Drogheda's Regiment who finding themselves very much outnumbred and the Village no ways Tenible they retired all to a Mount nigh the middle of the same Village which they defended till the Irish were obliged to quit the place have killed us about 28 themselves leaving 16 dead upon the Streets besides several more that were killed in Plundering the Houses And several such Accidents hapned up and down the Kingdom most of which are already related in the former part of this History Towards the beginning of December his Majesty for the A Privy-Council appointed in Ireland better ordering the Affairs of that Kingdom appointed a Privy-Council and gave out new Commissions to supply the places of several Judges as yet awanting in the respective Courts of Judicature But though the Irish in and about Limerick and indeed in most other places within their Line were reduced to great necessities both as to Provisions and Cloaths yet this did not prevent them from having a very good opinion of themselves nor blunt the Edge of that Vain-glorious Boasting so peculiar to that sort of People as may appear by a pretended Declaration of the then Brigadeer Dorington's who after several invective Expressions against his Majesty and the English Government and Wheedling Insinuations to all Foreigners and others who he pretends were drawn in at unawares he promises to protect and receive into Pay all Officers or Souldiers that would forsake their Majesties Service and advance them according to their Merit or those that had no mind to serve should be Transported into France having all necessary Accommodation and be provided for in the mean time Dated at Limerick the 13th of December 1690. and Signed W. Dorington But this worthy Declaration had no other effect than to shew the folly and vanity of the Publisher only I cannot but observe what a scurvy Return those Officers and Souldiers of King William's to whom he addresses himself made him for his kind proffer since instead of going to him for his Pass into France they soon after sent his Worship himself Prisoner into England Monday the 15th of December Henry Lord Viscount My Lord Sidney goes for England Sidney being appointed one of the Secretaries of State for England set Sail for that Kingdom And on the 24th Sir Charles Porter another of the Lords-Justices came from thence being Sworn Lord Chancellour of Ireland on the 29th and then received the Purse and Great Seal from the late Commissioners We had now a part of our Army on their March towards Part of our Forces move towards the Shannon Lanesborough Pass Commanded by Major General Kirk and Sir John Lanier Lieutenant General Douglas was also upon his March towards Sligoe as was Major General Tetteau in Munster towards the County of Kerry The first Detachment beat the Irish from their Works on this side the River and staying there some time returned to Quarters as did also Lieutenant General Douglas Major General Tetteau Marched towards Ross taking a Fort called Screnelarld in his way after which the Irish set most of the Country on Fire and retreated He took also another Fort wherein were 80 of the Irish who being attacked by fifty Danes and fifty of the Kinsale Militia our Men carried the place and put most of the Enemy to the Sword Then our Party Marched towards Tralee where Lieutenant General Sheldon bad been with 21 Troops of Dragoons and 7 of Horse but with his Men had deserted the Town and made what haste they could towards Limerick resolving to force their way through Lieutenant General Ginckel's Troops who then was abroad also with a Party if they were not very much stronger or otherways to kill all their Horses and save themselves by crossing the Shannon in Boats But not being informed of this our Men returned without securing a considerable quantity of Provisiâ—â—â— then in Trallee which the Irish got afterwards to supply the Garrison of Limerick The Rapparees by this time were got to the end of the Rapparees in the Bogg of Allen. Bogg of Allen within 12 miles of Dublin and there Robb'd and Plunder'd the Country all about Fortifying an Island in the Bogg to secure their Prey which being so nigh Dublin it made a great noise So that Collonel Foulks with his own Regiment part of Collonel Cutts's and a Detachment of the Dublin Militia as also three small Field-Pieces Marched out towards them The Irish at first seemed to defend the place but as our Men advanced they quitted their Posts leaving us to fill up the Trenches they had made cross the Causeway which done Colonel Foulks Marched over into the Island of Allen where he met with Colonel Piper who had come in at the other side but the Irish betook themselves to the Woods and we only got some small Booty which they had left I have heard that my Lord Baltimore at his coming over from Ireland in King James the First 's time to give his Majesty an account of the State of that Kingdom amongst otherthings told the King That the Irish were a wicked People but had been as wickedly dealt withal I make no Applications of the Expression to our selves tho' most people that have been in that Country know how to do it But as to any publick Action little of moment hapned for some time after we returned to our Winter Quarters tho' the Rapparees being encouraged by our withdrawing were very troublesome all the Country over nor will it be amiss once for all to give you a brief Account how the Irish managed this Affair to make the Rapparees so Considerable as they really were doing much more mischief at this Upon what account the Rapparees were servicable to the Irish time o' th' year than any thing that had the face of an Army could pretend to When the Irish understood therefore how our Men were Posted all along the Line and what advantage might be hoped for at such and such places they not only encouraged all the protected Irish to do us secretly all the mischief they could either by concealed Arms or private Intelligence under the pretence of their being Plundered and abused but they let loose a great part of their Army to manage the best for themselves that time and opportunity would allow them to all these they gave Passes signifying to what Regiment they belonged that in case they were taken they might not be dealt withal as Rapparees but Souldiers These Men knew the Country nay all the secret Corners Woods and Boggs keeping a constant Correspondence with one another and also with the Army who furnished them with all necessaries especially Ammunition When they had any Project on Foot their method was not to appear in a Body for then they would have been discovered and not only so but Carriages and several other things had been wanting which every one knows that's acquainted with this Trade Their way was therefore to make a private appointment to meet at
delivering up their Arms a very small return being made through the whole Kingdom they keeping as yet some thousands of all sorts of Arms still concealed which I hope will effectually be taken care of in time The weather was now so violent that the Adventure of London was cast away going to Dublin and several other Ships lost in and about that Bay And the Swallow one of Their Majesties Ships was forced a ground nigh Charles-Fort at Kingsale and there foundred tho' all the Men were saved except two February the 12th John Stone Esq being dead and Captain South imployed elsewhere in the Army a new Commission was granted putting in their Places Colonel Foulks and William Palmer Esquires Commissioners for stating the Accounts of the Army And nigh the same time the Commissary General was sent into England with all the Muster Rolls February 16. the weather breaking up part of my Lord Oxford's Horse driven back by stress of weather Lieutenant General Ginckel's and Major General Ruvigney's Horse with the Princess Anns Foot were all Shipp'd for England The same day Lieutenant General Scravemore went on Board as did Brigadier Leveson in a day or two after Colonel Coy's Horse also are Shipp'd off at Belfast and the Garison of Athlone that had been very uneasie to the Officers and Souldiers all Winter by reason they had no shelter except some small Hutts of their own making was now relieved February the 20th the Commissioners of the Ordnance Arms and Ammunition sent for England had an Order directed to them to send all the Stores of Amunition and other Stores of War that cou'd be spared out of the Magazines for England to be employed elsewhere in Their Majesties Service and accordingly March 1692. a vast quantity of Arms and other Utensils of War were Shipt off February 28 Captain Townsend of the Earl of Meath's Regiment took eight or ten French Men Prisoners who had come a Shoar from a Privateer nigh Castle-Haven and we had an Account from England that His Majesty had Created Lieutenant General Ginckel Baron of Aghrim and Earl of Athlone February 26 An Order was directed to Colonel Foulk to break my Lord George Hambleton's Regiment which was done accordingly in some days after 150 ' of the Men being sent for England and the rest entertained in the Earl of Drogheda's Brigadier Stuart's Sir Henry Ballasis and Colonel Foulk's Regiments March the first a Pass was given out for a Ship to The Hostages go from Cork to France go to France with the Hostages left at Cork and other sick Officers and Souldiers according to the Articles of Limerick And on the third another Order was granted to Colonel Foulk for the raising five Companies of 100 Men in each of the Irish all the subaltern Officers to be of those Reformed in Colonel Wilson's and O Donnel's Battalions and the whole to be commanded by my Lord Iveigh and employed in the Emperor's Service And March the fifth an Order was directed to Mr. Foliot Sherigly chief Deputy Commissary to Disband the Troop of Provoes which was done accordingly March the 17th Lieutenant-General Ruvigny Landed Lieutenant General Ruvigny lands in Ireland from England being made Commander in chief of the Army left in Ireland and Created by his Majesty Lord Viscount Galway and two days after his Lordship and the Lord Viscount Blessington were Sworn of Their Majesties Privy Council as the Bishop of Kildare had been some time before And March the 23 d. the following Proclamation was Published declaring the War of Ireland to be at an end 1692 WILLIAM REX WHEREAS by An Act made in Our Parliament A Proclamation declaring the Wars of Ireland ended at Westminster in the First Year of Our Reign Intituled An Act for the better Security and Relief of Their Majesties Protestant Subjects of Ireland it was among other things Enacted that all and every Person and Persons whatsoever of the Protestant Religion should be absolutely Discharged and Acquitted of and from the Payment of all Quit-Rents Crown-Rents Composition-Rents Hearth-Money Twentieth Parts Payments and other Chief Rents arising or Payable out of any Houses Lands Tenements Hereditaments Rectories Tyths or Church-Livings incurring or becoming due to us at any time after the Five and Twentieth Day of December in the Year of Our Lord One Thousand Six Hundred Eighty Eight until the said Kingdom of Ireland shou'd be by us declared to be reduced and the War and Rebellion there ended We have now pursuant to the said Act of Parliament thought fit by and with the Advice of Our Privy Council to Issue this Our Royal Proclamation hereby Declaring that the said Kingdom of Ireland is reduced to Our Obedience and the War and Rebellion there ended And We do hereby Will and Require that all and Singular such Rents and Payments and all other Duties payable to the Crown which shall henceforth grow incur and become due be duely answered and payed to us in such manner and under such Penalties and Forfeitures as if the said Act had not been made Given at Our Court at Kensington the Third Day of March 1691 2. in the Fourth Year of Our Reign God save the King and Queen After which time little of moment happened save March 1692. that the Lords Justices by Directions from Their Majesties appointed a time for those that pretended to the Benefit of the Articles of Limerick or Galway to give in their Names and make good their claims by the 20th of February which time was by Proclamation enlarged to the first of April and afterwards to the 15th Wednesday the sixth of April was appointed the first Day to begin upon those Claims all those concerned being to enter their Names sometime before with the Clerk of the Council which Names were to be posted up at least ten Days before their Cause was to be heard their Claims being to be made out by at least three Credible Witnesses one of which was to be a Protestant Accordingly on the sixth of April the Council met upon this Affair and continued every Monday Wednesday and Friday so to do which was a much easier way and more to the Interest and Advantage of the Irish than any Court of Claims erected only for that purpose cou'd have been CHAP. XI A brief Account of the former and present Circumstances of Ireland The Division of it into Provinces and Counties Bishopricks and Parishes The Soil of Ireland Sir John Davis his Reasons why Ireland was so long in being entirely subjâ—cted to the Crown of England What Tanistry is This a reason why the Irish did not improve their Country Of Fosterings and Cosherings A Brief Estimate of the Expence of the former Wars of Ireland An Essay towards the reckoning the Charge of this last The former evils still remain The Interest of the King and People of England in general to advance the Power and Trade of the English in Ireland The Interest also of the Roman Catholicks
News to one another but not one in twenty either at work in the Fields or otherways Honestly imploy'd which is the Reason that at this very day most of the Goals of the Kingdom are filled with Thieves and the Streets with incredible numbers of importunate houling Beggars who yet most of them had rather Live so than otherways But I 'm afraid a great many People will think I have been too busie and therefore I have only this to say further that notwithstanding all the Wagers that have been proffer'd of late whether Ireland would not be in the French King's Hands by such a time I dare freely venture one of as great value as I am able that tho' he begin to morrow it will not be in his Power with all the Force he can spare to take it from that handful of Men left in that Kingdom for its security these Seven Years for if the Irish who were but indifferently provided for at best were able to hold it out so long against all the Power and Strength of England what can Men that have better Supplies and full as good Hearts do And as for those vain hopes of that unhappy Party An Invasion from France upon any of the three Kingdoms not very practicable at this time who are still buoyed up with the Fancy of the French King's Greatness and that he will at some time or other certainly make an Invasion either upon England Scotland or Ireland any who know what War means can assure them that it 's much sooner said than done For if his present Majesty of England was obliged to imploy nigh 600 Vessels when at his first coming he Transported only 14000 Men into this Kingdom and if the Irish War has for Three Years past imployed such a considerable number of Transport Ships in that narrow Channel between England and Ireland which lye so convenisently and contiguous one to another what Provision must needs be made in France for such an Attempt as an Invasion upon any of the Three Kingdoms which if it miscarries they are certainly undone For suppose the French still a match for our Fleet which I hope they will never be now whilst the World stands and the French Invasion designed upon England tho' there be a Factious and unnaturally discontented Party there that are no well wishers to the present Government vet there are so many Loyal and True Hearted English-Men still left at home that all the Ships in France are not able to Transport Men enough from thence to subdue them since we know their affection to both the French and Irish that are with them should they once indeavour to look into England whose Strength is in the Hearts and Affections of the People intirely devoted to Their Majesties Service I allow that 20000 well Disciplin'd and Experienc'd Men are able to beat four times the number of Raw unexperienc'd Country People but then I leave the English standing Army and a well Disciplined Militia especially in and about the City of London to shew how unwelcome the French wou'd be to them And as for Scotland its Soyl in most places is Naturally poor and barren and an Army of Foreigners Landed there must either eat Heath or one another in a small time if once they leave the Coast for admit they have Provisions brought by Sea into their Harbours yet the Country in few places is so level as to admit of either a marching Train of Artillery or of Provision Waggons which an Army has no Business any where without and soon wou'd look very foolish for want of suppose but an indifferent Enemy to oppose them Then as for an Invasion to be made upon Ireland the Country is already so destroyed by being the Seat of War that whosoever attempts it must bring all from abroad likewise as well Horses as Provisions which is no easie Task of it self suppose no opposition either at Sea or in the Country but then our Garrisons especially upon the Coasts are made so strong to our Hands by the Irish themselves by the help and directions of the best French Ingineers and are Manned with part of an Experienced and Victorious Army that it will not be the work of a few days to pick any of them out of our hands since there is Ammunition Artillery and Provisions suitable to each Garrison's Necessities And as an advantage to the established standing Army now in Ireland consisting of Colonel Woolsley's Horse Colonel Wynns and Colonel Eiklin's Dragoons Sir Jo. Hanmer's Briggadeer Stuart's Colonel Gustavus Hambleton's Earl of Drogheda's Sir Henry Bellisis Colonel Roe's Colonel Coot's Colonel St. John's Colonel Muthelburms and Colonel Creighton's Foot besides Colonel Frederick Hambleton's and three French Regiments all upon the Irish Establishment as also the Earl of Donegal's Foot and Colonel Cunningham's Dragoons now raising besides all these I say what deserves no mean Character is the Militia of Ireland being formerly at least Twenty Five Thousand Men and tho' they cannot make so many now this War having destroy'd a great many Protestants yet whoever serve now upon that account are all well Armed and Experienced Active Men which circumstances being all known to France they will scarce hazard all upon such uncertainties suppose they were really at leisure to do it as an Invasion upon any of their Majesties Dominions must needs prove It may also be remembred that the Spanyards in the A Remark upon the last that endeavoured it Year 1588 had not only a great mind to Ireland but with a powerful Army endeavoured also to Invade England in which Attempt their loss was so considerable that they have not as yet recover'd it And the disappointment that the French King met withall the very last Year in such another undertaking gives us more than ordinary hopes that thro' God's Blessing it will always so be done to the Enemies of England FINIS
AN IMPARTIAL HISTORY OF THE Wars of Ireland Let this be Printed March 2. 1692 3. Charnock Heron. A CONTINUATION OF THE IMPARTIAL HISTORY OF THE Wars of Ireland From the Time that Duke Schonberg Landed with an Army in that Kingdom to the 23 d. of March 1691 2. when Their Majesties Proclamation was published declaring the War to be ended Illustrated with Copper Sculptures describing the most Important Places of Action Together with Some REMARKS upon the Present State of that Kingdom By GEORGE STORY Chaplain to the Regiment formerly Sir Tho. Gower's now the Earl of Drogheda's LONDON Printed for Ric. Chiswell at the Rose and Crown in St. Paul's Church-Yard MDCXCIII TO THE KING's Most Excellent Majesty Great SIR THO I 'm no Soldier my self yet four years Conversation with men of that Profession has emboldened me to Address Your Sacred Majesty not for Your Royal Protection against the future Attacks of those who will call the Account I have given of their management in Ireland A new making War upon them Nor to ask Your Majesty's Patronage to a Work so imperfect which would be a Presumption impardonable But with the deepest sense of Duty and humblest Submission to beg Your Majesty's Pardon for adventuring formerly to publish some part of Your Majesty's Generous Actions and Hazardous Vndertakings in that Kingdom and now for my Ambition in repeating the same which will always be a Subject far beyond the reach of so mean a Pen as mine I have nothing to value my self upon but the honour of being imployed in Your Majesty's Service ever since Your Majesty's happy Accession to the Throne encouraged thereunto for those Reasons amongst many more That all English-men who have a pretension to the Title of being Brave never had a more happy opportunity of recovering and maintaining the Ancient Glory of this once most renowned Kingdom than under the Auspicious Conduct of Your Sacred Majesty by whose Great Example many of those whose very Constitutions were of late softned with Ease and Pleasure are now invited to Feats of Arms worthy the Off-spring of their Ancestors And what greater Comfort and Satisfaction can Men of any other Profession receive than in seeing Your Majesty still so zealous in the defence of that Interest which themselves have so great a share in May Your Majesty therefore and Your Royal Consort be as happy in Dutiful and Obedient Subjects as we are under Your most Prudent and Gracious Government to which no man can bear a greater Zeal nor pray more heartily for Your Majesties long Life Health constant Prosperity and Glory than Your MAJESTY's Most Loyal most Dutiful and most Obedient Subject GEORGE STORY THE PREFACE HE that endeavours to give an Account of so many mens behaviour as must needs be concerned in three Active Campaigns is sure to want neither Envy nor Detraction some finding fault with one thing and some with another so that it is impossible to expect or hope for the pleasing of all Parties nor indeed is it fit to endeavour it The Reputations of men however are tender things and therefore every prudent man when he has occasion to touch them will be careful to do it very nicely And yet it happens often to those that write that either through heedlesness they disoblige some that do not deserve it or out of rashness provoke others that may make them repent it in which Cases there sometimes needs an excuse for Offences given even where they never were intended Those and a great many other Considerations have not frighted me from medling with a Subject wherein not a few of the most eminent Persons of our Age have born a part and the rather because I find it has laid all this while neglected and not any one as yet besides my self has undertaken it except in some small Collections out of our publick News I endeavoured two years ago to give the World a true Account of the Matter of Fact as it happened the two first Campaigns and how Matters then stood with both the Armies And this bore the name of An Impartial History of the Affairs of Ireland the Two last Years wherein I was desirous to make the Book it self answer its Title and also to shew the great hopes there was then in gaining the whole Kingdom in a short time after which I am next about to shew you how it fell out so far as I have been able to make an enquiry into it But since it 's probable that the First Part has not reached so many Hands as this may I have here repeated some of the most material Passages from the beginning and added some few things that I have been informed of since I writ the other tho my main Design is to be as particular in the last Campaign as I have been formerly in the other two which was done by way of Journal as this is also when you come to the end of the Abridgment In all which put together you have the Principal Occurrences from Duke Sconberg's landing in that Kingdom till Their Majesties Proclamation dated at Kensington March the 3 d 1691 2. Declaring that War to be ended with some further Observations about the past and present Circumstances of that Nation The Blood spilt and Treasure spent in this unhappy War has doubtless been a sufficient Grievance to both Kingdoms yet we have no great reason to be out of humour at it now there being at that time an apparent necessity for it by which the War is also removed to a greater distance till we can gain a Firm Honourable and Lasting Peace from abroad that so Their Majesties may be at leisure to free their own Dominions from the Vices and Corruptions of a Licentious Age. But I am no Politician and therefore what I have to offer in behalf of this Undertaking of mine is only this That it was the honour I had for the Memory of that Great Man Duke Sconberg and a desire to set the World right at that time in their Judgments how Matters stood with both Armies which put me first upon the Design And the favourable Acceptance that my first endeavours met with in Ireland has encouraged me to continue them though I must be so grateful as to own the kind Resentments of some in my own Countrey also and particularly those of my Lord Bishop of Salisbury who has been pleased not only to commend the Undertaking but to honour me with the Correction of some of my Papers with his own Hand and also with an Account of the reasons for some Particulars that before I was in the dark for want of I hate to clog Truth with any Artifice nor is there any occasion for such an endeavour supposel had an inclination or skill to do it for whilst things are fresh in every ones memory if a man should be guilty of any notable and wilful Mistake that way there are a great many able to find it out I have done the Subject therefore no
contrived towards the King's Island 206 A Breach made in the Wall 210 Guns planted near St. Thomas's Island 213 Collonel Earl sent into England 214 My Lord Lisburn killed 215 A Party pass the River upon a Bridge of Boats 216 The Irish in a great Consternation 217 Debates whether the Siege should be continued or turned into a Blockade 220 Orders in case of an Alarm 222 Our Forces pass the River a second time 223 The Attack at Thoumond Bridge where six hundred of the Enemy were killed 224 A Remarkable Paper found in the Pocket of a Collonel in the Irish Army 225 The Enemy beat a Parley 228 A Cessation agreed to Hostages exchanged 229 230 The Irish Proposals rejected by the Generals ibid. Articles agreed to 231 The General 's Letter to Sir Ralph Delaval giving him an Account of the Cessation 232 A brief Account of what happened in other parts of the Kingdom during this Month 268 c. CHAP. IX THE Lords Justices come to the Camp 238 The Articles signed ibid. The Articles at large both Civil and Military with Their Majesties Confirmation of them 239 c. Our men take possession of the Irish Town 256 A Lieutenant-Collonel imprisoned for denying to go into France 257 A Declaration from the General 258 My Lord Lucan's Arguments to the Irish to persuade them to go into France 260 Their Foot drawn out and put to the trial ibid. The Lords Justices return towards Dublin ibid. Our Army decamps and goes to Quarters 263 Some of the Irish go towards Cork 264 CHAP. X. THE Campaign ended and Irish Prisoners of War released 268 Some Rapparees deliver up their Arms 269 A Proclamation of pardon to the rest ibid. The Ulster Irish return home with their Cattle 270 The French Fleet comes into the Shannon 271 Some Objections against the Articles of Limerick answered 275 The last of the Irish march from Limerick 281 The General goes to Dublin and thence for England 288 Major-General Mackay and Major-General Talmash go for England 284 The Danes ordered to be shipt off ibid. Fortifications of Ballymore and Mullingar demolished 285 Our Transport Ships that carry the Irish return from France 288 The Late King's Letter to the Irish at their Landing 289 Their Reception in France ibid. My Lord Lucan's Release to the General 292 The Irish that stay'd with us very unruly in their Quarters Orders and Instructions for breaking them all except two Battalions 294 295 The Oaths taken according to the New Act of Parliament 296 An Order to turn out all Papists from our Regiments 297 A Proclamation declaring the War of Ireland ended 302 CHAP. XI A Brief Account of the former and present Circumstances of Ireland 304 Its Division into Provinces and Counties Bishopricks and Parishes Cities and Corporations It s Soil c. 305 306 Sir John Davis's Reasons why Ireland has been so long in being intirely subjected to the Crown of England 307 What Tavistry is 309 This a Reason why the Irish did not improve their Country 310 Of Fosterings and Cosherings ibid. Ireland ought to be put into a Condition to bear its own Burden 314 What Methods the Irish first took to make the old English joyn with them 315 A brief Account of the Expences of the former War ibid. An Essay towards the Charge of this 316 A modest conjecture at the Numbers lost on both sides and in the Country during the VVar 317 The Interest of England to advance the power of the English in Ireland 318 Our Ancestors sensible of this 320 The former Evils still remain ibid. The Interest of the Irish-Papists themselves to advance the Power of England 321 Two Objections answered 322 Religion in the first place to be taken care of 323 An Invasion from France at this Juncture upon any of these three Kingdoms not practicable 326 A Remark upon the last that endeavoured it 328 A Continuation of the Impartial History OF THE WARS of IRELAND CHAP. I. A brief Account by way of Introduction of the Cause of the War The state of the Protestants in that Kingdom The Late King 's landing there The Sessions of Parliament in Ireland Protestants Routed at Drummore and other Places Derry Besieged and Relieved The Irish beat at Croom Castle Duke Sconberg lands in August 1690. Carigfergus Surrendred Newry Burnt The Army march'd to Dundalk And Encamp there nigh ten Weeks Sligo taken by the Irish A Party of theirs Repulsed at Newry The Battel of Cavan The Danes land in Ireland 5000 French Foot land at Kinsale Charlemont Surrendred THE Actions of Great Men have generally been esteemed so powerful for the instructing of those that come after that most Civil States have made it their Business to Transcribe and preserve them to posterity for their Example and Imitation Even the Irish themselves when they were far from being one of the most Reformed Nations in the World had their Bards and Ballad-makers who have taken no small pains in their way to render the Chieftains of their own Country as famous as others Nay the Greatest Generals and Emperors have in the midst of their Conquests imployed some of their time to leave the immortal Memory of their own and other Great Mens Actions in writing the omission of which has been a great defect in the middle Age of the World since those are commonly the most Competent Judges of the management of Affairs and ablest to give a true Account But because in this Fighting Age wherein we now live their time is other ways imployed and Great Men have scarce leisure to read much less to write great Books we must be contented to take the best Accounts we can get of their Actions from meaner Hands such as have been Eye-witnesses of them or at least have good grounds for what they tell us And forasmuch as the Disturbances in Ireland have made so great a noise in the Ears of all Europe whilst they lasted and my self as a constant Attendant on their Majesties Army having been an Eye-witness to the most Remarkable Occurrences I shall not scruple to tell the World all I know which as it is for the most part little else but the bare matter of Fact I hope it may not be despised though it come from so mean a Hand and in so homely a Dress I need not trouble the Reader with a long Discourse about the Occasion of the War The general Aversion of the People of England to Popery and their being ill treated by a Prince of that Persuasion made such a sudden Change in that Kingdom as the like never happened before in any Age or Countrey But Ireland was under different Circumstances the Roman-Catholick Party being there by much the stronger at least more numerous of whom my Lord Tyrconnell had during the late King's Reign been modelling an Army that might be ready on all Occasions to maintain the Popish Interest by which the Protestants in that Kingdom were brought upon the very brink of Ruine and then
Ginckel made Commander in Chief of the Army Lords Justices begin their Government The Earl of Marlborough sent with a Fleet into Ireland Cork and Kinsale taken The Irish make Attempts upon our Frontiers Part of our Army move towards the Shannon Rapparees in the Bog of Allen Those People serviceable to the Irish Interest and how My Lord Tyrconnel returns from France Sarsfield made Earl of Lucan The Irish defeated at the Mote of Greenoge Several Adventures with the Rapparees and Parlies of the Irish Army Some of our Regiments take the Field at Mullingar ON the sixth of September our Army marched to Tipperary about fourteen Miles from Limerick where they begun to disperse towards their respective Quarters And we had an Account by some Deserters that my Lord Tyrconnel and all the French Forces were Ship'd off at The French leave Ireland Gallway for France The reason of this was also enquired after by a great many that the French shou'd absolutely quit Ireland at a time when we had raised our Siege which might have given them hopes of re-gaining the next Year what they lost this at least to defend the Province of Connaught against us and so protract the War beyond what they cou'd have hoped for if the Town had been taken and that if the want of Provisions was an Objection it was easier to carry those to the Men than bring the Men to their Provisions But the reason that I have heard given for their departure was That the late King appearing very unexpectedly in France at a time when all People were over-joyed with the News of the Battel of Flerus won at Land and a Victory also gained at Sea to palliate matters therefore as to himself he laid all the blame upon the Irish that they wou'd not fight but many of them laid down their Arms in such order as if they had been Exercising which indeed some of them did Upon which the Fr. K. concluding that all was lost in that Kingdom he sent Orders to Count Lauzun to make the best of a bad Market and so come off for France as well as he could with all his Men. But the Irish taking heart of grace at our Fleets and the Dutch Armies misfortunes they held out beyond expectation And those Orders of the French Kings not coming till after His Majesty had raised the Siege of Limerick Count Lauzun waited about twelve Days for a Countermand but that not appearing he set sail for France tho' he met with contrary Orders at Sea but then it was too late For His Majesty had been a Fortnight at London before they heard at Paris that the Siege of Limerick was raised which shewed that whatever good Intelligence they might have from England or Ireland at other times they wanted it now but whether the Wind was cross or what else was the reason I am uncertain About the fourteenth we heard that Sarsfield with a part of the Irish Army had marched over the Shannon at Banoher-Bridge and besieged the Castle of Birr wherein Birr besieged by the Irish was only a Company of Colonel Tiffin's Foot who stoutly defended the Castle the only temble place but Major-General Kirk marching thither with a part of our Army the Enemy quitted the Siege and marched off At this time Count Solms who commanded in Chief was at Cashel where he received a Letter by a Trumpeter from the Duke of Berwick then at Limerick complaining that they heard of a Design of ours to send all those Prisoners we had taken at several places to be Slaves in the Foreign Plantations and withal threatning ours with the French Gallies But this was only a trick of the Irish Officers themselves to prevent their Soldiers from deserting making them believe there was a Contract to sell them all to Monsieur Perara the Jew for so much Bread which made the name of the Jew very terrible to the Irish But this was a mere Story of their own framing and therefore Count Solms sent the following Answer to the Duke's Letter Henry Count de Solms General of Their Majesties Army in their Kingdom of Ireland HAving never before heard of a Design to send those Numbers Count Solms's Answer to the Duke of Berwick's Letter of your Men we have Prisoners to the Foreign Plantations we detained your Trumpeter here for some Days in hopes we might have been able to trace this Report which you send us word is spread about of such our Intentions but no enquiry we have made giving us the least light therein we have reason to think that neither those Prisoners we have of yours need fear so long a Voyage nor those few of ours in your hands be apprehensive of yielding a small Recruit to the French King's Gallies However we think fit to declare that your Men shall severely feel the effects of any ill usage you shall offer to ours for which they may reckon themselves obliged to their Generals Given at our Head-Quarters at Cashel the 21st Day of September 1690. To the Duke of Berwick or the Officer in Chief commanding the Enemies Forces Soon after this Count Solms went for England and the Lieutenant-General Ginckel made Commander in Chief Baron de Ginckel was made Lieutenant-General and Commander in Chief of the Army who went to his Head-Quarters at Kilkenny Towards the middle of September Henry Lord Viscount Sidney and Thomas Coningesby Esquire two of the Lords-Justices went to Dublin where they took the usual Oaths of Chief Governors of that Kingdom before the Commissioners of the Great Seal and immediately begun their The Lords-Justices go to Dublin work of putting the Country in as good a condition of Safety as the nature of the times would bear Whilst the King was imployed in the Field with his Army against the Town of Limerick it was first proposed by the Earl of Nottingham to my Lord Marlborough and afterwards approved of in Councel as very Advantageous to Their Majesties Affairs to send a Party from England who joyning with a Detachment from the King's Army might reduce those two important Garrisons of Cork and Kinsale and provisions were made accordingly But not being ready so soon as was designed His Majesty upon His return for England sent the Earl of Marlborough with his own Regiment of Fusiliers Brigadier Trelawny's Princess Ann's Earl of Marlborough sent into Ireland Colonel Hastings's Colonel Hales's Sir David Collier's Colonel Fitz-Patrick's one hundred of the Duke of Bolton's and two hundred of the Earl of Monmouth's with my Lord Torrington's and Lord Pembrook's Marine Regiments CORK CITY After the taking of those two Towns the Irish that lay October 1690. in the County of Kerry made several Incursions and burnt some small Villages in the County of Cork and near the same time another Party burnt Balliboy a Village 8 miles The Irish make some attempts upon our Quarters from Birr wherein there was then six Companies of the Earl of
Irish defeated at the Mote of Greenoge Colonel Earl's Regiment advanced on the other side the Irish quitted the Pass being followed by our Horse and Dragoons towards the Mote of Greenoge where a greater Body of their Army was Posted upon the side of an Hill and those also upon seeing what happened retired into the Town at the entrance of which there was a very defensible Ditch with a Pallisado'd Work which the Irish quitted and March'd towards Athlone our Advance Party being 10 of my Lord of Oxford's Horse 12 of Sir John Lanier's Commanded by Cornet Lisle and sustained by Lieutenant Monk's Dragoons those were four choice Men out of a Company in Major General Kirk's Regiment mounted on Horseback and Commanded by Lieutenant Monk who always did Dragoon service and a Party of Colonel St. John's Foot under Captain Worth and all Commanded by Colonel Woolsley those overtook the Enemies Foot before they were got out of Town very soon obliging them to disperse into the Woods and Boggs several being killed and whilst this was adoing our Advance Party of Horse followed the Enemies Horse so fast upon the great Road that leads towards Athlone that our Body of Horse behind could not come up though they endeavour'd it by marching very hard A great many of the Irish fearing to be overtaken quit their Horses Boots and Arms making what haste they could to their usual shift the Woods and Boggs and thus it continued for six miles till they were got near Athlone They lost all their Equipage and Baggage with a great many Horses and Arms and had about Two Hundred Kill'd two Hundred kill'd We lost only one Trumpeter and had four men more Wounded Major General Kirk stayed behind and took Cairn Castle and the General at his return took Castle-Conway in some few days dispersing his Men to their respective Quarters The 28th several Rapparees were killed and hanged by the Militia near Montrath they being usually more March 1691. severe upon those sort of People than the Army was March the 7th a Cornet two Quarter-masters and some other Deserters came from the Enemy to Dublin Some Deserters come in and encouraged by the General where the General then was and received them very kindly allowing them subsistence to encourage others to follow their examples Several Ships arrive at Cork Waterford Kinsale and Dublin with Provisions and other necessaries for the Army and the Militia kill some Rapparees and bring in their Heads a Custom in that Country and encouraged by a Law which allows so much for every Head according to the Quality of the Offender though the usual way is by Proclamation from the Government wherein the Offender and his Price are March 1691. named Nigh this time three of the Danish Soldiers deserting upon Major-General Dorington's Declaration or what other Inducements I know not but they were met upon the Road between Limerick and Cashel by four others that had belonged to the Irish Army and now deserting to us these very fairly set upon the Danes took them Prisoners and brought them back to Cashel where they were afterwards hanged A Party of Colonel Villers's and some Danish Horse march from Tallow within the Enemies Frontiers kill two and take some few Prisoners And Colonel Blunt High-Sheriff of the County of Tipperary with his Militia Troop of Dragoons a Danish Troop of Horse and others to the Number of 200 went from Clonmel as far as Mitchels-Town nigh twenty Miles within the Enemies Quarters in which Expedition they kill'd forty seven Rapparees took thirteen Prisoners and burnt several Cabbins where they used to shelter Captain Palliser of the Earl of Drogheda's Regiment went with a Party from Carolante towards Portumna where he surprized some of my Lord Galmoy's Horse and took several Prisoners as also good store of rich Plunder with Arms Cloaths and several other things of value Cornet Russel and one Crofton come from the Enemies Quarters and give an Account that Balderock O Donnel had got several Men together again but wanting Arms and other Accoutrements they begun to desert And we also heard that Judge Daily was secured for being suspected to endeavour the delivering up of Gallway to our Forces And that Provisions and Forrage were very scarce in Connaught The Lords-Justices and Councel to encourage the bringing of Arms and Ammunition into Ireland by Merchants and others they set out a Proclamation declaring A Proclamation to encourage the Importing of Arms. that they shall be Duty-free pursuant to which Her Majesty made an Order of Council in England dated March the 3d. That no Duty shall be hereafter demanded or payable in Ireland for any Arms which shall be carryed to such parts of that Kingdom as are or shall be at the time of Importation under Their Majesties Obedience provided that the Parties exporting Arms from any other parts of Their Majesties Dominions do enter into sufficient Bonds for landing the same in such Parts of Ireland as aforesaid and no others The Rapparees at this time were very troublesom nigh Several Rapparees kill'd in the County of Longford Fox-Hall in the County of Longford till Lieutenant-Colonel Toby Purcel at three several times kill'd about one hundred of them in the last of which they kill'd fifty two and returning towards Quarters they were way-laid by the greatest part of Sir Donold O Neal's Dragoons Our Party were thirty five Dragoons and one hundred and forty Foot one Quarter-master Topham being with nine Dragoons commanded as an Advance-Party to view the Enemy as soon as discovered by us and seeing them in a confusion at his appearing he charged their Front who running away made all the rest of the same humour every one endeavouring to get first to their Garrison at New-Castle three were kill'd and one Dillan with four more taken Prisoners This Party its said was commanded by Lieutenant-Colonel Barnwell Upon this Defeat one Mack-Guire comes from the County of Longford with several hundreds of the Creights and most of the Stock that was left them for which and themselves they obtained Protections About the 10th of March we had an Account by some Protestants that came out of Connaught that the Irish a little after my Lord Tyrconnel's landing being out of humour with the Brass Money little or nothing being to be The Irish cry down their Brass Money had for it they cry'd it down by Proclamation the Crown piece to three Pence the Half-crown to three half-Pence the Shilling to a Penny and the Six pence to an half-penny After which the Soldiers lived upon free quarters Provisions also being scarce and no Markets for want of Money those Parts begun to be under worse Circumstances every Day We had Notice from Tallough that Sarsfield had Rendezvous'd part of his Army and some of the Irish Militia at Knockhany and that he had detached ten Men out of a Company and as many out of each Troop to Attack the Pass at
day about 10 a Clock their Reer Guard of Horse stood on the other side of Melahy their Foot vanishing out of sight toward Balynasloe for Monsieur St. Ruth being out-done in so considerable a matter as the losing Athlone he was resolved to retrieve his loss or Dye since he could not be answerable to his Master that imployed him for what had already happened and therefore he used all the means possible to strengthen his Army find out a convenient place of advantage to try his Fortune in since he saw that we were not shye in affording him opportunities now he begins to be very kind to and familiar with the Irish Officers whom formerly he had treated with Disrespect and Contempt and to Caress the Soldiers tho a little before he would Hang a Dozen of them in a morning for very slender faults as they thought he draws therefore his Army into the most convenient posture he could to watch our Motions The first thing our General did after the Town was The Dead about Athlone Buried taken was to order the Dead in and about the Town to be buryed and in the Evening all our Army was drawn up and 41 pieces of Cannon fared three rounds being seconded by the Horse and Foot and then followed Bonfires for Joy that the Town was taken which had cost us 12000 Cannon Bullets 600 Bombs nigh 50 Tun of Powder and a great many Tun of Stones shot out of our Mortars But after the Town was taken the Soldiers were many of them unruly and committed several outrages therefore it was given out in Orders that night that no Soldier should go to the Town or over the Water on pain of Death and the Sutlers that went to Dublin were ordered to go to the Hospital and take up the sick and wounded Men. And here let me observe once for all that we had much better conveniencies for our Sick and Wounded this Campaign than formerly having a great many large Tents set up in form of a Quadrangle with Quilts and other conveniencies for every Soldier nor was Dr. Lawrence Physitian to the Army Charles Thomson Esquire Chirurgeon General Mr Thomas Proby and the rest of the Chirurgeons wanting in their careful industry to recover and heal the Sick and Wounded which no doubt must be a great incouragement to the poor Soldiers when they know that if any misfortune attends them they shall undoubtedly be taken care for The Enemy Resolve to give us Battle July the 2 d. We had an account by some Deserters that the Enemies Foot were gone beyond Balynasloe and their Horse were Encampt on this side of it that they resolved to stay thereabouts and Fight us tho at present they were in a great Consternation and seem'd doubtful of their own performances A great many of the Country people and Deserters came hourly in and the General gave them all protections assuring them that they shou'd be kept Inviolable against any of our Army or others resolving to punish the Offenders with Death but on the other hand expected all conformity of dutiful Subjects to their Majesties from them and if any were found to carry Intelligence to the Enemy or harbour succour or conceal them they should suffer Death for it This day the General had an account from one Capt. Aughmouty that the Enemy had quitted Lanesbourgh and that he with his Troop had possest himself thereof July the 3 d. The General commanded his Army The Works of Aâ—hlone repaired to begin the repairing the Works of Athlone which were strangely shattered by our Cannon and not one House left whole in all the Town Especially the Castle which was beat down to the ground on the Southeast side as was also the Tower within it we fell to work therefore and put some few shattered Houses in a condition to hold our Magazines and Stores which were daily coming up from Dublin and Mullingar and without which we could not march forwards That morning William Robinson Esquire one of the Pay-masters to the Army came with Money as also many Waggons and Carts with Ammunition and other Mecessaries A Trumpeter returns with an answer of a Letter sent to the Enemy about the exchange of Prisoners The Fourth proved very Rainy yet our Men were imployed in clearing the Streets repairing the Breaches and mounting four of the Enemies Guns taken in the Town upon some of our spare Carriages That Evening a Party of 20 Horse and ten of Kirk's Granadeers A party of our Horse surprized mounted were sent out to view the Enemies Camp being Guided and Commanded by one Higgins a Converted Priest but they fell into an Ambush of 400 of the Enemies Horse in the Woods of Clanoult our men defended a Bridge and fought stoutly for some time but were at last broke 15 kill'd and 4 taken Prisoners the rest escaping with Higgins who was sadly Wounded The 5th Major General Maxwell and other Prisoners were sent towards Dublin but some of them make their escapes Three out of Col. Parker's and as many out of My Lord Antrim's Regiments deserted to us The 6th The Prisoners sent to Dublin one of our men taken Prisoner two days before was released by Lieutenant General Sheldon and that Evening it was given out in Orders to be ready to march by 5 in the morning the left Wing over the Pontoons and the right Wing over the Bridge which was now repaired and every Soldier was to have 15 shot of Powder The 7th the Army marched over the River and a Prisoner that had made his escape going to Mullingar was taken nigh Banoher and having stole a Horse he was hanged with a Rapparee guilty of the like Fact Capt. Villers returns with 30. Horse from viewing the Enemy still at Balynasloe and the Militia possess some Passes upon the Shanon And because a Declaration published this day by the Lords Justices by direction from England made a great noise both in the Enemies Camp and ours as also all the Kingdom over during the remainder of the Campaign being that upon which the Articles of Galway and Limerick and all the Irish Capitulations were afterwards founded it will not be amiss here to give you the Declaration it self at large as it was Published By the Lords Justices of Ireland a Proclamation Charles Porter Tho. Coningsby SInce it hath pleased Almighty God to give so great Success to their Majesties Arms toward the Reduction of the Kingdom of Ireland that in all probability the whole must in a short time be brought under Their Majesties Obedience with great Effusion of Blood and Destruction of Their Majesties Enemies Their Most Excellent Majesties in Compassion to their Seduced Subjects to avoid further Effusion of Blood and that nothing on Their Majesties part be wanting to Incourage and Invite all who are now in Arms against Them to subject themselves to Their Obedience and Government have Commanded us And we the Lords Justices of this Kingdom
Generalis Domini Regis Dominae Reginae pro Regno Hyberniae duximus exemplificandum per praesentes In Cujus rei Testimonium has litteras nostras fieri facimus patentes Testibus nobis ipsis apud Westmonasterium quinto die Aprilis Anno Regni eorum quarto Bridges Examinat per nos S. Keck Lacon W. Child In Cancell Magistros This Town with a good Garison in it might have July 169â— given us more trouble and so have postponed the Siege of Limerick yet considering their present Circumstances they did not manage ill in procuring for themselves those Terms which they had tho' the General might safely condescend to grant any thing included in the Lords Justices Declaration which both the Articles of Gallway and Limerick are At the same time that Gallway was Capitulating there came a Drum from Limerick which put us in hopes that all was over and that they had a mind to make Terms not only for Gallway but for the Irish Nation in general but it was only about the exchange or releasing of some Prisoners which at that time could not be granted or rather it was to understand what became of Gallway that so the others might take their measures accordingly THE TOWN OF GALLOWAY Besieged the 19th of Iuly and surrendred the 14th 1692. About ten a Clock my Lord Dillon marched out with the Irish Garison being not above two thousand three hundred men and those but indifferently armed and worse cloathed they had six pieces of Cannon according to the Capitulation four of which were Iron and drawn by six Teams of our Horses having a Guard of Horse and Dragoons from our Camp to conduct them to Limerick At twelve a Clock the General himself went into Town being attended after his entrance by the Mayor and Aldermen the Recorder making a Speech to wish him Joy In the Evening one Captain Brain O Neal with most of his Company deserted from the Enemy as did also several others and taking the Oath of fidelity to their Majesties were either dismist to their several Habitations or else were entertained in our Army as their fancy led them We found several Guns in Town unmounted and two or three very fine Brass Guns which they had not planted in any place to be made use of there was also good store of Ammunition left besides eight hundred Hogs-heads of Meal and other things of value July the 27th That part of the Army encampt beyond the River under Lieutenant General Mackay marcht through the Town and our men were set to work in improving the Fort which the Irish had formerly begun towards the South-East Corner of the Wall six of our Guns were likewise sent into Town since we had furnished the Irish with Draught-horses for so many of theirs then we levelled all the Batteries and other Works that we had begun against the place and all sick Souldiers that were not able to march were ordered to be taken care of by the Governor except such as were sent in Waggons towards Athlone The 28th we marched back to Athenree and as the Army were in motion Captain Coal with nine Men of The Army removes War and eighteen other Ships appeared in the Bay of Gallway to whom the General sent Orders to sail immediately for the Shannon the twenty ninth we marched to Lougbreagh and the next day proving very rainy the Army rested The 31th the Army marched A Squadron of Ships come into the Bay towards Airs Court a well improved place and a good Country all about but upon occasion of the Waters being swelled by the former days rain or else through the mistake of Orders the Army encamped that night in three several places which had been a good opportunity for a vigorous Enemy to endeavour the retrieving of their Losses but the Truth of it was they were at too great a distance for any such Attempt And since we have brought the Army to the end of A Brief Account of what hapned in other places of the Kingdom this month let us leave them a while on their march towards Limerick and briefly give an account of what hapned much about this time in several other parts of the Kingdom July the 1st Lieutenant Colonel Dawson marcht with a Party of the Militia towards the Comorra Mountains not far from Waterford where he killed three Rapparees and Major Stroud being one of the Officers appointed by the Government to Command the Militia in the County of Cork killed ten Rapparees near Baly-Cleugh and in ten days there were sixty more killed in that part of the Countrey adjoyning to Bandon by Lieutenant Colonel More and others of the Militia and Colonel Blunt killed five near Cashell In the beginning of April one Duppine obtained Letters Patents for the setting up a Linnen Manufacture in Ireland this was very taking at first and a great many of the Chief men in the Kingdom had shares in it On the 8th of July the Lords Justices with several of the Nobility and Judges met at the Tholsâ—ll in Dublin and there admitted several new Members of the said Corporation but what this project will come to in this Kingdom is as yet uncertain The same day our Smirna Fleet came into the Harbour of Kinsale and we had an account that our Grand Fleet was then nigh Cape-Clere About this time five and twenty Rapparees were killed near Mount Melick and part of the Militia of Roscreagh go towards Nenagh upon an expedition for black Cattle and killed ten Rapparees one Captain Warren killed nine also in the County of Killkenny On the 17th ten Ships with Mortars Bombs Ammunition c. came from Dublin to Kinsale being part of those convoyed afterwards by Captain Coale to Limerick and then our Fleet convoyed the Smirna-Fleet from Kinsale towards England Ships also came to Waterford with one hundred Recruits for the Brandenburg Regiment who suffered much in the former Siege of Limerick and some few also for the Danes John Weaver Esq High Sheriff of the County of Westmeath by Order from the Government gives Protections to several Rapparees and those discover a knot of Rogues twenty three of whom were killed by the Militia and three Gun-smiths also who were at work for them on a Forge built in the midst of a great Wood. July the 20th a Party of the Irish Army appear nigh Cashell but marched off again without attempting any thing And Colonel James Barry with a Party of the Militia killed five and thirty Rapparees near Tallough but being way-laid by the Enemy most of his Party were killed or taken Prisoners and himself carried to Limerick where he remained a Prisoner till the Town was surrendred The 22 d. three Rapparees were killed near Cork and four more towards Cahir The 23 d. Lieutenant Colonel Ramsey Captain Kingsly and other Officers with one hundred Souldiers out of Colonel Venner's Regiment formerly Sir Edward Deering's joyned with four hundred of the Militia marched towards
â—hall be given up it shall be valued and the price deâ—ucted out of what is to be paid for the Provisions to be â—urnish'd to the Troops on Ship-Board 27. That there shall be a Cessation of Arms at Land â—s also at Sea with respect to the Ships whether English Dutch or French designed for the Transporâ—â—tion of the said Troops until they shall be returned â—o their respective Harbours and that on both sides â—hey shall be furnish'd with sufficient Pass-Ports both â—or Ships and Men and if any Sea-Commander or Captain of a Ship any Officer Trooper Dragoon or Soldier or any other Person shall act contrary to this Cessation the Persons so acting shall be punished on â—ither side and satisfaction shall be made for the wrong â—hat is done and Officers shall be sent to the Mouth of the River of Lymerick to give notice to the Commanders of the English and French Fleets of the present Conjuncture that they may observe the Cessation of Arms â—ccordingly 28. That for surety of the Execution of this present Capitulation and of each Article therein contained the Besieged shall give the following Hostages 29. If before this Capitulation is fully executed there happens any Change in the Government or Command of the Army which is now commanded by Generaâ— Ginckel all those that shall be appointed to command thâ— same shall be obliged to observe and execute what iâ— specified in these Articles or cause it to be executeâ— punctually and shall not act contrary on any aâ—count D'Vsson Le Chevalier de Tessee Latour Monfort Mark Talbot Lucan Jo. Wauchop Galmoy M. Purcell ARTICLES agreed upon the Third Day of October 1691. between the Right Honourable Sir Charles Porter Knight and Thomas Conyngesby Esq Lords Justices of Ireland and his Excellency the Baron De Ginckel Lieut. General and Commader in Chief of the English Army on the one part and the Right Honourable Patrick Earl of Lucan Percy Viscount Gallmoy Col. Nic. Purcell Col. Dillon and Col. John Browne on the other side on the behalf of the Irish Inhabitants in the City and County of Lymerick the Counties of Clare Cork Kerry Sligo and Mayo in consideration of the surrender of the City of Lymerick and other Agreements made between the said Lieut. Gen. Ginckel the Governour of the City of Lymerick and the Generals of the Irish Army bearing Date with these Presents for the Surrender of the said City and Submission of the said Army 1. THat the Roman Catholicks of this Kingdom shall enjoy such Privileges in the Exercise of their Religion as are consistent with the Laws of Ireland or as they did enjoy in the Reign of King Charles the Second and Their Majesties assoon as their Affairs will permit them to summon a Parliament in this Kingdom will endeavour to procure the said Roman Catholicks such further Security in that Particular as may preserve them from any disturbance upon the account of their said Religion 2. All the Inhabitants or Residents of Lymerick or any other Garrison now in the possession of the Irish and all Officers and Souldiers now in Arms under any Commission of K. James or those Authorized by him to grant the same in the several Counties of Lymerick Cork Kerry Clare Sligo and Mayo or any of them and all the Commission'd Officers in their Majesties Quarters that belong to the Irish Regiments now in being that are treated with and who are not Prisoners of War or have taken Protection who shall return and submit to Their Majesties Obedience their and every of their Heirs shall hold possess and enjoy all and every their Estates of Free-hold and Inheritance and all the Right Title and Interest Privileges and Immunities which they and every or any of them held enjoyed or were rightfully entitled to in the Reign of K. Charles the Second or at any time since by the Laws and Statutes that were in force in the said Reign of King Charles the Second and shall be put in possession by order of the Government of such of them as are in the King's Hands or the Hands of his Tenants without being put to any Suit or Trouble therein and all such Estates shall be freed and discharged from all Arrears of Crown-Rents Quit-Rents and other publick Charges incurred and become due since Michaelmas 1688 to the Day of the Date hereof and all Persons comprehended in this Article shall have hold and enjoy all their Goods and Chattels real and personal to them or any of them belonging and remaining either in their own Hands or in the Hands of any Persons whatsoever in Trust for or for the Use of them or any of them And all and every the said Persons of what Profession Trade or Calling soever they be shall and may use exercise and practise their several and respective Professions Trades and Callings as freely as they did use exercise and enjoy the same in the Reign of K. James the Second provided that nothing in this Article contained be construed to extend to or restore any forfeiting Person now out of the Kingdom except what are hereafter comprized Provided also That no Person whatsoever shall have or enjoy the Benefit of this Article that shall neglect or refuse to take the Oath of Allegiance made by Act of Parliament in England in the first year of the Reign of their present Majesties when thereunto required 3. All Merchants or reputed Merchants of the City of Lymerick or of any other Garrison now possessed by the Irish or of any Town or Place in the Counties of Clare or Kerry who are absent beyond the Seas that have not bore Arms since Their Majesties Declaration in February 1688 9 shall have the Benefit of the Second Article in the same manner as if they were present provided such Merchants and reputed Merchants do repair into this Kingdom within the space of eight Months from the Date hereof 4. The following Officers viz. Col. Simon Lutterill Col. Rowland White Maurice Eustace of Yearmanstown Cheviers of Maystown commonly called Mount-Linster now belonging to the Regiments of the aforesaid Garrisons and Quarters of the Irish Army who are beyond the Seas and sent thither upon Affairs of their respective Regiments or the Army in general shall have the Benefit and Advantage of the Second Article provided they return hither within the space of eight Months from the Date of these Presents and submit to Their Majesties Government and take the above-mentioned Oath 5. That all and singular the said Persons comprized in the Second and Third Articles shall have a General Pardon of all Attainders Outlawries Treasons Misprisions of Treasons Premunires Felonies Trespasses and other Crimes and Misdemeanors whatsoever by them or any of them committed since the beginning of the Reign of K. James the Second and if any of them are attainted by Parliament the Lords Justices and the General will use their best Endeavours to get the same Repealed by parliament and the Outlawries to be Reversed gratis
Officers desired might be made good after the coming of the French Fleet And first it was but reasonable seeing it was within the intent of the Articles Secondly It was Prudence not to deny it since the French Fleet being Eighteen Men of War Four Fireships and Twenty Ships of Burden were certainly too hard for Captain Coal and his Squadron then in the Shannon and might have put what Men and Provisions they pleased into the English Town our Army also being gone to Quarters we had only Five Regiments in the Irish Town with my Lord Drogheda's and my Lord Lisburn's Encamp'd without the Walls Provisions also were so scarce with us that our Men had only a Pint of Meal a Day allowed them and the Irish in the other Town were not only more in number but better provided so that if Justice could not have obliged the General to the Confirmation of that Clause yet discretion at that Juncture would In a Day or Two after the Articles were Signed we had News that the French Fleet was come to Dingle Bay with Ammunition and all sorts of Provisions for the Relief of the Town this made the Irish Great Officers hang their Heads to think they should so easily part with a place of that importance or rather how they could Answer it to the French King who had been at all that expence and hazard in order to their Relief but the opportunity was lost in doing it no sooner which some have look'd upon since as one of the falsest steps made in France of a long time our King being now at leisure to visit them instead of their supporting his Enemies in Ireland And tho' the French Fleet came too late to Relieve the Some Objections against the Articles of Limerick Answered Town yet I hope it may not be impertinent to endeavour the Answering some Objections that have been since made against the Capitulations of Limerick As if the Lords Justices and the General had condescended too far in granting the Irish any Terms at all at least such as they did which put them into a Condition of Revolting again whensoever an opportunity offered it self That therefore Providence seem'd now to have given the Irish up as the Barbarous Nations were formerly to the Jews and that if this occasion was neglected of putting it out of their power for ever hereafter to endanger the English Interest Or if it was not made a right use of by which they understood destroying of them Root and Branch then we might certainly expect that all the Expence and Blood it has cost England in their Reduction will in a small time signifie nothing since it 's observed that the Irish of themselves are a sloathful People naturally inclined to Spoil Rapine Stealth and Oppression bred in no Trades Manufactures or other ways of Civil Industry to live by in times of Peace wherein they never did nor can endure to continue long loving always a savage and unbridled kind of Life And therefore when one opportunity is neglected of destroying them it will be the Justice of God to make them afterwards the Instruments of our punishment as they have been hitherto And thus Argue a great many People of that Countrey who pretend good experience and that very lately for what they say But as to those Comparisons between us and the Jews the Irish and the Barbarous Nations formerly Inhabiting Judea there can be no just proportion made to draw any reasonable Conclusions from since the Irish are Christians as well as we tho' misled and abused in a great many points and have a natural right to their Countrey which several of them have never forfeited by any Rebellions how forward soever others may have been And for my own part I must own my self of the Opinion that any Policy that is founded in Blood and tends to the destruction of Mankind is not so warrantable by the Law of God as some people endeavour to make it excepting that one Instance of the Jews which is no precedent to any other People And what means soever may be used for the procuring of Unity or Settlement in a Countrey Men must at the same time be careful not to deface and dissolve the Bonds of Christian Charity nay of humane Society since acting the contrary is but to dash the second Table against the first and so to consider others as of this or that Persuasion and treat them ill upon that account is to forget that they are Men as my Lord Bacon has formerly observed And indeed to me it seems full as unreasonable to destroy other People purely because they cannot think as we do as it is for one man to ruine another because the outward Figure and Shape of his Body is not the same with his own Nor can I imagine that the destruction of those men if they really had been in our power could any way have contributed either to the profit or further advancement of the Interest of that Country since the Act of Settlement of the Crown of England upon their present Majesties very deliberately provides That no Papist or any one marrying a Papist shall for ever hereafter be capable to inherit the Imperial Crowns of these Kingdoms And the late swearing Act relating to Ireland entituled An Act for abrogating the Oaths of Allegiance and Supremacy in Ireland and appointing other new ones are both very considerable Advantages to the Protestant Interest in that Kingdom and no doubt it will be easier for the Government to observe and keep their part of those Articles than for the Irish themselves to do their duty which will be seen in time and there are other convenient Maxims to be observed which being things out of my way I do not pretend to consider them what I have to offer upon this Head being rather Matter of Fact than Argument and that by comparing the state of the Irish at Lymerick and other Places of the Kingdom at the making of these Articles with their Condition at their surrendring up all in the former Wars In the former Wars of Ireland the City of Lymerick was surrendered to Ireton on the 29th of October 1651 upon severe Articles the Governour the Titular Bishop of Lymerick and twelve more being excepted by name and some of these were afterwards executed but during the Siege the Irish lost 5000 men of whom the Plague destroyed many more than the Sword 1300 only marched out and about 4000 Irish remained within Cox Vol. 2. p. 69. Then Galway was surrendered on the 12th of May following to Sir Charles Coot and on the 27th of June Major General Ludlow frighted the Garrison of Ross in Kerry into a Surrender by a small Vessel that he was bringing over the Hills to put into the Lough that surrounds Ross-Castle Rosscommon and James-Town had surrendred to Col. Reynolds on the 27th of April before and Inchylough surrendred to Col. Zanchy on the first of August at what time the Lords of Westmeath and
Rex sub eo paratus ad servitium suum ut homo suus c. And King Henry the II. making William Fitz Audelm his Lieutenant of Ireland he hath it thus in his Commission Archiepiscopis Episcopis Regibus Baronibus omnibus fidelibus suis in Hibernia salutem King John also granted divers Characters unto the Irish Lords under the Title of Kings and so did Henry the III d. unto a Petty-King of Thoumond Rex Regi Thoumond Salutem c. Those Governed the People by their Brehon Laws they made their own Magistrates and Officers they Pardoned and Punished all Malefactors and made War and Peace one with another without Controulment After which several Attempts were made and Rebellions more or less broke out in every King's Reign And to omit those of Perkin Warbeck and others in the Reign of Henry 7. The Rebellion of Fitz Gerald and the rest of that Faction in King Henry 8th's time in the Year 1535. cost England Forty Thousand Pounds a Summ reputed so great in those days and so much disturbed that blustering Prince that he called the appeasing this Rebellion a New Conquest and put the Question to his Council how Ireland should be managed to bear the Charge of its own preservation and whether by Act of Parliament every Man's Estate should not be made liable to contribute its proportion or wehther by Virtue of this New Conquest the King might not seize on all the Estates of that Kingdom Temporal and Spiritual Cox 242. But tho' this wou'd not do yet he found out another A Statute against Absentees way to make a Statute against Absentees whereby a great part of the County of Carlow was taken from the Duke of Norfolk and other Lands from other great Men and from some Monasteries in England that held Land in Ireland for that by the absence of these and the neglecting their own private Estates whereby the Irish daily gained ground they brought the Publick into danger However this Rebellious Spirit continued in Ireland all Queen Elizabeth's time even to the ninth of King James the First as Sir John Davis observes but if he had lived in our days he wou'd have seen good reasons to say it was always the Genius of the People And one Mr. Lawrence has since that endeavoured to prove that Ireland was never intirely subjected to the Crown of England nor the Lands properly called the King's Lands until the Act of Settlement passed in the 12th Year of King Charles the Second for before this the Chief Inhabitants in all Cities and Towns were Papists as Sheriffs Justices of the Peace c by which means that Party was wonderfully encouraged and strengthened and besides the Irish before the late Rebellion were by far the greatest Proprietors tho' afterwards they enjoyed not much above a fifth part of the whole that is in propriety by which means and the industrious Management of some of the Chief Governours the English Interest was very far advanced in this Country before the death of King Charles the Second for tho' some Clouds arose before yet the Sun shone pretty clear till the Death of that Monarch made it more than Twilight with the English of that Country and then the late dark Night of Confusion approached so suddenly that it gave them no time to set things in Order till they cou'd not in a manner see where they were a going This put a full stop to the Carreer of all their Prosperity for a great many considerable Buildings and other Improvements in and about Dublin and other places in the Kingdom being pretty far advanced at that Juncture they were left off very abruptly the Workman throwing away his Tools and the Husbandman neglecting his Plow at the News as if they had then foreseen their approaching Misery and were amazed to find the Irish arm so fast on all hands by which they were assured that other sorts of Weapons than they had used for the Country's improving were soon like to grow more in fashion and that to the undoing of what themselves had so honestly endeavoured to make up So that the Irish were not then nor indeed are as yet so subdued as that no further Storm may ever be feared to arise from that corner And certainly the not thorowly endeavouring to make Ireland bear the Charge of its own preservation has in all Ages been very much to the disadvantage of Ireland shou'd be put into a Condition to bear its own Burden England But to carry this no higher than the Year 1595 the time of Tyrone's Rebellion which Cambden in his Annals tells us cost 1198717 l. to suppress Or if we compute the Charge of its first Conquest and the suppressing the several Rebellions from that time till this of Tyrone's to cost but double as much as this did as they needs must since before that Ireland never enjoyed seven Years peace at one time Then I say long e're this all those Rebellions had been forgot and the Trade and Product of Ireland more than trebly recompenced England for her former Blood and Treasure But as the Degenerate English grew more and more in love with the Irish and their Customs and so took their part against England The Charges encreased to more prodigious Sums and they generally make use of it as a great Argument for what they did of late that it was the Blood and Treasure of their Ancestors that first gained that Kingdom to the English Interest and therefore tho' they differed in Opinion yet it was very unreasonable that they should be quite excluded from sharing in the Government with those that were of a much later Date But this Objection is of an older standing than either the former War or this last for we are told that so great Heats have arose formerly between the English of Birth and the English of Blood in Ireland that they held different Parliaments and endeavoured by all means Possible to ruine one another But 't is observ'd by very Learned Men in this Kingdom that tho' the English have often fallen out amongst themselves and there were generally found in many places of the Kingdom such of English extraction as would joyn with the Irish against England yet the People of the Pale were always firm and Loyal to the Crown and the greatest strength that England had against the Irish Nation for which they were often plentifully Rewarded 'till in the Year 1641 they all broke loose which they say was occasioned thus Tho since the first Conquest of Ireland there have been continued feuds in that Kingdom between the People of both Nations upon the account of Interest yet when the Reformation was once set on foot the Breach was widned upon that account it being what the Natives of that Country have always endeavoured to destroy and with it the English Interest there but finding this a very difficult Task by reason that the old English of the Pale tho' many of them were of
Prosperity of Ireland that thereby it might not only support it self in time of Peace but defend and maintain it self in War which nothing but promoting its Trade and Wealth will do For what Ireland cannot do in order to its safety England must supply to prevent its own danger since if ever a Foreign Enemy Surprize and Possess Ireland especially the French then England must maintain a greater Standing Force to secure themselves than wou'd have secured Ireland if imploy'd in its defence it being no groundless Saying of some Old-fashion'd Poet. He that wou'd England win Must with Ireland first begin For tho' in former times when little or no Shipping appear'd upon these narrow Seas and France and other Countries knew not what it was to have a Fleet and there was but small Commerce even between England and Ireland themselves yet in this active Age of the World it wou'd go very hard with England if the French shou'd possess Ireland who have all the Harbours from Dunkirk to Brest and if they had Cork Baltimire and Bantry where wou'd our Western Trade be Besides by the possessing the Eastern Coasts of Ireland they wou'd surround three parts in four of England and a great part of Scotland and cou'd Invade either when they pleas'd which wou'd necessitate England to be always at the Charge of a Considerable Standing Army and then farewell both their Wealth and long enjoy'd Liberty And so sensible have our Ancestors been of something or other to be done in this Affair that Sir Henry Sidney that most excellent Governour who had spent great part of his time in that Kingdom holding a Parliament Our Ancestors sensible of this there for a Subsidy in the Eleventh Year of Queen Elizabeth He with the Lords and Commons in the Preamble to the Act of Parliament thus express themselves to the Queen Considering the infinite masses of Treasure able to purchase a Kingdom that your Noble Progenitors have exhausted for the Government Defence and Preservation of Your Majesties Realm of Ireland c. Which Evils still remaining the Remedies are as yet The former Evilâ— still remain to be found out at least to be put in practice for tho' the War be now happily ended yet there are at this day at least three differnt Interests on Foot in that Kingdom the English Irish and Scots the first of which seem to be the least concern'd in their own advancement but the last gain ground daily in the North there being at least Ten Thousand People come thither out of Scotland within these Twelve Months which in time will make their Party Considerable for the People of England live better than the Scots at home and so are not so easily invited to look abroad Whereas the Scots their part of Ireland by this means in a few Years is like to be more than it has been And as to the Irish every one sees their indefatigable Industry in promoting the Interest of their own Party no discouragements being able to blunt but rather serve to sharpen their endeavours for the effecting of what they believe may be some steps towards their future Prosperity making every particular Man's Case a general Grievance and each assisting other as being all concerned in the same general cause whilst the English even in that Country who still feel the smart of their former Calamities will yet rather sett their Lands to an Irish Man or a Scot that shall give them Sixpence in an Acre more and never improve it further than to an English Farmer that if he had Encouragement wou'd in a few Years make good Improvements which will still continue one great reason why Ireland will not easily be made an English Country But I can carry the matter yet higher and affirm that The Interest of the Irish Papists themselves to Advance the Power of England it 's the real Interest of the Roman Catholicks of Ireland themselves whether of Irish or English Extraction to promote that of England as much as they can in their Country if they will but consult the future safety of themselves and their Posterity since without the support of some other Nation they can never hope of themselves to be an Independant Kingdom and if they were we scarcely can find out how they wou'd agree amongst themselves who should Command or who Obey which they never could yet from the beginning do and what did the Irish ever get by accompanying either their Lords or Followers into Rebellion Or what should they have gotten if the late Attempt had absolutely succeded but a more absolute Servitude under the French And therefore it 's better for them to have their old English Friends they have been so long acquainted with than run the hazard of either setting up new Tyrants of their own or having them come to 'em from abroad Besides if the English Interest were strong and powerful in Ireland this wou'd cut off the hopes of all disaffected People for ever thinking to withstand it and wou'd make them reject all Tenders from abroad and Inticements from their Jesuited Priests at home and never wou'd they more run such desperate Risks which still fall upon their own heads at last so that if the English Interest were so fortified that all hopes of removing it were cut off the Irish would not be prevailed upon to make such destructive attempts to themselves and Posterities as they often have done hitherto by the Insinuations of their Priests who have nothing to lose nor Families to provide for but only hazard the Lives and Fortunes of others that have both Since as Sir William Petty observes there are and ever will be in England Men ready for any Exploit and Change either by being discontented with their present Condition or otherways well inclined to the service more than are sufficient to quell any Insurrection which the Irish can make and abide by Which wou'd spare both the Blood and Treasure of England if those of that Nation in Ireland cou'd do it of themselves There are only two Objections that I know of which Two Objections answered seem to be considerable against this Opinion of promoting the Trade and Wealth of Ireland The first that if Ireland should be encouraged so far as to make it altogether an English Country it would drain the wealth and Inhabitants of England to that degree that we should impoverish our selves by putting our Trade into their hands who wou'd be equal if not Superiour to us in a small time since their Country lies as Convenient in all respects for Trade as ours and has several Advantages above it Answer This would rather incourage England to be more industrious in Trade and Manufactures when they saw their younger Sister of Ireland by having the same priviledges of Trade with her self begin to contend with her in this particular and would create a profitable emulation amongst the People of both Kingdoms since I have not that Opinion of Trade that
injury but by my own defects which by this means I have exposed to the publick Censure of all People I have seen a great part of the most notable Adventures however from the beginning to the end and want only skill to give a good Account of them By-standers commonly see more than those actually ingaged in Battel here every man is tied to his Post and minds the Business only that is before him when those that are Lookers on have nothing else to do but to observe So that wherein I have been defective in this Point is more for want of Judgment than Opportunity and those that are Judges in the Military Art I hope will pardon me where I have made use of Terms that are not proper to that Profession But besides what Observations I have been able to make my self I have had the benefit of several Diaries and some of those writ with good skill I have look'd over all our Publick Accounts too and been freely allowed the advantage of several Publick Papers and Letters at the Secretary of War's Office and other places so that you have all that I know of the matter and I hope it 's no crime in me to know no more than I do tho I will not warrant what I have said from being guilty of several Mistakes for men relate things generally as they conceive 'em and of many that have seen the same thing few there are that relate it alike every one speaking of it according to his own Notions or as his mind is turned by clear or confused Conceptions which alone may be sufficient Encouragement to any judicious Undertaker to be at the pains to compleat the Work especially when they see a thing of that Importance so slovenly managed Tho I am the first that has chalked out the way and have some Reasons to believe that whoever writes afterwards upon this Subject will take more upon Trust than I have done There is already published An Account of the State of the Protestants in Ireland under the late King's Reign most of whom found it true by experience what is there at large related which is the reason that at this day in Ireland you 'l find no Jacobites but Papists Some of whom I hear have made it their boast That they have answered that Book but I 'm sufficiently assured That the Reverend Author who writ it is able to make it good And what credit one of the Romish Faith and an Irish Evidence too will gain by contradicting pure Matter of Fact any sober man may easily foresee Sir Richard Cox has also been pleased to say That he will oblige the world with a Third Volume of his History upon which Considerations I have said little of things before our own Landing and afterwards have for the most part confined my self to matters relating to the Army even in which if we take things as they rise there have been several Actions on our side that have made but an indifferent Figure to us who possibly did not stand in a good light and so could not discern the true Reasons of things only we ought to be satisfied that Publick Authority is not to be subject to the private Passions and Opinions of the people nor the Laws of Government either in Armies or elsewhere to the Fancies of every pretender Some perhaps may ask what part of our Army had the greatest Interest in the Glory of those Victories which we have gained in that Kingdom we being composed of so many different Nations which must needs create Emulation if not Envy it self It has been an Observation before my time That all people generally have a good opinion of themselves and magnifie their own Countrey-men either as to Courage or Customs though it be often without the least shew of Reason The Turks you see contemn us and we them as much The Grecians in former times called all the world but themselves Barbarians and now they are as much despised by most people The Italians deride the French and they again scoff at the Italians The Spaniards laugh at all and every Countrey again at them We call the Irish Wild and Rude and they think to be even with us in calling us English Churles and other Names of Reproach and notwithstanding they were worsted yet their Officers would confidently affirm That their men had as much Courage as those that beat them The Danes too magnified their own Actions and the Dutch and French did as much for themselves yet if you 'l grant me but for this once to be impartial I can affirm by often-repeated experience That I never saw any thing contemn Death to that degree and that too in all shapes as the English Officers and Soldiers did upon all occasions And if any endeavour to take the greatest part of the Glory of that War from them they do them not that Justice which the Merit of their Cause deserves Not that other people did not behave themselves very well but the Numbers of no other Nation were equal to ours or if they had can I by any means allow they could have out-done us I have done our Enemies all the Justice in every point that the Merit of their Cause would bear and that too from several of their own mouths upon whose Credit I have related many Circumstances And as to our own side I am very far from having the least prejudice to the Person of any man nor if I had could I ever persuade my self to take so poor a Revenge if any as to asperse him unjustly this would be my own loss and not his So that if any man happen to be injured by what I have said though there 's a great difference between being wronged and offended I declare it no wilful Mistake and shall be very ready to ask his Pardon which I will not do to any man for saying what I know to be true But what I am most sorry for is That I question not but a great many Gentlemen have deserved very well in this War tho it has been my Misfortune not to know their Names and yet I hope that Time and a more diligent Enquiry will do them Justice What I have writ towards the end of the Book concerning the past and present States of that Countrey was done with the rest in April last when the noise of the French Descent filled every ones ears and the same discourse being now revived I shall let it stand as it is with this Remark That though I am no Prophet yet if they do make an Attempt I hope they 'l have the same Fate that others have had before them Whatever my Account of these matters may be yet the Maps that I have inserted which illustrate the principal Battels and Sieges are very good and cost no small Pains and Charges to bring them to that perfection But when I read over these Papers my self I find the Stile of the whole harsh and unpleasant which must needs be
or else to remove with the whole Army to some more likely Pass which wanted not its inconveniencies neither since by this means the Enemy were encouraged and our own men disheartened at the beginning of the Campaign and not only so but upon our removing there was a way open for the Enemy even to Dublin it self at least into all the Countries adjacent by which means we must expose at least our Provisions to hazzard and so be forced to go back to make a defensive instead of an offensive War And on the other hand to make an Attack upon the Town not to succeed and then be forced to remove wou'd be of more fatal Consequence However the Duke of Wertenberg the Major Generals Mackey Talmash Ruvigny and Tetteau urged that no brave Action could be attempted without hazzard and considering the goodness of our own men and the faintness of the Enemy in all great Attacks that had been made upon them hitherto they stood up for the probability of the attempt proffering themselves to be the first that shou'd indeavour to force the Enemies Works in their own persons particularly Major General Talmash very forward and instrumental in promoting was of it which they happily performed accordingly for the Detachment drawn down the day before was ordered still to be in a readiness and A Party ordered to pass the River the General gave Command that they should be all brought three days before by three of the Danes one being a reformed Officer who with two more boldly ventured in the face of all their Works and in opposition to their Vollies which were made at them and that at Noon-day and found passable so that all things being in this order six minutes past six a Clock Capt. Sandys and two Lieutenants led the first Party of 60. Granadeers all in Armour and 20 a Breast seconded by another good Body who all with an amazing resolution took the River the Stream being very Rapid and deep at which time our Great and Small Shot began to play from our Batteries and Works on our side upon the Enemies Works on the other and they fired as thick as possible for them upon our men that were passing the River who forced their way thro Fire and Smoak and gaining the other Bank the rest laid Planks over the broken part of the Bridge and others were laying the Bridge of Boats by which our men past over so fast that in less than half an hour we were Masters of the Town and all the Trenches except one beyond the Town for the Irish being amazed at the suddenness of the thing and the resolution of our men with no great difficulty began to give ground and soon after made the best of their way towards their Camp tho a great many of them were killed in their Works and yet it 's observable that our men when they saw themselves really Masters of the Town were not at all forward to kill those at their mercy tho it was in a manner in the heat of Action but the Rubbish and Stuff thrown down by our Cannon was more difficult to climb over than a great part of the Enemies Works which occasioned our Soldiers to Swear and Curse even amongst the Bullets themselves upon which Major General Mackay told them that they had more reason to fall upon their Knees and thank God for the Victory and that they were brave men and the best of men if they would Swear less The Soldiers however got good store of Plunder What Stors were â—â—und in Town amongst the Ruines and a great many dead men were found in the Castle there were six Brass Guns and two Mortars in Town with about 20 Barrels of Powder 12 Hogsheads of Meal some Wheat and a great many other things We lost in this Action only 12 men and Lieutenant Col. Collumbine with 4 more Officers and 30 Soldiers wounded The Enemy they say lost 500 at this attack and as many more during the Siege as made them 1200 amongst whom were Col. O Gara Col. Richard Grace Col. Art Oge Mackmahon two of the Mack Genuess and several others there were taken Prisoners Major General Maxwell a French Adjutant General Capt. Dalton one Capt. more and two Lieutenants with about 60 private Men. At our mens first entering the River an Express An Express sent to Saint Râ—th was sent from the Town to Monsieur St. Ruth then in the Irish Camp signing Articles against My Lord Tyrconel as some say but going out a shooting as others report who when he heard the news said it was impossible that the English should pretend to take a Town and he so near with an Army to Succour it but being very soon assured that the English were actually possest of the place he lamented his misfortune extreamly and ordered several Detachments to beat the English out again but then he was sensible of a former oversight in not demolishing those Fortifications of Athlone next his own Camp for now the English possest their own Works entire against themselves Tho some say that St. Ruth had given orders for those Works to be thrown down the next day several Parties however of the Irish both Horse and Foot came in all hast towards the Town and stopt their men that were running away at the furthest Trenches Upon which Col. Gustavus Hambleton advanced with a Party of Granadeers and there was a pretty warm dispute for some time and Major General Maxwell newly made a Prisoner was confident they would beat us out again but when he saw them retreat upon our mens advancing and firing he was soon convinced of his mistake Athlone it seems in the last Wars was neither well fortified nor provided for Sir Charles Coot with 2000. choice Horse and as many Foot went towads Sligoe and made a shew of sitting down before it but slipt over the Curlue Mountains and with no great difficulty took Athlone as also Portumna whilst Ireton with the main Body of their Army forced Killalow Pass and sat down before Limerick But this last was an Action that is scarce to be parallelled in History that a strong Town shou'd be taken by Storm cross a great and rapid River when a powerful Army lay within less than two Miles to support it but the same providential attendance that waited upon us at first did now and afterwards assist us But it will not be improper to leave the General and his Army for a while at Athlone and see what happened in these active times in several other places of the Kingdom for tho the Irish had drawn most of their Forces towards Athlone with a design if possible to oppose our passing the Shannon yet they being at this time all of one side and consequently very numerous they ordered matters so as a great many Rapparees and some of their Army were left in different parts of the Kingdom especially in the Counties of Cork Sligoe and Kerry who waited all opportunities to
Ties of Nation Blood and indeed of Interest But as the Nature of Man is apter to degenerate than improve so do the English oftner fall in love with the Barbarous Customs of the Irish than on the contrary Hence we read of the Earl of Desmond's complaining that the English were taking away their Estates and Countrey and advises the Irish to join with him in their Defence and yet his own Family had not been then in Ireland above three Generations and not that difference of Religion between them and the Natives as now and it 's observable that several Families removing out of England into Ireland call themselves by the Counties in England from whence they came for two or three Generations and then forgetting those they often turn meer Irish for put a drop of Wine into a pint of Water and it presently so far incorporates as you can by no means discern it so is it often with an English Family that has the Misfortune to be planted amongst the meer Irish for it soon becomes of the same stamp with themselves The consequence of which has been lookt upon to be so pernicious to the English Interest in that Country that not only the English have been forbid Cohabitation with the Irish but there was a time when Thomas Lord Burrough then Lord Deputy of Ireland amongst other Instructions had Charge to enquire what English Vndertakers had contrary to their Covenants suffered Irish Men to Inhabit their Lands Cox Vol. 1. Page 413. But I shall forbear this Subject for some time and since I am run abroad I shall give you some of many Instances in former times wherein the Irish lost considerable numbers with small loss to the English Instances wherein the Irish have been formerly overthrown by the English and that with very little Loss to the Britains To omit therefore the inequality of Numbers at the first Conquest and the little loss commonly on our side in those great Victories then obtained In the Year 1316. William de Burgo and Richard de Brimingham encountred Falany O Connor King of Conaught and killed the King with 8000 of his Men near Athenree with very little loss to themselves and yet the numerous Off-spring of those brave English Commanders are all or most of them at this day reputed Irish and have declared themselves for that Interest August the 9th 1336. The English gave the Irish another defeat in Conaught with the loss of one Man killing Ten Thousand of their Enemies And Anno 1504. the Lord Deputy Kildare fought with Bourk then turned Irish and a great many other Irish Lords in a strong Confederacy at Knocklow on the 19th of August and killed four thousand some say 9000. and not one man killed or hurt on his side In the Year 1566. Col. Randolph Governour of Derry sallyed thence with 300 Foot and 50 Horse upon O Neal who then designed to Besiege the Town In which Sally Four Hundred of the Irish were killed without the loss of one English man except Col. Randolph himself James Fitz-Maurice and others were also Defeated in Queen Elizabeth's time and Four Hundred of them killed without the loss of one English man except a Servant of one Captain Malby's And Sir George Bingham Routed a Party of the Irish The Irish always come off the losers Commanded by the Bourks at a place called Ardaner being three thousand in number of whom only Seven escaped and yet very little loss to Sir George's side August the 8th 1647. Six thousand of the Irish are said to be killed at the Battle of Dungan-Hills fought by Maj. Gen. Jones and not above Twenty English slain And what wonder is it then if the Battle of Aghrim the Greatest and Best that ever the Irish fought should be won with the loss of so few on our side But such is the unhappiness of that People that tho they always have the worst of it yet Campion makes this severe Remark upon them and affirms That notwithstanding their Oaths and their Pledges they are no longer true than they find themselves the Weaker And indeed all things considered it can be reckoned no other than a misfortune to England in having that Island so near adjoyning whose Inhabitants have all along differed from us in Language and in Interest and of late also in Religion too Hence sad experience tells us that the Blood and Treasure of England have been Exhausted upon Ireland when ever any Foreign Prince could think his Affairs secure or advanced by a dispute in having the Irish Natives on his side who have been ready always to joyn with any against England whose Subjects they have over over again acknowledged themselves tho Heaven seems still to blast their attempts and perfidy to that degree that what side soever they have taken as yet against the English has never prospered Which And those also that set them a work puts me in mind of a Story that I have heard relating to the former Wars when several of the Irish Nobility and Gentry assembled at Kilkenny were consulting what means to use for the driving out of Oliver Cromwell then lately Landed with an Army from England after several proposals all which were found difficult My Lord Clanmalera a well meaning Gentleman amongst them but who seldome used to make Speeches he now stood up and after a profound silence and great expectation he gravely advised them by all means to joyn with Cromwell and to espouse his Interest heartily as the only Expedient to Ruine him and then to confirm his Opinion he gave them several instances of their being unfortunate to their Friends and Confederates formerly As to this last Effort of theirs which yet I pray God may be so it was no less unhappy than any of the former since before that Ireland was in the fairest way imaginable of being made for ever an English Countrey for the Natives were generally poor and not able to carry on a War even against the English of their own Kingdom whose Servants or Tenants commonly they were till by an unaccountable Zeal for Popery in King James a dexterous management in My Lord Tyrconnel to make himself Great and so to advance the Interest of his Nation together with a secret design of the French King's for his own sake the Irish were encouraged to that degree that the Child as yet unborn may curse the occasions of so much Blood spilt and Treasure lost as has been expended in their suppression and yet I see little advantage that either themselves or any of their Patrons have got by the Bargain I shall conclude this Digression and the Battle of An account of some Iâ—ish Prophecies Aghrim with an Account of a Prophecy which the Irish had of a Battle to be fought at this place I was told by a Gentleman who lives now in that Neighbourhood that at least a year before the Battle was fought several of the Vlster Creights driving their Cattle that
loss to us because of the conveniency of Ground we had to Encamp on There were only three Ships left now in the Bay who anchoring nigh the Town they made off from the Shoar as the Army marched in And there was a Proposal offered to make all our Tin-Boats into four Floats and put two small Field-pieces upon each with which we were to attempt the seizing the Ships in the Bay for it was supposed that if the Ships had Guns yet our Floats would be so flat as to lie under them and so we might with no great danger either board or sink the Vessels but after having made the Floats and mounted some of our Guns upon them the design was found impracticable for several Reasons and we had an opportunity of lamenting our misfortune in not having at that time so much as one English Frigat near us The Boats therefore were to be imployed other-ways for as soon as it was grown dark Lieutenant A Party of Monks pass the River General Mackay with Colonel Tiffins Colonel St. Johns Monsieur Cambons Lord George Hambletons one Dutch and a Danish Regiment of Foot with four Squadrons of Horse and Dragoons were wafted over the River about two Miles above the Town by break of day our men were all safe on the other side meeting with no opposition only a small Party of Dragoons fir'd at the first Party that landed and then scoured off whether the Irish really expected Balderock O Donnell to come into Town that way is uncertain however we had now destroyed all hopes of it and he retired again into the County of Mayo from whence he writ to the General as has been said On Sunday in the Evening not many hours after we appear'd before the Town one Captain Bourk deserted from the Eâ—â—my and gave the General an account that the Fort the Irish were making towards the South-East was almost finished and therefore the sooner it was attacked it would be the easier gained and that it was as necessary for us to take as them to keep it because iâ— commanded a great part of the Wall on that side the Town Nâ—xt Morning early A Fort taken Count Nassau with a Party of Granadeers and two Regiments of Foot was conducted by Captain Bourk the safest way to attack this Fort Major General Talmash would needs go a Volunteer as he usually did when it was not his turn to command we mannaged it so well that our Granadeers were got almost to the Foot of the Enemies works before they discovered us upon which the Irish made some faint firings but our men then rushed forwards and threw in their Granado's which soon forced the Enemy to retire by a Line of Communication that was drawn from the Fort to the Town we lost in this Action only a Lieutenant and five Men having two Lieutenants and eight men more wounded and after the Fort was in our possession the Irish fired both small and great shot upon us from their Walls by which they wounded several and killed one Mounsieur Madronet an Ingineer as he was giving Orders to the Workmen That morning five Troopers desert from Balderock's Party giving some account of his present circumstances tho when the Irish within saw a part of our Army beyond the River they still made shew of resisting and burnt all the Suburbs on that side the Town which were very large and the Irish the readier to destroy them because most of the Houses thereabouts had formerly belonged to the English About ten a Clock and whilst their Suburbs were yet in a flame the Irish beat a Parley the Governour sending The Irish beat a Parley a Drummer wiâ—â— a Letter to the General to desire a safe Conduct for some Persons to come out in order to a Capitulation To which the General returned a satisfactory Answer and presently a Cessation was commanded between the Camp and Garrison those in Town crowding in great numbers upon the Walls and our Souldiers going to the out-side of the Irish Works enquiring each for their Friends and Acquaintance in one anothers Army In the afternoon Hostages were exchanged in order Hostages exchanged to a Treaty Those on our side were Lieutenant Colonel Purcel Lieutenant Colonel Coot and the Marquess de Rhada Lieutecant Colonel to my Lord Cutts The Enemies Hostages were Lieutenant Colonel Linch Lieutenant Colonel Burk and Lieutenant Colonel Reyley The Articles were not agreed upon that day and the Irish prevailed with the General to continue the Cessation till Tuesday at ten a Clock which time being come the General ordered eight Guns and four Mortars to be drawn down to that Fort we took the day before and there to be planted then sent a Drum to command away his Hostages but the Irish had some debates amongst themselves not that they pretended to hold out the Town but about the method of Surrender and the Substance of their Articles Their delayes however made the General impatient and he sent once or twice to hasten their Resolutions At last Lieutenant Colonel Burk one of their Hostages was permitted to go in Major General Talmash as was believed being inclined to lay the Treaty aside desired him When they were ready to begin afresh to give us a sign to secure our selves by firing a Gun into the Air The other replied That they would not fire from within till we provok'd them to it from without But after some further time it was agreed to that next Sunday morning the Town should be delivered up upon the following Articles The Articles of Galloway as they were confirmed afterwards by their Majejesties GUlielmus Maria Dei gratia Angliae Scotiae Franciae Hiberniae Rex Regina Fidei Defensores c. Omnibus ad quos praesentes Litera Nostrae pervenirint salutem Inspeximus Irrotulamentum quarundum literarum patentium de confirmatione gerenda apud Westmonasterium decimo Septimo die Februarii ultimo praeterito in Curia Cancelaria Nostra Irrotulata ac ibidem Recordo Remanente in haec verba WIlliam and Mary by the Grace of God c. To all to whom these presents shall come Greeting Whereas certain Articles bearing date the one and twentieth day of July last past were made and agreed upon by our Trusty and well belvoed Rebort Baron de Ginckel Lieutenant General and Commander in Chief of Our Forces in Our Kingdom of Ireland and the Constable and Governour of Our Town of Galway in Our said Kingdom Whereby Our said General promises that We should ratifie these Capitulations within the space of three months from the date thereof or sooner The Tenor of which said Articles is as followeth Viz. Articles granted to the Town and Garison Articles of Galloway of Galloway by Lieutenant General Ginckell Commander in Chief of Their Majesties Forces the 21st of July 1691. I. THat the Town and Fort of Galloway shall be given up to his Excellency or such Officer as he shall
of the Irish Officers came again and dining with the Duke of Wirtemberg they went all afterwards to the General 's Tent where the following Articles Articles signed were interchangeably signed The former about the Surrender of the Town signed by the Generals and the latter about the Privileges granted to the Irish signed by the General and Lords Justices jointly being afterwards ratified by their Majesties Letters Patents under the Great Seal of England in Form following The Civil Articles of Limerick GVlielmus Maria Dei gratia Angliae Scotiae Franciae Hiberniae Rex Regina Fidei Defensores c. Omnibus ad quos praesentes literae nostrae pervenirint salutem Inspeximus Irritulament quorund literarum patenttum de Confirmatione geren dat apud Westmonasterium vicessimo quarto die Februarii ultimi praeteriti in Cancellar nostr Irrotulat ac ibidem de Record remanen in haec verba William and Mary by the Grace of God c. To all to whom these Presents shall come greeting Whereas certain Articles bearing Date the third Day of October last past made and agreed upon between our Justices of our Kingdom of Ireland and our General of our Forces there on the one Part and several Officers there commanding within the City of Limerick in our said Kingdom on the other Part Whereby our said Justices and General did undertake that we should ratify those Articles within the space of eight Months or sooner and use their utmost Indeavours that the same should be ratified and confirmed in Parliament The Tenor of which said Articles is as follows viz. Articles agreed upon between Lieutenant General Ginckell Commander in Chief of the English Army on one Side and the Lieut. Generals D'usson and De Tesse Commanders in Chief of the Irish Army on the other Side and the General Officers hereunto subscribing 1. THAT all Persons without any Exception of what Quality or Condition soever that are willing to leave the Kingdom of Ireland shall have free Liberty to go to any Country beyond the Seas England and Scotland excepted where they think fit with their Families Houshold-stuff Plate and Jewels 2. That all General Officers Colonels and generally all other Officers of Horse Dragoons and Foot-Guards Troopers Dragoons Souldiers of all kinds that are in any Garison Place or Port now in the Hands of the Irish or encamp'd in the Counties of Cork Clare and Kerry as also those called Rapparees or Volunteers that are willing to go beyond the Seas as aforesaid shall have free leave to embarque themselves where-ever the Ships are that are appointed to transport them and to come in whole Bodies as they are now composed or in Parties Companies or otherwise without having any Impediment directly or indirectly 3. That all Persons above-mentioned which are willing to leave Ireland and go into France shall have leave to declare at the Times and Places hereafter mentioned viz. the Troops in Limerick on Tuesday next at Limerick the Horse at their Camp on Wednesday and the other Forces that are dispersed in the Counties of Clare Kerry and Cork on the 8th Instant and on none other before Monsieur Tameron the French Intendant and Colonel Withers and after such Declaration is made the Troops that will go to France must remain under the Command and Discipline of their Officers that are to conduct them thither and Deserters on each Side shall be given up and punished accordingly 4. That all English and Scotch Officers that serve now in Ireland shall be included in this Capitulation as well for the security of their Estates and Goods in England Scotland and Ireland if they are willing to remain here as for passing freely into France or any other Country to serve 5. That all the Generals French Officers the Intendant the Engeneers the Commissaries of War and of the Artillery the Treasurer and other French Officers Strangers and all others whatsoever that are in Lymerick Sligo Ross Clare or in the Army or that do Trade or Commerce or are otherways imployed in any kind of Station or Condition shall have free leave to pass into France or any other Country and shall have leave to Ship themselves with all their Horses Equipage Plate Papers and all their Effects whatever and that General Ginckel will order Pasports for them Convoys and Carriages by Land and by Water to carry them safe from Lymerick to the Ships where they shall be Embarqued without paying any thing for the said Carriages or to those that are imployed therein with their Horses Carts Boats and Shallops 6. That if any of the aforesaid Equipages Merchandize Horses Money Plate or other Moveables or Houshold Stuff belonging to the said Irish Troops or to the French Officers or other particular Persons whatsoever be Robbed destroyed or taken away by the Troops of the said General the said General will order it to be restored or payment made according to the Value that is given in upon Oath by the Persons so robbed or plundred and the said Irish Troops to be Transported as abovesaid and all Persons belonging to them are to observe good Orders in their March and Quarters and shall restore whatever they shall take from the Country or make restitution for the same 7. That to Facilitate the Transporting the said Troops the General will Furnish fifty Ships each Ship Burthen two hundred Tuns for which the Persons to be Transported shall not be obliged to pay and twenty more if there shall be occasion without their paying for them and if any of the said Ships shall be lesser Burthen he will furnish more in Number to countervail and also give two Men of War to Embarque the Principal Officers and serve for a Convoy to the Vessels of Burthen 8. That a Commissary shall be sent forthwith to Cork to Visit the Transport Ships and see what Condition they are in for Sailing and that assoon as they are ready the Troops to be Transported shall March with all convenient Speed the nearest way in order to Embarque there and if there shall be any more Men to be Transported than can be carryed off in the said fifty Ships the rest shall quit the English Town of Lymerick and March to such Quarters as shall be appointed for them Convenient for their Transportation where they shall remain till the other twenty Ships are ready which they are to be in a Month and may Embarque on any French Ships that may come in the mean while 9. That the said Ships shall be furnished with Forage for Horse and all necessary Provisions to subsist the Officers Troopers Dragoons and Souldiers and all other Persons that are shipt to be Transported into France which Provision shall be paid for assoon as all are disembarqued at Brest or Nantz upon the Coast of Brettany or any other part of France they can make 10. And to secure the return of the said Ships the danger of the Seas excepted and the payment for the said Provisions
Foreign Countrey against the real Interest of their own with much more to that purpose and Care was likewise taken to distribute the General 's Declaration Then the Regiments were ordered to march and those that were for France went on but those that were inclined to us had liberty to file off at a Place appointed That which they called the Royal Regiment being then fourteen hundred Men seem'd to go all entire except seven Men which the General was much concerned at then my Lord Ivaeghe's Regiment of Vlster Irish came off entire to our side as did also Colonel Wilsons and about half my Lord Louth's and a great many out of most other Regiments Brigadier Clifford Colonel Henry Lutterel and Colonel Purcel all appeared averse to the going for France And on the seventh the Lords-Justices having performed all that was necessary on The Lords-Justices Return towards Dublin their side they returned towards Dublin and Colonel Earles with a Regiment of Danes march towards Quarters The Irish had kept their Stores pretty entire from the beginning of the Capitulation till after the Division of Men and then they distribute Bread Brandy Claret and some little Money amongst those that staid with them as well to encourage some as to prevent others from going off keeping their Gates always fast lock'd and a strong Guard at each And now the General seem'd displeased that the Irish used indirect means to threaten their Men into a French Voyage telling the Irish great Officers plainly that if they broke the Articles he thought himself no longer obliged to observe them then Colonel Matthews and Colonel Lumley were sent to the Horse-Camp upon the same account And this day and the next my Lord Ivaeghe's Colonel Wilson's part of my Lord Dillon's Colonel Hussey's and other Irish Regiments were mustered nigh the General 's Quarters making 1046 in those two days beside double the number that had Passes to go home those that were mustered had all of them Bread Cheese Brandy and Tabaco with a Fortnight's Subsistence given them by Adjutant-General Wythers who never can be sufficiently commended for the Care and Pains he has taken during the whole War of Ireland The General was resolved to do all things possible to prevent the Irish going in so great Numbers out of the Kingdom as being a strengthning our Adversaries and a weakning of our selves and therefore he orders the following Declaration to be Published By Lieut. General Ginckel Commander in Chief of Their Majesties Forces SInce it has pleased God to bless Their Majesties Arms with that Success as to reduce this Kingdom to their Obedience to the end that all the Inhabitants of it may enjoy the Benefit of that Peace which has cost so much Blood and the effusion of it for the future may be stopt I think fit to make it publick and declare That all Persons of what Quality or Condition soever have free liberty and permission to return to their several Homes with their Goods Stocks and Families and there live quietly and peaceably under the Protection of the Government And whereas several stragling People remain still in Arms and daily infest the Roads committing Robberies and Murders upon Their Majesties Subjects I do hereby require all such whether known by the Name of Rapparies Voluntiers Creights or others to return quietly to their respective Parishes deliver up their Arms and enter their Names with some of their Majesties Justices of the Peace in the Counties to which they belong within the time limited by the Lords-Justices Proclamation upon pain of being exempted from all manner of Quarter And all Justices of the Peace are hereby directed to make Entry and Register of all the Names of all such Persons as aforesaid And I command all Officers and Souldiers of the Army and other Persons whatsoever to forbear committing any Act of Violence or Hostility as they will answer the contrary at their utmost Perils Given at the Camp by Lymerick this 6th of October 1691. Baron De Ginckel October â— Brigadier Levison's Dragoons march from the Camp towards Kerry and the Earl of Portland's with another Regiment of Horse go towards Green Ann Castle to secure the Roads against the Rapparees especially against Hogan and his Party Several of our Regiments move from beyond the River over the Bridge again and many of them being pretty thin by reason of hard Marches and continual Duty some Irish were enlisted to strengthen them an Instance of the various Scenes in humane Affairs that those very Men we were so busie endeavouring to destroy and they ten times more inveterate against us should yet be so far reconciled in so short a time as to have them on our side and eat and sleep amongst us but Souldiers often think no further than Command and we see it in Truces That the very next moment after the sharpest Conflict a Cessation being agreed to the Men are presently as good Friends as if they never had fallen out October 9. Three more Danish Regiments move towards Quarters and a great many of the Irish that came off laid down their Arms at the Train and so had Passes to go home with Money to bear their Charges which made it something scarce amongst our selves though the poor men did not grudge it The 10th Most of our Army returned from beyond the River and 1000 Irish Horse and Dragoons that came over to our side were mustered by Commissary Allen. On the 12th The Irish Horse that designed for France marched through the English Town and so out at the Water-Gate towards Cork being not one Thousand in Number as they passed by our Camp The 13th Lieut. Gen. Ginckel with the Army march from The Army march from Lymerick Lymerick towards Quarters leaving Sir David Collier Governour of Lymerick with his own Col. Venner's Col. St. John's and Col. Craighton's with one Regiment more in the Irish Town my Lord Drogheda's and my Lord Lisburn's being encamp'd nigh the River-side without the Walls till the Irish should march out of the English Town Major General Talmash staid behind to see good Order kept and the Articles observed on both sides according to the Design of them Assoon as our Army marched away the Irish Foot-Guards Some of the Irish march out went out towards Cork they were called 140â— Men the Week before but now as nigh as I could count them they made only 482 nor was this Number left before they got to Cork The 14th The Irish make a distribution of Provisions and some Money amongst their Men and are fitting out their Guns and other Tackle in Town for France And here it may be enquired by some what Security our General had for the Return of so many Ships as must be employed in that Expedition since they were to go into the Country of our greatest Enemy and K. James had a specious Pretext as they were his Subjects to detain them they having no Power to make Articles to his prejudice
c. But this is no difficult Business to resolve since they had the publick Faith of the French and Irish Officers which is seldom or never violated in such Cases but all Men during a Cessation are commonly treated with the greatest Civility imaginable Besides which my Lord Lucan and Major General Waughop gave the following Engagement under their Hands as did also the two French Lieut. Generals D'Vssone and De Tessee another in French to the same purpose giving also Hostages for the better performance of all Conditions We the Earl of Lucan and Major General VVauhop whose Names are under-written do hereby promise 1. THat all the Ships that have been furnished by My Lord Lucan and Major-General Wauhop's Engagement for the Shipping Lieut. General Ginckel and that are to transport Troops from Ireland to France â— according to the late Capitulation shall be sent back and return to Cork Kinsale or Waterford without any hinderance or prejudice to the said Ships by any Men of War Privateers or other Ships belonging to the French King or having his Commission 2. That assoon as the said Ships shall have Landed the Irish Troops in France they shall have full liberty to go back for Ireland when they think fit without being hindered upon any pretence whatsoever 3. That if the said Ships do want some Provisions for their Return here into Ireland they shall be supplied with all such as they shall have occasion for at the same Rates they were furnished in Ireland to the Irish Troops for their Transportation into France and what they amount to shall be deducted out of the Money that shall be due for the Provisions that were put on Board the Ships for the said Troops 4. That the Rates of the Provisions that shall be furnished for Transportation of the said Troops shall be paid immediately after their Landing in France or in Bills of Exchange payable at London at 15 days sight And if the Contents of this present Agreement should not be put in execution in all its Particulars or in any one part besides Col. Hugh Mac Mahon Col. Robert Arthur Col. O Gara c. that shall be left in Ireland for Hostages we do engage our Words and Honour that we shall surrender our selves Prisoners of War three months after our Landing in case of Contravention at Whitehall in the Hands of the Secretaries of State In Witness whereof we have hereunto set our Hands this 14th Day of October 1691. Jo. Wauhop Lucan The 16th my Lord Lucan went from Lymerick towards Cork to see things in a readiness for the Irish Transportation and the same day Sir Maurice Eustace 's Major General Talbot's Lord Bedloe 's Prince of Wales 's my Lore Clanrichard 's and Col. Bremingham 's Regiments being joyned they march'd out and made in all only 618 Men. As they march'd through the Irish-Town their men run away by dozens having the way open for them nor could their Officers prevent it by all their Care for they kept the Gates always fast lock'd and yet several from within the Town made their Escapes by swimming the River The 17th my Lord Iniskillin 's Regiment that had been for some time in the County of Clare was mustered beyond the Town and so were some others of them on the 18th and 19th During which time our men were employed in making clean the Irish Town Major General Talmash going often amongst them himself to encourage them to work CHAP. X. The Campaign ended Irish Prisoners of War released some Rapparees lay down their Arms. Proclamations of Pardon to the rest The Ulster-Irish return home with their Cattle The French Fleet arrives in the Shannon Sir Ralph Delaval with a Squadron in those Seas Two Letters from the General to him Some Objections against the Articles of Limerick answered The last of the Irish quit the English Town 120 of them drowned Their Horse ship off at Cork The General goes to Dublin The Recorder's Speech to him Orders for mustering our Army Major-General Talmash leaves Limerick Orders for the Danes to ship off Fortifications at Mullingar and Ballymore demolished A Proclamation The General goes for England The Transport-Ships return from France The late King's Letter to the Irish at their landing Their Reception in France Several desert that were not as yet shipp'd off My Lord Lucan 's Release to the General All the Irish go off except the Hostages The Irish that staid very unruly in their Quarters Orders and Instructions for breaking of them The Oaths taken according to the New Act of Parliament An Order to turn out all Irish Papists from our Regiments Arms and Ammunition sent for England The French Hostages go for France Lieutenant-General Ruvigny lands in Ireland A Proclamation declaring the War of Ireland ended ANd now the Campaign being ended so that no continued Thread of Affairs can be drawn from the Army any thing that has happen'd since may possibly not be so acceptable yet I hope it may not be amiss to give you some slender account how things have gone in that Kingdom since the Siege of Limerick to the time of the Proclamation for the War 's being ended though before I proceed further it will be necessary to look back and bring the Actions done in several other parts of the Kingdom up to the Armies removing from Limerick which indeed may be told in few Words since little of moment cou'd be expected in any other place but where the Seat of War was fixed In the beginning of October Sollicitor-General Levinge and Sir Richard Reves being appointed Judges for the Connaught-Circuit because the Countrey was very indifferently inhabited and not as yet throughly settled Assizes were appointed to be held for this Province only at Mullingar Roscommon and Galway which was done accordingly About 20 Rapparees were killed in the Counties of Waterford and Cork by some small Parties of the Militia and one Whitney with 4 more in his Company were set upon and murdered by a Party of Rapparees as they were going towards the Queen's County though they killed two and wounded others before they were seized And now those loose Fellows seeing how it was like to go with their Party several of them come in under Protection and desire to serve their Majesties abroad when they were out of hopes to plunder their Subjects any longer at home All the Irish Prisoners of War that were in Waterford-Gaol Irish Prisoners of War released being upwards of 200 were set at liberty as they were afterwards at several other Places particularly at Carigfergus where 15 Officers and about 60 private Men had been Prisoners ever since the Rout at Cavan and at Lambay where the Prisoners taken at Ballymore were kept most of this Summer but now were all discharged according to the Capitulation And as the Irish grew weary of their former Courses on that side of the Country towards Dublin or rather being forced to it when they could no longer carry it on so
Muskery O Connor Roe Sir Francis Talbot Sir William Dungan and several others submitted upon those Conditions That they should abide a Trial for the Murders committed in the beginning of the Rebellion and those that only assisted in the War were to forfeit two Thirds of their Estates and to be banished And what I would further observe is this That when the General Assembly of the Popish Clergy and others at Loughreagh desired the then Marquess of Ormend's leave to treat with the Enemy for the Nation in general at the Surrender of Galway Cromwel's Army positively refused it being resolved not to admit of any Treaty for the whole but those that would capitulate should do it only for themselves or the Towns and Places they respectively belonged to By which means tho' the Town of Galway was the last considerable one that was surrendered being on the 12th of May 1652. yet it was the 26th of September 1653. before it was declared That the Rebels were subdued and the Rebellion appeased and ended And though His Majesties Proclamation about the ending of this present War was nigh six Months after the Surrender of Lymerick yet this was deferred only with respect to the poverty of the Country in forgiving the Kingdom half a years Quit-Rents and had not the least relation to any appearance of a further Disturbance as appears by the Proclamation it self Now if Lymerick had been no stronger Town when we last besieged it than it was some time after the first Conquest of Ireland when Earl Reymond Son-in-Law to Strongbow and General of the Army with David Walsh and others swam into the King's Island who taking the City without any sort of Cannon and plundering it they left a Garrison of their own men there or indeed if it had been in no better condition than in the former Wars when there appeared nothing like Works without the Walls themselves or if the Irish People were no better skill'd in Arms now than they have been heretofore even in the late times being most of them rather a confused Rabble than any thing that deserved the Name of an Army then it had been a Reflection upon an Army so well disciplin'd and in so good order as ours was not to have humbled them without any Terms But besides the natural strength of its Situation Lymerick is now improved by Art to that degree that it is very much stronger than it was when we laid Siege to it the former year the Enemy with extraordinary diligence and industry having since that cast up very strong new Works round the Irish Town with great Improvements in the King's Island and elsewhere And the Irish had not only the Advantages of being train'd up to the use of Arms by my Lord Tyrconnel and serving in an Army for some years past but several of them have been abroad in foreign Service besides the being for the most part in Action during the three Campagnes in Ireland and Custom it self is no doubt of it one Point of Courage But those who ever read the Story of Noteburg will not wonder at this Capitulation this they say is a Town built in an Island at the Entrance of the Lake Lagoda made by the Muscovites and encompassed with a strong Wâ—ll against the Attempts of the Suedes it standing upon their Frontiers This the Suedes took under the Command of James De la Garde but not till the Extremities of the Siege and a contageous Disease had consumed the whole Garrison to two Men who yet made a very advantageous Capitulation vid. Ambassadors of Hollands Travels into Muscovy and Russia And as to the Irish it must needs be acknowledged that they never had formerly so fair a Pretext as now nor had they ever been so unanimous since in the late Wars they had at least three different Armies on Foot at the same time they had now also the Assistance and Encouragement of France which is without question at present one of the most powerful Interests in the World and if they had held out till the following Winter they must needs have much fatigued our Army by continual Alarms and Watchings besides other Difficulties that would have attended us in a Blockade in which there 's no subsisting without continual Supplies of Money Ammunition and Victuals and especially near such a place as Limerick then was the Countrey thereabouts being ruined and exhausted in continuing the Seat of War for two Campaigns so that abstracting from the deepness of the Soil and the sharpness of the Winter as it afterwards proved unless we had been full as carefully supplied with Necessaries as ever we had been formerly the whole Design had been still in hazard besides the loss of Time and Treasure And though we had passed the River yet we were still as far from entring the Town as ever What might have been done some time before I am no competent Judge of but since the Irish had it still in their Power to give us the Town or keep it to themselves I see no Reason why they ought not to make a Bargain for it and expect the performance of their Contract which Their Majesties have been graciously pleased to ratifie under the Great Seal of England It may rationally be here demanded why the Irish would treat with us for the Town since they had full as many Foot within as we had in our Army without and and notwithstanding all the Stories told us by Deserters about the scarcity of Provisions they had a quantity of the finest French Bisket I ever tasted sufficient for the whole Garrison for two Months some of which I saw and Commissary-General Aspole assured my self and some other Friends that they had the rest Upon which I asked him the reason of giving us the Town And his Reply was That if they had been driven by necessity to yield they must then have accepted what Terms we had pleased to give them but since they were not they had stood upon such as were for the Advantage of their whole Party But the Truth of it is the Irish were either weary of the War or jealous of one another or it may be both it being no ill Policy on our side to foment their differences and make their private Quarrels advance our Publick Service And as for what happen'd at this Juncture it 's certain that the French Lieutenant-Generals were jealous of the Irish betraying or at least forsaking them And 't is without question they used their Interest in persuading the Irish to hold out till Relief came for they knew considering all things it had been very improper for us to endeavour the forcing the Town by a Breach But I imagine Monsieur D'Vssone's Case now was much the same as that of Don John de Aquila at Kinsale in the Year 1601. who finding the Town was like to be lost and that instead of conquering a Kingdom his Men and himself were like to become a Prey to the Enemy He then
some of O Donnel's Men then in that Country which was done accordingly There hapned about this time two Violent Flashes of Lightning and Claps of Thunder at Kinsale by the latter of which the Portsmouth Frigatt suffered great damage having her Main To and Main Yard broke to pieces and the Main Mast split for twelve foot downwards breaking throw the Larboard side of the Ship twelve foot in length and did some other mischief tho only one Man was hurt by it Nigh the same time the Officers belonging to the Train of Artillery The Waggoners and others of that Society were broke as being no farther useful in this Kingdom And January 23 being the first day of the Term the The Oaths taken according to the new Act of Parliament Lords Justices came to the Court of King's-Bench and there took the Oaths to Their Majesties and Subscribed the Declaration required by the late Act of Parliament in England as did also several of the Nobility Whence the Lord Chancellor returned to his High Court of Chancery where the Judges of the several Courts Masters of Chancery King's Councel the Lawyers and several other Persons of different Qualities and Imployments took the prescribed Oaths c. For the Act of Parliament being Reprinted at Dublin and spread abroad by the Lords Justices Order and requiring all Persons whatever in any Imployment within Thirty Miles of that City to take the said Oath and subscribe the Declaration before the end of Hillary Term January 1692. and no exception being made or excuse allowed for Men's being Sick or otherwise disabled several were brought up to Town with great difficulty and the Courts daily throng'd 'till the Term was over Great quantities of Wheat and other Grain were ordered from Cork and Kingsale to furnish the Stores of Limerick that part of the Countrey being now very much put to it for want of Bread as being the seat of War this two years past The 25th Colonel Mathew's Dragoons were Shipp'd at Belfast as Sir John Lanier's Horse had been some time before and on the 27th my Lord Portland's Horse were Shipp'd at Passage near Waterford A Declaration was Publish'd by the Lords Justices A Declaration forbidding the buying Debenters or Arrears forbidding any Officer Clerk or other Person whatever belonging to imploy'd in or depending on their Majesties Treasury either by himself or any other directly or indirectly to buy any Arrears or Debenters due to any Officer or Souldier or any other Persons who have been imploy'd in Their Majesties Service during this present War upon pain of losing the benefit of such Contract or Agreement as also of being dismissed their Imployments and of being declared uncapable of being Imployed in the Treasury for the future The buying of such Debenters being adjudged dishonourable to Their Majesties Service and Government and to the loss of the persons to whom the same are payable And nigh the same time another Order was sent Another Order to turn out all the Irish Papists out of our Regiments out Commanding all Colonels and others in Their Majesties Army who had entertain'd any Irish in their respective Regiments Troops or Companies forthwith to dismiss them and not to keep any one Irish Papist under their Command upon pain of having January 1692. such Regiments broke where any such were found A great Frost began January the 19th and is now so violent that Multitudes of the poor People and especially of the Irish perish for Cold The Lords Justices and Council very Charitably order all the Poor then in and about the City of Dublin to be taken up and put into sveral Convenient Houses being in all 640 odd who were provided for with Meat and Fire without which Care several hundreds must have perished in the Streets And yet a great many of them had been so used to that Trade of Begging that the being provided for with Necessaries and Confin'd to a Place was uneasie to them so that several stole out and fell to Begging again But this Charitable Care was not taken in other parts of the Kingdom so that a Man might every where see a great many Objects of Pity and Misery and they continue so to this very day Some time before this the Danes were Shipp'd as is said having four Men of War and 46 other Vessels to Transport them but being driven back by contrary Winds and kept in the Harbour by stress of weather a new supply of Provisions was Ordered them Two Proclamations were Publish'd at Dublin one Commanding all Persons that were not qualified by the Articles of Limerick and Galway which were Noble-Men and Gentlemen who were House-keepers and have Estates of Freehold of one Hundred Pounds a year which by the said Proclamation was declared to be the qualification of the Persons Compriz'd in the said Articles to deliver up their Arms of all sorts before the Tenth of March and if they failed therein to be prosecuted with the utmost severity of Law And whosoever shou'd discover any Fire Arms so detain'd after the 10th of March shou'd have Ten Shillings Reward February 1692. and Five Shillings for every discovery of other Arms to be paid him by the Sheriff of the City or Justice of the Peace to whom such Discovery shou'd be made the same to be repaid by the Sheriff of the County and allowed in his Accounts in the Exchequer And the Persons in whose Custody such Arms are found shall lose the benefit of the said Articles and be bound over to the next Assizes or Sessions which shall first happen And all Persons who had Arms before the first day of November last being not qualified to keep them and shall not give a satisfactory Account how they have disposed of them shall be look'd upon as guilty of a Contempt against the said Proclamation And the Sheriffs of the respective Counties were to give an Account from time to time of what Arms were brought in to the Clerk of the Council or his Deputy And that all Persons that were qualify'd to keep Arms might wear the same without being affronted or have the same taken from them on any pretence each Person was to apply himself to the Lords Justices for a License for that purpose which was to be granted without any Fee or Reward whatever Which Proclamation was to be publish'd three Market-days successsively in each Town in Ireland and then affixed Dated the 4th of February 1691 2. The other Proclamation was to forbid all Justices of the Peace Mayors Sheriffs and other Magistrates whatever to presume so far upon their Authority as to meddle with the Property Right Title or Possession of the Estate or Goods of any of Their Majesties Subjects other than as by due Course of Law they are required or can justifie By which Proclamation some of the Irish that had been wronged were set to rights and satisfied tho' they were not so forward in obeying February 1692. the former in
themselves whether of English or Irish Extraction to advance the Power of England in that Kingdom Two main Objections answered Religion in the first place to be taken care of An Invasion from France upon that Kingdom England or Scotland at this juncture very improbable A Remark upon the last that endeavour'd it I Have now given you all that I know of this last unhappy Irish Wars that is fit at this juncture to be sent to the Press And it 's more possibly than some Men will thank me for or yet the following Remarks that I am going to make upon the Affairs of that Kingdom and its present Circumstances upon which if any please to throw away another half Hour tho' they find nothing worth taking notice of Yet I hope they 'll have no Reason to be angry since Opinion in things indifferent is free to all Men And we have no better way to conjecture what may be hereafter than by comparing our thoughts of it with what now is and formerly has been Ireland next to Great Brittain is the greatest Island The Circumference of Ireland in Europe esteemed by Sir William Petty at Ten Millions Five Hundred Thousand Irish Acres and by others at Ten Millions Eight Hundred and Sixty Eight Thousand Acres which they reckon to be above 17 Millions of English Measure 121 Irish Acres making about 196 English and yet Sir William Petty computes the Irish Acres to make not above 14 Millions of English accounting nigh two Millions of Acres in Mountains Bogs Strands and other unprofitable Land a great part of which however is capable of improvement and makes Ireland in circumference almost equal to England Wales excepted The Latitude of Ireland North is said to be parallel with Dumfrese in Scotland and South to St. Michael's Mount in Cornwal its Longitude West to the utmost point of Ire Conaght in the County of Galway and East to the head of Houth The Kingdom for many Ages past has been divided Itâ— Division into Provinces and Counties into four Provinces three of which before that Division were commonly distinct Monarchies and sometimes the fourth which by degrees as the English Interest prevailed were subdivided into Counties of which there are thirty two at this day in all the Kingdom The Provinces are Leinster Munster Conaght and Vlster Leinster has eleven Counties Dublin Wicklow and Wexford on the Sea-side East-Meath West-Meath and Carlow within Land tho' with a corner reaching to the Sea Kilkenny Kildare Kings-County Queens-County and Longford are Inland Counties also Munster has six Counties two within Land as Tipperary and Limerick but Waterford Cork Kerry and Clare all on the Coast Conaght has Galway Mayo and Sligo towards the Sea with Roscomon and Letrim within Land Vlster has six Counties on the Sea-side Fermanagh Donegal London-Derry Antrim Down and Louth and four within Land as Cavan Monohan Armagh and Tyrone In the Year 1151 according to Cambden Christianus Into Arch-Bishopricks and Bishopricks Bishop of Lismore Legate of all Ireland and Johannes Paperon Cardinal Priest according to Sir James Ware brought four Palls from Eugenius the third and held a Synod or Council at Kells as some say or at Mellefort according to others whereat were present the Bishops Abbots Kings Captains and Elders of Ireland when by General consent four Arch-Bishopricks were Constituted Armagh Dublin Cashel and Tuam under whom there were 34 other Bishopricks viz. ten subordinate to Armagh five to Dublin twelve to Cashel and seven to Tuam But now they are reduced to 21 in all and those divided into 2278 Parishes and those in a political capacity have eight that are called Cities Dublin Kilkenny Waterford Cork Cashel Clogher Limerick and London-Derry besides about ninety Boroughs and Corporations As to the Natural Advantages of Ireland many People The Soil of Ireland can confirm what Sir John Davis a Man of Wit Learning and Prudence has writ several Years ago viz. That having been in all the Provinces of that Kingdom he had observed the good Temperature of the Air the fruitfulness of the Soil the pleasant and commodious Seats for Habitation the safe and large Ports and Havens lying open for Traffick unto all the West parts of the World the long Inlets of many Navigable Rivers and so many great Lakes and fresh Ponds within Land as the like are not to be seen in any part of Europe the rich Fishings and Wild Fowl of all Kinds And lastly the Bodies and Minds of the People Endowed with extraordinary Abilities of Nature And however it has become a Proverb in England The Irish no such Fools as the World Commonly makes them to call a dull unthinking Fellow a Man of an Irish Understanding yet for any thing appears to the contrary they have acted a Prudent part for at least these Five Hundred Years nor is their crafty insinuating wheedling way as yet any thing abated and whosoever will look amongst the Natives of that Countrey at this juncture will probably find some Knaves but as few Folls as in any other Kingdom of the World But since I have mention'd so Judicious an Author Sir John Davis his Reasons why Ireland has been so long in reducing to the Crown of England as Sir John Davis I suppose it will not be unpleasant to hear some of his Reasons why it has been so long a time before Ireland was entirely subject to the Crown of England and why the English were more apt to run into the Irish Barbarous Customs and imitate their way of living than on the Contrary As to the first of these he mentions four main defects of the Armies that at different times were sent out of England to Conquer Ireland 1. They were for the most part too weak for a Conquest 2. When otherwise as in both the Journies of Richard the Second they were too soon broken up and dissolved 3. They were ill paid and 4. They were ill Govern'd a necessary Consequence of the former Which Inconveniences happen'd because the King 's of England for many Ages together were generally otherwise imploy'd either in the Holy-Land or in France or in their Wars with Scotland or else in that unhappy fewd between the two Houses of Lancaster and York So that they cou'd neither attend the Irish War in their own Persons nor spare a Competency either of Men or Money to compleat the Work which was only begun in King Henry the Second's days rather by a few private Adventurers than by any thing that had the face of a Royal Army And besides the standing Forces were seldom or never reinforced out of England that is in the times towards the beginning of the English Government only the King's Treasure there was spent and wholly spent in the King's service so that in the Reigns of four successive Kings Viz. Henry III. Edward I. Edward II. and Edward III. between the Receipts and Allowances this Entry is commonly found in the Pipe-Rolls In Thesauro
the same Religion with the Irish yet they cou'd never be perswaded to stand up for a mere Irish Interest till the Irish in the What Methods the Irish first took to make the old English joyn with them Province of Vlster especially found out the two following Expedients first to intermarry with the English of the Pale and to seek all opportunities of making alliance with them and secondly to perswade the English Gentry always to breed up one of their Sons a Priest by whom and their Irish Wives the English were managed to that degree that tho' at the first breaking out of the Rebellion in 1641. they seemed to detest the Irish ways of proceeding yet in a few Months after a great part of them openly joyned with the Irish and this with the constant troubles in England were the Reasons why that Rebellion was the longest in suppressing A Brief Account of the Expences of the former War and also the most expensive of any before it being on foot 12 Years viz. from the 23 d. of October 1641. until the 26th of September 1653. The Charge to England in suppressing of which and the loss that the Protestant Party in Ireland sustained during this War being computed by Sir John Burlace in his History to amount to Twenty two Millions One Hundred and Ninety One Thousand Two Hundred and Fifty Eight Pounds Three Shillings and Three Pence And others compute the whole Loss Cost and Charges of the King and Protestant Party to suppress the said Rebellion to amount to 34480000 l. And that the English Adventurers who advanced Money upon the Credit of two Acts of Parliament in the Years 41 and 42 paid 70 Years Purchase for that which was not worth above eight and that the Souldiers paid 115 Years purchase for their Debenters but those People have a mad way of reckoning in the multiplying several of their particulars However as to this last War that we have all seen An Essay towards this I pretend not to so great Skill as to know the Expences of it only thus far is easily computed 1. The Army that Landed with Duke Schonberg and that came some time after into Ireland with those of the Derry and Inniskillin Troops received into Pay under his Grace's Command in the Year 1689. being 9 Regiments and 2 Troops of Horse 4 Regiments of Dragoons and 30 Regiments of Foot the whole pay for which in one Year comes to 869410 l. 7 s. 06 d. 2. His Majesty's Royal Army in that Kingdom in the Year 1690 Consisting of 2 Troops of Guards 23 Regiments of Horse 5 Regiments of Dragoons and 46 Regiments of Foot the Pay of which considering the difference between the Numbers in the Foreign Regiments and our own amounts to 1287630 l. 02 s. 00 d. 3 The Army in that Kingdom in the Year 1691. Commanded by Lieutenant General Ginckel being 20 Regiments of Horse 5 of Dragoons and 42 Regiments of Foot whose Pay for that Year came to 1161830 l. 12 s. 10 d. Then the General Officers Pay the Train Bread Waggons Transport Ships and other Contingencies make at least as much more which is 6637742 l. 05 s. 00 d. And the Irish Army living for the most part upon the product of the Country cou'd not cost much less Besides the farther Destruction of the Protestant Interest in that Kingdom by cutting down Improvements burning of Houses destroying of Sheep and Cattle taking away of Horses with Infinite other Extortions and Robberies as also the loss of People on both sides most of which however disaffected yet they were Subjects to the Crown of England As to the particulars of our and their losses of People A modest Conjecture at the Numbers lost on both sides during the War in both Armies since the Landing of Duke Schonberg in Ireland the best Computation I have been able to make by comparing Accounts and conferring on both sides with those that have made some Observations on that matter the thing runs thus Irish Officers killed 00617 Souldiers killed belonging to the Irish Army 12676 Rapparees killed by the Army and Militia 01928 Rapparees hanged by Legal Process or Court-Marshal 00112 Rapparees killed and hanged by Souldiers and others without any Ceremony 600 Officers killed in the English Army 00140 Soldiers killed in the Field 02037 Murdered privately by the Rapparees that we had no account where they died 00800 English and Foreign Officers died during the three Campaigns 00320 Souldiers dead in the English Army since our Landing in Ireland 7000 Tho' its to be observed that in the two last Campaigns there died very few except Recruits and such as died of their Wounds Nor are we to believe that the Irish did not lose a great many by Sickness also but no doubt the Destruction of the People in the Country wou'd do more than double all these Numbers so that by the Sword Famine and all other accidents there has perished since first the Irish began to play their mad Pranks there have died I say in that Kingdom of one sort and another at least One Hundred Thousand Young and Old besides treble the Number that are Ruined and undone All which being considered it 's certainly most expedient to find out an Eternal Remedy that the like may never happen again And this I humbly suppose must not be any endeavour to root out and destroy the Irish but in the advancing the English Interest both in Church and State in that Kingdom so as to make the Irish themselves in love with it And tho' it has been the Ruining Fate of that Kingdom The Interest of England to advance the Power of the English in Ireland to have some great Men both in Court and Parliament Judge it the Interest of England to keep Ireland poor and low and it may seem strange to hear an English Man by Birth and a meer Stranger to the having any Interest in Ireland to endeavour the contradicting of it But in my humble Opinion whatsoever may be allowed in this as to the promoting the private Advantages of a great many Trading People and even Men of Estates in England which all would suffer by the advancing of these in Ireland yet it 's so far from being the real Interest either of the Kingdom of England to cramp Ireland in its Prosperity that the Wealth and Greatness of Ireland in Trade and Manufactures is to be promoted both by the King and People of England as much as possibly it can And first as to the Kings of England it is the same thing to them whether they have their Customs from Bristol or Dublin from Cork or Newcastle c. or whether their Levies of Men when occasion offers are made in the Counties of Wickloe and Waterford Cumberland or Yorkshire provided the Interest were one and the same in both Kingdoms And as to the People of England in general one shou'd think it 's their business to promote and encourage the Trade and
some People have of Motion that there 's a determinate quantity and when it fails in one place it increases in another There is Trade enough no doubt abroad in the World for them all if they will but be Industrious however there can no disadvantage accrue either to the King of England or his People in general by having this effected nay this wou'd soon be more for the advantage of the Crown of England than any poor Customs that are got by dividing the Nations can ever amount to for who sees not the good effects of the Vnion between England and Wales But then those who are so hardy as to leave England and venture their Lives and Fortunes at any time for the reducing of Ireland if they survive it and once come to settle there they are so far from having Encouragement to Trade and grow Rich that by several Laws made on the account of Trade they are under the same Circumstances with the Conquered Irish themselves as all the English of that Kingdom really are in the point of all the Western Trade especially The other Objection is That if Ireland were so far encouraged in Trade and other Advantages as to become absolutely an English Country and equally Entitled to the Benefit of its Laws c. the People there after some time wou'd grow Rich and consequently Proud so that they wou'd then set up for themselves and deny all manner of dependance upon England which would soon create a more dangerous Civil War than ever Answer There can be no fear of this since nothing cou'd be got by such a Revolt but their own destruction and it 's as probable that the English on the North of Trent should upon any disgust endeavour to set up for themselves which they are sensible could bring nothing but Ruin to the whole Besides since the Royal Seats of the Kings the Principal Courts of Judicature and also the Royal Navy are always on this side the Water all Attempts of this kind wou'd prove vain and fruitless and the rest of the World laugh at such a Destructive folly and madness I pretend not to meddle with any particular Methods Religion in the first Place to be taken care of for the promoting the English Interest in Ireland only it 's worth the Knowledge and Care of every one especially those in places of Authority and Trust what was in my Lord Barkley's Instructions Dated May 21 1670. relating to Matters of Religion That forasmuch as all good Success doth rest upon the Service of God above all things you are to settle good Orders in the Church that God may be better served in the True Established Religion and the People by that means reduc'd from their Errors But whilst the Irish are in the Power of the Romish Clergy they keep them in such Awe and Ignorance that they scarce dare or can enquire into the differences in Religion nor Read the Scriptures or yet confer with any Protestant Divine so that all they generally know of Religion I speak of the Vulgar Sort is some Fabulous Legends of the Priests Invention or that their Fathers or Families were of that Persuasion and so must they be also But tho' they be much given to Lying yet they are not in the main so ill-natured as some People make them since they own our Baptism and other Institutions to be Essential and will of their own accords come to us when they have not the conveniency of a Priest several instances of which I could give of my own Knowledge There are a great many very Learned Pious and Devout Clergymen of the Protestant Church in Ireland discharging the Duties of their Function with such Religious and Godly Sincerity as becomes the Messengers of Christ But there being a great many Impropriations in that Kingdom and by this means half a score Parishes in some places not able to afford one Hundred Pounds per Annum to a Minister this has given occasion for the Union of several Parishes and not only so but for frequent Pluralities and that in several places very much to the disadvantage of the Church by which means there are a great many Parishes Inhabited only with Papists which for that Reason are generally called Sine Cures as if the Minister had no Business there at all But this I can by no means Subscribe unto since to me they seem to be the clean contrary and not impossible to remedy by finding out some means to allow each Minister a Competency and then oblige him to reside upon it whether his Parishioners be Papists or Protestants since the Living among those People and the frequent Conversation with them wou'd be of more force than all the Penal Laws in Christendom There was a view of Ireland writ by Spencer as I take it towards the latter end of Queen Elizabeth's Reign and amongst other things he has this Remarque Several Irish Families says he are already become English and more would if the English would do their parts in supplying the Country with Learned Pious and painful Preachers who cou'd Out-Preach and Out-Live the Irish Priests For Religion must not be forcibly imposed upon them with Terrors and sharp Penalties as now is the manner but rather delivered and intimated with Mildness and Gentleness so as it may not be hated before it be understood which yet is not so difficult a Task as some People make it for if the Ancient Godly Fathers who first Converted them when they were Infidels to the Faith were able to pull thâ—m from Idolatry and Paganism to the true Belief of Christ as St. Patrick and St. Columb how much more easily shall Godly Teachers bring them to the Vnderstanding of that which they already Profess if they did but shew as much Zeal in disswading them from their Errors as the Priests do Care and Industry to keep them in them However thus far Spencer seems to be in the right of it That True Religion is not to be planted by Penal Laws or the Terrour of Punishment which may fill a Church with Temporizing Hypocrites but never with Sincere Professors for tho' Humane Laws are a good Hedge about Religion and an Encouragement to Vertue yet that which is solely founded upon such binds the Conscience no longer than those Laws are in force But what I am sorry to see so true is that Idleness is the malus Genius of that Kingdom and except you can persuade the People to be Industrious too as well as Religious you are not much nearer the matter for they are Naturally a lazy Crew and love nothing so much as their ease and if an Irishman has but a Cow and a Potatoe Garden it 's all the Wealth he commonly aspires to which way of Feeding a great many give for the Reason that they are generally so mean spirited for you 'll see them in Companies lye loytering in the Streets of any Country Village or by the High-way sides enquiring after and telling