Council is seldom or never held without the presence of one of them at the least Their employment being of extraordinary trust and multiplicity renders them most considerable both in the eyes of the King upon whom they attend every day as occasion requires and of the Subjects also whose requests and desires are for the most part lodged in their hands to be presented to the King and always to make dispatches thereupon according to His Majesties Answers and Directions As for Forraign Affairs the Secretaries divide all the Kingdoms and Nations which have intercourse of business with the King of England into two grand Provinces whereof each Secretary taketh one to himself receiving all Letters and Addresses from and making all dispatches to the several Princes and States comprehended within his own Province But in all matters of home concern whether they relate to the Publick or to particular persons both the Secretaries do equally and indistinctly receive and dispatch whatsoever is brought to them be it for the Church the Militia or private Grants Pardons Dispensations c. They have this special Honour that if either of them be a Baron he taketh place and hath the precedence of all other persons of the same degree though otherwise by their Creation some of them might have right to precede him and a Knight in like manner if he hath no other qualification They have their several Lodgings appointed them in all the Kings Houses as well for their own Accommodation as for their Office and those that attend upon it They have also a very liberal Diet at the Kings charge or Board-wages in lieu of it To shew how considerable their place is their setled allowance from the King in Salary and Pension is little less than Two thousand pounds Sterling per annum to each of them The Secretaries and Clerks whom they imploy under them are wholly at their own choice and have no dependance upon any other power or person besides themselves They have the Custody of that Seal of the King which is properly called the Signet the use and application whereof gives denomination to an Office constantly attending the Court called the Signet Office wherein there are four Clerks who wait alternately by Months and prepare such things as are to pass the Signet in order to the Privy Seal or Great Seal The present Secretaries of State are Henry Lord Arlington whom for his eminent Services at home and abroad both in War and Peace His Majesty was pleased to advance into the place of Sir Edward Nicholas And Sir John Trevor who for his great abilities and succesful Negotiations had that Trust and Honour conferred upon him when Sir William Morice late Secretary of State was by His Majesties gracious consent permitted to retire from business Waiting on the Privy Council there are Four Clarks in Ordinary who waite by Months each one he that comes in is always a week before and a week after his Month to assist there Their Office is to read what is brought before the Council and draw up all such Orders as the King and Lords shall direct and cause them to be Registred They are these that follow Sir Richard Brown Sir Edward Walker Sir John Nicolas Sir Robert Southwel Salaries to each 250. l. besides Fees for Orders and Letters c. Beside the forenamed Officers there is a Keeper of the Records John Woolly Esq no Fee Two Keepers of the Council Chamber Fee to each 45 l. Thirty Messengers whereof Ten at a time by turns waite every Moneth Fee to each 45 l. These upon Occasion are sent by Warrant of the Lords of the Privy Council to fetch any Person under the Degree of a Baron and to keep him Prisoner in his House till farther order Attending on the Secretaries are the Clerks of the Signet or Little Seal which is always in the Custody of the Secretaries for sealing the Kings Private Letters and for all such Grants as pass His Majesties hands by Bill assigned Of these Clerks there are four Sir John Nicholas Knight of the Bath Sir Philip Warwick Knight Trumbal Esquire and Sidney Bear Esquire These have no Fee from the King but onely Dyet which at Pension is 200 l. yearly Their Office is in Whitehall they waite by Month each of them three Months in a year One of them alwayes attends the Court wheresoever it removes and by Warrant from the King or Secretaries of State or Lords of the Council prepare such Bills or Letters for the King to sign as not being matters of Law are by any Warrants directed to them to prepare In their Office all Grants either prepared by the Kings learned Council in the Law or by themselves for the Kings hand when signed are returned and there transcribed again and that transcription is carried to one of the Principal Secretaries of State and Sealed and then it is called a Signet which is directed to the Lord Privy Seal and is his Warrant for issuing out a Privy Seal upon it which is prepared by the Clerks of that Seal is sufficient for the payment of any Moneys out of the Exchequer and for several other uses but when the nature of the Grant requires the passing the Great Seal then the Privy Seal is an Authority to the Lord Keeper to pass the Great Seal as the Signet was to the Lord Privy Seal to affix that Seal to the Grant but in all three Offices viz. Signet Privy-Seal and Great-Seal the Grant is transcribed So all which passes from the King hath these several ways of being considered before perfected There are also four Clarks of the Privy Seal viz. the Lord Sandwich whose Interest for his life is in one Mr Watkins Mr Baron Master Bickerstaff and Mr. More of their Office is to be seen in Stat. 27. of Henry 8. worthy to be noted To this Office in time when the Court of Request is in being belongs the Sealing of all Commissions and other process out of that Court. Moreover depending on the Secretaries of State is an antient Office called the Paper-Office the Keeper whereof hath in his Charge all the publick Papers Writings Matters of State and Counsel all Letters Intelligences Negotiations of the Kings publick Ministers abroad and generally all the Papers and dispatches that pass through the Offices of the two Secretaries of State which are from time to time transmitted into this Office and here remain disposed by way of a Library within His Majesties Palace of Whitehall This considerable Officer hath a Fee of 160 l. per annum payable out of the Exchequer and is at present that very worthy person Joseph Williamson Doctor of Laws After the Kings most Honorable Privy Council that Primum mobile or rather that Resort or Spring may be considered the Great wheeles first moved by that Spring which are the Convocation for the Ecclesiastical Government and the Parliament for the Civil But for the better understanding of the Ecclesiastical Government it will be
England in some difficult cases were not wont to give Judgment until they had first consulted the King or his Privy Council Moreover the Lords and Commons assembled in Parliament have oft-times transmitted matters of high moment to the King and his Privy Council as by long experience and wisdom better able to judge of and by secrecy and expedition better able to transact some State Affairs then all the Lords and Commons together At present the King and his Privy Council take Cognisance of few matters that may well be determined by the known Laws and ordinary Courts of Justice but onely as aforesaid consult for the Publick Good Honour Defence Safety and Benefit of the Realm not medling with matters that concern Freeholds but matters of Appeal and sudden Emergencies The Lords of the Privy Council are as it were a part of the King incorporate with him and his Cares bearing upon their Shoulders that great weight that otherwise would lye wholly upon His Majesty wherefore of such high value and esteem they have always been that if a man did but strike in the House of a Privy Counsellor or elsewhere in his presence he was grievously Fined for the same and to conspire the death of any of them was made Felony in any of the Kings servants within the Check Roll and to kill one of them was High Treason A Privy Councellor though but a Gentleman shall have precedence of all Knights Baronets and younger Sons of all Barons and Viscounts The Substance of their Oath is That they shall according to their power and discretion Truly Justly and Evenly Counsel and Advise the King in all matters to be Treated in His Majesties Council that they shall keep secret the Kings Counsel c. By Force of this Oath and the Custom of the Kingdom of England a Privy Counsellor is made without any Patent or Grant and to continue onely during the Life of the King that makes him nor so long unless the King pleaseth Heretofore there hath been usually a Lord President of the Kings Privy Council a Dignity of so high Repute that by a Statute of Henry the Eight he is to take place in publick next to the Lord High Treasurer of England His Office was to speak first to business to report to His Majesty the Passages and State of businesses transacted at Council Table The last Lord President was the Earl of Manchester Father of the present Lord Chamberlaine To his Privy Councellors the King of England may declare or conceal from them whatsoever he alone judgeth fit and expedient qua in re saith the Excellent Sir Tho. Smith absolutissimum est hoc Regnum Angliae prae Venetorum Ducatu aut Lacedaemoniorum Principatu The King with the advice of his Privy Council doth publish Proclamations binding to the Subject provided that they are not contrary to Statute or Common Law In cases where the publick peace honour or profit of the Kingdom may be endangered for want of speedy redress there the King with his Privy Council usually make use of an absolute power if need be The Members of this most Honorable Council are such as his own free Will and meer Motion shall please to choose and are commonly men of the highest rank eminent for Estates Wisdom Courage Integrity c. And because there are few cases of moment so temporal but that they may some way relate to spiritual affairs therefore according to the general Rules of Policy and Government which God himself ordained amongst his chosen people the Jews the Privy Council as well as the great Council of Parliament is composed of Spiritual as well as Temporal persons some of the principal Bishops of England have in all times been chosen by His Majesty to be of his Privy Council The Lords of His Majesties Privy Council are at present these that follow His Royal Highness the Duke of York His Highness Prince Rupert Gilbert Lord-Archbishop of Canterbury Sir Orlando Bridgman Knight and Baronet Lord Keeper of the Great Seal John Lord Roberts Lord Privy Seal George Duke of Buckingham Mr. of the Horse to His Majesty James Duke of Monmouth James Duke of Ormond Lord Great Steward of His Majesties Houshold Henry Marquis of Dorchester Henry Earl of Ogle Thomas Earl of Ossory Robert Earl of Lindsey Lord Great Chamberlain of England Edward Earl of Manchester Lord Chamberlain of His Majesties Houshold· Awbrey Earl of Oxford John Earl of Bridgwater Robert Earl of Leceister Henry Earl of S. Albans Edward Earl of Sandwich Arthur Earl of Anglesey John Earl of Bath Groom of the Stole to His Majesty Charles Earl of Carlisle William Earl of Craven John Earl of Rothes His Majesties Commissioner in Scotland John Earl of Lotherdale Secretary of State in Scotland John Earl of Tweedale John Earl of Middleton Richard Earl of Carbury Lord President of Wales Roger Earl of Orrery Humphrey Lord Bishop of London Henry Lord Arlington one of His Majesties Principal Secretaries of State Francis Lord Newport Comptroler of His Majesties Houshold John Lord Berkley Lieutenant of Ireland Densel Lord Holles Anthony Lord Ashley Chancellor of the Exchequer Sir Thomas Clifford Knight Treasurer of His Majesties Houshold Sir George Carteret Knight Vice-Chamberlain to His Majesty Sir John Trevor Knight one of His Majesties Principal Secretaries of State Sir Thomas Ingram Knight Chancellor of the Dutchy Sir William Morice Knight Sir John Duncom Knight Sir Thomas Chicheley Knight Master of the Ordnance These are all to wait on his Majesty and at Council Board sit in their Order bare-headed when His Majesty presides At all Debates the lowest delivers his opinion first that so he may be the more free and the King last of all declares his Judgment and thereby determines the mater in Debate The Time and Place of holding this Council is wholly at the Kings pleasure but it is most commonly held in the morning on Wednesday and Friday out of Parliament time and Term time and in the Afternoon in time of Parliament and Term. A Council is seldom or never held without the Presence of one of the Secretaries of State of whose Office and Dignity much more considerable in England than in other Nations take here this brief Account The Kings of England had antiently but one Secretary of State until about the end of Henry the Eight his Reign it was thought fit that weighty and important Office should be discharged by two Persons both of equal authority and both stiled Principal Secretaries of State In those days and some while after they sate not at Council Board but having prepared their business in a Room adjoyning to the Council-Chamber they came in and stood on either hand of the King and nothing was debated at the Table until the Secretaries had gone through with their Proposals But Queen Elizabeth seldom coming to Council that Method was altered and the two Secretaries took their places as Privy Counsellors which Dignity they have retained and enjoyed ever since and a
expedient to premise somewhat of the Ecclesiastical persons in England IN the Government of the Church of England among the Ecclesiastical persons governing in the Englih Church is First the King of England who is as the Lawyers say Personae sacra mixta cum sacerdote The King is the supreme Bishop of England and at his Coronation by a solemn Consecration and Unction he becomes a Spiritual Person Sacred and Ecclesiastical for as he hath put upon him Corona Regni as an Embleme of his King-ship and power in Temporals so hath he Stola Sacerdotis commonly called Vestis Dalmatica as a Levitical Ephod to signify his Priesthood and power in Spirituals He is Supreme Governor in all Causes Ecclesiastical as well as Civil is Patron Paramount of all Ecelesiastical Benefices in England to whom the last Appeal in Ecclesiastical Affaires are made who alone hath power to nominate persons for all Bishopricks and chief Dignities as Deaneries and some Prebends in the Church c as more at large may be seen in the First part of the Present State of England Next to the King in the Church Government are the Bishops whereof two are called Primats Metropolitans or Archbishops that is chief Bishops the one of Canterbury the other of York each of which have besides their Peculiar Dioceses a Province consisting of several Dioceses and therein by Common Law a Prerogative of proving Wills and granting Administrations where the person dying had bona notabilia that is above 5 l. in Divers Dioceses or Jurisdictions Also by Grants of several Kings they have each one certain Priviledges Liberties and immunities in their own Estates Under these two Archbishops are 26 Bishopricks whereof 22 are reckoned in the Province of Canterbury and four in the Province of York So that there are besides the two Archbishops twenty four Bishops all which have the Title of Lords by reason of their Baronies annext to their Bishopricks and have precedence of all other Barons both in Parliament and other Assemblies amongst these precedes always the Bishop of London who by antient right is accounted Dean of the Episcopal Colledg of that Province and by vertue thereof is to signify the Pleasure of his Metropolitan to all the Bishops of the Province to execute his Mandates to disperse his Missives on all emergency of affaires to precide in Convocations or Provincial Synods during the necessary absence of the Metropolitan Next to London in Parliament precedes Durham and then Winchester all the rest of the Bishops take place according to the Seniority of their Consecrations The Function of an English Bishop consists in what he may act either by his Episcopal Order or by his Episcopal Jurisdiction By his Episcopal Order he may ordain Deacons and Priests he may Dedicate Churches and burying places may administer the Rite and Ceremony of Confirmation without whom none of these things may be done The Jurisdiction of a Bishop is either Ordinary or Delegated the Ordinary is what by the Law of the Land belongs to each Bishop in his own Diocess the Delegated is what the King is pleased to confer upon him not as a Bishop but as he is a Subject and a considerable Member of the Kingdom For all Clergymen are in England as antiently among Gods own People the Jews and amongst the Primitive Christians so soon as they were under Christian Emperors judged fit to enjoy divers temporal honours and employments as First to be in the Commission of the Peace for who so proper to make and keep Peace as they whose constant duty it is to preach Peace who so fit as they whose main business and study it is to reconcile those that are at variance and therefore since His Majesties happy Restauration as well as before divers grave discreet Divines have been made Justices of Peace and thereby not only the poor Clergy-men have been protected from the oppression of their causeless enemies but many differences have been composed without any Law-sute in a more Christian and less expensive way Secondly to be of His Majesties Privy Council where frequently Cases of Conscience may arise relating to State matters that will admit neither of delay nor publication and therefore after the pattern of that excellent Christian Emperor Constantine the Great our good Kings both before and since the Reformation have always admitted some spiritual persons to their Council Tables and Closet-debates Thirdly to be employed in publick Treaties and Negotiations of Peace and this both the Ancient and Modern practice will justify that none hath been more frequently and succesfully used in such Messages then the Ambassadors of Christ Fourthly to enjoy some of the great Offices of the Crown as to be Lord Chancellor Lord Treasurer c. And it hath been observed that in the late Kings Raign when the Bishop of London was Lord Treasurer that Office was executed with as much diligence faithfulness dexterity and content to the Subject as well as to the King as ever it had been by any of his late lay-Predecessors In the ordinary Jurisdicton of a Bishop as a Bishop may be considered either the Jurisdiction it self or what is instated in him by the Law of the Land for the better execution of that Jurisdiction The Jurisdiction it self is established partly by Statute Law as to Licence Physitians Surgeons and School-Masters to unite and consolidiate small Parishes to assist the Civil Magistrates in the execution of some Statutes concerning Ecclesiastical affairs to compel the payment of Tenths and Subsidies due from the Clergy to the King Partly by Common Law as upon the Kings Writ to certify the Judges touching legitimate and illegetimate Births and Marriages to require upon the Kings Writ the burning of an obstinate Heretick also to require the Kings Writ for imprisoning the Body of one that obstinately stands excommunicated 40 dayes And partly by Common and Ecclesiastical Law together as to cause Wills of the Deceased to be proved to grant Administration of Goods of such as dye intestate to give order for the gathering and preserving of perishable Goods where none is willing to administer to cause Account to be given of Administrations to collate Benefices to grant Institutions to Benefices upon the Presentations of other Patrons to command Induction to be given to order the collecting and preserving of the Profits of vacant Benefices for the use of the Successors to defend the Franchises and Liberties of the Church to visit their particular Diocesses once in three years and therein to inquire of the Manners Carriages Delinquencies c. of Ministers of Church-wardens of the rest of the Parishoners and amongst them especially of those that profess themselves Physitians Surgeons School-masters Midwives of Wardens of Hospitals how they perform their several Duties and trusts also of all others professing Christianity and offending either against Piety as by Blasphemy Idolatry Superstition Perjury Heresie Errors against the 39 Articles Schism Conventicles absence from Divine Service unlawful abstinence
Delinquent is to stand in the Church Porch upon some Sunday bare head and feet in a white Sheet and a white Rod in his Hand there bewailing himself and beging every one that passes by to pray for him then to enter the Church falling down and kissing the ground then in the middle of the Church placed in a higher place in the sight of all the People and over against the Minister who declares the foulness of his crime odious to God and scandalous to the Congregation that God can no way be satisfied but by applying Christs sufferings nor the Congregation but by an humble acknowledging of his sin and testifying his sincere repentance and sorrow not in words only but with tears and promising there in the sight of God and his Holy Angels that by Gods assistance and by Prayer Meditation and daily works of Piety he will endeavor hereafter more carefully to watch against the temptations of the world the allurements of the flesh and the snares of the Devil which being done and the Priest in Christs name pronouncing the remission of sins the penitent humbly beseeches the Congregation to pardon him that great scandal against them and receive him into their holy Communion and to account him again a Member of their Church and in testimony hereof out of their Christian Charity to vouchsafe to say with him aloud the Lords Prayer And this way of the Church of England appears by divers Writers to be the antient way used by the Primitive Churches Note that it is ordained by the Canons of the Church of England that in case the crime be not notorious and publick the forenamed penance may at the parties request be commuted into a pecuniary Mulct for the poor of the Parish or some Pious uses provided that for the Reformation of the Delinquent that way appear to be the more probable way for some men will be thereby reclaimed who by publication of their offence would become more impudent and hardned when they perceive their reputation to be lost There remains one more punishment or Ecclesiastical censure which toucheth the body and that is denyal of Christian burial which is inflicted not in poenam mortuorum but in terrorem viventium who naturally desire that after their death their bodies may be decently interred And Christian burial is wont to be denyed by the Church of England to persons dying excommunicate to perjured persons to such as are hanged for Felony or that wilfully kill themselves and to Apostates Hereticks and Extortioners To these forenamed Censures and Punishments both Laity and Clergy are subject but besides these there are punishments whereunto the Clergy only are lyable as first Suspensio ab Officio when a Minister for a time is declared unfit to execute the Office of a Minister Then Suspensio a Beneficio when a Minister for a time is deprived of the profits of his Benefice and these two Censures are wont to be for smaller crimes Thirdly Deprivatio a Beneficio when for a greater crime a Minister is wholly and for ever deprived of his Living And fourthly Deprivatio ab Officio when a Minister is wholly and for ever deprived of his Orders and this is called Depositio or Degradatio and is commonly for some heynous crime meriting death and is performed by the Bishop in a solemn manner pulling off from the Criminal his Vestments and other Ensignes of his Order and this in the presence of the Civil Magistrate to whom he is then delivered to be punished as a Lay man for the like offence And herein Bishops are to take special care to behave themselves 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 not as lording over Gods Heritage not as absolute Masters over Servants to gain by their punishments but as Fathers over Children for their amendment and as being Ministers in Spiritual affairs to use their power for the good of Christians and to conduct that power by moderation Of the Parliament of England and therein of the Person summoning the manner of the summons the persons summoned their priviledges the place and manner of Sitting the passing of Bills in either House the passing of Acts of Parliament of Adjourning Proroguing and Dissolving of Parliaments A Brief Account of the Ecclesiastical Government having been given next follows the Civil Government towards which the first great wheel that moves is the Parliament of England Before the Conquest the Great Council of the King consisting only of the Great men of the Kingdom was called Magnatum Conventus or else Praelatorum Procerumque Concilium and by the Saxons in their own Tongue Micel Gemot the Great Assembly after the Conquest it was called by the French word Parlementum from Parler to talk together still consisting only of the Great men of the Nation until the Reign of H. 3. The Commons also were called to sit in Parliament for the first Writs sent forth to summon them bears date 49. H. 3. about 400 years agoe None but the King hath authority to summon a Parliament In the Kings absence out of the Realm the Custos Regni in the Kings name doth summon a Parliament and during the Kings minority within the Realm the Protector Regni doth the same No Parliament can begin without the Kings Presence either in Person or by Representation by Commissioners When the King of England is with his Parliament in time of peace he is then said to be in the height of his Royal Dignity as well as when he is at the head of his Army in time of War There is then scarce any thing that the King cannot do his power cannot be confined for Causes or Persons within any bounds He can with the concurrence of his Lords and Commons legitimate one that is born illegitimate bastardize one that is born legitimate that is to say one begotten in Adultery the Husband being then within the four Seas He can make an Infant of full age make an Alien or Forreigner an Englishman can attaint a man of Treason when he is dead when he is no more a man c. A Parliament is summoned in manner following About 40 days before the Parliament doth assemble the King issues out his Writ cum Advisamento Concilii sui and the Warrant is per ipsum Regem Concilium The Kings Writ which is a short Letter or Epistle is directed and sent to every particular person of the Lords Spiritual and Temporal commanding the Lords Spiritual in Fide Dilectione and the Lords Temporal per Fidem Allegiantiam to appear at a certain time and place to Treat and give their Advice in some certain important affairs concerning the Church and State c. Other Writs are sent to the High Sheriff of each County to summon the people to elect two Knights for each County two Citizens for each City and one or two Burgesses for each Burrough according to Statute Charter or Customs In these Elections antiently all the people had their Votes and most Votes carried it
Headborough to keep the Peace to secure offenders to bring them before the Justice c. Then for the Ecclesiastical Government of Villages there is as before hath been mentioned the Parson or Vicar who hath Curam Animarum the Care of Souls as the Lord of the Mannor hath in some measure Curam Corporum for which he hath the Tythes Glebe and Church Offrings hath under him the Church-wardens and Sides-men to take care of the Church and Church Assemblies the Overseers of the Poor to take care of the Poor Sick Aged Orphans and other Objects of Charity and Lastly the Clark to wait on him at Divine Service Thus admirable and excellent is the Constitution of the present English Government above and beyond any other Government in Christendom O Fortunatos nimium bona si sua norint Angligenas If English men did know their Bliss Too great would be their Happiness Of the Military Government of England IT was a smart Motto that the Great Henry the IV. of France Grandfather to our Gracious King now raigning caused to be engraven on his Great Guns Ratio Ultima Regum Intimating thereby that when Subjects refuse to submit to the Laws of the Land or Neighbours to the Law of Nations then Kings have recourse to Force and Armes to bring them to Reason So long as Subjects are prone to Sedition and Neighbour-Princes and States to Ambition there will be a necessity of a Military Power in every State both by Land and likewise by Sea where the Country is any where bordering on the Sea Of the Military power of England both by Land and Sea the King of England hath the sole supreme Power Government Command and disposition And neither one nor both Houses of Parliament have any right to levey any Forces or make any War Offensive or Defensive as they have at large declared in Parliament Anno 14 Car 2. By Land the next under the King was the late Duke of Albemarle who by His Majesties Commission dated 4 th of April 1660. at Breda was made Generalissimo of all His Majesties Forces in all His Three Kingdoms Horse and Foot Land Souldiers in pay as well within Garrison as without Since the Death of the aforementioned Duke the Horse and Foot which are in constant Pay are thus ordered there are four excellent Regiments of Foot The first is called the Kings Regiment consisting of 24 Companies and near 1700 men commanded by Coll. John Russel whose Lieftenant Coll. is Edw. Grey brother to the Lord Grey and whose Major is William Rolleston The next is the Duke of Yorks Regiment 720 men commanded by Sir Charles Littelton whos 's Lieft. Coll. is Sir John Griffith and his Major Nath. Dorrel Of the third Regiment 600 men Sir Walter Vane is Coll. Thomas Howard of Suffolk Lieft. Coll. and Sir Thomas Ogle Major Of the fourth Regiment 960 men the Coll. is the Earl of Craven his Lieft. Col. is Sir James Smith his Major John Millar There is also a Gallant Regiment of Horse consisting of 8 Troops about 500 Horse besides Officers commanded by the Earl of Oxford and his Major is Francis Windham His Majesty hath besides 3 compleat Troops for his Life Guards whereof one is called the Kings Troop consisting of 200 Horse and commanded by the Duke of Monmouth Another the Queens Troop 150 Horse and commanded by Sir Philip Howard and the third the Duke of Yorks Troop 150 Horse and commanded by the Marquis of Blanquefort whereof see more in the first Part of the Present State of England The pay of a Colonel of Foot is 20 s. per diem and of a Colonel of Horse 12 s. per diem the other Officers have proportionable pay Each Foot Souldier in London hath 10 d. a day and each Horseman 2 s. 6 d. a day Onely those of the Life Guard have each 4 s. a day The rest of His Majesties Forces that are in constant pay are disposed of into several Garrisons a List whereof follows Alphabetically with the names of their several Governors Barwick Lord Widdrington Carlile Sir Philip Musgrave Chepstow Captain Roger Vaughan Chester Sir Jeofry Shackerly Dover Capt. Strode Deale Capt Titus Guernsey Lord Hatton Gravesend Sir Francis Leak Harwich Sir Charles Littleton Hull John Lord Bellassis Jersey Sir Thomas Morgan Languard Fort Major Dorrell St. Maws Sir Viel Vivian Pendenis Richard Lord Arundel Plimouth Earl of Bath Portsmouth D. of York Sir Philip Honywood Lieutenant Governor Scarborough Sir Tho. Slingsby Scylly Isle Sir Will. Godolphin Shereness Sir Bourcher Wray Tinmouth Col. Edward Villars Tower Sir John Robinson Vpner Castle Windsor Castle Prince Rupert Isle of Wight Sir Robert Holmes York the Lord Freschevile In some of these Garrisons His Majesty is at the charge of above 500 men constantly each Garrison Souldier hath 8 pence a day Of all the land Forces in pay the Commissaries Gen. of Musters are Henry Howard of Suffolk and Sir Cecil Howard The Pay-master of all the Forces is Sir Stephen Fox The Judge Advocate Dr. Sam. Barrow For regulating and ordering His Majesties Land Forces that are in constant pay there are no Orders yet setled by Act of Parliament as there are for his Sea Forces but may be in a short time Besides the afore-mentioned Forces there is the standing Militia by Land of all England setled in the King to be governed ordered and enlarged from time to time as his Majesty shall see occasion For the management of these standing Land Forces the King himself makes choice of divers of the principal Peers of his Kingdome and by Commission creates them Lord Lieutenants of the several Counties of England with power to arm array and form into Companies Troops and Regiments to conduct upon occasion of Rebellion or Invasions and employ the men so armed within the Counties and Places for which the said Lords are commissioned or into any other County as the King shall give order To give Commissions to Colonels or other Commissioned Officers to present to the King the names of the Deputy-Lieutenants who have in the absence of the Lord Lieutenant the same power and these are to be of the prime Gentry of the County to charge any person in the County with Horse Horsemen and Arms or Foot Souldiers and Arms within the said County proportionable to their estates with limitation that no person be charged with a Horse unless he hath 500 l. yearly Revenue or 6000 l. in personal Estate No person to be charged with a Foot Souldier unless he hath 50 l. yearly Revenue or 600 l. personal Estate Those that have meaner Estates are to joyn two or three together to find a Horse and Horseman or a Foot Souldier The forementioned Horse and Foot are to muster once or twice a year and each Horseman during the time of the Muster to be allowed him for whom he serves 2 s. a day and each Foot Souldier 12 d. a day For furnishing Ammunition and other Necessaries the Lord Lieutenant
or Deputy Lieutenants may levy every year one fourth part if they judge it expedient of each mans proportion in the Tax of 70000 l. a moneth upon the whole Kingdom And in the case of marching against an enemy they have power to cause every man so charged to allow each Souldier one months pay which the King is after to repay before they may be charged with another moneths pay These Forces are alwayes in readiness with all things necessary at the beat of a Drum or sound of Trumpet to appear muster and be compleat with men horse and armes and are at certain times trained and disciplined that they become able skilful and useful Souldiers These are to be commanded only within the Kingdom for the security of the King and Kingdom Subservient in the standing Militia to the Lord Lieutenant and Deputy Lieutenant are the Justices of Peace of every County who upon all occasions according to the orders of their Superiors are to send their Warrants to the High Constable of the Hundred or Petty Constable of the Parish c. These are commonly called the Train-bands of every County whereof the number is so great that in only five of the bigger Counties of England there are to be found well provided forty thousand able lusty men ready to assist the King upon all occasions so that in all times of peace the King hath six or sevenscore thousand men enrolled and wholly and solely at his disposing for the defence of his Kingdom of England For the better securing of the Kingdom from foreign Invasion besides the Ships of war whereof more anon there are upon certain eminent places over al parts of England mediterrane as well as maritime high Poles erected whereon are fastned pitch Barrels to be fired by night and a smoke made by day and thereby to give notice in few hours to the whole Kingdom of the approaching Invasion whereupon the Inhabitants in arms make haste to the sea-coasts These are called Becons from the Saxon Beacen or Beacnian to shew by a sign In all times of danger some are set to watch at every Becon Antiently there were many Castles in all parts of England but inland Castles generally have either been demolisht in latter times or wittingly suffered to decay that to Rebels they might be no shelter to Invaders no stay nor to the Invaded any refuge in flight and consequently that there may not be any lingring war again in England which is the greatest misery and calamity that can ever happen to a Nation In 1588. upon expectation of the Spanish Armado stiled invincible there went forth from the Queen Commissions to muster in all parts of England all men that were of perfect sense and limb from the age of 16. to 60 except Noblemen Clergy-men University Students Lawyers Officers and such as had any publick charges leaving only in every Parish so many Husbandmen as were sufficient to till the ground In all those Musters there were then numbred three millions but of those fit for war about six hundred thousand In another Muster of Queen Elizabeth there were found in all England fit for war of common Souldiers about four hundred thousand and of those armed and trained one hundred eighty five thousand besides Horse near forty thousand and that the Nobility and Gentry were then able to bring into the field of their Servants and Followers twenty thousand men Horse and Foot choice men and excellent horses and in all fit for war and ready upon all occasions six hundred forty two thousand leaving sufficient to till the ground and to furnish Trades besides Nobility Gentry c. Of the present Maritime Power belonging to the Crown of England THe Kingdom of England being a Peninsula almost surrounded with the sea there will alwayes be a necessity of maritime forces And as next Neighbours grow potent at sea the King of England will be necessitated to augment his maritime forces proportionably how great soever the charge thereof may be or else to quit his antient right to the Soverainty of the narrow seas and to suffer his Merchants to be abused and their traffique every where interrupted It is true that in the 24. of Eliz. upon a general view and muster there were found but 13 Ships of war and 135 Ships of considerable burden belonging to all the Subjects of England and in the year 1600 her Majesty had but 36 Ships of war and 13 or 14 Pinaces the biggest Ship was then of One thousand Tun carried Three hundred and forty Mariners One hundred and thirty Soldiers and but Thirty piece of Ordnance The lesser Ships of War were of One hundred Tun Forty or fifty Mariners Seven or eight Soldiers and Eight Guns The Pinnaces of Thirty Tun Eighteen or twenty Mariners and Two or four Guns so small was the Royal Fleet in those days when our next Neighbor Nations were weak and always engaged with Civil and Foreign Wars but now that their strength at Sea is of late so prodigiously increased it will be most expedient for this Kingdom to be always well provided And God be thanked we have a King that understands better and takes more delight in Maritime Affairs and Ships of War then any of His Royal Ancestors or any Soveraign Prince now living in the World and who hath made it His cheif business that way to fortifie this Kingdom The Forces of Potentates at Sea Sont des Marques de Grandeur d'Estat saith a French Author Whosoever commands the Sea commands the Trade of the World He that commands the trade commands the Wealth of the World and consequently the World it self Again As he that is Master of the Field is said to be Master of every Town when it shall please him so he that is Master of the Sea may in some sort be said to be Master of every Countrey at least of such as are bordering on the Sea for he is at liberty to begin or end a War where and upon what terms he pleaseth and to extend his Conquests even to the Antipodes To the Crown of England belongs the Dominion of all the Narrow Seas round about the whole Island of Great Britain by Ancient Right whereof it hath had possession in all times First the Aborigenes or Ancient Britains were possest thereof as Mr. Selden makes appear and in their Right the Romans held it then the Saxons having gotten possession of England kept that Dominion their King Edgar amongst His Royal Titles calling Himself Soveraign of the Narrow Seas Afterward the Normans possessing England claimed and quietly possest the same Dominion in testimony whereof the Swedes Danes Hans-Towns Hollanders Zealanders c. were wont to ask leave to pass the British Seas and to take Licenses to fish therein And to this day do strike Sail to all the Ships of War belonging to the King of England as oft as they pass by any one of them thereby to express that they acknowledge the Soveraignty of the British
Seas to belong to the King of England according to an Ordinance made at Hastings in Sussex by John King of England about Four hundred and fifty years ago To maintain this Right and Title to protect Trade to subdue Pirates to defend this Kingdom against hostile Invasions and to reduce foreign Potentates to Reason the Kings of England have had especially of later times a considerable number of Ships of War for Strength for Beauty and Sailing if not for number surpassing all those of our Neighbor Nations For Strength by reason of the most excellent English Timber they are like so many floating Castles and Barbicans For Beauty so proportionably and spaciously built and so curiously and richly adorned that they are as so many Royal Palaces Amongst other Ships at Sea they are as so many Lions amongst other silly Beasts or as Eagles amongst other Birds Histories mention a great Fleet of Julius Caesar a Fleet of the forementioned King Edgar consisting of Three thousand six hundred Sail a Fleet of Lewis Son to Philip King of France of Six hundred Sail that arrived at Sandwich to assist the English Barons against King John but those doubtless were but as so many Cottages to Castles in respect of the present Ships of War Henry the Eighth in the Fifth year of His Reign built a Ship then accounted the greatest that ever had been seen in England and named it Henry Grace de Dieu or the Great Henry it was of One thousand Tun. In the Eighth year of King James was built by the Londoners a Ship of Twelve hundred Tun and called The Trades Increase which being lost in the East Indies King James caused another to be built of Fourteen hundred Tun which being given to Prince Henry was by Him named the Prince King Charles the Martyr perceiving the great encrease of Shipping in our Neighbor Nations and that the Soveraignty of these Seas was like to be disputed amongst other great Ships of War built one greater then any Ship of War either in England or in any Countrey of Europe and named it The Royal Soveraign which for a little diversion shall here be more particularly described The Royal Soveraign being a Ship of the First Rate or Rank built in the Year One thousand six hundred thirty and seven is in length by the Keel One hundred twenty seven Foot in bredth by the Beam Forty seven Foot in depth Forty nine Foot her draught of Water Twenty one Foot Of burden in all Two thousand seventy and two Tuns and One thousand five hundred fifty and four Tuns besides Guns Tackle c. This mighty Moving-Castle hath Six Anchors whereof the biggest weighs 6000 l. and the least 4300 l. It hath Fourteen Cables whereof the greatest is Twenty one Inches in compass and weighs 9000 l. Her least Cable being eight Inches in compass weighing near 1300 l. To the Royal Soveraign belong Eighteen Masts and Yards whereof the greatest called The Main Mast is One hundred and thirteen Foot long and Thirty eight Inches Diameter Her Main Yard One hundred and five Foot long and Twenty three Inches Diameter and her Main Top Fifteen Foot Diameter She hath Ten several sorts of Sails of several names as every Ship of every one of the Six Rates hath whereof her greatest Sail called Her Main Course together with her Bonnet contains One thousand six hundred and forty Yards of Canvas Ipswich double and the least Sail called The Fore-top-gallant-sail contains One hundred and thirty yards of Canvas The charge of one compleat Sute of Sails for the Soveraign is 404 l. Sterling Money The weight of the Sea store in point of Ground Tackle and other Cordage is Sixty Tuns Eight hundred and odd pounds She carries a long Boat of Fifty Foot a Pinnace of Thirty six Foot and a Skiff of Twenty seven Foot long The weight of her Rigging is Three and thirty Tun. She hath Three Tire of Guns all of Brass whereof there are Forty four in her upper Tire Thirty four in her second Tire and Twenty two in her lower Tire in all One hundred Guns She carries in all of Officers Soldiers and Mariners Seven hundred Men. Finally Her whole Charges for Wages Victuals Ammunition wear and tear for every Moneth at Sea costs the King 3500 l. Sterling as hath been computed by a very skilful person The charges of Building a Ship of the First Rate together with Guns Tackle and Rigging besides Victualing doth ordinarily amount to about 62432 l. Those of Lower Rates proportionally The King hath now Six Ships of the First Rate whereof Five are longer by the Keel then the forementioned Royal Soveraign and all of the same force except two which yet may carry each one One hundred and ten Guns Of Ships of War great and small the King had before the last War with the United Netherlands above One hundred and sixty Sail whereof a true List followeth A List in Alphabetical Order of all the Ships Frigats and Vessels of his Majestie 's Royal Navy together with the Rates Tuns Men and Guns usually accounted First Rate Ships Tuns Men Guns Charles 1229 550 80 Prince 1205 600 84 Soveraign 1554 700 100 Second Rate    St Andrew 775 300 56 St. George 775 300 56 Henry 1047 380 64 James 792 350 60 London 1050 500 64 Royal James 1100 500 70 Rainbow 782 320 56 Swiftsure 740 340 60 Triumph 779 350 64 Catherine   76 Victory 690 320 56 Unicorn 786 320 56 Vantguard 706 3â—0 56 Royal Oak   76 St. Michael    Third Rate    Anne 742 240 54 Dreadnought 738 240 52 Dunkirk 635 230 48 Edgar    Essex 633 230 48 Fairfax 755 240 52 Henrietta 781 250 50 Glocester 755 240 52 Lyon 550 210 48 Mary 727 260 56 Monk  260 50 Montague 769 260 52 Plâ—mouth 771 250 50 Revenge 741 240 52 Resolution 765 250 52 York 739 240 52 Rupert    Fourth Rate Ships Tuns Men Guns Antelope 550 160 40 Assistance 513 160 40 Advice 516 160 40 Adventure 505 140 24 Amity 354 120 30 Assurance 341 135 32 Bristol 534 180 44 Bear 430 130 36 Breda 515 160 40 Crown 536 160 40 Centurion 531 170 40 Convertine 500 170 40 Constant Warwick 315 135 32 Charity 400 140 38 Diamond 547 160 40 Dover 511 160 40 Dragon 414 150 38 Elizabeth 477 150 38 Elias 400 130 36 Expedition 323 120 30 Foresight 513 160 40 Guinea â—75 120 30 Happy Return 607 180 44 Hampshire 481 150 38 Jersey 560 160 40 Indian 500 180 40 Kent 600 170 40 Leopard 666 180 44 Matthias 400 160 44 Mary Rose 566 160 40 Marmaduke 400 130 32 Newcastle 633 180 44 Nonsuch 389 140 34 Portland 607 170 40 Princess 600 150 36 Portsmouth 433 150 38 Phenix 414 150 38 President 462 150 38 Providence 323 120 30 Reserve 512 160 40 Ruby 550 160 40 Swallow 543 170 40 Saphire 442 150 38 Tyger
only of Beer and Ale for the City of London though it be a very moderate Imposition is farmed or rented of the King at above one hundred and twenty thousand pounds a year and about one fourth part of all that Excise throughout England Churches Parish Churches besides Chappels there were in all 130. that is double the Number of Churches parochial to be found in any City of Christendom the Mother Church whereof is dedicated to the memory of Saint Paul the only Cathedral of that Name in Europe and founded by Sebert a Saxon King about the year 610. in a place where had stood a Temple dedicated to Diana and afterward enlarged by Erkenwald the 4 th Saxon Bishop thereof and that old Fabrick being almost destroyed by Fire Mauritius another Bishop of London in One thousand eighty three began and finished a great part of the present magnificent Pile in the space of 20 years but the Quire and Tower were not finished till 1221 and then it was dedicated in a most solemn manner as was the Temple of Solomon the King the Bishops and a vast number from all Parts of the Nation assisting thereat It is seated on the highest part of all the City and was more conspicuous perhaps then any Cathedral Church in the World it was a structure for length height and antiquity surpassing all other Churches the length thereof was 690 Foot therein excelling by 20 foot St. Peters in Rome which for beauty proportion and divers other things excels all other Temples it was in height 102 foot and in breadth 130. The Church was built as other Cathedrals in a perfect Cross and in the midst of the Cross upon mighty high Arches was a Tower of Stone 260 foot high and on that a spire of Timber covered with Lead in height 260 foot more in all from the ground 520 foot above which was a â—ole of Copper Gilt of 9 foot in compass whereon stood the Cross 15 foot and a half high and almost 6 foot a cross made of oak covered with Lead and another cover of Copper over the Lead above all stood the Eagle or Cock of Copper Gilt four foot long and the breadth over the Wings 3 foot and a half In the year 1561. a part of this magnificent Pile was much wasted and the rest endangered by a fire begun in that stately Timber Spire by the negligence of a Plummer who left his Pan of Fire there whilest he went to Dinner as he confest of later years on his Death Bed But by the great Bounty and Piety of Queen Elizabeth of the Citizens of London and of all the Clergy of the Province of Canterbury it was again repaired in the space of Five years After which the Stone work decaying apace by reason of the corroding quality of the abundance of Sea-coal smoak the Learned and Pious Doctor Laud coming to be Bishop of London and after of Canterbury was so zealous and vigorous for upholding this most Ancient Church and Stately Monument of England and glory of the City of London that by the Kings favor and liberal contribution of Godly People maugre all opposition of the Puritans the work was so eagerly pursued that before the year 1640. the whole Body was finished with Portland Stone excellent against all smoak and weather and the Tower scaffolded up to the top with a purpose to take it all down and to rebuild it more fair and of a greater height with a stately Pinnacle at each corner because the Arches were not thought strong enough to support another Steeple and to place in that Tower the biggest and most tunable Bells in the World For performance whereof and for adorning the Church there was in the Chamber of London above One hundred and seventy thousand pounds all taken out soon after and employed in an Unnatural War by a stiff necked People against the best of Kings in which one single act a great part of the Citizens of London and of the Long Parliament became deeply guilty of a horrid Rebellion and detestable Sacriledge After the Murder or rather Martyrdom of the forementioned Archbishop the Skaffolds were taken away and sold with some of the Lead which covered this famous Structure and this House of God made a Stable for Horses by the Disloyal Army and almost all suffered to decay till the Restauration of the King who having a pious intent to set upon the repair thereof again it was all ruined by the late dreadful Conflagration in 1666. Which yet hath not so discouraged our gracious King and the rest of our Church Governors but that in a short time they intend to begin again the repair of the Mother Church of the Mother City of this Kingdom to the glory of God and high honor of this City and Nation for the speedy promoting whereof both King and Parliament City and Countrey Clergy and Laity high and low seem to stand engaged to lend their aid and assistance Of the forementioned Fire that was able to destroy such a vast solid Structure as the Cathedral of S. Paul a brief account may here be acceptable especially to Foreigners who have had imperfect relations thereof THe City of LONDON within the Walls was seated upon near Four hundred and sixty Acres of Ground whereon was built about Fifteen thousand Houses besides Churches Chappels Halls Colledges Schools and other Publick Buildings whereof about Four parts of five were utterly devoured in the late dismal Conflagration and about One part of five of the whole City and Suburbs counting therein Westminster and Southwark There were then destroyed Eighty seven Parochial Churches Six Consecrated Chappels all the Principal Publick Edifices as the forenamed Cathedral of S. Paul the great Guild-Hall wherein are held Nine several Courts belonging to the City the Royal Exchange the Custome-House most Halls of Companies c. whereof the whole damage is almost incredible In that one commodity of Books onely wherewith London abounded was lost as Judicious Stationers have computed One hundred and fifty thousand pounds for the loss fell most upon that and Three or four other cumbersome commodities not easie on a sudden to be removed viz. Wines Tobacco Sugars and Plumbs wherewith this City was furnished beyond any City in the World Yet in this vast Incendy not above Six or eight persons were burnt Of this dreadful Fire there were many concurrent occasions First The Drunkenness or Supine negligence of the Baker in whose House it began or of his Men. Next The dead time of the night wherein it began viz. between One and two of the Clock after Midnight when some were wearied with working others filled with drink all in a dead sleep Thirdly The dead time of the week being Saturday night when Traders were retired to their Countrey Houses and none but Children or Young Servants left behind Fourthly The dead time of all the year being then the long Vacation on the Second of September when Tradesmen were generally abroad
that ground being but a Lease the present Fellows of this Colledge have purchased with their own Moneys a fair piece of Ground in Warwick-lane whereon they are now raising a sutable Edifice Of this Colledge there is a President Four Censors and Eight Elects who are all Principal Members of the Society and out of whom one is every year chosen to preside The Four Censors of the Colledge have by their Charter authority to survey correct and govern all Physitians or others that shall practise in London or within seven miles of the same to fine amerce and imprison any of them as they shall see cause Here followeth a List of all the Principal Physitians who now practise in London Socii Colleg. Med. Lond. SIr George Ent President Dr. Hamey Dr. Glisson Dr. Salmon Dr. Stane Censor Sir Alexander Frasier Dr. Micklethwait Dr. Paget Dr. Timothy Clark Dr. Goddard Censor Dr. King Dr. Cox Dr. Stanley Dr. Whistler Sir Charles Scarborough Dr. Wharton Dr. Merret Censor Dr. Samuel Collins Dr. Rugeley Sir William Petty Dr. Terne Sir John Babor Sir Edward Greaves Dr. Croyden Censor Dr. Bevoir Dr. Wolfe Dr. Luellen Sir John Finch Dr. Banes Dr. Walter Dr. Burwell Dr. Rogers Dr. Mills Dr. Lang. Dr. Betts Dr. Twisden Dr. Waldron Dr. Barwick Dr. Dacres Dr. Samuel Collins Dr. Collier Dr. James Clark Dr. Jasper Needham Dr. Henry Clark Dr. Carr. Dr. Packer Candidati Dr. Stracey Dr. Yerbury Dr. Allen. Dr. Hodges Dr. Millington Dr. Parker Dr. Jo. Smith Dr. Lawson Dr. Coysh Dr. Bruce Dr. Brooks Dr. Howarth Dr. George Smith Sir Thomas Bathurst Dr. Francklin Dr. Atfield Dr. Downes Dr. Trevor Dr. Croone Dr. Browne Dr. Burwell Dr. Short Dr. Marshall Socii Honorarii Dr. Frear Dr. Parker Dr. Gourdon Dr. Denton Sir John Colladon Dr. Meara Dr. Lampriere Dr. Bowle Dr. Bacon Sir Richard Napier Sir John Hinton Dr. Colestone Dr. Charleton Dr. Dawtrey Dr. Deodait Dr. Fogarsius Dr. Hames Dr. Jo. Skinner Dr. Timme Dr. Warner Dr. Harris Dr. Argall Dr. Arris Dr. Langham Dr. Meverell Dr. Stanley Sir Theodore de Veaux Dr. Witherley Dr. Titchborne Dr. Woodcock Dr. King Dr. Tayler Dr. Bright Dr. Moore Dr. Cursellis Dr. Walgrave Dr. Ball. Dr. Duke Dr. Harrison Dr. Man Dr. Barebone Dr. Napier Dr. Gelsthorpe Dr. Griffith Dr. Walter Needham Dr. Moesler Dr. Carter Dr. Trapham Dr. Henry Glisson Dr. Charleton Dr. John Clark Dr. Cavendish Dr. Dennis Gourden Dr. Bridgood Dr. Yardley Dr. Browne Dr. Paman Dr. Fisher Dr. Grinder Dr. Lawrence Dr Willis Dr. Dickenson Dr. Fielding Dr. Medford Dr. Grey Dr. Sagittary Dr. White Dr. Waterhouse Permissi Dr. Wedderburn Dr. Trist. Dr. Lenthall Dr. Barrough Dr. Broome Dr. Welman Dr. Vermuden Dr. Sydenham Antiently the usual Fee of a Doctor was 20 s. and of one that had not taken that degree 10 s. at present there is no certain rule But some that are eminent have received in Fees yearly 2 or 3000 l. and purchase great Estates which in other Countreys is very rare Besides the worthy persons mentioned in the List above there are divers Physitians that have good practice in London although they never had any Licence which is connived at by the Colledge and so is the too much practise of Empericks Mountebanks Pretended Chymists Apothecaries Surgeons Wise-women c. In which piece of folly the English surpass all the Nations of Christendom And yet by the Law of England if one who is no Physitian or Surgeon or not expresly allowed to practise shall take upon him a Cure and his Patient die under his hands this is Felony in the person presuming so to do Of the Colledge of Heralds NOt far from the Colledge of Doctors Commons stood the Colledge of Heralds that is of such as are to be Messengers of War and Peace that are skilful in Descents Pedigrees and Coats or Armories an Ancient House built by Thomas Stanley Earl of Derby who married the Mother of King Henry the Seventh and bestowed by Queen Mary on the Kings Heralds and Pursuivants at Arms for ever to the end that they and their Successors might dwell together if they so pleased and assemble confer and agree for the good Government of their Faculty and that their Records might there safely be preserved c. They were made a Colledge or Corporation by Charter of King Richard the Third and by him had several Priviledges granted unto them as to be free from Subsidies Tolls and all troublesome Offices of the Kingdom Afterwards another Charter of Priviledges was granted unto this Society by King Edward the Sixth in the third year of His Reign Of this Collegiate Society are first three stiled Reges Armorum Anglorum Kings at Arms six called Heralds and four Pursuivants at Arms. Amongst the Kings at Arms the first and principal is called Garter instituted by King Henry the Fifth whose office is to attend the Knights of the Garter at their Solemnities and to Marshal the Solemnities at the Funerals of all the higher Nobility of England to advertise those that are chosen of their new Election to call on them to be installed at Windsor to cause their Arms to be hung up upon their Seats there to carry the Garter to Kings and Princes beyond the Seas for which purpose he was wont to be joyned in Commission with some Principal Peer of the Realm c. The next is Clarencieux so called from the Duke of Clarence to whom he first belonged for Lionel Third Son to Edward the Third marrying the daughter and heir of the Earl of Ulster in Ireland had with her the Honor of Clare in the County of Twomond whereupon he was afterwards created Duke of Clarence or the Territory about Clare which Dukedom escheating to King Edward the Fourth by the death of His Brother George Duke of Clarence He made this Herald who properly belonged to that Duke a King at Arms and named him Clarentieux in French and Clarentius in Latin His Office is to marshal and dispose the Funerals of all the lower Nobility as Baronets Knights Esquires and Gentlemen on the South-side of Trent and therefore sometimes called Surroy or Southroy The third King at Arms is Norroy or Northroy whose Office is to do the like on all the North-side of Trent The two last are called Provincial Heralds England being by them divided into two Provinces These by Charter have power to visit Noblemens Families to set down their Pedigrees to distinguish their Arms to appoint Men their Arms or Ensigns and with Garter to direct the Heralds The Six Heralds anciently belonging properly to Dukes have been sometimes named Dukes at Arms and are thus called and ranked First Windsor secondly Richmond thirdly Chester fourthly Somerset fifthly York sixthly Lancaster Whose Office was anciently to attend Dukes in Marshal Executions Now they are to wait at Court attend Publick Solemnities Proclaim War and Peace c. thence perhaps named Heralds from two German words Here and Healt that is the Armies Champion to denounce War or offer Peace
from his Parents all his life time after Besides these there are of late Grammar Schools founded and endowed in almost every Market Town of England wherein the children of the Town are onely to be taught gratis without any other allowance But in the multiplying of these Schools it may be doubted whether there appeared not more Zeal then Prudence for the Parents of such School-boys not able to advance them to the Universities all the rest besides Reading and Writing becomes useless and the Youths by Eight or ten years lazy living rendred unapt for the labor belonging to the more profitable Plough and divers Manufactures usually turn either Serving-men or Clerks to Justices or Lawyers whereby they learn much Chicanery they become cunning Petty-foggers multiply Law-sutes and cozen their Countrey or if perhaps they are set to Trades that little smattering in Learning got at the Grammar School renders them commonly proud stiff-necked self-conceited unapt to be governed apt to embrace every new Doctrine Heresie Schism Sect and Faction Or in case their Parents are able to put them to the University yet for want of sufficient maintenance and residence there they get onely to be half-learned and thereby a propensity to Preach Faction Sedition and Rebellion to seduce those that are more ignorant then themselves as was evident in our late unhappy troubles where it was observed that the Seducers were generally such as had been from those Market Latin Schools advanced to be either Commoners or Servitors for a short time in the University and the seduced ordinarily such as from those Schools became afterward Shop-keepers or Petty-foggers If such had been endowed with more or perhaps with less knowledge they had probably been much more humble loyal and obedient to their Governors both Civil and Ecclesiastical and therefore the late King of Spain consulting with his ablest Counsellors of State for a general Reformation of Matters that were found by experience to be inconvenient and prejudicial to His Kingdoms after mature deliberation came to this resolution That amongst other abuses the great number of Countrey Grammar Schools should by a solemn Prematica or Ordnance be diminished and the childrens time better employed at Manufactures Trades Husbandry c. Besides upon serious consideration it will be found that England is over-stocked with Scholars for the proportion of its Preferments and for its employments for Lettered Persons whereby it comes to pass that too many live discontented and longing for Innovations and Changes and watching for an opportunity to alter the Government both of Church and State This following List was provided to be inserted after the account of the standing Militia of England A List of the present Lords Lieutenants of the several Counties and Places of England in Alphabetical Order BEdford Earl of Alisbury Berks Lord Lovelace Bristol Duke of Ormond Bucks Earl of Bridgwater Cambridge Earl of Suffolk Cheshire Earl of Derby Cornwall Earl of Bath Cumberland Earl of Carlisle Derby Earl of Devonshire Devon Duke of Albemarle Dorset Duke of Richmond Durham Bishop of Durham Essex Earl of Oxford Glocester Marquess of Worcester Hereford Marquess of Worcester Hertford Earl of Essex Huntingdon Earl of Sandwich Kent Duke of Richmond Lancaster Earl of Derby Leicester Earl of Rutland Lincoln Earl of Lindsey Middlesex Earl of Craven Monmouth Marquess of Worcester Norfolk Lord Townsend Northampton Earl of Peterborough Northumberland Earl of Ogle Nottingham Duke of Newcastle Oxford Lord Say and Seal Purbeck Isle Sir Ralph Banks Rutland Viscount Camden Shropshire Lord Newport Southwark Borough Earl of Craven Somerset Duke of Ormond Southampton Lord St. John Stafford Lord Brook Suffolk Earl of Suffolk Surrey Lord Mordant Sussex Earl of Dorset Wales Earl of Carbery Warwick Earl of Northampton Westmerland Earl of Carlisle Wilts Earl of Essex Worcester Lord Windsor York East-Riding Lord Bellasis York West-Riding Duke of Buckingham THus the Reader hath had a small Map of a great Monarchy the most just and easie that ever any people lived under except onely those who lived in England before the late unparalleld Rebellion and many ways more happy then that which the great and good States-man Philip Comines so much admired in his days when he declared after he had much commended the Policy of the Venetian Commonwealth That amongst all the Seigneuries in the World England was the Countrey where the State was best ordered and where there was the least Violence and Oppression upon the People FINIS