be_v deliver_v as_o from_o papinian_n some_o distinction_n betwixt_o the_o roman_a civil_a law_n and_o the_o praetorian_a law_n make_v in_o the_o same_o city_n for_o it_o be_v say_v there_o that_o the_o civil_a law_n do_v consist_v of_o the_o statute_n of_o the_o people_n the_o ordinance_n of_o the_o senate_n and_o decree_n of_o the_o prince_n with_o the_o authority_n of_o wise_a man_n but_o the_o praetorian_a law_n be_v those_o which_o the_o praetor_n do_v introduce_v to_o supply_v to_o help_v or_o to_o correct_v the_o civil_a law_n so_o be_v there_o allege_a in_o the_o same_o digest_v out_o of_o paulus_n another_o division_n of_o law_n the_o first_o be_v the_o law_n of_o nature_n the_o second_o be_v the_o civil_a law_n the_o first_o be_v free_v from_o injustice_n the_o second_o be_v deem_v profitable_a to_o all_o or_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o city_n and_o there_o be_v add_v jus_fw-la law_n the_o praetorian_a law_n differ_v from_o and_o correct_v the_o civil_a law_n 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burgoigne_n the_o six_o at_o roven_n for_o normandy_n the_o seven_o at_o aix_n for_o provence_n the_o eight_o for_o bretaign_n institute_v by_o henry_n the_o second_o anno_fw-la 1553._o they_o have_v also_o municipal_a and_o particular_a spain_n the_o municipal_a law_n of_o spain_n civil_a law_n ordain_v for_o the_o kingdom_n of_o spain_n as_o those_o set_v down_o by_o alphonsus_n the_o 9th_o and_o the_o like_a for_o that_o and_o other_o country_n be_v extant_a and_o in_o use_n the_o kingdom_n of_o scotland_n have_v as_o different_a the_o municipal_a law_n of_o scotland_n and_o of_o england_n not_o altogether_o different_a this_o realm_n of_o england_n several_a and_o particular_a municipal_a law_n differ_v from_o the_o roman_a civil_a law_n as_o for_o the_o law_n of_o scotland_n they_o be_v not_o so_o far_o different_a from_o the_o law_n of_o this_o kingdom_n of_o england_n as_o divers_a do_v conceive_v and_o that_o the_o law_n of_o scotland_n be_v not_o altogether_o unlike_a these_o of_o england_n but_o in_o many_o point_n do_v concur_v with_o they_o be_v not_o improbable_a for_o that_o there_o be_v a_o book_n concern_v law_n the_o law_n book_n of_o regius_fw-la majestas_fw-la in_o scotland_n like_v to_o glanvil_n book_n of_o the_o english_a law_n the_o ancient_a law_n of_o that_o kingdom_n term_v regius_fw-la majestas_fw-la which_o as_o some_o student_n have_v read_v the_o same_o do_v affirm_v and_o as_o it_o be_v set_v forth_o in_o the_o printer_n epistle_n to_o glanvil_n book_n do_v agree_v much_o and_o in_o many_o place_n word_n for_o word_n with_o the_o say_v glanvil_n book_n and_o do_v often_o vouch_v he_o so_o that_o it_o be_v suppose_v the_o ancient_a law_n of_o both_o these_o realm_n do_v then_o agree_v and_o do_v yet_o in_o most_o point_n which_o have_v not_o be_v alter_v by_o statute_n since_o in_o either_o of_o these_o realm_n also_o king_n james_n in_o one_o of_o his_o speech_n make_v to_o the_o knight_n and_o burgess_n of_o the_o low_a house_n of_o parliament_n do_v pronounce_v and_o declare_v that_o the_o trial_n in_o the_o chancery_n of_o scotland_n be_v bring_v from_o this_o of_o england_n show_v the_o time_n author_n and_o occasion_n thereof_o therefore_o it_o one_o a_o opinion_n that_o the_o law_n of_o both_o these_o kingdom_n may_v in_o main_a point_n be_v convenient_o make_v all_o one_o may_v be_v conceive_v that_o there_o be_v not_o such_o great_a discrepancy_n or_o contrariety_n betwixt_o the_o law_n of_o both_o these_o kingdom_n but_o that_o by_o due_a examination_n it_o will_v be_v find_v that_o there_o be_v or_o at_o least_o may_v be_v a_o consonance_n betwixt_o they_o in_o many_o if_o not_o in_o most_o point_n but_o for_o the_o law_n of_o england_n how_o they_o do_v differ_v from_o the_o civil_a and_o other_o law_n shall_v be_v show_v in_o the_o next_o ensue_a chapter_n chap._n iii_o of_o the_o ground_n of_o the_o law_n of_o england_n and_o how_o they_o do_v differ_v from_o other_o law_n our_o law_n of_o england_n do_v differ_v as_o in_o name_n so_o in_o divers_a other_o circumstance_n consideration_n and_o condition_n from_o the_o law_n of_o other_o kingdom_n and_o commonweal_n first_o for_o the_o name_n they_o receive_v a_o common_a appellation_n of_o the_o common_a law_n of_o england_n a_o name_n scarce_o give_v to_o the_o law_n of_o any_o other_o nation_n england_n why_o our_o law_n be_v call_v the_o common_a law_n of_o england_n therefore_o whence_o it_o receive_v this_o denomination_n of_o the_o common_a law_n may_v breed_v some_o question_n some_o say_v that_o it_o be_v call_v the_o common_a law_n to_o distinguish_v it_o from_o the_o law_n of_o particular_a custom_n or_o of_o custom_n allow_v for_o lawful_a within_o this_o realm_n but_o this_o be_v not_o certain_a nor_o scarce_o probable_a as_o shall_v be_v show_v anon_o when_o it_o shall_v be_v demonstrate_v that_o these_o custom_n allow_v for_o law_n be_v rather_o make_v part_n than_o distinguish_v from_o the_o common_a law_n some_o other_o suppose_v that_o it_o be_v call_v the_o common_a law_n of_o this_o kingdom_n to_o make_v difference_n betwixt_o it_o and_o the_o statute_n law_n which_o as_o they_o be_v of_o another_o kind_n of_o constitution_n than_o be_v the_o common_a law_n as_o will_v be_v make_v evident_a so_o be_v they_o of_o several_a sort_n in_o themselves_o as_o some_o of_o these_o statute_n be_v general_a and_o ordain_v for_o all_o the_o subject_n some_o be_v particular_a and_o make_v for_o the_o settle_n of_o particular_a man_n estate_n and_o of_o particular_a trade_n corporation_n and_o faculty_n therefore_o these_o can_v be_v nor_o may_v not_o be_v call_v the_o common_a law_n of_o the_o kingdom_n that_o be_v common_a to_o all_o but_o only_o in_o this_o sense_n because_o they_o be_v constitute_v with_o the_o common_a consent_n of_o all_o the_o three_o opinion_n be_v that_o they_o
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in_o that_o our_o law_n of_o this_o land_n be_v peculiar_a to_o this_o kingdom_n and_o the_o territory_n thereof_o and_o thereto_o adjacent_a be_v not_o elsewhere_o in_o use_n or_o allow_v now_o for_o the_o municipal_a law_n of_o this_o kingdom_n under_o which_o title_n the_o special_a and_o particular_a kind_n of_o our_o law_n of_o england_n may_v ground_n the_o division_n of_o our_o law_n of_o england_n into_o several_a part_n and_o ground_n be_v most_o apt_o comprehend_v sundry_a person_n have_v make_v several_a division_n thereof_o some_o have_v divide_v they_o into_o custom_n which_o be_v like_a to_o the_o civilian_n jus_n privatum_fw-la and_o into_o statute_n law_n other_o into_o common_a law_n custom_n and_o statute_n law_n this_o last_o division_n consist_v of_o three_o england_n another_o division_n of_o the_o ground_n and_o part_n of_o the_o law_n of_o england_n part_n seingerman_n in_o his_o fundamental_a partition_n of_o our_o law_n double_v by_o add_v thereto_o another_o 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custom_n do_v not_o equal_o extend_v throughout_o the_o realm_n and_o therefore_o if_o they_o be_v incorporate_v into_o our_o law_n they_o be_v but_o private_a and_o not_o our_o common_a law_n second_o the_o judge_n do_v ex_fw-la officio_fw-la take_v notice_n of_o the_o one_o but_o not_o without_o a_o special_a plead_n of_o the_o other_o so_o it_o may_v well_o be_v say_v in_o some_o sort_n that_o custom_n allow_v for_o law_n or_o for_o lawful_a may_v be_v make_v some_o part_n of_o our_o law_n but_o yet_o i_o can_v hardly_o allow_v they_o the_o honour_n to_o be_v make_v ground_n of_o our_o law_n unless_o they_o be_v first_o reduce_v to_o certainty_n and_o so_o be_v make_v as_o it_o be_v maxim_n so_o be_v general_a receive_v opinion_n by_o custom_n continuance_n and_o approbation_n of_o authority_n and_o judgement_n make_v common_a law_n whereto_o some_o add_v this_o rule_n communis_fw-la error_n facit_fw-la legem_fw-la as_o for_o the_o other_o addition_n of_o st._n germane_a allow_v 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matter_n as_o be_v mischievous_a in_o the_o
with_o we_o but_o where_o by_o our_o law_n we_o do_v not_o admit_v that_o beast_n for_o the_o plough_n shall_v be_v take_v upon_o elegit_fw-la facias_fw-la which_o be_v constitute_v by_o the_o statute_n of_o westminster_n the_o second_o although_o that_o be_v refer_v by_o polydore_n to_o mulmusius_n law_n therein_o the_o law_n of_o this_o kingdom_n agree_v with_o the_o civil_a law_n as_o it_o appear_v in_o the_o code_n so_o that_o we_o show_v in_o the_o execution_n of_o judgement_n there_o be_v some_o difference_n even_o in_o the_o civil_a law_n itself_o according_a to_o the_o alteration_n of_o time_n at_o the_o first_o far_o more_o severe_a but_o in_o the_o end_n much_o more_o mild_a and_o also_o by_o these_o forementioned_a example_n there_o be_v difference_n betwixt_o the_o civil_a law_n and_o our_o law_n of_o england_n in_o the_o execution_n person_n the_o civil_a law_n differ_v from_o itself_o in_o different_a time_n for_o execution_n on_o man_n person_n of_o their_o judgement_n 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affection_n do_v make_v or_o alter_v the_o law_n so_o that_o it_o consist_v not_o say_v they_o in_o scrinio_fw-la principis_fw-la that_o be_v in_o the_o record_n of_o the_o state_n but_o in_o scrinio_fw-la pectoris_fw-la of_o the_o judge_n the_o key_n whereof_o the_o judge_n may_v alter_v and_o by_o a_o new_a lock_n fasten_v on_o make_v a_o way_n to_o come_v at_o unheard_a of_o reason_n according_a to_o his_o own_o conceit_n which_o must_v be_v admit_v for_o law_n at_o the_o least_o for_o the_o time_n for_o the_o first_o objection_n i_o conceive_v it_o to_o flow_v rather_o from_o some_o sudden_a mislike_n before_o the_o matter_n be_v understand_v or_o else_o some_o quaint_a and_o dainty_a palate_n who_o distaste_v all_o thing_n be_v the_o matter_n never_o so_o sound_a and_o substantial_a which_o do_v not_o savour_n of_o perfume_a eloquence_n and_o polish_a phrase_n of_o rhetoric_n than_o upon_o due_a consideration_n of_o the_o language_n itself_o for_o although_o it_o must_v be_v confess_v that_o the_o speech_n and_o phrase_n wherein_o our_o law_n be_v write_v be_v rude_a and_o unpolished_a in_o respect_n that_o no_o nation_n speak_v it_o as_o it_o be_v now_o write_v and_o that_o the_o same_o nation_n from_o whence_o it_o be_v derive_v can_v understand_v it_o precise_o without_o instruction_n yet_o that_o it_o be_v simple_o barbarous_a or_o that_o thereby_o the_o law_n receive_v any_o disgrace_n may_v well_o be_v deny_v for_o first_o admitting_z there_o be_v no_o other_o aid_n in_o the_o defence_n hereof_o than_o that_o which_o the_o lord_n chief_a justice_n cook_n have_v in_o his_o preface_n to_o his_o three_o book_n of_o report_n siquidem_fw-la relationum_fw-la istarum_fw-la phrasis_n aut_fw-la stylus_fw-la tibi_fw-la minus_fw-la arrideat_fw-la ut_fw-la rei_fw-la ipsius_fw-la subjectae_fw-la praestantia_fw-la atque_fw-la utilitas_fw-la &_o delectet_fw-la &_o satisfaciat_fw-la vnde_fw-la fiat_fw-la ut_fw-la totum_fw-la te_fw-la admirabili_fw-la plane_n dulcedini_fw-la cogitationis_fw-la atque_fw-la scientiae_fw-la dedas_fw-la &_o addices_fw-la admit_v that_o this_o be_v the_o effect_n of_o the_o defence_n sure_o we_o alone_o shall_v not_o be_v drive_v to_o this_o shift_n to_o praise_v only_o the_o matter_n and_o to_o reject_v or_o omit_v compliment_n of_o form_n for_o let_v the_o opponent_n herein_o but_o view_n other_o faculty_n which_o they_o that_o profess_v those_o faculty_n will_v have_v to_o excel_v either_o of_o the_o law_n multis_fw-la parasangis_fw-la observe_v law_n other_o art_n write_v in_o as_o ill_a stile_n and_o phrase_n as_o be_v our_o law_n but_o the_o excellent_a part_n of_o the_o mix_a mathematics_n as_o judicial_a astrology_n it_o will_v not_o be_v deny_v but_o some_o nay_o most_o of_o their_o ancient_a author_n especial_o which_o write_v in_o latin_a do_v by_o their_o barbarism_n in_o the_o roman_a tongue_n equal_a the_o worst_a seem_a solecism_n in_o our_o common_a law_n witness_v hereof_o haly_n ben_n rodan_n his_o comment_n upon_o the_o quadripartite_a of_o ptolemy_n in_o latin_a to_o who_o may_v be_v add_v guido_n bonatus_fw-la most_o especial_o with_o alchabitius_n and_o johannes_n de_fw-fr saxonia_n his_o paraphrase_n upon_o he_o it_o may_v be_v true_o say_v that_o a_o plead_n in_o westminster-hall_n for_o latin_a or_o a_o case_n argue_v in_o a_o private_a inn_n of_o court_n moot_v for_o french_a shall_v respective_o in_o many_o phrase_n and_o good_a word_n exceed_v most_o of_o these_o author_n nay_o in_o this_o art_n the_o best_a tongue_a author_n namely_o julius_n firmious_a be_v account_v the_o stile_n the_o best_a author_n in_o some_o art_n write_v the_o worst_a phrase_n and_o stile_n worst_a artist_n how_o many_o latin_a phrase_n or_o word_n be_v there_o to_o be_v find_v in_o the_o side_n of_o a_o leaf_n in_o any_o of_o the_o chief_a and_o ancient_a school_n divine_v who_o respect_v not_o the_o language_n but_o the_o point_n of_o learning_n which_o they_o handle_v neither_o in_o this_o or_o almost_o in_o any_o other_o study_n do_v the_o language_n add_v to_o the_o art_n see_v that_o as_o the_o ancient_a hieroglyphical_a note_n to_o express_v word_n and_o syllable_n be_v add_v only_o as_o instrument_n of_o memory_n and_o tradition_n and_o in_o other_o art_n the_o voces_fw-la secundae_fw-la intentionis_fw-la as_o the_o logician_n call_v they_o art_n term_n of_o art_n do_v not_o give_v grace_n but_o help_v to_o learn_v the_o art_n be_v the_o term_n of_o art_n give_v no_o grace_n to_o the_o study_n or_o language_n but_o only_o help_v to_o learn_v the_o art_n whereof_o they_o be_v write_v therefore_o the_o language_n be_v but_o a_o instrument_n to_o the_o science_n which_o it_o contain_v and_o be_v as_o it_o be_v the_o table_n wherein_o be_v picture_v the_o sense_n of_o the_o law_n so_o the_o civilian_n say_v tabula_fw-la picturae_fw-la cedit_fw-la and_o yet_o most_o modern_a language_n nay_o in_o a_o manner_n all_o have_v be_v force_v to_o borrow_v from_o other_o most_o language_n force_v to_o borrow_v word_n of_o other_o other_o word_n and_o name_n especial_o of_o art_n and_o invention_n neither_o can_v the_o lofty_a style_v greek_a or_o the_o more_o penurious_a yet_o pleasant_a latin_a name_v all_o thing_n in_o their_o own_o language_n according_a to_o their_o proper_a nature_n except_o they_o participate_v of_o the_o hebrew_n which_o do_v name_n thing_n according_a to_o their_o nature_n but_o that_o can_v be_v do_v by_o any_o other_o language_n so_o full_o beside_o all_o this_o it_o may_v be_v show_v that_o the_o speech_n wherein_o the_o law_n be_v write_v be_v not_o to_o be_v so_o much_o dislike_v in_o svo_fw-la genere_fw-la for_o it_o appear_v by_o the_o history_n of_o ancient_a time_n that_o when_o the_o norman_n come_v hither_o the_o french_a the_o conqueror_n command_v the_o plead_n and_o statute_n to_o be_v do_v in_o french_a plead_n of_o law_n statutes_n and_o such_o like_a thing_n be_v command_v to_o be_v all_o in_o french_a so_o say_v the_o abbot_n of_o croyland_n normani_fw-la enim_fw-la ipsum_fw-la idioma_fw-la tantum_fw-la abhorrebant_fw-la quod_fw-la leges_fw-la terrae_fw-la statutaque_fw-la anglicorum_n regum_fw-la lingua_fw-la gallica_n tractarentur_fw-la &_o pveris_fw-la etiam_fw-la in_o scholis_fw-la principia_fw-la literarum_fw-la grammaticarum_fw-la gallicè_fw-la &_o non_fw-la anglicè_fw-la traderentur_fw-la whereupon_o as_o it_o appear_v our_o statute_n which_o be_v extant_a especial_o those_o of_o edward_n the_o first_o his_o time_n though_o not_o all_o edward_z the_o second_o edward_z the_o three_o and_o so_o forward_o be_v the_o report_n in_o the_o nature_n of_o responsa_fw-la prudentum_fw-la among_o the_o roman_n take_v and_o publish_v in_o french_a which_o then_o be_v not_o account_v barbarous_a for_o in_o likelihood_n it_o be_v the_o same_o language_n which_o at_o the_o first_o be_v speak_v among_o the_o norman_n and_o so_o be_v all_o plea_n at_o the_o bar_n plead_v in_o french_a until_o the_o 36._o of_o edward_n the_o 3._o which_o although_o it_o
their_o successor_n have_v a_o more_o strict_a oath_n nor_o be_v it_o any_o disgrace_n to_o they_o that_o receive_v it_o because_o it_o belong_v unto_o latter_a time_n to_o provide_v for_o that_o which_o former_a age_n have_v leave_v undo_v and_o in_o this_o new_a oath_n no_o judge_n be_v single_v out_o or_o make_v a_o mark_n by_o himself_o which_o if_o he_o be_v it_o may_v indeed_o tend_v much_o to_o his_o disgrace_n as_o a_o great_a argument_n of_o distrust_n in_o he_o but_o whether_o this_o oath_n or_o any_o part_n of_o it_o and_o whether_o the_o latter_a if_o not_o the_o former_a be_v to_o be_v use_v or_o whether_o it_o be_v often_o or_o seldom_o to_o be_v administer_v be_v a_o matter_n which_o i_o submit_v whole_o to_o the_o censure_n of_o such_o as_o be_v most_o judicial_a and_o fit_a in_o the_o high_a seat_n of_o authority_n and_o judgement_n to_o the_o second_o point_n speak_v of_o before_o which_o concern_v the_o over-burthening_a of_o the_o subject_n by_o delay_n and_o by_o 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or_o defective_a plea_n by_o their_o take_n of_o excessive_a fee_n and_o by_o their_o absent_v of_o themselves_o from_o the_o barrs_n and_o place_n appoint_v to_o plead_v for_o their_o client_n after_o that_o they_o have_v take_v fe_n first_o the_o multitude_n of_o councillor_n councillor_n multitude_n of_o councillor_n at_o law_n and_o outer_a barrister_n be_v so_o great_a that_o many_o of_o they_o be_v not_o able_a to_o maintain_v themselves_o and_o some_o have_v few_o or_o no_o client_n at_o all_o especial_o such_o of_o the_o second_o sort_n as_o be_v name_v to_o be_v insufficient_a who_o if_o any_o suitor_n at_o law_n come_v unto_o they_o for_o counsel_n by_o reason_n of_o their_o acquaintance_n kindred_n or_o other_o private_a respect_n they_o many_o time_n send_v they_o away_o unsatisfied_a or_o if_o they_o rely_v on_o such_o weak_a councillor_n sometime_o their_o good_a cause_n for_o want_n of_o sound_a counsel_n be_v overthrow_v the_o reason_n of_o the_o multitude_n and_o 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in_o rome_n that_o no_o lawyer_n shall_v practice_v without_o his_o royal_a assent_n and_o approbation_n first_o have_v if_o the_o king_n majesty_n do_v take_v this_o course_n with_o our_o common_a lawyer_n or_o else_o assign_v some_o other_o of_o great_a authority_n and_o judgement_n in_o the_o law_n to_o take_v good_a notice_n and_o assurance_n of_o their_o sufficiency_n before_o they_o shall_v be_v admit_v to_o practice_v there_o will_v not_o be_v such_o a_o deluge_n of_o insufficient_a councillor_n at_o law_n within_o this_o kingdom_n by_o who_o ignorance_n and_o want_n of_o knowledge_n many_o man_n inheritance_n and_o estate_n be_v overthrow_v for_o their_o perilous_a advice_n of_o delay_n client_n the_o ill_a advice_n of_o councillor_n give_v to_o their_o client_n and_o of_o other_o evasion_n to_o procure_v gain_n unto_o themselves_o and_o less_o unto_o other_o it_o be_v sure_a that_o there_o be_v divers_a councillor_n at_o law_n who_o study_v nothing_o more_o than_o as_o it_o 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true_a meaning_n and_o upright_a course_n of_o law_n and_o of_o a_o good_a conscience_n by_o this_o mean_n if_o they_o who_o take_v this_o oath_n have_v any_o good_a conscience_n in_o they_o the_o expense_n of_o much_o money_n in_o law_n may_v be_v save_v and_o honest_a peaceable_a man_n keep_v from_o the_o trouble_n of_o quarrelsome_a and_o unquiet_a neighbour_n in_o causeless_o suit_n another_o abuse_n there_o be_v offer_v by_o take_v the_o excessive_a fee_n that_o councillor_n take_v the_o councillor_n at_o law_n in_o the_o take_n of_o excessive_a fee_n which_o late_a custom_n their_o extreme_a covetousness_n and_o the_o necessity_n of_o man_n estate_n in_o their_o suit_n have_v introduce_v for_o of_o late_a year_n and_o in_o the_o memory_n of_o many_o man_n yet_o live_v xx_o s._n be_v a_o good_a fee_n for_o a_o great_a councillor_n not_o only_o to_o move_v but_o to_o plead_v at_o the_o bar_n and_o if_o a_o sergeant_n at_o law_n have_v x_o s._n for_o to_o argue_v a_o case_n he_o 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