of_o the_o kingdom_n or_o last_o because_o it_o be_v much_o more_o considerable_a than_o all_o the_o barbarous_a and_o poor_a kingdom_n that_o surround_v it_o that_o same_o hyperbolical_a word_n also_o tien_n hia_n or_o the_o kingdom_n that_o contain_v all_o that_o be_v under_o heaven_n be_v very_o frequent_o make_v use_n of_o so_o that_o when_o they_o say_v tien_n hia_n 〈◊〉_d â—…im_n all_o that_o be_v under_o heaven_n be_v in_o peace_n it_o be_v the_o same_o thing_n as_o to_o say_v china_n be_v in_o peace_n china_n likewise_o have_v other_o name_n which_o i_o forbear_v to_o mention_v because_o they_o be_v less_o in_o practice_n foreigner_n call_v it_o hara_n kitai_n catai_fw-mi cataio_n mangi_n nica_n corum_n chin_n china_n and_o kina_n the_o tartar_n that_o lie_v to_o the_o west_n call_v the_o chinese_n hara_n kitai_n or_o the_o black_a barbarian_n which_o be_v the_o name_n they_o give_v also_o to_o china_n itself_o the_o european_n instead_o of_o hara_n say_n cara_fw-it for_o that_o in_o regard_n the_o tartar_n pronounce_v ha_o with_o a_o very_a strong_a aspiration_n stranger_n believe_v they_o say_v cara_fw-it and_o not_o hara_n for_o that_o reason_n it_o be_v that_o marcus_n paulus_n and_o other_o author_n call_v by_o the_o name_n of_o can_v that_o emperor_n who_o between_o the_o year_n 1260_o and_o 1275._o conquer_v the_o western_a tartary_n and_o all_o china_n instead_o of_o call_v he_o have_fw-mi that_o be_v to_o say_v king_n in_o the_o language_n of_o the_o western_a tartar_n the_o same_o word_n also_o be_v at_o present_a in_o use_n among_o the_o eastern_a tartar_n who_o be_v master_n of_o china_n and_o who_o be_v former_o so_o barbarous_a that_o they_o have_v not_o any_o king_n nor_o any_o word_n to_o signify_v a_o king_n as_o we_o shall_v relate_v in_o its_o due_a place_n the_o muscovite_n as_o i_o be_v inform_v by_o some_o reside_v in_o this_o court_n in_o imitation_n of_o the_o tartar_n call_v it_o kitai_n the_o kingdom_n of_o chahamalaha_n the_o inhabitant_n of_o which_o be_v mahumetan_n and_o which_o confine_n to_o the_o province_n of_o xansi_fw-la the_o kingdom_n of_o tumet_fw-la or_o tibet_n which_o environ_n a_o good_a part_n of_o the_o province_n of_o xensi_fw-la and_o xansi_fw-la and_o that_o of_o usangue_fw-fr border_v upon_o the_o province_n of_o sù_n chuen_n have_v corrupt_v the_o word_n kita_n call_v it_o kataâ—…_n and_o the_o merchant_n that_o come_v from_o indostan_n and_o other_o part_n of_o the_o indies_n call_v it_o cataio_n by_o which_o we_o clear_o find_v that_o the_o kingdom_n of_o cataio_n of_o which_o father_n anthony_n de_fw-fr andradâ—…_n speak_v in_o his_o relation_n of_o tibet_n where_o he_o have_v be_v signify_v no_o more_o than_o china_n and_o that_o grand_a catai_n be_v no_o other_o then_o grand_a china_n to_o which_o alone_o may_v be_v attribute_v whatever_o have_v be_v say_v of_o china_n so_o much_o the_o rather_o for_o that_o of_o all_o the_o kingdom_n seat_v between_o the_o indies_n and_o the_o eastern_a extremity_n of_o asia_n only_o those_o that_o lie_v upon_o the_o sea_n be_v know_v the_o rest_n be_v small_a barbarous_a poor_a and_o untilled_a the_o eastern_a tartar_n moreover_o in_o derision_n call_v china_n nica_n corum_n or_o the_o kingdom_n of_o the_o barbarian_n though_o at_o present_a now_o they_o be_v settle_v therein_o and_o be_v become_v master_n of_o it_o they_o call_v it_o tulimpa_n corum_n or_o the_o kingdom_n of_o the_o middle_a the_o kingdom_n of_o the_o indian_n as_o canara_n bengala_n and_o other_o call_v it_o chin_n as_o i_o be_v inform_v in_o the_o province_n of_o sù_n chuen_n by_o two_o jognes_n of_o which_o the_o one_o have_v be_v at_o goa_n and_o have_v learn_v some_o portugal_n word_n and_o as_o i_o understand_v at_o pekim_n by_o some_o merchant_n of_o the_o country_n this_o name_n of_o chin_n seem_v to_o have_v be_v give_v to_o china_n by_o the_o indian_n because_o of_o the_o family_n of_o chin_n who_o reign_v a_o hundred_o sixty_o nine_o year_n after_o christ_n though_o i_o find_v more_o probability_n to_o believe_v that_o it_o come_v from_o the_o family_n of_o cin_n who_o reign_v two_o hundred_o forty_o six_o before_o christ_n the_o chief_a of_o which_o family_n be_v master_n of_o all_o china_n and_o among_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o province_n of_o yûn_a nân_n which_o be_v not_o far_o distant_a from_o bengala_n because_o the_o chineses_n pronounce_v strong_o and_o whistle_v the_o word_n cin_n through_o the_o tooth_n the_o indian_n that_o can_v imitate_v they_o pronounce_v it_o chin_n and_o the_o portugal_n who_o take_v this_o word_n from_o the_o indian_n not_o have_v any_o word_n in_o their_o language_n that_o end_v in_o n_o have_v add_v a_o a_o at_o the_o latter_a end._n the_o italian_n write_v china_n like_o the_o portughese_n but_o they_o pronounce_v it_o kâ—…na_n and_o so_o they_o ought_v to_o write_v it_o cina_n to_o give_v it_o the_o same_o sound_n as_o the_o german_n who_o write_v schina_fw-la by_o what_o have_v be_v say_v we_o find_v apparent_o that_o cataio_n hara_n kitai_n and_o china_n be_v all_o one_o and_o the_o same_o thing_n and_o not_o different_a kingdom_n as_o cluverius_n will_v have_v they_o to_o be_v who_o in_o his_o five_o book_n of_o his_o introduction_n to_o geography_n chapter_n five_o frame_v several_a kingdom_n as_o catai_n tangut_n tainfu_n and_o other_o which_o he_o seem_v to_o have_v borrow_a from_o marcus_n paulus_n whereas_o they_o be_v not_o the_o name_n of_o kingdom_n but_o only_o the_o corrupt_a name_n of_o certain_a city_n of_o china_n and_o this_o be_v particular_o manifest_a by_o the_o word_n tainfu_n which_o be_v no_o other_o than_o tai_n yuenfu_n the_o metropolis_n of_o the_o province_n of_o xansi_fw-la where_o the_o tartar_n settle_v their_o court_n before_o they_o conquer_a the_o province_n of_o pekim_n the_o description_n also_o which_o cluverius_n give_v of_o the_o province_n of_o tainfu_n agree_v perfect_o with_o that_o city_n and_o the_o country_n that_o belong_v to_o it_o for_o there_o be_v the_o best_a grape_n in_o china_n and_o good_a store_n of_o iron_n near_o the_o city_n of_o lû_fw-fr gân_n which_o furnish_v pekim_n and_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o province_n especial_o those_o that_o lie_v towards_o the_o north_n with_o nail_n and_o all_o sort_n of_o iron_n utensil_n and_o instrument_n marcus_n paulus_n speak_v of_o another_o city_n of_o that_o province_n which_o he_o call_v pianfu_n though_o the_o chineses_n call_v it_o pim_n yà m_fw-la fù_fw-fr cluverius_n have_v also_o borrow_a from_o marcus_n paulus_n the_o corrupt_a word_n cambalu_n the_o capital_a city_n of_o catai_n for_o neither_o the_o western_a nor_o eastern_a tartar_n have_v any_o b._n as_o we_o shall_v show_v in_o due_a place_n in_o our_o tartarian_a alphabet_n so_o that_o marcus_n paulus_n instead_o of_o cam_n shall_v have_v write_v han_n that_o be_v king_n and_o instead_o of_o balu_n palu_n which_o signify_v court_n and_o consequent_o instead_o of_o cambalu_n hanpalu_n which_o in_o the_o tartarian_a language_n signify_v the_o king_n court._n and_o then_o he_o shall_v have_v take_v notice_n that_o there_o be_v two_o hanpalu_n or_o king_n court_n the_o ancient_a court_n at_o present_a but_o a_o mean_a place_n distant_a about_o three_o league_n from_o pekim_n towards_o the_o east_n which_o be_v call_v tum_o cheum_fw-la and_o the_o new_a court_n which_o be_v pekim_n which_o marcus_n paulus_n call_v taidu_n instead_o of_o tai_n tu_fw-la which_o signify_v the_o great_a court._n some_o author_n question_n whether_o the_o kingdom_n of_o mangi_n of_o which_o m._n paulus_n make_v such_o frequent_a mention_n be_v not_o a_o different_a kingdom_n from_o china_n but_o there_o be_v no_o doubt_n to_o be_v make_v but_o that_o it_o be_v comprehend_v within_o it_o for_o m._n paulus_n divide_v china_n into_o two_o kingdom_n catai_n and_o mangi_n comprise_v under_o the_o name_n of_o catai_n all_o the_o nor_o thern_a province_n and_o under_o that_o of_o mangi_n all_o the_o southern_a the_o word_n mangi_n be_v derive_v from_o mânt_n zù_n which_o signify_v barbarous_a for_o that_o the_o southern_a chineses_n to_o mock_v the_o northern_a call_v they_o pe_fw-la tai_fw-la that_o be_v fool_n of_o the_o north_n and_o the_o other_o to_o pay_v the_o southern_a chineses_n in_o the_o same_o coin_n call_v they_o nân_o mân_o barbarian_n of_o the_o south_n or_o else_o bare_o mantzu_n barbarian_n the_o tartarian_n likewise_o in_o contempt_n of_o the_o chinese_n call_v they_o also_o mantzu_n or_o barbarian_n but_o in_o regard_n the_o tartarian_n especial_o the_o eastern_a can_v well_o pronounce_v the_o syllable_n tzu_fw-fr they_o say_v give_v mangi_n which_o i_o have_v hear_v a_o thousand_o and_o a_o thousand_o time_n for_o three_o and_o twenty_o year_n together_o that_o i_o live_v among_o they_o and_o so_o without_o question_n it_o be_v in_o the_o time_n of_o m._n paulus_n who_o be_v
lord_n and_o master_n the_o friend_n and_o favourite_n of_o sun_n co_z vanâ—…_n advise_v he_o to_o put_v the_o fugitive_n emperor_n to_o death_n and_o to_o maintain_v himself_o in_o the_o sovereign_a power_n that_o have_v be_v confer_v upon_o he_o but_o he_o absolute_o refuse_v so_o unworthy_a a_o action_n and_o more_o than_o that_o declare_v that_o he_o be_v resolve_v to_o acknowledge_v yum_n liè_fw-fr who_o birth_n have_v give_v he_o a_o undoubted_a right_n to_o the_o crown_n in_o short_a he_o acknowledge_v the_o fugitive_n emperor_n and_o all_o his_o officer_n and_o soldier_n follow_v his_o example_n his_o force_n be_v very_o numerous_a and_o well_o discipline_v and_o there_o be_v great_a hope_n that_o so_o brave_a a_o captain_n will_v have_v resettled_a the_o affair_n of_o china_n and_o drive_v out_o the_o tartar_n but_o the_o vice_n of_o the_o emperor_n who_o take_v no_o care_n of_o his_o own_o affair_n as_o be_v whole_o addict_v to_o wine_n and_o woman_n prevent_v the_o success_n for_o this_o bad_a management_n of_o himself_o bring_v yum_n liè_fw-fr inâ—…o_fw-la contempt_n among_o his_o subject_n and_o sun_n co_fw-la vam_fw-la repent_v perhaps_o that_o he_o have_v resign_v the_o empire_n to_o he_o leave_v he_o only_o the_o name_n of_o emperor_n with_o whaâ—…_n be_v requisite_a for_o his_o own_o and_o the_o subsistence_n of_o his_o family_n however_o this_o harsh_a usage_n of_o the_o emperor_n displease_v several_a of_o the_o commander_n of_o the_o army_n and_o among_o the_o rest_n one_o of_o the_o chief_a among_o they_o call_v lì_n â—…im_a qué_n before_o the_o best_a friend_n that_o sun_n co_fw-la vam_fw-la have_v and_o his_o brother_n by_o adoption_n as_o be_v both_o adopt_a by_o the_o tyrant_n cham_fw-mi hien_fw-fr chum_fw-la thereupon_o the_o quarrel_n between_o these_o two_o great_a person_n grow_v to_o that_o height_n that_o they_o break_v friendship_n part_v their_o force_n and_o fight_v one_o against_o the_o other_o till_o at_o last_o in_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o combat_n sun_n co_z vam_n soldier_n desert_v he_o and_o go_v over_o to_o the_o enemy_n so_o that_o he_o have_v much_o ado_n to_o escape_v by_o flight_n with_o only_o three_o hundred_o man_n that_o continue_v faithful_a to_o he_o upon_o which_o despair_v ever_o to_o resettle_v the_o affair_n of_o china_n he_o surrender_v himself_o to_o the_o tartar_n who_o have_v his_o virtue_n in_o high_a esteem_n and_o veneration_n advance_v he_o lade_v with_o honour_n to_o the_o dignity_n of_o a_o petty_a king._n some_o time_n after_o yum_n liè_fw-fr bereave_v of_o the_o assistance_n of_o so_o great_a a_o captain_n be_v in_o a_o short_a time_n by_o the_o tartar_n deprive_v both_o of_o his_o empire_n and_o his_o life_n the_o prowess_n of_o li_n tim_o not_o be_v sufficient_a to_o withstand_v their_o power_n nevertheless_o that_o the_o elder_a son_n the_o wife_n and_o mother_n of_o the_o same_o emperor_n have_v be_v baptise_a in_o the_o year_n 1648._o by_o father_n andrew_n kassler_n a_o jesuit_n the_o son_n be_v name_v constantine_n thus_o much_o i_o take_v out_o of_o the_o history_n of_o father_n rouge-mount_n c._n p._n 43._o in_o the_o same_o book_n you_o may_v see_v the_o number_n of_o soldier_n that_o keep_v guard_n upon_o the_o frontier_n etc._n etc._n there_o be_v some_o difference_n among_o author_n concern_v the_o number_n of_o soldier_n in_o china_n which_o nevertheless_o be_v very_o extraordinary_a father_n trigaut_n assert_n that_o there_o be_v above_o a_o million_o father_n martini_n near_o a_o million_o and_o by_o the_o report_n of_o father_n semedo_n father_n john_n rodriquez_n who_o be_v a_o person_n very_o curious_a and_o one_o that_o have_v travel_v much_o in_o china_n assure_v he_o that_o by_o what_o he_o have_v meet_v with_o in_o the_o chinese_n book_n that_o the_o number_n of_o soldier_n in_o the_o several_a province_n of_o the_o kingdom_n amount_v to_o five_o hundred_o fourscore_o and_o fourteen_o and_o six_o hundred_o fourscore_o and_o two_o thousand_o eight_o hundred_o fourscore_o and_o eight_o to_o guard_n the_o great_a wall_n against_o the_o tartar_n not_o include_v the_o soldier_n which_o belong_v to_o their_o fleet_n but_o we_o ought_v rather_o to_o give_v credit_n to_o ihe_v relation_n of_o father_n magaillans_n a_o more_o modern_a writer_n and_o who_o take_v what_o he_o assert_v out_o of_o a_o book_n present_v to_o the_o emperor_n himself_o however_o we_o be_v to_o consider_v that_o these_o soldier_n be_v not_o like_a to_o we_o in_o europe_n neither_o for_o courage_n nor_o discipline_n as_o be_v no_o other_o for_o the_o most_o part_n than_o the_o country_n militia_n for_o father_n semedo_n speak_v of_o the_o soldier_n of_o the_o province_n say_v they_o be_v of_o â—…ittle_a worth_n and_o that_o we_o be_v not_o to_o think_v they_o follow_v no_o other_o employment_n then_o that_o of_o be_v soldier_n â—…or_n that_o they_o be_v general_o inhabitant_n in_o the_o place_n where_o they_o be_v enroll_v and_o follow_v their_o trade_n some_o shoemaker_n other_o tailor_n etc._n etc._n and_o father_n trigaut_n in_o his_o second_o chapter_n tell_v we_o that_o to_o the_o end_n we_o may_v knâ—…w_v the_o number_n of_o the_o soldier_n to_o be_v incredible_a we_o ought_v to_o observe_v that_o almost_o half_a the_o people_n of_o the_o three_o northern_a province_n be_v â—…olled_v iâ—…â—…he_a service_n of_o the_o emperor_n 〈◊〉_d magaillans_n 〈◊〉_d firmâ—…_n the_o same_o thing_n wherâ—…_n 〈◊〉_d â—…ays_n that_o the_o exâ—…e_n of_o the_o emperor_n eveâ—…y_v year_n for_o nine_o hundred_o aâ—…_n two_o thousand_o and_o fifty_o four_o soldier_n that_o guard_v thâ—…_n wâ—…_n including_z officer_n and_o all_o amount_v but_o to_o 〈◊〉_d million_o thirty_o four_o thousand_o seven_o hundred_o and_o fourteen_o livre_n which_o be_v not_o above_o half_a a_o pistol_n a_o year_n for_o every_o man_n which_o can_v never_o maintain_v they_o do_v they_o not_o follow_v their_o trade_n to_o support_v themselves_o and_o their_o family_n and_o for_o that_o very_a reason_n we_o be_v not_o to_o think_v such_o a_o number_n of_o soldier_n incredible_a which_o the_o chinese_n historian_n cite_v by_o father_n magaillans_n allow_v as_o well_o for_o the_o defence_n of_o the_o frontier_n as_o the_o inner_a part_n of_o the_o province_n which_o amount_v to_o sixteen_o hundred_o seventy_o thousand_o and_o twenty_o four_o more_n especial_o consider_v the_o vastness_n of_o the_o empire_n numerous_o people_v and_o that_o the_o soldier_n have_v neither_o courage_n nor_o discipline_n and_o therefore_o father_n martini_n tell_v we_o that_o the_o tartar_n be_v better_a soldier_n than_o the_o chinese_n but_o neither_o of_o they_o comparable_a to_o the_o soldier_n in_o europe_n chap._n iii_o of_o the_o antiquity_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o china_n and_o what_o a_o high_a opinion_n the_o chineses_n have_v of_o it_o this_o kingdom_n be_v so_o ancient_a that_o it_o have_v preserve_v its_o form_n of_o government_n and_o have_v continue_v during_o the_o reign_n of_o twenty_o two_o family_n from_o whence_o have_v descend_v two_o hundred_o thirty_o six_o king_n for_o the_o space_n of_o four_o thousand_o and_o twenty_o five_o year_n for_o it_o be_v so_o many_o year_n since_o it_o begin_v according_a to_o the_o opinion_n which_o the_o chineses_n hold_v for_o certain_a and_o unquestionable_a for_o shall_v we_o rest_v satisfy_v with_o what_o they_o look_v upon_o to_o be_v very_o probable_a it_o will_v be_v four_o thousand_o six_o hundred_o and_o twenty_o to_o this_o present_a year_n 1668_o since_o this_o kingdom_n begin_v the_o chineses_n however_o have_v three_o opinion_n concern_v this_o matter_n some_o of_o their_o book_n six_o the_o original_a of_o their_o kingdom_n some_o hundred_o of_o thousand_o of_o year_n before_o the_o creation_n but_o though_o the_o vulgar_a sort_n believe_v this_o to_o be_v true_a yet_o the_o wise_a and_o more_o learned_a sort_n hold_v those_o book_n for_o mere_o fabulous_a and_o apocryphal_a more_o especial_o since_o consucius_fw-la have_v condemn_v that_o error_n the_o second_o opinion_n make_v king_n fohi_n to_o be_v the_o founder_n of_o this_o kingdom_n who_o be_v the_o first_o that_o reign_v towards_o the_o confine_n of_o the_o province_n of_o xénsi_fw-la the_o most_o western_a part_n of_o china_n and_o afterward_o in_o the_o province_n of_o honan_n seat_v almost_o in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o empire_n so_o that_o according_a to_o their_o book_n it_o be_v two_o thousand_o nine_o hundred_o fifty_o two_o year_n before_o the_o birth_n of_o christ_n that_o this_o prince_n begin_v to_o reign_v about_o two_o hundred_o year_n after_o the_o universal_a deluge_n according_a to_o the_o version_n of_o the_o seventy_o interpreter_n all_o the_o learned_a man_n hold_v this_o opinion_n to_o be_v probable_a and_o many_o among_o they_o take_v it_o to_o be_v unquestionable_a the_o three_o opinion_n be_v that_o the_o foundation_n of_o this_o kingdom_n be_v lay_v about_o four_o thousand_o and_o twenty_o
to_o suffer_v whatever_o thy_o divine_a justice_n shall_v be_v please_v to_o ordain_v he_o have_v scarce_o conclude_v this_o prayer_n before_o the_o sky_n be_v all_o overcast_v with_o cloud_n and_o pour_v down_o rain_n in_o such_o abundance_n that_o it_o suffice_v to_o water_n â—…ll_v the_o territory_n of_o the_o empire_n and_o restore_v they_o to_o their_o pristine_a fertility_n from_o hence_o it_o be_v that_o when_o the_o chineses_n make_v any_o scruple_n about_o the_o mystery_n of_o the_o incarnation_n we_o endeavour_v to_o convince_v they_o by_o this_o example_n tell_v they_o that_o this_o king_n cover_v himself_o with_o the_o skin_n of_o a_o lamb_n and_o offer_v himself_o a_o sacrifice_n to_o obtain_v pardon_n for_o the_o sin_n of_o the_o people_n yet_o thereby_o do_v nothing_o lessen_v the_o lustre_n of_o his_o dignity_n so_o likewise_o though_o god_n be_v please_v to_o clothe_v himself_o with_o the_o homely_a cover_v of_o our_o humanity_n and_o be_v offer_v up_o as_o a_o lamb_n in_o sacrifice_n for_o the_o sin_n of_o the_o people_n he_o have_v no_o way_n lessen_v but_o rather_o exalt_v his_o almighty_a power_n his_o infinite_a mercy_n and_o goodness_n and_o have_v thereby_o make_v it_o so_o much_o the_o more_o clear_o appear_v that_o he_o be_v infinite_o above_o this_o king_n who_o be_v no_o more_o than_o a_o man_n and_o a_o mere_a creature_n the_o chineses_n present_o submit_v to_o this_o argument_n as_o well_o because_o it_o seem_v to_o they_o to_o be_v rational_a and_o convince_v as_o also_o for_o that_o they_o be_v very_o much_o please_v to_o hear_v that_o we_o make_v use_v of_o their_o history_n and_o example_n to_o prove_v the_o verity_n of_o our_o religion_n this_o emperor_n have_v for_o one_o of_o his_o counsellor_n a_o holy_a and_o famous_a learned_a person_n who_o live_v several_a year_n hide_v up_o in_o the_o mountain_n among_o the_o wild_a beast_n because_o he_o will_v not_o submit_v to_o the_o tyrant_n kie_fw-mi the_o offspring_n also_o of_o this_o emperor_n chim_z tamburlaine_n reign_v above_o six_o hundred_o year_n till_o the_o rule_n of_o king_n cheu_n who_o be_v no_o less_o wicked_a and_o cruel_a then_o kie_fw-mi so_o that_o when_o the_o chineses_n call_v a_o prince_n a_o kie_fw-mi or_o a_o cheu_n it_o be_v the_o same_o thing_n as_o when_o we_o call_v such_o a_o one_o a_o nero_n or_o a_o diocâ—…esian_n the_o five_o emperor_n call_v vù_n uâm_n be_v the_o son_n of_o venus_n uâm_n king_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o châ—…un_n which_o be_v now_o a_o part_n of_o the_o province_n of_o xensi_fw-la who_o not_o able_a to_o endure_v the_o wickedness_n and_o tyranny_n of_o king_n cheu_n set_v upon_o he_o vanquish_v he_o in_o battle_n and_o make_v himself_o master_n of_o the_o empire_n this_o emperor_n vù_fw-fr uâm_n have_v a_o brother_n high_o esteem_v for_o his_o prudence_n and_o other_o virtue_n who_o he_o make_v king_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o lù_n now_o a_o part_n of_o the_o province_n of_o xamn_n tumm_n and_o of_o who_o he_o make_v choice_n upon_o his_o deathbed_n to_o govern_v the_o empire_n during_o the_o minority_n of_o his_o elder_a son._n he_o it_o be_v according_a to_o the_o report_n of_o the_o chinese_n who_o above_o two_o thousand_o seven_o hundred_o year_n ago_o first_o â—…ound_v out_o the_o use_n of_o the_o needle_n and_o compass_n for_o the_o emperor_n his_o nephew_n have_v receive_v the_o honour_n of_o a_o embassy_n and_o the_o acknowledgement_n of_o a_o tribute_n from_o a_o country_n call_v tum_o xim_o and_o cochin_n china_n or_o kiao_n chi_fw-mi que_fw-fr and_o all_o by_o mean_n of_o the_o industry_n and_o prudent_a conduct_n of_o his_o protector_n the_o same_o governor_n present_v the_o ambassador_n with_o a_o kind_n of_o compass_n by_o the_o direction_n of_o which_o they_o may_v return_v the_o near_a way_n home_o without_o expose_v themselves_o to_o the_o toil_n and_o hardship_n of_o of_o those_o â—…ound_n about_o wind_n and_o wander_n through_o which_o they_o have_v labour_v in_o come_v to_o court._n so_o that_o this_o prince_n be_v one_o of_o the_o hero_n and_o saint_n of_o the_o chinese_n who_o have_v a_o extraordinary_a veneration_n for_o his_o memory_n now_o when_o the_o emperor_n vù_fw-fr uâm_n return_v in_o triumph_n from_o the_o battle_n wherein_o the_o tyrant_n cheu_n have_v be_v defeat_v his_o two_o brother_n pe_fw-la y_fw-fr and_o xeo_fw-la cî_fw-la famous_a for_o their_o virtue_n and_o nobility_n meet_v he_o upon_o his_o march_n and_o after_o they_o hâ—…d_v stop_v he_o by_o take_v his_o horse_n by_o the_o bridle_n they_o bold_o and_o in_o very_o sharp_a and_o severe_a language_n reprove_v he_o for_o have_v seize_v upon_o the_o empire_n and_o force_v the_o emperor_n to_o burn_v himself_o in_o his_o palace_n together_o with_o all_o his_o treasure_n that_o notwithstanding_o he_o be_v so_o vicious_a and_o so_o cruel_a yet_o he_o be_v both_o his_o lord_n and_o prince_n ordain_v by_o heaven_n that_o it_o be_v his_o duty_n to_o advise_v he_o to_o amendment_n like_o a_o good_a subject_n not_o like_o a_o traitor_n to_o put_v he_o to_o death_n and_o last_o that_o he_o ought_v to_o surrender_v the_o kingdom_n to_o the_o child_n of_o the_o decease_a prince_n to_o let_v the_o world_n see_v that_o he_o have_v not_o be_v push_v forward_o by_o any_o motive_n of_o ambition_n but_o only_o out_o of_o a_o desire_n to_o deliver_v the_o title_n from_o tyranny_n and_o oppression_n but_o when_o the_o two_o brother_n sound_v that_o he_o will_v not_o follow_v their_o counsel_n they_o retire_v to_o a_o desert_n mountain_n protest_v they_o will_v rather_o choose_v to_o die_v in_o that_o manner_n then_o eat_v of_o the_o product_n of_o those_o territory_n which_o vù_n uâm_n have_v â—…usurped_v for_o fear_v they_o shall_v be_v think_v in_o some_o measure_n to_o approve_v his_o treason_n and_o revolt_n the_o history_n of_o these_o five_o king_n which_o the_o chineses_n look_v upon_o as_o so_o many_o saint_n especial_o the_o four_o first_o and_o their_o offspring_n be_v the_o subject_n of_o the_o first_o book_n which_o be_v in_o as_o great_a reputation_n among_o these_o infidel_n as_o the_o book_n of_o the_o king_n among_o we_o christian_n the_o style_n of_o it_o be_v very_o ancient_a but_o very_o exact_a and_o elegant_a vice_n be_v there_o blame_v and_o virtue_n applaud_v and_o the_o action_n of_o king_n and_o subject_n relate_v with_o a_o entire_a sincerity_n and_o to_o the_o end_n the_o more_o curious_a reader_n may_v see_v the_o energy_n and_o briefness_n of_o the_o chinese_n language_n and_o letter_n which_o be_v at_o that_o time_n in_o use_n i_o will_v here_o set_v down_o five_o word_n take_v out_o of_o the_o book_n already_o mention_v in_o reference_n to_o the_o king_n yáo_o kin_n mîm_n vén_n su_n gamn_n that_o be_v to_o say_v king_n yao_n be_v great_a and_o venerable_a he_o be_v most_o perspicacious_a and_o prudent_a he_o be_v very_o compose_v modest_a and_o courteous_a he_o appear_v always_o pensive_a and_o studious_a search_v continual_o after_o the_o best_a mean_n how_o to_o govern_v his_o people_n and_o empire_n and_o therefore_o he_o live_v all_o the_o time_n of_o his_o reign_n in_o comfort_n quiet_n and_o repose_v the_o second_o book_n be_v call_v li_n ki_n or_o the_o book_n of_o rite_n and_o ceremony_n this_o contain_v the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o law_n custom_n and_o ceremony_n of_o the_o whole_a empire_n the_o principal_a author_n of_o this_o book_n be_v the_o brother_n of_o the_o emperor_n vù_fw-fr uà m_fw-la of_o who_o we_o have_v speak_v already_o he_o be_v call_v chéu_n cumm_n and_o be_v equal_o venerable_a as_o well_o for_o his_o virtue_n as_o for_o his_o prudence_n learning_n and_o good_a conduct_n this_o volume_n contain_v the_o work_n of_o several_a other_o author_n also_o the_o disciple_n of_o cum_fw-la fu_fw-la cius_fw-la and_o other_o interpreter_n more_o modern_a and_o more_o suspect_v which_o therefore_o ought_v to_o be_v read_v with_o so_o much_o the_o more_o circumspection_n there_o be_v many_o thing_n therein_o contain_v which_o be_v account_v fabulous_a the_o three_o volume_n be_v call_v xi_o kimm_n contain_v verse_n romance_n and_o poem_n all_o which_o be_v divide_v into_o five_o sort_n the_o first_o of_o which_o be_v call_v ya_fw-mi sum_n or_o panegyric_n and_o encomium_n sing_v in_o honour_n of_o man_n famous_a for_o their_o virtue_n or_o their_o endowment_n there_o be_v also_o several_a gnomonics_n or_o verse_n contain_v precept_n which_o be_v sing_v at_o their_o funeral_n their_o sacrifice_n the_o ceremony_n which_o the_o chineses_n perform_v in_o honour_n of_o their_o ancestor_n and_o at_o their_o most_o solemn_a festival_n the_o second_o be_v call_v queen_n fumm_n or_o the_o custom_n of_o the_o kingdom_n these_o be_v romance_n or_o poem_n choose_v out_o among_o those_o which_o be_v make_v by_o private_a person_n they_o be_v never_o sing_v but_o
his_o robe_n and_o his_o cap_n fall_v upon_o the_o prothonotary_n throw_v he_o upon_o the_o ground_n and_o with_o his_o foot_n and_o fist_n belabour_v the_o poor_a officer_n cry_v out_o kâ—…ave_v and_o impostor_n as_o thou_o be_v where_o be_v the_o money_n that_o i_o give_v thou_o where_o be_v the_o city_n of_o which_o thou_o give_v i_o a_o promise_n with_o many_o other_o reproach_n of_o the_o same_o nature_n thereupon_o the_o tribunal_n break_v up_o and_o the_o mandarin_n and_o the_o prothonotary_n be_v both_o commit_v to_o the_o prison_n of_o the_o criminal_a tribunal_n where_o they_o be_v both_o in_o great_a hazard_n of_o be_v condemn_v to_o death_n for_o such_o sort_n of_o merchandize_v be_v death_n by_o the_o law_n beside_o that_o the_o scandalous_a circumstance_n of_o the_o action_n render_v the_o crime_n much_o more_o enormous_a in_o all_o the_o town_n and_o city_n of_o the_o empire_n there_o be_v a_o tribunal_n compose_v of_o a_o precedent_n and_o at_o least_o two_o or_o three_o assessor_n which_o be_v call_v kiao_n quon_n or_o judge_n of_o the_o man_n of_o letter_n for_o that_o their_o business_n be_v to_o take_v care_n of_o learning_n and_o learned_a man_n and_o more_o especial_o to_o overlook_v the_o bachelor_n of_o art_n which_o be_v very_o numerous_a and_o frequent_o very_o poor_a yet_o trust_v to_o their_o privilege_n become_v bold_a and_o insolent_a and_o practise_v many_o act_n of_o violence_n and_o knavery_n to_o get_v money_n from_o poor_a and_o rich_a and_o many_o time_n throw_v off_o that_o respect_n which_o be_v due_a to_o the_o precedent_n and_o governor_n therefore_o the_o ancient_a king_n with_o much_o prudence_n erect_v this_o court_n to_o apprehend_v and_o punish_v they_o either_o by_o whip_v or_o other_o penalty_n according_a to_o their_o demerit_n and_o to_o degrade_v they_o if_o incorrigible_a which_o be_v the_o reason_n that_o the_o bachelor_n both_o fear_n and_o respect_v those_o mandarin_n after_o a_o extraordinary_a manner_n this_o court_n also_o have_v power_n to_o assemble_v from_o time_n to_o time_n all_o the_o learned_a man_n of_o the_o city_n that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o bachelor_n licentiate_n doctor_n and_o old_a mandarin_n excuse_v from_o service_n by_o reason_n of_o their_o age_n to_o treat_v of_o science_n and_o virtue_n to_o which_o purpose_n they_o give_v they_o theme_n take_v out_o of_o their_o book_n upon_o which_o they_o make_v several_a comment_n which_o this_o tribunal_n examine_v &_o public_o either_o applaud_v or_o discommend_v so_o that_o these_o officer_n be_v rather_o professor_n than_o mandarin_n beside_o these_o mandarin_n which_o be_v common_a to_o all_o the_o empire_n there_o be_v other_o tribunal_n appropriate_v to_o particular_a place_n and_o province_n as_o the_o mandarin_n of_o the_o salt_n who_o take_v care_n to_o distribute_v it_o over_o all_o china_n by_o public_a undertaker_n and_o to_o prevent_v private_a merchant_n from_o utter_v any_o to_o the_o prejudice_n of_o the_o king_n revenue_n other_o mandarin_n there_o be_v who_o be_v as_o it_o be_v steward_n of_o the_o rent_n belong_v to_o the_o king_n and_o the_o great_a lord_n more_o especial_o in_o the_o province_n that_o lie_v upon_o the_o sea._n there_o be_v also_o another_o tribunal_n call_v ti_fw-mi kin_n su_n and_o by_o the_o portugueses_n tai_n qui_fw-la si_fw-la for_o indeed_o the_o portuguese_n corrupt_v all_o the_o chinese_n word_n for_o the_o city_n of_o hiam_fw-la xan_n or_o the_o mount_n of_o odour_n they_o call_v ham_n sam._n ma_fw-fr cao_n be_v call_v ama_n gao_o that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o bay_n or_o gulf_n of_o the_o idol_n ama._n for_o gao_n signify_v a_o bay_n and_o ama_n be_v the_o name_n of_o a_o idol_n which_o be_v worship_v in_o that_o part._n these_o be_v the_o tribunal_n of_o the_o lettered_a mandarin_n those_o of_o the_o military_a mandarin_n be_v yet_o more_o numerous_a for_o beside_o that_o they_o be_v in_o all_o place_n where_o the_o tribunal_n of_o the_o learned_a mandarin_n be_v erect_v they_o be_v also_o in_o several_a important_a place_n that_o separate_v the_o province_n in_o all_o port_n and_o bay_n and_o many_o more_o upon_o the_o frontier_n next_o to_o tartary_n there_o be_v likewise_o send_v from_o the_o court_n a_o catalogue_n of_o all_o the_o learned_a mandarin_n which_o be_v print_v and_o reprint_v every_o season_n of_o the_o year_n wherein_o be_v set_v down_o the_o name_n the_o title_n the_o country_n and_o the_o time_n when_o every_o one_o receive_v their_o degree_n and_o such_o another_o catalogue_n be_v print_v of_o the_o military_a mandarin_n the_o number_n of_o the_o learned_a mandarin_n over_o all_o the_o empire_n be_v thirteen_o thousand_o six_o hundred_o forty_o seven_o and_o that_o of_o the_o military_a mandarins_n amount_n to_o eighteen_o thousand_o five_o hundred_o and_o twenty_o in_o all_o thirty_o two_o thousand_o one_o hundred_o sixty_o seven_o mandarin_n which_o though_o it_o be_v most_o certain_a may_v seem_v a_o thing_n incredible_a though_o their_o distribution_n their_o distinction_n and_o their_o subordination_n as_o much_o surpass_v belief_n it_o seem_v as_o if_o the_o legislator_n have_v omit_v nothing_o and_o that_o they_o have_v foresee_v all_o inconvenience_n that_o be_v to_o be_v fear_v so_o that_o i_o be_o persuade_v no_o kingdom_n in_o the_o world_n can_v be_v better_o govern_v or_o more_o happy_a if_o the_o conduct_n and_o probity_n of_o the_o officer_n be_v but_o answerable_a to_o the_o institution_n of_o the_o government_n but_o in_o regard_n they_o have_v no_o knowledge_n of_o the_o true_a god_n nor_o of_o the_o eternal_a reward_n and_o punishment_n of_o the_o other_o world_n they_o be_v subject_a to_o no_o remorse_n of_o conscience_n they_o place_v all_o their_o happiness_n in_o pleasure_n in_o dignity_n and_o riches_n and_o therefore_o to_o obtain_v these_o fade_a advantage_n they_o violate_v all_o the_o law_n of_o god_n and_o man_n trample_v under_o foot_n religion_n reason_n justice_n honesty_n and_o all_o the_o right_n of_o consanguinity_n and_o friendship_n the_o inferior_a officer_n mind_v nothing_o but_o how_o to_o defraud_v the_o superior_a mandarin_n they_o the_o supreme_a tribunal_n and_o all_o together_o how_o to_o cheat_v the_o king_n which_o they_o know_v how_o to_o do_v with_o so_o much_o cunning_a and_o address_n make_v use_n in_o their_o memorial_n of_o word_n and_o expression_n so_o soft_a so_o honest_a so_o respâ—…_n 〈◊〉_d so_o humble_a and_o full_a of_o adulation_n and_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d so_o plausible_a and_o seem_o disinteren_a 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d â—…ded_a prince_n frequent_o take_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d for_o solemn_a truth_n so_o that_o the_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d themselves_o continual_o oppress_v and_o 〈◊〉_d â—…tud_n without_o any_o reason_n murmur_n and_o 〈◊〉_d â—…ditions_n and_o revolt_v which_o have_v cause_v â—…o_o much_o â—…ne_v and_o so_o many_o change_n in_o the_o empire_n nevertheless_o there_o be_v no_o reason_n that_o the_o excellency_n and_o perfection_n of_o the_o law_n of_o china_n shall_v suffer_v for_o the_o depravity_n and_o wickedness_n of_o the_o magistrate_n chap._n xvi_o of_o the_o grandeur_n of_o the_o emperor_n of_o china_n and_o of_o his_o revenue_n i_o have_v observe_v in_o the_o three_o chapter_n the_o three_o opinion_n which_o the_o chineses_n have_v concern_v the_o beginning_n of_o their_o empire_n nor_o do_v they_o esteem_v their_o king_n to_o be_v of_o less_o antiquity_n in_o regard_n their_o government_n have_v be_v always_o monarchical_a and_o absolute_a without_o any_o mixture_n of_o aristocracy_n i_o have_v also_o observe_v that_o cum_fw-la fu_fw-la cius_fw-la and_o all_o the_o learned_a man_n reject_v the_o first_o opinion_n as_o mere_o fabulous_a i_o shall_v therefore_o only_o add_v that_o according_a to_o the_o second_o opinion_n that_o the_o chineses_n be_v under_o the_o government_n of_o king_n two_o thousand_o nine_o hundred_o fifty_o two_o year_n before_o the_o birth_n of_o christ._n king_n fohi_n be_v the_o first_o of_o their_o king_n and_o the_o founder_n of_o their_o empite_n which_o begin_v in_o the_o province_n of_o xen_fw-mi si_fw-mi the_o most_o western_a part_n of_o china_n towards_o the_o north._n the_o chineses_n paint_v this_o king_n clothe_v with_o the_o leaf_n of_o tree_n and_o all_o agree_v that_o his_o kingdom_n be_v of_o no_o great_a extent_n at_o first_o nor_o his_o people_n very_o numerous_a their_o history_n relate_v how_o that_o when_o this_o king_n begin_v to_o reign_v the_o chineses_n live_v upon_o herb_n and_o wild_a fruit_n drink_v the_o blood_n of_o beast_n and_o clad_v themselves_o in_o skin_n but_o that_o he_o teach_v they_o to_o make_v net_n as_o well_o for_o hunt_v as_o fish_v and_o be_v the_o first_o inventor_n of_o the_o chinese_n letter_n all_o the_o learned_a believe_v this_o opinion_n probable_a and_o some_o there_o be_v that_o hold_v it_o for_o certain_a and_o unquestionable_a in_o a_o word_n it_o seem_v very_o probable_a that_o fohi_n
as_o we_o pronounce_v it_o in_o totality_n and_o totus_fw-la v_o consonant_a as_o we_o do_v u_o vowel_n as_o the_o latin_a u_o or_o the_o french_a ou_fw-fr except_o in_o these_o word_n chu_n triu_n xiu_o thou_o tiu_n niu_n siu_n etc._n etc._n x_o be_v pronounce_v as_o in_o portuguese_a or_o ch_n in_o french_a as_o for_o example_n xansi_fw-fr xensi_fw-la as_o if_o it_o be_v write_v chansi_fw-la or_o chensi_fw-la i_o take_v those_o observation_n upon_o the_o pronunciation_n from_o father_n couplet_n from_o a_o chinese_n that_o be_v bring_v out_o of_o china_n from_o my_o author_n and_o out_o of_o father_n greslones_n preface_n to_o his_o relation_n the_o content_n chap._n i._n of_o the_o name_n which_o the_o chineses_n and_o foreigner_n give_v to_o china_n and_o of_o the_o country_n of_o catai_n and_o mangi_n p._n 1_o chap._n ii_o of_o the_o extent_n and_o division_n of_o china_n of_o the_o number_n of_o the_o city_n and_o other_o wall_a town_n and_o some_o other_o particular_n observe_v by_o the_o chinese_n author_n p._n 31_o chap._n iii_o of_o the_o antiquity_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o china_n and_o what_o a_o high_a opinion_n the_o chineses_n have_v of_o it_o p._n 59_o chap._n iu_o of_o the_o letter_n and_o language_n of_o china_n p._n 68_o chap._n v._o of_o the_o wit_n of_o the_o chinese_n and_o their_o principal_a book_n p._n 87_o chap._n vi_o of_o the_o civility_n and_o politeness_n of_o the_o chinese_n and_o of_o some_o of_o their_o feast_n p._n 101_o chap._n vii_o of_o the_o public_a work_n and_o building_n of_o the_o chinese_n and_o particular_o of_o the_o grand_a canal_n p._n 113_o chap._n viii_o of_o the_o great_a industry_n of_o this_o nation_n p._n 121_o chap._n ix_o of_o the_o navigation_n of_o the_o chinese_n p._n 128_o chap._n x._o of_o the_o great_a plenty_n of_o all_o thing_n in_o china_n p._n 133_o chap._n xi_o of_o the_o nobility_n of_o the_o empire_n p._n 145_o chap._n xii_o of_o the_o wonderful_a government_n of_o this_o empire_n of_o the_o distinction_n between_o the_o mandarin_n and_o of_o the_o council_n of_o state_n p._n 193_o chap._n xiii_o of_o the_o eleven_o supreme_a tribunal_n or_o of_o the_o six_o tribunal_n of_o the_o mandarin_n for_o letter_n and_o the_o five_o tribunal_n of_o the_o mandarin_n for_o military_a affair_n p._n 200_o chap._n fourteen_o of_o several_a other_o tribunal_n of_o pekim_n p._n 218_o chap._n xv._n of_o several_a tribunal_n and_o mandarin_n of_o province_n p._n 241_o chap._n xvi_o of_o the_o grandeur_n of_o the_o emperor_n of_o china_n and_o of_o his_o revenue_n p._n 250_o chap._n xvii_o a_o description_n of_o the_o city_n of_o pe_n kim_n of_o the_o wall_n that_o enclose_v the_o emperor_n palace_n and_o the_o form_n of_o the_o principal_a house_n of_o china_n p._n 265_o chap._n xviii_o of_o the_o twenty_o apartment_n belong_v to_o the_o emperor_n palace_n p._n 281_o chap._n xix_o a_o description_n of_o twenty_o particular_a palace_n contain_v in_o the_o inner_a enclosure_n of_o the_o emperor_n palace_n p._n 303_o chap._n xx._n of_o several_a other_o palace_n and_o some_o temple_n erect_v within_o the_o same_o enclosure_n p._n 314_o chap._n xxi_o of_o the_o emperor_n seven_o temple_n in_o pekim_n and_o how_o the_o king_n go_v abroad_o upon_o the_o performance_n of_o public_a ceremony_n p._n 319_o the_o plane_n of_o the_o city_n of_o pekim_n y_fw-fr e_o metropolis_n of_o china_n a_o scale_n of_o 10_o chinese_n furlong_n w_o ch_n amount_v to_o 2730_o geometrical_a pace_n one_o chinese_n furlong_n make_v 273_o geometrical_a pace_n a_o explanation_n of_o the_o plane_n of_o the_o city_n of_o pekim_n a_o the_o wall_n of_o the_o ancient_a city_n of_o pekim_n never_o 4_o league_n in_o circuit_n b_o the_o 9_o gate_n of_o the_o same_o wall_n c_o the_o street_n of_o the_o city_n d_o 1_o the_o first_o enclosure_n of_o the_o palace_n two_o league_n in_o circuit_n d_o 2_o the_o second_o enclosure_n d_o 3_o the_o three_o enclosure_n where_o the_o emperor_n reside_v e_z the_o south_n and_o principal_a gate_n of_o the_o city_n f_o the_o first_o street_n â—…_n ch_n you_o pass_v through_o upon_o youâ—…_n entrance_n into_o the_o city_n g_o a_o palace_n encempass_v with_o a_o marble_n baluâ—…_n trade_n h_o the_o second_o street_n â—…_n â—h_a two_o triumphal_a arch_n i_o the_o 〈◊〉_d apertim_fw-la 1_o the_o street_n of_o perpetual_a repose_n 2_o 2_o d._n 〈◊〉_d â—…_n ch_z be_v the_o first_o within_o the_o outer_a enclosure_n of_o the_o palace_n 3_o 3_o d._n call_v the_o portal_n of_o the_o beginning_n 4_o 4._o be_v the_o second_o enclosure_n 5_o 5_o call_v the_o supreme_a portal_n 6_o 6_o call_v the_o supreme_a imperial_a hall_n 7_o 7_o call_v the_o hall_n thrice_o exalt_v 8_o 8._o 〈◊〉_d the_o supreme_a hall_n in_o the_o middle_n 9_o 9_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d of_o â—…overaigne_a concord_n where_o the_o emâ—…_n 〈◊〉_d in_o councâ—…l_a â—…_n â—h_a his_o colaos_n 10_o 10_o the_o 〈◊〉_d of_o heaven_n 11_o 11_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d of_o heaven_n in_o â—…_n â—h_a and_o y_z e_z two_o 〈◊〉_d the_o emperor_n lodge_v himself_o 12_o 12_o the_o beautiful_a house_n 13_o 13_o the_o house_n which_o receive_v heaven_n 14_o 14_o 〈◊〉_d and_o garden_n 15_o 15_o the_o 〈◊〉_d of_o the_o inner_a enclosure_n 16_o 16_o the_o high_a â—…aisd_v portal_n on_o the_o south_n side_n with_o a_o place_n to_o manage_v horse_n 17_o 17_o the_o park_n and_o artificial_a mountain_n 18_o 18_o consist_v of_o three_o house_n 19_o 19_o the_o portal_n on_o the_o north_n side_n 20_o 20_o the_o enclosure_n call_v y_o e_o portal_n of_o repose_n 123_o to_o 20_o be_v 20_o particular_a place_n belong_v to_o the_o emperor_n for_o several_a use_n k_o the_o first_o palace_n between_o the_o two_o enclosure_n l_o the_n second_o palace_n m_o 3_o palace_n upon_o the_o lake_n n_o 4_o palace_n upon_o a_o mountain_n o_o 5_o palace_n near_o the_o lake_n p_o 6_o palace_n near_o the_o lake_n q_o 7_o palace_n r_o 8_o palace_n of_o the_o fortress_n s_o 1_o temple_n of_o the_o 4_o within_z y_z e_o palace_n t_o 2_o temple_n five_o 3_o temple_n x_o 4_o temple_n y_o 24_o place_n for_o the_o mandarin_n z_o 5_o temple_n in_o y_z e_z new_a city_n mark_v 1_o 2_o 3_o 4_o 5_o &_o 1_o temple_n in_o the_o old_a city_n &_o 2_o temple_n in_o the_o old_a city_n a_o a_o the_o 6_o tribunal_n mark_v 1_o 2_o 3_o 4_o 5_o 6_o â—…_n â—h_a a_o a_o b_o b_o the_o 5_o tribunal_n of_o y_fw-fr e_o military_a mandarins_n a_o new_a relation_n of_o china_n contain_v a_o description_n of_o the_o most_o considerable_a particular_n of_o that_o great_a empire_n chap._n i._o of_o the_o name_n which_o the_o chineses_n and_o foreigner_n give_v to_o china_n and_o of_o the_o country_n of_o catai_n and_o mangi_n it_o be_v a_o custom_n usual_a in_o this_o empire_n that_o when_o any_o new_a family_n ascend_v the_o imperial_a throne_n the_o sovereign_n give_v a_o new_a name_n to_o his_o dominion_n thus_o under_o the_o reign_n of_o the_o precede_a family_n china_n be_v call_v taè_fw-la mim_fw-mi que_fw-fr that_o be_v to_o say_v a_o kingdom_n of_o great_a brightness_n but_o the_o tartar_n who_o govern_v it_o at_o present_a have_v call_v it_o taà _fw-la cim_o que_fw-la or_o a_o kingdom_n of_o great_a purity_n and_o this_o be_v the_o appellation_n most_o common_a among_o the_o chinese_n however_o in_o regard_n thâ—…_n former_o there_o have_v be_v kingdom_n in_o it_o high_o famâ—…s_v either_o for_o their_o long_a continuance_n or_o for_o the_o virtue_n of_o their_o prince_n or_o the_o number_n of_o learned_a man_n or_o for_o some_o other_o advantage_n they_o have_v preserve_v and_o still_o make_v use_n in_o their_o book_n of_o name_n which_o be_v then_o in_o practice_n 〈◊〉_d as_o be_v those_o of_o hia_n que_fw-fr xam_n que_fw-fr cheu_n que_fw-fr hâ—…n_fw-fr que_fw-fr etc._n etc._n which_o give_v we_o to_o understand_v that_o although_o these_o name_n signify_v china_n yet_o they_o be_v rather_o intend_v to_o denote_v the_o reign_n of_o several_a royal_a family_n than_o to_o signify_v the_o kingdom_n itself_o in_o their_o book_n and_o petition_n to_o the_o king_n they_o general_o make_v use_v of_o the_o word_n xam_n que_fw-fr that_o be_v high_a and_o sovereign_a kingdom_n the_o learned_a man_n in_o their_o write_n and_o their_o book_n make_v choice_n of_o the_o word_n chum_n que_fw-fr which_o signify_v the_o flower_n of_o the_o middle_a or_o centre_n and_o indeed_o the_o most_o usual_a and_o common_a name_n for_o all_o china_n be_v chum_n que_fw-fr or_o the_o kingdom_n of_o the_o centre_n which_o name_n be_v give_v to_o it_o either_o because_o they_o believe_v that_o china_n lie_v in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o world_n or_o because_o the_o first_o king_n of_o china_n establish_v his_o throne_n in_o the_o province_n of_o honan_n which_o be_v then_o as_o it_o be_v the_o centre_n
pekim_n be_v the_o court_n of_o the_o prince_n of_o the_o family_n of_o mim_n which_o of_o late_a year_n be_v destroy_v by_o the_o eastern_a tartar_n which_o be_v grant_v i_o answer_v that_o father_n martin_n to_o who_o i_o refer_v the_o reader_n for_o fear_n of_o be_v tedious_a have_v very_o well_o unravel_v those_o difficulty_n and_o correct_v the_o hyperbole_n of_o m._n polo_n who_o like_o a_o young_a man_n as_o he_o be_v have_v enlarge_v many_o thing_n much_o beyond_o the_o truth_n nevertheless_o as_o to_o the_o number_n of_o twelve_o thousand_o bridge_n which_o m._n polo_n tell_v we_o there_o be_v in_o kimsai_n and_o which_o father_n martin_n grant_v for_o a_o truth_n i_o can_v so_o easy_o give_v my_o consent_n for_o beside_o that_o we_o have_v see_v the_o contrary_a the_o chineses_n themselves_o who_o stuff_n their_o write_n with_o so_o many_o impertinent_a particular_n will_v never_o have_v omit_v a_o circumstance_n of_o that_o importance_n also_o what_o m._n polo_n relate_v of_o the_o vastness_n of_o several_a bridge_n under_o which_o vessel_n may_v sail_v without_o strike_v their_o mast_n be_v no_o way_n probable_a since_o it_o be_v not_o to_o be_v believe_v that_o they_o shall_v be_v all_o so_o ruin_v that_o there_o shall_v be_v no_o trace_n of_o such_o structure_n remain_v thus_o much_o i_o know_v that_o a_o famous_a chinese_n author_n who_o have_v write_v a_o treatise_n of_o the_o grandeur_n of_o this_o empire_n and_o of_o who_o i_o shall_v relate_v many_o thing_n hereafter_o do_v not_o allow_v the_o city_n of_o ham_n cheu_n which_o be_v the_o same_o with_o kimsai_n above_o five_o considerable_a bridge_n nor_o will_v he_o have_v fail_v to_o have_v speak_v of_o that_o extravagant_a height_n of_o the_o bridge_n of_o his_o country_n have_v there_o be_v any_o ground_n for_o his_o so_o do_v the_o rest_n that_o m._n polo_n relate_v concern_v this_o city_n be_v true_a grant_v he_o only_o some_o excursion_n and_o enlargement_n according_a to_o his_o custom_n but_o to_o clear_v all_o dispute_n concern_v this_o same_o city_n of_o kimsai_n more_o especial_o because_o father_n martini_n speak_v of_o this_o ham_n cheù_n in_o his_o atlas_n fol._n 109._o vary_v in_o what_o he_o say_v of_o the_o oriental_a and_o western_a tartar_n i_o shall_v here_o produce_v a_o extract_n which_o i_o take_v for_o this_o very_a purpose_n out_o of_o the_o chronicle_n of_o china_n to_o the_o end_n then_o that_o family_n may_v be_v reckon_v into_o the_o number_n of_o the_o imperial_a family_n of_o this_o empire_n of_o necessity_n that_o family_n must_v either_o have_v subdue_v the_o whole_a or_o the_o great_a part_n of_o it_o for_o if_o it_o have_v conquer_v no_o more_o than_o only_o two_o or_o three_o province_n that_o family_n be_v only_o call_v pam-chao_n or_o a_o collateral_a kingdom_n nor_o be_v it_o to_o be_v admit_v into_o the_o direct_a line_n of_o the_o imperial_a family_n those_o than_o that_o we_o be_v now_o to_o speak_v of_o be_v of_o that_o number_n in_o the_o year_n of_o jesus_n christ_n 1200._o a_o captain_n of_o the_o oriental_a tarâ—…ars_n that_o some_o year_n since_o subdue_v this_o empire_n make_v himself_o master_n of_o the_o province_n of_o pekim_n xansi_fw-fr and_o xantum_fw-la which_o the_o yellow_a river_n separate_v from_o the_o other_o twelve_o thereupon_o he_o cause_v himself_o to_o be_v crown_v king_n and_o name_v his_o family_n tai-leao_a some_o year_n after_o another_o captain_n of_o the_o eastern_a tartar_n make_v war_n upon_o he_o get_v possession_n of_o his_o kingdom_n exterminate_v the_o reign_v family_n and_o call_v his_o own_o and_o his_o kingdom_n tai-kinque_a or_o the_o kingdom_n of_o gold_n which_o continue_v till_o the_o year_n 1260._o at_o what_o time_n the_o other_o twelve_o province_n be_v subdue_v by_o a_o emperor_n of_o the_o family_n of_o sûm_fw-la upon_o this_o some_o of_o his_o chief_a minister_n advise_v he_o to_o send_v great_a present_n to_o the_o grand_a have_fw-mi who_o have_v a_o little_a before_o subdue_v the_o western_a tartar_n and_o to_o desire_v his_o assistance_n for_o the_o expulsion_n of_o the_o tartar_n out_o of_o the_o three_o province_n which_o they_o have_v usurp_v but_o other_o of_o his_o councillor_n lay_v before_o he_o the_o ill_a consequence_n of_o provoke_v that_o terrible_a nation_n of_o the_o western_a tartar_n or_o molest_v the_o eastern_a with_o who_o they_o have_v for_o several_a year_n preserve_v a_o amicable_a correspondence_n withal_o that_o it_o be_v no_o good_a policy_n to_o expel_v tiger_n and_o bring_v more_o cruel_a lion_n into_o their_o room_n nevertheless_o the_o first_o counsel_n though_o the_o worst_a be_v follow_v and_o the_o grand_a have_fw-mi be_v call_v in_o with_o his_o tartar_n already_o the_o vanquisher_n of_o so_o many_o nation_n who_o in_o a_o short_a time_n exterminate_v the_o family_n of_o tai_n kim_n and_o make_v themselves_o master_n of_o the_o three_o province_n but_o so_o soon_o as_o they_o have_v finish_v that_o conquest_n perfidious_o they_o turn_v their_o arm_n against_o the_o king_n of_o china_n who_o keep_v his_o court_n in_o a_o city_n belong_v to_o the_o province_n of_o hônân_n border_v upon_o the_o yellow_a river_n this_o prince_n be_v terrify_v by_o the_o neighbourhood_n of_o those_o barbarian_n flee_v in_o all_o haste_n to_o the_o city_n of_o ham_n cheû_fw-fr in_o the_o province_n of_o the_o vhe_fw-it kiam_fw-la where_o he_o settle_v his_o court._n of_o which_o the_o have_fw-mi no_o soon_o have_v intelligence_n but_o he_o cross_v the_o yellow_a river_n and_o after_o little_a or_o no_o resistance_n make_v himself_o master_n of_o the_o province_n of_o honorio_n nam_n nan_n kim_n and_o vhe_fw-it kiam_fw-la and_o consequent_o of_o the_o village_n of_o ham_n cheû_fw-fr which_o m._n polo_n call_v kimsai_n thereupon_o the_o king_n of_o china_n flee_v into_o the_o province_n of_o fokien_a and_o from_o thence_o into_o that_o of_o quamtum_fw-la where_o have_v embark_a himself_o with_o a_o design_n to_o seek_v out_o foreign_a shelter_n he_o suffer_v shipwreck_n in_o the_o golf_n of_o the_o island_n of_o haî_fw-la nân_fw-la and_o there_o miserable_o perish_v so_o that_o all_o the_o rest_n of_o china_n submit_v voluntary_o to_o the_o grand_a har._n this_o be_v what_o i_o have_v take_v out_o of_o the_o history_n of_o china_n by_o which_o it_o be_v clear_o to_o be_v see_v that_o ham_n cheû_fw-fr and_o kimsai_n be_v one_o and_o the_o same_o city_n and_o that_o the_o word_n tai_n kim_n do_v not_o signify_v a_o mountain_n there_o be_v no_o such_o thing_n in_o tartary_n as_o it_o be_v imagine_v but_o the_o kingdom_n of_o gold._n which_o be_v the_o title_n that_o be_v former_o give_v to_o the_o oriental_a tartar_n note_n and_o explanation_n of_o the_o first_o chapter_n p._n 3._o as_o we_o shall_v relate_v in_o its_o due_a place_n the_o author_n as_o have_v be_v already_o say_v in_o the_o preface_n not_o be_v able_a to_o finish_v this_o work_n have_v not_o according_a to_o his_o promise_n make_v out_o the_o original_a of_o the_o eastern_a tartar_n nevertheless_o several_a author_n have_v make_v some_o mention_n of_o they_o as_o father_n martini_n in_o his_o history_n of_o the_o war_n of_o the_o tartar_n and_o in_o his_o preface_n to_o his_o atlas_n of_o china_n the_o embassy_n of_o the_o hollander_n to_o pekim_n father_n adam_n schall_n in_o his_o letter_n print_v at_o vienna_n in_o the_o year_n 1665._o and_o father_n couplet_n in_o his_o chronology_n of_o china_n print_v this_o year_n by_o which_o author_n and_o particular_o by_o the_o two_o latter_a it_o appear_v that_o it_o be_v not_o above_o a_o little_a while_n since_o the_o eastern_a tartar_n now_o master_n of_o china_n have_v have_v any_o king_n and_o that_o the_o original_a of_o those_o princess_n be_v so_o obscure_a that_o as_o modern_a as_o it_o be_v it_o be_v altogether_o intermix_v with_o fable_n father_n adam_n report_v that_o the_o elder_a of_o the_o uncle_n of_o the_o emperor_n xunchi_n the_o father_n of_o he_o that_o now_o reign_v have_v tell_v he_o several_a time_n that_o it_o be_v about_o ten_o generation_n since_o that_o three_o nymph_n or_o goddess_n call_v augela_n chaugula_n and_o foecula_n descend_v from_o heaven_n to_o bathe_v themselves_o in_o a_o river_n of_o tartary_n that_o foecula_n have_v discover_v under_o her_o clothes_n which_o she_o leave_v upon_o the_o shore_n a_o sort_n of_o nightshade_n or_o herb_n call_v alkakengi_n with_o red_a fruit_n devour_v it_o with_o such_o a_o greedy_a appetite_n that_o she_o become_v with_o child_n that_o her_o two_o companion_n return_v to_o heaven_n she_o remain_v upon_o earth_n till_o she_o be_v bring_v to_o bed_n of_o a_o boy_n which_o she_o suckle_v and_o afterward_o leave_v in_o a_o island_n of_o the_o river_n tell_v he_o that_o she_o be_v return_v to_o heaven_n but_o that_o a_o fisherman_n will_v come_v and_o take_v
five_o year_n ago_o by_o a_o certain_a prince_n who_o name_n be_v yao_n which_o last_o opinion_n be_v hold_v among_o they_o as_o a_o article_n of_o faith_n shall_v any_o chinese_n refuse_v to_o believe_v he_o will_v be_v look_v upon_o as_o a_o heretic_n and_o as_o such_o a_o one_o be_v severe_o punish_v so_o that_o shall_v the_o preacher_n of_o the_o gospel_n but_o once_o testify_v either_o by_o write_v or_o by_o word_n of_o mouth_n that_o they_o make_v a_o doubt_n of_o it_o that_o alone_o will_v be_v sufficient_a to_o shut_v the_o door_n upon_o our_o sacred_a religion_n and_o cause_v we_o all_o to_o be_v sentence_v to_o death_n the_o very_a bare_a suspicion_n without_o any_o foundation_n of_o a_o man_n incredulity_n in_o that_o point_n be_v a_o sufficient_a ground_n for_o banishment_n for_o this_o reason_n it_o be_v that_o the_o father_n of_o the_o mission_n have_v obtain_v leave_n from_o the_o holy_a see_v to_o stick_v to_o the_o version_n of_o the_o seventy_o approve_v by_o the_o church_n in_o the_o five_o general_n council_n as_o well_o for_o that_o the_o two_o latter_a opinion_n be_v very_o probable_a as_o to_o avoid_v the_o forementioned_a inconvenience_n and_o many_o other_o which_o may_v be_v easy_o imagine_v and_o indeed_o it_o must_v be_v acknowledge_v that_o there_o be_v not_o any_o kingdom_n in_o the_o world_n that_o can_v boast_v a_o train_n of_o king_n so_o ancient_a and_o so_o well_o continue_v those_o of_o the_o assyrian_n the_o persian_n the_o greek_n and_o roman_n have_v have_v their_o period_n whereas_o that_o of_o china_n continue_v still_o like_o a_o great_a river_n that_o never_o cease_v roll_v along_o the_o stream_n that_o fall_v from_o its_o first_o fountain_n this_o long_a continuance_n and_o other_o excellency_n of_o china_n of_o which_o we_o have_v already_o speak_v and_o of_o which_o we_o be_v to_o speak_v in_o the_o progress_n of_o this_o relation_n infuse_v into_o the_o chinese_n a_o pride_n most_o insupportable_a they_o put_v the_o high_a value_n imaginable_a upon_o their_o empire_n and_o all_o that_o belong_v to_o they_o but_o as_o for_o stranger_n they_o scorn_v they_o to_o the_o low_a pitch_n of_o contempt_n and_o all_o the_o advantage_n of_o their_o wit_n and_o learning_n though_o they_o themselves_o have_v little_a or_o no_o knowledge_n which_o be_v not_o so_o much_o to_o be_v wonder_v at_o since_o pride_n proceed_v from_o blindness_n and_o ignorance_n in_o their_o map_n they_o allow_v a_o vast_a extent_n to_o china_n but_o represent_v all_o other_o kingdom_n round_o about_o it_o without_o any_o order_n position_n or_o any_o other_o mark_v of_o good_a geography_n small_a contract_v and_o with_o title_n ridiculous_a and_o contemptible_a as_o for_o example_n siaò_fw-la gîn_fw-la que_fw-la or_o the_o kingdom_n the_o inhabitant_n of_o which_o be_v all_o dwarf_n and_o so_o little_a that_o they_o be_v constrain_v to_o tie_v themselves_o several_a in_o a_o bunch_n together_o for_o fear_n of_o be_v carry_v away_o by_o the_o eâ—…gles_n and_o kite_n niù_fw-fr gîn_fw-fr que_fw-fr or_o the_o kingdom_n where_o all_o the_o inhabitant_n be_v woman_n who_o conceive_v by_o look_v upon_o their_o shadow_n in_o a_o well_o or_o in_o a_o river_n and_o bring_v forth_o none_o but_o girl_n chuen_fw-ge sin_n que_fw-fr or_o a_o kingdom_n where_o the_o inhabitant_n have_v all_o a_o hole_n in_o their_o breast_n into_o which_o they_o stick_v a_o piece_n of_o wood_n and_o so_o carry_v one_o another_o from_o place_n to_o place_n a_o kingdom_n where_o the_o inhabitant_n have_v body_n like_o man_n and_o face_n like_o dog_n a_o kingdom_n where_o he_o inhabitant_n have_v such_o long_a arm_n that_o they_o reach_v down_o to_o the_o ground_n with_o many_o other_o such_o description_n of_o the_o same_o nature_n in_o short_a they_o represent_v the_o neighbour_a kingdom_n such_o as_o be_v those_o of_o the_o tartar_n the_o japanner_n of_o the_o peninsula_n of_o corea_n and_o those_o other_o that_o border_n round_o about_o upon_o china_n under_o the_o title_n of_o the_o four_o barbarous_a nation_n they_o say_v that_o beside_o china_n there_o be_v seventy_o two_o kingdom_n which_o they_o paint_v all_o very_a diminutive_a in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o sea_n like_v so_o many_o nutshell_n and_o their_o inhabitant_n all_o deform_a and_o monstrous_a with_o gesture_n so_o ridiculous_a or_o terrible_a that_o they_o resemble_v rather_o ape_n and_o wild_a beast_n then_o men._n of_o latter_a time_n have_v understand_v something_o of_o europe_n they_o have_v add_v it_o to_o their_o map_n as_o if_o it_o be_v the_o island_n of_o tenariff_n or_o some_o desert_n island_n and_o therefore_o it_o be_v that_o the_o viceroy_n of_o quam_fw-la tum_fw-la in_o the_o year_n 1668_o after_o he_o have_v speak_v of_o the_o embassy_n of_o the_o portuguese_n in_o a_o memorial_n which_o he_o send_v to_o the_o emperor_n add_v these_o word_n we_o find_v very_o plain_o that_o europe_n be_v no_o more_o then_o only_o two_o little_a island_n in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o sea._n they_o divide_v the_o heaven_n into_o eight_o and_o twenty_o constellation_n and_o china_n into_o so_o many_o quarter_n to_o every_o one_o of_o which_o they_o allow_v one_o of_o these_o constellation_n and_o call_v they_o by_o their_o name_n not_o leave_v so_o much_o as_o one_o for_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o kingdom_n they_o give_v to_o their_o own_o most_o loâ—…ty_a and_o magnificent_a title_n but_o to_o foreign_a country_n most_o barbarous_a disagreeable_a and_o scornful_a name_n on_o purpose_n to_o exalt_v their_o own_o empire_n by_o disgrace_v all_o other_o kingdom_n at_o what_o time_n i_o reside_v with_o father_n lewis_n buglio_n in_o the_o capital_a city_n of_o the_o province_n of_o sum_n chuen_fw-ge there_o be_v a_o persecution_n begin_v against_o the_o christian_a religion_n at_o the_o instigation_n of_o several_a thousand_o of_o bonze_n who_o assemble_v together_o from_o all_o part_n of_o the_o province_n and_o the_o same_o time_n accuse_v we_o in_o all_o the_o tribunal_n of_o the_o province_n more_o especial_o before_o the_o tribunal_n of_o crime_n which_o be_v call_v gán_n chan_o sum_o the_o precedent_n of_o which_o make_v answer_v to_o the_o petition_n of_o the_o bonze_n in_o this_o manner_n if_o these_o stranger_n remain_v in_o their_o habitation_n without_o stir_v forth_o or_o teach_v new_a invention_n chum_n que_fw-la chi_fw-mi tá_fw-la uû_fw-fr sò_fw-la pù_fw-fr yûm_fw-la that_o be_v to_o say_v this_o kingdom_n be_v so_o vast_a that_o it_o be_v able_a to_o contain_v both_o the_o native_n and_o the_o foreigner_n there_o be_v room_n enough_o for_o as_o many_o more_o but_o if_o they_o teach_v any_o new_a doctrine_n different_a from_o the_o sacred_a and_o true_a doctrine_n which_o we_o profess_v in_o this_o great_a empire_n or_o if_o they_o go_v about_o to_o surprise_v and_o delude_v the_o people_n let_v they_o be_v punish_v with_o every_o one_o forty_o lash_n and_o expel_v the_o province_n father_n nicholas_n longobardo_n have_v discourse_v for_o some_o time_n concern_v the_o law_n of_o god_n to_o some_o of_o the_o eunuch_n and_o with_o those_o solid_a reason_n and_o argument_n that_o it_o be_v apparent_a enough_o that_o they_o be_v inward_o convince_v they_o give_v no_o more_o than_o the_o follow_a reply_n chum_n que_fw-la chi_fw-mi uâi_fw-mi hûan_fw-mi yeù_fw-fr tao_fw-la that_o be_v to_o say_v what_o be_v this_o that_o we_o see_v what_o be_v this_o this_o that_o we_o hear_v be_v it_o possible_a that_o without_o the_o limit_n of_o this_o empire_n there_o shall_v be_v any_o rule_n or_o any_o path_n whereby_o to_o arrive_v at_o true_a virtue_n be_v there_o any_o other_o belief_n or_o any_o other_o law_n and_o i_o have_v many_o time_n observe_v that_o when_o i_o have_v be_v discourse_v with_o the_o learned_a concern_v the_o christian_a religion_n and_o the_o science_n of_o europe_n they_o ask_v i_o whether_o we_o have_v their_o book_n to_o which_o when_o i_o answer_v no_o they_o reply_v altogether_o surprise_v waver_v and_o scandalize_v if_o in_o europe_n you_o have_v not_o our_o book_n and_o our_o write_n what_o learning_n or_o what_o science_n can_v you_o have_v however_o these_o insidel_n deserve_v both_o to_o be_v pity_v and_o excuse_v since_o it_o be_v impossible_a to_o imagine_v the_o high_a idea_n which_o not_o only_o the_o great_a lord_n and_o learned_a man_n but_o also_o the_o vulgar_a people_n have_v conceive_v of_o this_o empire_n and_o certain_o beside_o that_o our_o nature_n incline_v we_o always_o to_o put_v a_o value_n upon_o ourselves_o and_o all_o that_o belong_v to_o we_o the_o extraordinary_a grandeur_n and_o advantage_n of_o this_o kingdom_n contribute_v very_o much_o to_o puff_v up_o the_o mind_n of_o the_o chinese_n with_o foolish_a imagination_n and_o unparalleled_a pride_n note_n upon_o the_o three_o chapter_n a._n p._n 59_o the_o chronology_n of_o china_n be_v of_o extraordinary_a importance_n
for_o want_v of_o art_n and_o knowledge_n not_o for_o defect_n of_o wit_n they_o have_v also_o several_a book_n that_o treat_v of_o the_o mathematics_n and_o military_a discipline_n and_o several_a excellent_a treatise_n of_o physic_n wherein_o they_o show_v the_o smartness_n of_o their_o wit_n by_o make_v several_a solid_a and_o learned_a discourse_n upon_o the_o pulse_n or_o beat_v of_o artery_n of_o which_o they_o have_v a_o particular_a knowledge_n upon_o the_o manner_n of_o know_v and_o distinguish_v between_o disease_n and_o disease_n they_o have_v several_a pleasant_a romance_n and_o book_n of_o chivalry_n like_o those_o of_o amadis_n de_fw-fr gaul_n oâ—…lando_n furioso_n d._n quixote_n etc._n etc._n and_o volume_n of_o history_n and_o precedent_n of_o obedience_n of_o child_n towards_o their_o parent_n of_o the_o loyalty_n of_o subject_n towards_o their_o prince_n of_o agriculture_n eloquent_a discourse_n pleasant_a poem_n full_a of_o witty_a invention_n tragedy_n and_o comedy_n and_o last_o a_o very_a great_a number_n of_o treatise_n upon_o a_o insinity_n of_o other_o subject_n beside_o that_o such_o be_v their_o readiness_n and_o quickness_n of_o invention_n that_o there_o be_v very_o few_o licentiate_n or_o doctor_n that_o do_v not_o publish_v at_o least_o one_o or_o two_o large_a volume_n they_o have_v five_o volume_n which_o they_o call_v u_o kim_n or_o the_o five_o write_n which_o among_o they_o be_v the_o same_o as_o the_o holy_a scripture_n among_o we_o the_o first_o be_v call_v xu_o kim_n that_o be_v to_o say_v a_o chronicle_n of_o five_o ancient_a king_n which_o the_o chineses_n esteem_v and_o worship_n for_o saint_n the_o three_o last_o be_v the_o head_n of_o three_o different_a family_n that_o reign_v for_o almost_o two_o thousand_o year_n that_o be_v to_o say_v almost_o as_o long_o as_o the_o nineteen_o family_n that_o succeed_v they_o including_z also_o that_o of_o the_o tartar_n that_o reign_v at_o present_a the_o first_o of_o these_o emperor_n be_v call_v yao_n who_o according_a to_o the_o chinese_n chronicle_n begin_v his_o reign_n four_o thousand_o and_o twenty_o five_o year_n ago_o count_v to_o this_o present_a year_n 1668._o or_o about_o five_o hundred_o year_n after_o the_o deluge_n according_a to_o the_o calculation_n of_o the_o seventy_o interpreter_n this_o prince_n the_o legislator_n of_o the_o chinese_n be_v eminent_a for_o several_a virtue_n more_o â—…specially_o for_o his_o extraordinary_a clemency_n justice_n and_o prudence_n now_o in_o regard_n he_o see_v that_o his_o son_n have_v not_o those_o quality_n which_o be_v requisite_a for_o a_o good_a governor_n for_o by_o the_o report_n of_o the_o chinese_n they_o put_v a_o high_a value_n upon_o virtue_n then_o upon_o all_o other_o endowment_n he_o choose_v for_o his_o copartner_n in_o the_o empire_n one_o of_o his_o subject_n call_v by_o the_o name_n of_o xùn_n who_o he_o declare_v emperor_n upon_o his_o death_n bed_n and_o give_v he_o his_o two_o daughter_n for_o his_o wife_n this_o precedent_n the_o chineses_n make_v use_n of_o to_o maintain_v polygamy_n but_o the_o father_n of_o our_o society_n return_v for_o answer_n according_a to_o the_o sentiment_n of_o the_o father_n and_o doctor_n of_o the_o church_n that_o god_n at_o that_o time_n permit_v plurality_n of_o wife_n because_o it_o be_v requisite_a for_o the_o multiplication_n of_o human_a kind_a and_o for_o people_n the_o earth_n the_o chineses_n be_v satisfy_v with_o this_o answer_n because_o the_o first_o of_o their_o sacred_a book_n inform_v they_o that_o at_o that_o time_n china_n be_v but_o very_o thin_o inhabit_v moreover_o they_o approve_v the_o exposition_n which_o father_n julio_n aleni_n make_v upon_o that_o passage_n in_o the_o book_n call_v keù_n to_o ge_fw-mi chaos_n compose_v by_o the_o learned_a christian_n of_o the_o province_n of_o fokien_a from_o what_o they_o have_v hear_v the_o learned_a father_n discourse_n both_o in_o public_a and_o private_a that_o be_v to_o say_v that_o though_o the_o word_n of_o the_o text_n of_o that_o first_o book_n be_v cil_n niù_fw-fr those_o two_o monosyllable_n do_v not_o signify_v two_o daughter_n but_o the_o second_o daughter_n of_o the_o emperor_n yao_n which_o he_o marry_v to_o his_o successor_n for_o that_o the_o chinese_n as_o it_o be_v the_o custom_n at_o present_a never_o give_v no_o other_o name_n for_o distinction_n sake_n but_o only_o that_o of_o the_o order_n of_o their_o birth_n as_o for_o example_n the_o first_o the_o second_o the_o third_z son._n so_o that_o when_o they_o read_v that_o yao_n give_v to_o xùn_n cil_n niù_fw-fr the_o meaning_n be_v that_o the_o emperor_n give_v he_o his_o second_o daughter_n the_o letter_n cil_n be_v no_o more_o than_o the_o figure_n 2_o among_o we_o that_o emperor_n xùn_o be_v applaud_v in_o this_o book_n for_o many_o virtue_n but_o more_o especial_o for_o his_o obedience_n to_o his_o father_n and_o his_o affection_n to_o his_o brother_n who_o both_o endeavour_v to_o have_v kill_v he_o several_a time_n but_o he_o suffer_v all_o their_o cruelty_n with_o a_o extraordinary_a patience_n among_o other_o example_n of_o his_o virtue_n there_o be_v two_o philosopher_n who_o report_n how_o that_o one_o day_n his_o father_n and_o his_o brother_n who_o be_v both_o as_o wicked_a as_o he_o be_v virtuous_a command_v he_o to_o go_v down_o into_o a_o well_o to_o cleanse_v it_o immediate_o he_o obey_v but_o he_o be_v no_o soon_o at_o the_o bottom_n but_o those_o barbarian_n transport_v with_o fury_n and_o malice_n draw_v the_o ladder_n and_o throw_v down_o great_a stone_n piece_n of_o wood_n and_o what_o ever_o they_o can_v find_v next_o at_o hand_n to_o destroy_v he_o in_o the_o well_o however_o he_o get_v out_o through_o a_o passage_n which_o he_o discover_v under_o ground_n nevertheless_o he_o be_v so_o far_o from_o seek_v to_o revenge_v that_o excess_n of_o fury_n and_o inhumaniâ—…y_n that_o he_o repay_v they_o with_o great_a mark_n than_o ever_o of_o respect_n and_o love._n the_o three_o emperor_n be_v call_v yù_n who_o have_v serve_v the_o emperor_n xùn_n during_o his_o life_n time_n with_o great_a loyalty_n and_o advantage_n the_o die_a prince_n make_v choice_n of_o he_o for_o his_o successor_n in_o regard_n that_o his_o son_n beside_o that_o he_o be_v notorious_o wicked_a be_v no_o way_n endow_v with_o part_n to_o govern_v the_o empire_n this_o emperor_n yù_n during_o the_o reign_n of_o his_o predecessor_n take_v care_n to_o drain_v away_o the_o water_n of_o the_o deluge_n which_o at_o that_o time_n overslow_v a_o great_a part_n of_o the_o plain_n of_o china_n and_o which_o the_o chineses_n call_v by_o the_o name_n of_o hûm_fw-la xùi_fw-la or_o the_o great_a deluge_n of_o water_n this_o emperor_n be_v desirous_a as_o his_o successor_n have_v do_v before_o he_o to_o choose_v for_o his_o successor_n one_o of_o his_o subject_n call_v you_o who_o have_v be_v assistant_n to_o he_o in_o the_o government_n of_o his_o kingdom_n but_o the_o people_n will_v not_o permit_v he_o declare_v that_o the_o emperor_n son_n be_v a_o person_n endue_v with_o all_o virtue_n necessary_a to_o govern_v they_o well_o and_o so_o they_o put_v he_o in_o possession_n of_o the_o empire_n the_o prince_n that_o succeed_v this_o last_o emperor_n reign_v by_o right_a of_o succession_n and_o not_o of_o election_n till_o the_o emperor_n kie_fw-mi a_o vicious_a and_o cruel_a prince_n who_o be_v the_o last_o of_o this_o same_o first_o family_n the_o four_o emperor_n call_v chim_z tam_fw-la be_v the_o founder_n of_o the_o second_o royal_a family_n his_o eminent_a virtue_n have_v oblige_v the_o precede_a emperor_n to_o make_v he_o king_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o po_n which_o be_v at_o present_a comprehend_v within_o the_o province_n of_o hô_o nan_n he_o take_v up_o arm_n against_o the_o emperor_n kie_fw-mi and_o after_o he_o have_v deliver_v the_o people_n from_o so_o cruel_a a_o tyrant_n make_v himself_o master_n of_o the_o empire_n during_o the_o reign_n of_o this_o emperor_n there_o be_v such_o a_o drought_n that_o there_o be_v neither_o rain_n nor_o snow_n for_o seven_o year_n together_o as_o if_o the_o heaven_n have_v be_v make_v of_o brass_n the_o fountain_n and_o river_n be_v almost_o all_o dry_v up_o the_o land_n become_v barren_a and_o these_o calamity_n be_v attend_v with_o famine_n and_o pestilence_n in_o the_o midst_n of_o these_o fatal_a extremity_n the_o emperor_n forsake_v his_o palace_n quit_v his_o royal_a habit_n and_o cover_v himself_o with_o certain_a skin_n go_v up_o to_o the_o top_n of_o a_o hill_n call_v sam_n lin_n where_o as_o he_o lay_v prostrate_a upon_o the_o earth_n he_o make_v the_o follow_a prayer_n lord_n if_o thy_o people_n have_v offend_v thou_o punish_v they_o not_o because_o they_o have_v ignorant_o transgress_v against_o thou_o punish_v i_o rather_o who_o here_o present_v myself_o before_o thou_o as_o a_o victim_n ready_a
which_o more_o in_o due_a place_n present_v to_o the_o king_n upon_o all_o important_a affair_n of_o the_o empire_n whether_o they_o relate_v to_o peace_n or_o war_n or_o whether_o to_o cause_n civil_a or_o criminal_a when_o they_o have_v determine_v they_o they_o communicate_v their_o judgement_n to_o the_o king_n in_o a_o very_a short_a extract_n who_o either_o ratisy_n or_o cancelâ—…_n they_o as_o he_o please_v and_o then_o overlooking_a the_o memorial_n at_o large_a himself_o gives_z his_o own_o decision_n as_o he_o think_v the_o cause_n deserve_v they_o that_o compose_v the_o second_o classis_fw-la be_v as_o it_o be_v assistant_n and_o assessor_n to_o the_o king_n counsellor_n and_o be_v very_o powerful_a and_o much_o dread_v and_o respect_v they_o be_v usual_o of_o the_o second_o or_o three_o order_n of_o mandarin_n and_o be_v many_o time_n prefer_v to_o be_v counsellor_n to_o the_o king_n viceroy_n of_o province_n and_o to_o the_o principal_a office_n of_o the_o six_o supreme_a tribunal_n their_o usual_a title_n be_v ta_o hion_n sum_o or_o the_o learned_a in_o great_a knowledge_n this_o title_n be_v also_o give_v to_o the_o king_n counsellor_n beside_o which_o the_o king_n also_o conser_n other_o very_a honourable_a title_n upon_o the_o mandarin_n of_o these_o two_o classe_n according_a to_o their_o desert_n as_o tai_n cu_z tai_n or_o chief_a governor_n of_o the_o prince_n heir_n of_o the_o crown_n tai_n cu_z tai_n su_fw-es grand_fw-fr master_n to_o the_o same_o prince_n ho_o tien_n ta_o trion_n su_fw-es chief_z letter_v of_o the_o hall_n of_o concord_n and_o the_o like_a the_o mandarin_n of_o the_o three_o classis_fw-la of_o this_o tribunal_n be_v call_v chum_n xu_o co_fw-la that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o classis_fw-la or_o school_n of_o the_o mandarin_n their_o business_n it_o be_v to_o write_v or_o cause_n to_o be_v write_v out_o the_o affair_n of_o this_o tribunal_n and_o the_o king_n give_v they_o title_n answerable_a to_o the_o place_n and_o hall_n where_o they_o exercise_v their_o function_n they_o be_v usual_o of_o the_o four_o five_o or_o six_o order_n of_o tho_o mandarin_n but_o they_o be_v much_o more_o dread_a than_o those_o of_o the_o two_o precede_a classe_n for_o that_o upon_o they_o sole_o it_o be_v that_o the_o good_a or_o ill_a success_n of_o affair_n in_o a_o great_a measure_n depend_v for_o that_o by_o alter_v add_v or_o leave_v out_o a_o letter_n they_o may_v cause_v either_o the_o gain_n or_o lose_v of_o a_o suit._n insomuch_o that_o many_o time_n through_o their_o wilful_a mistake_n the_o most_o innocent_a lose_v their_o estate_n their_o reputation_n and_o their_o life_n so_o great_a a_o power_n have_v corruption_n and_o avarice_n over_o that_o nation_n and_o such_o a_o energy_n of_o expression_n and_o nicety_n of_o equivocal_a interpretation_n lie_v in_o the_o chinese_n letter_n moreover_o beside_o these_o three_o classe_n there_o belong_v to_o this_o tribunal_n a_o infinite_a number_n of_o scrivener_n proctor_n reuâ—…sers_n and_o other_o officer_n chap._n xiii_o of_o the_o eleven_o supreme_a tribunal_n or_o of_o the_o six_o tribunal_n of_o the_o mandarin_n for_o letter_n and_o the_o five_o tribunal_n of_o the_o mandarin_n for_o military_a affair_n beside_o the_o supreme_a tribunal_n of_o which_o we_o have_v speak_v in_o the_o forego_n chapter_n there_o be_v yet_o eleven_o chief_a tribunal_n more_o between_o which_o the_o king_n of_o china_n two_o thousand_o year_n before_o the_o come_n of_o christ_n share_v all_o the_o affair_n of_o the_o empire_n and_o which_o remain_v to_o this_o present_a day_n that_o be_v to_o say_v six_o of_o learned_a mandarin_n which_o they_o call_v lo_o pu_o and_o five_o of_o military_a mandarin_n that_o be_v call_v ù_fw-mi fu_fw-mi and_o of_o which_o we_o shall_v speak_v hereafter_o the_o first_o of_o the_o six_o tribunal_n of_o the_o learned_a be_v call_v li_n pu_o who_o business_n it_o be_v to_o take_v care_n of_o all_o the_o mandarin_n of_o the_o empire_n and_o have_v power_n to_o confer_v or_o deprive_v they_o of_o their_o employment_n the_o second_o hu_o pu_o have_v the_o superintendence_n over_o all_o the_o imposition_n and_o revenue_n of_o the_o king_n the_o third_n li_n pu_o have_v the_o management_n and_o order_n of_o all_o the_o rite_n and_o ceremony_n the_o four_o pim_n pu_o take_v care_n of_o all_o the_o arm_n captain_n and_o soldier_n throughout_o the_o whole_a empire_n the_o five_o he_o pu_fw-fr take_v cognizance_n of_o all_o crime_n and_o the_o punishment_n of_o all_o offender_n in_o the_o kingdom_n the_o six_o cum_fw-la pu_fw-fr have_v the_o oversee_n of_o all_o the_o king_n work_n and_o building_n these_o six_o tribunal_n have_v a_o jurisdiction_n over_o almost_o all_o those_o that_o belong_v to_o the_o court_n but_o be_v absolute_a over_o all_o in_o the_o province_n by_o who_o they_o be_v dread_v and_o obey_v though_o at_o never_o so_o great_a a_o distance_n as_o if_o they_o be_v under_o their_o eye_n but_o in_o regard_v their_o power_n be_v so_o large_a and_o of_o so_o great_a a_o extent_n for_o fear_v lest_o any_o one_o among_o they_o shall_v make_v use_n of_o his_o authority_n to_o raise_v sedition_n and_o lie_v hold_v of_o any_o opportunity_n to_o revolt_v their_o employment_n be_v regulate_v in_o such_o a_o manner_n that_o there_o be_v not_o one_o of_o these_o tribunal_n that_o can_v determine_v the_o business_n with_o which_o they_o be_v entrust_v without_o the_o interposition_n and_o approbation_n of_o the_o rest_n as_o we_o see_v every_o day_n and_o have_v find_v true_a by_o woeful_a experience_n in_o the_o time_n of_o our_o persecution_n during_o which_o we_o be_v send_v to_o all_o these_o tribunal_n for_o the_o determination_n of_o several_a circumstance_n in_o the_o palace_n belong_v to_o every_o one_o of_o these_o six_o tribunal_n there_o be_v always_o a_o hall_n and_o a_o apartment_n for_o one_o mandarin_n call_v co_n li_n or_o overseer_n who_o examine_v either_o public_o or_o private_o all_o that_o be_v do_v in_o his_o tribunal_n and_o if_o he_o find_v any_o disorder_n or_o any_o injustice_n he_o present_o give_v notice_n thereof_o to_o the_o king._n which_o mandarin_n be_v neither_o subject_n nor_o superior_a to_o his_o tribunal_n but_o only_o a_o overseer_n or_o controller_n as_o we_o have_v say_v before_o the_o chief_a precedent_n of_o these_o six_o tribunal_n by_o reason_n of_o their_o office_n be_v of_o the_o first_o degree_n of_o the_o second_o order_n of_o mandarin_n they_o be_v call_v xam_n xu_o for_o example_n li_n pu_fw-fr xam_n xu_o that_o be_v chief_z precedent_n of_o the_o tribunal_n of_o ceremony_n hâ—…_n pu_fw-fr xam_n xu_o chief_a precedent_n of_o the_o tribunal_n of_o the_o king_n revenue_n every_o one_o of_o these_o precedent_n have_v two_o assessor_n of_o which_o the_o first_o be_v call_v tso_n xi_o lamb_n or_o precedent_n of_o the_o left_a hand_n the_o other_o you_o xi_o lamb_n or_o precedent_n of_o the_o right_a hand_n which_o assessor_n be_v of_o the_o first_o degree_n of_o the_o second_o order_n all_o these_o three_o precedent_n have_v several_a other_o title_n beside_o for_o example_n the_o first_o be_v call_v ta_o tamburlaine_n the_o great_a or_o first_o hall_n the_o second_o the_o hall_n on_o the_o left_a hand_n the_o three_o the_o hall_n on_o the_o right_a hand_n these_o six_o tribunal_n be_v plant_v according_a to_o their_o rank_n close_o by_o the_o king_n palace_n on_o the_o east_n side_n in_o large_a magnificent_a square_a structure_n the_o side_n of_o which_o be_v every_o way_n a_o musket_n shoot_v and_o a_o half_a in_o length_n these_o structure_n have_v every_o one_o three_o division_n of_o door_n court_n and_o apartment_n the_o first_o precedent_n possess_v that_o in_o the_o middle_n which_o begin_v at_o the_o street_n with_o a_o portal_n that_o have_v three_o door_n and_o run_v along_o through_o other_o door_n portal_n and_o court_n beautify_v with_o portico_n and_o gallery_n support_v by_o fair_a pillar_n till_o you_o come_v to_o a_o spacious_a hall_n where_o the_o first_o precedent_n sit_v with_o his_o assessor_n and_o many_o other_o mandarin_n who_o have_v their_o particular_a title_n but_o be_v general_o call_v mandarin_n of_o the_o great_a hall._n beyond_o this_o hall_n there_o be_v another_o court_n and_o beyond_o that_o another_o lesser_a hall_n where_o the_o first_o precedent_n withdraw_v with_o his_o assessor_n when_o he_o be_v to_o examine_v any_o private_a business_n or_o any_o affair_n of_o extraordinary_a moment_n on_o both_o side_n and_o beyond_o this_o hall_n there_o be_v several_a chamber_n and_o other_o hall_n the_o chamber_n be_v for_o the_o use_n of_o the_o precedent_n his_o assessor_n and_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o mandarin_n to_o take_v their_o repose_n and_o to_o eat_v their_o meat_n which_o the_o king_n give_v they_o to_o the_o end_n that_o have_v no_o occasion_n to_o go_v to_o their_o own_o
reason_n of_o the_o merit_n of_o their_o ancestor_n the_o tribunal_n call_v co_n tao_n or_o co_n li_n be_v that_o of_o the_o inspecter_n or_o overseer_n of_o which_o we_o have_v already_o speak_v which_o be_v divide_v into_o six_o class_n like_o the_o six_o superior_a tribunal_n from_o whence_o they_o take_v their_o name_n and_o distinction_n for_o example_n the_o first_o be_v call_v li_n co_n or_o inspecter_n of_o the_o superior_a tribunal_n of_o the_o mandarin_n the_o second_o hu_o co_n or_o inspecter_n of_o the_o superior_a tribunal_n of_o the_o exchequer_n and_o so_o of_o the_o rest_n every_o classis_fw-la be_v compose_v of_o several_a mandarin_n all_o of_o the_o seven_o order_n and_o all_o equal_a so_o that_o there_o be_v not_o one_o no_o not_o so_o much_o as_o he_o that_o keep_v the_o seal_n of_o the_o tribunal_n who_o have_v any_o superiority_n over_o the_o rest_n of_o his_o brethren_n their_o business_n be_v to_o reprehend_v the_o king_n himself_o for_o any_o miscarriage_n of_o his_o government_n and_o there_o be_v some_o so_o resolute_a and_o undaunted_a that_o they_o will_v rather_o expose_v themselves_o to_o death_n and_o banishment_n than_o forbear_v when_o they_o have_v truth_n on_o their_o side_n which_o they_o will_v tell_v he_o sometime_o to_o his_o face_n and_o sometime_o in_o write_v without_o any_o mince_n of_o the_o matter_n and_o of_o this_o freedom_n as_o we_o meet_v at_o present_a with_o several_a example_n so_o be_v there_o a_o far_o great_a number_n to_o be_v see_v in_o the_o chinese_n history_n many_o time_n also_o it_o happen_v that_o the_o king_n will_v amend_v their_o defect_n and_o magnificent_o reward_v those_o that_o have_v be_v so_o liberal_a of_o their_o reproof_n they_o be_v also_o entrust_v to_o inspect_v the_o disorder_n of_o the_o six_o superior_a tribunal_n and_o to_o inform_v the_o king_n by_o private_a memorial_n the_o king_n likewise_o make_v choice_n of_o the_o mandarin_n of_o this_o tribunal_n for_o the_o execution_n of_o several_a order_n of_o importance_n that_o require_v secrecy_n and_o every_o year_n he_o cull_v out_o three_o to_o be_v visitor_n the_o first_o of_o which_o be_v call_v siun_z cim_o who_o visit_v all_o the_o merchant_n of_o the_o court_n or_o in_o the_o city_n of_o pe_n kim_n and_o take_v notice_n of_o all_o merchandise_n that_o be_v either_o sophisticated_a or_o prohibit_v the_o second_o be_v call_v sium_n cam_n who_o visit_v the_o burner_n of_o the_o king_n lime_n the_o three_o who_o be_v call_v sium_n xi_o nim_fw-mi ym_fw-mi be_v present_a at_o all_o the_o general_n muster_n the_o mandarin_n of_o this_o tribunal_n be_v only_o of_o the_o seven_o order_n however_o their_o authority_n and_o power_n be_v very_o large_a the_o tribunal_n call_v he_o gin_n sum_o consist_v of_o several_a mandarin_n all_o doctor_n all_o equal_a and_o all_o of_o the_o seven_o order_n like_o those_o of_o the_o precede_a tribunal_n their_o employment_n be_v to_o be_v send_v abroad_o either_o as_o envoy_n or_o ambassador_n either_o to_o distant_a part_n of_o the_o empire_n or_o to_o foreign_a state_n as_o when_o the_o king_n send_v they_o to_o carry_v title_n of_o honour_n to_o the_o mother_n or_o wise_a of_o a_o mandarin_n slay_v in_o the_o war_n or_o after_o he_o have_v do_v the_o king_n and_o kingdom_n eminent_a service_n in_o the_o discharge_n of_o his_o employment_n or_o when_o the_o emperor_n be_v please_v to_o confer_v or_o confirm_v the_o title_n of_o king_n to_o the_o prince_n of_o corea_n or_o any_o other_o neighbour_a sovereign_n these_o embassy_n be_v very_o honourable_a and_o sometime_o no_o less_o gainful_a the_o tribunal_n of_o tai_n li_n sum_o i._n e._n of_o supreme_a reason_n and_o justice_n be_v so_o call_v because_o they_o be_v entrust_v to_o examine_v all_o doubtful_a and_o intricate_a cause_n and_o to_o confirm_v or_o annihilate_v the_o sentence_n of_o other_o tribunal_n especial_o in_o reference_n to_o crime_n that_o concern_v the_o estate_n the_o honour_n and_o life_n of_o the_o king_n subject_n the_o precedent_n of_o this_o tribunal_n be_v of_o the_o three_o order_n his_o two_o lateral_a judge_n or_o assessor_n of_o the_o four_o and_o the_o other_o inferior_a mandarin_n of_o which_o there_o be_v a_o great_a number_n of_o the_o five_o and_o six_o when_o the_o tribunal_n of_o crime_n condemn_v to_o death_n any_o person_n of_o quality_n or_o other_o person_n of_o mean_a condition_n and_o that_o the_o king_n find_v the_o reason_n of_o the_o sentence_n dubious_a he_o refer_v it_o always_o to_o san_n fa_o sum_o which_o be_v as_o it_o be_v his_o council_n of_o conscience_n then_o three_o tribunal_n assemble_v together_o the_o tai_n li_z sum_z the_o tu_fw-la li_z yven_v or_o the_o superior_a tribunal_n of_o visitor_n and_o the_o tribunal_n of_o crime_n all_o these_o together_o re_fw-mi examine_v the_o process_n in_o the_o presence_n of_o the_o accuser_n and_o the_o party_n accuse_v and_o many_o time_n revoke_v the_o sentence_n for_o that_o the_o 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that_o come_v from_o foreign_a country_n the_o mandarin_n of_o the_o province_n of_o pekim_n present_v their_o memorial_n immediate_o to_o the_o king_n himself_o never_o take_v notice_n of_o this_o tribunal_n the_o precedent_n of_o which_o be_v of_o the_o three_o order_n of_o mandarin_n his_o first_o assessor_n of_o the_o four_o his_o second_o assessor_n of_o the_o five_o and_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o inferior_a mandarin_n of_o the_o six_o and_o seven_o order_n the_o tribunal_n tai_n chan_fw-mi sum_z be_v as_o it_o be_v a_o associate_n and_o assistant_n to_o the_o supreme_a tribunal_n of_o ceremony_n the_o precedent_n be_v of_o the_o three_o order_n his_o assessor_n of_o the_o four_o and_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o mandarin_n of_o which_o there_o be_v a_o great_a number_n of_o the_o five_o and_o six_o order_n they_o take_v particular_a care_n of_o the_o king_n music_n and_o sacrifice_n and_o in_o regard_n these_o sacrifice_n be_v perform_v in_o the_o temple_n dedicate_v to_o the_o heaven_n the_o earth_n the_o sun_n and_o moon_n to_o river_n and_o mountain_n this_o tribunal_n take_v care_n of_o all_o those_o pile_n which_o be_v very_o vast_a and_o magnificent_a they_o also_o take_v care_n of_o the_o marry_a bonze_n who_o be_v general_o alchemist_n and_o fortune-teller_n two_o of_o these_o mandarin_n be_v appoint_v to_o give_v order_n for_o the_o reception_n and_o lodging_n of_o stranger_n that_o come_v to_o court._n last_o they_o have_v the_o oversight_n of_o the_o public_a courtesan_n of_o the_o place_n of_o their_o habitation_n and_o of_o those_o that_o govern_v and_o direct_v they_o in_o their_o infamous_a trade_n the_o chineses_n to_o show_v their_o aversion_n to_o those_o miserable_a creature_n call_v they_o â—…am_fw-la â—…a_fw-la that_o be_v to_o say_v man_n that_o have_v utter_o bury_v in_o oblivion_n eight_o virtue_n viz._n obedience_n to_o theâ—…_n father_n and_o mother_n affection_n for_o their_o brethren_n and_o other_o kindred_n fidelity_n towards_o their_o prince_n sincerity_n honesty_n justice_n modesty_n chastity_n and_o all_o manner_n of_o laudable_a science_n and_o customâ—…_n this_o be_v the_o signification_n of_o those_o two_o word_n which_o the_o chineses_n mark_v with_o only_o two_o letter_n by_o which_o it_o be_v easy_a to_o see_v the_o force_n of_o their_o language_n and_o the_o esteem_n which_o they_o have_v for_o virtue_n though_o for_o the_o most_o part_n they_o follow_v their_o own_o deprave_a inclination_n that_o carry_v they_o headlong_o into_o vice_n the_o tribunal_n quan_fw-mi lo_o su_fw-es or_o of_o the_o royal_a inn_n take_v care_n for_o the_o provision_n of_o wine_n cattle_n and_o all_o other_o thing_n necessary_a for_o the_o king_n sacrifice_n banquet_n and_o for_o the_o entertainment_n of_o such_o as_o be_v treat_v at_o the_o king_n charge_n whether_o chineses_n or_o foreigner_n this_o tribunal_n be_v a_o associate_n to_o that_o of_o the_o ceremony_n the_o precedent_n be_v of_o the_o
father_n gabriel_n de_fw-fr magaillans_n a_o native_a of_o portugal_n be_v bear_v in_o the_o year_n 1609._o he_o spend_v his_o first_o year_n in_o the_o house_n of_o one_o of_o his_o uncle_n who_o be_v a_o canon_n and_o who_o take_v care_n to_o educate_v he_o in_o piety_n and_o the_o fear_n of_o god._n afterward_o he_o study_v in_o the_o school_n of_o the_o society_n of_o jesus_n in_o the_o famous_a university_n of_o conimbre_n where_o move_v by_o the_o good_a example_n of_o those_o father_n he_o resolve_v to_o forsake_v the_o world_n and_o be_v receive_v into_o the_o society_n at_o seventeen_o year_n of_o age_n be_v as_o yet_o but_o a_o noviciate_n he_o beg_v leave_v that_o he_o may_v be_v send_v to_o the_o mission_n of_o the_o east_n indies_n which_o will_v not_o be_v grant_v he_o however_o till_o he_o have_v complete_v his_o study_n of_o rhetoric_n and_o philosophy_n he_o arrive_v at_o goa_n in_o the_o year_n 1634_o where_o he_o be_v immediate_o employ_v to_o teach_v rhetoric_n to_o the_o young_a religious_a of_o the_o house_n two_o year_n afterward_o he_o earnest_o desire_v that_o he_o may_v be_v send_v to_o the_o mission_n of_o japan_n which_o be_v with_o great_a reluctancy_n at_o length_n consent_v to_o by_o his_o superior_n in_o regard_n of_o the_o great_a progress_n which_o their_o scholar_n make_v under_o such_o a_o master_n when_o he_o arrive_v at_o macao_n the_o father_n visitor_n order_v he_o to_o teach_v philosophy_n to_o which_o he_o thereupon_o begin_v to_o settle_v himself_o but_o at_o the_o same_o time_n there_o come_v a_o christian_a mandarin_n who_o discharge_v he_o from_o that_o employment_n and_o indeed_o the_o father_n visitor_n be_v willing_a to_o lay_v hold_n of_o the_o opportunity_n of_o such_o a_o officer_n by_o his_o mean_n to_o get_v the_o liberty_n of_o send_v a_o person_n of_o merit_n into_o china_n to_o assist_v the_o missionary_n there_o for_o at_o that_o time_n there_o be_v no_o person_n in_o the_o whole_a college_n who_o be_v proper_a for_o that_o country_n which_o be_v the_o reason_n that_o f._n magaillans_n observe_v so_o favourable_a a_o conjuncture_n earnest_o beg_v the_o employment_n which_o be_v grant_v he_o as_o soon_o thereupon_o he_o depart_v with_o the_o mandarin_n and_o arrive_v at_o the_o city_n of_o han_n cheu_n the_o metropolis_n of_o the_o province_n of_o vhe_fw-it kiam_fw-la where_o the_o vice_n provincial_a then_o reside_v at_o the_o same_o time_n also_o there_o come_v intelligence_n from_o the_o province_n of_o sum_n chuen_fw-ge that_o father_n lewis_n buglio_n who_o be_v go_v to_o lay_v the_o foundation_n of_o a_o mission_n there_o be_v fall_v sick_a and_o want_v a_o companion_n thereupon_o father_n magaillans_n offer_v himself_o and_o obtain_v leave_v to_o go_v and_o assist_v he_o and_o though_o it_o be_v a_o journey_n of_o above_o four_o month_n from_o ham_n cheu_fw-la to_o the_o capital_a city_n of_o suchuen_n nevertheless_o he_o fortunate_o arrive_v there_o and_o become_v a_o great_a help_n to_o father_n buglio_n and_o than_o it_o be_v that_o he_o apply_v himself_o with_o great_a industry_n to_o the_o study_n of_o the_o chinese_n language_n and_o letter_n which_o he_o learn_v with_o a_o extraordinary_a ease_n two_o year_n after_o there_o happen_v a_o violent_a persecution_n against_o the_o preacher_n of_o the_o gospel_n raise_v by_o the_o bonze_v of_o that_o province_n who_o assemble_v together_o in_o great_a number_n from_o the_o neighbour_a city_n accuse_v the_o father_n of_o rebellion_n in_o all_o the_o tribunal_n of_o that_o metropolis_n the_o chief_a mandarin_n therefore_o of_o the_o tribunal_n of_o crime_n fear_v a_o revolt_n at_o a_o time_n when_o the_o kingdom_n be_v turmoil_v with_o several_a insurrection_n order_v that_o the_o father_n shall_v be_v well_o drub_v and_o then_o expel_v out_o of_o the_o limit_n of_o the_o province_n but_o they_o put_v their_o confidence_n in_o god_n assistance_n and_o the_o protection_n of_o the_o mandarin_n of_o which_o 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discharge_v the_o superior_a of_o the_o bonze_n from_o his_o employment_n which_o put_v all_o the_o rest_n to_o silence_n and_o absolute_o stifle_v that_o uproar_n in_o a_o short_a time_n after_o they_o be_v expose_v to_o a_o persecution_n much_o more_o formidable_a than_o the_o former_a for_o the_o rebel_n cham_fw-mi hien_fw-fr chum_fw-la follow_v by_o a_o numerous_a army_n and_o fill_v all_o place_n where_o he_o come_v with_o fire_n and_o slaughter_n advance_v towards_o the_o capital_a to_o make_v himself_o master_n of_o the_o place_n and_o there_o take_v upon_o he_o the_o title_n of_o emperor_n of_o china_n as_o he_o real_o do_v upon_o this_o a_o great_a number_n of_o people_n flee_v for_o shelter_n to_o the_o mountain_n and_o the_o father_n among_o the_o rest_n with_o a_o resolution_n to_o expect_v the_o issue_n of_o these_o disorder_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n the_o rebel_n take_v the_o capital_a city_n where_o he_o make_v a_o bloody_a havoc_n and_o three_o month_n after_o 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justice_n and_o liberality_n but_o be_v provoke_v by_o several_a insurrection_n in_o several_a part_n he_o resolve_v to_o subdue_v the_o province_n of_o xen_fw-mi si_fw-mi the_o inhabitant_n of_o which_o be_v a_o warlike_a sort_n of_o people_n and_o before_o his_o departure_n so_o to_o secure_v the_o province_n of_o suchuen_n that_o it_o shall_v not_o be_v in_o a_o condition_n to_o revolt_v in_o pursuance_n of_o which_o cruel_a resolution_n he_o put_v to_o death_n a_o infinite_a number_n of_o people_n by_o all_o manner_n of_o torment_n some_o be_v cut_v into_o quarter_n other_o flay_v alive_a other_o be_v cut_v in_o piece_n by_o bit_n and_o other_o be_v mangle_v but_o not_o suffer_v to_o die_v a_o hundred_o and_o forty_o thousand_o soldier_n also_o of_o the_o province_n of_o suchuen_n he_o cause_v to_o be_v massaker_v so_o that_o the_o province_n be_v almost_o depopulate_v thereupon_o the_o father_n observe_v these_o horrid_a butchery_n and_o despair_v to_o make_v any_o far_a progress_n under_o the_o government_n of_o so_o barbarous_a a_o tyrant_n present_v a_o petition_n to_o he_o wherein_o they_o desire_v leave_v to_o retire_v till_o the_o trouble_n that_o harass_v the_o kingdom_n be_v appease_v but_o the_o tyrant_n be_v so_o enrage_v at_o this_o petition_n that_o about_o two_o hour_n after_o he_o send_v for_o the_o domestic_a servant_n belong_v to_o the_o father_n and_o order_v they_o to_o be_v flay_v alive_a accuse_v they_o that_o they_o have_v instill_a those_o thought_n into_o their_o master_n head_n present_o the_o father_n hasten_v to_o save_v their_o life_n and_o tell_v the_o tyrant_n which_o be_v no_o more_o than_o the_o truth_n that_o those_o poor_a people_n have_v not_o the_o least_o knowledge_n of_o their_o design_n however_o after_o some_o discourse_n the_o barbarian_a order_v the_o father_n to_o be_v lay_v hold_n of_o and_o carry_v to_o the_o place_n of_o execution_n and_o there_o to_o be_v cut_v
care_n of_o his_o education_n which_o happen_v according_o that_o this_o child_n become_v a_o man_n of_o a_o extraordinary_a valour_n and_o that_o his_o son_n and_o grand_a child_n rule_v this_o country_n but_o that_o in_o the_o five_o generation_n the_o people_n rebel_v against_o this_o family_n which_o they_o defeat_v and_o exterminate_v all_o but_o one_o who_o betake_v himself_o to_o flight_n this_o prince_n be_v close_o pursue_v and_o not_o be_v able_a to_o run_v any_o far_a sit_v himself_o down_o upon_o the_o ground_n despair_v to_o save_v his_o life_n at_o what_o time_n a_o magpie_n come_v and_o perch_v upon_o his_o head_n and_o delude_v his_o enemy_n who_o take_v he_o for_o the_o stump_n of_o a_o tree_n and_o not_o for_o a_o man._n and_o thus_o it_o be_v easy_a to_o see_v as_o father_n adam_n observe_v that_o thus_o far_o the_o relation_n be_v altogether_o fabulous_a and_o clear_o demonstrate_v that_o the_o original_a of_o the_o emperor_n of_o china_n be_v very_o obscure_a and_o have_v nothing_o of_o illustrious_a or_o renown_a that_o which_o follow_v be_v certain_a and_o unquestionable_a in_o regard_v the_o person_n such_o as_o he_o be_v live_v at_o the_o begin_n of_o this_o age_n and_o make_v himself_o sufficient_o know_v by_o the_o bloody_a war_n which_o he_o make_v upon_o the_o chinese_n in_o revenge_n of_o the_o death_n of_o his_o father_n who_o the_o chinese_n mandarin_n have_v cause_v to_o be_v murder_v and_o of_o other_o outrage_n commit_v against_o his_o nation_n father_n adam_n say_v that_o he_o be_v lord_n of_o the_o valley_n of_o moncheu_o which_o father_n martini_n take_v for_o a_o great_a city_n the_o emperor_n van-liè_a give_v he_o the_o government_n of_o that_o same_o valley_n and_o the_o neighbour_a country_n upon_o condition_n he_o shall_v defend_v they_o against_o the_o incursion_n of_o the_o oriental_a tartar_n who_o be_v divide_v into_o seven_o small_a principality_n he_o be_v call_v tiel_n mini_n and_o die_v in_o the_o year_n 1628._o his_o son_n a_o person_n of_o more_o wisdom_n and_o moderation_n continue_v the_o war_n till_o his_o death_n which_o happen_v in_o the_o year_n 1634._o cumtè_fw-fr his_o son_n in_o some_o measure_n complete_v the_o conquest_n of_o the_o empire_n of_o china_n but_o die_v before_o he_o obtain_v the_o possession_n of_o it_o in_o the_o year_n 1644._o his_o son_n xunchi_fw-la at_o the_o age_n of_o six_o year_n be_v acknowledge_v emperor_n at_o pekim_n and_o die_v in_o the_o year_n 1662._o leave_v for_o his_o successor_n his_o son_n camtri_n the_o monarch_n reign_v at_o present_a this_o catalogue_n of_o the_o tartarian_a prince_n of_o father_n adam_n confirm_v by_o father_n couplet_n in_o his_o chronology_n by_o father_n rouge-mount_n in_o his_o historia_n tartaro-sinica_a and_o the_o embassy_n of_o the_o hollander_n give_v we_o to_o understand_v that_o father_n magaillans_n have_v good_a reason_n to_o justify_v himself_o for_o say_v that_o the_o tartar_n have_v neither_o any_o king_n nor_o any_o word_n to_o signify_v a_o king_n see_v that_o it_o be_v but_o in_o this_o age_n that_o their_o prince_n have_v derive_v their_o original_a from_o a_o petty_a captain_n of_o a_o hord_n or_o chief_a leader_n of_o banditi_n or_o wander_a tartar_n here_o we_o be_v far_a to_o observe_v that_o tartary_n which_o comprehend_v all_o the_o northern_a asia_n be_v divide_v by_o the_o chinese_n into_o western_a and_o eastern_a the_o inhabitant_n both_o of_o the_o one_o and_o the_o other_o be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n night-wanderer_n with_o their_o flock_n and_o herd_n and_o live_v in_o tent_n but_o the_o western_a be_v incomparable_o more_o potent_a than_o the_o eastern_a in_o regard_n they_o possess_v all_o that_o country_n which_o lie_v between_o the_o extreme_a part_n of_o the_o province_n of_o pekim_n and_o the_o country_n of_o the_o mogul_n the_o persian_a and_o the_o muscovite_n all_o which_o they_o possess_v entire_o in_o the_o reign_n of_o saint_n lewis_n the_o eastern_a tartary_n reach_v from_o the_o country_n of_o leaotûm_fw-la beyond_o japon_n and_o comprehend_v the_o province_n of_o niuchè_fw-fr to_o the_o north_n of_o corea_n the_o province_n of_o niulhan_n to_o the_o north_n of_o niuchè_fw-fr that_o of_o yupi_n to_o the_o east_n of_o niuchè_fw-fr and_o the_o country_n of_o yâ—…co_n to_o the_o north-east_n of_o japon_n and_o to_o the_o east_n of_o yupi_n but_o these_o country_n be_v poor_a and_o ill_o people_v there_o be_v not_o above_o two_o or_o three_o little_a city_n in_o they_o all_o the_o rest_n be_v barren_a uncultivated_a and_o full_a of_o wood_n and_o mountain_n verbiest_n nevertheless_o these_o tartar_n be_v not_o a_o little_a formidable_a when_o they_o be_v unite_v as_o be_v harden_v to_o labour_n in_o a_o rigorous_a climate_n and_o almost_o always_o ahorleback_n and_o employ_v in_o hunt_v or_o busy_v in_o war._n they_o make_v themselves_o know_v by_o their_o incursion_n into_o china_n above_o two_o hundred_o year_n before_o the_o birth_n of_o christ_n and_o in_o the_o twelve_o age_n after_o the_o incarnation_n they_o possess_v themselves_o of_o the_o province_n of_o leaotum_n pekim_n xensi_fw-la xansi_fw-la and_o xantum_fw-la but_o the_o ancestor_n of_o the_o tartarian_a prince_n who_o reign_v in_o china_n be_v so_o far_o from_o be_v master_n of_o all_o the_o eastern_a tartary_n that_o they_o be_v not_o lord_n of_o all_o the_o province_n of_o niuchè_fw-fr where_o as_o have_v be_v say_v there_o be_v seven_o or_o eight_o destinct_a sovereign_n and_o father_n adam_n observe_v that_o tienâ—…um_n great_a grand_a father_n to_o the_o emperor_n reign_v at_o present_a when_o he_o enter_v into_o china_n have_v not_o above_o eight_o thousand_o man_n which_o be_v soon_o increase_v by_o the_o concourse_n of_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o eastern_a tartar_n and_o a_o innumerable_a number_n of_o the_o western_a tartar_n which_o the_o fame_n of_o his_o victory_n and_o the_o noise_n of_o prodigious_a booty_n draw_v to_o his_o assistance_n p._n 3._o the_o kingdom_n of_o chahamalaha_n who_o inhabitant_n be_v mahometan_n and_o which_o border_n upon_o the_o province_n of_o xensi_fw-la this_o name_n of_o chahamalaha_n be_v not_o to_o be_v find_v as_o i_o very_o believe_v in_o any_o map_n nor_o in_o any_o other_o relation_n but_o i_o be_o persuade_v by_o what_o our_o author_n say_v of_o it_o that_o it_o be_v the_o same_o place_n which_o father_n martini_n call_v samahania_n and_o which_o as_o he_o do_v i_o take_v to_o be_v the_o country_n of_o the_o usbeg_n or_o of_o mauralnara_n of_o which_o samarcand_n be_v the_o chief_a city_n for_o that_o we_o know_v not_o of_o any_o other_o kingdom_n of_o mahometan_n to_o the_o west_n of_o xensi_fw-la where_o there_o be_v several_a considerable_a city_n palace_n and_o house_n artificial_o build_v and_o good_a architecture_n store_n of_o gold_n and_o silver-plate_n and_o other_o thing_n which_o the_o chineses_n allow_v the_o country_n of_o samahania_n or_o samahan_n by_o the_o report_n of_o father_n martini_n nor_o must_v we_o be_v surprise_v that_o the_o chineses_n assure_v we_o that_o this_o kingdom_n border_n upon_o the_o province_n of_o xensi_fw-la for_o that_o they_o never_o travel_v towards_o the_o west_n nor_o have_v any_o other_o knowledge_n of_o the_o country_n situate_v westward_o than_o what_o they_o learn_v from_o the_o information_n of_o the_o caravan_n that_o come_v once_o in_o two_o or_o three_o year_n to_o trade_n in_o china_n under_o pretence_n of_o a_o embassy_n for_o the_o merchant_n make_v use_v of_o that_o invention_n to_o get_v leave_n to_o enter_v into_o china_n which_o will_v be_v otherwise_o deny_v they_o they_o rendezvous_n in_o the_o kingdom_n of_o cascar_n as_o you_o may_v find_v in_o the_o travel_n of_o benedict_n goez_n insert_v into_o the_o relation_n of_o father_n trigaut_n but_o former_o and_o especial_o in_o the_o time_n of_o tamerlan_n who_o make_v samarcand_n one_o of_o the_o chief_a city_n in_o the_o world_n they_o go_v for_o the_o most_o part_n from_o that_o city_n and_o it_o be_v very_o probable_a that_o those_o merchant_n to_o give_v themselves_o the_o great_a reputation_n assume_v to_o themselves_o to_o be_v all_o of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o samarcand_n and_o that_o the_o chinese_n who_o want_v the_o letter_n r_o and_o easy_o confound_v c._n with_o h_n write_v samahand_o instead_o of_o samarcand_n for_o the_o same_o reason_n also_o the_o chineses_n observe_v the_o merchant_n arrive_v à _fw-la sucheu_fw-la the_o last_o city_n of_o the_o province_n of_o xensi_fw-la and_o style_v themselves_o all_o native_n of_o samahan_n or_o samarcand_n may_v ready_o believe_v that_o samahan_n border_v upon_o the_o province_n of_o xensi_fw-la p._n 3._o usanguè_fw-fr this_o must_v certain_o be_v the_o same_o country_n which_o father_n martini_n call_v usucang_v and_o which_o be_v contain_v within_o the_o kingdom_n which_o the_o chineses_n call_v sifan_n situate_v to_o the_o west_n of_o the_o province_n
of_o suchuen_n the_o relation_n of_o father_n anthony_n de_fw-fr andrada_n call_v it_o also_o the_o country_n of_o ussanguè_fw-fr and_o say_v that_o it_o be_v situate_v to_o the_o east_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o tibet_n twenty_o day_n journey_n from_o china_n p._n 3._o father_n antony_n de_fw-fr andrada_n etc._n etc._n father_n anthony_n de_fw-fr andrada_n travel_v twice_o into_o the_o kingdom_n of_o tibet_n the_o relation_n of_o his_o second_o travel_n in_o the_o year_n 1624._o with_o father_n concalo_fw-la de_fw-fr sousa_n which_o be_v print_v at_o lisbon_n in_o the_o year_n 1628._o speak_v very_o clear_o of_o china_n for_o there_o we_o find_v that_o it_o be_v not_o above_o twenty_o day_n journey_n from_o the_o kingdom_n of_o ussanguè_fw-fr or_o ussang_n and_o that_o ussang_n be_v not_o above_o forty_o day_n journey_n from_o the_o city_n of_o caparange_n where_o the_o king_n of_o tibet_n keep_v his_o court_n and_o where_o those_o father_n arrive_v from_o agra_n in_o less_o than_o two_o month_n and_o a_o half_a pass_v through_o sirinagar_n as_o for_o catai_n in_o regard_n the_o people_n of_o tibet_n be_v very_o ignorant_a they_o speak_v of_o it_o very_o confuse_o to_o father_n andrada_n to_o who_o they_o assert_v that_o catai_n be_v a_o great_a city_n by_o the_o way_n we_o may_v observe_v that_o by_o that_o relation_n and_o by_o the_o atlas_n of_o father_n martini_n who_o in_o his_o history_n of_o the_o war_n of_o the_o tartar_n tell_v we_o also_o that_o the_o province_n of_o suchuen_n border_n upon_o the_o kingdom_n of_o tibet_n that_o the_o kingdom_n of_o tibet_n be_v situate_v to_o the_o east_n of_o the_o country_n of_o the_o great_a mogul_n and_o not_o to_o the_o north_n where_o the_o most_o part_n of_o our_o map_n place_v it_o so_o much_o the_o rather_o for_o that_o father_n benedict_n goez_n in_o his_o travel_n which_o he_o make_v always_o to_o the_o north_n of_o the_o empire_n of_o the_o great_a mogul_n from_o the_o country_n of_o the_o usbeg_n travel_v continual_o eastward_o as_o far_o as_o china_n p._n 5._o the_o tartarian_a alphabet_n which_o we_o shall_v give_v you_o in_o due_a place_n father_n magaillans_n not_o be_v able_a to_o perfect_v his_o work_n have_v not_o give_v we_o this_o tartarian_a alphabet_n but_o it_o be_v to_o be_v find_v in_o the_o grammar_n make_v by_o father_n ferdinand_n de_fw-fr verbiest_n which_o will_v sudden_o be_v print_v at_o paris_n p._n 6._o mangi_n or_o mantzu_n barbarian_n father_n nicholas_n longobardo_n in_o his_o letter_n write_v from_o china_n 1598._o and_o print_v in_o latin_a at_o mayence_n in_o 1601._o tell_v we_o that_o the_o chineses_n call_v those_o of_o the_o province_n of_o quamtum_fw-la mangi_n that_o be_v to_o say_v barbarian_n manginos_n that_o be_v barbarous_a people_n which_o confirm_v the_o opinion_n of_o father_n magaillans_n p._n 10._o stone-coal_n and_o stove_n of_o china_n almost_o all_o author_n that_o speak_v of_o china_n agree_v that_o in_o the_o northern_a province_n the_o cold_a be_v much_o more_z intense_a than_o it_o ought_v to_o be_v consider_v the_o climate_n and_o situation_n under_o the_o forty_o or_o forty_o second_o degree_n they_o also_o speak_v of_o the_o stove_n which_o be_v very_o common_a and_o build_v all_o alike_o in_o all_o those_o northern_a province_n see_v the_o relation_n of_o father_n trigant_n l._n 4._o c_o 3_o father_n semedo_n part_n 1._o c._n 3._o and_o father_n martini_n atlas_n in_o his_o description_n of_o the_o province_n of_o xansi_fw-la and_o pekim_v where_o he_o say_v that_o the_o two_o mountain_n out_o of_o which_o they_o dig_v their_o coal_n be_v very_o near_o to_o the_o city_n of_o pimko_n and_o be_v call_v kie_fw-mi and_o siu_n vu_fw-fr p._n 12._o that_o which_o cause_v m._n polo_n to_o commit_v these_o mistake_v be_v this_o that_o three_o league_n etc._n etc._n father_n martini_n in_o the_o description_n of_o the_o province_n of_o pekim_n confirm_v this_o conjecture_n in_o these_o word_n the_o river_n lu._n keu_o which_o be_v also_o call_v sangean_o pass_v to_o the_o south-west_n of_o the_o royal_a city_n you_o cross_v over_o a_o stately_a bridge_n where_o a_o man_n may_v count_v several_a arch_n of_o stone_n it_o be_v plain_a that_o he_o speak_v of_o the_o river_n that_o run_v to_o the_o west_n of_o pekim_n and_o the_o bridge_n build_v over_o it_o and_o that_o this_o be_v that_o of_o which_o m._n polo_n make_v mention_v for_o that_o there_o be_v no_o great_a difference_n between_o the_o name_n of_o sangean_n which_o father_n martini_n give_v it_o and_o that_o of_o sangean_n or_o buli_n sangan_n as_o m._n polo_n call_v it_o father_n greslon_n in_o his_o history_n of_o china_n l._n 3._o c._n 8._o speak_v of_o a_o eastern_a bridge_n in_o these_o word_n in_o the_o province_n of_o pekim_n there_o be_v a_o bridge_n of_o a_o admirable_a structure_n above_o three_o hundred_o pace_n in_o length_n of_o which_o two_o arch_n be_v break_v and_o father_n magaillans_n tell_v the_o true_a reason_n of_o the_o fall_n of_o those_o two_o arch_n the_o nine_o of_o august_n 1668._o to_o which_o father_n greslon_n add_v that_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o bridge_n fall_v the_o 26._o of_o the_o month_n of_o aug._n the_o same_o year_n he_o say_v moreover_o that_o it_o be_v call_v lo-co-kaio_a that_o it_o have_v be_v build_v a_o thousand_o year_n and_o that_o it_o be_v not_o above_o six_o league_n from_o pekim_n the_o father_n rouge-mount_n and_o intorcetta_n in_o their_o relation_n confirm_v the_o fall_n of_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o bridge_n the_o 26_o of_o august_n 1668._o three_o thousand_o year_n after_o it_o be_v first_o lay_v and_o the_o first_o of_o those_o father_n tell_v we_o that_o the_o same_o bridge_n be_v three_o hundred_o and_o sixty_o pace_n in_o length_n p._n 15._o these_o reason_n of_o father_n magaillans_n be_v so_o much_o the_o strong_a because_o his_o opinion_n be_v conformable_a to_o the_o practice_n of_o all_o those_o that_o have_v write_v concern_v china_n both_o before_o and_o after_o he_o as_o father_n adam_n a_o german_a father_n greslon_n a_o frenchman_n father_n semedo_n a_o italian_a father_n rouge-mount_n a_o fleming_n etc._n etc._n and_o for_o that_o father_n martini_n have_v not_o be_v follow_v by_o any_o but_o by_o the_o author_n of_o the_o embassy_n who_o have_v either_o copy_v or_o borrow_v from_o father_n martini_n all_o that_o he_o speak_v concern_v china_n except_o the_o gest_n of_o the_o ambassador_n from_o camtum_fw-la to_o pekim_n and_o their_o negotiation_n so_o that_o it_o be_v no_o wonder_n the_o one_o have_v imitate_v the_o other_o in_o his_o orthography_n father_n greslon_n also_o in_o the_o preface_n to_o his_o relation_n prove_v against_o father_n martini_n that_o the_o chinese_n word_n ought_v to_o be_v pronounce_v as_o our_o author_n tell_v we_o p._n 16._o we_o can_v add_v several_a other_o reason_n to_o prove_v that_o catai_n be_v no_o other_o than_o china_n deduce_v from_o the_o silk_n many_o fruit_n plant_n and_o animal_n which_o according_a to_o m._n polo_n breed_v and_o grow_v in_o china_n and_o be_v not_o to_o be_v find_v in_o any_o part_n of_o tartary_n but_o this_o have_v be_v so_o often_o bandy_v about_o for_o these_o hundred_o year_n and_o all_o author_n who_o have_v write_v upon_o this_o subject_a have_v prove_v it_o by_o so_o many_o different_a argument_n beside_o what_o our_o author_n allege_v that_o it_o will_v be_v but_o time_n ill_o spend_v to_o labour_v any_o more_o about_o it_o beside_o that_o there_o be_v no_o person_n now_o that_o question_n or_o can_v doubt_v of_o it_o unless_o he_o will_v be_v wilful_o blind_a i_o shall_v only_o observe_v that_o the_o reason_n why_o man_n may_v former_o be_v delude_v be_v this_o because_o that_o when_o the_o western_a tartar_n undertake_v the_o conquest_n of_o china_n there_o be_v two_o emperor_n the_o one_o be_v the_o real_a chinese_n emperor_n of_o the_o family_n sum_n who_o possess_v the_o twelve_o southern_a province_n the_o other_o be_v the_o king_n of_o the_o eastern_a tartar_n of_o the_o family_n tai-kin_n who_o possess_v the_o three_o northern_a province_n the_o country_n of_o leaotum_n and_o the_o eastern_a tartary_n these_o two_o emperor_n be_v vanquish_v one_o after_o the_o other_o and_o their_o kingdom_n subdue_v between_o the_o year_n 1225._o and_o 1280._o this_o be_v grant_v it_o may_v be_v ready_o apprehend_v how_o easy_a it_o be_v for_o the_o oriental_a author_n and_o such_o as_o have_v hear_v talk_n of_o those_o conquest_n to_o believe_v that_o the_o real_a emperor_n of_o china_n be_v master_n of_o all_o china_n as_o now_o we_o know_v it_o and_o that_o the_o other_o emperor_n of_o the_o family_n tai-kin_n who_o empire_n be_v more_o northerly_a live_v in_o tartary_n to_o the_o north_n of_o the_o great_a wall_n where_o for_o that_o reason_n our_o ancient_a geographer_n have_v place_v
cambalu_n and_o many_o other_o city_n and_o country_n chap._n ii_o of_o the_o extent_n and_o division_n of_o china_n of_o the_o number_n of_o the_o city_n and_o other_o wall_a town_n and_o some_o other_o particular_n observe_v by_o the_o chinese_n author_n it_o be_v now_o eighteen_o year_n since_o father_n francis_n fierrado_n vice-provincial_a of_o china_n and_o afterward_o visitor_n of_o japan_n and_o china_n order_v i_o to_o write_v the_o history_n of_o this_o empire_n and_o the_o progress_n of_o the_o gospel_n there_o first_o begin_v to_o be_v preach_v now_o fourscore_o and_o thirteen_o year_n ago_o but_o the_o employment_n of_o the_o mission_n and_o the_o persecution_n we_o have_v undergo_v have_v hinder_v i_o from_o go_v on_o with_o it_o the_o father_n nicholas_n trigaut_n a_o fleming_n alvero_n semedo_n a_o portugese_n martini_n native_a of_o trent_n antony_n govea_n and_o ignatius_n de_fw-fr costa_n in_o their_o yearly_a relation_n have_v treat_v very_o large_o upon_o this_o subject_a but_o the_o beauty_n the_o grandeur_n and_o the_o antiquity_n of_o this_o empire_n be_v such_o copious_a subject_n that_o though_o there_o have_v be_v much_o already_o write_v concern_v they_o yet_o there_o remain_v much_o more_o to_o be_v say_v wherefore_o i_o think_v it_o my_o duty_n to_o set_v down_o in_o this_o place_n the_o chief_a observation_n which_o i_o have_v collect_v together_o china_n be_v seat_v almost_o at_o the_o utmost_a extremity_n of_o asia_n towards_o the_o east_n it_o lie_v under_o twenty_o three_o degree_n from_o north_n to_o south_n from_o the_o fortress_n of_o caiazzo_n pim_n place_v upon_o the_o frontier_n of_o the_o province_n of_o pekim_n in_o forty_o one_o degree_n of_o latitude_n to_o the_o meridional_a point_n of_o the_o island_n of_o hai_o nan_n in_o eighteen_o degree_n of_o elevation_n and_o a_o to_o the_o south_n of_o the_o province_n of_o quamtum_fw-la so_o that_o the_o length_n of_o china_n from_o north_n to_o south_n according_a to_o the_o chinese_n book_n be_v five_o thousand_o seven_o hundred_o and_o fifty_o li_n or_o furlong_n which_o make_v 402½_n spanish_n or_o portugal_n league_n at_o 17½_n to_o a_o degree_n 575_o french_a league_n at_o 25._o to_o a_o degree_n â—…45_n german_n at_o 15._o to_o a_o degree_n 1380_o italian_a mile_n at_o 60._o to_o a_o degree_n 5750_o li_n or_o chinese_n furlong_n at_o 250._o to_o a_o degree_n from_o the_o point_n of_o nîm_n pô_o a_o seaport_n town_n in_o the_o province_n of_o chekiam_a where_o the_o portugal_n be_v former_o wont_n to_o trade_n and_o which_o ferdinand_n mendez_n call_v leam_fw-la po_n to_o the_o extremity_n of_o the_o province_n of_o suchuen_n in_o a_o straight_a line_n from_o east_n to_o west_n it_o be_v account_v 297_o spanish_n and_o portugal_n league_n 426_o french_a league_n 255_o german_a mile_n 1020_o italian_a mile_n 4080_o chinese_n furlong_n at_o 240_o to_o a_o degree_n but_o if_o you_o will_v have_v the_o length_n of_o china_n where_o it_o be_v long_a you_o must_v take_v it_o from_o the_o last_o place_n to_o the_o northwest_n of_o the_o province_n of_o leaotum_n call_v caiyven_v to_o the_o last_o city_n of_o the_o province_n of_o yunnan_n call_v cin_n tien_n kiun_n min_fw-mi fu._n take_v it_o thus_o and_o then_o the_o long_a length_n of_o this_o empire_n will_v bâ—…_n 525_o spanish_a league_n 750_o french_a league_n 1800_o italian_a mile_n 8400_o chinese_n furlong_n at_o four_o and_o a_o half_a to_o a_o mile_n of_o italy_n the_o true_a breadth_n of_o china_n to_o take_v it_o from_o tamburlaine_n chan_n the_o most_o easterly_a place_n of_o the_o country_n of_o leao_n tum_fw-la and_o which_o join_v to_o the_o kingdom_n of_o corea_n to_o the_o place_n call_v tum_o tim_o to_o the_o west_n of_o the_o province_n of_o xensi_fw-la be_v 350_o spanish_a league_n 500_o french_a league_n 300_o german_a mile_n 1200_o italian_a mile_n 5400_o chinese_n furlong_n there_o be_v fifteen_o province_n in_o this_o empire_n which_o for_o their_o largeness_n their_o riches_n and_o fertility_n may_v well_o be_v call_v kingdom_n which_o the_o chineses_n rank_n in_o this_o order_n according_a to_o their_o antiquity_n and_o precedency_n pe_fw-la kim_n nan_n kim_v now_o call_v kiamm_n nân_n xansi_fw-fr xantum_fw-la hô_o nân_n xénsi_fw-fr vhe_fw-it kiam_fw-la kiam_fw-la si_fw-la hù_fw-fr quam_fw-la su_n chuen_fw-ge foe_n kien_n quám_fw-la tumm_n quam_fw-la si_fw-la yunnan_n quei_z cheum_fw-la the_o country_n of_o leao_n tum_fw-la might_n also_o well_o deserve_v the_o name_n of_o a_o province_n by_o reason_n of_o its_o extent_n but_o the_o chineses_n include_v it_o within_o the_o province_n of_o xan_n tum_fw-la the_o province_n that_o lie_v upon_o the_o sea_n be_v pe_n kim_v xan_n tum_fw-la nan_n kim_v vhe_fw-it kiam_fw-la foe_n kien_n and_o quam_fw-la tum_fw-la those_o that_o border_n upon_o foreign_a kingdom_n be_v pekim_v xansi_fw-la xensi_fw-la su_n chuen_fw-ge yunnan_n quamsi_n the_o midland_n province_n be_v honan_n hu_o quam_fw-la kiamsi_fw-la quci_fw-la cheu_fw-la by_o which_o it_o appear_v that_o cluverius_n trust_v too_o unwary_o to_o false_a relation_n when_o he_o reckon_v up_o eighteen_o province_n in_o china_n and_o among_o the_o rest_n the_o kingdom_n of_o cochinchina_n for_o though_o that_o kingdom_n and_o that_o of_o tum_o kim_n be_v former_o subject_a to_o china_n it_o be_v but_o for_o a_o very_a few_o year_n and_o it_o be_v a_o long_a time_n ago_o since_o they_o throw_v off_o that_o subjection_n there_o be_v several_a island_n also_o belong_v to_o china_n as_o the_o great_a and_o little_a lieu_fw-fr kieu_fw-fr tai_n van_n which_o the_o portuguese_n call_v formosa_fw-la where_o the_o hollander_n have_v a_o fortress_n which_o be_v wrest_v out_o of_o their_o hand_n by_o a_o chinese_n pirate_n some_o year_n since_o and_o where_o they_o lose_v a_o great_a number_n of_o man_n and_o great_a gun_n and_o a_o great_a quantity_n of_o good_n hai_o nan_n and_o hiam_fw-la xan_n where_o stand_v the_o city_n of_o amagao_n or_o macao_n upon_o the_o southern_a promontory_n of_o that_o island_n and_o a_o great_a number_n of_o other_o some_o inhabit_a other_o quite_o desert_n the_o kingdom_n of_o corea_n be_v not_o a_o island_n adjoin_v to_o china_n as_o cluverius_n believe_v but_o a_o great_a promontory_n of_o the_o firm_a land_n extend_v itself_o from_o the_o north_n to_o the_o south_n neither_o be_v xam_n haì_n a_o island_n as_o martini_n write_v in_o his_o atlas_n and_o mark_n it_o in_o his_o map_n but_o a_o fortress_n so_o vast_a and_o so_o well_o fortify_v by_o art_n and_o nature_n that_o it_o may_v compare_v with_o the_o best_a in_o europe_n it_o stand_v upon_o the_o firm_a land_n near_o the_o sea_n between_o the_o province_n of_o pe_n kim_n and_o the_o country_n of_o leao_n tum_fw-la the_o place_n wall_v in_o through_o the_o whole_a extent_n of_o this_o empire_n amount_v to_o the_o number_n of_o four_o thousand_o four_o hundred_o and_o two_o and_o be_v divide_v into_o two_o order_n the_o civil_a and_o military_a the_o civil_a order_n comprehend_v two_o thousand_o forty_o five_o wall_v town_n that_o be_v to_o say_v one_o hundred_o seventy_o five_o city_n of_o the_o first_o rank_n which_o the_o chineses_n call_v furio_n two_o hundred_o seventy_o four_o of_o the_o second_o order_n which_o they_o call_v cheum_fw-la one_o thousand_o two_o hundred_o eighty_o and_o eight_o city_n which_o they_o call_v hièn_fw-fr two_o hundred_o and_o five_o royal_a hostery_n or_o place_n of_o entertainment_n call_v you_o and_o a_o hundred_o and_o three_o court_n of_o guard_n or_o royal_a hostery_n of_o the_o second_o rank_n which_o they_o call_v cham_n chin._n among_o the_o city_n and_o town_n of_o this_o empire_n i_o reckon_v several_a seat_v in_o the_o province_n of_o yun_n nan_n quei_z cheum_fw-la quam_fw-la si_fw-la and_o sum_n chuen_fw-ge which_o however_o pay_v no_o tribute_n to_o the_o emperor_n nor_o yield_v he_o any_o obedience_n but_o be_v govern_v by_o particular_a and_o absolute_a prince_n these_o town_n be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n so_o environ_v with_o high_a mountain_n and_o steep_a rock_n as_o if_o nature_n have_v take_v a_o particular_a care_n of_o their_o fortification_n within_o which_o mountain_n lie_v field_n and_o plain_n for_o several_a day_n journey_n where_o be_v to_o be_v see_v city_n both_o of_o the_o first_o and_o second_o rank_n together_o with_o many_o town_n and_o village_n the_o chineses_n call_v these_o lord_n tù_fw-fr sù_n or_o tù_fw-fr quon_n that_o be_v to_o say_v mandarin_n of_o the_o country_n for_o that_o as_o they_o believe_v there_o be_v no_o emperor_n of_o the_o world_n but_o the_o emperor_n of_o china_n so_o they_o be_v conceit_v that_o there_o be_v no_o other_o prince_n or_o lord_n but_o such_o as_o they_o to_o who_o the_o emperor_n give_v that_o title_n nor_o do_v they_o give_v the_o title_n of_o mandarin_n of_o the_o land_n or_o country_n to_o those_o but_o to_o distinguish_v
passion_n keep_v it_o bind_v and_o chain_v it_o come_v to_o be_v obscure_v and_o trouble_v for_o this_o reason_n it_o be_v necessary_a that_o man_n shall_v apply_v themselves_o to_o learning_n and_o information_n by_o put_v of_o question_n to_o the_o end_n the_o rational_a heart_n may_v be_v deliver_v from_o its_o bondage_n and_o slavery_n that_o so_o it_o may_v be_v able_a to_o break_v the_o chain_n and_o fetter_n of_o the_o passion_n and_o return_v to_o its_o primitive_a beauty_n light_n and_o understanding_n in_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o a_o tarnished_a mirror_n be_v polish_a recover_v its_o former_a luster_n the_o second_o consist_v in_o reform_v the_o people_n for_o example_n i_o who_o be_o a_o king_n a_o magistrate_n a_o father_n of_o a_o family_n etc._n etc._n if_o i_o have_v already_o purify_v my_o rational_a nature_n it_o be_v my_o duty_n to_o extend_v it_o to_o that_o degree_n that_o she_o may_v be_v able_a to_o communicate_v herself_o to_o other_o man_n by_o cause_v they_o to_o abandon_v the_o corruption_n and_o defilement_n of_o vice_n and_o evil_a custom_n and_o i_o ought_v to_o deal_v so_o by_o my_o people_n as_o i_o do_v with_o garment_n when_o they_o be_v spot_v or_o besmear_v for_o if_o they_o be_v well_o wash_v and_o scour_v they_o become_v clean_a and_o handsome_a as_o they_o be_v before_o the_o three_o consist_v in_o attain_v and_o stop_v at_o the_o sovereign_n good._n this_o sovereign_a good_a be_v the_o sovereign_a accord_n of_o thing_n and_o of_o reason_n when_o great_a man_n enlighten_v their_o intelligent_a nature_n and_o renew_v the_o virtue_n of_o the_o people_n they_o do_v it_o not_o by_o haphazard_n or_o without_o design_n but_o all_o their_o end_n be_v to_o bring_v their_o virtue_n to_o perfection_n to_o the_o end_n there_o may_v not_o be_v one_o single_a person_n among_o the_o people_n who_o virtue_n be_v not_o renew_v or_o who_o be_v not_o renew_v by_o virtue_n when_o they_o be_v arrive_v at_o a_o degree_n so_o sublime_a and_o to_o such_o a_o extraordinary_a excellency_n they_o may_v be_v assure_v they_o have_v attain_v the_o sovereign_n good_a like_o those_o who_o after_o a_o long_a and_o tiresome_a journey_n at_o length_n come_v to_o their_o own_o home_n may_v say_v they_o have_v attain_v the_o final_a end_n of_o their_o travel_n these_o be_v the_o three_o most_o necessary_a and_o principal_a thing_n in_o that_o book_n and_o as_o it_o be_v the_o mantle_n or_o outward_a garment_n that_o cover_v the_o clothes_n or_o as_o the_o string_n that_o hold_v a_o row_n of_o bead_n together_o these_o be_v the_o expression_n of_o the_o chinese_n commentator_n here_o by_o the_o way_n we_o may_v observe_v that_o possible_o there_o can_v be_v nothing_o more_o proper_a than_o these_o word_n of_o cum_fw-la fu_fw-la cius_fw-la to_o explain_v the_o function_n of_o a_o minister_n of_o the_o gospel_n who_o be_v oblige_v in_o the_o first_o place_n to_o perfect_v himself_o and_o next_o his_o neighbour_n to_o the_o end_n we_o may_v arrive_v at_o the_o sovereign_n good_a which_o be_v god_n the_o supreme_a and_o utmost_a end_n of_o all_o thing_n nevertheless_o the_o chineses_n be_v pagan_n and_o carnal_o mind_a people_n have_v accommodate_v these_o three_o point_n to_o the_o government_n of_o the_o kingdom_n wherein_o like_a politician_n they_o place_v all_o their_o happiness_n and_o ultimate_a end._n in_o the_o second_o place_n we_o be_v to_o observe_v that_o the_o ancient_a chineses_n do_v understand_v there_o be_v a_o god._n and_o therefore_o when_o i_o oppose_v their_o learned_a man_n in_o dispute_n i_o frequent_o make_v use_v of_o this_o dilemma_n either_o cum_fw-la fu_fw-la cius_fw-la do_v understand_v what_o he_o design_v or_o he_o do_v not_o if_o he_o do_v understand_v what_o he_o define_v he_o know_v there_o be_v a_o god_n who_o be_v no_o other_o than_o that_o sovereign_n good_a of_o which_o he_o speak_v and_o which_o you_o also_o aught_o to_o know_v and_o adore_v as_o well_o as_o he_o if_o he_o do_v not_o understand_v that_o what_o he_o define_v be_v god_n himself_o he_o be_v very_o ignorant_a since_o as_o you_o yourselves_o confess_v the_o syllable_n chi_fw-mi and_o xen_fw-mi signify_v that_o sovereign_n good_a which_o contain_v and_o comprehend_v all_o other_o which_o be_v a_o attribute_n that_o can_v be_v give_v to_o any_o creature_n what_o advantage_n soever_o he_o may_v have_v but_o only_o to_o god_n alone_o some_o there_o be_v who_o be_v touch_v with_o heavenly_a grace_n submit_v to_o the_o truth_n other_o not_o know_v what_o to_o answer_v and_o unwilling_a to_o acknowledge_v that_o cum_fw-la fu_fw-la cius_fw-la be_v ignorant_a rather_o choose_v to_o abide_v in_o their_o error_n and_o to_o follow_v their_o pride_n and_o passion_n and_o cry_v they_o will_v come_v again_o another_o time_n note_n upon_o the_o four_o chapter_n i_o shall_v add_v nothing_o far_o to_o what_o our_o author_n have_v say_v concern_v the_o chinese_n language_n the_o nature_n and_o genius_n of_o which_o he_o have_v sufficient_o set_v forth_o and_o as_o for_o those_o who_o desire_v to_o see_v more_o they_o may_v consult_v the_o six_o chapter_n of_o the_o relation_n of_o f._n semedo_n who_o full_o confirm_v what_o here_o f._n magaillans_n avouch_v i_o must_v only_o observe_v this_o by_o the_o way_n that_o he_o give_v we_o in_o this_o place_n a_o idea_n of_o the_o chinese_n language_n far_o different_a from_o what_o he_o give_v we_o former_o chap._n v._o of_o the_o wit_n of_o the_o chinese_n and_o their_o principal_a book_n one_o of_o the_o ancient_n have_v tell_v we_o that_o aâ—…ia_n be_v very_o fertile_a in_o great_a wiâ—…s_n but_o he_o will_v have_v be_v more_o strong_o confirm_v in_o his_o opinion_n have_v he_o have_v any_o knowledge_n of_o china_n for_o if_o they_o who_o best_o invent_v most_o sudden_o and_o easy_o may_v be_v say_v to_o have_v more_o subtle_a and_o better_a wit_n than_o other_o the_o chineses_n ought_v to_o be_v prefer_v before_o other_o nation_n since_o they_o be_v the_o first_o that_o invent_v letter_n paper_n printing_n ponder_n fine_a porcelaine_n aâ—…d_v their_o own_o character_n though_o they_o be_v ignorant_a of_o many_o science_n for_o want_v of_o communication_n with_o other_o people_n nevertheless_o they_o be_v accomplish_v in_o moral_a philosophy_n to_o which_o they_o sole_o bend_v their_o study_n for_o the_o most_o part_n their_o wit_n be_v so_o quick_a and_o apprehensive_a that_o they_o understand_v with_o ease_n when_o they_o read_v the_o book_n which_o the_o father_n of_o our_o society_n have_v write_v the_o most_o subtle_a and_o difficult_a question_n as_o well_o in_o mathematics_n and_o philosophy_n as_o in_o theology_n perhaps_o there_o may_v be_v some_o who_o will_v not_o so_o ready_o believe_v what_o i_o assert_v but_o i_o can_v assure_v they_o there_o be_v nothing_o more_o certain_a in_o regard_n that_o i_o have_v know_v some_o learned_a christian_n and_o infidel_n also_o who_o understand_v without_o any_o instruction_n as_o we_o can_v find_v by_o their_o discourse_n the_o question_n concern_v god_n and_o the_o trinity_n which_o they_o have_v read_v in_o the_o first_o part_n of_o saint_n thomas_n translate_v by_o father_n buglio_n what_o kingdom_n be_v there_o whatever_o the_o number_n of_o the_o university_n be_v which_o it_o contain_v where_o there_o be_v above_o ten_o thousand_o licentiate_n as_o in_o china_n of_o which_o six_o or_o seven_o thousand_o meet_v every_o three_o year_n at_o pe_n kim_v where_o after_o several_a examination_n there_o be_v admit_v three_o hundred_o sixty_o five_o to_o the_o degree_n of_o doctor_n i_o do_v not_o believe_v there_o be_v any_o kingdom_n where_o there_o be_v so_o many_o scholar_n as_o there_o be_v bachelor_n of_o art_n in_o china_n which_o be_v say_v to_o be_v above_o fourscore_o and_o ten_o thousand_o nor_o that_o there_o be_v any_o other_o country_n where_o the_o knowledge_n of_o letter_n be_v so_o universal_a and_o so_o common_a in_o regard_n that_o in_o all_o the_o province_n more_o especial_o the_o southern_a there_o be_v not_o any_o man_n poor_a or_o rich_a citizen_n or_o husbandman_n that_o can_v both_o write_v and_o read._n and_o in_o short_a i_o do_v not_o believe_v there_o be_v any_o region_n unless_o it_o be_v 〈◊〉_d that_o have_v publish_v so_o many_o book_n as_o the_o chineses_n have_v do_v the_o chronicle_n of_o the_o chineses_n be_v almost_o as_o ancient_a as_o the_o deluge_n as_o begin_v not_o above_o two_o hundred_o year_n after_o it_o and_o be_v continue_v to_o this_o present_a time_n by_o several_a author_n by_o which_o a_o man_n may_v guess_v at_o the_o number_n of_o volume_n which_o their_o history_n contain_v they_o have_v several_a book_n of_o natural_a philosophy_n where_o they_o treat_v of_o nature_n her_o property_n and_o accident_n it_o be_v true_a they_o intermix_v mistake_n and_o impertinence_n with_o truth_n but_o it_o be_v
only_o rehearse_v before_o the_o emperor_n and_o his_o minister_n of_o state._n therein_o be_v describe_v without_o any_o dissimulation_n the_o manner_n of_o the_o people_n how_o the_o empire_n be_v govern_v and_o the_o present_a state_n of_o affair_n which_o seem_v to_o be_v the_o same_o thing_n with_o the_o ancient_a comedy_n of_o the_o greek_n that_o spare_v neither_o the_o vice_n of_o private_a man_n nor_o the_o miscarriage_n of_o the_o public_a magistrate_n the_o three_o sort_n be_v call_v pi_n que_fw-fr that_o be_v to_o say_v comparison_n for_o that_o all_o which_o be_v therein_o contain_v be_v explain_v by_o comâ—…arisons_n or_o similitude_n the_o four_o sort_n be_v call_v he_o que_fw-fr that_o be_v to_o say_v to_o raise_v or_o exalt_v because_o this_o sort_n of_o poetry_n begin_v with_o something_o that_o be_v curious_a and_o lofty_a to_o prepare_v and_o raise_v attention_n to_o that_o which_o follow_v the_o five_o sort_n be_v call_v you_o xi_o that_o be_v to_o say_v poesy_n reject_v or_o separate_v â—…ecause_n that_o cum_fw-la fu_fw-la cius_fw-la have_v review_v this_o volume_n of_o poem_n reject_v those_o which_o he_o either_o mislike_v or_o think_v to_o be_v fabulous_a however_o they_o be_v still_o quote_v and_o left_a as_o they_o be_v the_o four_o volume_n be_v compose_v by_o cum_fw-la fu_fw-la cius_fw-la and_o contain_v the_o history_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o lù_n his_o native_a country_n at_o present_a comprehend_v within_o the_o province_n of_o xan_n â—…um_fw-la the_o chineses_n put_v a_o high_a value_n upon_o this_o book_n and_o be_v all_o in_o ecstasy_n when_o they_o read_v it_o he_o write_v this_o history_n of_o two_o hundred_o year_n transaction_n after_o the_o manner_n of_o annal_n where_o he_o expose_v as_o in_o a_o mirror_n the_o example_n of_o prince_n both_o virtuous_a and_o wicked_a refer_v the_o â—…ents_n to_o the_o time_n and_o season_n wherein_o they_o happen_v and_o therefore_o he_o give_v to_o his_o book_n the_o title_n of_o chun_n cieâ—…_n or_o spring_n and_o autumn_n the_o five_o volume_n be_v call_v you_o kim_v and_o be_v esteem_v the_o most_o ancient_a of_o all_o the_o rest_n because_o the_o chineses_n affirm_v that_o foe_n hi_o their_o first_o king_n be_v the_o author_n of_o it_o and_o indeed_o this_o book_n be_v worthy_a to_o be_v read_v and_o esteem_v in_o regard_n of_o the_o noble_a sentence_n and_o precept_n of_o morality_n which_o it_o contain_v i_o believe_v true_o that_o the_o good_a maxim_n which_o be_v scatter_v up_o and_o down_o in_o this_o volume_n may_v be_v write_v by_o king_n foyes_n hi_o but_o that_o the_o rest_n be_v add_v by_o other_o who_o be_v desirous_a to_o give_v reputation_n to_o their_o vision_n under_o the_o name_n of_o this_o famous_a prince_n nevertheless_o most_o certain_a it_o be_v that_o the_o chineses_n have_v a_o extraordinary_a veneration_n for_o this_o book_n and_o look_v upon_o it_o to_o be_v the_o most_o profound_a the_o most_o learned_a and_o mysterious_a of_o any_o in_o the_o world_n and_o that_o for_o the_o same_o reason_n they_o believe_v it_o to_o be_v almost_o impossible_a for_o they_o to_o understand_v it_o and_o that_o stranger_n ought_v neither_o to_o see_v or_o touch_v it_o the_o chineses_n have_v also_o another_o volume_n of_o equal_a authority_n with_o those_o beforementioned_a which_o they_o call_v sù_n xu_o that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o four_o book_n by_o way_n of_o excellency_n this_o be_v a_o volume_n of_o extract_n or_o abridgement_n be_v as_o it_o be_v the_o very_a marrow_n and_o quintessence_n of_o the_o former_a five_o the_o mandarinsâ—…ull_a â—…ull_z out_o from_o thence_o the_o sentence_n and_o text_n which_o they_o propose_v for_o theme_n to_o the_o learned_a that_o be_v to_o be_v examine_v before_o they_o be_v admit_v to_o the_o degree_n of_o bachelor_n licentiate_n and_o doctor_n and_o upon_o which_o those_o person_n write_v and_o comment_n for_o their_o reputation_n it_o be_v divide_v into_o four_o part_n the_o first_o treat_v of_o the_o law_n and_o the_o doctrine_n of_o man_n famous_a for_o their_o knowledge_n and_o their_o virtue_n the_o second_o discourse_n of_o the_o golden_a mean._n the_o three_o contain_v a_o great_a number_n of_o moral_a sentence_n well_o express_v solid_a and_o profitable_a to_o all_o the_o member_n of_o the_o state._n these_o three_o part_n be_v write_v by_o cum_fw-la fu_fw-la cius_fw-la the_o first_o doctor_n of_o the_o chinese_n and_o be_v publish_v by_o his_o disciple_n the_o four_o part_n which_o be_v as_o big_a as_o all_o the_o other_o three_o be_v write_v by_o the_o philosopher_n men_n sum_o who_o be_v bear_v about_o a_o hundred_o year_n after_o cum_fw-la fu_fw-la cius_fw-la and_o be_v honour_v by_o the_o chinese_n as_o a_o doctor_n of_o the_o second_o order_n this_o be_v a_o work_n wherein_o there_o appear_v a_o wonderful_a deal_n of_o wit_n subtlety_n and_o eloquence_n the_o discourse_n be_v pertinent_a the_o sentence_n grave_a and_o moral_a and_o the_o style_v lively_a bold_a and_o persuasive_a all_o the_o missionary_n of_o our_o society_n in_o these_o part_n very_o industrious_o study_v the_o letter_n and_o the_o language_n of_o the_o four_o part_n of_o this_o book_n and_o from_o thence_o and_o out_o of_o the_o former_a five_o it_o be_v that_o so_o many_o treatise_n and_o commentary_n of_o various_a author_n as_o well_o ancient_a as_o modern_a of_o which_o the_o number_n be_v almost_o infinite_a and_o give_v we_o occasion_n to_o commend_v and_o admire_v the_o wit_n the_o industry_n and_o eloquence_n of_o that_o nation_n be_v derive_v as_o from_o so_o many_o spring_n and_o fountain_n note_n upon_o the_o five_o chapter_n a._n p._n 96._o the_o subject_a or_o ground_n of_o this_o book_n be_v no_o more_o than_o a_o table_n of_o sixty_o four_o figure_n every_o one_o consist_v of_o six_o line_n which_o be_v all_o of_o a_o piece_n as_o thus_o other_o of_o two_o part_n as_o thus_o the_o chineses_n attribute_v the_o write_n of_o this_o table_n to_o their_o first_o king_n foyes_n hi_o but_o no_o body_n can_v divine_v what_o be_v the_o design_n or_o meaning_n of_o the_o author_n however_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o about_o twelve_o hundred_o year_n before_o christ_n prince_n venus_n uam_fw-la father_n of_o the_o emperor_n vu_fw-fr uam_n founder_n of_o the_o three_o royal_a family_n and_o his_o second_o son_n cheu_n cum_fw-la undertake_v to_o interpret_v this_o enigmatical_a table_n and_o that_o five_o hundred_o year_n afterward_o the_o philosopher_n cum_fw-la fu_fw-la cius_fw-la make_v commentary_n upon_o the_o interpretation_n of_o those_o two_o prince_n but_o whatever_o those_o three_o author_n have_v write_v upon_o this_o subject_a amount_n to_o no_o more_o than_o only_o from_o the_o agreeement_n and_o vicissitude_n of_o the_o element_n and_o other_o natural_a thing_n to_o draw_v politic_a and_o moral_a maxim_n and_o conclusion_n and_o precept_n also_o as_o well_o for_o the_o prince_n as_o their_o subject_n but_o that_o which_o render_v this_o table_n pernicious_a be_v this_o that_o the_o idolater_n call_v tao_n sum_o the_o bonze_n and_o fortune-teller_n make_v a_o bad_a use_n of_o it_o to_o confirm_v their_o superstitious_a prediction_n forge_v out_o of_o that_o variety_n and_o many_o other_o thing_n which_o they_o intermix_v therewith_o a_o infinite_a number_n of_o confederacy_n and_o vain_a and_o impertinent_a allusion_n by_o virtue_n of_o which_o they_o boast_v themselves_o able_a to_o foretell_v whatever_o shall_v befall_v a_o man_n whether_o fortunate_a or_o unfortunate_a epitome_n of_o the_o first_o commentator_n of_o this_o table_n of_o foyes_n hi_o may_v be_v see_v more_o at_o large_a in_o the_o preface_v of_o cum_fw-la fu_fw-la cius_fw-la which_o be_v new_o print_v together_o with_o several_z other_o particular_n concern_v the_o principal_a book_n of_o the_o chinese_n of_o which_o our_o author_n speak_v in_o this_o chapter_n chap._n vi_o of_o the_o civility_n and_o politeness_n of_o the_o chinese_n and_o of_o some_o of_o their_o feast_n several_a book_n may_v be_v write_v of_o the_o civility_n compliment_n and_o ceremony_n of_o the_o chinese_n they_o have_v a_o book_n which_o give_v a_o account_n of_o above_o three_o thousand_o and_o it_o be_v a_o wonderful_a thing_n to_o see_v how_o ready_a and_o punctual_a they_o be_v in_o those_o particular_n at_o their_o marriage_n and_o funeral_n in_o their_o visit_n and_o feast_n the_o master_n of_o the_o house_n though_o a_o person_n of_o great_a honour_n and_o dignity_n than_o any_o of_o his_o guest_n always_o give_v the_o chief_a place_n of_o pre-eminence_n to_o the_o elder_a the_o elder_a give_v place_n to_o those_o that_o come_v far_o off_o but_o all_o to_o foreigner_n when_o any_o ambassador_n arrive_v from_o the_o very_a day_n that_o his_o embassy_n be_v accept_v of_o to_o the_o time_n of_o his_o departure_n the_o emperor_n furnish_v he_o with_o all_o manner_n of_o provision_n horse_n litter_n and_o bark_n
p._n 121._o they_o fasten_v the_o thing_n which_o be_v to_o be_v carry_v etc._n etc._n this_o invention_n as_o it_o be_v describe_v be_v altogether_o like_a to_o that_o which_o the_o woman_n in_o holland_n he_o may_v have_v say_v the_o man_n in_o england_n make_v use_n of_o to_o carry_v their_o milk-pail_n about_o the_o street_n of_o which_o no_o question_n but_o that_o f._n magaillans_n be_v ignorant_a but_o it_o be_v of_o no_o use_n in_o the_o world_n to_o carry_v a_o burden_n of_o one_o entire_a piece_n b._n p._n 123._o the_o city_n drum_n be_v fifteen_o city_n cubic_n diameter_n etc._n etc._n i_o have_v observe_v in_o the_o first_o note_n upon_o the_o second_o chapter_n that_o the_o chinese_n cubit_n be_v a_o parisian_a foot_n as_o seven_o to_o eight_o so_o that_o these_o fifteen_o cubit_n amount_v to_o thirteen_o foot_n and_o â…›_n of_o paris_n which_o show_v we_o that_o this_o drum_n be_v of_o a_o prodigious_a bigness_n see_v that_o by_o the_o proportion_n of_o the_o diameter_n to_o the_o circumference_n this_o drum_n must_v be_v forty_o one_o foot_n and_o a_o quarter_n or_o near_o seven_o fathom_n in_o compass_n c._n p._n 123._o f._n athanasius_n kircher_n etc._n etc._n affirm_v that_o the_o bell_n of_o the_o city_n of_o erfort_n etc._n etc._n father_n kirker_n certain_o have_v never_o hear_v of_o several_a bell_n in_o europe_n big_a than_o that_o of_o erfort_n for_o to_o go_v no_o far_o than_o france_n the_o bell_n of_o rouen_n call_v george_n d'_fw-fr amboise_n weigh_v about_o forty_o thousand_o weight_n as_o the_o inscription_n upon_o it_o declare_v those_o of_o rhodez_n of_o st._n john_n of_o lion_n and_o the_o two_o which_o be_v cast_v for_o nostre_fw-fr dame_n in_o paris_n be_v almost_o as_o big_a as_o that_o of_o rouen_n as_o certain_a it_o be_v that_o f._n kirker_n have_v never_o hear_v of_o the_o bell_n at_o pekim_a since_o he_o have_v acknowledge_v his_o error_n in_o his_o china_n illustrata_fw-la after_o f._n gruber_n have_v send_v he_o the_o extract_v of_o a_o letter_n from_o f._n ferdinand_n verbiest_n contain_v the_o description_n of_o that_o bell_n at_o pekim_a which_o f._n kirker_n have_v quote_v and_o print_v in_o his_o china_n illustrate_v neither_o have_v f._n magaillans_n ever_o see_v this_o last_o piece_n of_o f._n kirker_n as_o for_o the_o bell_n of_o pekim_n f._n ferdinand_n verbiest_n in_o his_o letter_n and_o f._n couplet_n in_o his_o chronology_n tell_v we_o that_o they_o be_v cast_v about_o the_o year_n 1404._o by_o the_o order_n of_o the_o emperor_n chim_z sum_o otherwise_o yum_n lo_o the_o uncle_n of_o kien_fw-fr when_fw-mi ti_fw-mi &_o second_o son_n of_o humh_o vu_fw-fr who_o expel_v the_o western_a tartar_n out_o of_o china_n and_o found_v the_o royal_a family_n tai_n min_fw-mi ga_fw-mi extirpate_v this_o last_o age_n by_o the_o eastern_a tartar_n this_o emperor_n chim_z sum_z cause_v five_o of_o these_o bell_n to_o be_v cast_v every_o one_o of_o which_o weigh_v a_o hundred_o and_o twenty_o thousand_o weight_n and_o there_o be_v no_o question_n to_o be_v make_v but_o that_o then_o they_o be_v the_o big_a in_o the_o world._n but_o james_n rutenfels_n in_o his_o relation_n of_o muscovie_n which_o he_o write_v in_o latin_a affirm_v that_o there_o be_v one_o much_o big_a in_o the_o palace_n of_o the_o grand_a duke_n at_o moscow_n which_o weigh_v three_o hundred_o and_o twenty_o thousand_o pound_n and_o that_o it_o be_v of_o that_o prodigious_a weight_n that_o no_o art_n of_o man_n can_v raise_v it_o nor_o hang_v it_o in_o the_o tower_n callâ—…d_v yvan_n velichi_fw-la at_o the_o bottom_n of_o which_o it_o lie_v upon_o piece_n of_o timber_n father_n rouge-mount_n tell_v we_o in_o his_o history_n that_o f._n adam_n cause_v two_o of_o the_o bell_n at_o pekim_n to_o be_v crane_v up_o into_o a_o tower_n a_o hundred_o and_o fifty_o chinese_n cubit_n or_o one_o hundred_o thirty_o one_o foot_n and_o ¼_n high_a by_o the_o help_n of_o two_o hundred_o workman_n only_o to_o the_o great_a astonishment_n of_o the_o chinese_n who_o think_v he_o must_v have_v employ_v as_o many_o thousand_o and_o that_o two_o year_n after_o he_o cause_v a_o three_o bell_n to_o be_v crane_v up_o in_o the_o same_o manner_n but_o with_o more_o ease_n though_o he_o employ_v no_o more_o than_o a_o hundred_o and_o twenty_o young_a men._n f._n intorcetta_n observe_v in_o his_o relation_n that_o the_o bell_n of_o china_n have_v no_o clapper_n only_o they_o make_v they_o sound_v by_o strike_v with_o a_o hammer_n upon_o the_o outside_n of_o the_o skirt_n chap._n ix_o of_o the_o navigation_n of_o the_o chinese_n navigation_n be_v so_o common_a and_o so_o universal_a in_o this_o kingdom_n that_o there_o be_v hardly_o any_o city_n or_o town_n especial_o in_o the_o southern_a province_n that_o do_v not_o enjoy_v the_o benefit_n of_o some_o river_n some_o lake_n some_o canal_n or_o some_o navigable_a arm_n of_o the_o sea_n insomuch_o that_o there_o be_v almost_o as_o many_o inhabitant_n upon_o the_o water_n as_o upon_o the_o dry_a land_n which_o be_v a_o sight_n no_o less_o please_v then_o surprise_v when_o a_o stranger_n come_v to_o any_o port_n in_o the_o evening_n to_o see_v one_o city_n of_o vessel_n upon_o the_o water_n and_o another_o of_o house_n upon_o the_o land_n they_o that_o put_v off_o very_o early_o or_o come_v too_o late_o be_v force_v to_o sail_n or_o row_v for_o several_a hour_n together_o between_o vessel_n that_o lie_v not_o far_o from_o the_o shoar_n on_o both_o side_n moreover_o there_o be_v such_o a_o trade_n at_o some_o of_o these_o port_n that_o it_o be_v half_a a_o day_n time_n and_o sometime_o more_o before_o a_o man_n can_v get_v clear_a of_o the_o vessel_n that_o lie_v before_o the_o town_n insomuch_o that_o a_o man_n may_v say_v there_o be_v two_o empire_n in_o china_n the_o one_o upon_o the_o water_n and_o the_o other_o upon_o the_o land_n and_o as_o many_o venice_n as_o there_o be_v city_n for_o these_o vessel_n serve_v instead_o of_o house_n to_o they_o that_o be_v the_o master_n of_o they_o there_o they_o dress_v their_o meat_n there_o they_o be_v bear_v there_o they_o be_v breed_v and_o there_o they_o die_v there_o they_o have_v their_o dog_n and_o their_o cat_n there_o they_o breed_v their_o pig_n their_o duck_n and_o their_o goose_n their_o vessel_n be_v some_o of_o good_a burden_n other_o less_o some_o belong_v to_o the_o king_n some_o to_o the_o mandarin_n some_o to_o the_o merchant_n and_o some_o to_o the_o people_n among_o the_o king_n bark_n those_o which_o be_v call_v so_fw-ge chuen_fw-ge be_v employ_v to_o carry_v the_o mandarin_n to_o their_o several_a government_n and_o to_o bring_v they_o back_o upon_o their_o return_v these_o be_v make_v like_o our_o caravel_n but_o high_a and_o so_o well_o paint_v especial_o the_o cabin_n where_o the_o mandarin_n lodge_v that_o they_o resemble_v building_n erect_v for_o some_o public_a solemnity_n rather_o than_o ordinary_a hoy_n those_o that_o be_v call_v leam_fw-la chuen_fw-ge that_o be_v to_o say_v such_o as_o be_v appoint_v to_o carry_v provision_n from_o the_o province_n to_o the_o court_n be_v about_o nine_o thousand_o nine_o hundred_o fourscore_o and_o nineteen_o i_o have_v often_o be_v inquisitive_a to_o know_v why_o they_o do_v not_o add_v one_o more_o to_o make_v up_o the_o number_n of_o ten_o thousand_o but_o all_o the_o inquisition_n i_o can_v make_v be_v still_o to_o no_o purpose_n till_o at_o length_n after_o several_a year_n and_o when_o i_o better_o understand_v the_o humour_n and_o custom_n of_o the_o nation_n i_o make_v a_o shrewd_a conjecture_n at_o the_o reason_n the_o number_n of_o ten_o thousand_o be_v express_v by_o two_o chinese_n letter_n only_o young_a and_o van_n which_o have_v nothing_o in_o they_o either_o of_o great_a or_o magnificent_a either_o in_o write_v or_o pronunciation_n and_o by_o consequence_n deserve_v not_o to_o be_v make_v use_n of_o to_o express_v the_o number_n of_o the_o emperor_n bark_n so_o that_o they_o have_v take_v one_o out_o of_o ten_o thousand_o to_o render_v the_o number_n more_o pompous_a and_o majestic_a and_o which_o be_v more_o proper_a to_o flatter_v their_o vanity_n and_o pride_n by_o say_v nine_o hundred_o fourscore_o and_o nineteen_o as_o run_v most_o upon_o their_o adore_a number_n nine_o these_o vessel_n be_v somewhat_o less_o than_o the_o former_a nevertheless_o they_o have_v their_o fore-castle_n and_o quarter-deck_n and_o a_o cabin_n or_o hall_n in_o the_o middle_n like_o those_o of_o the_o mandarin_n the_o three_o sort_n of_o the_o emperor_n bark_n be_v call_v lum_n y_fw-fr chuen_fw-ge that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o vessel_n that_o bring_v the_o emperor_n habit_n his_o piece_n of_o silk_n and_o tissue_n to_o the_o court._n of_o these_o there_o be_v as_o many_o as_o there_o be_v day_n in_o the_o year_n or_o
three_o hundred_o year_n however_o what_o we_o have_v hitherto_o say_v extend_v itself_o only_o to_o that_o nobility_n which_o be_v acquire_v by_o arms._n for_o as_o to_o that_o which_o have_v be_v acquire_v by_o employment_n of_o the_o long_a robe_n the_o continuance_n of_o it_o be_v very_o inconsiderable_a and_o therefore_o though_o a_o man_n shall_v be_v xam_n xu_o which_o be_v the_o first_o dignity_n in_o the_o supreme_a tribunal_n of_o the_o court_n or_o co_z laò_fw-la that_o be_v to_o say_v prime_a minister_n of_o state_n which_o be_v the_o high_a degree_n of_o honour_n and_o riches_n to_o which_o fortune_n can_v raise_v a_o subject_a in_o this_o empire_n general_o his_o grandchild_n shall_v be_v reduce_v to_o great_a poverty_n and_o shall_v be_v constrain_v to_o follow_v merchandise_n or_o to_o trade_n by_o retail_n or_o to_o be_v a_o ordinary_a man_n of_o letter_n as_o his_o great_a grandfather_n be_v before_o he_o in_o short_a there_o be_v never_o any_o descent_n of_o the_o gownsman_n that_o ever_o last_v so_o long_o as_o the_o reign_v family_n i_o be_v acquaint_v under_o the_o family_n that_o reign_v before_o the_o conquest_n of_o the_o tartar_n with_o several_a pâ—…tty_a king_n duke_n and_o other_o great_a lord_n who_o because_o they_o be_v of_o the_o blood_n royal_a or_o descend_v from_o valiant_a captain_n who_o have_v be_v assist_v in_o the_o conquest_n of_o the_o empire_n claim_v a_o nobility_n as_o ancient_a as_o the_o royal_a family_n and_o which_o expire_v as_o unfortunate_o with_o it_o but_o i_o never_o see_v or_o hear_v of_o any_o family_n of_o the_o gownsman_n that_o ever_o last_v so_o long_o however_o that_o which_o be_v but_o a_o usual_a misfortune_n which_o attend_v the_o latter_a be_v a_o effect_n of_o the_o cruelty_n of_o their_o enemy_n in_o regard_n of_o the_o first_o of_o which_o there_o be_v several_a which_o have_v they_o not_o be_v destroy_v by_o massacre_n may_v have_v continue_v their_o lustre_n and_o grandeur_n as_o long_o as_o the_o empire_n itself_o and_o yet_o there_o be_v still_o one_o family_n remain_v which_o not_o only_o have_v preserve_v its_o luster_n but_o be_v honour_v at_o present_a by_o the_o king_n the_o grandee_n and_o people_n with_o equal_a veneration_n and_o have_v flourish_v for_o above_o these_o twenty_o age_n so_o that_o it_o may_v be_v true_o say_v to_o be_v the_o most_o ancient_a family_n in_o the_o universe_n this_o be_v the_o house_n of_o that_o famous_a confu_n ci_fw-fr we_o who_o be_v bear_v under_o the_o three_o imperial_a family_n call_v cheu_n five_o hundred_o and_o fifty_o one_o year_n before_o the_o birth_n of_o christ_n and_o so_o his_o family_n may_v be_v say_v to_o have_v last_v two_o thousand_o two_o hundred_o and_o nineteen_o year_n reckon_n to_o this_o present_a year_n 1668._o the_o ancient_a king_n give_v to_o his_o descendant_n the_o title_n of_o que_fw-fr cum_fw-la which_o be_v the_o same_o with_o that_o of_o duke_n or_o count_n and_o this_o family_n claim_v to_o its_o self_n a_o kind_n of_o sovereignty_n &_o a_o exemption_n from_o pay_v tribute_n in_o the_o province_n of_o xan_n tum_fw-la and_o the_o city_n of_o kio_n feu_fw-fr where_o cum_fw-la fuci_fw-la u_fw-mi be_v bear_v without_o ever_o have_v be_v molest_v or_o have_v suffer_v any_o alteration_n though_o the_o empire_n and_o the_o reign_v house_n have_v be_v several_a time_n ranverse_v the_o chineses_n also_o bestow_v upon_o this_o philosopher_n name_n and_o title_n very_o honourable_a of_o which_o the_o chief_a be_v cu_z sum_z cu_z fu_fw-mi su_fw-es and_o xim_o gin_n the_o two_o first_o signify_v doctor_n or_o master_n as_o we_o say_v doctor_n or_o master_n scotus_n the_o three_o signify_v a_o holy_a man._n for_o that_o when_o they_o say_v the_o saint_n by_o way_n of_o excellency_n they_o mean_v cum_fw-la fu_fw-fr ci_fw-fr we_o which_o among_o the_o chinese_n signify_v a_o person_n of_o extraordinary_a and_o heroic_a wisdom_n for_o this_o nation_n have_v so_o high_a a_o veneration_n for_o that_o philosopher_n that_o although_o they_o do_v not_o worship_v he_o as_o one_o of_o their_o deity_n yet_o they_o honour_v he_o with_o more_o ceremony_n than_o their_o idol_n or_o pagod_n though_o they_o can_v endure_v to_o hear_v he_o call_v their_o idol_n or_o pagod_n but_o on_o the_o other_o side_n will_v take_v it_o for_o a_o very_a great_a affront_n i_o can_v add_v several_a other_o thing_n which_o that_o nation_n affirm_v of_o this_o philosopher_n who_o in_o reality_n be_v a_o learned_a person_n and_o endow_v with_o several_a natural_a virtue_n it_o shall_v therefore_o suffice_v to_o say_v that_o they_o liberal_o bestow_v upon_o he_o now_o he_o be_v dead_a that_o affection_n that_o veneration_n and_o those_o title_n of_o honour_n which_o he_o can_v never_o obtain_v while_o he_o live_v and_o therefore_o it_o be_v that_o they_o call_v he_o su_n vam_fw-la that_o be_v to_o say_v a_o king_n without_o command_n without_o a_o sceptre_n without_o a_o crown_n and_o jewel_n only_o naked_a and_o without_o luster_n by_o which_o they_o will_v have_v we_o to_o understand_v that_o he_o be_v furnish_v with_o all_o the_o quality_n and_o virtue_n requisite_a to_o have_v make_v he_o a_o king_n or_o a_o emperor_n but_o that_o destiny_n and_o heaven_n be_v not_o so_o favourable_a to_o he_o chap._n xii_o of_o the_o wonderful_a government_n of_o this_o empire_n of_o the_o distinction_n between_o the_o mandarin_n and_o of_o the_o council_n of_o state._n if_o china_n be_v to_o be_v value_v and_o admire_v for_o those_o thing_n which_o we_o have_v already_o relate_v it_o merit_v certain_o asleep_o far_o great_a reputation_n for_o the_o excellency_n of_o its_o government_n but_o before_o we_o proceed_v any_o far_a upon_o that_o subject_a it_o will_v be_v necessary_a to_o unfold_v what_o the_o learned_a say_v of_o their_o king_n and_o the_o form_n of_o their_o government_n among_o all_o the_o three_o law_n which_o be_v observe_v in_o this_o empire_n that_o which_o they_o call_v the_o law_n of_o the_o learned_a be_v the_o principal_a and_o most_o ancient_a the_o chief_a end_n of_o it_o be_v the_o good_a government_n of_o the_o kingdom_n upon_o which_o they_o have_v compose_v so_o many_o treatise_n and_o commentary_n that_o it_o be_v a_o thing_n to_o be_v admire_v ancient_o come_v fu_fw-la sius_fw-la write_v a_o tractate_n upon_o this_o subject_a which_o he_o entitle_v chum_n yum_n that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o golden_a mediocrity_n wherein_o he_o teach_v that_o a_o virtuous_a prince_n ought_v to_o have_v nine_o quality_n or_o to_o do_v nine_o thing_n first_o of_o all_o to_o accomplish_v and_o govern_v himself_o well_o to_o the_o end_n he_o may_v show_v himself_o a_o guide_n and_o example_n to_o all_o his_o subject_n second_o to_o honour_n and_o cherish_v man_n of_o learning_n and_o virtue_n and_o frequent_o to_o converse_v with_o and_o consult_v they_o upon_o the_o affair_n of_o his_o empire_n three_o to_o love_v his_o uncle_n his_o cousin_n and_o all_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o prince_n of_o the_o blood_n to_o grant_v they_o those_o favour_n and_o reward_n which_o they_o deserve_v and_o to_o let_v they_o see_v that_o he_o respect_v and_o value_v they_o and_o prefer_v they_o before_o all_o other_o person_n within_o his_o dominion_n four_o to_o be_v respectful_a and_o courteous_a to_o all_o his_o nobility_n which_o be_v not_o of_o the_o blood_n royal_a advance_v they_o to_o wealth_n and_o honour_n that_o all_o the_o world_n may_v see_v how_o much_o he_o value_v and_o consider_v they_o above_o the_o common_a sort_n five_o to_o incorporate_v himself_o as_o i_o may_v so_o say_v with_o the_o rest_n of_o his_o subject_n to_o equalise_v and_o unite_v his_o heart_n to_o they_o and_o to_o regard_n and_o esteem_v they_o as_o his_o own_o proper_a substance_n and_o person_n six_o to_o love_v his_o people_n with_o a_o true_a affection_n to_o rejoice_v in_o their_o welfare_n and_o their_o joy_n and_o to_o be_v afflict_v at_o their_o calamity_n and_o sadness_n so_o that_o the_o mean_a person_n in_o his_o kingdom_n may_v be_v â—…ully_o persuade_v that_o the_o king_n love_v he_o as_o one_o of_o his_o child_n seven_o to_o invite_v to_o his_o court_n all_o sort_n of_o workman_n and_o artist_n for_o the_o quick_a dispatch_n of_o all_o public_a and_o private_a business_n eight_o to_o caress_n and_o treat_v with_o all_o imaginable_a civility_n and_o liberality_n all_o foreign_a ambassador_n let_v they_o see_v in_o deed_n as_o well_o as_o word_n the_o effect_n of_o a_o royal_a and_o generous_a soul_n and_o take_v such_o order_n that_o upon_o their_o departure_n they_o may_v return_v into_o their_o country_n with_o all_o security_n and_o satisfaction_n nine_o to_o cherish_v and_o embrace_v all_o the_o lord_n of_o the_o empire_n and_o to_o treat_v they_o in_o such_o a_o manner_n that_o they_o may_v be_v so_o far_o from_o
admit_v the_o least_o thought_n of_o revolt_n to_o slide_v into_o their_o heart_n as_o rather_o to_o be_v the_o bulwark_n and_o fortress_n of_o his_o kingdom_n these_o be_v the_o nine_o rule_n or_o maxim_n of_o cum_fw-la fu_fw-la sius_fw-la what_o follow_v be_v the_o exposition_n of_o a_o commentatour_n if_o the_o king_n say_v he_o put_v in_o practice_n these_o nine_o rule_n he_o may_v immortallize_v his_o reign_n and_o not_o only_o acquire_v great_a renown_n but_o attain_v the_o end_n for_o which_o heaven_n have_v advance_v he_o to_o so_o high_a a_o degree_n of_o dignity_n for_o if_o a_o prince_n govern_v himself_o well_o at_o the_o same_o time_n he_o shall_v also_o obtain_v that_o sovereign_a perfection_n and_o universal_a virtue_n of_o golden_a mediocrity_n he_o shall_v be_v a_o crystal_n mirror_n wherein_o his_o subject_n may_v behold_v themselves_o and_o a_o live_a rule_n and_o enliven_v d_o model_n for_o they_o to_o imirate_n if_o he_o esteem_v and_o honour_n man_n of_o learning_n and_o virtue_n with_o equal_a complacency_n they_o will_v discover_v to_o he_o the_o method_n and_o maxim_n of_o good_a government_n he_o will_v every_o day_n become_v more_o and_o more_o enlighten_v and_o acquire_v prudence_n judgement_n experience_n and_o knowledge_n how_o to_o govern_v himself_o and_o his_o people_n and_o he_o will_v find_v himself_o from_o moment_n to_o moment_n less_o uncertain_a and_o less_o entangle_v in_o the_o conduct_n of_o affair_n both_o of_o his_o house_n and_o kingdom_n if_o he_o love_v his_o uncle_n brother_n and_o the_o rest_n of_o his_o kindred_n they_o will_v live_v together_o with_o he_o and_o serve_v he_o with_o concord_n and_o satisfaction_n if_o he_o favour_v and_o cherish_v his_o grandee_n they_o will_v be_v faithful_a and_o diligent_a they_o will_v serve_v he_o as_o instrument_n to_o increase_v his_o power_n they_o will_v act_v sincere_o and_o just_o in_o all_o affair_n of_o importance_n in_o a_o word_n they_o will_v be_v a_o help_n and_o assistance_n to_o he_o in_o all_o thing_n nor_o shall_v he_o ever_o be_v expose_v while_o he_o make_v use_v of_o their_o counsel_n to_o be_v without_o a_o guide_n and_o hazard_v his_o dominion_n by_o the_o rash_a error_n of_o his_o government_n if_o he_o consider_v his_o subject_n as_o his_o own_o member_n they_o will_v do_v their_o utmost_a to_o serve_v he_o with_o all_o the_o mark_n of_o entire_a sidelity_n in_o return_n of_o their_o prince_n s_o esteem_n and_o favour_n if_o he_o love_v his_o people_n as_o his_o child_n he_o will_v fill_v their_o heart_n with_o joy_n and_o affection_n while_o they_o on_o the_o other_o side_n prostrate_v themselves_o at_o his_o foot_n ensâ—…amed_v with_o love_n and_o veneration_n for_o their_o king_n their_o parent_n and_o their_o master_n if_o he_o invite_v to_o his_o court_n artificer_n and_o artist_n of_o all_o sort_n they_o will_v make_v it_o their_o business_n to_o settle_v or_o improve_v commerce_n agriculture_n and_o all_o such_o trade_n and_o art_n to_o which_o they_o have_v be_v breed_v thus_o the_o kingdom_n will_v be_v enrich_v and_o by_o that_o mean_v the_o people_n the_o whole_a empire_n and_o the_o king_n himself_o will_v live_v in_o plenty_n and_o enjoy_v a_o abound_a and_o durable_a peace_n if_o he_o be_v courteous_a and_o liberal_a to_o ambassador_n and_o other_o foreigner_n the_o fame_n of_o his_o virtue_n will_v spread_v itself_o to_o all_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o distant_a nation_n will_v glory_v to_o be_v under_o his_o subjection_n if_o he_o cherish_v in_o his_o bosom_n the_o great_a lord_n of_o his_o kingdom_n he_o will_v excite_v they_o to_o all_o the_o heroic_a and_o illustrious_a action_n of_o which_o their_o quality_n and_o nobility_n render_v they_o capable_a and_o all_o with_o a_o respectful_a awe_n and_o ardent_a affection_n for_o their_o prince_n will_v embrace_v virtue_n and_o be_v guard_n to_o the_o emperor_n and_o bulwark_n to_o the_o empire_n these_o be_v the_o reflection_n of_o the_o commentator_n upon_o the_o nine_o rule_n of_o good_a government_n i_o translate_v they_o out_o of_o chinese_n into_o portugueze_n to_o the_o end_n that_o by_o this_o essay_n man_n may_v be_v able_a to_o judge_v of_o their_o sentiment_n upon_o this_o subject_a and_o the_o reader_n more_o clear_o understand_v the_o rest_n that_o follow_v the_o mandarin_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n be_v distinguish_v into_o nine_o order_n and_o every_o order_n be_v divide_v into_o two_o degree_n for_o example_n it_o be_v say_v such_o a_o one_o be_v a_o mandarin_n of_o the_o second_o degree_n of_o the_o first_o second_o or_o three_o order_n or_o else_o he_o be_v a_o mandarin_n of_o the_o first_o degree_n of_o the_o first_o second_o or_o three_o order_n this_o division_n signify_v no_o more_o than_o only_o the_o particular_a title_n which_o the_o king_n give_v they_o without_o any_o respect_n to_o their_o employment_n for_o though_o usual_o the_o mandarin_n be_v of_o a_o order_n superior_a or_o inferior_a according_a to_o the_o dignity_n of_o their_o employment_n nevertheless_o that_o be_v no_o general_a rule_n because_o sometime_o be_v happen_v that_o to_o recompense_v the_o merit_n of_o a_o person_n who_o office_n have_v be_v usual_o enjoy_v by_o a_o mandarin_n of_o the_o inferior_a order_n the_o king_n may_v give_v he_o the_o title_n of_o a_o mandarin_n of_o the_o first_o or_o second_o order_n and_o on_o the_o other_o side_n to_o punish_v a_o person_n who_o office_n belong_v to_o the_o superior_a mandarin_n he_o debase_v he_o to_o the_o title_n of_o mandarin_n of_o the_o inferior_a order_n and_o the_o knowledge_n distinction_n and_o subordination_n of_o these_o order_n be_v so_o perfect_a and_o exact_a the_o veneration_n and_o submission_n of_o the_o latter_a towards_o the_o former_a be_v so_o great_a and_o last_o the_o sovereign_a power_n of_o the_o prince_n over_o the_o one_o and_o the_o other_o so_o absolute_a that_o i_o never_o meet_v with_o any_o thing_n that_o can_v compare_v with_o it_o among_o all_o the_o search_v i_o have_v make_v into_o any_o of_o our_o government_n whether_o temporal_a or_o ecclesiastical_a the_o mandarin_n of_o the_o first_o order_n be_v counsellor_n of_o the_o king_n council_n of_o state_n which_o be_v the_o great_a honour_n and_o the_o high_a dignity_n to_o which_o a_o learned_a man_n can_v arrive_v in_o this_o empire_n they_o have_v several_a name_n and_o several_a title_n both_o ancient_a and_o modern_a annex_v to_o their_o office_n of_o which_o the_o most_o common_a be_v nui_fw-la co_n co_z lao_n caiazzo_n siam_n siam_n cum_fw-la siam_n queen_n yet_o all_o these_o with_o little_a difference_n signify_v no_o more_o than_o assistant_n judge_n lateral_a and_o supreme_a counsellor_n to_o the_o king._n there_o be_v also_o several_a hall_n in_o the_o king_n palace_n magnificent_a as_o well_o for_o their_o architecture_n as_o for_o their_o spaciousness_n and_o furniture_n which_o be_v distinguish_v into_o inferior_a or_o superior_a according_a to_o the_o business_n therein_o transact_v for_o when_o the_o king_n will_v bestow_v any_o great_a favour_n upon_o some_o one_o of_o his_o counsellor_n he_o give_v he_o the_o name_n of_o one_o of_o those_o hall_n as_o chum_n chie_a tien_n that_o be_v to_o say_v supreme_a royal_a hall_n of_o the_o middle_a and_o then_o he_o add_v this_o new_a title_n to_o his_o usual_a name_n the_o king_n also_o give_v they_o other_o title_n by_o which_o they_o acquire_v a_o extraordinary_a same_n and_o honour_n when_o they_o merit_v those_o title_n by_o any_o glorious_a action_n as_o que_fw-fr chu_fw-mi which_o signify_v the_o pillar_n that_o support_v the_o empire_n of_o these_o counsellor_n there_o be_v no_o determine_a number_n be_v sometime_o more_o sometime_o few_o as_o it_o please_v the_o emperor_n who_o choose_v they_o at_o his_o own_o pleasure_n out_o of_o the_o mandarin_n of_o other_o tribunal_n nevertheless_o there_o be_v always_o one_o call_v neu_n siam_n who_o be_v their_o precedent_n and_o as_o it_o be_v the_o emperor_n be_v prime_a minister_n and_o favourite_n the_o tribunal_n of_o these_o counsellor_n as_o it_o be_v the_o high_a of_o all_o that_o belong_v to_o the_o empire_n so_o it_o be_v also_o place_v in_o the_o king_n palace_n on_o the_o left_a hand_n of_o the_o supreme_a royal_a hall_n where_o the_o king_n give_v audience_n and_o receive_v the_o homage_n of_o the_o mandarin_n when_o he_o go_v abroad_o and_o here_o we_o must_v observe_v by_o the_o way_n that_o among_o the_o chinese_n the_o left_a hand_n be_v the_o place_n of_o honour_n this_o tribunal_n be_v call_v nui_fw-la yuen_v or_o the_o tribunal_n within_o the_o king_n palace_n it_o be_v compose_v of_o three_o order_n of_o mandarin_n the_o first_o be_v the_o king_n counsellor_n of_o who_o we_o have_v already_o speak_v these_o be_v to_o view_v examine_v and_o judge_v of_o all_o the_o memorial_n which_o the_o six_o chief_a tribunal_n of_o
severity_n of_o punishment_n as_o confiscation_n of_o good_n banishment_n or_o death_n then_o after_o they_o have_v inform_v the_o king_n they_o send_v back_o the_o indictment_n and_o the_o person_n indict_v to_o this_o tribunal_n where_o after_o another_o re_fw-mi examination_n of_o the_o cause_n the_o definitive_a sentence_n be_v pronounce_v to_o the_o palace_n appoint_v for_o this_o tribunal_n belong_v fourteen_o more_o inferior_a court_n or_o tribunal_n for_o the_o fourteen_o province_n of_o the_o kingdom_n as_o we_o have_v already_o observe_v in_o the_o description_n of_o the_o second_o tribunal_n the_o torment_n also_o and_o execution_n which_o this_o court_n inflict_v upon_o criminal_n be_v of_o various_a sort_n which_o i_o omit_v for_o fear_v of_o be_v too_o tedious_a i_o shall_v only_o observe_v one_o custom_n among_o the_o chinese_n quite_o contrary_a to_o what_o be_v usual_a in_o europe_n where_o noble_a man_n be_v behead_v and_o ordinary_a offender_n be_v hang_v whereas_o in_o china_n the_o great_a ignominy_n that_o can_v befall_v a_o man_n be_v to_o have_v his_o head_n cut_v off_o and_o therefore_o when_o the_o king_n will_v show_v a_o extraordinary_a favour_n to_o a_o great_a lord_n or_o mandarin_n condem'nd_v to_o die_v he_o send_v he_o a_o very_a soft_a piece_n of_o silk_n to_o be_v hang_v in_o instead_o of_o a_o halter_n and_o the_o reason_n which_o the_o chineses_n give_v to_o justify_v this_o conceit_n of_o they_o be_v this_o because_o they_o say_v that_o of_o necessity_n such_o as_o be_v behead_v must_v have_v be_v disobedient_a to_o their_o parent_n who_o give_v they_o sound_a and_o perfect_a body_n till_o they_o by_o their_o disobedience_n and_o their_o crime_n make_v a_o separation_n and_o disfigurement_n of_o the_o member_n and_o they_o be_v so_o possess_v with_o this_o opinion_n that_o the_o chineses_n will_v buy_v of_o the_o hangman_n the_o body_n of_o the_o malefactor_n execute_v if_o they_o be_v their_o parent_n for_o five_o ten_o or_o twenty_o crown_n nay_o sometime_o they_o will_v not_o spare_v for_o hundred_o and_o thousand_o of_o crown_n according_a to_o their_o wealth_n or_o poverty_n and_o then_o they_o sow_v the_o head_n to_o the_o body_n again_o with_o a_o world_n of_o lamentation_n and_o shower_n of_o tear_n to_o satisfy_v in_o some_o measure_n for_o their_o disobedience_n they_o report_v that_o the_o original_n of_o this_o ceremony_n proceed_v from_o a_o disciple_n of_o cum_fw-la fu_fw-la cius_fw-la call_v tsem_fw-la â—…su_fw-la this_o philosopher_n lie_v at_o the_o point_n of_o death_n send_v for_o his_o child_n and_o disciple_n and_o after_o he_o have_v show_v they_o his_o head_n his_o arm_n and_o his_o foot_n he_o take_v his_o last_o farewell_n of_o they_o in_o these_o word_n child_n say_v he_o learn_v of_o your_o father_n and_o your_o master_n to_o be_v as_o obedient_a as_o i_o have_v be_v to_o they_o who_o give_v i_o my_o be_v in_o this_o world_n and_o bring_v i_o up_o with_o so_o much_o care_n since_o by_o that_o mean_v i_o have_v preserve_v entire_a and_o perfect_a the_o body_n which_o they_o bestow_v upon_o i_o i_o say_v but_o now_o that_o the_o chineses_n purchase_v the_o body_n of_o parent_n at_o great_a rate_n which_o be_v true_a for_o they_o that_o be_v condemn_v to_o be_v behead_v be_v also_o sentence_v to_o be_v deprive_v of_o common_a burial_n which_o be_v a_o most_o terrible_a infamy_n among_o they_o for_o this_o reason_n the_o hangman_n be_v oblige_v after_o he_o have_v strip_v the_o body_n to_o throw_v it_o into_o the_o next_o ditch_n and_o in_o sell_v the_o body_n he_o expose_v himself_o to_o the_o hazard_n of_o be_v severe_o punish_v or_o at_o least_o to_o give_v the_o mandarin_n or_o the_o informer_n that_o discover_v the_o sale_n a_o good_a part_n of_o the_o money_n which_o he_o receive_v and_o therefore_o he_o must_v sell_v dear_a that_o he_o may_v give_v the_o more_o among_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o law_n there_o be_v one_o observe_v by_o this_o tribunal_n which_o be_v enact_v by_o one_o of_o the_o ancient_a king_n of_o which_o i_o can_v omit_v the_o rehearsal_n that_o when_o any_o criminal_a either_o for_o his_o good_a quality_n or_o for_o any_o other_o reason_n deserve_v to_o be_v pity_v whether_o he_o be_v condemn_v in_o the_o spring_n the_o winter_n or_o the_o summer_n he_o shall_v be_v reprieve_v till_o the_o end_n of_o the_o next_o autumn_n follow_v for_o that_o it_o be_v a_o ancient_a custom_n among_o the_o chinese_n upon_o the_o birth_n or_o marriage_n of_o a_o prince_n or_o upon_o any_o other_o cause_n of_o public_a rejoice_v or_o after_o a_o earthquake_n or_o upon_o any_o extraordinary_a alteration_n of_o the_o season_n or_o element_n to_o release_v all_o sort_n of_o prisoner_n except_o some_o few_o that_o be_v except_v and_o by_o that_o mean_v those_o that_o be_v reprieve_v be_v set_v at_o liberty_n or_o at_o least_o live_v in_o fair_a hope_n for_o some_o month_n the_o six_o and_o last_o superior_a tribunal_n be_v call_v cu_z pu_fw-fr or_o the_o tribunal_n of_o the_o public_a work_n this_o tribunal_n take_v care_n to_o build_v and_o repair_v the_o king_n palace_n their_o sepulcher_n and_o temple_n wherein_o they_o honour_v their_o predecessor_n or_o where_o they_o adore_v their_o deity_n the_o sun_n moon_n heaven_n and_o earth_n etc._n etc._n as_o also_o the_o palace_n of_o all_o the_o tribunal_n throughout_o the_o empire_n and_o those_o of_o the_o great_a lord_n they_o be_v also_o the_o surveyor_n and_o overseer_n of_o all_o the_o tower_n bridges_n dam_n river_n lake_n and_o of_o all_o thing_n requisite_a to_o render_v river_n navigable_a as_o highway_n wagon_n bark_n boat_n and_o the_o like_a to_o this_o palace_n belong_v four_o more_o inferior_a court_n the_o first_o be_v call_v vincentio_n xen_a su_n which_o examine_v and_o draw_v the_o design_n of_o all_o the_o work_n that_o be_v to_o be_v do_v the_o second_o thou_o hem_o sum_o which_o have_v the_o order_n of_o all_o the_o work-house_n and_o shop_n in_o all_o the_o city_n of_o the_o kingdom_n for_o the_o make_n of_o warlike_a arm_n and_o weapon_n the_o three_o tum_o xui_o sum_o takes_z care_n to_o make_v the_o river_n and_o lake_n navigable_a to_o level_v the_o high_a way_n to_o build_v and_o repair_v bridge_n and_o for_o the_o make_n of_o wagon_n and_o boat_n and_o other_o thing_n necessary_a for_o the_o convenience_n of_o commerce_n the_o four_o ce_fw-fr tien_n sum_o be_v the_o overseer_n of_o the_o king_n house_n and_o land_n which_o he_o let_v out_o to_o hire_v and_o of_o which_o he_o have_v both_o the_o rent_n and_o the_o fruit_n of_o the_o harvest_n by_o what_o have_v be_v say_v it_o appear_v that_o the_o six_o superior_a tribunal_n have_v under_o they_o four_o and_o forty_o inferior_a court_n which_o have_v their_o peculiar_a palace_n within_o the_o circuit_n of_o the_o palace_n of_o that_o tribunal_n to_o which_o they_o belong_v with_o hall_n chamber_n and_o other_o convenience_n every_o one_o of_o these_o forty_o four_o court_n have_v also_o a_o precedent_n and_o twelve_o counsellor_n four_o of_o which_o be_v of_o the_o first_o degree_n of_o the_o five_o order_n of_o mandarin_n four_o of_o the_o second_o degree_n of_o the_o five_o and_o the_o other_o four_o of_o the_o six_o order_n in_o the_o tribunal_n of_o the_o exchequer_n and_o the_o criminal_a tribunal_n the_o number_n of_o judge_n be_v double_a where_o all_o the_o inferior_a tribunal_n have_v a_o precedent_n and_o twenty_o four_o counsellor_n but_o beside_o these_o graduated_a mandarin_n there_o be_v some_o employ_v who_o be_v under_o no_o degree_n and_o yet_o be_v mandarin_n for_o all_o that_o however_o after_o some_o year_n service_n the_o king_n advance_v they_o to_o the_o nine_o and_o eight_o order_n of_o mandarin_n moreover_o all_o these_o tribunal_n have_v a_o great_a number_n of_o prothonotarys_n register_n clerk_n controller_n merchant_n usher_n porter_n messenger_n attendants_z and_o servant_n jailer_n provost_n sergeant_n bailiff_n beadle_n to_o whip_n and_o punish_v offender_n sweeper_n cook_n to_o dress_v their_o viand_n people_n to_o lay_v the_o cloth_n and_o wait_v at_o table_n and_o all_o at_o the_o king_n charge_n observe_v by_o the_o way_n however_o that_o what_o we_o have_v say_v as_o to_o the_o number_n of_o mandarin_n relate_v only_o to_o the_o reign_n of_o the_o precede_a family_n for_o at_o present_a their_o number_n be_v double_a in_o all_o the_o court_n for_o example_n the_o low_a court_n which_o consist_v of_o no_o more_o than_o twelve_o mandarin_n have_v now_o twenty_o four_o that_o be_v to_o say_v twelve_o tartar_n and_o twelve_o chinese_n these_o be_v the_o six_o tribunal_n that_o govern_v all_o china_n and_o which_o be_v so_o famous_a over_o all_o the_o kingdom_n however_o that_o neither_o the_o one_o nor_o the_o other_o shall_v grow_v too_o powerful_a the_o ancient_a king_n that_o
may_v be_v the_o first_o king_n of_o china_n in_o the_o regard_n that_o if_o we_o set_v aside_o the_o fable_n which_o the_o chineses_n have_v add_v and_o of_o which_o the_o greek_n and_o roman_n be_v no_o less_o guilty_a when_o they_o speak_v of_o their_o first_o founder_n the_o sequel_n of_o their_o story_n and_o the_o successive_a train_n of_o their_o king_n seem_v to_o have_v much_o of_o truth_n for_o according_a to_o the_o computation_n of_o their_o history_n and_o chronology_n we_o clear_o find_v that_o the_o first_o king_n of_o china_n begin_v to_o reign_v about_o two_o hundred_o year_n after_o the_o universal_a deluge_n according_a to_o the_o version_n of_o the_o seventy_o interpreter_n in_o which_o time_n the_o descendant_n of_o noah_n may_v well_o spread_v themselves_o to_o the_o far_a end_n of_o asia_n see_v that_o within_o the_o same_o space_n they_o expanded_a themselves_o over_o all_o the_o western_a part_n of_o asia_n into_o africa_n and_o a_o good_a part_n of_o europe_n the_o three_o opinion_n assert_n that_o the_o first_o king_n of_o china_n be_v yao_n who_o according_a to_o their_o chronology_n begin_v to_o reign_v four_o thousand_o and_o twenty_o five_o year_n ago_o their_o history_n relate_v that_o in_o his_o time_n there_o be_v both_o mathematician_n and_o astrologer_n that_o he_o cause_v great_a ditch_n and_o channel_n to_o be_v make_v for_o the_o drain_n away_o of_o the_o water_n of_o the_o grand_a deluge_n that_o till_o then_o cover_v the_o valley_n and_o the_o champaign_n ground_n this_o king_n be_v a_o prince_n illustrious_a for_o his_o virtue_n and_o his_o transcendent_a part_n and_o be_v still_o honour_a as_o one_o of_o the_o will_z sest_z and_o most_o virtuous_a prince_n of_o china_n this_o opi_fw-la nion_n pass_v for_o currant_n and_o unquestionable_a among_o the_o chinese_n and_o all_o the_o father_n that_o have_v have_v the_o great_a knowledge_n and_o insight_n into_o their_o book_n and_o history_n hold_v this_o latter_a opinion_n for_o certain_a and_o the_o second_o for_o probable_a and_o because_o that_o according_a to_o the_o version_n of_o the_o holy_a scripture_n call_v the_o vulgar_a it_o will_v of_o necessity_n follow_v that_o fohi_n and_o yao_n must_v have_v be_v bear_v and_o reign_v before_o the_o deluge_n therefore_o we_o be_v force_v in_o this_o country_n to_o follow_v the_o version_n of_o the_o seventy_o which_o be_v grant_v the_o history_n of_o this_o empire_n seem_v very_o probable_a well_o trace_v and_o conformable_a not_o only_o to_o the_o egyptian_a assyrian_a greek_a and_o roman_a history_n but_o which_o be_v yet_o far_o more_o surprise_v to_o the_o chronology_n of_o sacred_a scripture_n according_a to_o the_o second_o opinion_n then_o which_o be_v most_o probable_a from_o king_n tohi_n who_o begin_v to_o reign_v about_o two_o hundred_o year_n after_o the_o deluge_n to_o the_o emperor_n cam_n he_o who_o reign_v in_o the_o year_n 1668._o there_o have_v be_v two_o hundred_o thirty_o six_o king_n divide_v into_o twenty_o two_o sidifferent_a family_n who_o have_v govern_v this_o empire_n for_o the_o space_n of_o four_o thousand_o five_o hundred_o thirty_o four_o year_n which_o family_n endure_v for_o a_o long_o or_o lesser_a time_n according_a as_o they_o govern_v well_o or_o ill_o and_o till_o another_o revolt_a put_v the_o king_n to_o death_n rout_v out_o all_o the_o prince_n of_o his_o family_n and_o all_o the_o nobility_n which_o he_o have_v raise_v and_o make_v himself_o master_n of_o the_o empire_n at_o the_o beginning_n these_o rebel_n be_v either_o petty_a king_n or_o great_a lord_n but_o afterward_o they_o happen_v to_o be_v man_n of_o low_a birth_n and_o mean_a condition_n the_o first_o king_n of_o the_o precede_a family_n be_v a_o person_n of_o very_a obscure_a parentage_n who_o name_n be_v chum_n he_o be_v a_o long_a time_n a_o servant_n among_o the_o priest_n of_o the_o idol_n after_o which_o he_o betake_v himself_o to_o be_v a_o robber_n upon_o the_o highway_n afterward_o be_v banish_v he_o put_v himself_o at_o the_o head_n of_o certain_a free_a booter_n and_o after_o a_o great_a deal_n of_o prosperous_a success_n make_v himself_o master_n of_o the_o empire_n at_o his_o coronation_n he_o call_v himself_o hum_n vu_fw-fr or_o the_o valiant_a and_o warlike_a but_o then_o the_o learned_a flatterer_n advance_v his_o title_n and_o call_v he_o tai_n mim_n which_o signify_v a_o reign_n of_o great_a luster_n his_o posterity_n reign_v in_o china_n two_o hundred_o seventy_o six_o year_n and_o till_o the_o year_n 1643_o that_o the_o tartar_n make_v themselves_o master_n of_o the_o empire_n and_o destroy_v the_o royal_a family_n all_o those_o that_o revolt_v pretend_v that_o it_o be_v by_o the_o decree_n of_o heaven_n that_o send_v they_o to_o ease_v the_o people_n oppress_v by_o the_o tyranny_n of_o their_o governor_n and_o this_o opinion_n or_o rather_o vision_n find_v so_o much_o credit_n in_o the_o priest_n of_o the_o chinese_n and_o be_v so_o deep_o root_v in_o their_o mind_n as_o if_o it_o be_v one_o of_o the_o great_a truth_n in_o the_o world_n insomuch_o that_o there_o be_v hardly_o one_o among_o they_o that_o do_v not_o hope_n to_o be_v a_o emperor_n at_o one_o time_n or_o other_o and_o this_o be_v the_o reason_n of_o those_o frequent_a revolt_v which_o we_o find_v in_o this_o empire_n to_o day_n in_o one_o province_n to_o morrow_n in_o another_o nay_o many_o time_n only_o in_o one_o city_n or_o in_o one_o town_n many_o time_n you_o shall_v see_v a_o miserable_a wretch_n advance_v to_o be_v a_o king_n sometime_o by_o a_o troop_n of_o fifty_o bandity_n sometime_o by_o a_o hundred_o or_o two_o hundred_o peasant_n but_o more_o frequent_o by_o a_o certain_a sect_n of_o idolater_n who_o make_v a_o profession_n of_o create_v new_a king_n and_o establish_v a_o new_a government_n in_o the_o empire_n it_o be_v a_o wonderful_a thing_n to_o see_v the_o comedy_n or_o rather_o tragedy_n which_o be_v act_v every_o day_n upon_o the_o theatre_n of_o this_o empire_n for_o he_o that_o but_o to_o day_n be_v but_o a_o ignominious_a robber_n and_o under_o that_o notion_n both_o dread_v and_o hate_v let_v he_o but_o shift_v his_o habit_n and_o take_v upon_o he_o the_o crown_n the_o robe_n and_o ornament_n of_o a_o king_n and_o the_o same_o man_n to_o morrow_n shall_v be_v belove_v and_o respect_v by_o all_o the_o world_n and_o though_o he_o be_v know_v to_o be_v of_o vile_a and_o abject_a birth_n they_o shall_v present_o call_v he_o the_o son_n of_o heaven_n and_o lord_n of_o the_o universe_n for_o that_o the_o chinese_n as_o we_o have_v say_v call_v their_o kingdom_n tien_n hia_n that_o be_v to_o say_v all_o that_o which_o be_v under_o the_o heaven_n or_o su_n hai_fw-fr chinun_n that_o be_v to_o say_v all_o that_o be_v between_o the_o four_o sea_n title_n conformable_a to_o their_o pride_n and_o their_o ignorance_n and_o to_o their_o scorn_n of_o stranger_n so_o that_o it_o be_v the_o same_o thing_n among_o they_o to_o call_v a_o man_n master_n of_o all_o that_o be_v under_o the_o heaven_n or_o between_o the_o four_o sea_n as_o to_o call_v he_o king_n of_o china_n the_o chineses_n give_v their_o emperor_n several_a losty_a and_o magnificent_a title_n for_o example_n they_o call_v he_o tien_n hu_o son_n of_o heaven_n xim_o tien_n hu_o holy_a son_n of_o heaven_n hoam_o ti_o august_n and_o great_a emperor_n xim_o xoam_n holy_a emperor_n hoam_n xam_n august_n sovereign_a xim_o kium_n holy_a prince_n xim_o xam_n holy_a sovereignty_n que_fw-fr chu_n lord_n of_o the_o kingdom_n chaos_n tim_n palace_n royal_a van_n svi_fw-la ten_o thousand_o year_n with_o several_a other_o title_n full_a of_o grandeur_n and_o majesty_n which_o i_o omit_v for_o fear_v of_o be_v tedious_a so_o that_o it_o be_v the_o same_o thing_n to_o say_v son_n of_o heaven_n or_o ten_o thousand_o year_n or_o palace_n royal_a as_o to_o say_v king_n or_o emperor_n yet_o notwithstanding_o all_o these_o idle_a flattery_n this_o prince_n be_v far_o from_o be_v so_o vain_a as_o the_o king_n of_o monomotopa_fw-mi who_o believe_v it_o to_o be_v in_o his_o power_n to_o command_v the_o sun_n the_o moon_n and_o star_n or_o so_o ambitious_o politic_a as_o the_o king_n of_o siam_n who_o know_v by_o experience_n that_o the_o great_a river_n that_o cross_v his_o country_n overflow_v its_o bank_n every_o year_n at_o a_o certain_a season_n and_o that_o it_o return_v again_o by_o degree_n within_o a_o certain_a time_n march_v forth_o in_o great_a pomp_n out_o of_o his_o palace_n to_o command_v the_o water_n to_o retire_v and_o fall_v down_o into_o the_o sea._n for_o though_o the_o chineses_n give_v these_o great_a title_n to_o their_o king_n and_o though_o he_o suffer_v they_o yet_o neither_o he_o nor_o they_o at_o least_o the_o learned_a and_o more_o prudent_a sort_n be_v so_o
unprovided_a of_o reason_n as_o to_o believe_v he_o to_o be_v the_o real_a son_n of_o heaven_n but_o only_o that_o he_o be_v a_o adopt_a son_n who_o heaven_n have_v make_v choice_n of_o to_o be_v lord_n of_o the_o empire_n for_o the_o government_n and_o defence_n of_o the_o people_n nevertheless_o we_o can_v deny_v but_o that_o these_o title_n demonstrate_v not_o a_o little_a presumption_n in_o those_o that_o ascribe_v and_o in_o he_o that_o assume_v they_o but_o it_o be_v in_o some_o measure_n excusable_a in_o a_o pagan_a people_n and_o which_o inhabit_v a_o empire_n so_o spacious_a so_o puissant_a and_o so_o flourish_a so_o much_o the_o rather_o for_o that_o the_o king_n never_o make_v use_v of_o they_o when_o he_o speak_v of_o himself_o for_o in_o private_a he_o only_o use_v the_o word_n ngo_n or_o i_o and_o which_o be_v common_a to_o all_o his_o subject_n and_o when_o he_o speak_v in_o public_a seat_v upon_o his_o throne_n he_o use_v the_o word_n chin_n which_o signify_v the_o same_o only_o with_o this_o difference_n that_o no_o other_o person_n but_o himself_o can_v make_v use_n of_o it_o wherein_o he_o be_v more_o modest_a than_o many_o of_o our_o prince_n who_o be_v continual_o swell_v out_o the_o catalogue_n of_o their_o affect_a title_n with_o new_a addition_n the_o most_o part_n of_o sovereign_a prince_n create_v duke_n marquess_n and_o other_o great_a lord_n as_o well_o as_o the_o emperor_n of_o china_n but_o he_o outvie_v they_o in_o this_o that_o of_o late_a day_n he_o take_v upon_o he_o a_o power_n of_o make_v god_n and_o idol_n it_o be_v former_o a_o custom_n in_o this_o empire_n that_o when_o the_o king_n be_v desirous_a to_o recompense_v the_o merit_n of_o any_o illustrious_a person_n for_o the_o great_a service_n which_o he_o have_v do_v the_o kingdom_n he_o build_v he_o up_o after_o his_o death_n a_o magnificent_a palace_n where_o his_o name_n be_v usual_o set_v up_o engrave_v in_o gold_n with_o title_n and_o encomium_n proportionable_a to_o his_o merit_n for_o example_n somewhat_o above_o a_o thousand_o year_n ago_o there_o be_v in_o china_n a_o most_o renown_a captain_n who_o for_o several_a year_n defend_v the_o empire_n and_o the_o people_n and_o restore_v the_o king_n and_o kingdom_n to_o its_o ancient_a lustre_n after_o he_o have_v win_v several_a famous_a victory_n with_o vast_a labour_n and_o toil_n with_o great_a expense_n of_o blood_n and_o at_o length_n the_o loss_n of_o his_o own_o blood_n while_o brave_o fight_v against_o the_o rebel_n of_o his_o king_n and_o country_n therefore_o in_o acknowledgement_n of_o so_o much_o fidelity_n and_o so_o many_o heroic_a action_n the_o emperor_n resolve_v after_o his_o death_n to_o keep_v up_o that_o honour_n which_o he_o have_v so_o well_o preserve_v in_o his_o life-time_n to_o which_o purpose_n he_o build_v he_o a_o magnificent_a temple_n wherein_o he_o put_v his_o statue_n and_o declare_v he_o emperor_n of_o all_o china_n this_o valiant_a captain_n and_o several_a other_o of_o equal_a virtue_n be_v now_o adore_v as_o pagod_n or_o deity_n by_o the_o king_n and_o all_o the_o chinese_n who_o forget_v that_o the_o intention_n of_o their_o ancestor_n be_v only_o to_o honour_v virtuous_a person_n and_o to_o excite_v and_o encourage_v other_o by_o their_o example_n to_o be_v valiant_a and_o faithful_a lose_v by_o degree_n the_o knowledge_n of_o what_o they_o former_o have_v obtain_v that_o there_o be_v but_o one_o only_a god_n and_o plunge_v themselves_o headlong_o into_o idolatry_n at_o present_v the_o king_n assume_v to_o themselves_o a_o privilege_n to_o deisie_n who_o they_o please_v as_o it_o be_v ancient_o the_o custom_n of_o the_o senate_n of_o rome_n of_o which_o i_o shall_v here_o produce_v two_o instance_n that_o merit_v observation_n when_o father_n matthew_n ricci_n first_o enter_v into_o china_n it_o be_v govern_v by_o the_o emperor_n van_fw-mi lie_v who_o reign_n which_o last_v eight_o and_o forty_o year_n be_v no_o less_o happy_a for_o the_o kingdom_n which_o he_o all_o along_o maintain_v in_o peace_n and_o plenty_n than_o he_o himself_o be_v unfortunate_a in_o the_o government_n of_o his_o family_n for_o he_o make_v choice_n for_o tutor_n to_o the_o prince_n who_o be_v heir_n to_o the_o crown_n of_o a_o colao_n or_o counsellor_n of_o state_n a_o person_n of_o great_a policy_n and_o great_a learning_n who_o name_n be_v châ—…_n kâ—…_n cheâ—…_n this_o person_n abuse_v the_o easy_a freedom_n which_o he_o have_v of_o enter_v into_o the_o palace_n which_o his_o great_a reputation_n and_o dignity_n allow_v he_o insinuate_v himself_o into_o that_o familiarity_n with_o the_o emperor_n mother_n that_o she_o abandon_v herself_o entire_o to_o the_o lust_n of_o that_o great_a officer_n which_o when_o the_o emperor_n come_v to_o understand_v he_o forthwith_o put_v he_o to_o death_n as_o for_o the_o lady_n she_o lay_v deep_o to_o heart_n the_o asfront_n and_o death_n of_o the_o colao_n and_o fear_v the_o same_o destiny_n herself_o within_o a_o few_o day_n fall_v sick_a and_o die_v but_o then_o the_o emperor_n in_o some_o measure_n to_o repair_v the_o reputation_n of_o his_o mother_n by_o give_v her_o honour_n more_o than_o ordinary_a solemn_o declare_v that_o she_o be_v kieu_n lien_n pu_fw-fr sa_fw-fr that_o be_v to_o say_v a_o goddess_n of_o nine_o flower_n and_o erect_v her_o temple_n over_o the_o whole_a empire_n where_o she_o be_v adore_v under_o this_o title_n as_o the_o courtesan_n flora_n be_v honour_v among_o the_o roman_n for_o the_o goddess_n of_o flower_n after_o the_o death_n of_o this_o colao_n the_o mandarin_n advise_v the_o emperor_n to_o burn_v the_o commentary_n which_o he_o have_v make_v upon_o the_o book_n compose_v by_o cu_z sum_z sius_fw-la but_o he_o answer_v they_o with_o his_o wont_a prudence_n that_o he_o only_o punish_v his_o evil_a deed_n and_o not_o the_o good_a work_n which_o he_o have_v make_v for_o the_o instruction_n of_o the_o prince_n and_o the_o whole_a empire_n in_o short_a that_o commentary_n be_v the_o most_o excellent_a piece_n which_o the_o chineses_n have_v upon_o that_o subject_a it_o be_v full_a of_o moral_a discourse_n well_o handle_v full_a of_o solid_a maxim_n and_o argument_n and_o of_o clear_a and_o true_a decision_n of_o many_o difficult_a controversy_n and_o for_o those_o reason_n it_o be_v a_o book_n which_o our_o father_n who_o have_v acquire_v the_o knowledge_n of_o the_o language_n study_v very_o much_o it_o be_v about_o four_o hundred_o year_n ago_o that_o a_o bonze_a of_o the_o sect_n of_o those_o that_o never_o shave_v their_o head_n yet_o marry_o by_o the_o chineses_n call_v tao_n su_n so_o insinuate_v himself_o into_o the_o affection_n of_o the_o prince_n then_o reign_v by_o mean_n of_o his_o skill_n in_o chemistry_n and_o after_o that_o by_o his_o magic_a art_n and_o other_o diabolical_a invention_n that_o he_o not_o only_o esteem_v he_o as_o one_o that_o be_v more_o than_o a_o man_n during_o his_o life_n but_o also_o after_o his_o death_n declare_v he_o god_n and_o lord_n of_o heaven_n of_o the_o sun_n the_o moon_n and_o star_n by_o these_o two_o example_n it_o be_v evident_a how_o great_a the_o ignorance_n of_o the_o people_n be_v to_o believe_v that_o the_o emperor_n have_v a_o power_n to_o make_v a_o almighty_a god_n of_o a_o feeble_a miserable_a man_n and_o to_o what_o a_o excess_n the_o flattery_n of_o the_o learned_a extend_v itself_o who_o not_o only_o approve_v but_o persuade_v the_o king_n to_o action_n so_o contrary_a to_o all_o manner_n of_o reason_n which_o give_v we_o a_o opportunity_n to_o convince_v they_o with_o the_o great_a ease_n in_o the_o world_n by_o this_o dilemma_n either_o the_o king_n be_v more_o powerful_a than_o this_o pagod_n or_o this_o deity_n or_o this_o pagod_n be_v more_o powerful_a than_o the_o king._n if_o they_o say_v that_o the_o king_n be_v more_o powerful_a how_o come_v it_o then_o to_o pass_v say_v we_o that_o the_o king_n throw_v himself_o upon_o his_o knee_n before_o the_o pagod_n and_o adore_v he_o by_o bow_v his_o head_n to_o the_o earth_n why_o do_v he_o offer_v he_o incense_n why_o do_v he_o implore_v of_o he_o long_o life_n for_o himself_o and_o peace_n for_o his_o kingdom_n with_o several_a other_o blessing_n iâ—…_n they_o say_v as_o usualthey_v do_v that_o the_o pagod_n be_v more_o powerful_a than_o we_o answer_v they_o thus_o this_o power_n can_v proceed_v from_o any_o other_o reason_n but_o only_o that_o he_o be_v a_o pagod_n now_o it_o be_v the_o king_n that_o make_v the_o pagod_n and_o therefore_o the_o king_n be_v more_o powerful_a than_o he._n and_o to_o let_v they_o see_v that_o the_o pagod_n have_v no_o power_n we_o ask_v they_o whether_o the_o king_n can_v grant_v they_o long_a life_n health_n child_n etc._n etc._n they_o answer_v that_o he_o be_v so_o far_o from_o be_v
taste_v fruit_n about_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o repast_n he_o send_v we_o another_o plate_n of_o gold_n wherein_o be_v twenty_o apple_n of_o the_o large_a and_o best_a in_o the_o kingdom_n call_v by_o the_o name_n of_o pin_n quo_fw-la at_o the_o end_n of_o the_o feast_n he_o send_v we_o another_o plate_n full_a of_o pear_n and_o those_o apple_n of_o gold_n of_o which_o we_o have_v speak_v in_o another_o place_n the_o favour_n which_o the_o emperor_n do_v we_o at_o that_o time_n seem_v to_o we_o surprise_o extraordinary_a as_o it_o do_v to_o all_o those_o that_o hear_v the_o relation_n of_o it_o but_o it_o be_v no_o more_o than_o what_o be_v usual_a to_o all_o the_o rest_n that_o be_v invite_v in_o regard_n they_o be_v feast_v by_o the_o king_n in_o the_o same_o manner_n every_o day_n not_o but_o that_o at_o other_o time_n upon_o certain_a occasion_n of_o public_a rejoice_v he_o treat_v much_o more_o magnificent_o all_o the_o great_a lord_n and_o mandarin_n of_o the_o court_n which_o be_v about_o five_o thousand_o by_o which_o the_o reader_n may_v ready_o conjecture_v at_o the_o grandeur_n and_o puissance_n of_o this_o emperor_n and_o that_o the_o abundance_n of_o provision_n which_o be_v bring_v continual_o to_o the_o court_n be_v far_o beyond_o the_o relation_n which_o i_o have_v make_v note_n upon_o the_o sixteen_o chapter_n father_n magaillans_n have_v already_o speak_v of_o the_o three_o opinion_n of_o the_o chineses_n 250._o concern_v the_o antiquity_n of_o china_n and_o i_o make_v no_o question_n but_o that_o if_o he_o have_v live_v to_o finish_v this_o work_n he_o will_v have_v put_v all_o that_o he_o say_v of_o it_o in_o the_o same_o chapter_n however_o i_o do_v not_o think_v it_o proper_a for_o i_o to_o pare_v off_o any_o thing_n from_o this_o chapter_n as_o well_o for_o that_o i_o will_v not_o make_v a_o alteration_n so_o considerable_a as_o for_o that_o the_o author_n have_v insert_v several_a new_a and_o 〈◊〉_d circumstance_n and_o for_o that_o the_o matter_n be_v also_o of_o great_a moment_n beside_o that_o this_o chapter_n be_v compose_v in_o the_o year_n 1669._o serve_v for_o a_o confirmation_n of_o the_o three_o which_o f._n magaillans_n have_v write_v in_o the_o year_n before_o as_o may_v be_v see_v by_o the_o difference_n of_o the_o date_n which_o he_o set_v down_o in_o this_o work._n chap._n xvii_o a_o desoription_n of_o the_o city_n of_o pe_n kim_n of_o the_o wall_n that_o enclose_v the_o emperor_n palace_n and_o the_o form_n of_o the_o principal_a house_n of_o china_n the_o city_n or_o court_n of_o pe_n kim_n be_v seat_v in_o a_o plain_n it_o form_v a_o vast_a square_n each_o of_o the_o side_n of_o which_o be_v twelve_o chinese_n furlong_n in_o length_n which_o make_v about_o three_o italian_a mile_n or_o near_o a_o portugal_n league_n it_o have_v nine_o gate_n three_o upon_o the_o south_n side_n and_o two_o upon_o each_o of_o the_o other_o side_n not_o twelve_o gate_n according_a to_o the_o relation_n of_o f._n martini_n in_o his_o atlas_n p._n 29._o wherein_o he_o seem_v to_o have_v follow_v m._n polo_n l._n 2._o c._n 7._o this_o city_n be_v now_o inhabit_v by_o the_o tartar_n and_o their_o troop_n divide_v into_o eight_o quarter_n or_o banner_n as_o they_o call_v call_v they_o but_o in_o regard_n that_o under_o the_o precede_a king_n the_o inhabitant_n be_v so_o multiply_v that_o the_o capital_a be_v not_o sufficient_a to_o contain_v they_o nor_o the_o nine_o suburb_n answer_v to_o the_o nine_o gate_n which_o if_o they_o be_v not_o every_o one_o a_o great_a city_n be_v at_o least_o as_o big_a as_o many_o great_a borough_n there_o be_v a_o new_a city_n build_v of_o a_o square_a form_n like_o the_o old_a one_o of_o which_o each_o of_o the_o side_n be_v six_o chinese_n furlong_n or_o a_o italian_a mile_n and_o a_o half_a in_o length_n have_v the_o north_n side_n join_v to_o the_o south_n side_n of_o the_o old_a city_n it_o have_v seven_o gate_n and_o every_o one_o a_o suburb_n well_o people_v more_o especial_o that_o which_o look_v towards_o the_o west_n for_o that_o be_v the_o side_n where_o all_o that_o come_v from_o all_o part_n of_o the_o empire_n enter_v into_o the_o capital_a city_n both_o the_o one_o and_o the_o other_o city_n be_v divide_v into_o five_o quarter_n or_o jurisdiction_n as_o we_o have_v say_v in_o the_o fourteen_o chapter_n the_o principal_a street_n some_o run_v from_o the_o north_n to_o the_o south_n other_o from_o the_o east_n to_o the_o west_n but_o they_o be_v all_o so_o straight_o so_o long_o so_o broad_a and_o so_o well_o proportion_v that_o it_o be_v easy_a to_o see_v they_o be_v mark_v out_o with_o a_o line_n and_o not_o build_v by_o hap_n hazard_n as_o in_o our_o city_n of_o europe_n the_o little_a street_n run_v all_o from_o the_o east_n to_o the_o west_n and_o divide_v all_o the_o space_n between_o the_o great_a street_n into_o equal_a and_o proportionable_a island_n both_o the_o one_o and_o the_o other_o be_v know_v by_o their_o particular_a name_n as_o the_o street_n of_o the_o king_n kindred_n the_o white_a tower-street_n the_o iron_n lyons-street_n the_o fish-street_n the_o aquavity-street_n and_o so_o of_o the_o rest_n there_o be_v a_o book_n to_o be_v sell_v that_o speak_v of_o the_o name_n and_o situation_n of_o the_o street_n which_o serve_v for_o the_o use_n of_o the_o lackey_n that_o attend_v upon_o the_o mandarin_n in_o their_o visit_n and_o to_o their_o tribunal_n and_o carry_v their_o present_n their_o letter_n and_o their_o order_n to_o several_a part_n of_o the_o city_n and_o empire_n for_o they_o be_v continual_o send_v a_o great_a number_n all_o over_o the_o kingdom_n whence_o come_v that_o proverb_n so_o often_o in_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o chinese_n that_o the_o province_n send_v mandarin_n to_o pe_n kim_n and_o pe_n kim_n in_o exchange_n send_v they_o none_o but_o lackey_n and_o messenger_n and_o indeed_o it_o be_v a_o rare_a thing_n to_o meet_v with_o a_o mandarin_n who_o be_v a_o native_a of_o that_o city_n the_o fair_a of_o all_o the_o street_n be_v that_o which_o be_v call_v cham_n begin_v kiai_fw-mi or_o the_o street_n of_o perpetual_a repose_n it_o run_v from_o east_n to_o west_n bound_v on_o the_o north_n side_n by_o the_o wall_n of_o the_o king_n palace_n and_o upon_o the_o south_n side_n by_o several_a tribunal_n and_o palace_n of_o great_a lord_n it_o be_v so_o spacious_a that_o it_o be_v about_o thirty_o fathom_n broad_a and_o so_o famous_o know_v that_o the_o learned_a in_o their_o write_n make_v use_v of_o it_o to_o signify_v the_o whole_a city_n take_v a_o part_n for_o the_o whole_a for_o it_o be_v the_o same_o thing_n to_o say_v such_o a_o one_o life_n in_o the_o street_n of_o perpetual_a repose_n as_o to_o say_v he_o live_v at_o pe_n kim_n if_o the_o house_n be_v but_o high_a and_o build_v to_o the_o street_n like_o we_o the_o city_n will_v show_v much_o more_o stately_a but_o they_o be_v all_o low_a building_n to_o show_v the_o respect_n which_o they_o have_v to_o the_o king_n palace_n yet_o there_o be_v some_o palace_n that_o belong_v to_o the_o great_a lord_n which_o be_v lofty_a and_o magnificent_a but_o they_o be_v build_v backward_o so_o that_o you_o see_v nothing_o to_o the_o street_n but_o a_o great_a gate_n which_o have_v house_n on_o each_o side_n inhabit_v by_o their_o domestic_n or_o by_o merchant_n and_o handycraft_n tradesman_n however_o this_o be_v very_o convenient_a for_o public_a convenience_n for_o in_o our_o city_n a_o great_a part_n of_o the_o street_n be_v take_v up_o by_o house_n of_o noble_a man_n so_o that_o the_o inhabitant_n be_v force_v to_o go_v a_o great_a way_n to_o market_n whereas_o at_o pe_n kim_n and_o in_o all_o the_o other_o city_n of_o china_n there_o be_v every_o thing_n to_o be_v sell_v at_o your_o door_n for_o entertainment_n subsistence_n or_o pleasure_n for_o these_o little_a house_n be_v as_o so_o many_o magazine_n or_o market_n shop_n and_o tavern_n but_o for_o the_o multitude_n of_o people_n so_o numerous_a it_o be_v that_o i_o dare_v not_o presume_v to_o utter_v it_o nor_o do_v i_o know_v how_o to_o make_v it_o understand_v all_o the_o street_n both_o of_o the_o old_a and_o new_a city_n be_v crowd_v with_o people_n as_o well_o the_o small_a street_n as_o the_o great_a as_o well_o those_o at_o the_o far_a end_n as_o those_o in_o the_o hart_n of_o the_o place_n the_o throng_n be_v every_o where_o so_o great_a that_o there_o be_v nothing_o to_o compare_v with_o it_o but_o the_o fair_n and_o procession_n of_o europe_n the_o emperor_n palace_n be_v seat_v in_o the_o midst_n of_o this_o great_a city_n and_o front_n towards_o the_o south_n according_a to_o the_o custom_n of_o that_o empire_n where_o you_o
hang_v down_o on_o both_o side_n the_o rest_n of_o the_o wall_n be_v cover_v with_o square_a tile_n green_a yellow_a and_o blue_a which_o be_v so_o range_v as_o to_o represent_v beast_n flower_n and_o horn_n in_o abundance_n this_o be_v suppose_v the_o palace_n take_v up_o the_o space_n or_o part_n in_o the_o middle_n and_o the_o other_o part_n be_v for_o the_o collateral_a palace_n which_o we_o be_v go_v to_o describe_v and_o by_o consequence_n stand_v within_o the_o innermost_a enclosure_n the_o first_o be_v call_v venus_n ho_o tien_n or_o the_o palace_n of_o flourish_a learning_n it_o serve_v the_o king_n for_o two_o uses_n first_o for_o his_o retirement_n when_o he_o have_v a_o mind_n to_o discourse_v of_o science_n or_o any_o important_a affair_n of_o the_o empire_n second_o for_o his_o more_o strict_a observance_n of_o the_o fast_n that_o be_v most_o usual_a among_o the_o chinese_n which_o they_o observe_v four_o time_n a_o year_n and_o be_v general_o answerable_a to_o our_o four_o season_n for_o when_o they_o design_v to_o perform_v their_o solemn_a sacrifice_n they_o fast_o the_o three_o precede_a day_n and_o last_o when_o they_o will_v implore_v the_o favour_n and_o mercy_n of_o heaven_n in_o any_o public_a calamity_n as_o in_o the_o time_n of_o famine_n pestilence_n earthquake_n or_o extraordinary_a inundation_n during_o these_o day_n the_o mandarin_n live_v apart_o from_o their_o wife_n and_o remain_z day_n and_o night_n in_o their_o tribunal_n never_o eat_v any_o flesh_n nor_o drink_v wine_n nor_o discourse_n of_o any_o business_n especial_o in_o criminal_a matter_n the_o emperor_n also_o keep_v himself_o solitary_a in_o his_o palace_n upon_o the_o east_n side_n of_o the_o supreme_a imperial_a hall._n the_o second_o palace_n be_v just_a over_o against_o the_o former_a on_o the_o west_n side_n of_o the_o same_o imperial_a hall_n and_o be_v call_v vu_z in_o tien_n or_o the_o palace_n of_o the_o council_n of_o war._n thither_o the_o king_n retire_v to_o consultation_n when_o the_o kingdom_n be_v alarm_v by_o any_o revolt_n or_o by_o pirate_n or_o the_o inroad_n of_o the_o tartar_n upon_o the_o frontier_n these_o two_o palace_n have_v every_o one_o four_o apartment_n with_o their_o court_n and_o a_o royal_a hall_n in_o the_o middle_n with_o stair_n and_o a_o open_a walk_n or_o gallery_n round_o about_o of_o white_a marble_n wrought_v after_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o be_v those_o of_o the_o principal_a palace_n but_o much_o less_o the_o court_n be_v garnish_v on_o each_o side_n with_o hall_n and_o chamber_n the_o architecture_n of_o which_o be_v very_o exquisite_a and_o paint_v within_o side_n with_o vermillion_a varnish_n intermix_v with_o gold_n and_o azure_a and_o what_o we_o say_v of_o these_o two_o palace_n be_v to_o be_v understand_v likewise_o of_o those_o that_o follow_v the_o three_o or_o second_o on_o the_o east_n side_n be_v call_v tum_o sien_a tien_n or_o the_o palace_n where_o honour_n be_v pay_v to_o the_o decease_a king_n of_o the_o royal_a family_n that_o actual_o reign_v those_o king_n be_v seat_v upon_o their_o royal_a throne_n in_o a_o magnificent_a hall_n adorn_v with_o stair_n and_o gallery_n and_o all_o other_o convenience_n like_o the_o rest_n before_o mention_v their_o image_n be_v make_v of_o eagle-wood_n saunders_n or_o some_o other_o odoriferous_a and_o precious_a wood_n and_o adorn_v with_o sumptuous_a habit_n before_o the_o image_n be_v place_v sumptuous_a table_n with_o candlestick_n chafer_n and_o other_o costly_a ornament_n and_o upon_o the_o day_n of_o the_o ceremony_n there_o be_v a_o offer_v make_v they_o of_o several_a table_n cover_v with_o a_o great_a quantity_n of_o exquisite_a viand_n the_o four_o palace_n or_o second_o on_o the_o west_n side_n be_v call_v gin_fw-mi chi_fw-mi tien_n or_o the_o palace_n of_o mercy_n and_o prudence_n so_o soon_o as_o the_o king_n be_v dead_a they_o set_v he_o in_o a_o rich_a chair_n which_o be_v ready_o prepare_v and_o which_o sixteen_o eunuch_n carry_v into_o the_o middle_a of_o the_o royal_a hall_n of_o this_o palace_n where_o there_o be_v a_o estrade_n and_o a_o rich_a bed_n upon_o which_o they_o lie_v the_o body_n soon_o after_o with_o a_o world_n of_o ceremony_n and_o funeral_n music_n they_o put_v he_o into_o a_o coffin_n which_o cost_v no_o less_o than_o two_o or_o three_o thousand_o crown_n it_o be_v make_v of_o a_o certain_a wood_n that_o grow_v in_o the_o province_n of_o sum_n chuen_fw-ge call_v come_v cio_o mo_z or_o peacock-wood_n in_o regard_n the_o line_n and_o vein_n of_o it_o form_n certain_a figure_n that_o represent_v the_o eye_n in_o a_o peacock_n tail._n the_o chineses_n affirm_v that_o this_o wood_n which_o be_v certain_o very_o curious_a and_o precious_a preserve_v dead_a body_n from_o corrupt_a for_o many_o year_n afterward_o the_o funeral_n pomp_n be_v perform_v in_o this_o palace_n with_o so_o many_o ceremony_n and_o with_o so_o much_o cost_n that_o it_o will_v be_v the_o subject_a of_o a_o long_a and_o curious_a relation_n the_o chineses_n after_o they_o have_v stop_v up_o all_o the_o seam_n and_o jointure_n of_o the_o coffin_n with_o bitumen_n to_o prevent_v the_o exhalation_n of_o any_o offensive_a smell_n usual_o leave_v the_o body_n for_o several_a month_n and_o sometime_o for_o several_a year_n in_o the_o same_o place_n especial_o if_o it_o be_v the_o corpse_n of_o a_o father_n or_o mother_n for_o who_o they_o wear_v mourn_v for_o three_o year_n because_o say_v they_o they_o can_v endure_v to_o part_v with_o they_o as_o for_o the_o king_n after_o the_o funeral_n obsequy_n be_v perform_v with_o a_o magnificence_n incredible_a and_o befit_v so_o great_a a_o monarch_n they_o carry_v he_o to_o be_v inter_v in_o the_o imperial_a wood._n for_o so_o they_o call_v the_o place_n where_o the_o royal_a sepulcher_n be_v of_o which_o i_o shall_v say_v no_o more_o but_o that_o the_o grandeur_n of_o it_o the_o palace_n the_o wealth_n and_o ornament_n that_o belong_v to_o it_o the_o wall_n that_o environ_v it_o the_o mandarin_n and_o other_o servant_n that_o be_v employ_v in_o continual_a attendance_n and_o the_o soldier_n that_o guard_v it_o will_v well_o deserve_v a_o particular_a relation_n the_o five_o palace_n or_o three_o on_o the_o east_n side_n be_v call_v tsu_n he_o cum_n or_o the_o palace_n of_o compassion_n and_o joy._n here_o the_o prince_n who_o be_v heir_n to_o the_o empire_n keep_v his_o court_n till_o the_o death_n of_o his_o father_n the_o six_o and_o three_o on_o the_o west_n side_n be_v call_v kim_n ho_o cum_fw-la or_o the_o palace_n of_o union_n and_o flourish_a this_o be_v the_o residence_n of_o the_o second_o and_o three_o son_n of_o the_o emperor_n before_o they_o be_v marry_v for_o when_o they_o be_v marry_v they_o be_v usual_o send_v to_o the_o capital_a or_o some_o other_o principal_a city_n of_o the_o province_n where_o they_o have_v palace_n build_v to_o receive_v they_o of_o a_o astonish_a magnificence_n i_o have_v see_v three_o several_a time_n myself_o the_o first_o in_o the_o city_n of_o vu_fw-fr chan_fw-mi capital_a of_o the_o province_n of_o hu_o cham_n the_o second_o in_o the_o city_n of_o chim_z tu_fw-la capital_a of_o the_o province_n of_o sucheven_n and_o the_o three_o in_o the_o city_n of_o ham_n chum_n a_o famous_a city_n in_o the_o province_n of_o xen_fw-mi si_fw-mi there_o be_v other_o in_o the_o city_n of_o simo_n begin_v capital_a of_o the_o say_a province_n of_o xen_fw-mi si_fw-mi in_o the_o city_n of_o pien_n leam_fw-la capital_a of_o the_o province_n of_o honan_n in_o kim_n cheu_o a_o considerable_a city_n in_o the_o province_n of_o hu_o quam_fw-la in_o kien_n cham_n a_o remarkable_a city_n in_o the_o province_n of_o kiam_fw-la si_fw-la in_o nam_n cham_n capital_a of_o the_o same_o province_n and_o in_o several_a other_o all_o these_o palace_n though_o much_o less_o than_o pe_n kim_n be_v very_o vast_a beautiful_a rich_a and_o magnificent_a they_o contain_v some_o ten_o some_o twelve_o some_o more_o apartment_n with_o separate_a palace_n on_o each_o side_n and_o a_o double_a enclosure_n of_o wall_n when_o the_o emperor_n send_v his_o second_o or_o three_o son_n to_o one_o of_o these_o palace_n he_o give_v he_o the_o title_n of_o king._n for_o example_n he_o give_v the_o title_n of_o cho_n vam_fw-la or_o king_n of_o cho_n to_o he_o who_o he_o send_v to_o the_o city_n of_o chim_z tu_fw-la metropolis_n of_o the_o province_n of_o sum_n chuen_fw-ge because_o this_o province_n be_v ancient_o call_v cho._n every_o one_o of_o these_o king_n have_v a_o thousand_o eunuch_n to_o serve_v and_o attend_v they_o to_o take_v care_n of_o their_o affair_n and_o receive_v their_o revenue_n but_o these_o king_n have_v nothing_o to_o do_v in_o the_o public_a affair_n of_o the_o province_n nevertheless_o the_o mandarin_n be_v oblige_v to_o come_v four_o time_n a_o year_n
or_o the_o palace_n of_o â—…en_n thousand_o sport_n and_o pleasure_n it_o stand_v by_o the_o lake_n on_o the_o north_n side_n for_o so_o we_o have_v place_v it_o according_a to_o our_o author_n description_n there_o the_o king_n repose_v when_o he_o go_v a_o fish_n or_o to_o take_v his_o pleasure_n by_o water_n q._n the_o seven_o palace_n call_v hu_o chim_z tien_n or_o the_o palace_n of_o the_o tiger_n wall_n there_o the_o king_n breed_v up_o wild_a beast_n of_o several_a sort_n and_o go_v to_o see_v they_o himself_o the_o situation_n of_o this_o place_n be_v not_o particular_o set_v down_o by_o our_o author_n i_o have_v place_v it_o in_o that_o part_n which_o i_o think_v to_o be_v the_o most_o spacious_a and_o most_o proper_a between_o the_o two_o wall_n r._n the_o eight_o palace_n call_v the_o mansion_n of_o fortress_n of_o the_o middle_a appoint_v for_o exercise_v the_o eunuch_n the_o situation_n be_v not_o mention_v by_o the_o author_n only_o he_o place_v it_o between_o the_o two_o enclosure_n as_o well_o as_o the_o other_o six_o s._n the_o first_o temple_n of_o the_o four_o most_o considerable_a in_o the_o palace_n it_o be_v call_v tai_n quam_fw-la mim_fw-mi or_o the_o palace_n of_o great_a light_n and_o dedicate_v to_o the_o bear-star_n it_o stand_v within_o the_o inner_a enclosure_n and_o i_o have_v place_v it_o on_o the_o left_a side_n as_o the_o most_o honourable_a place_n as_o be_v upon_o the_o left_a hand_n of_o the_o emperor_n t._n the_o second_o temple_n call_v tai_n cao_o tien_n or_o the_o temple_n of_o the_o most_o illustrious_a and_o sovereign_a emperor_n this_o temple_n be_v dedicate_v to_o that_o famous_a deify_v captain_n mention_v in_o the_o sixteen_o chapter_n who_o name_n i_o can_v never_o find_v nor_o the_o precise_a time_n of_o his_o death_n i_o have_v place_v the_o temple_n at_o a_o venture_n upon_o the_o west_n side_n of_o the_o lake_n because_o our_o author_n say_v no_o more_o but_o only_o that_o it_o stand_v between_o the_o two_o enclosure_n v._o the_o three_o temple_n call_v macala_n tien_n or_o the_o palace_n of_o the_o ox_n head_n but_o our_o author_n do_v not_o precise_o mark_v down_o the_o situation_n of_o it_o x._o the_o four_o temple_n lama_n tien_n the_o palace_n or_o temple_n belong_v to_o the_o lama_n it_o stand_v in_o the_o plane_n as_o our_o author_n place_n it_o in_o the_o middle_a of_o a_o rocky_a mountain_n make_v with_o hand_n like_o a_o sugar-loaf_n with_o a_o tower_n at_o the_o top._n y._n twenty_o four_o palace_n for_o the_o mandarin_n high_a steward_n of_o the_o emperor_n household_n i_o have_v place_v they_o on_o the_o east_n side_n between_o the_o two_o enclosure_n where_o our_o author_n place_n they_o who_o make_v no_o particular_a description_n of_o they_o no_o more_o than_o he_o do_v of_o the_o other_o edifice_n as_o house_n of_o pleasure_n library_n magazine_n office_n stable_n etc._n etc._n which_o make_v the_o curious_a more_o desirous_a of_o complete_a description_n and_o more_o perfect_a draught_n chap._n xxi_o of_o the_o emperor_n temple_n seat_v in_o pe_n kim_v and_o of_o the_o manner_n how_o the_o king_n go_v abroad_o to_o perform_v public_a duty_n beside_o the_o temple_n which_o stand_v in_o the_o palace_n the_o emperor_n have_v seven_o more_o in_o each_o of_o which_o he_o sacrifice_n once_o a_o year_n five_o in_o the_o new_a city_n and_o two_o in_o the_o old_a one_o the_o first_o of_o these_o be_v call_v tien_n tam_fw-la or_o the_o temple_n of_o heaven_n seat_v two_o chinese_n furlong_n from_o the_o principal_a gate_n of_o the_o city_n a_o little_a to_o the_o east_n and_o encompass_v with_o a_o round_a wall_n three_o furlong_n in_o compass_n one_o part_n of_o this_o area_n be_v take_v up_o with_o very_a beautiful_a building_n the_o rest_n with_o a_o green_a and_o very_o thick_a grove_n who_o tree_n be_v of_o a_o extraordinary_a height_n and_o render_v the_o place_n no_o less_o melancholy_a and_o gloomy_a to_o we_o than_o it_o seem_v devout_a and_o venerable_a to_o the_o insidel_n it_o have_v five_o door_n on_o the_o south_n side_n three_o in_o the_o middle_n like_o the_o palace_n which_o be_v never_o open_v but_o when_o the_o king_n come_v to_o sacrifice_v and_o two_o of_o each_o side_n always_o open_a for_o admittance_n of_o all_o that_o go_v to_o the_o temple_n on_o the_o south_n and_o north_n side_n there_o be_v seven_o separate_a apartment_n six_o of_o which_o be_v hall_n and_o portal_n as_o large_a and_o magnificent_a as_o those_o of_o the_o king_n palace_n the_o seven_o be_v a_o vast_a and_o high_a round_a hall_n which_o represent_v heaven_n support_v by_o fourscore_o and_o two_o column_n the_o whole_a paint_a within_o side_n with_o azure_a and_o gold_n and_o cover_v with_o tile_n varnshy_v with_o blue_a in_o this_o temple_n it_o be_v that_o the_o king_n sacrifice_n to_o heaven_n upon_o the_o day_n and_o at_o the_o very_a moment_n that_o the_o sun_n come_v to_o the_o winter_n solstice_n attend_v by_o all_o the_o great_a lord_n and_o mandarin_n of_o the_o court_n and_o as_o for_o the_o victim_n he_o offer_v they_o be_v ox_n hog_n goat_n and_o sheep_n great_a preparation_n be_v make_v for_o the_o performance_n of_o this_o ceremony_n which_o be_v very_o solemn_a and_o the_o solemnity_n carry_v on_o with_o no_o less_o respect_n and_o humility_n for_o then_o the_o emperor_n lay_v aside_o his_o gold_n his_o precious_a stone_n and_o yellow_a robe_n appear_v only_o decent_o habit_v in_o a_o plain_a of_o vestment_n of_o black_a or_o sky_n colour_n damask_n the_o second_o temple_n be_v call'g_v ti_fw-mi tam_fw-la or_o the_o temple_n of_o the_o earth_n it_o stand_v towards_o the_o west_n at_o a_o distance_n answerable_a to_o that_o of_o the_o first_o from_o which_o it_o differ_v nothing_o but_o only_o that_o it_o be_v cover_v with_o tile_n varnish_v with_o green_a when_o the_o king_n be_v crown_v before_o he_o take_v possession_n of_o the_o empire_n he_o go_v to_o this_o temple_n where_o he_o sacrifice_n to_o the_o god_n of_o the_o earth_n afterward_o he_o put_v on_o the_o habit_n of_o a_o ploughman_n and_o with_o two_o ox_n with_o guild_a horn_n and_o a_o plough_v varnish_v with_o vermilion_n and_o streak_n of_o gold_n he_o set_v himself_o to_o plough_v a_o little_a piece_n of_o ground_n that_o lie_v within_o the_o enclosure_n of_o the_o temple_n while_o he_o be_v busy_a at_o his_o labour_n the_o queen_n with_o her_o lady_n in_o another_o part_n dress_v he_o a_o poor_a and_o homely_a dinner_n which_o she_o bring_v he_o and_o which_o they_o eat_v together_o the_o ancient_a chineses_n institute_v this_o ceremony_n to_o the_o end_v their_o king_n may_v remember_v that_o their_o revenue_n come_v from_o the_o labour_n and_o heat_n of_o the_o people_n brow_n and_o therefore_o aught_o to_o be_v employ_v in_o necessary_a expense_n and_o for_o the_o good_a of_o the_o kingdom_n not_o in_o useless_a building_n exorbitant_a sport_n and_o pleasure_n or_o superfluous_a riot_n to_o the_o north_n of_o these_o two_o temple_n stand_v three_o more_o distant_a two_o chinese_n furlong_n from_o the_o gate_n and_o from_o the_o wall_n on_o the_o north_n east_n and_o west_n side_n and_o which_o be_v altogether_o like_o the_o two_o former_a that_o on_o the_o north_n side_n be_v call_v pe_n tien_n tan_o or_o the_o north_n temple_n of_o heaven_n here_o the_o king_n sacrifice_n at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o summer_n solstice_n and_o at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o vernal_a equinox_n he_o sacrifice_n in_o the_o eastern_a temple_n call_v ge_n tam_fw-la or_o the_o temple_n of_o the_o sun_n and_o to_o the_o autumnal_a equinox_n in_o the_o western_a temple_n which_o be_v call_v you_o tamburlaine_n or_o the_o temple_n of_o the_o moon_n but_o before_o the_o performance_n of_o these_o sacrifice_n the_o king_n command_v a_o fast_a for_o three_o day_n to_o be_v observe_v in_o pe_n kim_v during_o which_o time_n they_o be_v forbid_v to_o eat_v either_o flesh_n or_o fish_n nor_o be_v the_o tribunal_n especial_o the_o criminal_a to_o do_v any_o business_n which_o somewhat_o resemble_v our_o fast_a of_o ember-week_n i_o ask_v a_o learned_a man_n one_o day_n what_o benefit_n they_o hope_v to_o obtain_v by_o these_o fast_n and_o sacrifice_n and_o how_o they_o dare_v affirm_v that_o their_o king_n nor_o queen_n ever_o sacrifice_v public_o to_o idol_n since_o the_o heaven_n the_o earth_n the_o sun_n and_o moon_n be_v all_o inanimate_a body_n that_o no_o way_n merit_v divine_a honour_n and_o sacrifice_n which_o belong_v only_o to_o god_n by_o who_o they_o be_v create_v to_o which_o he_o reply_v that_o the_o word_n heaven_n have_v two_o signification_n by_o the_o first_o be_v mean_v the_o material_a heaven_n call_v you_o he_o chi_fw-mi tien_n which_o be_v that_o which_o we_o see_v and_o of_o which_o we_o feel_v the_o