stupified the Conscience that the prophaning and blaspheming the sacred Name of God becomes a pass-time it wears off that natural aw and dread of God by familiarising the Name of God vainly makes it easie to invoke his Name falsely the Solemnity of a Court will not deter them from Perjury to their Neighbours harm when the dread of Gods great Tribunal will not aw them from wronging their own Souls Therefore whilst prophane Swearing passeth for a venial Perjury will never be esteemed a mortal sin and until the Laws be more strictly executed against the first the second will not be reformed And I estimate the damage this Nation sustains by this impious Vice to amount at least to 20000 l. per annum sustained by particular persons and the general discouragement it puts upon Traffique and Commerce The second Wealth consuming Debauchery is Gaming FIrst high Gaming among the Gentry though whilst the Inhabitants of Ireland lose to each other it weakens not only transfers the Wealth of the Country from one to another but when with Foreigners that transport their Winnings it is so much loss to the Commonwealth and I hear of few that grow rich by Play as our Proverb is What is got over the Devils Back is consumed on his Belly and many and those of no mean Rank are known to others as well as my self to be reduc'd to great straights by Gaming which several prudent Princes c. Observing have strictly prohibited Alphonsus Son to Fedinando King of Spain made a Decree that none of his Nobles nor Officers should presume to play for Mony at Cards or Dice or suffer any such Gaming in their Houses on pain of forfeiting one Months Salary and being expulsed the Court for six weeks Chilon being sent from Lacedemonia to Corinth to treat of a League and observing their Rulers used Dice-play returned without opening his Commission saying He would not stain the Glory of the Spartans with so great an Ignominy as to joyn in Society with Dice-players But I shall close what I have to say to this sort of Gamesters with Herbert Game is a civil Gunpowder in peace Blowing up Houses with their whole Increase But this Vice bears hardest on the Common-wealth by the consumption of Time and Mony by our peasantly and mechanick Gamesters who spend much of their time in Winter at Cards and Dice and Shovel-board c. and in Summer in petty Bowling-Alleys and Nine-pins c. which are the common Recreations of multitudes not only of Journeymen and Apprentices but the meaner sort of Masters of most Handycrafts we will compute this sort of Gamesters to 10000 persons who besides the ruining of their poor families and thereby filling the Country with Beggars consume at least one day in a week in this sort of Recreation which compute at 12 pence a week one with another for loss of Time there being more above than under that rate and 12 pence spent in Mony obstructs of the Wealth of this Kingdom 52000 l. per annum which the Vigilancy of our Justices and Watchfulness of our Constables might prevent by executing the good Laws of the Land against them The third sort of Wealth-wasting Debaucharies is Whoring Which amongst the Wealthy if they can stifle the mutterings of Conscience as to slight these dreadful threatnings on the Committers of this sin I will be a swift Witness saith God against the Adulterers c. Malach. 3.5 so the Apostle Whoremongers and Adulterers God will judge Hebr. 13.4 so Be not deceived neither Fornicators nor Adulterers nor Effeminate c. shall inherit the Kingdom of God I say if these and multitudes of the like Texts be esteemed Apochrypha by these sort of Transgressors then let them assemble themselves by Troops in Harlots houses and as fed Horses every one neigh after his Neighbours Wife but withal consider the next words shall I not visit for these things saith the Lord shall not my Soul be avenged on such a Nation as this is Jerem. 5.7,8,9 But if the Wealthy of them would confine themselves to our Country-Strumpets and pay well where they debauch and maintain their Bastard-brood without Charge to the Parishes the Wealth of the Country would not so much suffer But so far are they from that there are some particular Parishes in this City that have forty some fifty desolate Children upon their Charge which might be much remedied by the Vigilancy of the Magistrates in executing the Statutes against Idlers on young Women living out of Service and becoming Tapsters to paltry Ale-houses or otherwise taking a Room in some by-corner and gaining Credit for a Barrel or two of Beer they there drive
not thereof nor make thy shame thy glory Frailty gets pardon by Submissiveness But he that boasts shuts that out of his story He makes flat war with God and doth defie With his poor Clod of earth the spatious Sky Besides this homour of Healthing is the cause of double if not treble the expence of Wine that would not otherwise be wasted but as it is the destruction of Health and Wealth so is it in all persons sinful 1. The enticer or provoker sins Habakkuck 2.15 Wo be to him that giveth his Neighbour Drink that puttest thy Bottle to him and makest him drunken also that thou mayest look on their nakedness a shamefull Spuing shall be on all thy Glories But some think because they are strong to drink without discomposing themselves therefore they are innocent though they drink more than makes two others drunken c. no saith the Prophet Isaiah 5.22 Wo unto them that are mighty to drink Wine and men of strength to mingle strong Drink there is a wo hangs over your heads as over your staggering spuing companions And if the Threatning of God will not restrain you though by the same Word you shall be judged at the last day where you shall receive the portion of the Drunkards which are excluded the Kingdom of Heaven 1 Cor. 6.10 Yet let the Light of natural Consciense manifested by civil Heathens in contempt of this besotting Vice be considered shall Christians not only practice but glory in Vice Heathens abhor and are ashamed of The Lacedemonians used to make their Slaves drunk in the sight of their Children to beget in them an abhorrency of the Vice as only becoming Slaves The Carthaginians esteemed the Name of a Drunkard hateful for which they were thrust out of all publick Offices with ignominy Alex. ab Alex. There being a drunken Cobler in Boneventum named Vatinius they in disdain called their great Glasses by his Name to caution persons of better quality from imitating so sordid a fellow Juvenal fol. 143. Saith Herbert If men of meaner sort Make Drunkenness but a sport Yet let no men of place Their State so much disgrace This is a Sense-stupifying and a Reason-depraving Vice yet its Votaries are most ready to reproach sober persons for Fanaticks when themselves turn our Taverns c. into so many Bedlams we have a Story in Burtons Melancholy of a crew of Fuddle-caps in a House in Agrigentums had drunk themselves so mad they conceited the House was a Ship tossing in the Sea and ready to sink whereupon they fell a throwing all the Housholdstuff out of the Windows to save themselves the Magistrates coming to quiet their disorder they worshipped them as Tritons or Sea-Gods Burt. Mel. p. 163. This Vice doth not only obstruct Trade and consume the Wealth of Nations to their great impoverishing but oft times is the cause of the utter ruine of great Kingdoms and mighty Monarchs c. For proof of which take these Instances When Benhadad the King of Assyria was drinking himself drunk with thirty two Kings his Allies then a few people came out of Samaria destroyed them first and then his mighty Army 1 Kings 20.16 So that Traytor Zimri watch'd his opportunity to destroy Baasha King of Israel when he was drinking himself drunk in the House of Arza his Steward 1 Kings 16.9 Young Belshazzar was surprized and slain with 1000 of his Lords and all his Concubines and his Kingdom seized by old Darius the Mead when they were all drunk at a Feast Dan. 5. Prophane Histories are full of the dreadful consequences of this brutish Vice Great Alexander after he had conquered the World was such a slave to this Lust it subjected him to all other Debaucheries wherein Solomons saying was verified Prov. 16.32 He that is slow to anger is better than the mighty and he that ruleth his Spirit than he that taketh a City Drunkenness metamorphosed him to such a Bedlam that he commanded to be killed his best beloved Clitus when drunk and when sober was so vex'd he was with difficulty restrained from killing himself when drunk set stately Persepolis on fire at the instigation of Lais his Harlot so Drunkenness and Whoredom joyned hands in that mad prank soon after with his beloved Epheston drunk themselves dead whilst young with 41 more of his Officers who drunk with him for a wager Justins History pag. 139. Millions of helps cannot support that Crown Which Sins assault Fate justly pulls it down That all the world shall know how greatest Kings Are thrall to change as well as weaker things No marvel thou great Monarch didst complain And weep there were no other Worlds to gain Thy griefs and thy complaints were not amiss H' has grief enough that finds no world but this Tir Owen the Rebel would drink his Body into such flame his Servants used to set him up to the chin in earth to cool him Camb. Eliz. Philip of Macedon Zeno Bonosus Phocius the Emperor Armintus King of Siracuse Cleonians King of Lacedemonia Sliolmus King of the Goths Touthio King of the Ilerions Marcus Antonius Vortiger King of the Britains c. came all to ill ends and their States ruined by their Drunkenness The Mahometans are such enemies to this besotting Vice they prohibit Wine A Souldier being brought drunk before the Grand Vizier he sentenc'd him to have boiling Lead poured into his mouth and ears Turks History fol. 1332. No wonder the temperate Turks should overrun so much of debauched Christendom for as this Vice is destructive to Cities and Countries in peace much more it is fatal to Armies in war As is before instanced Sardanapalus Baasha Belshazzer Alexander M. c. And that this hath been the experience of the Antients Histories abundantly testifie saith Juvenal Victory comes easily when the Foes are tipled lisping reeling men are easily overcome fol. 404. The warlike Athenians so detested Drunkenness they prohibited Wine to be tasted in their Camp Howels History of the World 395. Manlius was accused by the Senate for ushering Effeminacy and Luxury into Rome by the Lax Discipline in his Army the same Galuenus Howel 948. The old Assyrian Monarchy after 1400 years flourishing was lost by the Effeminacy and Debauchery of Sardanapalus on whose Tomb they writ this Epitaph Friend eat drink and play for all things else are not worth a â—ilip Howel fol. 14. Agron Prince of Ilyria drunk himself dead for joy of his Successes against the Atolians Howel p. 699. The Indignation Heathens have had against this Vice appears in the opprobrious Epethetes they have put upon the greatest Masters in the Art it was said of Bonosus the Emperor he was born not to live but to drink and when he was overcome by Probus and hang'd himself the people in scorn upbraided him saying Here hangs a Tankard not a Man Diotinus of Athens for his excessive Drinking was in scorn called Tundish young Cicero was term'd Tricongii for his drinking whole Cups It was
all their lives should be so rude to accuse and condemn them then when they will have no other Friend to plead for them or that their faithful Ministers who frequently warn'd them from the Pulpit will be so little Gentlemen as to witness against them at that Bar or that the merciful Judge will be so severe to send them away with a Go ye cursed into Hell fire prepared for the Devil and his Angels for the omission of so smaall a Duty as they now esteem sincere and timely Repentance Or at the worst if he should the Devils will be afraid to seise them lest they should take it for an Affront that deserves a Cudgelling or at least will not be so ungrateful as to torment such faithful Servants to their Interest in the World that were always at their beck and never rejected one of their Temptations these are such as the Prophet Isaiah complains of in his time who said We have made a Covenant with Death and with Hell we are at an agreement when the overflowing Scourge shall pass thorough it shall not come unto us I say no thought can be so vile nor imagination so absurd no day-dream nor Enthusiastical delusion can parallel the depraved Fancies of these Professors of Prophaneness if we may judge the Tree by their Fruits or mens Hearts by their Lives who Saint Paul reproves with Tears Philippians 3.18 that they so walk as they are a shame to the Christian Religion whose God is their Belly whose Glory is their Shame c. And in vain shall we strive to rescue the Obstruction of our Trade and Consumption of our Wealth from the Desolating Influences of these four sorts of Debauchees until Atheism and Prophaneness are esteemed more God-provoking Sins and more ignoble and ingentile Qualities Herbert Oh how corrupt's the Nature of mans Will That breaks those Laws which very Beasts fulfil When we have lost our way to God how level How easie to be sound 's the way to 'th Devil CHAP. VI. Stating the intolerable Charge and Expence Ireland is at by maintaining Foreigners to its peculiar Interest in the most profitable Imployments and Offices I shall only make my Observations of what Ireland hath suffered thereby these fifteen years viz. from the 28th of July 1662. the Duke of Ormond first entred on the Government until the 24th of August 1677. the Earl of Essex surrendered which Charge and Expence I shal reduce to these seven Heads 1. By the Court of Claims 2. By the Farmers of the Kings Revenue and Treasury 3. By special Grants upon the Treasury of Gratuities and Pentions to Non-residents 4. By Foreign Merchants and their Factors 5. By exporting and importing on Foreign bottoms 6. By Absentees 7. By the Chief Governours  Yearly Charge Total 1 BY the Court of Claims the Commissioners all Foreigners besides several Counsellors Assistants and Servants and tho' there were reasons why the Judges of this Court shuold be such as were not interested in the Estates of Ireland yet what they gained was so much loss to the Country for   Besides what other advantages and profits they made they receiv'd 1 penny per Acre upon all Lands passing their Court being 6883 846 Acres which amounts to  28682 13 10 All other advantages to them and theirs coming in and going out with them cannot be estimated to less than  5000 00 00 2. The last Sett of Farmers with their Commissioners all Forreigners and about 20 of the best sort of their Officers came and returned with them   1. The Profit of their Farm estimated at per an 10000 00 00  for seven years amounts to  70000 00 00 Besides the Interest the King paid for their seventy thousand pound advance-money at per annum 7000 00 00  which for seven years amounts to  49000 00 00 2. The Salary of their five Commissioners at 500 l. each is per annum 2500 00 00  which for seven years amounts to  17500 00 00 3. Twenty Officers Foreigners at 100 l. one with another is per ann 2000 00 00  which for seven years amounts unto  14000 00 00 I take no notice of the first sett of Farmers because they were our Countrymen and our Common-Wealth did enjoy them and their Gains after their Farm was determined   The Contracters for the Treasury being not accountable we cannot so well compute their Gains but I have heard some more capable of guessing affirm that when all their Arrears are got in they cannot gain less than 60000 l. 2 thirds of them being Foreigners is damage to the Country 40000 l. their Commissioners being most our Country-men or staying with us I shall not account their Salaries loss to the Country and I cannot learn they imploy'd many Foreigners under them  40000 00 00 3. Special Pentions and Annuities payable by the Establishment for Ireland to persons not inhabiting there computed at per ann 5000 00 00  which for fifteen years amounts to  75000 00 00 4. The fourth Expence is by Foreign Merchants and their Factors which can no way be exactly computed but by examining the Custom-house Books but at least one moyety of the whole Traffique of the Nation is carried on by Forreign Stocks the whole Profit accrewing to the Foreigner is estimated to be at least per ann 40000 00 00  Then one half of this Trade is managed by foreign Factors which must amount unto at least the eighth part of the profit of their principals which is per ann 5000 00 00  this charge for 15 years amounts to  675000 00 00 For what Factorage is given to our own Inhabitants 't is no loss but gain to the Country all which may be easily preserved to them without obstructing Trade or lessening the Kings Customs as I shew in the Chapter of Company Trade   5. Our trading in foreign bottoms is a vast Charge to this Kingdom computed at least to amount unto per annum 60000 00 00  Besides the loss of the Seamens Habitations and Families expences the chief Inhabitans of Port-towns as also the many Artists imployed in building repairing rigging of Ships c. at least per annum 30000 00 00  damage as I shall further evidence in the Chapter of Shipping which may all be saved by Corporation-Trade as appears in that Chapter   This expence of 90000 pound per annum for 15 years amounts to  1350000 00 6. Above any of 〈◊〉 the Stock drained ou◠of this Kingdom by Absentees which is now augmented above treble what it was formerly by the great Estates the Adventurers possess who being most of them estated men in England live there and draw over a vast sum of Money yearly they possess of the Lands of this Kingdom 787326 Acres which valued at 2 s. an Acre one with another much of their Lands lying in the best parts of the Kingdom
the Account cleared without receiving or paying a peny of Money The which is also practicable in most other cases and all these Assignments have the security of a Bond of the Staple whereby not only the hazard and trouble of Moneys as before but the hazard of disappointment and the charge and delay of Law-suits is wholly prevented and this is not only as to intire sums but the 100 l. may be as easily assigned to 20 persons with a little more trouble in writing and will not only be useful in this case of Traffick and prevent the hazard and charge many Merchants now undergo by the ignorance or unfaithfulness of their Casheers but also accommodate other persons that have occasion to pay or receive Money As for example A Gentleman having an Estate in several parts of the Kingdom far distant from his dwelling may order his Rents to be paid in the next adjacent Bank and being there lodged he may transmit it to any other Bank in the Kingdom and thou assign a Debtor or other person to receive it And this sort of payment being all visible in Bank will be a more certain Discharge or Acquittance than any other that can be given and will wear all other Specialties much out of use and prompt all men to choose Bank-Security before any other where he may have his Money on Rebate at any time before it 's due Besides this Bank-credit will be a conveniency and great incouragement to young Merchants who may be both ingenious and industrious yet their small Stocks being lodged in Goods which they cannot dispose by reason the Market is cloyed or other accidents whereas upon the security of these Goods they may have Credit in Bank to keep up their Trade and pay off such Debts out of the product of such Goods as they can dispose of them to their best advantage Or suppose a Clothier Tanner or Chandler c. have disburst their Stocks in providing Cloath Leather or Tallow and Markets fail at the season expected the charge of Ware-Houses and Servants c. lye upon them though they have no free Stock to keep them at work are thereby eaten up but if they have this Bank to come unto proportionable to the quantity of their Commodities they are supplyed with Money or Credit to go on chearfully in their Callings Or it may happen an honest and sufficient Man may be indebted upon a Statute or Judgment and cannot raise the Money by the time limited nor the Creditors occasions for his Money suffer him to forbear it the Credit of one is preserved and the Want of the other supplyed without extremity of charge and damage to either since the Bank upon Security answers the Money And besides the general benefit to the Kingdom by increasing Trade and Commerce there will not be a person of the highest or lowest Rank but will find a conveniency and benefit by the Bank A Nobleman of 10000 l. per ann may have occasion for 500. or 1000 l. more or less some short time before his Rent come in but without Mortgaging part of his Estate and paying six months Interest no man will trouble himself to pay and receive Money whereas if himself or any friend of his have Credit in Bank he is supply'd for what weeks or days he pleases And so a poor man ingenious and industrious could put himself into a way to maintain his Family comfortably could he procure but a smal Sum of Money if he goes to Pawn-brokers it is ordinary with them to demand Six pence or Four pence a week for every Pound which for a year is more than the Principal whereas by the Bank Lumber he may be supplied if not gratis yet at less than legal Interest and by this the Jews and Dutch preserve themselves from Beggers the feeblest amongst them if not bed-rid are put into a capacity to get their livelihoods and for others Hospitals are provided Therefore let not this Bank Traffique be rejected as an unpracticable notion for it is beyond contradiction that England c. have raised themselves from little to great Trade thereby and so may Ireland if not wanting to it self This expedient of Banks and Company-trade were the first foundation of the great Traffique of other Countries flourishing in Trade as Venice Florence Belgia c. where the very Constitutions of their Government are form'd principally for the promotion of Trade their Princes and Nobles being their chief Merchants and their Senates Councils of Trade And the Hans-Towns of Germany raised their Trade by this means who were the first Corporation of Trade we read of above sixty Towns and Cities united their Stocks and Policies of which Lubeck Brumswick Danzick and Cullen were the chief places of their Residence and so great was their Trade and Credit under that Constitution that all Princes granted them Priviledges and they kept their Courts by their Deputies and Councils at Bergen Novagrade Antwerpe and London where King Henry 3. granted them great Priviledges and the Still-yards for their residence which they enjoyed near 300 years and managed their Trade by an Alderman and Council c. called the Yeild of the Hans ingrossed the Trade of England for Grain Cables Mast Pitch Tar c. until by their example each Country learnt the knowledge of Trade themselves and dismissed them And in the year 1551. being the 5. of Edw. 6. upon complaint of the English Merchants their priviledges were seised into the Kings Hands and the Trade ever since enjoyed by the Merchants of London to the great enriching of that famous City And the best president I can lay before Ireland is England who untill the Reign of Hen. 3. was as confused and consequently as low in Trade as Ireland is now but hath been especially for these last 140 years the most flourishing Kingdom in Trade in the world and they must commence the rise and growth of their Trade from their beginning to trade by united Stocks and Policies for which a Patent was first obtained by the Merchant Staplers from Edw. 3. from which time we find our Statute Books crowded with excellent Laws for the encouraging and regulating Trade which yet did not arrive to its height and splendor until about the beginning of the Reign of Queen Elizabeth who did not only confirm what was done by her Predecessors but augmented and greatly enlarged the Priviledges of that ancient Company of Staplers and confirmed the Charter of the Muscovy Company newly granted by Philip and Mary and ordained in her time three new Corporations for Trade which enlarged the Trade of England abundantly viz. the East-India the Levant and Eastland Companies the Priviledges of all which have been confirmed and enlarged with great respect by all her Successors in Parliament and His Majesty that now is hath added the African and Canary Companies that if we had no other Argument to prove united Stocks and Policies in Trade the great if not the only means to
promote and increase Traffique and Commerce the Examples of so many prudent Princes and States and the Experience of the Kings and Parliaments of England for this 300 years past might serve But I shall demonstrate by good reason and unquestionable authority when opposed that this one expedient shall remove all the considerable impediments of Trade in a short time dam up the current of much of our Expence upon Foreign Growth shall reduce our confused Trade to a method improve the native Growth of the Country to its height as to Value at home and Credit abroad shall rescue our Trade managed by foreign Stocks into our own hands shall increase His Majesties Revenue and enable his Subjects of Ireland to farm it upon terms more to the Kings profit and conveniency and the Kingdoms benefit and content and to advance considerable Sums upon the Security of any Branch of His Majesties Revenue when his Affairs shall require it And I will further undertake to demonstrate that all other Expedients without this shall never attain these Ends let a Parliament pass all the Statutes of England for the incouragement of Trade in Ireland it shall signifie no more than good Laws without Courts of Justice to execute them for though Interest prompts people to Industry yet it neither qualifies nor governs them in right methods to attain their ends A stragling Trade managed by particular persons each striving to advance his private Interest though to the ruine of the Trade in general and obstructing it in other particulars can no more make a Country flourish in Trade than a stragling Army without Discipline and Order can preserve its peace But designing brevity I shall only assert that Ireland is now much more able to erect govern such a Trade than England was about 300 years ago when Ed. 1. incourag'd it and Ed. 3. established by Charter the Company of Staplers or Merchant Adventurers which was the Mother Company of England and all it enjoy'd until Philip and Mary erected the Muscovy Company yet that one Company removed the Staple from foreign parts to our own ports and soon after the Clothing Trade from Flanders whereby the Growth of England especially the Wools were improved to 5 and 7 and in some cases after the Worsted-trade of Stuffs and Stockings was attained to ten times its value I am not unsensible that this Work will meet with opposition from some particular persons whose private Interest may seem to be invaded by it for so did that ancient and beneficial Company of Staplers in England as a Monopoly intrenching upon the Liberty of the Subject to the Parliaments in Hen. 4. Hen. 7. Edw. 6. and Queen Maries time yet all parties being heard those Complaints were quash'd and the Priviledges of the Companies ratified and enlarged Yet again in Queen Elizabeths time the importunity of the Clothiers prevailed against the Company but after a short tryal the Clothing Countries were ruined to that extremity that in the 29th of Elizabeth the Lords of the Council sent for the members of the Company and desired them to reassume their Priviledges and cheerfully proceed in their Trade and they should receive all possible countenance and assistance So in the Reign of King James Alderman Cocken of London c. prevailed to have the Company dissolv'd but after two years confusion Trade so miserably languished that the King published his Proclamation Anno 1617. for the Restitution of the Company to its ancient Priviledges In like manner King Charles the first observing the decay of Trade from the confusion intruding Interlopers brought upon it publisht his Proclamation Dec. 7. 1634. Whereas we have taken into our Princely consideration the manifold Benifits that redound to this Kingdom c. and finding how much Government and Order will conduce to the increase and advancement of the same We have thought fit with the Advice of our Privy Council to declare our Royal Pleasure herein c. and then positively and largely prohibits any to intrude upon the Companies Priviledge upon pain of his high Displeasure and of such Punishments as the Court of Star-Chamber whom We especially charge with the Execution of our Royal Pleasure herein shall think fit to inflict for such Contempts After this the 11th of March 1643. both Houses past an Ordinance intituled For the Upholding of the Government of the Fellowship of Merchant Adventurers of England c. near to the same effect as His Majesties Proclamation before recited And as Corporation Traffique hath procured all the flourishing Trade England now enjoys so the Portugals Dutch c. have thereby altered the whole course of Trade that Venice had with India Arabia and Persia Venice being the ancient Mart for the Commodities of those Countries now buy of us so the English Levant Company hath wrested the India Trade from the Turks and now sell where Venice used to buy And that which gives England and Ireland the advantage in Traffique is the staple Commodities they sell necessary for Life as Flesh Fish c. for the Belly Cloth Stuffs c. for the Back that in most Countries England trades with they wear Englands Woollen Livery eat in English Pewter Seasons and Sauce with Englands Indian Spices shod with English Leather there is no Clothing in Spain esteemed like the English Bayse and Stuffs nor no Food exceeds the English Herring and Pilcher Sweden Denmark and all those cold Northeast Countries within the Sound to the bottom of the Baltick keep themselves warm by English woollen Cloth and all this obtained by vertue of Englands Trade by united Stoks and Policy For in little above 100 years Europe was so far from trading with the East and West Indies the West were unheard of as I shew in my Treatise of Traffique and the East unknown otherwise than by report to our Mariners and Merchants Italian and Spanish Merchants were esteemed great Adventurers until the Turkie and East India Companies were incorporated by Queen Elizabeth who God made instrumental not only to reform Religion but to regulate and advance Trade Englands and Hollands true Religion and potent Trade came together God grant they never go together it is worthy our observation how the mighty flourishing Monarchy of Spain since Charles the 5. and his Son Philip the 2. hath dwindled away and decayed in Fame and Potency since they erected their barbarous Inquisition which banished their Trade and Wealth to England and Holland that Antwerpe and Sevils Ebb tide in Trade hath made it full Sea at London and Amsterdam and as England and Holland hath gained their Trade and Wealth by being Receptacles and Shelters of persecuted Protestants so will the contrary lose it the Italians have a proverb He that would improve Italy must destroy Milan that is disperse the multitude of Artists there setled to the other Cities that want them which nothing so naturally effects as Persecution Let them beware they lose it not by persecuting them and driving them away The
Commerce of this Society be prescribed by the major part of its Members at their annual Councils at which time the Governor c. are to give an account of their whole Transactions for the time past and to propose to the general Assembly what they shall think fit to be then considered for the Proceed of the Company the ensuing year 3. That a known place be provided near the Exchange and the Office to be open from nine to twelve in the forenoon and from three to six in the afternoon and as business increaseth so the time to be enlarged 4. That a Bank Lumber be erected to supply the occasions of the poorer sort with small sums of Mony upon Pawns at reasonable rates 5. That the whole Constitution of the Bank and Corporation with its Priviledges and Securities be confirmed by Act of Parliament 6. For the mutual Security not only against each other but also betwixt the Bank and all persons it shall give or receive Credit from that they do agree that all their Bills and Tickets do bear the force of Bonds of the Staple by prevailing with the City of Dublin c. until a Parliament meet that the Governor of this Society to be still chosen Mayor of the Staple the profit of all Statutes acknowledge for Debt not relating to the Bank-trade to be still entred in the City Book and paid to the City Treasurer or whom they shall appoinâ— to receive it as also all their Entries and Certificates to bear the Credit of a Publick Notary by swearing one Clerke of the Office in that capacity which will strengthen the credit of their Security and facilitate all their transactions Besides this Affair upon the Foundation of the Law of the Staple will give a legal stamp until the Kings Patent be obtained and a Parliament of Ireland meet to enact the same It may be serviceable to both Kingdoms in executing the Laws against Transporting our Irish Wools into Foreign parts which hath been the bane of the Clothing Trade of England as well as Ireland for by the advantage of our Irish Wools both France and the Low Countries have been able to work up their own Wools to the height of our English Staple which otherwise they were not capable of for as the Wools of Spain and the more southerly parts of France are too tender and fine for strong thick Cloth so the Northerly Wools are too course and harsh to produce it but mixing our Wools with either they produce Cloth of what sort they please by which advantage the great Trade for Woollen Manufacture of the Hamborough Eastland and Muscovy Companies are much damnified who vended the greatest proportion of our Northern course and middle Cloths c. Poland Silesia c. having not only much increased the number of their Sheep but improved the Staple of their Wools of late years and encouraged great numbers of the English Weavers c. to settle amongst them besides the Prince Elector Palatine hath carried over into his Country many thousands of English Families all Artists in the Woollen Manufacture within these twenty years But if the transporting of our Irish Wools could be prevented it would put a violent check to their progress for which we have good and severe Laws only want persons interested to prosecute and execute them and it would be the interest of this Corporation to use their utmost diligence therein both in order to increase their own Manufactures for the supply of their Exportations and discourage foreign Manufactures to preserve their Market And as it would be much their Interest so will they be in a capacity to effect it above any other Judicatures by the advantage of their Factors and Correspondents in all Ports who will easily discover all attempts of that kind especially having the Authority and observing the method of the Staple which 1. Limits the Transportation of staple Commodities to certain known publick places to be bought and sold as Newcastle upon Tine York Lincolne Norwich Westminster Canterbury Chichester Winchester Exeter and Bristol in Ireland at Dublin Waterford Drogheda and Cork and for Wales Carmarthen where all Wools Wool Fells Leather Led c. were to be brought and weighed at the Kings Beam and every Sack or Bag of Wool to be sealed by the Mayor of the Staple c. 2. As they are by the said Act confined to places for Markets so to Ports for Shipping as for York at Hull Lincoln at Boston Norwich at Yarmouth Westminster at London Canterbury at Sandwich VVinchester at Southampton to be again weighed at the Ports before the Customers and an Indenture signed betwixt the Mayor of the Staple and the Customers all which with the Weight and Custom paid to be express'd in the Cocket at that time every Sack of Wool paid six shillings eight pence two hundred Wool Fells twenty shillings a Last of Leather thirteen shillings four pence and every Sow of Lead three pence Foreigners paid a third more besides the Merchant to take an Oath before the Mayor of the Staple c. that they should hold no Staple beyond the Sea of the same Commodities according to the 27th of Edward the Third Chap. 1. State Staple Now if our Ancestors found reason to keep this methodical Check upon the Transportation of Wools only to preserve the Kings small Duty before England attained the Woollen Manufacture much more ought there now to be a stricter Check observed when not only the Kings great Duty but Manufacture which is the Wealth and Glory of the Country depends upon it And for Ireland the Staple being confined to the four Ports beforementioned all upon the English Sea both for Markets and Shiping if it were now observed with these following Rules added they could never wrong us of a Bag of Wool 1. That as our Ports are prescribed so the Markets of the Staple appointed as before observed in England and every Town prescribed its Port to ship that the Staplers at every such Market should maintain a sworn Weigher who should certifie to the Staple Port the Quantity and Quality of the Wool then weighed and to whom sold 2. That no person be permitted to buy or sell Wools c. but a Brother of the Yeild of the Staple who upon their Freedom are sworn not to transgress its Laws If Foreigners to give Security to observe the Staple Rules 3. That no Ship be permitted to transport Wool that do not belong either to the Port where it was taken in or the Port in England it is consign'd to 4. That no Security be accepted but known substantial Inhabitants of the Port the Goods are ship'd from 5. That the Clerk of the Licenses register every License and issue no more to that person until he bring a Certificate or a Copy of the Cocket from the Custom-house of the due shiping of the former to be â—il'd That the Certificate of its true landing be returned in six months after the date of the
Health increaseth and that this is Irelands present case is manifest for if it be considered that before the last Rebellion the Irish Interest was potent 1. The Irish were far the greater number of Proprietors of Land possessing ten Acres for one whereas now of the Ten millions eight hundred sixty eight thousand nine hundred forty nine Acres returned by the last Survey of Ireland the Irish Papists are possest but of Two millions forty one thousand one hundred and eight Acres which is but a small matter above the fifth part of the whole and as the Proprietors of Lands so is it in their Plantations for where there was one English Planter before the last Rebellion 1641. it is judged there is three now and in several of the principal Counties next adjacent to England as Wicklow and VVexford where there was ten Irish Papists to one English Protestant the odds now lies on the other hand 2. Before 1641. their Interest in the Lands and Popularity of the Inhabitants necessitated the Government to admit them to all County-Offices as High Sheriffs Justices c. wherby they had opportunity to encourage the Irish and discountenance the English but now not one Irish Sheriff or Justice in the Kingdom 3. Before the Rebellion the chief Inhabitants of all principal Cities and strong Towns were Irish Papists who bore all Offices and managed the chief Trade of those places all which places are now planted or at least governed by English Protestants 4. Before the Rebellion those Freeholders and Proprietors of Lands there were in Ireland were not the Kings Tenants but derived their Titles from the Irish Noblemen and Gentlemen which contracted an immediate dependence upon them and kept an awing influence over them for though the Kings of England were owned as Lords of Ireland yet the Lords of Ireland ruled as Kings and were so stiled by the Kings of England as is observed by Sir John Davis out of several Records saith he They governed their people by their Brehon Law they made their Magistrates and Officers they pardoned and punished all Malefactors they made War and Peace one with another without controlment and this to the Reign of Queen Elizabeth pag. 13 14. So Hovendon p. 312. and were not entirely subjected to the English Laws until the 9th of King James but had that learned Observer lived until the 12th of Charles the Second he would have admitted Ireland was never entirely subjected to the Crown of England nor the Lands of Ireland never properly called the Kings Land until the Act of Settlement then past as Sir Audley Mervin then Speaker to the House of Commons in his Speech to the Duke of Ormonde called that Act Irelands Magna Charta it exceeding all former Grants of the Kings of England and former Submissions of the body of the People of Ireland in these particulars 1. As a free Act of Grace when His Majesty was under no politick Obligation but what meer Grace and Bounty mov'd him to which never any Grant before was for though they were still stiled Acts of Grace yet Reason of State interposed for them which will be easily granted if the State of England and Ireland be compared at the time of those former Royal Confessions when the Irish still treated with their Swords in their hands or at least hid where they knew how to find them if they were not answered in their expectation as in the History of Desmonds and Tyrones c. Rebellion is manifest 2. Former Grants did only dispose of some Countrys or Lordships to some few persons who depended upon the Crown and all others upon them but this of the whole Land that was not before disposed of whereby there is more Tenants to the Crown settled by this Act above forty for one than by any former Grants 3. Not only the Lands of Ireland but all the Cities and strong walled Towns are secured in hands true to the Crown of England by this Act that never were before 4. By this Act there is a Revenue secured to the King sufficient to maintain a compleat Army to preserve the Peace which never was before Therefore I argue the state of the Interest not only of the Crown but of the Kingdom of Ireland is altered as to the Freehold Interest above double nay treble to what it ever was before the English being in possession by that Act of four millions five hundred sixty thousand thirty seven Acres and the Irish but in two millions three hundred twenty three thousand eight hundred and nine so that if the majority of Proprietors may give the denominations to a Country which usually it doth Ireland is become West England Besides this the governing party universally professeth and only incourageth the English publick Worship it is governed by English Laws enacted by English Parliaments and administred by English Judges guarded by an English Army and governed by English Ministers of State to that degree it never was before and all this administred by the absolute Commission from the King of England and must it yet be kept under and esteemed of as an Irish Interest and Country when the very Nature and civil Constitution of Ireland is altered and proportionably ought the Wealth and Prosperity of it to be promoted by England for these Reasons 1. It is the Interest both of the Crown and People of England to enable the English Interest of Ireland not only to support its self in peace but to defend its self in war which nothing but promoting its Trade and Wealth will do especially the Wealth of its Cities and walled Towns for the increasing its Wealth in the Fields doth rather increase its danger by enouraging the needy Natives the rather to rise when they observe how easily they can possess themselves of so great a Booty but the Wealth of the Cities and strong Towns which is the trading Stock of the Nation is secure and ready to be imployed in the defence of their King and Countries Interest when in danger besides they are the only security and refuge to the distressed English when banished from their Country Habitations and these places of strength cannot subsist without Trade and Manufacture but by more chargeable Garisons than the Revenue of Ireland will bear And what Ireland cannot do in order to its safety England must supply to prevent its own danger for if ever an Enemy surprize and possess Ireland especially the French England must maintain a greater standing Force to secure themselves than would have preserved Ireland if imployed in its Defence it is not a groundless proverb He that would England win must with Ireland first begin and if the French who hath already the opposite Coast and Harbours from Dunkirk to Brest ever obtain Ireland they will then surround three parts of four of England and a great part of Scotland so near that in a few hours they may invade what part they please which would necessitate England to be at the charge of
trusted with the Safety of the Victors Interest in their own Country unless they submitted and became Tributaries under Compact before conquered Not only these ancient but our modern Monarchs practice the same as the Grand Seignior and the German Empire consisting of many distinct Principalities and States yet all governed by their own Princes and Senators except what are in slavery and they by those Colonies sent to plant and keep them under the like are the Principalities and States of Italy under the Papal Regency which I hint to vindicate my Assertion from Novelty it having been the universal Policy in all Ages and Countries as all that are acquainted with History must grant But the case of the English in Ireland is far before these other cases they are not only English by priviledge as Paul was a Roman but English by Blood and many of them English by Birth they are so far from being a conquered or a tributary people that they are the Conquerors by vertue of whose Blood and the Blood of their Ancestors the Scepter of England is there swayed and the chief Security the Crown of England hath for its Regency is the Strength and Potency of the English in Ireland 1000 men raised for the Defence of Ireland of its own Inhabitants is worth two for the suppressing a Rebellion of new raised men out of England for besides their subjection to the Diseases of the Country at first which usually destroy a great part of them before they have been six months in the Field they have no motive to encourage them nor Interest to fight for but Honor and Profit whereas the other who have their Title from the Crown for every Acre they possess in Ireland are more engaged to secure the Interest of the Crown than the King himself is theirs few of the forfeiting Irish look so far as the King who reassumes and disposeth of their Estates but eye with indignation the present possessors as was manifest in the last horrid Massacre whilst they barbarously murthered the possessors of their Estates they both by Addresses and publick Remonstrances asserted their Loyalty to the King and though the Kings Interest at present suffer yet the Recovery of it is secure so long as England and Scotland can raise Souldiers to pour in upon them But the Subjects whose throats are cut and their Houses and Improvements destroyed Wives and Daughters ravished and Children murthered can have no reparation in this world and such as do escape with their lives are utterly ruined in their Fortunes oft constrained to sell a good part of their wasted Lands in the Irish Quarters for a third part of its value to procure Mony to preserve them and theirs from starving Now the Survivors to these Families are doubtless above all other people engaged to preserve and recover the Interest of the Crown in time of War and consequently most merit to enjoy the profitable Imployments of the Country in times of Peace being every way more engaged and better qualified for the Kings Service there than pro tempore persons who have no obligation upon them but their present Honour or Profit that if the Kingdom be lost under their Conduct if they can but preserve their Lives and Honours they lose nothing that pincheth afterward whereas the Noblemen and Gentlemen of Ireland some of which having Princely Estates may be reduc'd to extremity of want of which we had many woful presidents the last Rebellion and all the Politicks I have read esteem desperate hazard and danger will make a Coward valiant therefore advise to make a slying Enemy a golden Bridge much more engage the Hearts and Hands of persons of Honour and Courage when they they do not only fight for the King and their Country but for their VVives and Children their Houses and Lands as Nehem. 4.14 they cannot forget how many of their Wives and Daughters were ravished and innocent Children murthered in the sight of their dearest Relations and Friends and from thence will rather dye than fall into the Hands of such bloody miscreants whose tender mercies are cruelties which is not the case of new English Spencer pag. 8. treating of Military Officers puts a great weight upon imploying Officers acquainted with the Country saith he The Reducing of Ireland will ask no long time nor great charge so as the effecting thereof be committed to men of trust and sound experience in the Country but if left to such raw Captains as are usually sent out of England c. it will fall to the ground c. for before they have gather'd Experience they shall buy it with great loss to Her Majesty either by hazarding their Companies by ignorance of the places and manner of Irish Service or by losing much time to take out their lesson c. besides saith he there is a great wrong done to the old Souldiers when the Advancement due unto them is cut off by shuffling in these new cutting Captains into the places for which they have long served and well deserved To say the truth saith he me thinks it is meet before men be made Captains they should be first Souldiers pag. 84. for men throughly acquainted both with the state of the Country and manners of the people should be still continued pag. 85. Saith Livy The Romans could perform nothing memorable in their Conquest of Sicilia whilst they frequently changed the Commanders of their Army because new Commanders spent so much time in their new preparations chusing their Ground and insinuating themselves into the old Souldiery they had no time left for the management of their Affairs before they were removed but to prevent their Consuls from being removed from the head of their Armies being annually chosen they chose a Dictator Liv. Supplement 79. And that this hath been the Opinion of all our Kings of England since the Conquest of Ireland will more evidently appear by the ensuing Catalogue formed in two Columes to distinguish betwixt English and Irish Chief Governors only note that such of them as are in the English Colume 1. If they be sent again we esteem them of Ireland and place them in the Irish Colume supposing they were therefore sent because of their experience in and knowledge they have gained of the Country by their former Service c. 2. I do also esteem all of the Royal Line interested persons and therefore place them in the Irish Colume A Catalogue of the Chief Governors of Ireland from the first Conquest to the Year 1680. by which may be observed that persons related to and acquainted with and interested in Irelands Welfare have been most imployed in its Government by the Kings of England FFrom 1167. unto 1170. was spent by Strongbow and his Assistance in vindicating the Quarrel of Mac Murrogh King of Leinster c. 1171. The King jealous of Strongbows potency comes towards Ireland Srongbow meets him at Glocester surrenders all his Conquests to his Dispose returns with him to VVaterford
Government Hook 71.  1346. Sir Roger Darcy L.J.  1346. Sir John Maurice L.J. In whose time Desmond made a dissention between the English of Blood and English of Birth  1348. Sir Walter Bermingham L.J. John Archer Dep. Camp 90.  1349. Sir Walter Bermingham L.J.  1349. Baron Carey L.J.   1349. Sir Tho. Rooksby L.J. Whose saying was he had rather drink out of Wooden Cups and pay Gold and Silver for his Liquor than drink out of Gold and make wooden payment a man of sincere and upright Conscience saith Camp 91. he would be deemed a precise Fop in these days 1351. Bishop of Lymerick L.J. The Vlsters rebel and subdued by the Savages Camp 30.  1355. Earl of Desmond L.J.  1356. Sir Tho. Rooksby a second time L.J.   1357. Sir Almerick de Sancta L.J. 1359. James Butler Earl of Ormond L.J. He married the Grandchild of Edw. the first for which his Son James was stiled by way of preheminence the Noble Earl  1360. Earl of Kildare L.J. Appointed 500 l. per ann Salery and required out of that to maintain 20 great Horse for War Hook 72.  1361. Duke of Clarence Lord Lieutenant The third Son of Edw. the third Earl of Vlster and Lord of Connaght he vanquished the Obrians c. and conquered the County of Clare from which he derived his Title of Clarence  1364. James Earl of Ormond L.D.   1365. Sir Thom. Dale Governor 1367. Earl of Desmond L.J.   1369. Sir William de Windsor L.L.  1370. A great Mortality in Ireland 1371. Earl of Kildare L.J.   1372. Sir Robert de Ashton L.J. 1374. Sir William de Windsor L.L.  1376. James Butler Earl of Ormond L.L.   1379. John de Bromwhich L.J. Richard the Second  1381. Dean of St. Patricks and Lord Chancellor L.J.  1383. Philip de Courtney L.L.  1385. Robert Vere Earl of Oxford Marquess of Dublin and Duke of Ireland L. ◠Of whom Cambden records he died in great anguish and penury leaving nothing to his Tomb but Titles nor to the World but matter of talk of his ill life  1385. Sir John Stanley L.D.  1387. Bish of Meath L.J.  1389. Sir John Stanley L.J.  1392. James Earl of Ormond L.J.  1394. Duke of Glocester L.J.  1394. King Richard the Second in person He landed at Waterford with four thousand men at Arms and thirty thousand Archers left Roger Mortimer Earl of Vlster Lord of Trym Clare Connaght L.L. slain by the Obrians   1398. Roger Grey L.J. 1398. Duke of Surrey the Kings Brother L.L.  1399. King Richard 2. the second time Who came to avenge Mortitimers Death In this Year broke out that bloodie War betwixt the Houses of Lancaster and York from which time not only England but Ireland were divided into two powerful Factions the Geraldines stood by the House of York and the Butlers by the House of Lancaster the King returns soon after loseth his Kingdom and Life   Henry the Fourth  1399. Sir John Stanley L.L.  1401. Stephen Scroope L.D. to Thomas of Lancaster the Kings Son 1403. James Earl of Ormond L.J. Chose by the Noblemen of Ireland  1405. Gerald Earl of Kildare L.J.  1406. Stephen Scroop L.D.  1407. James Son of the former Earl of Ormond L.J.  1408. Thomas of Lancaster the Kings Son L.L. left Thomas Butler Dep. The Sword given to the City of Dublin the Provost made Major  Henry the Fifth  1413. The said Butler continued L.J.  1413. Sir John Stanley L.L. The Ancestor of the Earls of Derby  1414. Crawley Arch-Bishop of Dublin L.J.  1414. Sir John Talbot L.L. In whose time Ireland supplied the King with 1600 men to assist him in his Wars with France  1419. Richard Talbot Arch-Bishop of Dublin L.J.  1420. James Butler Earl of Ormond L.L. His Grandsire James sirnam'd the Chast near Athy vanquished the Armie of the O Moorsand Mac Morroughs c. quelled the Obrians in Leinster the Bourks Mac Mahons c. in Thomond in three months time Camp 97.  Henry the Sixth  1423. Earl of Ulster L.L. And died of the Plague  1425. John Lord Talbot L.J.  1426. James Butler Earl of Ormond L.J. And died at Ormond-Place in London  1427. Sir John de Grey L.L.  1428. Edward Dantsey Bishop of Meath Dep.  1428. Sir John Sutton L.L. Sir Tho. Strange his Dep.  1432 Sir Christopher Plunket L.D.  1435 Sir Thomas Stanley L.L.  1436 Talbot Arch-Bp of Dublin L.D.   1438 Lyon Lord Wells L.L. 1440 James Earl of Ormond L.L.   1441 Sir William Stanley L.D.  1441 Stephen Scroop L.D.  1442 Will. Wells Dep. to Lyon Lord Wells 1443 Earl of Ormond L.L.   1446 Earl of Shrewsbury L.L. 1447 Talbot Arch-Bp of Dublin L.J.  1449 Duke of York L.L. In Meath the Rebels burnt several Towns and Villages destroyed Men Women and Children without mercy Camp 99.  1450 Earl of Ormond and Wiltshire Lord Treasurer of England L. Dep. to the Duke of York  1454 Arch-Bishop of Ardmagh L.D.  1454 Earl of Kildare L.D.  1454 Sir Edward Fitz Eustace Lord Deputy to the Duke of York  1456 Earl of Kildare Lord Deputy  1459 Richard Duke of York Earl of Ulster and Lord of Connaght Lord Lieutenant Who contracted with the King for Two thousand Pounds per annum with the Irish Revenue to support the Government ten Years The Nobility of Ireland increasing in Factions betwixt the Houses of York and Lancas ter many destroyed whereby the Irish grew troublesome forcibly possessing the Estates of the Engli sh in Ulster Munster and Connaght  Edward the Fourth  1460 Earl of Kildare Lord Justice  1461 Sir Rowland Fitz Eustace Lord of Portleister and Viscount Baltinglass Lord Deputy to George Duke of Clarence  1463 Thomas Earl of Desmond Deputy to the Duke of Clarence Beheaded for exacting Coin and Livery   1467 John Lord Tiptoft Earl of Worcester L.D. 1471 Thomas Earl of Kildare L.D.  1475 Bishop of Meath Dep.   1478 Lord Grey L.D. 1478 Sir Robert Preston L.D.  1479 E. of Kildare L.D.  1483 Edw. 5. Rich. 3.  1485 The said Earl of Kildare L.D. to John de la Pole Earl of Lincoln L.L. The Imposture Lambert Simnell made a Disturbance in Ireland  Henry the Seventh   1491 Duke of Bedford L.L. 1492 Fitz Simons Arch-Bishop of Dublin L.D.  1493 Preston the first Lord Viscount Gormanstown L.D.   1494 Sir Edward Poynings L.D. Sent over to quell the Imposture Perkin Warbeck who in a Parliament at Drogheda the 10. of Henry the Seventh past that Act called Poynings Act quell'd the O Caryls Mac Nemarras and Obrians in the County of Gallaway received the Honor of the Order of the Garter
in the common Bottom out of his Love to the common Eaglish Interest of Ireland and was also nominated when the Act was perfected to come over as Lord Lieutenant to see it executed they then began to take heart and inclined to see the issue of his Government before they would further unsettle themselves consideâ—ing that if his Humour were moderte towards them he had an Interest and Spirit big enough to strengthen his own Resolutions and not 〈◊〉 be diverted from the practice of his own Reason for fear or savour of any of the Parties which was not the case under the present Justices which soon after his arrival they found made good beyond their expectations having equal access with others into his presence and that with good acceptance and also finding they could have equal Justice at the Court of Claims and other the Kings Courts with other the Kings Subjects they gave over their thoughts of removing and disposed themselves to industry in the Country or Cities as their Estates and Educations capacitated them Now it is not to be expressed what sudden alterations this made in the Humour and Deportment of the persons of several Interests one towards another this equal Countenance and Justice of the chief Governour begat an equal Familiarity betwixt the people of different parties and so deep a resentment had the principal persons of that party before most dejected they agreed as many of the Field Officers as were in Dublin to make a solemne return of Thanks to the Duke and withal a Tender of their Service to his Son the Earl of Ossory then Lieutenant General of the Army that they were ready with their Lives and Estates when his Majesties Affairs required to engage themselves against the Kings Enemies under his Conduct which was courteously accepted by the Earl who with many affectionate Expressions in his sweet obliging way assured them when the Kings Affairs required he should highly esteem their Company and Assistance From which time that party esteemed it their duty to study how to approve themselves not only loyal Subjects to their King but grateful Servants to his Vice-Roy Thus all Interest being determined by the Act of Settlement and thereby all Humours composed each party and every person bent their minds and industry to defend their Titles to what the said Act gave them a pretence unto in the Court of Claims where such a brisk Trade was driven in purchasing and prosecuting Titles to Land no other Trade or Manufactures were thought on the bulk of the Cash of the Kingdom being swallowed up in that gulph Yet in that time the Duke considering Land in Ireland would little differ from Land in America without Inhabitants to plant and improve it was very inquisitive after the Intrigue of Trade and Manufacture if he met with any persons that he apprehended were acquainted with those Affairs and in May 1664. gave a Commission to a Council of Trade with full and large Instructions for them to govern their Proceedings by which are printed in my Preface and most persons of Quality having by that time gained possession of great scopes of Land in several of their Lots they found old ruined Towns and discerning no other way to get them planted greweager of Manufactures to whom the Lord Lieutenant gave all possible incouragement that within a few years after we 〈◊〉 erected by private persons on their own accounts many considerable Manufactures â—he Leinster Alderman Daniel Hutchenson at â—â—by Earl of Arran at Tullagh Lord Chancellor Eustace at Baltinglass Esquire Parsons at the Byrr the publick Manufacture of Chappelizod on the Kings account besides several other lesser Attempts In Munster the Earl of Orrery at Charlevil several Dutch Merchants in Limerick and Clare Baron Hartstongue at the Bruff Besides very considerable addition of Cloth Bays Stuffs and Stockins at Cork and Bandon c. In Connaght the Lord Kingston at Abby Boyle Sir James Cuff at Some time after the Duke on his particular account attempted a Manufacture at Callen and also gave great incouragement to some Undertakers to erect the most considerable Manufacture Ireland ever saw for Cloth and Stuffs at Clonmell which for some years imployed many hundreds of people and made as good Cloth and Stuffs as England could produce In Ulster the Lord Dungannon at Dundalk but the Scotch and Irish in that Province addicting themselves to spinning of Linnen Yarn attained to vast quantities of that Commodity which they transported to their great profit the conveniency of which drew thither multitudes of Linnen Weavers that my opinion is there is not a greater quantity of Linnen product in the like circuâ— in Europe and although the generality of theiâ— Cloth fourteen years since was sleisie and thin yet of late it is much improved to a good fineness and strength and will in all probability increase daily both in quantity and quality but all the other Manufactures mentioned after the Dukes removal from the Government dwindled away to nothing except two or three that like sick folk are ready to expire the Causes of which and Remedies I shall shew at large in my Discourse of Manufacture supposing this account of the state of Affairs all the time of the Dukes first Government is a sufficient Answer to the Objection and corroborates my Assertion that it is the Interest of Ireland to be governed by persons peculiarly interested in its prosperity An Answer to the Objection pag. 93. IT is objected in pag. 93. of the 2d Part if the bloody Massacre in 1641 c. proceeded not from any depravity from Principles of Humanity nor from any spirit of revenge or personal hatred against the Protestants but only from their bloody Tenents in matters of Religion as you affirm it were necessary to instance what Points of their Religion they are that render them so dangerous they professing themselves Christians c. Answer As I there hint it is not the Religion of the Church of Rome viz. what relates to Faith and Worship but the Policies of the Court of Rome that renders them so incompatible with civil Order and humane Society multitudes of Christians live safely amongst Turks and Pagans in Asia Africa and America without danger of Massacres or Assassinations on the account of Religion though they have no Law of true Religion to influence them yet the Law of Humanity is not wholly obliterated they know what it is to do as they would be done by as Gage and other Historians of the Spanish West Indians inform us those miserable Pagans will ask what place the Spaniard goes to after death vehemently declaring they will not worship that God whose Servants are so cruel lest they should be as barbarously used by them in the other world And as their inhumane bloody cruelty is condemned by the Law of Nature so much more by all moral and divine Laws Therefore what I shall insist on shall be such Tenents as are not only against all Christian but Moral
obstruct the Success of the Catholick Cause as the performance with John Huss and Jerom of Prague would have done had they returned at liberty to propagate their Heresie the prudent Council of Constance did not only condemn and burn them but instituted it an Article of the Catholick Church Faith was not to be kept with Hereticks Vid. Vrsin p. 184. I judge these Texts need no Comment only take some few of the Epithetes given them by Popelings themselves ' What Idea can be given of those men whose Maxims dispence with all the obligations of Evangelical purity who level the Precepts of the Gospel to the corrupt passions of men who make our tendency to future Beatitude consistent with the pleasures and enjoyments of this world and who by their artifices of pious sleights easie Devotions and such compliances of humane inventition bring Religion into contempt c. ' Preface to M.J. ' For if a man doth but seriously reflect on their strange Tenents about Revenge Calumnies Restitution Equivocation mental Restrictions shifting and directing the Intention and that Consummation of all extravagance the Doctrine of probable Opinions what can he imagine less than that such Societies of men are Academies of Dissimulation and Sycophancy diabolically imbargued in a design not only practising but maintaining and justifying whatever is most horrid and abominable in the sight of God and man c. they are to be looked on as the bane of Charity and Sincerity and the vermine of all humane Society c. they joyn Blasphemy and Heresie together Catholicks externally and Hereticks internal Satanically zealous to shew themselves the Patronizers of Homicide c. ' M.J. Pref. M.J. 30 Ad M.J. p. 14. ' These pernicious Propositions are the destructive Vipers of all Morality ' Ad M.J. 42. ' Notorious Distracters Impostors and Disturbers of the publick Peace ' Ad M.J. p. 48. 'A poysonous Morality more currupt than the the Pagans themselves ' Ad M.J. p. 51. ' Propositions doing violence to the natural right and the Law of Nations excusing Blasphemies c. and the most enormous sins as if they were light piccadilloes ' Ad M.J. 55. ' What dreadful extravagances doth their Doctrine of probable Opinions assert they open a door to all immorality they are the general poyson of those envenomed sources which communicate a far greater infection than sinful Nature ' Ad M.J. p. 64. ' The most implicit Ignorance is to be preferred before such Knowledge as teaches men to be Scepticks in all things and to find out ways to justifie the corrupt Maxims of men and to practise the grossest Sins with safety of Conscience ' p. 123. This is the Opinion of the Doctors of Sorbon given under their hands in a general Assembly April 1658. vid Ad M.J. 147. Affirming it is not only theirs but the Curez of Roüen and many other Cities of France p. 146. Also the Bishop of Maechlin sends his Protest to the Cardinals of the Inquisition of Rome and annexeth forty three of their pernicious Principles not to be tolerated vid. Proph. Hildegrards p. 51. Pag. 84 to 133. ' They are saith he Hypocrites subverters of the Truth proud shameless unstable Teachers delicate Martyrs covetous Confessors unmerciful Calumniators religious for filthy lucre sake humbly insolent of an inflexible Piety insinuating Lyars peaceable Persecutors Oppressors of the weak Introducers and Authors of evil Sects mischievously compassionate lovers of the world Merchants of Indulgences robbers of Benefices importunate Orators seditious Conspirators as we shall see in their Politicks sighing but out of Gluttony ambitious of Honor criminally zealous graspers of the world applauders of Men seducers of Women sowers of Dissention no enemies could ever match these Furies whose Colledges and professed Houses are the receptacles of the guilty the refuges of dishonesty the reproach of Christianity the Shops of Iniquity the Academies of impiety the lovers of Heresie the Chairs of Infection the high places of Antichrist the Brothel-houses of the Whore of Babylon the Architects of Blasphemies against God and all his Saints the companions of the Sodomites and Onan the Emissaries of Devils c. Luc. Pref. Hist Jes 1627. they are a hodge podge of old Errors blended together after the mode of a new Olia by communicating with the Netetians Praxeans Anthropo-Morphites Collyndians Gnosticks Carpracatians Pharisees Manichees Nazarites Catharists Massilians Pelagians Mahumitans Priscilianists Ebionites c. and what not to overturn the fundamental Articles of Christianity ' pag. 36. They who are thus notorious in their Ethicks are no better but worse if it may be in their Politicks he who gave us the precedent Elogy of them in their own words says also ' they are the Incendiaries of the whole world the Ruiners of Cities the Poysoners of Kingdoms the Murtherers of Kings the Archtypes of Rebellion the Jesuit reckons it in the number of his Merits if he may by any sinister ways ruffle and disorder Heretical Kingdoms so he calls them encourage weak and unstable minds to slight Magistracy irritate Divisions Tumults Rebellions absolve from Oaths and sacred Tyes so that 't is hard to find any tragical Scene or bloody Theatre into which the Jesuit hath not intruded and been as busie as Davus in the Comedy contributing in an high measure to every Fanatick insolence justifying the old lemma Loyola's Picture cavete Principes these are the Firebrands of Europe the Forge and Bellows of Sedition infernal Emissaries the Pests of the age men that live as if huge Sins would merit Heaven by an Antiperistasis and indeed what have the Jesuits not done by their Fire-arts both moral and mechanical to turn all the stately Fabricks of Government into confusion in France Portugal Germany yea and Turkie as well as in Ireland and this famous Island of Great Britain ' vide Modern Policy ch 4. sect 1. 1652. And much more may you read to this purpose collected from their own Authors by Ursinus Stillingfleet Chillingworth Bishop Taylor and the learned Author of the Fiery Jesuit c. If this be not enough to render them more dangerous in a State especially in a Protestant State than Protestant Disenters let the most Popish of Protestants judge Objection Since you charge all these bloody Tenents and rebellious Doctrines against the Principles of Morality and Dictates of Humanity to be the natural Offspring of the Popes Infallibility and Supremacy from whence do they proceed 1. Not from Christ He disowns them Matth. 20.25 Luke 21.25 St. Joh. 18.36 My Kingdom is not of this world 2. Not from the Apostles St. Paul condemns Diotriphes for loving the Preeminence St. John Epist 3. v. 9. St. Peter from whom they pretend to derive their Dignity utterly explodes them 1st Epist ch 2. v. 13 14 c. so Romans ch 13. the first 8 verses 3. Not from the Pathers Polycrates and Irenaeus exploded it vid. Eusebius lib. 5. c. 21 22 23
c. Cyprian lib. 1. Epist 3. Hierom all Bishops are of one Worthiness neither Riches nor Poverty maketh Bishops higher or lower St. Augustine about a hundred years after St. Cyprian rejects it vid. Council of Africa ch 9. So Chrysostome Hom. 3. and 35. Gregory the Great the last of good Bishops at Rome did not only condemn the Title as Antichristian but greatly bewailed it as the forerunner of the Churches Misery saith he Ages succeeding shall feel the dismal effects of that fond Title which he termeth Nomen vanitatis vocabulum prophanum perversum superbum scholestum superstitiosum 4. Not from the Councils 1. The Council of Carthage saith there is none but a few desperate and loose companions take the Authority of the Bishops of Africa to be less than that of Rome Cyprian Epist 3. 2. The Council of Nice Canon 6. vid. Russinus History of the Church lib. 1. ch 6. 3. Council of Constantinople ch 2. 4. The Council of Africa Canon 26. ch 5. Council of Ephesus ch last 6. Council of Chalcedon ch 28. Canon 16. 7. Council of Constantinople ch 35. 8. Council of Carthage ch 4. Canon 26. But it is manifest both the Popes Infallibility and Supremacy proceeded from detestable Treachery and intolerable Pride and Debauchery vide Sect. 2. Not only our Protestant but their own Authors commence the Reign of Antichrist from that time see Luthers Opinion pag. 72 of my 2 d. Part viz. the first that obtained the Supremacy was Boniface the third the most vitious of Popes we read of who by the help of Brasutus cut out his way to the infallible Chair by poysoning six Popes his Predecessors viz. Domasus the second Leo the ninth Victor the second Stephen Benedict the tenth and Nicholas the second vide Paget 244. and after wickedly approving of Phocus his treacherous and barbarous murdering his Master Maurice the Emperor with his Wife and Children for which he was condemned by Cyryacus Patriarch of Constantinople Phocus in revenge declares Boniface to be Universal Bishop vide Plat. in His Life After him Adrian the second by flattering another Tyrant Basilius who murdered his Master Michael the Emperor obtain'd of him that none should enter the Council of Constantinople till they first subscribed to the Popes Supremacy circa Anno 870. from which time they daily gained ground by Force or Fraud over the Bishops of other Churches But Urban the second was not contented with bare Subscriptions but required them to swear Obedience to him And this Supremacy gained from the Clergy by specious pretences of zeal for the Liberties of the holy Church and to free Clerks from Civil Tribunals and Taxes by Lay-Princes who were thereby also deprived of their antient priviledges of the Investiture of Bishops and withal prohibited all Appeals but to the infallible Chair upon this our Thomas Becket c. contested with Henry the second about Arraigning Clerks before criminal Judges for Murders Robberies Felonies c. which cost Becket his Life and the King intolerable Troubles and Vexations and at last the loss of his Kingdom and Life which Vexations were continued by the insolent Clergy against his three Successors Richard the first King John and Henry the third but Edward the first to be quit with them outlawed all the Clergy Matthew Paris Ann. 1213. What kind of Creatures the Pope and Clergy were after this read Sect 2. and what woful work they made in the world after they had gained the Supremacy read Sect. the 5. SECT II. Observes the Original of these cursed Principles ALthough they had been long a hatching and dispersed throughout the Popedome asserted by some and opposed by others yet never espoused as Articles of Faith till the Jesuits adopted them And if you would know the Divine Original of the Jesuits you may read St. Johns Prophesie of them Revel ch 9. where they are described to the life by Characters that sute with no Sect but themselves Where they are distinguished from all other Locusts whatsoever 1. From their Place the bottomless pit v. 2. vide ch 11. 7. 17. 2. From the Time when the Smoak of the Pit had darkened the Air in the time of deep Ignorance 3. By their Shape like Horses prepared unto Battel terrible being movers of bloody Wars c. vers 7. 4. By their Swiftness in execution they had Wings v. 9. 5. By their Cruelty their torment was as the torment of a Scorpion when he striketh a man vers 5. 6. Their Strength to devour their Teeth were as the Teeth of Lyons v. 8. 7. Their Security they had Breast-plates of Iron v. 9. 8. Their Grievousness to the world men shall seek Death and shall not find it c. v. 6. 9. Their Honour On their Heads shall be Crowns of Gold v. 7. 10. Their Visage or rather Vizard their Faces were as the Faces of Men and they had Hair as the Hair of a Woman v. 8. 11. Their Attendants they had Tayls like unto Scorpions and there were Stings in their Tayls vers 10. 12. Their King over them the Angel of the bottomless pit v. 10. 13. The terrible Noise they shall make in the world the sound of their Wings was as the sound of Chariots of many Horses running to Battel v. 9. vide Famous Mead his Remains and the Learned Broughton on this Chapter Now these Characters are only found in the Jesuits all other Orders of Fryars c. are not only defective in most of these Qualifications but in the End and Design of their Institution The first Votaries we read of were the Hermits or Pilgrims who were driven into desolate places in the height of persecution Grimstones States and Empires fol. 1197. And soon after in Constantines time when the Church had rest St. Basil and St. Hierome gathered these dispersed Hermits into Societies and Convents Ross View of Religions p. 249. After them St. Augustine in the fourth Century was moved to institute his Order from his sense of the Corruption and Pollutions with which the generality of Christians were defiled In the seventh Century the first Order in the West was instituted by St. Benedict who imitated the Augustines in severity of Discipline and strictness of Morals but much more superstitious out of which Hive swarmed twenty four distinct Orders the Daughters still worse than the Mothers Ross 270. Grimstone fol. 1203. to 1210. But the Popes having been struggling first with the Clergy and next with the Emperors and Princes for the Supremacy from Boniface 3. in the beginning of the seventh Century to defend their Title instituted the Franciscans and Dominicans as Fryars Preachers that they might from the Pulpit chase Princes out of their Thrones but the stubborn Emperors c. defending their Rights with their Swords as you may read in Urfinus who abbreviates the History His Holiness observ'd St. Peters Keys would not do he threw them into Tyber and drew St. Pauls Sword for the Light of the Gospel broke out
with that strength by Wickliffs Books c. dispersed in Germany Bohemiah France Piedmont c. the Popelings observ'd it to be past the Cure of preaching Fryars whereupon Paul the third discern'd it necessary to raise a more warlike Regiment and instituted these Knights of the Virgin Mary as the Jesuits first stiled themselves Ross Stillingf p. 306. You have an exact account of their Original and Progress by that eminent Protestant Divine Dr. Stillingfleet in his Fanaticism of the Church of Rome pag. 301. to p. 320. and by Grimstone in his States and Empires fol. 1213. to which I shall refer you And if you neither laugh at the Ridicule nor weep at the Ignorance and Stupidity of that age you must be of a steddy temper But to give you an account of the bloody Wars barbarous Massacres and treacherous Assassinations since Anno Dom. 1545. the Council of Trent confirmed their Order and their Hetrodox Articles of Faith would be to copy Volumes of their own and our Authors but you may read some brief hints in Sect. 5. SECT III. Shews the Authority whereby they were confirmed EXcepting the Popes whose vowed slaves they are the Council of Trent is the only Council that approved and confirmed their Institutions therefore it is worth observing the Qualifications of that Assembly saith Dr. Stillingfleet pag. 106. so contrived as not to condemn the grossest Error The occasion of the Council was to suppress Luthers Doctrine in the designe of the Conclave at Rome but press'd by the Emperor c. to reform things amiss too and restrain the Imperiousness of the Pope and his Conclave Hist Coun. of Trent fol. 17. the Policy of Rome thought it not prudent to deny the calling it least it should be imposed nor safe at present to admit it least it should impose on them fol. 37. Christendom groaning under their unsupportable Exactions and Tyranny which Germany presented in an hundred Grievances fol. 37. Therefore the only expedient was to delay it and to that end raised many scruples about the Authority of their Summons fol. 54. the Qualifications of their Members place of Sitting c. fol. 233. fol. 25 57. by which means they drill'd out twenty years the Lives of six Popes before the first Session 1542. saith Grimstone then transferred to Bolonia after back to Trent fol. 465. And after that what time they spent in Preambles c. vide Council of Trent p. 139 c. 1. About the Title some of the Bishops were for stiling it the most holy Council representing the Church universal others opposed it the Italians vehemently Hist Council of Trent p. 138. So betwixt the Bishops and the Regulars about Priviledges p. 151. between the Dominicans and Franciscans in several points betwixt the Italian Bishops and others about Residence and the extent of Episcopal Power but the Legates informing the Pope of these Controversies he sent them these Orders Not to broach any new Difficulties in matter of Faith nor to determine any of the Points controverted among Catholicks and to proceed slowly in the Reformation but vigorously against the Hereticks vide Sleidens 12th Book But with what vehemency their proceedings were opposed by most Princes vide Field p. 107 c. by the French King Sleiden lib. 22. so Charles the fiâ—â—h by his Ambassador Mendoza disclaimed against the Popes Power in calling Synods to reâ— thâ— Church besides all the Members of 〈◊〉 Council were enjoyned to take this Oath against their Freedom and Liberty I will defend 〈◊〉 â—â—â—pacy against all men so help me God c. 〈…〉 no 〈◊〉 durst offer his Reasons or obâ—â—â—â—â—â—â—â—â—â—st what the Popes Creatures proposed 〈◊〉 presently expelled the Council Sleiden 〈…〉 Craken p. 158. Yet for all this Carâ—â—â— â—antarâ— c. urged for the true Doctrine 〈◊〉 jâ—â—â—â—fication the Spanish and German Bishops â—â—â—â—ve to reducâ— the Popes boundless Authority tâ— oppâ—se whâ—m he encreased the number of Bishops many of whom only titular and of a sudden created thirteen new Cardinals sent his frequent Instructions to direct and lead the Council that it became a Proverb The Holy Ghost travelled from Rome to Trent in a Packet Such as they could not expel as Cardinal Cantaren c. they cut off by Poyson and whilst they were thus amusing the world with an expected Reformation the Pope raiseth an Army invades Germany to impose the Tridentine Faith This is the Council of Trent called by the usurped Power of the Pope guided by Fraud and Subtilty awed by illegal Expulsions and treacherous Poysonings ending in bloody Wars from whence proceeded all their new Articles of Faith But with what Dissatisfaction not only to the Emperor and French King but most other Princes except the Popes Vassals the Italians these things were received you may read by their respective Letters printed at the end of the History of the Council of Trent fol. 782. to fol. 823. and then judge whether these Principles were not imposed on their pretended Catholick as well as on Protestant Princes But the History of this Council being writ by an Author so generally applauded amongst the Romanists that it became a proverb Father Paul is so blameless and pure that his very Pantables were canonized vide his Life fol. 43. but being voluminous I shall refer the Reader to Bishop Bramhall's Vindic. p. 351. to 355. where he demonstrates that Council to be neither general free nor lawful and yet this is the best Authority the Jesuits and their Principles are confirmed by and by which they are grown so presumptuous as to excommunicate all the Christians in the world for damned Hereticks that disown the Pope though they cannot be ignorant that their Principles and communion are rejected by far the greater number of Christians in the world v. Paget p. 1. to p. 33. where you may also read their Harmony both in Doctrine and Worship with Protestants of Europe and how vehemently they explode the Usurpations Heresies and Idolatries of the Roman Church fol. 59. to fol. 109. in so much that the Patriarch of Constantinople c. excommunicates the Pope and his Clergy once a year Therefore Rome cannot be the Mother Church nor the Mistress of other Churches being the fewest in number and last in being Jerusalem Antioch Constantinople and Alexandria nay England were in the Faith before her if we may believe the most authentick of Authors as Bishop Jewell Dr. Fulk Willet Paget vid. fol. 146. Bishop Bramhall Taylor Stillingfleet Ursinus c. indeed she was first in Apostacy in that she deserves the Primacy in departing from the Faith and holy Life of the Apostles and primitive Churches as is manifest from their own Authors that writ from Boniface 3. the first debauch'd grand Apostate to Leo the tenth who obtained a Confirmation from the Council of Trent of their Errors and Usurpations Saith Erasmus on the thirteenth Chapter of the Revelations When the Roman Kingdom after the time of Julianus
was divided into East and West then began a new Roman Jurisdiction namely the Popes Pomp the Kingdom of the Papists took upon it all the Power of the first Beasts the Roman Emperor and compelled the Christians to Idolatry and Service of false Gods under pretence of honouring Christ and Saints Again on ch 17. he doth affirm that the Women prophesied of to be the Mother of Whoredoms and Abominations of the earth drunk with the Blood of Saints c. to be Christian Rome Again on chap. 18. Sect. 3. With this Babylon have Princes and Prelates and whole Kingdoms committed Whoredoms and Abominanations So Hollcot pag. 18. complaining of the Priests and Prelates of Rome in his time saith They be like the Priests of Baal they resemble the Priests of Dagon they are the Priests of Priapus and Angels of Hell So Aventine lib. 6. I am ashamed to say what manner of Bishops we have with the Revenue of the Church they feed Horses Hounds I need not say Whores So Mantuan lib. 3. Their Wickedness is in every mans mouth Cities and Countries talk of it the bruite thereof hath quenched all care of Vertue So their Bishop Cornelius Epist 3. With what monsters of Filthiness with what channel of Uncleanness with what pestiferous Contagion are both Priests and People defiled c. So their Palingenus lib. 5. warns the people Let no Fryar Monk or any other Priest come within thy doors take heed of them they are the dregs of men the fountain of folly the sinks of sin Wolves under Lambs skins c. under the shadow of Religion hide a thousand unlawful acts Committers of Rapes abusers of Boys spending night and day either openly with Whores or secretly with Boys O shameful saith he can the Church endure such Hogs Saith Plantina Vita Marcellini What shall we think will become of this our age wherein our Vices are grown to that height that they have scarce lest a place with God for Mercy how great is the Leachery of all sorts amongst the Priests and the chief Rulers vid. His Life of the Popes Saith Mantu lib. 3. They are hateful to Heaven and loathsome with unclean Lusts c. they rather kindle and provoke God by their Services than appease him never hope for help so long as such pray for you Saith Hierome Whilst I staid at Babylon and was an inhabitant of that purple Whore the Senate of Pharisees made an uproar and the whole Faction conspired against me if you would see the barbarous cruelty of one Pope towards another plucking out of Eyes famishing in loathsom Prisons cutting off Tongues Hands Fingers Noses Stones c. vide Paget fol. 112. Saith St. Augustin on Psalm 44. They have made us the Citizens of Babylon we left him that made us and worship what we make our selves Saith St. Ambrose Apocalips lib. 6. Rome is become a second Babylon Saith Chrysostom Hom. 36. 1 Cor. The Church at this day is like unto a Woman that hath quite lost her Modesty Saith Vincent Religious Orders are become unto mens Souls the way of perdition Saith Card. Beno They are led by the Spirit of Error and Doctrine of Devils Beno de Vita Hildeb Saith Matth. Paris in Hen. 2. Whence Christians were wont to fetch the Waters of Righteousness there they find a poysoned puddle Abbot Joachim on Jeremiah chap. 1 and 2. proves the Romish Church to be the Whore of Babylon mentioned Rev. 17. They have chosen Antichrist for Christ the Devil for God and Hell for Heaven Nay certain of their own Prophetesses as Saint Bridget lib. 4. cap. 133. and St. Hildegrard the Nun in her 2d Book c. declaim vehemently against the Vices as abominable and their State as antichristian So their Bishop Cornelius in his Oration to the Council of Trent Would to God they were not fallen with one consent from Faith to Infidelity from Christ to Antichrist Saith Platina on John 10. The Popes are clean departed from Peters steps vid. Paget fol. 171 c. Saith Cataldus in his Prediction of Rome Thou unhappy Babylon the damned pit of Priests It would be endless to give you the Testimony of their own Fathers Bishops Fryars Nuns c. of Romes dreadful Apostacy from Christ to Antichrist and from Truth to Error from Boniface 3. anno 602. to Leo 10. 1520. the Council of Trent was proposed and from Leo 10. to Paul 3. the Council was opened Hist Counc Trent 97. all which 20 years time were spent in bloody Wars betwixt the Emperor and the Popes the Emperors and Francis the first of France c. vide the Life and Reign of Charles the fifth where you will find the Pope changed sides theree or four times as his advantage lay to weaken them and strengthen himself though contrary to several Oaths and Leagues agreed on But did they themselves escape no Rome was several times taken and sack'd the Pope besieged in the Bastile glad to compound on base conditions though he kept them not which Confusions made bloody work all Italy over that by their continued bloody Wars the Pope had so wearied the Emperor and Princes in strugling with him that Charles the fifth resigned the Empire and retired to a Monastry and all others let him do what pleased him and did themselves what he plesaed to be quiet and then the Council of Trent past their impious Canons though not without much contradiction Thus you see by whom approved next consider by whom rejected and banished How far their seditions bloody Principles have been exploded and detested by learned Romanists you may observe Sect. 1. p. 204. to 208. which I there inserted to this end that you may observe all Papists are not Jesuited Papists it was evident in the last Irish Rebellion a considerable number of the Irish Nobility and Gentry not only disapproved but violently opposed the Nuntio's party who copied out the Jesuits Principles and Practices as you may read in Borlacy's History of the Irish Wars in 1649 6150 c. and in this last Irish Plot I have heard several of good Rank of their party vehemently declare their abhorrency of it but divers of their Clergy have been Discoverers and Witnesses against their Primate Plunket c. which nothing could move them to but Duty some of them being in a plentiful condition and titular Dignitaries in their Church are thereby reduced to great wants even to extremity the more is the pity And as their Principles have been detested so their Practices have been resisted and their persons banished all Popish Realms and States as fast as they discerned their destructive consequences as in these following Instances may appear 1. The State of Venice did not only banish but violently thrust them out of the Country never to return and made it capital for any man the Duke himself to move for their Restoration you may read the Story at large in Howels Survey of the Republick of Venice fol. 161. to 167.
Papists do I offer these things to their consideration c. 1. Because whilst they tolerate or indulge them they will never be safe as is asserted in Part. 2. pag. 73. all those miserable Desolations that have befallen them since F. Allen and Parsons were sent over to Desmond and Tyrone with consecrated Banners to encourage them to rebel were the product of these Principles which operated to the ruine and utter desolating many Noble and Worshipful Catholick Families besides multitudes of common people vid. Spencer Campion Sir John Davis Stainhurst c. 2. If they would but consider the many traiterous Attempts that have been made against the Regency and Lives of their English Soveraigns since Henry the Eighth cast off the Popes Supremacy they may easily guess what deep impressions of jealousie and dread that Nation from the Throne to the Plough retains of them as for instance Henry the Eighth was excommunicated and deposed the Kingdom interdicted and tendered to whomsoever could conquer it The Pope in his Bull sent to James King of Scotland declared him deprived of his Kingdom as an Heretick a Schismatick an Adulterer a Murtherer a sacrilegious person and lastly a Rebel and Convict of Le se Magistratis for that he had risen against him the Pope who was his Lord. vide Speed l. 9 c. 21. Innocent Edw. 6. was filled with troubles from them and strongly suspected to be poysoned by their Contrivance Their cruel Persecution by burning c. of five eminent pious Prelates and one and twenty other eminent Divines and many good people in their short Reign by Queen Mary The many Attempts made against the Life and State of that pious Queen Elizabeth against her State in England by that invincible Armado in 88. against her State of Ireland by invading it with an Army of Spaniards and Italians 1580. contriving to bring her Title in question and raise up the Title of Mary Queen of Scots to the Crown of England Campion Parsons and Haywood the three first Jesuits that came for England saith Sir Henry Baker I wish they had been the last made it their business to hire Assassinates to destroy the Queen Summervil to kill her 1582. the like Parry 1584. L. Luce Hist 429 c. Moody hired by the French Ambassador of the Guisin Faction to poyson her ann Dom. 1592. Holt the Jesuit hired Patrick Coleman an Irish Fryar to kill the Queen who of all Fryars love the work after Dr. Lopez Her Majesties Physician hired with 50000 Crowns to poyson her 1593. again ann Dom. 1594. Williams and York c. conspired to fire her Navy ann Dom. 1595. Edward Squire an Officer in her Stable hired by Walpoole the Jesuit to poyson the Pummel of the Queens Saddle after all this their Colledge at Salamanca sent over Winter the Jesuit with Instructions to raise an Army to make war against the Queen who by the aid of fifty disguised Jesuits in England listed 25000 Popish Souliers Winter assuring them the Jesuits of Spain had a Million of Crowns already collected for the Service and many of the Catholick Princes engaged to aid and assist but her God who had wonderfully preserved her all her long Reign took her to himself and so ended hers but not Englands troubles Luc. Hist pag. 405. to 509. King James was designed to be destroyed the day of his Coronation Luc. Hist p. 509 510. And his Title to the Crown rejected as being no Catholick and on that account Waterford Limerick Kilkenny and Wexford c openly opposed his Proclaiming until forced by the Lord Deputy Mountjoy after the several Attempts to rebel as is hinted Part. 1. p. 2 3. But all these hellish Plots by Gods Mercy being frustrated Garnet Catesby Fawx c. contrived to do their work throughly by the Powder Plot November 5. 1605. A Project not presidented in History for horrid Cruelty and hellish Treachery to kill King Queen Prince Lords and Commons at a Clap and then to have charged it upon the Puritans under which Character they would have destroyed the Body of the most stanch Protestants in the the Kingdom and then who should oppose what they would have done Yet Invincible Father Garnet was not discouraged but was at other Devices but was taken 1608. and executed and so ceased plotting Luc. Histor p. 513. yet the King having further Evidence of their plotting his Destruction publish'd his Declaration June 1610. to banish the Jesuits and Priests Luc. Hist 513. Yet did they so swarm in England that Jo. Gee a converted Priest by the fall of the Mass-house at Black Fryars where he narrowly escap'd his Life in his Book called the Foot out of the Snare printed in the year 1624. doth give an Account of a Congregation of Jesuits de Propagando Fide and how some of them boasted they contrived the poysoning of King James vide Prynnes Royal Favorite pag. 54. and Romes Masterpice p. 34. yet in the Reign of Charles the first they were still active anno Dom. 1627. they kept their Colledge at Clerkenwell and behaved themselves so insolently the House of Commons petitioned the King to put the Laws in Execution against them Romes Masterpiece pag. 34. and Prynnes Introd p. 88 89. they were the Fomentors of the Wars betwixt England and Scotland 1639. Prynnes Compl. Hist fol 449 450. and were preparing an Army to invade the South of England whilst the King with his English strength was engaged against the Scots in the North but the Hollanders fought and dispersed their Navy on the English Coast before they landed vide Prynnes Preface to his Vindication of Fundamentals Part 1. but all Projects sailing in England they remembred the proverb He that would England win Must with Ireland first begin They managed their Consults for the Irish Massacre vid. Sir John Temples Preface to the History of the Irish Rebellion And at the same time plotted the poysoning of the King discovered to Sir William Boswel the Kings Agent at the Hague vide Romes Masterpiece And this General Rebellion and bloody Massacre in Ireland did not only lay that Kingdom desolate but also influenced England into that unnatural War that cost it so much precious Blood and Treasure for until the news of that unsuspected amazing destruction of so many innocent Souls in Ireland there was not the least appearance of a breach betwixt the King and his Parliament all things in Scotland were so well pacified by the Kings presence there that when His Majesty upon advice of the Irish Rebellion suddenly hasted for London it became a common speech amongst the Scots Never did a more contented King part with a more contented People and so far were the Parliament at Westminster or the People from the least Jealousie of the King that he was received into London with all imaginable expressions of Joy and Gladness But such an impression did the news of that horrid Massacre make it begat a spirit of Indignation against the Papists and
such a dread of the like Miseries that might be perpetrated in England by them moved the Parliament to desire of the King the Ordering the Militia on pretence for the better security of the Nation against Papists and speedier Suppression of the Irish Rebellion upon which Head arose that woful Breach on which that unnatural War with all its dismal consequences succeeded from that time began the rude Tumults of London Apprentices c. and all other misbehaviour as you may read in Scobels Collections of that years Transactions And on that occasion succeeded that Petition and large Remonstrance from the Parliament presented to the King December 14. 1641. which laid the foundation of all our succeeding Miseries so that all Englands Scotlands and Irelands Troubles since Henry the eighth shak'd off the Papal Yoke have arose either from the Papists Struggles to recover their tyrannical Dominion over these Kingdoms or the Divisions they have made amongst Protestants by their wily sleights And what their Plots have been against the Life of Charles the second and the Peace of England of late we are wearied with reading the Discoveries and Evidences in Print I shall only insert their Oath of Secresie which will serve for an Epitome of the whole Plot at least the Design of it and indeed it is the truest Explanation of all their former Oaths of Confederacy extant In this the Monks Hood is thrown by of defending and maintaining His Majesties just Rights c. They here clearly renounce and disown any Allegiance and do swear to help his Holiness's Agents c. to extirpate and root out and destroy the said pretended King of England c. The Oath of Secrecy given by William Rushton to me Robert Bolron February 2. 1676. In the Name of the Father and of the Son and of the Holy Ghost Amen I Robert Bolron being in the presence of Almighty God the blessed Mary ever Virgin the blessed Michael the Arch-Angel the blessed St. John Baptist the holy Apostles St. Peter and St. Paul and all the Saints in Heaven and to you my Ghostly Father do declare and in my heart believe the Pope Christs Vicar General to be the true and only Head of Christs Churh here on Earth and that by vertue of the Keys of Binding and Loosing given his Holiness by our Saviour Christ he hath Power to depose all Heretical Kings and Princes and cause them to be killed Therefore to the utmost of my power I will defend this Doctrine and his Holinesses Rights against all Usurpers whatever especially against the now pretended King of England in regard that he hath broke his Vows with his Holinesses Agents beyond Seas and not performed his Promises in bringing into England the holy Roman Catholick Religion I do renounce and disown any Allegiance as due to the said pretended King of England or Obedience to any of his inferour Officers and Magistrates but do believe the Protestant Doctrine to be Heretical and Damnable and that all are damn'd which do not forsake the same and to the best of my power will help his Holinesses Agents here in England to extirpate and root out the said Protestant Doctrine and to destroy the said pretended King of England and all such of his Subjects as will not adhere to the holy See of Rome and the Religion there professed I further do promise and declare that I will keep secret and private and not divulge directly or indirectly by Word Writing or Circumstance whatever shall be proposed given in charge or discovered to me by you my Ghostly Father or any other engaged in the promoting of this pious and holy Design and that I will be active and not desist from the carrying of it on and that no hopes of Rewards Threats or Punishments shall make me discover the rest concerned in so pious a Work and if discovered shall never confess any Accessaries with my self concerned in this Design All which I do swear by the blessed Trinity and by the blessed Sacrament which I now purpose to receive to perform and on my part to keep inviolable and do call all the Angels and Saints in Heaven to witness my real intention to keep this Oath In testimony whereof I do receive this most holy and blessed Sacrament of the Eucharist By this Oath it is evident Popelings are no Changelings Hildebrands Principles commencing an Dom. 606. are here repeated in their full strength above a thousand years after and why these treasonable Plots and Principles were not since the time of this Oath effectually perpetrated is so notoriously manifest in the multitudes of Prints published on that occasion it evidenceth it was not for want of good will on their parts And although God hath gratiously and wonderfully preserved the precious Life of the King and in him the Lives of us all that value our Religion Yet have these Incendiaries not lost their labour but have accomplished that which is next to cutting all our Throats viz. the fomenting a Misunderstanding and Jealousie betwixt the most indulgent and compassionate Prince and his faithful and loyal Subjects A doleful consideration it is to all serious loyal Hearts to observe a Prince so lately received with all expressible passions of Joy not only by those that expected Gain and Advancement but by others that knew they should suffer Loss as to their private Fortunes yet were so weary of their past and then present Confusion and so well satisfied in the Kings Gratious Declarations and Intentions they could and did say as Mephibosheth to David For as much as our Lord the King is come again in peace let Zibah take all let Royalists but not Papists take our Crown and Bishops Lands our Regiments and Troops c. our Hearts shall joyn with our Hands to lift the King into his Throne which we defie all other Hands to do without us so England c. may be once more settled And with what mutual content both King and People have enjoyed each other till the very day this last Hell-hatch'd Plot broke out is notorious to all Europe as well as Great Britain and Ireland till then we heard of no Court nor Country Parties no Whiggs nor Tories c. but in Irelands Boggs c. no Petitioners Abhorrers or Addressers but what the King was pleased with no executing penal Laws on Dissenters but on the contrary Subjects entirely and universally endeared to a Prince in his own nature compounded of of Tenderness and Sympathy pleading with Parliaments against penal Statutes and proposing to their Consideration that some Provision might be made to enable him to dispence with such Protestants who through misguided Conscience could not conform to the Ceremonies Discipline c. of the Church vid. Speeches Octob. 26. 1662. and again Mar. 6. 1678. His Majesty did not only press the House but also commanded the Lord Chancellor to commend to their consideration not only what might tend to preserve the Protestant Religion in general but for an
Army in a readiness may be a means to prevent the lamentable effects said he of the last Wars in this Kingdom doth yet freshly stick in our memories neither can we so soon forget the Depopulation of our Land when besides the combustions of War the extremity of Famine grew so great that the very Women in some places by the way side have surprised the men that rode by to seed themselves with the flesh of the Horse and the Rider and that now again here is a Storm towards wheresoever it will light every wise man will easily foresee which if we be not careful to meet with in time our estate may prove irrecoverable when it will be too late to think of Had I wist Neither may you my Lords and Gentlemen that differ from us in point of Religion imagine that Community of Profession will exempt you more then us from the danger of a common Eenemy what you may expect from a Foreigner you may conjecture by the Answer which the Duke of Medina Sidonia gave in this case in 88. That his Sword knew no difference between a Catholick and a Heretick but that he came to make way for his Master and what kindness they looked for from the Countrymen that were to joyn with them they might judge as well by the carriage which they ordinarily used towards them both in the Court and Colledges abroad as by the Advice not long since presented by them unto the Council of Spain wherein they would not have so much as the Irish Priests and Jesuits that are descended of English Blood to be trusted but would have you and all yours to be accounted Enemies to the Designs of Spain in the Declaration published about the beginning of the Insurrection of James Fitz Morice in the South the Rebels professed it was no part of their meaning to subvert Honorabile Anglorum solium their Quarrel was only against the person of Queen Elizabeth and her Government But now the case is otherwise the translating of the Throne of the English to the power of a Foreigner is the thing that is mainly intended and the re-establishing the Irish in their ancient Possessions which by the valour of our Ancestors were gained from them This saith he you may assure your selves Manet alta mente repositum and makes you more to be hated of them than any other of the English Nation whatsoever The danger thereof being thus common to us all it stands us upon to joyn our best helps for avoiding of it Thus you may see what deep Sentiments this great good man had of Irelands danger many years before that terrible Earthquake in 1641. tumbled down its peace and prosperity into its first Chaos of which this holy Priest became a true Prophet 40 years before the Blow was given in several Sermons preached before the Government yet in print to be read Anno Dom. 1601. from Ezek. 4.6 discoursing concerning the Prophets bearing the Iniquity of Judah 40 days accounting a day for a year he made this direct application in relation to the connivance at Popery at that time From this year saith he will I reckon the Sin of Ireland that those whom you now embrace shall be your ruin and you shall bear this iniquity which fell out exactly true both in point of time and thing he also foretold all the Troubles that befell England both relating to Church and State and lived to see them come to pass accordingly as Dean Bernard who writ his Life and others have observed and also recorded some of his prophetical Expressions near his end of miseries yet to come upon the Church of God as followeth Life of Bp. Usher p. 35. He being asked whether he thought that great Persecution which he had formerly spoken of to fall upon the Protestant Churches were past or yet to come he then turned his eyes towards the face of the enquirer and fixing them there in a strange kind of manner as he used to do when he spake not his own words and when the power of God was upon him said Fool not your self with vain hopes of its being past for I tell you what you have seen is but the beginning of sorrow to that which is to come on all the Protestant Churches which e're long will fall under a sharper Persecution than ever yet they have had upon them and that by the cruel Hands of the Papists On which words Dean Bernard makes this Comment Now howsoever I am as far from heeding of Prophecies this way as any yet with me it is not improbable that so great a Prophet so sanctified from his youth so knowing and eminent throughout the universal Church might have at some special times more than ordinary motions and impulses in doing the Watchmans part of giving warning of Judgments approaching But doubtless the Spirit of that holy man like just Lots righteous Soul was grieved with the filthy conversation of the wicked being well skilled in Divine Astrology might prognosticate from Scripture Constellations that a people like those of Laish who dwell careless quiet and secure when there is no Magistrate to put them to shame for the most scandalous provoking sins Judg. 18.1 Destruction was near when the iniquitys of the Amorites were at the full the Deluge destroyed the old world and were that faithful Watchman now alive to behold a deluge of profess'd Prophaneness and Debauchery committed with a bold contempt of Gods and Mans Laws to see men glory in actions Heathens are ashamed of he would conclude the time of the fulfilling of his Prophecy was near even at the doors But so obdurate were the Irish then against all that could be said or done to oblige them to peace and so stupified were the English by their long peace and great plenty accompanyed with grievous Debauchery nothing could reclaim them but the direfull Judgment of God executed on them by those Irish Sabeans and Chaldeans or rather Cannibals for the first did but spoil Job of his Goods but these eat the Flesh and drunk the Blood of the English in a metaphorical sense as Psalm 14.4 Have the workers of iniquity no knowledge who eat up my people as they eat bread these as the Prophet complains devoured Israel with open mouth and drunk their Blood as sweet Wine So great delight and pleasure did they manifest in the miserable distresses and tortures they put the English under no tongue can express the barbarous inhumane Cruelties committed by them on all Sexes Degrees and Ages that in a few months they destroyed say some one hundred and fifty thousand others two hundred thousand Christians many of whom knew not their right hand from the left and most of them innocent naked people in no capacity to resist nor under the least suspicion of danger many of them presuming upon their old intimate acquaintance and long friendly neighbourhood amongst them would not slee concluding their late familiarity and mutual obligations of kindness could not
Epistle 3.17 If I be censured for this part of my Discourse by the peevish and censorious of both sides for a Digression from a Subject of promoting Trade and Wealth yet when the more moderate and judicious consider the influence of our Divisions and Jealousies fomented by rigid uncharitable persons of both parties they will vindicate me and allow that the uniting of Interest in point of Religion so far as to beget a mutual confidence in each others Integrity to the common Protestant Cause will tend much to the strengthening the â—ands of our Protestant Governors and also remove Jealousies and beget a satisfaction betwixt Assenters and Dissenters that they will never be dangerous one to another and till this be obtained I see no ground to expect the Protestant Interest of Ireland can ever be potent nor ever flourish in Trade and Wealth for these Reasons 1. The common Enemy to our common Religion and civil Interest will still be hoping the Divisions amongst our selves will at last open a door for them to destroy us all and that expectation deters them from that Industry in Manufactury and Traffick which otherwise for present profit sake they would more vigilantly promote and the more moderate of them joyn Interest with the united Protestants in preserving our common Peace 2. No greater Discouragements can lye in the way of foreign Manufacturers and Merchants coming to settle amongst us than suspicion our Divisions should cause a disturbance of the Peace which the least apprehensive must discern would be an evident ruine to the whole and consequently to themselves if they should settle with us 3. Nothing more disheartens the English from engaging in such Manufacturies and Trade as would fix their Estates on a spot they could not remove from than a sense of danger from our Divisions lest some particular Dissentors or Sect should so misbehave themselves towards the Government as to provoke them to put a general Restraint upon the Liberties of the whole and thereby necessitate them to quit the Country and so lose all their Improvements I might multiply particulars to manifest the Damage our Jealousies and Animosities on the account of our Divisions in Religion threaten and the great Advantages a charitable Union would produce to the security and prosperity of the common English Interest of Ireland But being satisfied all moderate and charitable Christians are of the same opinion I shall submit what I have offer'd to their Judgment and howsoever I am censured for this weak Essay I shall comfort my self in the Integrity of my heart to the common Welfare of the Protestant Interest of Ireland and submit the Blessing to God CHAP. III. The third Expedient to recover the languishing state of Ireland in its Trade and Wealth is to assert Irelands Interest in its own Government THat it is not only the Interest of Ireland but of the Crown and Realm of England that Ireland be governed by its own members or persons peculiarly interested in its prosperity is manifest Although it will be granted to be Irelands great advantage to have not only their Lord Lieutenants but most other Ministers of State sent from England provided they then purchase plant and settle themselves and Families in the Country for no other Expedient will advance the Prosperity and strengthen the English Interest in Ireland like it for if the Noble and Worshipful Families of Ireland would examine the original of their first Ancestors in that Kingdom few would be found that came over on purpose to purchase or plant but rather incouraged to transport themselves for the sake of publick Imploys either Civil or Military but most by the later every new Rebellion called over new Troops and Companies to strengthen the standing Army to suppress it and at the end of every War were garrison'd and quarter'd in those Countreys where the Insurrection was first raised or had been most powerful and in places most convenient to secure the future peace where they obtain'd Grants of forfeited Lands and from thence after some time of settlement of themselves and Familys their Soldiers would marry and take Farms or set up Trades and so erect English Plantations in the most dangerous Irish Countries where none but Souldiers with their Swords in their hands or others under their shelter durst adventure to plant Therefore it was a rational project at the end of the last War in order to promote the English Plantations 1. In the disbanding part of that Army to pitch upon such Troops and Companies as were best acquainted with the Country and most likely to plant their Lots and then to give some of them peculiar advantages by select places for their incouragement whereby many of the reducted Troops and Companies had the advantage of the standing Army who were confin'd to their Lots 2. To contrive the planting of the Country by the standing Army by instructing the Officers to encourage their Souldiers to marry and plant about their Garrisons and Quarters especially if Tradesmen and past their middle age and then once in 2 or 3 years to change their Quarters at a good distance from the place whereupon the married Souldiers that had settled their Familys would petition to be dismist which much increas'd English Plantations who for their incouragement were continued in Muster six months Duty free and whilst Pay is to be had a General shall never want Souldiers and young beardless Lads that have nothing to care for but to keep their Arms sixed and their Knapsacks furnished are the best Souldiers for a Field-Army and so esteemed by all Authors I have read and whilst a Troop or Company retains one half old Souldiers viz. File-leaders Half File-leaders and Bringers up the young Souldiers will do as well as others to fill up Files and after a few months careful Exercise will be as ready for any Service and perform their parts equal with the rest for though Experience and Skill is necessary in Officers yet Courage and Subjection are the more necessary Qualifications in private Souldiers which none like the young stripling who is lately come from under the severer Discipline of Family Government to whom Military Discipline seems easie and these having no Wives nor Children to cry after them c. are the freest from care and consequently the readiest at the Beat of the Drum to march where and whensoever they are commanded The neglect of this was the ruine of the English Interest the last Rebellion the standing Troops and Companies consisting much of the Officers Tenants c. could not be drawn together at short warning without exposing their Families and concerns to the merciless mercy of the Enemy whereas had they been qualified as beforementioned the King might have had a marching Army and the Country a standing Militia consisting of the same Inhabitants march'd from them in the Kings Pay to have stood by them and defended them at least against the small parties of straggling Cut-throats by whom the greatest number of
the naked English were massacred therefore it is the Interest of this Kingdom it should be penal in the Officers of the Army to inlist and muster any of the settled Inhabitants capable of serving in the Militia for thereby the Country is weakned in its Military strength and the King disappointed of a marching Army whereas were all persons thus qualified disbanded and the Officers prohibited listing such without special License from the General you would soon have the Foot Companies filled with young brisk Lads who would throng out of England for Entertainment which would more tend to increase and strengthen the English Interest in Ireland than any other Expedient that can be proposed As it is the Interest of Ireland to give incouragement to English Protestants to come and enjoy Military Imployments and Preferments among them so is it the same for Civil and Ecclesiastical Imployments provided still they settle and abide with us But that which is the Grievance of this Kingdom is that either Military or Civil Imployments should be enjoyed by Nonresidents or otherwise persons who only come over to enjoy the Profit of their Office and so soon as they have received what Benefit it affords to return for England and carry their Gains with them of which sort Ireland has most suffered by English Chief Governours and English Farmers and Commissioners of the Revenue and their Attendants and Dependants coming and returning with them the Damage sustained by this Kingdom in the period of 15 years thereby is computed in the Chapter of Irelands involuntary Charge and Expence And that which I shall further endeavour to demonstrate is that it is not only its damage in respect of the Charge Ireland sustains but many other ways inconvenient and prejudicial 1. For the chief Governour though there might be some reason of State in times past why they should not only be of English Blood but English by Birth and Interest yet the case is altered now and the Act of Parliament in the 10th of Hen. 7th that none but such as were born in the Realm of England should be Constables of the Castles of Dublin Trim Athlone Leistipe Carlingford Wicklow c. had no respect to the civil politick Government but the Execution of penal Laws upon Offenders those Castles being made use of as Prisons to secure dangerous persons in which is declared in the body of the Statute viz. Which Castles have been negligently kept and such as have been committed to the Constables or Keepers of them for Treason Felony c. suffered to escape wilfully to the great prejudice of our Soveraign Lord and of all the said Land therefore be it ordained and enacted c. so that other Act 23d of Hen. 8th to regulate the Election of the chief Governour by the Council on the death of the Lord Lieutenant c. until the Kings pleasure was known did not respect preferring English by Birth before English by Blood but to secure the Sword from unfit Hands who by their powerful Interest might awe their own Election and be mischievous before the King could declare his pleasure as appears by the said Act * Irish Stat. fol. 214 215. as followeth The said Counsellours have full Power and Authority by vertue of this Act to elect and chuse one such person as shall be an Englishman and born within the Realm of England being no spiritual person to be Iustice and Governor of this Realm of Ireland during the Kings Highness Pleasure if there shall be at that time any such person within this Realm c. if not then to elect and chuse two persons of the said Council of English Blood and Sirname being no spiritual person c. which I cite to refute that vulgar Error that the Lord Lieutenant c. must be born in England because otherwise he is not capable of governing in the Castle of Dublin whereas the Office of Constable is a distinct inferior thing from the Governor of the Castle but whatever reason of State former times might have the case is otherwise now for as it is shewn in the Chapter of Englands Interest in Irelands Prosperity the state of the English Interest in Ireland is changed from a weak infirm state that needed Physick to a strong healthful state that only requires Food the Propriety of Lands the Plantation of Cities and strong Towns inhabited and governed by English the Countries so planted with English as all our High Sheriffs Justices of the Peace c. all English and the English Laws are duely and equally in all parts executed by English Judges and Officers c. 〈◊〉 â—jâ—rity of both Houses of Parliament Engl◠〈…〉 was never the case of Ireland â—â—fore that 〈◊〉 â—ow needs nothing but diligent 〈…〉 câ—â—roborate and improve its advantag◠〈◊〉 which none but such who are acquainted with 〈…〉 and Constitution and thoroughly 〈…〉 prosperity are capable of 〈…〉 1. Being unâ—â—quâ—iâ—â—â—â— with intelligent persons of the several Parties they 〈◊〉 understand the various and different â—â—â—nouâ— and Interests of the people indeed if the Inhabitants were all Irish Papists or all English Protestants or were these two grand parties of entire Interest among themselves their work were more easie but as they have each their grand Interest and bond of Friendship the Papists the Interest of their Church by whose aid and countenance they expect their Succour and the Protestants the Interest of their Prince by whose Authority and Favour they enjoy all they possess yet they have each amongst themselves their different and peculiar Interests both Religigious and Civil as I shall after shew And a Chief Governour unacquainted with persons and things will find it difficult work to carry himself to the equal satisfaction of all parties with Security to the Government and Incouragement of Trade c. 2. The short continuance sometimes two sometimes three years rarely four we had three in less than eight years viz. from the Lord Roberts entring September 18th 1669. to the Earl of Essex's surrender August 24th 1677. so that by that time they understand their Work they are called from it saith Borlacy The vicisitude of Governours hath been observed by some to be exceeding prejudicial to the publick private Respects often introducing notable things in the State according to their Interests who governed not the publicks diversi Imperatoribus mores diversa fuêre studia sometimes to the degenerating of the old English into the Irish customs through their negligence and indulgence other times to the alienating the Irish by their severity from the benefit of a well tempered and orderly Government both equally destructive to the Prince And yet too long a Residence in so eminent a Place may over-heat a great Spirit if not bounded with excellent Principles Whence the Romans those great Masters of Government rarely admitted their Vicegerents to brood on a Province that their Continuance there might not increase Self-interest The longest time any continued in this Government how