Stephen and Miles Cogan Adventurers with Strongbow in the first Attack and possessors of Lands for their Service succeeded him next to them succeeded Hugh de Lacy and Robert le Power both interested persons in Ireland Le Power being then Governor of Waterford and Wexford was possest of a great Estate in those Countries * Cambden of Ireland and Hugh de Lacy marrying the Daughter of Rodorick King of Connaght had a considerable Interest in Ireland by her right the King still approving interested persons fittest to govern Ireland that designing to send over his own Son John he first made him King of Ireland to give him a peculiar Interest in that Kingdom †Hovenden p. 77. from his time being anno Dom. 1185. until Lionel Duke of Clarence 1361. near 200 years that Edward the Third's Son was sent over who by right of his Wife was Earl of Ulster and Lord of Connaght I find Ireland governed for the most part by Butlers of the House of Ormonde Fitz Morris Fitz John Fitz Gerralds c. of the Houses of Kildare and Desmond with Woggans Barrys Powers Bourkes Burminghams c. and in intervals by Dignitaries of the Church or other Ministers of State in Ireland I find very few but either had considerable Interest in Ireland or otherwise settled on them at their sending over or purchased by them in the time of their Service and settled there with their Families In all which time we read of very few Factions until that of Desmond who raised a Dissention betwixt the English of Blood and English of Birth which bred such ill Blood in his own Families Veins as boyled up to the ruine of it afterwards in the Queens days 1583. and from the time of the Duke of Clarence 1361. until 1385. the Earl of Oxford was created Duke of Ireland and Marquess of Dublin at his coming over of Twelve Lord Lieutenants and Deputies c. in that time not above two or three at the most but Butlers Gerralds c. Next Richard the Second sent over Mortymer Lord Lieutenant but first created him Earl of Ulster Lord of Trim Clare and Connaght 1398. from him until the year 1449. I find not above four or five viz. Sir John Stanly Scroop Sutton de Gray c. and they but short times but persons of Ireland viz. Talbots Gerralds and Butlers the later six times in this short space of about fifty years Then was Richard Duke of York being Earl of Ulster Lord of Connaght and Meath by Descent from Lionel Duke of Clarence Lord Lieutenant But for a more distinct Account of Irelands Chief Governours since the Conquest I shall refer the Reader to the ensuing Catalogue as I find it recorded by Borlacy Spencer Campian Hanmer Marlburroughs Hooker c. wherein I have only noted some few remarkable things that happened under some of their Governments designing only a brief Catalogue of both sorts to make good my Position that the Policy of England hath still found it best to govern Ireland by its own Members or persons peculiarly interested in its prosperity But this is observable when Noblemen c. were sent out of England to govern Ireland it was not of choice but rather of necessity as in these and the like cases First to ballance Factions amongst the English Lords of Ireland when their animosities grew so high that Interest of State required a more indifferent Hand at the Helm which proceeded from their great Power ruling their Tenants c. as Soveraign Princes over large Teritories by the Brehon Laws whereby multitudes both of English and Irish more depended upon their Favour than the Kings but that sort of Lordship is utterly extinguished root and branch the greatest Lords of Ireland are as subject to the Kings Laws as the meanest man and the whole Militia of the Kingdom under the Kings immediate Commission and Pay therefore that Reason ceaseth Second Reason was to ballance Factions in the Court of England especially in the Barons Wars and in the Contest betwixt the two Houses of York and Lancaster c. but the two Roses now are not only graffed but so well grown upon one stalk that danger is over Thirdly in times of considerable Rebellions when either of these two Reasons swayed 1. When the Work required persons of greater Experience in Martial Affairs than it it was supposed Ireland afforded but Ireland is now so well furnished with Noble persons of approved Courage and Conduct that it is able to supply England if the Kings Affairs should require it with Officers from the Truncheon to the Halbert to conduct a Royal Army 2. When the great Lords of Ireland were in Factions one against the other especially those of English Race as the Geraldines and Butlers c. which two Houses mantained an inveterate Feud for several Generations yet by turns were chiefly employ'd by Henr. 7th and 8th till the 20th year of the Raign of Henry the Eighth Thomas the Son of Gerrald Earl of Kildare then Prisoner in the Tower broke out into Rebellion from which time the King sent over English Governours during his Life as Skeffington the Lord Gray Brereton St. Leger c. which course his Son Edward the Sixth and both his Daughters Mary and Elizabeth imitated him in for the most part the like King James and Charles the First but the reason thereof must be attributed to the Change or rather Reformation of Religion most of the Noble Families of Ireland capable of chief Trust still adhering to the Roman Superstition and consequently uncapable of promoting a Protestant Interest which case is now otherwise most of the ancient Nobility of Ireland are Protestants as may appear in my Schedule of Irelands Nobility and as that reason of State is ceased so hath the practice since About two years after the Rebellion Jan. 1643. James then Marquess now Duke of Ormonde was sworn Lord Lieutenant since which time being 39 years Jan. last he hath born the Honour of Lord Lieutenant of Ireland except from the 18th of September 1669. the Lord Roberts entred until the â—4th of August 1677. the Earl of Essex surrender'd not full eight years so that the Duke hath born the Honour 31 years and actually exercised the Regency 19 years being interrupted about 12 years viz. from December 1650. he left Clanrickard Deputy until the 28th of July 1662. when His Grace was again sworn Lord Lieutenant and as he hath exercised the longest Regency so hath he had the most difficult Work of any chief Governor since the Conquest First Commander of an Army for some years under great wants the hardest task to a noble spirited General Secondly Fighting against a people he desired and endeavoured the Welfare of that would not believe him until they found it to their cost that their Ingratitude and Treachery to him and their Princes Interest that he asserted sell upon their own pates Thirdly Fighting for a Prince in no capacity to support him
Government Hook 71.  1346. Sir Roger Darcy L.J.  1346. Sir John Maurice L.J. In whose time Desmond made a dissention between the English of Blood and English of Birth  1348. Sir Walter Bermingham L.J. John Archer Dep. Camp 90.  1349. Sir Walter Bermingham L.J.  1349. Baron Carey L.J.   1349. Sir Tho. Rooksby L.J. Whose saying was he had rather drink out of Wooden Cups and pay Gold and Silver for his Liquor than drink out of Gold and make wooden payment a man of sincere and upright Conscience saith Camp 91. he would be deemed a precise Fop in these days 1351. Bishop of Lymerick L.J. The Vlsters rebel and subdued by the Savages Camp 30.  1355. Earl of Desmond L.J.  1356. Sir Tho. Rooksby a second time L.J.   1357. Sir Almerick de Sancta L.J. 1359. James Butler Earl of Ormond L.J. He married the Grandchild of Edw. the first for which his Son James was stiled by way of preheminence the Noble Earl  1360. Earl of Kildare L.J. Appointed 500 l. per ann Salery and required out of that to maintain 20 great Horse for War Hook 72.  1361. Duke of Clarence Lord Lieutenant The third Son of Edw. the third Earl of Vlster and Lord of Connaght he vanquished the Obrians c. and conquered the County of Clare from which he derived his Title of Clarence  1364. James Earl of Ormond L.D.   1365. Sir Thom. Dale Governor 1367. Earl of Desmond L.J.   1369. Sir William de Windsor L.L.  1370. A great Mortality in Ireland 1371. Earl of Kildare L.J.   1372. Sir Robert de Ashton L.J. 1374. Sir William de Windsor L.L.  1376. James Butler Earl of Ormond L.L.   1379. John de Bromwhich L.J. Richard the Second  1381. Dean of St. Patricks and Lord Chancellor L.J.  1383. Philip de Courtney L.L.  1385. Robert Vere Earl of Oxford Marquess of Dublin and Duke of Ireland L. ◠Of whom Cambden records he died in great anguish and penury leaving nothing to his Tomb but Titles nor to the World but matter of talk of his ill life  1385. Sir John Stanley L.D.  1387. Bish of Meath L.J.  1389. Sir John Stanley L.J.  1392. James Earl of Ormond L.J.  1394. Duke of Glocester L.J.  1394. King Richard the Second in person He landed at Waterford with four thousand men at Arms and thirty thousand Archers left Roger Mortimer Earl of Vlster Lord of Trym Clare Connaght L.L. slain by the Obrians   1398. Roger Grey L.J. 1398. Duke of Surrey the Kings Brother L.L.  1399. King Richard 2. the second time Who came to avenge Mortitimers Death In this Year broke out that bloodie War betwixt the Houses of Lancaster and York from which time not only England but Ireland were divided into two powerful Factions the Geraldines stood by the House of York and the Butlers by the House of Lancaster the King returns soon after loseth his Kingdom and Life   Henry the Fourth  1399. Sir John Stanley L.L.  1401. Stephen Scroope L.D. to Thomas of Lancaster the Kings Son 1403. James Earl of Ormond L.J. Chose by the Noblemen of Ireland  1405. Gerald Earl of Kildare L.J.  1406. Stephen Scroop L.D.  1407. James Son of the former Earl of Ormond L.J.  1408. Thomas of Lancaster the Kings Son L.L. left Thomas Butler Dep. The Sword given to the City of Dublin the Provost made Major  Henry the Fifth  1413. The said Butler continued L.J.  1413. Sir John Stanley L.L. The Ancestor of the Earls of Derby  1414. Crawley Arch-Bishop of Dublin L.J.  1414. Sir John Talbot L.L. In whose time Ireland supplied the King with 1600 men to assist him in his Wars with France  1419. Richard Talbot Arch-Bishop of Dublin L.J.  1420. James Butler Earl of Ormond L.L. His Grandsire James sirnam'd the Chast near Athy vanquished the Armie of the O Moorsand Mac Morroughs c. quelled the Obrians in Leinster the Bourks Mac Mahons c. in Thomond in three months time Camp 97.  Henry the Sixth  1423. Earl of Ulster L.L. And died of the Plague  1425. John Lord Talbot L.J.  1426. James Butler Earl of Ormond L.J. And died at Ormond-Place in London  1427. Sir John de Grey L.L.  1428. Edward Dantsey Bishop of Meath Dep.  1428. Sir John Sutton L.L. Sir Tho. Strange his Dep.  1432 Sir Christopher Plunket L.D.  1435 Sir Thomas Stanley L.L.  1436 Talbot Arch-Bp of Dublin L.D.   1438 Lyon Lord Wells L.L. 1440 James Earl of Ormond L.L.   1441 Sir William Stanley L.D.  1441 Stephen Scroop L.D.  1442 Will. Wells Dep. to Lyon Lord Wells 1443 Earl of Ormond L.L.   1446 Earl of Shrewsbury L.L. 1447 Talbot Arch-Bp of Dublin L.J.  1449 Duke of York L.L. In Meath the Rebels burnt several Towns and Villages destroyed Men Women and Children without mercy Camp 99.  1450 Earl of Ormond and Wiltshire Lord Treasurer of England L. Dep. to the Duke of York  1454 Arch-Bishop of Ardmagh L.D.  1454 Earl of Kildare L.D.  1454 Sir Edward Fitz Eustace Lord Deputy to the Duke of York  1456 Earl of Kildare Lord Deputy  1459 Richard Duke of York Earl of Ulster and Lord of Connaght Lord Lieutenant Who contracted with the King for Two thousand Pounds per annum with the Irish Revenue to support the Government ten Years The Nobility of Ireland increasing in Factions betwixt the Houses of York and Lancas ter many destroyed whereby the Irish grew troublesome forcibly possessing the Estates of the Engli sh in Ulster Munster and Connaght  Edward the Fourth  1460 Earl of Kildare Lord Justice  1461 Sir Rowland Fitz Eustace Lord of Portleister and Viscount Baltinglass Lord Deputy to George Duke of Clarence  1463 Thomas Earl of Desmond Deputy to the Duke of Clarence Beheaded for exacting Coin and Livery   1467 John Lord Tiptoft Earl of Worcester L.D. 1471 Thomas Earl of Kildare L.D.  1475 Bishop of Meath Dep.   1478 Lord Grey L.D. 1478 Sir Robert Preston L.D.  1479 E. of Kildare L.D.  1483 Edw. 5. Rich. 3.  1485 The said Earl of Kildare L.D. to John de la Pole Earl of Lincoln L.L. The Imposture Lambert Simnell made a Disturbance in Ireland  Henry the Seventh   1491 Duke of Bedford L.L. 1492 Fitz Simons Arch-Bishop of Dublin L.D.  1493 Preston the first Lord Viscount Gormanstown L.D.   1494 Sir Edward Poynings L.D. Sent over to quell the Imposture Perkin Warbeck who in a Parliament at Drogheda the 10. of Henry the Seventh past that Act called Poynings Act quell'd the O Caryls Mac Nemarras and Obrians in the County of Gallaway received the Honor of the Order of the Garter
Papists do I offer these things to their consideration c. 1. Because whilst they tolerate or indulge them they will never be safe as is asserted in Part. 2. pag. 73. all those miserable Desolations that have befallen them since F. Allen and Parsons were sent over to Desmond and Tyrone with consecrated Banners to encourage them to rebel were the product of these Principles which operated to the ruine and utter desolating many Noble and Worshipful Catholick Families besides multitudes of common people vid. Spencer Campion Sir John Davis Stainhurst c. 2. If they would but consider the many traiterous Attempts that have been made against the Regency and Lives of their English Soveraigns since Henry the Eighth cast off the Popes Supremacy they may easily guess what deep impressions of jealousie and dread that Nation from the Throne to the Plough retains of them as for instance Henry the Eighth was excommunicated and deposed the Kingdom interdicted and tendered to whomsoever could conquer it The Pope in his Bull sent to James King of Scotland declared him deprived of his Kingdom as an Heretick a Schismatick an Adulterer a Murtherer a sacrilegious person and lastly a Rebel and Convict of Le se Magistratis for that he had risen against him the Pope who was his Lord. vide Speed l. 9 c. 21. Innocent Edw. 6. was filled with troubles from them and strongly suspected to be poysoned by their Contrivance Their cruel Persecution by burning c. of five eminent pious Prelates and one and twenty other eminent Divines and many good people in their short Reign by Queen Mary The many Attempts made against the Life and State of that pious Queen Elizabeth against her State in England by that invincible Armado in 88. against her State of Ireland by invading it with an Army of Spaniards and Italians 1580. contriving to bring her Title in question and raise up the Title of Mary Queen of Scots to the Crown of England Campion Parsons and Haywood the three first Jesuits that came for England saith Sir Henry Baker I wish they had been the last made it their business to hire Assassinates to destroy the Queen Summervil to kill her 1582. the like Parry 1584. L. Luce Hist 429 c. Moody hired by the French Ambassador of the Guisin Faction to poyson her ann Dom. 1592. Holt the Jesuit hired Patrick Coleman an Irish Fryar to kill the Queen who of all Fryars love the work after Dr. Lopez Her Majesties Physician hired with 50000 Crowns to poyson her 1593. again ann Dom. 1594. Williams and York c. conspired to fire her Navy ann Dom. 1595. Edward Squire an Officer in her Stable hired by Walpoole the Jesuit to poyson the Pummel of the Queens Saddle after all this their Colledge at Salamanca sent over Winter the Jesuit with Instructions to raise an Army to make war against the Queen who by the aid of fifty disguised Jesuits in England listed 25000 Popish Souliers Winter assuring them the Jesuits of Spain had a Million of Crowns already collected for the Service and many of the Catholick Princes engaged to aid and assist but her God who had wonderfully preserved her all her long Reign took her to himself and so ended hers but not Englands troubles Luc. Hist pag. 405. to 509. King James was designed to be destroyed the day of his Coronation Luc. Hist p. 509 510. And his Title to the Crown rejected as being no Catholick and on that account Waterford Limerick Kilkenny and Wexford c openly opposed his Proclaiming until forced by the Lord Deputy Mountjoy after the several Attempts to rebel as is hinted Part. 1. p. 2 3. But all these hellish Plots by Gods Mercy being frustrated Garnet Catesby Fawx c. contrived to do their work throughly by the Powder Plot November 5. 1605. A Project not presidented in History for horrid Cruelty and hellish Treachery to kill King Queen Prince Lords and Commons at a Clap and then to have charged it upon the Puritans under which Character they would have destroyed the Body of the most stanch Protestants in the the Kingdom and then who should oppose what they would have done Yet Invincible Father Garnet was not discouraged but was at other Devices but was taken 1608. and executed and so ceased plotting Luc. Histor p. 513. yet the King having further Evidence of their plotting his Destruction publish'd his Declaration June 1610. to banish the Jesuits and Priests Luc. Hist 513. Yet did they so swarm in England that Jo. Gee a converted Priest by the fall of the Mass-house at Black Fryars where he narrowly escap'd his Life in his Book called the Foot out of the Snare printed in the year 1624. doth give an Account of a Congregation of Jesuits de Propagando Fide and how some of them boasted they contrived the poysoning of King James vide Prynnes Royal Favorite pag. 54. and Romes Masterpice p. 34. yet in the Reign of Charles the first they were still active anno Dom. 1627. they kept their Colledge at Clerkenwell and behaved themselves so insolently the House of Commons petitioned the King to put the Laws in Execution against them Romes Masterpiece pag. 34. and Prynnes Introd p. 88 89. they were the Fomentors of the Wars betwixt England and Scotland 1639. Prynnes Compl. Hist fol 449 450. and were preparing an Army to invade the South of England whilst the King with his English strength was engaged against the Scots in the North but the Hollanders fought and dispersed their Navy on the English Coast before they landed vide Prynnes Preface to his Vindication of Fundamentals Part 1. but all Projects sailing in England they remembred the proverb He that would England win Must with Ireland first begin They managed their Consults for the Irish Massacre vid. Sir John Temples Preface to the History of the Irish Rebellion And at the same time plotted the poysoning of the King discovered to Sir William Boswel the Kings Agent at the Hague vide Romes Masterpiece And this General Rebellion and bloody Massacre in Ireland did not only lay that Kingdom desolate but also influenced England into that unnatural War that cost it so much precious Blood and Treasure for until the news of that unsuspected amazing destruction of so many innocent Souls in Ireland there was not the least appearance of a breach betwixt the King and his Parliament all things in Scotland were so well pacified by the Kings presence there that when His Majesty upon advice of the Irish Rebellion suddenly hasted for London it became a common speech amongst the Scots Never did a more contented King part with a more contented People and so far were the Parliament at Westminster or the People from the least Jealousie of the King that he was received into London with all imaginable expressions of Joy and Gladness But such an impression did the news of that horrid Massacre make it begat a spirit of Indignation against the Papists and
Brass Write thy recorded Praise till times last Glass And with such zeal preserve thy hallow'd Shrine Till the expir'd Worlds last Ashes mix with thine His Lamentation Lament lament you that dare Honour love And court her at a noble rate Your Prowess to approve And blush not to be good when you grow great Such mourners suit his Vertue and his State Cannons go weep out flames Culverins go cry And roar from every Ship and Battery With such a Fall our Ossory expir'd Ossory as far lamented as admir'd A Warning to Survivers Shrink ye crown'd heads that think your selves secure And from your mouldring Thrones look down Your Greatness cannot long endure The King of terrors claims you for his own You are Tributaries to his dreadful Crown Renown'd Serene Imperial most August Are only high and mighty Epithets of dust In vain in vain so high Our tow'ring Expectations fly While the Blossoms of our Hopes so fresh so gay Appear and promise Fruit then fade away His Example Oh that our Lords would their lost time redeem And not so much admire as copy him Be good like him if they 'd like him be great And be his peers in Vertue as in State No further shall I strive for to express Thy mighty Deeds weak Praises make them less Plebeius observes the Romans to inflame their Noble Youth to aspire to Honor would often shew them the triumphal Statues of their Predecessors which is the design of annexing these Poems to this Epistle to provoke your Lordship to imitation When without your cost or your great Sires consent Is rais'd to him a stately Monument When Tombs and Statues crumble all away And gilded Marble Monuments decay His History will mortallize his Fame To after-ages his great Deeds proclaim His Fame is so much fam'd that he Can never here forgotten be Till Ireland its self become To its own Woods and Bogs a Tomb Till timeless time all things devour By Dooms day Conflagrations showr It was a high piece of Prudence in the Romans to lower the value of Pecuniar Rewards and raise the esteem of Honor to the height in regard a Prince or State by long Wars may drain their Treasury low in Coyn but the Fountain of Honor can never be drained dry whilst it is not spilt on unworthy persons which though it doth not lessen the bulk yet debaseth the Allay of Honor A private Roman Souldier refused a Chain of Gold as a Reward of his gallant Service from Libienus Cesars Lieutenant General saying that he would not have the Reward of the covetous but of the vertuous When Marcus Marcellus built a Temple to Honor and Vertue he made a pertition so that none could come into the Temple of Honor but they must first pass through the Temple of Vertue Sir That your Noble Breast may be as this Temple always close shut against all sorts of vitious Votaries and that your Life may be as your Fathers a patern to all young Gentlemen of truly Noble and Honorable Actions that your Example may be a Reproof to the vitious and a Praise to the vertuous that you may live the Joy and dye the Grief of your Country shall be the Prayer of the most unworthy of your Lordships faithful affectionate Servants R. L. THE PREFACE TO THE READER I Have reason to suspect all to whom I am known will marvel to see me in Print at this time of day and the more at the freedom I take both as to persons and things for whose Satisfaction and my own Vindication I think my self bound to give the following account as to my motives thereto That having been in this Kingdom August next 33 years one third of my time in a publick capacity in the Civil as well as Military Affairs and observing my Ignorance of the State Temper and Constitution of the Country disabled me from being capable of giving such an account of several businesses put upon me as was requisite I addicted my self to the study both of Books and Men of the best and longest experience in the civil Constitution of Ireland by whom I gained some knowledge and inspection and committed my Observations to Writing That for near twenty years past in my more private capacity as a member of the Council of Trade where most of the particulars respecting Trade I publish in this and design in my Treatise of Traffique c. were deliberated by persons of the highest Characters for Parts and Experience in this Kingdom amongst whom I found my self but a Novice in the politicks and methods of Trade which put me upon studying the several Propositions and Questions there propounded not daring to give my Opinion in so honorable and learned an Assembly without Book which engaged me to read much History c. to find the Opinion and Practice of past times in the respective cases there debated in observance of the ensuing Instructions Instructions for the Council of Trade ORMONDE FIrst you are to take into your consideration all the native Commodities of the growth and production of this His Majesties Kingdom of Ireland and how they may be ordered nourished encreased and manufactured to the Imployments of His Majesties people and to the best advantage of the publick and to consider by what way any of the Manufactures in the said Kingdom are corrupted debased and disparaged and by what probable means they may be restored and maintained in their antient Goodness and Reputation 2. You are to consider whether in the said Kingdom of Ireland the Importation of Foreign Comodities doth not over-ballance the Exportation of such as are Native and how to advise and propound the most effectual means that in the said Kingdom the Importations may not exceed the Exportations 3. You are to consider how a Manufacture of Linnen Cloth and Linnen Yarn may be advanced and settled in this Kingdom with most advantage to his Majesty and his people 4. You are to consider by what means the Fishing Trade may be most improved in the said Kingdom of Ireland 5. You are to consider of all other matters relating to Navigation and the encrease and security thereof 6. You are to consider by what particular means Bulloin may be best drawn into Ireland from the Countries of Foreign Princes 7. You are to consider what Advantages for the Trade of His Majesties liege people are provided for by His Majesties Leagues with any of his Confederates and Allies and to advise and propound from time to time what is expedient for His Majesty by his Ministers in Foreign parts or otherwise to take care that His Majesties Subjects may as Justice requires reap the benefit intended to them by such Leagues in relation to their Trade in Foreign parts 8. You are to consider how there may be that equal Distribution of Trade and Manufacture in this Kingdom which will most conduce to the general good of His Majesties loving Subjects therein 9. You are to consider how convenient and practicable any
VII Jesuitical Principles the cause of Irelands mischiefs and miseries therefore their interest to explode them above all the Papists in the World p. 258 A brief Narrative of all the Jesuits Treasons against their English Sovereigns from Hen. 8. to this time wherein is observ'd not only the miseries in Ireland but Englands and Scotlands troubles were promoted by them p. 259 to 264 Their Oath of Confederacy in their last Plot p. 265 The pernicious influence of that Plot though disappointed 266 267 His Majesties great tenderness and indulgence towards Dissenters for 20 years past p. 267 268 Dissenters respect to the Protestant Church of Ireland as now established how far p. 269 Dissenters the most dangerous Hereticks in Ireland to Papists p. 270 The great advantage Vnity in Loyalty would be both to Papists and Protestants in Ireland p. 271 An Alphabetical Table of the principle things in the first Part. A. ADventurers and other estated Absentees drain Ireland of Cash p. 84 85. Apparel extravagant ruines a Country pag. 20 21. Apparel of Silks destructive to Ireland Apparel spruce and costly in the meaner sort many ways inconvenient besides its Charge p. 27 28. Apparel spruce and rich contemned by many wise and potent Princes p. 30 31. Ale-topers their Charge to Ireland p. 55. B. Baronets when instituted and how to be qualiffed p. 16 17. Bastards their great Charge to Ireland p. 45 46. C. Court of Wards well regulated useful to Ireland and for what p. 12 13. D. Debaucheries their Charge to Ireland p. 37. Drunkenness the grand Wealth-consuming Debauchery p. 51. It s Trade ruining and Wealth-wasting influence p. 54 to 57. Drinking to excess is as sinful in them able to bear drink as others sooner distempered p. 60. Drunkards c. are the proper Fanaticks p. 61 62. Drunkenness disdained and grievously punished by Turks and Pagans p. 63. Drunkenness the ruine of States and Armies p. 64 to 69. E. England no pattern for Ireland in Expences and why p. 22. Effeminacy attends Debauchery p. 48 49. F. France gains by their fantastick Garbs and why p. 19. G. Gentry their bad Payment to Tradesmen ruines Trade p. 10 11. Gaming its pernicious Effects p. 42 43. H. Holiness-Ceremonial crowded Holiness-real out of the Church p. 70. Honour when disgrac'd p. 14 15 Healthing the great provoker of Drunkenness p. 58 59 Its sinful p. 60 I. Ireland not setled till when p. 2 3 4 Jesuits their under ground work p. 3 L. Laws Sumptuary p 23 24 Needful in Ireland p. 26 Laws Mercanture necessary to govern Trade p. 10 Laws Common too delatory for Trade ibid. Laws against Absentees p. 86 87 M. Merchants Honourable p. 8 9 Merchants few wealthy in Ireland and why p. 7 Merchants low esteem in Ireland lowers c. Trade p. 8 Manufacturies ruined by Silk worn in Ireland p. 20 Merchants Forreigners their damage to Ireland p. 81 82 N. Nobility when ignoble are the shame and ruine of a Country p. 12 13 14. O. Oaths prophane their provoking destructive nature p. 38 39. P. Perjury its sad Effects p. 41 42. Prophane Swearing the mother of false swearing p. 40. Perjury abhorred by Pagans first tolerated by Popes p. 41. Perjury will never be esteemed a mortal sin whilst prophane swearing is esteemed venial p. 42. Pagans their cruel Laws against Adultery p. 49 50. Prophaneness of Christendome whence p. 69. Prophanenists their Faith blasphemous and fanatical if any they have p. 74 75 76. R. Rome the Fountain of all Prophaneness and Debauchery of Christendom p. 72 73. Revenue farmed to Foreigners great loss to the Country p. 80. S. Swearing prophane its sad Effects p. 38 39. Superfluities not regulated ruines a Country p. 18 19. Strumpets to be prescribed their Apparel p. 29 30. Shipping foreign a great Charge to the Country p. 83. T. Trade its Impediments p. 1 to 11. Trade Ireland not capable of till when p. 4. V. Victuals their Plenty obstructs Trade and Manufacture p. 5 6. W. Whoring its Charge and Damage to Irelands Trade and Wealth p. 44. Destructive to Kingdoms and States pag. 48 49. Wine-bibbers their Charge to Ireland p. 5. ERRATA BY mistake of the Author and mislaying of some Papers occasioned by Business which took up his time delayed the Publication of this Book there are some Errors escaped the Press which is made good by reprinting such Leaves over again or where any were left out as between p. 95. and p 96. the several pages are denoted in the Contents by p A and p B c. calling the first p. A the second B c. which the Reader is desired to mark with his Pen. And for Miss-spellings or other Literal escapes I shall leave to his courtesie to correct and only note what harms the Sense which the Reader or rather Bookseller may soon correct with his Pen. PART I. Page 20. for families read females p. 17. for Couler r. Coller PART II. Pape 29. for confine read consigne p. 57. for Minister r. Ministry p. 190. line ult for Object r. An Answer p. 234. for 1612. r. 1600. ibid. for 812. r. 800. p. H. for momentary r. momentous p. 115. for Stilling fleet 106. r. Stillingfleet 206. Advertisement to the Binder At the end of ** in the Epistle Dedicatory there wants the Direction viz. Plebeius g g the Quarter sheet in G Part 1. is to be placed after f f in Part 2. E e the first leaf to be cancelled the last leaf of F f to be cancelled the last leaf of M m to be the first of E e N n fol. 195 196 and 199 200. to be cancelled O o fol. 213 214 217 218 221 222. to be cancelled the said leaves of N n and O o being reprinted THE INTEREST OF IRELAND In its TRADE and WEALTH Stated CHAP. I. The Reasons why Ireland being so long under the Government of England whose Policies in Trade are inferior to few Countreys should yet be so little improv'd in Trade and Wealth 1. FRom the Impediments or Obstructions Ireland hath met with and is subject unto not common to other Countreys The first and chief Impediment proceeds from the unsetledness of the Countrey as to its subjection to England's Government for though they have long prosest Allegiance to England's Crown yet they have paid but a grudging partial obedience to its Scepter And upon all occasions less or more general have been attempting to draw their necks out of England's Yoke as it s briefly but fully evidenced by Sir John Davis in his Intelligent Book dedicated to King James Intituled A Discovery of the true cause why Ireland was never intirely subdued to the Crown of England and he determines until the 9th of King James Ireland was never fully setled in subjection and obedience to the English Law and Government And if we take a view of the State of Ireland since then and allow the Reign of King James and part of King Charles the First to be
the Account cleared without receiving or paying a peny of Money The which is also practicable in most other cases and all these Assignments have the security of a Bond of the Staple whereby not only the hazard and trouble of Moneys as before but the hazard of disappointment and the charge and delay of Law-suits is wholly prevented and this is not only as to intire sums but the 100 l. may be as easily assigned to 20 persons with a little more trouble in writing and will not only be useful in this case of Traffick and prevent the hazard and charge many Merchants now undergo by the ignorance or unfaithfulness of their Casheers but also accommodate other persons that have occasion to pay or receive Money As for example A Gentleman having an Estate in several parts of the Kingdom far distant from his dwelling may order his Rents to be paid in the next adjacent Bank and being there lodged he may transmit it to any other Bank in the Kingdom and thou assign a Debtor or other person to receive it And this sort of payment being all visible in Bank will be a more certain Discharge or Acquittance than any other that can be given and will wear all other Specialties much out of use and prompt all men to choose Bank-Security before any other where he may have his Money on Rebate at any time before it 's due Besides this Bank-credit will be a conveniency and great incouragement to young Merchants who may be both ingenious and industrious yet their small Stocks being lodged in Goods which they cannot dispose by reason the Market is cloyed or other accidents whereas upon the security of these Goods they may have Credit in Bank to keep up their Trade and pay off such Debts out of the product of such Goods as they can dispose of them to their best advantage Or suppose a Clothier Tanner or Chandler c. have disburst their Stocks in providing Cloath Leather or Tallow and Markets fail at the season expected the charge of Ware-Houses and Servants c. lye upon them though they have no free Stock to keep them at work are thereby eaten up but if they have this Bank to come unto proportionable to the quantity of their Commodities they are supplyed with Money or Credit to go on chearfully in their Callings Or it may happen an honest and sufficient Man may be indebted upon a Statute or Judgment and cannot raise the Money by the time limited nor the Creditors occasions for his Money suffer him to forbear it the Credit of one is preserved and the Want of the other supplyed without extremity of charge and damage to either since the Bank upon Security answers the Money And besides the general benefit to the Kingdom by increasing Trade and Commerce there will not be a person of the highest or lowest Rank but will find a conveniency and benefit by the Bank A Nobleman of 10000 l. per ann may have occasion for 500. or 1000 l. more or less some short time before his Rent come in but without Mortgaging part of his Estate and paying six months Interest no man will trouble himself to pay and receive Money whereas if himself or any friend of his have Credit in Bank he is supply'd for what weeks or days he pleases And so a poor man ingenious and industrious could put himself into a way to maintain his Family comfortably could he procure but a smal Sum of Money if he goes to Pawn-brokers it is ordinary with them to demand Six pence or Four pence a week for every Pound which for a year is more than the Principal whereas by the Bank Lumber he may be supplied if not gratis yet at less than legal Interest and by this the Jews and Dutch preserve themselves from Beggers the feeblest amongst them if not bed-rid are put into a capacity to get their livelihoods and for others Hospitals are provided Therefore let not this Bank Traffique be rejected as an unpracticable notion for it is beyond contradiction that England c. have raised themselves from little to great Trade thereby and so may Ireland if not wanting to it self This expedient of Banks and Company-trade were the first foundation of the great Traffique of other Countries flourishing in Trade as Venice Florence Belgia c. where the very Constitutions of their Government are form'd principally for the promotion of Trade their Princes and Nobles being their chief Merchants and their Senates Councils of Trade And the Hans-Towns of Germany raised their Trade by this means who were the first Corporation of Trade we read of above sixty Towns and Cities united their Stocks and Policies of which Lubeck Brumswick Danzick and Cullen were the chief places of their Residence and so great was their Trade and Credit under that Constitution that all Princes granted them Priviledges and they kept their Courts by their Deputies and Councils at Bergen Novagrade Antwerpe and London where King Henry 3. granted them great Priviledges and the Still-yards for their residence which they enjoyed near 300 years and managed their Trade by an Alderman and Council c. called the Yeild of the Hans ingrossed the Trade of England for Grain Cables Mast Pitch Tar c. until by their example each Country learnt the knowledge of Trade themselves and dismissed them And in the year 1551. being the 5. of Edw. 6. upon complaint of the English Merchants their priviledges were seised into the Kings Hands and the Trade ever since enjoyed by the Merchants of London to the great enriching of that famous City And the best president I can lay before Ireland is England who untill the Reign of Hen. 3. was as confused and consequently as low in Trade as Ireland is now but hath been especially for these last 140 years the most flourishing Kingdom in Trade in the world and they must commence the rise and growth of their Trade from their beginning to trade by united Stocks and Policies for which a Patent was first obtained by the Merchant Staplers from Edw. 3. from which time we find our Statute Books crowded with excellent Laws for the encouraging and regulating Trade which yet did not arrive to its height and splendor until about the beginning of the Reign of Queen Elizabeth who did not only confirm what was done by her Predecessors but augmented and greatly enlarged the Priviledges of that ancient Company of Staplers and confirmed the Charter of the Muscovy Company newly granted by Philip and Mary and ordained in her time three new Corporations for Trade which enlarged the Trade of England abundantly viz. the East-India the Levant and Eastland Companies the Priviledges of all which have been confirmed and enlarged with great respect by all her Successors in Parliament and His Majesty that now is hath added the African and Canary Companies that if we had no other Argument to prove united Stocks and Policies in Trade the great if not the only means to
promote and increase Traffique and Commerce the Examples of so many prudent Princes and States and the Experience of the Kings and Parliaments of England for this 300 years past might serve But I shall demonstrate by good reason and unquestionable authority when opposed that this one expedient shall remove all the considerable impediments of Trade in a short time dam up the current of much of our Expence upon Foreign Growth shall reduce our confused Trade to a method improve the native Growth of the Country to its height as to Value at home and Credit abroad shall rescue our Trade managed by foreign Stocks into our own hands shall increase His Majesties Revenue and enable his Subjects of Ireland to farm it upon terms more to the Kings profit and conveniency and the Kingdoms benefit and content and to advance considerable Sums upon the Security of any Branch of His Majesties Revenue when his Affairs shall require it And I will further undertake to demonstrate that all other Expedients without this shall never attain these Ends let a Parliament pass all the Statutes of England for the incouragement of Trade in Ireland it shall signifie no more than good Laws without Courts of Justice to execute them for though Interest prompts people to Industry yet it neither qualifies nor governs them in right methods to attain their ends A stragling Trade managed by particular persons each striving to advance his private Interest though to the ruine of the Trade in general and obstructing it in other particulars can no more make a Country flourish in Trade than a stragling Army without Discipline and Order can preserve its peace But designing brevity I shall only assert that Ireland is now much more able to erect govern such a Trade than England was about 300 years ago when Ed. 1. incourag'd it and Ed. 3. established by Charter the Company of Staplers or Merchant Adventurers which was the Mother Company of England and all it enjoy'd until Philip and Mary erected the Muscovy Company yet that one Company removed the Staple from foreign parts to our own ports and soon after the Clothing Trade from Flanders whereby the Growth of England especially the Wools were improved to 5 and 7 and in some cases after the Worsted-trade of Stuffs and Stockings was attained to ten times its value I am not unsensible that this Work will meet with opposition from some particular persons whose private Interest may seem to be invaded by it for so did that ancient and beneficial Company of Staplers in England as a Monopoly intrenching upon the Liberty of the Subject to the Parliaments in Hen. 4. Hen. 7. Edw. 6. and Queen Maries time yet all parties being heard those Complaints were quash'd and the Priviledges of the Companies ratified and enlarged Yet again in Queen Elizabeths time the importunity of the Clothiers prevailed against the Company but after a short tryal the Clothing Countries were ruined to that extremity that in the 29th of Elizabeth the Lords of the Council sent for the members of the Company and desired them to reassume their Priviledges and cheerfully proceed in their Trade and they should receive all possible countenance and assistance So in the Reign of King James Alderman Cocken of London c. prevailed to have the Company dissolv'd but after two years confusion Trade so miserably languished that the King published his Proclamation Anno 1617. for the Restitution of the Company to its ancient Priviledges In like manner King Charles the first observing the decay of Trade from the confusion intruding Interlopers brought upon it publisht his Proclamation Dec. 7. 1634. Whereas we have taken into our Princely consideration the manifold Benifits that redound to this Kingdom c. and finding how much Government and Order will conduce to the increase and advancement of the same We have thought fit with the Advice of our Privy Council to declare our Royal Pleasure herein c. and then positively and largely prohibits any to intrude upon the Companies Priviledge upon pain of his high Displeasure and of such Punishments as the Court of Star-Chamber whom We especially charge with the Execution of our Royal Pleasure herein shall think fit to inflict for such Contempts After this the 11th of March 1643. both Houses past an Ordinance intituled For the Upholding of the Government of the Fellowship of Merchant Adventurers of England c. near to the same effect as His Majesties Proclamation before recited And as Corporation Traffique hath procured all the flourishing Trade England now enjoys so the Portugals Dutch c. have thereby altered the whole course of Trade that Venice had with India Arabia and Persia Venice being the ancient Mart for the Commodities of those Countries now buy of us so the English Levant Company hath wrested the India Trade from the Turks and now sell where Venice used to buy And that which gives England and Ireland the advantage in Traffique is the staple Commodities they sell necessary for Life as Flesh Fish c. for the Belly Cloth Stuffs c. for the Back that in most Countries England trades with they wear Englands Woollen Livery eat in English Pewter Seasons and Sauce with Englands Indian Spices shod with English Leather there is no Clothing in Spain esteemed like the English Bayse and Stuffs nor no Food exceeds the English Herring and Pilcher Sweden Denmark and all those cold Northeast Countries within the Sound to the bottom of the Baltick keep themselves warm by English woollen Cloth and all this obtained by vertue of Englands Trade by united Stoks and Policy For in little above 100 years Europe was so far from trading with the East and West Indies the West were unheard of as I shew in my Treatise of Traffique and the East unknown otherwise than by report to our Mariners and Merchants Italian and Spanish Merchants were esteemed great Adventurers until the Turkie and East India Companies were incorporated by Queen Elizabeth who God made instrumental not only to reform Religion but to regulate and advance Trade Englands and Hollands true Religion and potent Trade came together God grant they never go together it is worthy our observation how the mighty flourishing Monarchy of Spain since Charles the 5. and his Son Philip the 2. hath dwindled away and decayed in Fame and Potency since they erected their barbarous Inquisition which banished their Trade and Wealth to England and Holland that Antwerpe and Sevils Ebb tide in Trade hath made it full Sea at London and Amsterdam and as England and Holland hath gained their Trade and Wealth by being Receptacles and Shelters of persecuted Protestants so will the contrary lose it the Italians have a proverb He that would improve Italy must destroy Milan that is disperse the multitude of Artists there setled to the other Cities that want them which nothing so naturally effects as Persecution Let them beware they lose it not by persecuting them and driving them away The
Commerce of this Society be prescribed by the major part of its Members at their annual Councils at which time the Governor c. are to give an account of their whole Transactions for the time past and to propose to the general Assembly what they shall think fit to be then considered for the Proceed of the Company the ensuing year 3. That a known place be provided near the Exchange and the Office to be open from nine to twelve in the forenoon and from three to six in the afternoon and as business increaseth so the time to be enlarged 4. That a Bank Lumber be erected to supply the occasions of the poorer sort with small sums of Mony upon Pawns at reasonable rates 5. That the whole Constitution of the Bank and Corporation with its Priviledges and Securities be confirmed by Act of Parliament 6. For the mutual Security not only against each other but also betwixt the Bank and all persons it shall give or receive Credit from that they do agree that all their Bills and Tickets do bear the force of Bonds of the Staple by prevailing with the City of Dublin c. until a Parliament meet that the Governor of this Society to be still chosen Mayor of the Staple the profit of all Statutes acknowledge for Debt not relating to the Bank-trade to be still entred in the City Book and paid to the City Treasurer or whom they shall appoinâ— to receive it as also all their Entries and Certificates to bear the Credit of a Publick Notary by swearing one Clerke of the Office in that capacity which will strengthen the credit of their Security and facilitate all their transactions Besides this Affair upon the Foundation of the Law of the Staple will give a legal stamp until the Kings Patent be obtained and a Parliament of Ireland meet to enact the same It may be serviceable to both Kingdoms in executing the Laws against Transporting our Irish Wools into Foreign parts which hath been the bane of the Clothing Trade of England as well as Ireland for by the advantage of our Irish Wools both France and the Low Countries have been able to work up their own Wools to the height of our English Staple which otherwise they were not capable of for as the Wools of Spain and the more southerly parts of France are too tender and fine for strong thick Cloth so the Northerly Wools are too course and harsh to produce it but mixing our Wools with either they produce Cloth of what sort they please by which advantage the great Trade for Woollen Manufacture of the Hamborough Eastland and Muscovy Companies are much damnified who vended the greatest proportion of our Northern course and middle Cloths c. Poland Silesia c. having not only much increased the number of their Sheep but improved the Staple of their Wools of late years and encouraged great numbers of the English Weavers c. to settle amongst them besides the Prince Elector Palatine hath carried over into his Country many thousands of English Families all Artists in the Woollen Manufacture within these twenty years But if the transporting of our Irish Wools could be prevented it would put a violent check to their progress for which we have good and severe Laws only want persons interested to prosecute and execute them and it would be the interest of this Corporation to use their utmost diligence therein both in order to increase their own Manufactures for the supply of their Exportations and discourage foreign Manufactures to preserve their Market And as it would be much their Interest so will they be in a capacity to effect it above any other Judicatures by the advantage of their Factors and Correspondents in all Ports who will easily discover all attempts of that kind especially having the Authority and observing the method of the Staple which 1. Limits the Transportation of staple Commodities to certain known publick places to be bought and sold as Newcastle upon Tine York Lincolne Norwich Westminster Canterbury Chichester Winchester Exeter and Bristol in Ireland at Dublin Waterford Drogheda and Cork and for Wales Carmarthen where all Wools Wool Fells Leather Led c. were to be brought and weighed at the Kings Beam and every Sack or Bag of Wool to be sealed by the Mayor of the Staple c. 2. As they are by the said Act confined to places for Markets so to Ports for Shipping as for York at Hull Lincoln at Boston Norwich at Yarmouth Westminster at London Canterbury at Sandwich VVinchester at Southampton to be again weighed at the Ports before the Customers and an Indenture signed betwixt the Mayor of the Staple and the Customers all which with the Weight and Custom paid to be express'd in the Cocket at that time every Sack of Wool paid six shillings eight pence two hundred Wool Fells twenty shillings a Last of Leather thirteen shillings four pence and every Sow of Lead three pence Foreigners paid a third more besides the Merchant to take an Oath before the Mayor of the Staple c. that they should hold no Staple beyond the Sea of the same Commodities according to the 27th of Edward the Third Chap. 1. State Staple Now if our Ancestors found reason to keep this methodical Check upon the Transportation of Wools only to preserve the Kings small Duty before England attained the Woollen Manufacture much more ought there now to be a stricter Check observed when not only the Kings great Duty but Manufacture which is the Wealth and Glory of the Country depends upon it And for Ireland the Staple being confined to the four Ports beforementioned all upon the English Sea both for Markets and Shiping if it were now observed with these following Rules added they could never wrong us of a Bag of Wool 1. That as our Ports are prescribed so the Markets of the Staple appointed as before observed in England and every Town prescribed its Port to ship that the Staplers at every such Market should maintain a sworn Weigher who should certifie to the Staple Port the Quantity and Quality of the Wool then weighed and to whom sold 2. That no person be permitted to buy or sell Wools c. but a Brother of the Yeild of the Staple who upon their Freedom are sworn not to transgress its Laws If Foreigners to give Security to observe the Staple Rules 3. That no Ship be permitted to transport Wool that do not belong either to the Port where it was taken in or the Port in England it is consign'd to 4. That no Security be accepted but known substantial Inhabitants of the Port the Goods are ship'd from 5. That the Clerk of the Licenses register every License and issue no more to that person until he bring a Certificate or a Copy of the Cocket from the Custom-house of the due shiping of the former to be â—il'd That the Certificate of its true landing be returned in six months after the date of the
had they been permitted quietly to enjoy this small part they so rightfully possest they had gone no further But instead thereof Roderick King of Connaght then sole Monarch of Ireland raiseth the whole Kingdom to drive out Mac Morrough and his Welshmen upon which he appeals to Strongbow and renewes former contracts who hasts over with about 1200 fresh Men by them wars with the Waterfordians who were in Arms against him took the City and married the Kings Daughter with an assurance of the Reversion of the Kingdom and soon after disperses his Enemies then surrendred all his Conquests to the King who came over with a new Force to secure his Interest which so terrified the Irish that all their Kings and great Lords proffered to to be tributary and swore Allegiance and had they so continued they had felt no farther damages But no sooner was the Kings back turned but they are again up in Arms to disposess the English of what they had so justly atchieved who still subdued them and gained ground of them and obtained Grants of their new Conquests until all the Irish Kings and great Lords were vanquished and their Lands c. possest by the English Victors the Heirs of Ulster and Connaght married to the Kings Subjects whose successive Heirs in process of time were married unto the Royal Family and so their Lands and Honours came Hereditary in the Crown who of right disposed of them at pleasure Now had it not been the Interest as well as the Duty of the Irish to have submitted to their first Concessions Then Dermot Mac Morrough had sustained no wrong his right Heir had enjoyed his Dominion and the rest of the Irish great Lords had enjoyed their particular Rights none pretended to disturb them until constrained in their own defence So if we take a further view of their many Insurrections and perfidious Rebellions since they held their Honours and Lands from the Crown of England it will appear they were tempted to it by the weakness of the English Interest as in times of troubles in England by the Barons Wars and Struggles betwixt the two Roses c. When the Kings of England drew over part of their Army for Ireland some taking one side and some the other which did not only weaken Englands Strength in Ireland but divided what were left into powerful Factions betwixt the great English Lords of Ireland which became the cause of the ruine of that great Family of Desmond with several others of good Rank who though degenerated from their English Civilities yet after they turned Rebels against their Prince they fell wholly off to the Interest Manners and Customs of his and their own former Irish Enemy whereby Ireland was to be new conquered and replanted for the degenerate English were more stubborn Rebels and with more difficulty subdued than the rebellious Natives for although their Minds and Manners were degenerated they had so much English Blood left in their Veins as gave them English Courage and Resolution whereby Tho. Fitz Giralds and Desmonds Rebellions became harder work to subdue than any before them they also receiving great Incouragements and Aids from the Pope and King of Spain upon the account of Religion they became obdurate the same Indulgences that were granted to the Souldiers fighting against the Turk in the holy War being sent them whereby their Consciences were not only released from their Obligations of Allegeance to their Prince but strongly engaged on the behalf of holy Church to extirpate that mad and venemous Doctrine and Hellish Opinion as the Protestant Faith was then termed in a Pamphlet then publish'd intituled A Declaration of the Divines of Salamanca and Vallidolid dispersed through Ireland by O Sullivan a Spanish Priest which with divers other practices of the Irish to shake off the English Government is rehearsed and press'd by that pious Prelate Primate Usher the Glory of the Irish Protestant Church in his elegant Speech to an Assembly of all the States of Ireland April 1627. in which he defends my Assertion that it is the Interest of the Irish to aid and support the Prosperity of the English Interest amongst them and had they had Grace to have believed him some thousands of Irish Families now utterly ruined might have been in a prosperous state And after he had minded them of their traiterous tendering the Regency of Ireland to the French King and upon his refusal to the Spaniard which was by him accepted for although Henry the fourth of France was not Apostate enough to invade his Protestant Neighbours yet Charles the fifth of Spain and his Son Philip were Papist enough to admit the Popes Donation which the Irish obtained for them Title good enough not only to claim Ireland and invade it with several Armies of Italians and Spaniards who landed at Kinsale and Kerry to their cost but also to attempt England by their supposed invincible Armado in 88. but the invincible just God did not only deliver us from their power the Sword destroying his Land Souldiers in Ireland and the Sea swallowing up his Naval Force assayling England but also from that time blasted the Counsels and Successes of that aspiring Monarch that their Fame and Potency hath ever since dwindled away Portugal and the Low Countries soon after revolted and the stately Don who then talk'd and acted as proudly as Monsieur doth now was so far from beeing able to invade his Neighbours he hath been put to his shifts to secure his Hereditary Countries and as old as I am I hope to live to see it the case of Monsieur who though now stiled the most Christian King hath declared himself the most inveterate Enemy to the most Christian Faith and Profession in the Christian World and let but the Defender of the Faith turn his Subjects loose with his Commission in their pockets they would soon covince him of it and let him know that the English Blood that inspired their Ancestors at the Battel of Agincourt c. is boyling hot in their Veins and that Charles the Second may be as dreadful to France as ever was Henry the fifth c. when he pleaseth if our God hath not given us up for our impious provocations to be a prey and a spoil as he did Israel to the Assyrians a bitter and hasty Nation But to return to my Argument that it is the Interest of the Irish Papists to further the Protestant English Interest in Ireland I shall return to my reverend Author saith he They put me in mind of the Philosophers Observations that such who have a vehement respect to a few inferiour things are easily misled to overlook many great things so saith he they have so deep a sense of their present burthen of contributing small matters towards the support of the Kings Army to secure us from foreign Invasions that they overlook all those miserable Desolations that will come upon them by a long and heavy War which the having of an
such a dread of the like Miseries that might be perpetrated in England by them moved the Parliament to desire of the King the Ordering the Militia on pretence for the better security of the Nation against Papists and speedier Suppression of the Irish Rebellion upon which Head arose that woful Breach on which that unnatural War with all its dismal consequences succeeded from that time began the rude Tumults of London Apprentices c. and all other misbehaviour as you may read in Scobels Collections of that years Transactions And on that occasion succeeded that Petition and large Remonstrance from the Parliament presented to the King December 14. 1641. which laid the foundation of all our succeeding Miseries so that all Englands Scotlands and Irelands Troubles since Henry the eighth shak'd off the Papal Yoke have arose either from the Papists Struggles to recover their tyrannical Dominion over these Kingdoms or the Divisions they have made amongst Protestants by their wily sleights And what their Plots have been against the Life of Charles the second and the Peace of England of late we are wearied with reading the Discoveries and Evidences in Print I shall only insert their Oath of Secresie which will serve for an Epitome of the whole Plot at least the Design of it and indeed it is the truest Explanation of all their former Oaths of Confederacy extant In this the Monks Hood is thrown by of defending and maintaining His Majesties just Rights c. They here clearly renounce and disown any Allegiance and do swear to help his Holiness's Agents c. to extirpate and root out and destroy the said pretended King of England c. The Oath of Secrecy given by William Rushton to me Robert Bolron February 2. 1676. In the Name of the Father and of the Son and of the Holy Ghost Amen I Robert Bolron being in the presence of Almighty God the blessed Mary ever Virgin the blessed Michael the Arch-Angel the blessed St. John Baptist the holy Apostles St. Peter and St. Paul and all the Saints in Heaven and to you my Ghostly Father do declare and in my heart believe the Pope Christs Vicar General to be the true and only Head of Christs Churh here on Earth and that by vertue of the Keys of Binding and Loosing given his Holiness by our Saviour Christ he hath Power to depose all Heretical Kings and Princes and cause them to be killed Therefore to the utmost of my power I will defend this Doctrine and his Holinesses Rights against all Usurpers whatever especially against the now pretended King of England in regard that he hath broke his Vows with his Holinesses Agents beyond Seas and not performed his Promises in bringing into England the holy Roman Catholick Religion I do renounce and disown any Allegiance as due to the said pretended King of England or Obedience to any of his inferour Officers and Magistrates but do believe the Protestant Doctrine to be Heretical and Damnable and that all are damn'd which do not forsake the same and to the best of my power will help his Holinesses Agents here in England to extirpate and root out the said Protestant Doctrine and to destroy the said pretended King of England and all such of his Subjects as will not adhere to the holy See of Rome and the Religion there professed I further do promise and declare that I will keep secret and private and not divulge directly or indirectly by Word Writing or Circumstance whatever shall be proposed given in charge or discovered to me by you my Ghostly Father or any other engaged in the promoting of this pious and holy Design and that I will be active and not desist from the carrying of it on and that no hopes of Rewards Threats or Punishments shall make me discover the rest concerned in so pious a Work and if discovered shall never confess any Accessaries with my self concerned in this Design All which I do swear by the blessed Trinity and by the blessed Sacrament which I now purpose to receive to perform and on my part to keep inviolable and do call all the Angels and Saints in Heaven to witness my real intention to keep this Oath In testimony whereof I do receive this most holy and blessed Sacrament of the Eucharist By this Oath it is evident Popelings are no Changelings Hildebrands Principles commencing an Dom. 606. are here repeated in their full strength above a thousand years after and why these treasonable Plots and Principles were not since the time of this Oath effectually perpetrated is so notoriously manifest in the multitudes of Prints published on that occasion it evidenceth it was not for want of good will on their parts And although God hath gratiously and wonderfully preserved the precious Life of the King and in him the Lives of us all that value our Religion Yet have these Incendiaries not lost their labour but have accomplished that which is next to cutting all our Throats viz. the fomenting a Misunderstanding and Jealousie betwixt the most indulgent and compassionate Prince and his faithful and loyal Subjects A doleful consideration it is to all serious loyal Hearts to observe a Prince so lately received with all expressible passions of Joy not only by those that expected Gain and Advancement but by others that knew they should suffer Loss as to their private Fortunes yet were so weary of their past and then present Confusion and so well satisfied in the Kings Gratious Declarations and Intentions they could and did say as Mephibosheth to David For as much as our Lord the King is come again in peace let Zibah take all let Royalists but not Papists take our Crown and Bishops Lands our Regiments and Troops c. our Hearts shall joyn with our Hands to lift the King into his Throne which we defie all other Hands to do without us so England c. may be once more settled And with what mutual content both King and People have enjoyed each other till the very day this last Hell-hatch'd Plot broke out is notorious to all Europe as well as Great Britain and Ireland till then we heard of no Court nor Country Parties no Whiggs nor Tories c. but in Irelands Boggs c. no Petitioners Abhorrers or Addressers but what the King was pleased with no executing penal Laws on Dissenters but on the contrary Subjects entirely and universally endeared to a Prince in his own nature compounded of of Tenderness and Sympathy pleading with Parliaments against penal Statutes and proposing to their Consideration that some Provision might be made to enable him to dispence with such Protestants who through misguided Conscience could not conform to the Ceremonies Discipline c. of the Church vid. Speeches Octob. 26. 1662. and again Mar. 6. 1678. His Majesty did not only press the House but also commanded the Lord Chancellor to commend to their consideration not only what might tend to preserve the Protestant Religion in general but for an
thing propounded to you may be concerning new Inventions and Improvements in any Art Trade or Manufacture and thereof as occasion may be to make report unto Vs the Lord Lieutenant or other Chief Governor or Governors of this Kingdom and Council 10. You are to consider what means sturdy Vagrants and Beggars may be compelled to earn their living by some lawful Calling 11. You are to consider by what ways and means Commerce may be promoted by the Imployment of some persons in the mending Highways and Bridges and making Rivers navigable and in draining Boggs and Loghs and recovering Land from the Sea 12. You are diligently to enquire into the abuses of Weights and Measures practised throughout the said Kingdom and to consider how the same may be effectually remedied 13. You are to consider how Correspondencies may be settled in all places of great Commerce abroad that it may be better known with what profit or loss the native Commodities of this Kingdom are there vented and what Laws are made and Trades new erected there to the advantage of the Trade of His Majesties Subjects of this Kingdom 14. You are faithfully and with speed to deliver your Opinions in Writing and so to make reports thereof to Vs the Lord Lieutenant or other Chief Governor or Governors of this Kingdom and Council concerning the Premises as likewise concerning such other matters as shall be occasionally at any time referred to your consideration Given at His Majesties Castle of Dublin the 18th day of May. 1664. Ja. Armachanus Massereene W. Caulfield Drogheda Kingston Jo. Bysse G. Wentworth Arth. Forbes Theo. Jones Maur. Eustace Canc. Mich. Dublin Joh. Clogher Hen. Medensis Hen. Tichburne John Temple Paul Davies James Ware First Meeting May 26. 1664. Present LOrd Primate Lord Chancellor Lord Arch-Bishop of Dublin Lord Bishop of Meath Lord Chief Justice Donelan Lord Massereene Sir Paul Davies Sir John Percivall Sir Robert Meredeth Sir Robert Forth Sir John Temple Master of the Rolls Sir Edward Massey all of the Privy Council besides the Mayor and Recorder of Dublin with seven or eight Aldermen Sir Audly Mervin Sir John Temple the Kings Sollicitor General Serjeant Grissith and several chief Lawyers and other Gentlemen and principle Merchants who after reading the Commission and Instructions chose Committees to prepare Business appointed time and place for the weekly Meeting and adjourned And so continued their constant weekly Meetings for several years in debate of these general Heads of Instruction and their Branches and after the greatest deliberation sometimes two or three months upon one Instruction agreed and resolved several of them into Reports to the Council Board the particular Heads of the said Reports as they are registred in their Books take as followeth A Table to the Register-Book REports upon your Graces Commission for regulating the Herring fishing in Dublin Harbour fol. 1 2. Linnen Manufacture 3 4. Fishing in the Isles of Bussâ—n and Clare 5. Free ports 6. For Farming the Excise 7 8 9. Reasons for the prohibiting Foreign growth Manufactures fol. 9 10. Light Houses 11. For the transporting Felons that receive the benefit of their Clergy 12. For the encouragement of the Manufacture of Sâ—uffs 13 14. For the better ordering the Post Office 15. Small Money For the regulating the Weights and Measures 20 to 24. For more easie and speedy Recovery of small Debts and prevention of Arrests upon false Actions 24 25 26 27 28. Marriners to be regulated 26. Regulating Protections 29. Arguments against the Act prohibiting our Transportation of Cattel 30 31 32 33. Against Importation of Hats 34 35. A general Subscription proposed against wearing foreign Manufactures 36. About Fewel to furnish our selves without Foreign supplies with Cole and Turf 41. About regulating the Shooemakers and lowering the price of Boots and Shooes fol. 42 43 44. A Report for the printing Colonel Lawrences Directions for the planting Hemp and Flax 45 46 48 49. That every Female above twelve years of age shall produce a proportion of Woollen Worsted or Linnen Yarn every year 47. To prevent abuses in slaughtering Cattel and packing Beef and Pork fol. 50 51. Rules to prevent false packing of Butter 52 53. A general Estimate of Trade and Experiments proposed for the Improvements thereof 54 55 56. But the Duke of Ormond leaving the Government before a Parliament met or those capable of forming into Acts of State performed or put in practice as the Council of Trade was their Nursery so the Council-Table became their Sepulchre where they remain in their Urn to this day and not like to have a resurrection whilst the Realm is under such a consternation and consequently the Government incumbered with the variety of Affairs relating to the preservation of the whole as these late horrid Popish Plots have brought us under For before the Dukes removal most of the Privy Council and other principal Ministers of State seemed exceeding fond of all proposals tending to the Improvement of the Trade and Manufacture of the Nation and resolved to put the Act of Parliament for the Linnen Manufacture in practice at Chappelizod And although I gave my Opinion against the Report in the Council of Trade and my Argument at Council-Table against the practice of that Act until a Parliament met to mend it yet they were pleased not only to make an Experiment in the case but also to pitch upon my self admitting of no excuse to manage it which after three or four months sollicitation I only submitted to until some other fit person could be procured but the Duke removing what Discouragements I received and Loss and Damage I sustained under the Regency of his Successors I shall give an Account of in my Treatise of Manufacture which will give some further Evidence of the difference betwixt a Kingdom being governed by persons peculiarly interested in its prosperity and others Aliens to its peculiar Interest Now having been so long and so much engaged in the Affairs of Ireland of this nature and being hopeless to live to see such a vigorous Spirit for Irelands Improvement revived in the Government as was from the year 64. to the year 69. lest the succeeding Generation should be discouraged attempting Irelands Improvement in Trade and Manufactures from the common Fame of so many Miscarriages in these former Attempts I thought it my duty to leave these Memoires for their Information though I should have been glad a more polite pen had performed it yet having taken so much pains spent so much time and attained so much dear bought Experience in this Affair I shall submit the censure of my integrity and prudence in this publication to the charitable judicious and slight the Reflections of others In Matter of Fact I have not presumptuously erred sparing no pains to find out the Truth by Inquisition of the most knowing persons and searching all Records and Histories I could come at yet in an Affair consisting of so many Heads some mistakes may happen but if
more intolerable then this of Garments is that universal practice of wearing Silk-hoods and Scarfs which every mean mans Wife and Servants c. yea Carmens and Porters Wives put on which increaseth the number of the former double But compute these sorts of Silken Heads and Shoulders worn by these Gammers to sixty thousand persons and compute that expence but at twenty Shillings each person a year it consumes of the Wealth of this Kingdom sixty thousand Pounds per ann Besides it turnes â—elt-making one of the expensivest Manufactures of Wooll in the Countrey and consequently one of the profitablest For it did not only manufacture a great proportion of our Woolls but employed therein a great number of industrious people And suppose the same number of Servants and mean mens Wives and Daughters c. that now wear Silk-hoods and Scarfs wore Hats or Searge-hoods at five Shillings each the Wooll being nor valued above half the price the profit of the Countrey by the labour of the people that is now lost would amount unto seven thousand five hundred Pounds per. ann So that by this one consumption of foreign Silk-Manufacture with its prevention of consuming of our own damnifies this Kingdom sixty seven thousand five hundred Pounds per ann Obj. If this be so how comes it England and France that much exceed Ireland's expence in Garbs and yet both flourishing Kingdoms in Trade and Wealth Answ First it is not granted they exceed Ireland the quantity and quality of the people considered for these Countreys are not only much more populous but far more wealthy and although the Nobility and Gentry of France are expensive yet the Peasant or ordinary People are restrained both by Law and Custom to wear the most ordinary product of their own Countrey And as I observed before the State of France gains rather than loses by the Garbs of particular persons For they sell more to others than pays for the foreign matter they manufacture for themselves But let us compare our selves with England the State and Garb whereof being more generally known to us than that of France and we shall find we much exceed England in the profuseness of our expences this way if the quality and quantity of persons be considered First England must be considered as a Family after many years gathering by great pains and good husbandry in possession of a great well-setled Estate but Ireland as a young Beginner if it have yet begun in the way to get Wealth And if a Gentleman of a thousand Pounds per ann will keep the Port and spend at the rate of another of ten thousand Pounds per ann the mischief of the Parity will soon appear and England does not only possess ten times the Wealth of Ireland but drives ten times his Trade and twenty to one is great odds in expences Secondly if England must be Irelands pattern in Garbs and Expences then review Englands Garb and Expences when its state was more sutable to Ireland and you will find it very mean and homely to what Ireland is now and as it increased in Wealth so in the expensiveness of its Garb and Port and so soon as the people began to break bounds on that hand the wisdom of those times saw reason to restrain them by sumptuary Laws as in the 17th of Edward the Third the Parliament ordained Rules for the Apparel of all Ranks and Degrees of persons as followeth First The Apparel of the Servants of Lords c. was not to exceed the value of twenty six shillings and eight pence their Wives and Children suitable and to wear no Deils above the value of twelve pence Secondly Handicrafts and Yeomen their whole Garment not to exceed the value of 40 shillings no Silk nor Silver c. their Wives Daughters suitable in their Vesture and Apparel to wear no Veil of Silk but of Yarn made within the Realm no Furs but Lamb Coney Cat and Fox Thirdly All Gentlemen under the state of a Knight having not above a Hundred pounds Rent per annum their Apparel not to exceed three pounds six shillings and eight pence if Rents of two Hundred Marks per annum and above they might wear Cloth to the value of Five Marks with Cloth of Silk and Silver their Wives and Children any Furs but no Ermines c. Fourthly Citizens worth Five Hundred Pounds to the value of Knights of One Hundred Pounds per annum if worth 1000 l. they might wear in the manner of Knights and Gentlemen of Two Hundred Pounds Rent per annum none of their Servants to exceed the value allowed to the Servants of Lords before mentioned Fifthly All Knights and Ladies that possess Lands or Rents above the value of Four Hundred Marks per annum to a thousand may wear their pleasure except Ermines and Iewels only on their Heads Sixthly all Ecclesiastical persons according to the custom of their Dignity or proportionably to their yearly Revenue by the former Rules of Knights and Gentlemen Lastly all Labourers and other people not worth forty Shillings are to wear Cloth not above 12 pence per yard These Rules were strengthned with the penalty of forfeiting all things worn contrary to them and by the same Statute Clothiers are injoyned to make their Clothes sutable to the Rates These Laws with some addition and increase of Penalties were again confirmed by Parliament the â—â—ard year of Edward the Fourth being near one hundred years after with power given to the Justices of the Peace to see the Statutes observed annexed to this Preamble Prayeth the Commons Assembled in Parliament to our Soveâ—â—â—â— Lord the King to call to his gracious Remembrance that in the times of his Noble Progenitors divers Ordiâ—â—â—â—◠〈◊〉 Statutes were made in this Realm of England for the Apparel and 〈…〉 Commons of the said Realm no â—â—ll Men 〈◊〉 Women so that none of them ought to use or wear ony inordinate and exâ—ensive Apparel but according to their Degrees which Statutes are not observed to the great displeasure of God and impoverishing this Realm c. And again in the twenty second year of the said King in Parliament Regulated and Confirmed with severe Penalties annexed to this Preamble Because that our Sovereign Lord the King hath conceived by a Petition made unto him by the Commons that divers Statutes and Ordinances touching restraint of excessive Apparel c. by their not due executions his said Realm is fallen into great misery and poverty and like to fall into more unless there be better Remedy provided c. Again in the seventh year of Henry the 8th these Laws were corrected and inlarged with more severe Penalties and all the former Acts repealed annexed to this Preamble Forasmuch as the great and costly Array used within this Realm contrary to the good Statutes thereof made hath been the occasion of great impoverishing of the Kings Subjects and provok'd divers of them to Rob and do Extortion and other unlawful deeds to
maintain their 〈◊〉 Arrayes be it therefore Ordained by the Authority of this present Parliament It is true as England increased in Trade and Wealth so the rigour of these Laws slackned not that it was best they should do so but indulged as a more tolerable evil which the Realm was better able to bear yet to this day the middle sort of people in England are much more modest and sparing than those of the same Rank in Ireland Now whether it may not be convenient so far to revive Sumptuary Laws as may give some Restraint to the great Extravagances of this National Consumption that so threatens the Impoverishing of this Kingdom is worth the Governments Consideration And when Ireland arrives to the same state of Trade and Wealth of England then these Enormities will be more tolerable but as the case now stands the same Reason that governed our Ancestors herein ought to bear sway with us But this Extravagancy in Garb is not only thus ruinous and destructive to the Wealth of Ireland but also is accompanied with many other intolerable Inconveniences First The most God-provoking Sin of Pride for which the most dreadful Judgments of God hath laid waste and ruined Nations as Esay 3 c. is manifested by this Immoderateness in Garb. Secondly This Extravagancy of the meaner sort provokes the Nobility and Gentry to that height of Excess herein to the weakning of their Estates that the same Patrimony their Ancestors lived plentifully on kept noble Houses did many good Works and yet increased their Estates without raking their Tennants they cannot live on without running greatly into Debt some of them till Tradesmen will trust them no more and all to keep themselves distinguished from their Inferiours Thirdly It ingenders Emulation or rather Disdain in the minds of those of higher Degree against the meaner sort when they observe they cannot put themselves into any Garbe or Mode but they will be in it nay out do the gravest of them Fuller tells us of Sir John Collthrop a Norfolk Knight in the Reign of Henry the 7. sent to his Taylor at Norwich as much Cloth of the Mode-colour as would make him a Garment which a Shoomaker seeing imployed the Taylor to buy him of the same which so vext the Knight that he caused the Taylor to pink his Garment full of Holes which cured the Shoomaker of his proud Humour he vowed never to be of the Gentlemans Fashion again But let the Knight now change his Fashion once a month the Shoomaker will vie with him if all the Shooes in his Shop will pay for it Fourthly It abates and wears off that due Reverence and Respect Inferiours owe to Superiours for my Gaffer thinks himself as good a man as my Lord when he observes himself as fine and where neither of them are known shall contract as much Observation and Respect Fifthly This unlimited Extravagancy of the meaner sort is the chief cause of our intolerable consumption of Foreign Manufacture for the Nobility and Gentry are not the twentieth part of the number that consume our Foreign Silks and Modes and their Consumption would not be felt by the Nation if the other were restrained and injoyned to wear our own Manufacture it would treble the damage by imploying our own poor and consuming the Growth of the Country which would inrich the Tennant and proportionably raise the Rents and value of Land Sixthly It necessarily raiseth the Wages of all Artists Labourers and Servants for they may better afford to work for two thirds of their wages and live better of it if it were not for the excessive increase of the Charge of their Families by this vanity of living higher and being finer And this increase of Wages is the greatest Tax on the Nation though the receiver is made no richer only sprucer and lazyer Seventhly This spruce Garb of both Sexes especially the Female is the greatest inticement to those filthy Lusts of the Flesh this age wallows in as that Debauching Custom of Healthing is the great provoker to the swinish sin of Drunkenness so this spruceness of Garb and Apparel is the great allurement to those abominable Adulteries so shamelessly practiced amongst us For when the Debauches of a place observe mean mens Wives and Daughters adorned above the Ranks and Estates of their Parents or Husbands they fancy they are designed for Invitations to incourage them to attaque their Chastity and find themselves not always mistaken That it would be seasonable to revive that Law or Custom in use amongst the Hebrews that all persons convict or notoriously fâ—med for Strumpets should wear one sort of Attire which custom made Judah suspect his Daughter in Law Thamor when he saw her in the Attire of an Harlot to be one And in the year 1353. the Parliament of England on the Petition of the Mayor and City of London past an Act that no infamous Woman should wear any Hoods or other Attire upon her Head but stript Cloth of divers colours Stows Survey of London p. 553 We have not only abundant testimony in the Old Testament of these notorious Remarks put upon lend Women in the Jews Common Wealth but the Heathen themselves by Light of Nature provided against the same evil The Romans had their Law Oppia that no Woman of what degree soever might have any Ornaments or Jewels bove half an ounce weight of Gold nor wear any rich or gorgeous Attire c. which Law was made when the Punick Wars were at the height in the Consulship of Fabius about the time Annaball won the Victory at Canne and distressed Rome but about 20 years after in the time of Portius Cato c. the Roman Dames clamour'd against it In the defence thereof Cato made a large and vehement Oration what would they have saith he marry this that they may glister in their Golden Jewels and shine in their purple Robes c. that they may not be stinted in their excessive Expences in dissolute Profusion in costly Varieties and Supefluities c. Many a time saith he ye have heard me complain of the wastful and sumptuous Bravery of Women and as often have you heard me inveigh against the lavish spending of men not only private persons but Magistrates also and how this City of ours is sick of two contrary Diseases to wit pinching Avarice and superfluous Prodigality two Plagues I say that have been the bane and overthrow of all great Monarchs and flourishing Empires c. To conclude saith he my opinion is that at no hand the Law Oppia be repeal'd and so I pray all the Gods to vouchsafe a Blessing on you †Titus Livius p 1686. c. Oh! what miserable Christians are such that are so far from Modesty or Shame that they glory in those enormities moral Heathens were ashamed of that would rather let Common Wealth sink and Posterity be ruin'd than abate their Prodigality and Excess Zalencus the Lawgiver of the Locrians made
this filthy Trade of which sort our Towns and Cities swarm by the neglect of the Parish-Officers who ought to inquire after all Inmates and vagrant persons residing in their Parish and either present them or carry them before a Justice But compute the number of those base born Infants with others left upon the Parish by their Parents ruined by this Sin but 5000. which is two on each Parish and allowing as some compute 2500 Parishes their Charge at 3 l. per annum each amounts to in the whole Kingdom 15000 l. per annum 2. Besides the Charge of these base born Children of vagrant Strumpets that thus run from them multitudes of Families that might otherwise live well and bear Charge in their Parishes are reduc'd to great poverty sometimes by the means of a Whorish Wife who consumes her Husbands Wealth upon her Paramour and oftentimes rob him of all they can get and run away with othe men c. of which we have frequent Complaints but more common of lewd men who besides their loss of time spend all they can get on Strumpets whilst their poor Families are ready to perish whereby our Idlers and Beggars are multiplied to this Nations damage at least 10000 l. per annum For the more wealthy sort of Fornicators and Adulterers provided they pay well where they debauch only obstruct our Trade and waste the Wealth of the Country by accident 1. By their Example if the Captain keep his Madam Miss the Corporal concludes he may keep his Gammer if Mr. Justice be famed for a Wencher Gaffer Constable will not believe it is against the Statute if the Parson seems to scruple nothing but being discovered his Parishioners will conclude it is not inconsistent with the Gospel saith God The Leaders of my people cause them to err and destroy the way of my paths 2. As their Example so their Influence much debaucheth a Country besides those Women of better Rank who entertain them for their pleasure and permit other men to beget Heirs for their Husbands Estates many of meaner estate admit them for their Credit and Profit some will be proud of having persons of superiour Rank to be their Servants and conclude themselves Paragons of Beauty from their Courtship when all is Fish that comes to the Net with them it being notorious that persons under the dominion of this impetuous Lust decline lovely modest Women that are their own Wives and pursue other deformed and ugly Creatures comparatively because nothing lawful is pleasant to them only what is sinful 3. Others for their Profit if their Husbands Frugality or Poverty restrains from supplying them with such Fare or Attire as their Luxury and Pride craves the Bounty of a Gallant wins them to prostrate themselves to their Lusts for a delicious Treat or a fine Garment and when once they have debauch'd them they are at their command and at any mans else that will supply them with the like Gratuities and sometimes these sort of Harlots grow crafty and will inveagle and make their Prey of their Paramours and not always without their Husbands secret consent at least their visible connivance whereby some poor Wittals have become rich Cuckolds from whence is the Proverb Cuckolds Luck is good Luck But notwithstanding all this seems but to transfer Wealth from one hand to another yet it is a mistake where there is one man mended in his Estate by a whorish Wife twenty are wasted for they having accustomed themselves to voluptuousness with their Paramours abroad know not how to conform themselves to their more ordinary viands with their Husbands at home but will be maintained above their estate and so as Solomon saith by the means of a whorish Woman a man is brought to a morsel of bread to the damage of this Nation in its Wealth at least 5000 l. per annum But there are another sort of a superior Rank cannot content themselves with our own Country-women woman but either bring over their Misses from beyond Seas or otherwise catch up such as come hither to seek for Trading and tho the numbers of these are not great yet their Expences are as superior to others as their Quality some 2 some 300 l. per annum I have been informed some have been allowed 400 l. per annum maintaining their Misses in a more costly Garb than their Wives and when these Hackneys find themselves neglected they return with their Gains and tho' there be more than a good sort of these yet I shall estimate the Consumptions of the Nations Wealth but to 2000 l. per annum so that by this one brutish Debauchery in its several Branches is the Wealth of Ireland consumed to the value of 37000 pounds per annum Besides this brutish Vice effeminates and debaseth the masculine Spirit of a Nation and metamorphoses the couragious Lion into the effeminacy of the lascivious Goat which have ended in the ruine of several warlike Kingdoms and victorious Armies Sardanapalus put a period to that Assyrian Monarchy after 1400 years flourishing being so degenerated from the warlike Spirit of his Ancestors his Subjects disdained so many gallant Sons of Mars should be conducted by such a pusillanimous vassal to Venus they besieged him in his Palace at Nineveh and reduc'd him to that extremity he set fire of his House and burnt himself in the midst of his Minions with a vast Treasury estimated by some to 25000 millions of pounds Herberts Travels 235 Thus did Paris ruine Troy and the Tarquins Rome Alexander the Great his World-conquering Army and split his universal Monarchy into shivers after the taking of Babylon So Mahomet the Great after the sacking Constantinople became so effeminate that his Army were ready to mutiny to whose fury he sacrificed his beautiful Irene Turkish History 353. And the like Effeminacy of the Greeks so softned their Spirits the warlike temperate Turk ran them down with little difficulty so great a sense hath several warlike Pagan Nations had of the ruining influence of this effeminating Vice that their Laws have been rather barbarous than severe against it tormenting them by punishments beyond all modesty to repeat but the civilized Romans went so far as to fasten their naked bodies together and so bury them quick The Judicial Law stoned Adulterers to death or burnt them Solon made it lawful for the Athenians to kill an Adulterer taken in the fact The Egyptians punish Adultery in the man by giving a hundred strokes with a Reed and a Woman by cutting off her Nose if with a Woman of Quality the man was gelt or dismembred Zalucus ordained a Law amongst the Locrians Adulterers should lose their eyes after which his own Son being taken in the fact rather than lessen the Punishment lost one of own eyes to save one of his Sons Augustus made the Law Julia by which it were lawful for the person dishonour'd to kill the Adulterer One of Fabius Falutius's younger Sons killed his Mother for
Money current few will give ten per cent for Money when they can have Bank-credit for half that rate which will also necessitate the Usurer either to purchase Land and thereby raise the rate of it or otherwise imploy his Money in the Bank or some other Trade who now preys upon the necessities of all persons those of the best Quality not excluded who cannot on their single Bond or Mortgage of Land raise Money without double Bonds-men and they must be also Citizens with a Warrant of Atturney for Judgment besides the charge of procuration c. and Interest demanded before-hand or half yearly which is the highest Interest upon Interest whereby the best landed and most ingenious persons in the Kingdom are many times distressed and are inslaved to the most griping Usuries which this Bank credit will prevent as also lower the Interest This Bank-Credit will lower Exchange to foreign parts by increasing Traffick and thereby altering the Balance of Trade as is shewn in that Chapter and remove all occasions of Exchange for Money at home for Bank-Bills of 500 l. will not weigh one ounce but be safely conveyed from place to place by Post or otherwise without danger of robbing for the Bank-method of paying their Bills must secure against all counterfeiting or misapplications so that whosoever shall rob or otherwise obtain Bills surreptitiously can make no use of them which method of safety being only the concern of the Bank and not of the Creditors I shall forbear to publish it By this Bank our Manufacturies will be propagated this being the proper means for it and in which we are now defective which will hereby be provided against For when there are Merchants at Dublin as there are at London to buy with ready Money the Manufactures of the Countrey will abound for we neither want Materials nor Artists only Markets which will be the main business of this Bank to contrive and having Shipping and Stock of their own their Interest will prompt them unto it since they can neither traffick into the Levant nor Baltick-Seas the two chief places for the Merchants of Ireland to inlarge their Trade unto without woollen and worsted Manufacture which now when made cannot be disposed The abuses in our woollen and worsted Manufactures by which their value and credit is impaired will be rectified for they will not buy a piece but what is searched and tried by persons of their own appointment and place their own Seales as well as the Makers upon every piece which will bring our Manufacturies into credit in foreign Markets and the like they will do for Leather Butter Tallow Flesh Fish c. the want of which is the ruine of the foreign Trade of Ireland which is now under so ill repute beyond Sea that Irish Goods and Nought are terms convertible Besides in whatsoever they shall observe the Artists of Ireland defective they can easily procure a supply which will also put life into the Ingenious and Industrious when they can have Bank-credit for their Ware at any time which will inable a poor Clothier c. with twenty Pound Stock to do more than now with an hundred Pound not knowing now what to do with Goods when made which will imploy the Poor and by their labour double the value of Lands and fill the Countrey with Money as is shewed in the Chapter of Manufacture By which the Peace and Safety as well as the Wealth of Ireland will be increased for whilst the â—â—â—er sort of people have nothing but a miserable use to lose the Boggs and Rodes will be pestered with â—oâ—tes want increaseth discontent and that puts men upon desperate ways for relief which this Bank will prevent for no man need to have in his House or travel on the Rode with other than small Sums of that debast Money described in the Chapter of Coins and yet have five hundred or a thousand Pounds worth of Bank-Tickets which as was observed would not be worth a Peny to the unlawful Possessor and yet be as good as so much Silver or Gold current in their Houses and much safer than other Specialties which if lost he is in danger of losing his Money but not so in this case his Right appearing in the Bank-Books And as it will prevent Robberies so also discourage Rebellions since the Money passing current is of small intrinsick value to them Besides these Banks are the only means to rescue our Trade out of the Hands of Foreigners and will wear out foreign Stocks by which the greatest part of our foreign Traffick is now driven to the enriching foreign Merchants and beggering of our own Foreigners having Money at low Interest and gaining by their Exchange they are able to undersell us in foreign Parts so that our Merchants choose rather to be their Factors than trade with their own Stocks which is the reason we have so few wealthy Merchants and those we have after they have gained Estates by Trade instead of increasing their Traffick purchase Lands and decline Trade This Bank will also be a means to fill the Kingdom with Shipping to manage the Trade thereof which is at present the great gain of Foreigners which will hereby redound to the benefit of this Kingdom as in the Chapter of Shipping And hereby also we shall be capable of improving our Fishing upon the Irish Coast to the utmost The great advantage of which you may read in the Chapter of Fishing Nor will it be difficult to satisfie persons that this Bank-credit of paying or receiving Money will be as ready and as safe as the ordinary way of paying and receiving Money in Specia since with much case these Bills may be transferred from one person to another and the trouble and labour of telling weighing and judging of the goodness or badness of Coins and danger of miscounting hereby prevented In order whereunto every person that either receives or pays Money in Bank hath his account in the Bank-book and at the desire of the Creditor his Stock in Bank either in part or in whole is transferred to the account of such other persons as himself shall assign As for example A Clothier sells unto a Merchant or Draper an 100 l. worth of Cloth the buyer having Credit in Bank assigns 100 l. to the Seller the Book-keeper makes the Merchant Debtor and gives the Clothier credit for so much again The Clothier being indebted in whole or in part of the said sum to the Woollman the Clothier is made Debtor and the Woollman Creditor The Woollman being a Farmer c. owes the like sum to his Landlord for Rent the Woollman is made Debtor and his Landlord Creditor the Landlord is indebted or hath occasion to buy Goods in Town the Landlord is made Debtor and the said person is Creditor If the persons to whom the Landlord was indebted be Retailers that have occasion to buy Goods of the Merchant that first assigned in Bank the Retailers have Goods and
grows not rich as well as the Country benefited and as the best of Trades may be made bad by too many of the same Faculty in one City so the best expedient for Foreign traffique may be rendred unsuccessful by erecting more Corporations than the commerce of the Country will bear for Traffique like Water runs with the deepest and strongest current when it is by banks reduc'd to a narrower channel and when it begins with Nilus to overflow its banks it is time enough to increase its channels as I shew in the Chapter of the Progress of Trade and from hence it was after London began to gain a further inspection into Foreign traffique they grew so soon weary of the Yeild of the Hance which from the time of our Henr. 3. to Philip and Mary were not only permitted but courted and encouraged in their Commerce with us enjoying great Priviledges and paying small Duties from which time their Customs were enhanced from one to twenty per Cent. the Hance not only complain'd but clamour'd aloud for breach of their ancient Priviledges confirmed unto them by long prescription from thirteen successive Kings of England the which they pretended to have purchased with their Money King Philip undertook to accommodate the business but Qeen Mary dying and he retiring nothing was effected complaints being afterwards made to Queen Elizabeth she answered that as she would not innovate any thing so she would protect them still in the immunities and condition she found them hereupon their Navigation and Traffique was suspended a while which proved very advantagious to the English Merchants for upon this they tryed what they could do themselves herein and their Adventures and Returns proving successful they took the whole Trade into their own hands This so nettled the Hance that they devised all the ways that a discontented people could to draw upon our Staplers the ill opinion of other Nations and States but that proving of too small a force to stop the current of so strong a Trade as they had got footing into though they applied themselves to the Emperor as being a Body incorporated to the Empire and upon complaint obtained Ambassadors to the Queen to mediate the business but they returned still re-insecta hereupon the Queen caused a Proclamation to be published that the Merchants of the Hance should be treated and used as all other Strangers within her Dominions in point of Commerce without any mark of distinction which they so ill resented they quit the Country and so ended the Yeild of the Hance after 200 years flourishing Obj. Is there not a great hazard in this affair to the principle Bankers in the mismanagement of it either for want of skill care or fidelity in its ministerial Officers c. Answ There is no humane affair but is subject to injury a Prince runs some hazard in the choice of his Counsellors and a State in the election of their Senators and since there proceed no Angels from Adam the best of men will be subject to err But this constitution of Corporation-trade is as capable of a solvant rational security as is in the power of man to devise and to that height we never heard nor read it ever failed any Undertakers these 400 years in England or elsewhere but on the contrary as it hath raised many Principalities and States as is before observed from poor and low condition ro great wealth and potency so many particular Families hath it raised from low and mean to worshipful and honourable Ranks for the method of managing this Society gives so clear and full an inspection into its constant state that each of its principle Creditors may inform himself at pleasure by the Comptrollers Books whether its Capital decays or increaseth and what profit or loss the Return of every Ship at the end of her Voyage produceth besides at every Quarter Assembly the Governours c. are to give an account of the whole Transaction since the last Assembly and themselves receive an account every month of the proceed of the Officers and how they observe the Instructions and Institutions of the general Assembly which are always recorded in the Office Then the general Assembly of the original Bankers c. at their annual Meetings have the whole transaction of the year past with its product presented to them fairly ingressed by the Register of which as many of them as desire it may have Copies and at the same Meeting they elect their Governor his Deputy and Counsel of Assistants for the ensuing year and regulate what they find deficient in the last years Transactions and make a new Establishment for the ensuing years Proceed from which the Governor c. must not vary without first summoning a general Assembly and proposing the matter to them at which Assembly the Divident is to be made of the past years Profit which every man may either receive or otherwise have it added to his Capital in Bank and so increase his Stock there So that upon the whole the Stock in Bank is never out of the owners possession nor view but lieth as ready and as visible as his Cash in his own coffer And although the original Bankers cannot withdraw their Stock to the weakening of the grand Capital yet they may assign it to others which the Company will be obliged to accept or otherwise give the same Rate others offer for the Interest so that a Stock in Bank will not be subject to so much hazard as in a Merchants own hands managed by his own Factors or Servants or in a Gentlemans hand managed by his Steward c. in regard few persons are capable of keeping a dayly check upon their private concerns either in respect of capacity or time to perform it Thus having not only proposed the erecting a Corporation who by united Stocks and Councils will propagate and improve the Trade and Wealth of Ireland but also strengthened my Proposition with Examples of all Kingdoms and States flourishing in Trade who have greatly increased their Trade and Wealth thereby and answered such Objections as I conjectured might arise against it I shall only speak of its Method and submit the whole to the consideration of the publick spirited Judicious Object If we were informed at least something of the Method of managing this Bank it might further give satisfaction Answ The Method for managing this Bank c. to be settled by common consent of the original Bankers according to the Rules of the English or Dutch East India Companies or such other Method as they shall agree upon 1. That the Persons to manage this Affair viz. the Governor Deputy and Council of Assistants be annually chosen by the original Bankers who shall be enjoyned to observe such Rules and Methods as shall be given them from time to time â—nd the said Governor and Deputy c. to propose â—nd the general Assembly to approve of their Register Treasurer c. 2. That the Trade
Cocket to the Customer and he to send a Copy of it to the Clerk of the Licenses or otherwise the Bonds be deliver'd to the Mayor of the Staple to be put in suit These Rules being observed I dare undertake to answer for every pound of Wool wrong transported and without some such Expedient the Manufactures of England as well as Ireland will be ruined by the Transportation of Irish Wools to foreign Markets This Company of Staplers being the first Corporation of England for the Regulation of Trade it was dandled and hugg'd by the State as that which contained the spirit and life of all the Traffique of the Kingdom not only to regulate the abuses of Trade but to recover their Trade out of the hands of Foreigners especially the Yeild of the Hance beforementioned who by reason of their great Stock and Credit from so many foreign Cities incorporated with them ingrossed the chief Trade of England particular Merchants being not able to thrive under their shadow which was the reason the Staple was so often removed from Country to Country and City to City still to way-lay and interpose betwixt the Yeild of the Hance and the Trade of England The original or beginning of the Yeild of the Hance I find not but Fitz Stephen a Monk of Canterbury who wrote in the time of King Stephen observes that Merchants of all Nations had their distinct Keys and Wharfs in London the Hance or Dutch had the Still-yards the French for the Wines the Vintry c. William of Malmesbury who wrote in the time of the Conqueror called London a Noble City frequented with the Trade of Merchandizes from all parts of the World Malmesbury cites Clifford declaring the same in Edward the Confessors time 1042. and how long before is uncertain but so long it was that they had ingrossed the chief Trade of England c. and had taken such deep root it cost the State great trouble and the Staple great labour before they could loosen them Edward the first began it at Westminster then removed it to Canterbury in Honour of Thomas Becket then to Bruges in Flanders from thence to the divers places in England and Ireland beforementioned next to Calice in order to strengthen and support that Garrison at which time the King had granted him in Parliament the twenty sixth of his Reign Fifty shillings upon every Sack of Wool transported for six years and at the same time there were yearly transported more than one hundred thousand Sacks of Wool that during the six years the said Grant brought into the Kings Exchequer one Million five hundred thousand pounds sterling In the 37th of Edward the third it was granted to him for two years to take twenty six shillings and eight pence upon every Sack of Wool transported and the same year the Staple notwithstanding the Kings Oath and other great Estates was ordained to be kept at Calice and twenty six Merchants the best and wealthiest of all England to be Farmers there both of the Town and Staple for three years every Merchant to have six Men of Arms and four Archers at the Kings cost he ordained there also two Mayors one for the Town and one for the Staple and he took Mala capta commonly called Mallorth twenty shillings and of the said Merchants Guardians of the Town forty pence upon every Sack of Wool In the 44th of Edward the third Quinborough Kingstone upon Hall and Boston were made Staples of Wool which matter so offended some that in the 50th year of his Reign in a Parliament at London it was complained that the Staple of Wool was so removed from Calice to divers Towns in England contrary to the Statute appointing that Citizens and Merchants should keep it there and that the King might have the Profits and Customs with the Exchange of the Gold and Silver that was there made by all the Merchants in Christendom esteemed to amount to Eight thousand pounds by the year the Excharge only and the Citizens and the Merchants so ordered the matter that the King spent nothing upon Souldiers neither upon Defence of the Town against the Enemies whereas now he spent Eight thousand pounds by the year in the 51th year of Edward the third when the Staple was settled at Calice the Mayor of the Staple did furnish the Captain of the Town upon any Road with one hundred Bill-men and two hundred Archers of Merchants and their Servants without any Wages In the year 1388. the 12th of Richard the second in a Parliament at Cambridge it was ordained that the Staple of Wools should be brought from Middleborough in Zealand to Calice In the 14th of his Reign there was granted forty shillings upon every Sack of Wool and in the 21th was granted fifty shillings upon every Sack transported by Englishmen and three pounds by Strangers c. It seems that all Commodities of the Realm are staple Merchandizes by Law and Charter as Wools Leather Wool Fells Led Tin Cloth c. King Henry the sixth had six Wool-houses within the Staple at Westminster those he granted to the Dean and Canons of St. Stephen at Westminster and confirm'd it the 21. of his Reign Thus much for the Staple have I shortly noted out of Stows Survey of London fol. 496 497. Now by this account of the Staple it is easie to imagine of what a high value it was both to the Kings and Parliaments of England for upwards of 200 years no new Corporations for Trade were constituted and as they increased in Trade it abated of its ancient vigor and splendor after it had worn out all Foreigners and rescued the Clothing Trade from the Dutch that the Wools of England were prohibited the Transportation of which being its chief support But Ireland yet transporting most of its Wools it can lay the Foundation of a Corporation for the Increase of its Foreign Traffique upon no better basis the Statute Staple being yet in force in Ireland it will make their Constitution legal until a Parliament be called and no better Methods and Rules can be contrived than what the Statute Staple institutes CHAP. II. The second Expedient to recover Irelands Decays in its Trade and Wealth is to endavour to convince England that it is the Interest both of King and Realm to promote it 1. THat it is the Interest of England that the English Interest in Ireland should grow and flourish in Trade and Wealth is manifest though it hath been its ruining fate to have it otherwise apprehended by Statesmen of England both in Court and Parliaments which must proceed from taking wrong measures of the English Interest of Ireland especially since the suppression of the last Rebellion For it is with Politick as with Natural Bodies whilst the peccant Humour that seeds the Disease is most predominant the Body must be kept low but so soon as the natural Strength gains the dominion over the Distemper the more ye nourish it the faster
Epistle 3.17 If I be censured for this part of my Discourse by the peevish and censorious of both sides for a Digression from a Subject of promoting Trade and Wealth yet when the more moderate and judicious consider the influence of our Divisions and Jealousies fomented by rigid uncharitable persons of both parties they will vindicate me and allow that the uniting of Interest in point of Religion so far as to beget a mutual confidence in each others Integrity to the common Protestant Cause will tend much to the strengthening the â—ands of our Protestant Governors and also remove Jealousies and beget a satisfaction betwixt Assenters and Dissenters that they will never be dangerous one to another and till this be obtained I see no ground to expect the Protestant Interest of Ireland can ever be potent nor ever flourish in Trade and Wealth for these Reasons 1. The common Enemy to our common Religion and civil Interest will still be hoping the Divisions amongst our selves will at last open a door for them to destroy us all and that expectation deters them from that Industry in Manufactury and Traffick which otherwise for present profit sake they would more vigilantly promote and the more moderate of them joyn Interest with the united Protestants in preserving our common Peace 2. No greater Discouragements can lye in the way of foreign Manufacturers and Merchants coming to settle amongst us than suspicion our Divisions should cause a disturbance of the Peace which the least apprehensive must discern would be an evident ruine to the whole and consequently to themselves if they should settle with us 3. Nothing more disheartens the English from engaging in such Manufacturies and Trade as would fix their Estates on a spot they could not remove from than a sense of danger from our Divisions lest some particular Dissentors or Sect should so misbehave themselves towards the Government as to provoke them to put a general Restraint upon the Liberties of the whole and thereby necessitate them to quit the Country and so lose all their Improvements I might multiply particulars to manifest the Damage our Jealousies and Animosities on the account of our Divisions in Religion threaten and the great Advantages a charitable Union would produce to the security and prosperity of the common English Interest of Ireland But being satisfied all moderate and charitable Christians are of the same opinion I shall submit what I have offer'd to their Judgment and howsoever I am censured for this weak Essay I shall comfort my self in the Integrity of my heart to the common Welfare of the Protestant Interest of Ireland and submit the Blessing to God CHAP. III. The third Expedient to recover the languishing state of Ireland in its Trade and Wealth is to assert Irelands Interest in its own Government THat it is not only the Interest of Ireland but of the Crown and Realm of England that Ireland be governed by its own members or persons peculiarly interested in its prosperity is manifest Although it will be granted to be Irelands great advantage to have not only their Lord Lieutenants but most other Ministers of State sent from England provided they then purchase plant and settle themselves and Families in the Country for no other Expedient will advance the Prosperity and strengthen the English Interest in Ireland like it for if the Noble and Worshipful Families of Ireland would examine the original of their first Ancestors in that Kingdom few would be found that came over on purpose to purchase or plant but rather incouraged to transport themselves for the sake of publick Imploys either Civil or Military but most by the later every new Rebellion called over new Troops and Companies to strengthen the standing Army to suppress it and at the end of every War were garrison'd and quarter'd in those Countreys where the Insurrection was first raised or had been most powerful and in places most convenient to secure the future peace where they obtain'd Grants of forfeited Lands and from thence after some time of settlement of themselves and Familys their Soldiers would marry and take Farms or set up Trades and so erect English Plantations in the most dangerous Irish Countries where none but Souldiers with their Swords in their hands or others under their shelter durst adventure to plant Therefore it was a rational project at the end of the last War in order to promote the English Plantations 1. In the disbanding part of that Army to pitch upon such Troops and Companies as were best acquainted with the Country and most likely to plant their Lots and then to give some of them peculiar advantages by select places for their incouragement whereby many of the reducted Troops and Companies had the advantage of the standing Army who were confin'd to their Lots 2. To contrive the planting of the Country by the standing Army by instructing the Officers to encourage their Souldiers to marry and plant about their Garrisons and Quarters especially if Tradesmen and past their middle age and then once in 2 or 3 years to change their Quarters at a good distance from the place whereupon the married Souldiers that had settled their Familys would petition to be dismist which much increas'd English Plantations who for their incouragement were continued in Muster six months Duty free and whilst Pay is to be had a General shall never want Souldiers and young beardless Lads that have nothing to care for but to keep their Arms sixed and their Knapsacks furnished are the best Souldiers for a Field-Army and so esteemed by all Authors I have read and whilst a Troop or Company retains one half old Souldiers viz. File-leaders Half File-leaders and Bringers up the young Souldiers will do as well as others to fill up Files and after a few months careful Exercise will be as ready for any Service and perform their parts equal with the rest for though Experience and Skill is necessary in Officers yet Courage and Subjection are the more necessary Qualifications in private Souldiers which none like the young stripling who is lately come from under the severer Discipline of Family Government to whom Military Discipline seems easie and these having no Wives nor Children to cry after them c. are the freest from care and consequently the readiest at the Beat of the Drum to march where and whensoever they are commanded The neglect of this was the ruine of the English Interest the last Rebellion the standing Troops and Companies consisting much of the Officers Tenants c. could not be drawn together at short warning without exposing their Families and concerns to the merciless mercy of the Enemy whereas had they been qualified as beforementioned the King might have had a marching Army and the Country a standing Militia consisting of the same Inhabitants march'd from them in the Kings Pay to have stood by them and defended them at least against the small parties of straggling Cut-throats by whom the greatest number of
the naked English were massacred therefore it is the Interest of this Kingdom it should be penal in the Officers of the Army to inlist and muster any of the settled Inhabitants capable of serving in the Militia for thereby the Country is weakned in its Military strength and the King disappointed of a marching Army whereas were all persons thus qualified disbanded and the Officers prohibited listing such without special License from the General you would soon have the Foot Companies filled with young brisk Lads who would throng out of England for Entertainment which would more tend to increase and strengthen the English Interest in Ireland than any other Expedient that can be proposed As it is the Interest of Ireland to give incouragement to English Protestants to come and enjoy Military Imployments and Preferments among them so is it the same for Civil and Ecclesiastical Imployments provided still they settle and abide with us But that which is the Grievance of this Kingdom is that either Military or Civil Imployments should be enjoyed by Nonresidents or otherwise persons who only come over to enjoy the Profit of their Office and so soon as they have received what Benefit it affords to return for England and carry their Gains with them of which sort Ireland has most suffered by English Chief Governours and English Farmers and Commissioners of the Revenue and their Attendants and Dependants coming and returning with them the Damage sustained by this Kingdom in the period of 15 years thereby is computed in the Chapter of Irelands involuntary Charge and Expence And that which I shall further endeavour to demonstrate is that it is not only its damage in respect of the Charge Ireland sustains but many other ways inconvenient and prejudicial 1. For the chief Governour though there might be some reason of State in times past why they should not only be of English Blood but English by Birth and Interest yet the case is altered now and the Act of Parliament in the 10th of Hen. 7th that none but such as were born in the Realm of England should be Constables of the Castles of Dublin Trim Athlone Leistipe Carlingford Wicklow c. had no respect to the civil politick Government but the Execution of penal Laws upon Offenders those Castles being made use of as Prisons to secure dangerous persons in which is declared in the body of the Statute viz. Which Castles have been negligently kept and such as have been committed to the Constables or Keepers of them for Treason Felony c. suffered to escape wilfully to the great prejudice of our Soveraign Lord and of all the said Land therefore be it ordained and enacted c. so that other Act 23d of Hen. 8th to regulate the Election of the chief Governour by the Council on the death of the Lord Lieutenant c. until the Kings pleasure was known did not respect preferring English by Birth before English by Blood but to secure the Sword from unfit Hands who by their powerful Interest might awe their own Election and be mischievous before the King could declare his pleasure as appears by the said Act * Irish Stat. fol. 214 215. as followeth The said Counsellours have full Power and Authority by vertue of this Act to elect and chuse one such person as shall be an Englishman and born within the Realm of England being no spiritual person to be Iustice and Governor of this Realm of Ireland during the Kings Highness Pleasure if there shall be at that time any such person within this Realm c. if not then to elect and chuse two persons of the said Council of English Blood and Sirname being no spiritual person c. which I cite to refute that vulgar Error that the Lord Lieutenant c. must be born in England because otherwise he is not capable of governing in the Castle of Dublin whereas the Office of Constable is a distinct inferior thing from the Governor of the Castle but whatever reason of State former times might have the case is otherwise now for as it is shewn in the Chapter of Englands Interest in Irelands Prosperity the state of the English Interest in Ireland is changed from a weak infirm state that needed Physick to a strong healthful state that only requires Food the Propriety of Lands the Plantation of Cities and strong Towns inhabited and governed by English the Countries so planted with English as all our High Sheriffs Justices of the Peace c. all English and the English Laws are duely and equally in all parts executed by English Judges and Officers c. 〈◊〉 â—jâ—rity of both Houses of Parliament Engl◠〈…〉 was never the case of Ireland â—â—fore that 〈◊〉 â—ow needs nothing but diligent 〈…〉 câ—â—roborate and improve its advantag◠〈◊〉 which none but such who are acquainted with 〈…〉 and Constitution and thoroughly 〈…〉 prosperity are capable of 〈…〉 1. Being unâ—â—quâ—iâ—â—â—â— with intelligent persons of the several Parties they 〈◊〉 understand the various and different â—â—â—nouâ— and Interests of the people indeed if the Inhabitants were all Irish Papists or all English Protestants or were these two grand parties of entire Interest among themselves their work were more easie but as they have each their grand Interest and bond of Friendship the Papists the Interest of their Church by whose aid and countenance they expect their Succour and the Protestants the Interest of their Prince by whose Authority and Favour they enjoy all they possess yet they have each amongst themselves their different and peculiar Interests both Religigious and Civil as I shall after shew And a Chief Governour unacquainted with persons and things will find it difficult work to carry himself to the equal satisfaction of all parties with Security to the Government and Incouragement of Trade c. 2. The short continuance sometimes two sometimes three years rarely four we had three in less than eight years viz. from the Lord Roberts entring September 18th 1669. to the Earl of Essex's surrender August 24th 1677. so that by that time they understand their Work they are called from it saith Borlacy The vicisitude of Governours hath been observed by some to be exceeding prejudicial to the publick private Respects often introducing notable things in the State according to their Interests who governed not the publicks diversi Imperatoribus mores diversa fuêre studia sometimes to the degenerating of the old English into the Irish customs through their negligence and indulgence other times to the alienating the Irish by their severity from the benefit of a well tempered and orderly Government both equally destructive to the Prince And yet too long a Residence in so eminent a Place may over-heat a great Spirit if not bounded with excellent Principles Whence the Romans those great Masters of Government rarely admitted their Vicegerents to brood on a Province that their Continuance there might not increase Self-interest The longest time any continued in this Government how
from thence to Dublin to whom all the petty Kings and great Lords of Ireland submit and swear Fealty the King returns for England and leaves Hugh Lacy Lord Justice to interest him gave him Meath in Fee Irish English Henry the Second  Anno 1172. Hugh de Lacy Lord Justice Spell 331. Orourk Prince of Meath c. rebels Lacy in great danger rescued by Maurice Fitz Gerald vvho killed Orourk Hanm. 139.  1173. Earl Strongbow L. Warden of Ireland By right of his Wife Prince of Leinster found all in confusion but with the aid of Raymond le Grossreduceth them to subjection Hanm. p. 140. 1175. Strongbow dies Camp 64. Donald Prince of Leinster rebels all in confusion Camp 65  1177. Raymond Le Gross L. Protector Brother in Law to Strongbow subdues Donald and relieves the Citie of Dublin  1177. Fitz Andelm L.J. Courcey Fitz Stephen and Miles de Cogan his Counsellors Han. p. 157. The Ancestors of the Bourks now Earl of Clanricard Cambrensis chap. 17. Courcey subdued Vlster the Kingdom of Cork setled on Fitz Stephens and Cogan in Fee Fitz Stephens the Ancestor of the Barrysof Cork  1179. Hugh Lacy and Robert le Power L.J. Power the Ancestor of the Powers of Waterford  1181. Hugh de Lacy Governor Hollinshead O Connor King of Connaght rebels with 2000 men Lacy subdues him and marries his Daughter after s lain by a Scologh in Meath Hook p. 60. 1181. John Constable of Cheshire and Richard de Peck Justices Hovend p. 685.  1184. Philip de Brees Governor 1185. Earl John the Kings Son made King of Ireland and sent Governor Hovend 1187. This young Prince with his Counsellors ran all into confusion Young Arms make good Souldiers but young Heads ill Couns ellors Witness Rehoboam c.  1185. John de Courcey Earl of Ulster Gov. Chose by the King to be his Champion against a Frenchman who quitted the Stage and run being frighted by the grim looks and great limbs of Courcey Hanmer p. 181.  Richard the First  1189. Hugh de Lacy the younger L.J.  1190. Dublin burnt to ashes Hanm. 179.  1191 William Marshall and William Pettit Just Marshall by right of his Wife Strongbows Daughter Prince of Leinster who built the Castle of Kilkenny and gave the Town a Charter Hanm. 183.   1197. Hamo de Valis L.J. King John  1199. Myler Fitz Henry the Kings Son Governor Han. p. 183.  1210. K. John in person Composed all Differences settled Affairs and returned Camp 75.   1210. John Gray Bishop of Norwich L.J. He reformed the Irish Coin to the Standard of England 1213. Henry Laundres Arch-Bp of Dublin L.J. Built the Castle of Dublin  Henry the Third  1214. St. Patricks Church founded by Comin Arch-Bp of Dublin Camp p. 76. 6000 Scots under Bruce invade Ireland  1215. Geoffery Marisco Keeper of Ireland with Sir Edmond Butler L.J. Connaghtup in Arms Fitz Gerald built the Castle of Sligo  1219. Bishop Laundres and Maurice Fitz Gerald L.J. Han. p. 189.  1220. Meath in Arms the Castle of Trym builded the Irish generally rebel 11000 slain in Connaght by the Bourks and Berminghams Bruce routed near Dundalk Bermingham for his good Service created Earl of Louth Baron of Ardee and Athenrie  1227. Rich. de Burgo L.J.  1230. The Provost of Dublin made Mayor  1232. Maurice Fitz Gerald L.J.  1233. Richard Marshall Brother to William L.J. Slain in Battel near Kildare  1245 Sir Jo. Fitz Geoffery L.J.  1247. Theobald Butler Lord of Carick and Joh. Cogan L.J.   1255. Allen de la Zouch L.J. O Neils of Vlster and Mac Cartys of Munster rebel 1259. Stephen de Long Espee L.J.   1260. William Dean L.J.  1261. Rich. de Rupella L.J.  1266. A great Earthquake Hook p. 62. 1267. Sir David de Barry L.J. Who subdued the Mac Cartys   1268. Sir Robert de Ufford L.J. A great Dearth Mortality  1269. Ricardus de Exonia L.J. 1270. Sir James Audley Constable of Ulster L.J.  1272. Maur. Fitz Maurice L.J.  1273. Geoffery Lord Genevil L.J. Lord of Meath by right of his Wife  1276. Sir R. de Ufford the second time L.J.  1279. Bish of Waterf L. J  1280. Dublin burnt Strongbows Tomb spoiled by the fall of Christ-Church when on fire Camp p. 78. Meath rebels  1282. Stephen de Fulborn L.J.  1288. Arch-Bp of Dublin L.J.  1290. Will. Vesey L.J. Who to interest him in the prosperity of Ireland had given him the Manner Lords hip of Rahangan c. in the County of Kildare but engaging himself against John Fitz Gerald Baron of Ophaly lost himself and the Baron sent back first Earl of Kildare and Veseys Estate conferred on him  1307. Knights Templers for their Debauchery dissolved Knights of the Road constituted Camp p. 80. Connaght in Arms.  1308. Lord Bourk L.J. The Ancestor of the House of Castle Connel and Leitrim  1309. Lucan Bridge built  1312. Sir Edmond le Butler Deputy He unites the Earls of Vlster and the Geraldines who caused great troubles and subdu'd the Rebels of Connaght Camp 82.  1314. Lord de Verdon L.J. Had a great Estate in Meath in right of his Wife Hook 62.  1314. Sir Edmond le Butler Earl of Carrick L.J. Subdued the Irish at Castle-Dermot ..  1317. Roger Mortimer L.J. but the Lord Bermingham General Bruce invades Ireland Vlster joins with him overrun the Kingdom soon after subdued  1318. Will. Fitz John L.J.  1320. Earl of Kildare L.J. He built Loghlin Bridge the Pope granted the priviledge of an University to Dublin  1321. Lord of Athenry L.J. Slain with others by Mac Gohagon   1322. Ralph de Gorges L.J. 1323. Sir Jo. Darcy L.J. The Irish universally rebel vanquished by JamesEarl of Ormond Bermingham hanged Camp 88.  1327. Earl of Kildare L.J.  1328. Prior of Kilmainham L.J. In his time the Geraldines Butlers Bermingham at variance with the Powers and Bourks a Parliament s ummoned to accord them  1329. Sir John Darcy a second time L.J. Irish of Leinster in Rebellion Camp 87.  1330. Prior of Kilmainham L.J.  1331. Sir Anthony Lacy L.J. A great slaughter by the English of the O Conners c. in Leinster Marleborough 210.  1332. Sir John Darcy a third time L.J. Great slaughter on the Obrians Mac Cartys in Munster Marl. p. 211.  1333. Thom. de Burgh L.J.  1336. On St. Lawrence day ten thousand Irish slain in Connaght Marlb p. 212.   1337. Sir John Charleton L.J. The Irish generally rebel are quell'd by the Earl of Kildare and Desmond Camp 88. 1340. Prior of Kilmainham L.J.   1341. Sir John Maurice L.J. 1344. Sir Ralph Ussord Husband to the Countess of Ulster L.J. Desmonds first discontents Vssord died unlamented by his ill
1544. the 35 th of his Reign proclaimed Gold to 48. and Silver at 48. the Ounce in value and at the same time coyn base Mony to wit pieces of 1 s. 6 d. 4 d. 2 d. 1 d. and continue currant at that rate until the 5. of Edward the 6. when they were brought down the Shilling to 9 pence the Groat to 3 d. c. and so continued until the 2. of Elizabeth and although the Queen was exceeding curious in the affairs of her Mint and tender of her Honour therein yet was convinc'd by her Council there was a necessity of debasing her Mony for Ireland the Irish War against Tyrone that cost her 160000 l. per ann would drain England dry of Coyn the Arguments Buckhurst Lord Treasurer c. used were 1. It would abate the Charge of the War a fourth part when her Shilling currant in Ireland was not worth above 9 pence 2. It would much weaken the Hands of the Rebels who drew most of the good Mony into their power for Provisions c. and made use of it to supply themselves with Arms and Ammunition c. from Foreigners which a course Coyn would prevent 3. It would discourage Foreigners from aiding them when they considered they must receive their Pay in bad Mony c. Upon which consideration the Mony she after sent was debased in iâ— Allay a fourth part Brass the Irish shilling currant being but nine pence intrinsique value Errata per contra Pag. in line 4. for 36 s. 9 d. read 3 s. 9 d. in line 6. for Silver at 48 s. the Ounce r. Silver at 4 s. the Ounce And it is notorious that France Holland and most part of the Hance Towns in Germany as they have had as good Mony as the world affords so they have as bad which stands them in great stead as to their petty Commerce that the Tradesmen oft times give Exchange to have the Rix-Dollar turned into base Mony of currant value though not the sixth part of the intrinsique so that although Monsieur Bodin and others of his opinion deserve the esteem of knowing and judicious persons yet I judge the contrary Practice of all Princes and States we have any account of may ballance them that such may be the state of a Common-wealth that debasing and enhancing Coyn may be not only expedient but necessary 1. In case of War as before 2. If other Neighbour Princes inhance or debase their Coyn as in the Examples mentioned 3. In case of Scarcity and thereby increase of the rate or value of Bulloin for if England had not enhanced their Coyn as Bulloin rose from 26 in Edward the thirds time to 60 pence in Queen Elizabeths it is not reasonable to believe England would have had a Silver spoon or a six pence left and if Bulloin should yet increase in value to six or seven shillings per Ounce if we enhance not our Coyn proportionably it is not rational to believe we shall have a penny left 4. In ease of the wrong Ballance of Trade there is a necessity to do something to alter it or the Kingdom 's drained of its Coyn for so much as we buy more than we sell must be paid for in Mony as is shewn in that Chapter and there is but two ways to reform the Ballance of Trade which is either to increase the Quantity and improve the Quality of our natural Growth or restrain Consumption of Foreign Goods the first is a work of time and the latter difficult to effect and the most rational Expedient to stem the Tide till it turn is to make our Mony a worse and our Commodity a better Commodity for Transportation for the Merchant only considers what is most gainful and whilst our Coyn is the best Commodity to export he will not meddle with our Goods but if Gold and Silver were the best Commodity to import and the worst to export there would need no other Law but the Common Law of Interest to preserve and increase Coyn. And although it might be more convenient for me to keep to generals and leave Expedients to those more concerned and capable to reform yet considering I may be misunderstood I judge it necessary to explain my self more particular in this case there being extreams on both hands for the having of no good Mony in the Body politick would be as dangerous as no good Blood in the Body natural First I would propose that all our good Mony either English or foreign Coyn that is near the intrinsique value it goes for viz. Gold of two in twenty four and Silver of one in twelve Allay may inhance five per Cent. above its current rate in the Countries where we Trade which cannot fall heavy upon any but future Cofferers and I think Five per Cent. is too low a Fine upon them and its increase of value would bring out all Mony now coffered Secondly that all our course Mony may be altered in its specie and coyned in Shillings Six pences and Threepences to its present intrinsique value viz. the first rate in Shillings the second in Six pences and the worst into Threepences whereby all persons will have their own at the same current and intrinsique value they delivered it into the Mint and the Mint deducting the Charge of Coyning which is so inconsiderable the Mony will be little the worse and yet the Interest of all persons secured Thirdly A certain Sum as the Government may judge convenient of very course Mony about the Allay of the Dutch double Stiver be coyned in Twopence and Penny pieces Fourthly That the like proportionable Sum be coyned of Copper or rather Tin compounded with Copper it being our own Material in Halfpence and Farthings these three last sorts of Mony we shall be sure to keep which of themselves will be sufficient to manage our Home-trade if our best Mony should be drained from us and if our native Growth and Manufactures will not furnish us with foreign Commodities sufficient for our necessary Consumption we are better without them If we had fewer Silk-Shops and Taverns it would be no great Grievance whilst we want not Drapers and Mercers Shops and Ale-houses c. and no Country in the world less depends upon Foreign supply than Ireland for Necessaries and it is improvident to consume our selves in Superfluities THE SUPPLEMENT Objection IF the Government of Ireland by its own Members be of so great advantage as you affirm Part 2. Chap. 3. to the Trade and Wealth of that Kingdom whence was it the Trade c. were no more promoted under the Justices 1661 1662 and why did not the Duke of Ormond in his seven years Government no more improve the Trade and Wealth of Ireland Answer 1. Though the then Justices were members of Irelands Common-wealth and consequently interested in its common Good yet the various Interests of Ireland being undetermined all they could do was to keep all quiet by keeping each
in the common Bottom out of his Love to the common Eaglish Interest of Ireland and was also nominated when the Act was perfected to come over as Lord Lieutenant to see it executed they then began to take heart and inclined to see the issue of his Government before they would further unsettle themselves consideâ—ing that if his Humour were moderte towards them he had an Interest and Spirit big enough to strengthen his own Resolutions and not 〈◊〉 be diverted from the practice of his own Reason for fear or savour of any of the Parties which was not the case under the present Justices which soon after his arrival they found made good beyond their expectations having equal access with others into his presence and that with good acceptance and also finding they could have equal Justice at the Court of Claims and other the Kings Courts with other the Kings Subjects they gave over their thoughts of removing and disposed themselves to industry in the Country or Cities as their Estates and Educations capacitated them Now it is not to be expressed what sudden alterations this made in the Humour and Deportment of the persons of several Interests one towards another this equal Countenance and Justice of the chief Governour begat an equal Familiarity betwixt the people of different parties and so deep a resentment had the principal persons of that party before most dejected they agreed as many of the Field Officers as were in Dublin to make a solemne return of Thanks to the Duke and withal a Tender of their Service to his Son the Earl of Ossory then Lieutenant General of the Army that they were ready with their Lives and Estates when his Majesties Affairs required to engage themselves against the Kings Enemies under his Conduct which was courteously accepted by the Earl who with many affectionate Expressions in his sweet obliging way assured them when the Kings Affairs required he should highly esteem their Company and Assistance From which time that party esteemed it their duty to study how to approve themselves not only loyal Subjects to their King but grateful Servants to his Vice-Roy Thus all Interest being determined by the Act of Settlement and thereby all Humours composed each party and every person bent their minds and industry to defend their Titles to what the said Act gave them a pretence unto in the Court of Claims where such a brisk Trade was driven in purchasing and prosecuting Titles to Land no other Trade or Manufactures were thought on the bulk of the Cash of the Kingdom being swallowed up in that gulph Yet in that time the Duke considering Land in Ireland would little differ from Land in America without Inhabitants to plant and improve it was very inquisitive after the Intrigue of Trade and Manufacture if he met with any persons that he apprehended were acquainted with those Affairs and in May 1664. gave a Commission to a Council of Trade with full and large Instructions for them to govern their Proceedings by which are printed in my Preface and most persons of Quality having by that time gained possession of great scopes of Land in several of their Lots they found old ruined Towns and discerning no other way to get them planted greweager of Manufactures to whom the Lord Lieutenant gave all possible incouragement that within a few years after we 〈◊〉 erected by private persons on their own accounts many considerable Manufactures â—he Leinster Alderman Daniel Hutchenson at â—â—by Earl of Arran at Tullagh Lord Chancellor Eustace at Baltinglass Esquire Parsons at the Byrr the publick Manufacture of Chappelizod on the Kings account besides several other lesser Attempts In Munster the Earl of Orrery at Charlevil several Dutch Merchants in Limerick and Clare Baron Hartstongue at the Bruff Besides very considerable addition of Cloth Bays Stuffs and Stockins at Cork and Bandon c. In Connaght the Lord Kingston at Abby Boyle Sir James Cuff at Some time after the Duke on his particular account attempted a Manufacture at Callen and also gave great incouragement to some Undertakers to erect the most considerable Manufacture Ireland ever saw for Cloth and Stuffs at Clonmell which for some years imployed many hundreds of people and made as good Cloth and Stuffs as England could produce In Ulster the Lord Dungannon at Dundalk but the Scotch and Irish in that Province addicting themselves to spinning of Linnen Yarn attained to vast quantities of that Commodity which they transported to their great profit the conveniency of which drew thither multitudes of Linnen Weavers that my opinion is there is not a greater quantity of Linnen product in the like circuâ— in Europe and although the generality of theiâ— Cloth fourteen years since was sleisie and thin yet of late it is much improved to a good fineness and strength and will in all probability increase daily both in quantity and quality but all the other Manufactures mentioned after the Dukes removal from the Government dwindled away to nothing except two or three that like sick folk are ready to expire the Causes of which and Remedies I shall shew at large in my Discourse of Manufacture supposing this account of the state of Affairs all the time of the Dukes first Government is a sufficient Answer to the Objection and corroborates my Assertion that it is the Interest of Ireland to be governed by persons peculiarly interested in its prosperity An Answer to the Objection pag. 93. IT is objected in pag. 93. of the 2d Part if the bloody Massacre in 1641 c. proceeded not from any depravity from Principles of Humanity nor from any spirit of revenge or personal hatred against the Protestants but only from their bloody Tenents in matters of Religion as you affirm it were necessary to instance what Points of their Religion they are that render them so dangerous they professing themselves Christians c. Answer As I there hint it is not the Religion of the Church of Rome viz. what relates to Faith and Worship but the Policies of the Court of Rome that renders them so incompatible with civil Order and humane Society multitudes of Christians live safely amongst Turks and Pagans in Asia Africa and America without danger of Massacres or Assassinations on the account of Religion though they have no Law of true Religion to influence them yet the Law of Humanity is not wholly obliterated they know what it is to do as they would be done by as Gage and other Historians of the Spanish West Indians inform us those miserable Pagans will ask what place the Spaniard goes to after death vehemently declaring they will not worship that God whose Servants are so cruel lest they should be as barbarously used by them in the other world And as their inhumane bloody cruelty is condemned by the Law of Nature so much more by all moral and divine Laws Therefore what I shall insist on shall be such Tenents as are not only against all Christian but Moral
with that strength by Wickliffs Books c. dispersed in Germany Bohemiah France Piedmont c. the Popelings observ'd it to be past the Cure of preaching Fryars whereupon Paul the third discern'd it necessary to raise a more warlike Regiment and instituted these Knights of the Virgin Mary as the Jesuits first stiled themselves Ross Stillingf p. 306. You have an exact account of their Original and Progress by that eminent Protestant Divine Dr. Stillingfleet in his Fanaticism of the Church of Rome pag. 301. to p. 320. and by Grimstone in his States and Empires fol. 1213. to which I shall refer you And if you neither laugh at the Ridicule nor weep at the Ignorance and Stupidity of that age you must be of a steddy temper But to give you an account of the bloody Wars barbarous Massacres and treacherous Assassinations since Anno Dom. 1545. the Council of Trent confirmed their Order and their Hetrodox Articles of Faith would be to copy Volumes of their own and our Authors but you may read some brief hints in Sect. 5. SECT III. Shews the Authority whereby they were confirmed EXcepting the Popes whose vowed slaves they are the Council of Trent is the only Council that approved and confirmed their Institutions therefore it is worth observing the Qualifications of that Assembly saith Dr. Stillingfleet pag. 106. so contrived as not to condemn the grossest Error The occasion of the Council was to suppress Luthers Doctrine in the designe of the Conclave at Rome but press'd by the Emperor c. to reform things amiss too and restrain the Imperiousness of the Pope and his Conclave Hist Coun. of Trent fol. 17. the Policy of Rome thought it not prudent to deny the calling it least it should be imposed nor safe at present to admit it least it should impose on them fol. 37. Christendom groaning under their unsupportable Exactions and Tyranny which Germany presented in an hundred Grievances fol. 37. Therefore the only expedient was to delay it and to that end raised many scruples about the Authority of their Summons fol. 54. the Qualifications of their Members place of Sitting c. fol. 233. fol. 25 57. by which means they drill'd out twenty years the Lives of six Popes before the first Session 1542. saith Grimstone then transferred to Bolonia after back to Trent fol. 465. And after that what time they spent in Preambles c. vide Council of Trent p. 139 c. 1. About the Title some of the Bishops were for stiling it the most holy Council representing the Church universal others opposed it the Italians vehemently Hist Council of Trent p. 138. So betwixt the Bishops and the Regulars about Priviledges p. 151. between the Dominicans and Franciscans in several points betwixt the Italian Bishops and others about Residence and the extent of Episcopal Power but the Legates informing the Pope of these Controversies he sent them these Orders Not to broach any new Difficulties in matter of Faith nor to determine any of the Points controverted among Catholicks and to proceed slowly in the Reformation but vigorously against the Hereticks vide Sleidens 12th Book But with what vehemency their proceedings were opposed by most Princes vide Field p. 107 c. by the French King Sleiden lib. 22. so Charles the fiâ—â—h by his Ambassador Mendoza disclaimed against the Popes Power in calling Synods to reâ— thâ— Church besides all the Members of 〈◊〉 Council were enjoyned to take this Oath against their Freedom and Liberty I will defend 〈◊〉 â—â—â—pacy against all men so help me God c. 〈…〉 no 〈◊〉 durst offer his Reasons or obâ—â—â—â—â—â—â—â—â—â—st what the Popes Creatures proposed 〈◊〉 presently expelled the Council Sleiden 〈…〉 Craken p. 158. Yet for all this Carâ—â—â— â—antarâ— c. urged for the true Doctrine 〈◊〉 jâ—â—â—â—fication the Spanish and German Bishops â—â—â—â—ve to reducâ— the Popes boundless Authority tâ— oppâ—se whâ—m he encreased the number of Bishops many of whom only titular and of a sudden created thirteen new Cardinals sent his frequent Instructions to direct and lead the Council that it became a Proverb The Holy Ghost travelled from Rome to Trent in a Packet Such as they could not expel as Cardinal Cantaren c. they cut off by Poyson and whilst they were thus amusing the world with an expected Reformation the Pope raiseth an Army invades Germany to impose the Tridentine Faith This is the Council of Trent called by the usurped Power of the Pope guided by Fraud and Subtilty awed by illegal Expulsions and treacherous Poysonings ending in bloody Wars from whence proceeded all their new Articles of Faith But with what Dissatisfaction not only to the Emperor and French King but most other Princes except the Popes Vassals the Italians these things were received you may read by their respective Letters printed at the end of the History of the Council of Trent fol. 782. to fol. 823. and then judge whether these Principles were not imposed on their pretended Catholick as well as on Protestant Princes But the History of this Council being writ by an Author so generally applauded amongst the Romanists that it became a proverb Father Paul is so blameless and pure that his very Pantables were canonized vide his Life fol. 43. but being voluminous I shall refer the Reader to Bishop Bramhall's Vindic. p. 351. to 355. where he demonstrates that Council to be neither general free nor lawful and yet this is the best Authority the Jesuits and their Principles are confirmed by and by which they are grown so presumptuous as to excommunicate all the Christians in the world for damned Hereticks that disown the Pope though they cannot be ignorant that their Principles and communion are rejected by far the greater number of Christians in the world v. Paget p. 1. to p. 33. where you may also read their Harmony both in Doctrine and Worship with Protestants of Europe and how vehemently they explode the Usurpations Heresies and Idolatries of the Roman Church fol. 59. to fol. 109. in so much that the Patriarch of Constantinople c. excommunicates the Pope and his Clergy once a year Therefore Rome cannot be the Mother Church nor the Mistress of other Churches being the fewest in number and last in being Jerusalem Antioch Constantinople and Alexandria nay England were in the Faith before her if we may believe the most authentick of Authors as Bishop Jewell Dr. Fulk Willet Paget vid. fol. 146. Bishop Bramhall Taylor Stillingfleet Ursinus c. indeed she was first in Apostacy in that she deserves the Primacy in departing from the Faith and holy Life of the Apostles and primitive Churches as is manifest from their own Authors that writ from Boniface 3. the first debauch'd grand Apostate to Leo the tenth who obtained a Confirmation from the Council of Trent of their Errors and Usurpations Saith Erasmus on the thirteenth Chapter of the Revelations When the Roman Kingdom after the time of Julianus
was divided into East and West then began a new Roman Jurisdiction namely the Popes Pomp the Kingdom of the Papists took upon it all the Power of the first Beasts the Roman Emperor and compelled the Christians to Idolatry and Service of false Gods under pretence of honouring Christ and Saints Again on ch 17. he doth affirm that the Women prophesied of to be the Mother of Whoredoms and Abominations of the earth drunk with the Blood of Saints c. to be Christian Rome Again on chap. 18. Sect. 3. With this Babylon have Princes and Prelates and whole Kingdoms committed Whoredoms and Abominanations So Hollcot pag. 18. complaining of the Priests and Prelates of Rome in his time saith They be like the Priests of Baal they resemble the Priests of Dagon they are the Priests of Priapus and Angels of Hell So Aventine lib. 6. I am ashamed to say what manner of Bishops we have with the Revenue of the Church they feed Horses Hounds I need not say Whores So Mantuan lib. 3. Their Wickedness is in every mans mouth Cities and Countries talk of it the bruite thereof hath quenched all care of Vertue So their Bishop Cornelius Epist 3. With what monsters of Filthiness with what channel of Uncleanness with what pestiferous Contagion are both Priests and People defiled c. So their Palingenus lib. 5. warns the people Let no Fryar Monk or any other Priest come within thy doors take heed of them they are the dregs of men the fountain of folly the sinks of sin Wolves under Lambs skins c. under the shadow of Religion hide a thousand unlawful acts Committers of Rapes abusers of Boys spending night and day either openly with Whores or secretly with Boys O shameful saith he can the Church endure such Hogs Saith Plantina Vita Marcellini What shall we think will become of this our age wherein our Vices are grown to that height that they have scarce lest a place with God for Mercy how great is the Leachery of all sorts amongst the Priests and the chief Rulers vid. His Life of the Popes Saith Mantu lib. 3. They are hateful to Heaven and loathsome with unclean Lusts c. they rather kindle and provoke God by their Services than appease him never hope for help so long as such pray for you Saith Hierome Whilst I staid at Babylon and was an inhabitant of that purple Whore the Senate of Pharisees made an uproar and the whole Faction conspired against me if you would see the barbarous cruelty of one Pope towards another plucking out of Eyes famishing in loathsom Prisons cutting off Tongues Hands Fingers Noses Stones c. vide Paget fol. 112. Saith St. Augustin on Psalm 44. They have made us the Citizens of Babylon we left him that made us and worship what we make our selves Saith St. Ambrose Apocalips lib. 6. Rome is become a second Babylon Saith Chrysostom Hom. 36. 1 Cor. The Church at this day is like unto a Woman that hath quite lost her Modesty Saith Vincent Religious Orders are become unto mens Souls the way of perdition Saith Card. Beno They are led by the Spirit of Error and Doctrine of Devils Beno de Vita Hildeb Saith Matth. Paris in Hen. 2. Whence Christians were wont to fetch the Waters of Righteousness there they find a poysoned puddle Abbot Joachim on Jeremiah chap. 1 and 2. proves the Romish Church to be the Whore of Babylon mentioned Rev. 17. They have chosen Antichrist for Christ the Devil for God and Hell for Heaven Nay certain of their own Prophetesses as Saint Bridget lib. 4. cap. 133. and St. Hildegrard the Nun in her 2d Book c. declaim vehemently against the Vices as abominable and their State as antichristian So their Bishop Cornelius in his Oration to the Council of Trent Would to God they were not fallen with one consent from Faith to Infidelity from Christ to Antichrist Saith Platina on John 10. The Popes are clean departed from Peters steps vid. Paget fol. 171 c. Saith Cataldus in his Prediction of Rome Thou unhappy Babylon the damned pit of Priests It would be endless to give you the Testimony of their own Fathers Bishops Fryars Nuns c. of Romes dreadful Apostacy from Christ to Antichrist and from Truth to Error from Boniface 3. anno 602. to Leo 10. 1520. the Council of Trent was proposed and from Leo 10. to Paul 3. the Council was opened Hist Counc Trent 97. all which 20 years time were spent in bloody Wars betwixt the Emperor and the Popes the Emperors and Francis the first of France c. vide the Life and Reign of Charles the fifth where you will find the Pope changed sides theree or four times as his advantage lay to weaken them and strengthen himself though contrary to several Oaths and Leagues agreed on But did they themselves escape no Rome was several times taken and sack'd the Pope besieged in the Bastile glad to compound on base conditions though he kept them not which Confusions made bloody work all Italy over that by their continued bloody Wars the Pope had so wearied the Emperor and Princes in strugling with him that Charles the fifth resigned the Empire and retired to a Monastry and all others let him do what pleased him and did themselves what he plesaed to be quiet and then the Council of Trent past their impious Canons though not without much contradiction Thus you see by whom approved next consider by whom rejected and banished How far their seditions bloody Principles have been exploded and detested by learned Romanists you may observe Sect. 1. p. 204. to 208. which I there inserted to this end that you may observe all Papists are not Jesuited Papists it was evident in the last Irish Rebellion a considerable number of the Irish Nobility and Gentry not only disapproved but violently opposed the Nuntio's party who copied out the Jesuits Principles and Practices as you may read in Borlacy's History of the Irish Wars in 1649 6150 c. and in this last Irish Plot I have heard several of good Rank of their party vehemently declare their abhorrency of it but divers of their Clergy have been Discoverers and Witnesses against their Primate Plunket c. which nothing could move them to but Duty some of them being in a plentiful condition and titular Dignitaries in their Church are thereby reduced to great wants even to extremity the more is the pity And as their Principles have been detested so their Practices have been resisted and their persons banished all Popish Realms and States as fast as they discerned their destructive consequences as in these following Instances may appear 1. The State of Venice did not only banish but violently thrust them out of the Country never to return and made it capital for any man the Duke himself to move for their Restoration you may read the Story at large in Howels Survey of the Republick of Venice fol. 161. to 167.