accused of having favoured the Lutherans and had much adoe to justifie himself and to get off A fourth interview betwixt the Pope and the Emperour After the conclusion of the Diet the Emperour went to Italy and had an interview with the Pope in the City of Luca where the matter they chiefly treated of was the holding of a Council The Pope had heretofore called one at Vicenza but he was forced to suspend the Convocation first till Easter in the year 1539. and afterwards by a Bull of the 13th of June the same year the suspension was prolonged untill it should please the Pope to take it off In the Conference of Luca the Pope and the Emperour remained stedfast in their resolution of holding the Council at Vicenza but the Venetians to whom this City belonged recalled the consent they had given They were afraid of offending the Turk with whom they had just concluded a Peace because in that Council Overtures were to be proposed of making War against the Infidels This is the reason that was alledged but the true reason perhaps was that they were not very willing the City should be in a manner abandoned to so many Strangers as must needs flock thither upon account of the Council The Pope declares that he will call the Council at Trend but it is retarded by the War betwixt the Emperour and the King of France The year 1541. being thus spent next year after a Diet of the Empire was held The Pope sent thither John Morone Bishop of Modena and declared that since he could not agree neither with the Duke of Mantua nor the Venetians about holding of a Council either at Mantua or Vicenza he was resolved it should be held at Trent The Protestants would not accept that proposition however the Pope published his Bull dated January 22. and appointed the opening of the Council to be the first of November following About the same time the War broke out between the Emperour and the King of France This last declared War the same year and published reproachfull Manifesto's against the Emperour which War prevented the effect of the Bull of Convocation In the mean time the Pope sent his Legates to Trent and the Emperour his Ambassadours but after they had continued there seven months they were fain to separate because no Prelates came except some of the Kingdom of Naples and of the Ecclesiastick state whom the Pope and the Emperour had sent with their Ambassadours Francis the first King of France foreseeing that it would be imputed to him as a great crime to have obstructed the holding of a Council by so unseasonable a declaration of War to excuse himself with the Pope made Edicts against the Protestants of his Kingdom which he caused to be rigorously put in execution The Pope in the mean time as common Father both to the Emperour and the King of France endeavoured to make them friends but could not succeed in it He had another interview with the Emperour betwixt Parma and Piacenza A fifth interview of the Emperour and Pope but no talk then of a Council or the affairs of Religion The interest of the Emperour obliged him to draw the Pope to his side against the King of France which he attempted to doe and even to procure money of him for the charges of the War On the other hand the Pope had an eye upon the Dutchy of Milan which he desired might return to his Family year 1543 and would have had the Emperour give the investiture of it to Octavio Farnese his Nephew who had married Margaret natural Daughter to Charles the fifth They broke off without concluding any thing being jealous one of another and parted seemingly very well satisfied because both well understood the art of disguising their thoughts The Emperour having no assurances of the Pope addressed himself to Henry King of England and made a League with him against France That incensed the Pope extremely who complained publickly that a Prince who ought to be Protectour of the Church should make alliance with an Excommunicate King He added moreover that since the beginning of the Troubles Charles had carried it with an extreme tenderness towards the Protestants and to render that conduct of the Emperour the more odious he compared it with that of the King of France who had made so many severe Edicts and rigorous Laws against the Innovatours for maintaining the Religion and Papal authority This War and these mutual misunderstandings put a stop to all thoughts of a Council for that year 1543. The year following there was a Diet held at Spire A Diet at Spire where the Emperour gives a new Edict of liberty till the next Council wherein the Emperour represented the pains he had taken for obtaining a Council telling them that it had been called but that the Arms of France hindred its sitting Endeavours were there used to compose the affairs of Religion and the result was that the Emperour who had need of the Protestants made and Edict of Pacification to last till the sitting of the Council That Edict allowed the Lutherans not onely year 1544 the liberty of their Religion but also the peaceable possession of the Benefices which they enjoyed in the Church and ordered Memoirs to be made and presented to the next Diet wherein a form of Reformation should be stated that so all men might know what they were to take for matters of Faith untill the meeting of the next Council The Pope was touched to the quick at the proceedings of this Diet which were very favourable to the Protestants and thereupon wrote smart Letters to the Emperour telling him that he plainly wronged his Conscience and endangered his Salvation by adventuring to judge of matters of Faith and to call Assemblies that might be taken for National Synods by no other authority but his own That these Assemblies were invasions upon the authority of the Holy See since that consisting onely of Lay-men they notwithstanding decided matters of Religion without the power or concurrence of the Pope He besought him to annull all that had been done and in case of refusal threatned to force him to it by other and more severe courses THE HISTORY OF THE Council of TRENT BOOK II. PAUL III. THE War between the Emperour and King of France had hitherto hindered the opening of the Council but that War which lasted not much above a Year The Peace between the Emperour and K. of France revives the proposals of a Council being ended by the Peace that was concluded at Crespy December 24. 1544. both Princes obliged themselves to use their best endeavours for the preservation of the ancient Religion and Union of the Church and for the Reformation of the Court of Rome And that they might the better succeed in these three great Designs they concluded it necessary to press the convocation of a Council The Pope willing to have all the Honour of it alone so soon as
are somewhat rough and unpleasant Those of that Nation who had been chosen Popes made choice of Latin names that at least by their names they might not sound harsh in the year 1555 ears of the Romans Afterward they made a mystery of that change and the Cardinals who are chosen to fill the holy See would thereby signifie that they have renounced all their former Characters that they may become new men Cardinal Santa Croce would not change his name that he might give all to understand that he had been the same man in the Cardinalship as he intended to be in the Papacy He had gained the reputation of a grave and severe man and of a high and steady Soul but he lived not long enough to give a proof of what he could doe So soon as he was exalted to the Pontifical Chair he laid a design of calling the Council again for setling the affairs of Religion and that the Council might be happy in its proceedings he thought it his own duty to begin with a thorough Reformation of the Clergy and Court of Rome which had been often proposed by his Predecessours but never heartily meant by most of them All his designs perished with him for he died of an Apoplexie the last day of the same Month of April So that he filled the Chair but two and twenty days PAUL IV. Paul IV. chosen He was of the House of the Caraffa's The twenty third of May following the Cardinals chose Giovanni Pietro Caraffa who took the name of Paul IV. They made him take an Oath that he should convene the Council within two years and that he should not for the first two years of his Pontificate create more than four Cardinals because the sacred College was very numerous and full The Character of his temper hitherto made him a man of a severity that was somewhat morose and rough He had been a Theatin Monk year 1555 and when advanced to the Purple had still retained the austerity of his Profession so that that Election allarmed all those who dreaded a Reformation As he was a man who had always affected a great austerity of life and was besides haughty to the highest degree so it was feared that if once he set upon a design of Reforming the Court of Rome he would bring it about what ever came on 't but they were soon rid of all these fears for he presently laid aside that affected severity of life He still retained a morose humour This Pope was proud and insolent to the highest degree which being joyned to an insupportable haughtiness he became the most proud and insolent man living Never was there Pope of Rome that carried it with greater Pomp and Grandure The Steward of his house having asked him how he intended to be served for the future like a great Prince answered he He would be crowned with greater Pomp than any of his Predecessours and affected never to appear abroad but in great State and Splendour The English Ambassadours who came to render homage to the holy See arrived just upon the day of his Exaltation which he took as a good presage The Ambassadours falling down at his feet begg'd pardon for the whole Kingdom The Pope took them up granted them what they desired and without being solicited erected Ireland into a Kingdom in favour of the King and Queen This was a very surprizing Act and no body understood the mystery of it nor could any imagine what he drove at in giving the name of Kingdom to an Island which the Kings of England peaceably possest under that Title But that was a fetch of Roman Policy Henry VIII after his separation from the Church of Rome had erected Ireland into a Kingdom and had left it to Edward under that Title Now the Pope pretending to have the onely right of disposing of Crowns and erecting States into Kingdoms had a design to oblige Queen Mary to quit the Title of Queen of Ireland but perceiving very well that that would prove too hard a task he thought it better without saying any thing and as being ignorant of what Henry had done to erect that Countrey into a Kingdom that so Mary might enjoy the Title of it as holding it of the Pope and not deriving it from her Father Moreover with an imperious Air and full of Authority he told the Ambassadours that the Revenues and Church Lands must forthwith be restored to the Clergy and the Tribute of St. Peter be setled again as formerly Queen Mary endeavoured to give the Pope satisfaction as to that but she could not prevail because most of the great men of the Nation were in actual and hereditary possession of the Revenues of the Church and could not be brought to part from them So that all that she could doe was to restore what she her self possessed and what had been annexed to the Crown The Diet at Ausbourg makes an Edict of Liberty which offends the Pope Whilst matters went in this manner at Rome and in England the Diet at Ausbourg which began in February last was still continued The Germans devised several means for putting an end to the controversies about Religion but seeing they were not likely to take effect they were forced to settle a Peace by making all the Princes within their own Territories supreme in matters of Religion The Protestants moved that it might be permitted to Bishops and Abbots to change their Religion without losing their Dignities and Revenues but that did not pass The Catholicks on the other hand urged that those States which had accepted the Interim some seven years before should not have the liberty of returning again to the Confession of Ausbourg but at length they yielded and so all the States enjoyed full liberty of Conscience nay and the Lutherans were maintained in the possession of the Church-Revenues which they had already allotted for the entertainment of their Ministers and Schools Pope Paul the most haughty and passionate man living fell into a furious rage against this Edict of Liberty He publickly threatned the Emperour and Ferdinand King of the Romans that he would make them repent the injury they had done to the holy See He exhorted them to recall those Edicts wherein if they failed he threatned to proceed against them with as severe Censures as he intended to use against the Lutherans he said that all the misfortunes that had befallen Charles proceeded from the wrath of God against him because of his indifference and that he had not vigorously bestirred himself in reducing Germany to the obedience of the holy See which he might have done In this manner and with such kind of Discourse he entertained the Emperour's Ambassadour and the Cardinal of Ausbourg He observed the same Character with all other Ambassadours telling them often that he was above all Princes that he expected not that any of them should treat with him as his equal that he could alter and take away Kingdoms
came to the turn of the Spaniards and French speak many difficulties were started against the Decrees as they had been conceived by the Cardinals First this Clause was objected against that Bishops hold a chief rank depending on the Bishop of Rome that was thought to be an ambiguous expression but after some debate they who made the objection consented to have it said a chief rank under the Pope Some also did not like that it should be said that Bishops are admitted by the Pope in partem solicitudinis because that signified clearly enough that Bishops are appointed by the Pope and not by our Lord Jesus Christ but above all they stumbled at the Article of the Pope's Authority and that the Canon gave him the Pope to govern the Church Universal The French thought that by these words the Pope had a design to establish a Superiority over the Council They were nevertheless willing it should be said that he hath the power to rule all the Churches ecclesias universas but not the Church Universal ecclesiam universalem Most part fansied that to be a very nice distinction and of little solidity But the rest maintained that by giving the Pope power to govern the Church Universal they exalted his Tribunal above the Church whereas the Tribunal of the Church is exalted above that of the Pope They alledged that there was a great difference betwixt being exalted above all Churches that is to say above every Particular Church and being exalted above the Church Universal that is whole Church taken together and assembled in a Council This occasioned great debate the Pope's Party alledged the Authority of the Council of Florence which had made use of these terms and that did a little puzzle the Spaniards because their Countrey own the Council of Florence for a General Council But the French set light by that Authority and opposed to it the Councils of Constance and Basil which have defined the Superiority of a Council over the Pope Upon this occasion there arose a great contest betwixt the Italians and French for the Italians maintained that the Council of Florence was a General Council that that of Basil was Schismatical and the other of Constance partly approved and partly rejected But the French on the contrary denied the Council of Florence to have been a lawfull Council and said that the others of Constance and Basil were lawfull and General The Legates well perceived that no good would come of these contests and therefore that they might have time to sent to Rome the Censures which the Bishops on the other side of the Alpes had made upon the Decree composed by the Pope touching the Institution of Bishops and the Authority of the Holy See they employed the Congregations about the Point of Residence The Cardinals of Lorrain and Madruccio the day before had mode a Project of Decision concerning the Controversie of Residence which displeased not the Legates But the Presidents having had time to reflect upon it observed a Clause that gave them Umbrage which was that Bishops are obliged by the Command of God to guide their Flocks and to watch in Person over them They knew very well that the Pope would make a sinister interpretation of these words and think that they favoured the opinion of the Divine Right of Residence and therefore they left it out of their own heads and presented in the Congregation the Minute corrected after their own way That action choaked the Cardinals of Lorrain and Madruccio Lorrain protested that for the future he would not meddle in any thing and Cardinal Madruccio said that in the Council there was another secret Council which took all the Authority to it self The Legates finding that they gained no ground put a stop to the Congregations in expectation of an answer from Rome and the Pope's Party began to make Factions that they might break up the Council for good and all At this the Cardinal of Lorrain broke out and acted with less reserve than he had formerly done He complained that there was a design of breaking up the Council he spoke to the Ambassadours of Princes that their Masters might intercede with the Pope not onely for the Continuation of the Council but especially that it might be left to its liberty saying that nothing could be proposed or resolved upon but what pleased the Legates that the Legates did nothing but what the Pope thought fit and that Decisions even about the smallest matters must be expected from Rome that if matters went on still in that manner they would make a pacification in France whereby all should have liberty to live as they thought good untill the holding of a free Council that for his own part he would have patience untill the next Session but that if affairs went no better he would protest and withdraw and carry all the French along with him that they might celebrate a National Council at Home The French Ambassadour residing at Rome made the same Expostulations and Menaces that the Cardinal did at Trent But the Pope began to be accustomed to that noise and was not a whit startled at these Bugbears of National Synods He made answer that the Council was more than free that it was even licentious that if the Italians made any Factions and Cabals he knew nothing of it but that yet they were forced upon it if they did so by the violence of the Bishops beyond the Alpes who endeavoured to trample under foot the Authority of the Holy See The Bishop of the five Churches the Emperour's Ambassadour for the Kingdom of Hungary went about the same time to wait on his Master and to inform him of the Factions and Conduct of the Italians The Archbishop of Granada and those of his Party entreated him to procure from the Emperour a Letter to the King of Spain praying him to solicite a Reformation The Legates were informed of this and looked upon all that Conduct as an effect of the Councils of the Cardinal of Lorrain and to Countermine that League they deputed John Francisco Commendone Bishop of Zante to the Emperour under pretext of Justifying the Council in that they had not as yet proposed the Articles of Reformation which his Imperial Majesty had presented b his Ambassadours Seeing these misunderstandings grew dayly greater and greater the Legates sufficiently perplexed sent a writing to all the Ambassadours begging the Assistance of their Councils in the present Junctures The French slipt not that occasion to tell their minds freely and therefore said that the Council was made use of to encrease corruptions instead of lessening them that a stop ought to be put to those shamefull underhand dealings which were continually practised that they ought not to labour to raise the Pope above the Church Universal that the best way was to follow the Decrees of the Council of Constance And farther added that one cause of disagreement was that the Clark of the Council did not faithfully set
he understood the Intentions of the Emperour and King of France without expecting the demand that these Princes designed to make to him issued forth immediately the Bull of Convocation for a Council to be held in the City of Trent and appointed the 15. of March to be the first day of its Meeting The Emperour was not pleased that this Publication was made without asking his Advice however he put the best Face he could upon it as purposing to appear the principal Actor in this whole Affair and sent to all the Courts in Europe to invite the Princes to send their Prelates to Trent He Assembled the Divines of Louvain appointing them to reduce the Matters in Controversie into certain Heads to be presented to the Council They thereupon made two and thirty bare Conclusions without any Reasons or Arguments to back them and Charles the Fifth who loved to be Supreme as well in Matters of Religion as in the Affairs of State afterwards confirmed them by an Edict The King of France would needs doe the same and Assembled the Divines of Paris at Melun to consult about the Matters that were to be demanded in the Council but they could not agree for some were for demanding the restitution of the Pragmatick Sanction and the Decrees of the Councils of Constance and Basil Others were against it because that would be to declare themselves against the King and overthrow the Agreement that he had made with Leo X. So nothing being fixt upon there they stood to the twenty five Points of Doctrine which the Sorbonne had published two Years before The Pope appoints Legates to preside in the Council and sends them to Trent The Pope did what lay in his Power to content the Emperour who had conceived a great displeasure that after he had laboured so much and had had so great a hand in calling of this Council yet the Bull should be published without asking his consent but for all that went on still to hasten the accomplishment of what he had alone begun He named three Legates to preside in the Council The Cardinal of Monte called otherwise Cardinal of Praeneste Marcello Corvino Cardinal of Santacroce and Reynold Pool and English Man of the Bloud-Royal of England The first was Cardinal Bishop the Second Cardinal Priest and the Third Cardinal Deacon The last was chosen more for Pomp than Necessity because of the Grandure of his Family and that it might appear that though the Kingdom of England had made defection from the Church yet those who continued in their Obedience were still honoured and esteemed The Pope dispatched the Legates with the Bull of Legation without the Plenepotentiary Bull because he would have time to consider in what Form he should give it but some time after their Arrival at Trent they received their Plenepotentiary Bull. At the same time the Pope made a Second Bull of that Nature whereby he gave them power to adjourn the Council to any other place if they thought fit because he was not certain whether Trent might agree with them or not but this second Bull was not then sent but kept secret The Legates did not approve of the Plenepotentiary Bull because it ordered them to proceed in all things according to the resolutions of the Council whereas on the contrary their intention was that in all things the Council should comply with them That Place of the Bull must therefore be mended and there was trouble enough about it before they could agree upon the Form of the Legates Commission there having been no precedents for such kind of Legations In all former Councils that had been held for four or five hundred Years the Popes always presided in Person except in the Council of Basil which in the beginning had the Legates of Pope Eugenius for Presidents but the Name of that Council was so odious to the Court of Rome that they lookt upon it as a crime to imitate anything that had been done there The Presidents arrive at Trent and remain there a long while alone The Legates arrived at Trent the thirteenth of March two days before the Council was to be opened The Poe had given but very short warning for there was no more than three Months betwixt the last Bull of Convocation and the opening of the Council and the remote Prelates as the Germans Spanish and French could not be present in so short a time However the Pope knew what he did for it concerned him to have none there in the beginning but Italians and such as he could dispose of at his pleasure because in the Preliminaries the manner of proceeding during the whole sitting of the Council was to be regulated and thereupon depended the Authority which the Pope was to keep in his own Hands of being Absolute and Supreme in all the deliberations of that Assembly The Legates in the mean time could not open the Council on the day prefixt because they found no Body at Trent and when Don Diego de Mendoza the Emperour's Ambassadour came who arrived ten days after he found none there but the Legates and three Bishops In the beginning the Legates communicated to Don Diego and that small Number of Bishops the Letters which they received from Rome as if they intended to Act nothing without their Participation but it was not long so The Legates perceived that the Ambassadour and the Bishops getting thereby Footing began to meddle too much They therefore wrote to Rome that there should be always two Letters sent them one which might be Communicated to all and another private for themselves alone they likewise demanded a Cipher for the safe communication of Affairs of Weight and Moment and thus did they prepare themselves to receive the inspirations of the Holy-Ghost The Month of March was now spent without any appearance at Trent and the Legates were ashamed to open a Council with no more than three Bishops Orders were thereupon to be expected from Rome and whilst they stayed for them the Ambassadours of Ferdinand King of the Romans arrived and were admitted into the Congregation Now began Disputes about precedence to arise for Don Diego de Mendoza the Emperour's Ambassadour challenged his place immediately after the Legates before Cardinal Madoncio otherwise called Cardinal of Trent who was present and before all the Cardinals that might afterwards appear An expedient was found out to place them so that none should be above another but that decided not the Controversie to Rome it must go and thither the Legates sent it year 1545 At the same time a Diet was held at Wormes wherein the Emperour caused Intimation to be made to the Protestants of the holding of a Council The Emperour gives intimation to the Protestants of the Convocation of a Council and upon their refusing to submit to it concludes a League with the Pope against them but they protested against that Assembly and even refused to give the Emperour any assistance against
satisfied with Anathema's and that opinion prevailed the rather because the contrary was very judiciously opposed by Giovanni Baptista Cigale Bishop of Albinga who told them that never any man had forsaken his opinion because it had been condemned and that though all Catholicks do profess that they will refer themselves to the judgment of the Church nevertheless they do not do so but more obstinately defend their opinion when once it is condemned The Protestations said he that the Doctors make of submitting to the judgment of the Church are but Complements and terms of Civility which are not so to be abused as to be taken literally they are to be answered by a civil conduct and charitable deportment Every one was convinced of the truth of this in their own Consciences and therefore they yielded to that reason So that there was no decision made touching the questions in controversie amongst the Catholicks themselves that they might not condemn any nor give occasion to a spirit of Defection The Legates acquainted the Pope with all these difficulties and whilst they expected an answer they fell to treat of other matters In the Congregation of the twenty fifth of January the business of Reformation was proposed they came to speak of the remisness of Bishops in the discharge of their Duties and the Legates who were not vexed to see the blame laid at the Bishops doors and that they were look'd upon as the cause of all the disorders opposed nothing that was moved upon that Subject so the Prelates sported themselves with an imaginary liberty in declaming against themselves Giovanni Salazar Bishop of Lanciano was not so patiently heard because he attributed the source of all the evils to the abuses of the Court of Rome however he was suffered to speak But Cornelius Muis Bishop of Bitonto that spoke next refuted him and made it appear that the disorders proceeded from Kings who had the nomination to Bishopricks The abuse of the Plurality of Benefices and its various sources From this they went on to that thorny matter about Plurality of Benefices which was a hinderance to Residence because a Prelate who had two Bishopricks could not be in two places This Plurality of Benefices was introduced three manner of ways First under pretext that one Benefice alone was not enough for the maintainance of a Minister at the Altar more were given him and Benefices were distinguished into Compatible and Incompatible The Compatible are such as do not oblige to Residence and have not the cure of Souls the Incompatible are those that bind to Residence Though in the beginning they might make some scruple of annexing Incompatible Benefices yet they made none in joyning those that were called Compatible Now the sufficiency of a Benefice was reckoned according to the quality of the Incumbent for as a Gentleman or a Lord could not subsist at so easie a rate as an ordinary man so they allotted him more Compatible Benefices according to the Character he bore of Abbot Bishop or Cardinal The second cause of the multiplication of Benefices are Commendums Heretofore when a Benefice was vacant and for some reason as of Plague or War it was not possible to proceed so soon to the Election of a Successour he that had the right of Patronage recommended the care of the Benefice to some Person with whose prudence he was well satisfied during the time of the vacancy this Commendatary received the Fruits and was accountable for them But in progress of time it came to pass that under divers pretexts the Commendataries disposed of the Revenues of the Benefice and retarded as much as lay in their power the Election of him who ought to possess the Benefice in Title To put a stop to these disorders it was ordained that these Commendums should not continue above six Months But the Popes began quickly to grant them for much longer time and at length granted them for Life giving liberty to the Commendataries to enjoy the Profits during Life By this means a man could enjoy but one Benefice in Title but he might possess several in Commendum and even Bishopricks and smaller Cures were thus bestowed This was a very great abuse at which the Adherents of Luther complained much but the Court of Rome were so far from being ashamed of this abuse that they shew'd a prodigious instance of it at the very same time when the Lutherans most fiercely declamed against the corruptions of the Church and that was in the year 1534. when Clement VII gave all the Benefices in Christendom in Commendum to his Nephew Hippolito de Medicis for six Months to count from the day that he took possession of them with Power to take up all the Rents and to apply them to his proper use In a word the last way of evading the Canons which prohibited Plurality of Benefices was the Annexing of Benefices The Pope was wont to cast together forty or fifty Benefices and though they were in several Kingdoms yet that was reckoned but the enjoying of one Benefice according to the Canons because of many Benefices they had made but one But lest this Union of Benefices might in progress of time lessen the number of Livings it was appointed to last no longer than the Life of the Incumbent in whose favour it had been granted and that by his Death the Benefices should be reputed ipso facto disunited There was a necessity of abolishing these three abuses for hindring the Plurality of Benefices and the Prelates as to that gave their opinions with a great deal of liberty They spared not the Cardinals who possessed several Bishopricks nor the Court of Rome that by Dispensations favoured that corruption The Legates who feared that the matter might be pusht on too far seconded the overture that was made by the Bishop of Albinga of referring it to the Pope They said that it was a matter that principally concerned the Court of Rome and that it would be a disgrace to the Pope to be thought incapable of Reforming his own Court The Legates wrote immediately to Rome about it and the Pope gladly received the proposition He removed to Rome the whole affair of that Reformation by a Bull but the Legates durst not shew it because it was too ample the Pope therein taking too much Authority to himself and because the Bishops also who seemed to consent to that Reference opposed it The Spanish Bishops were so far from the opinion of referring the matter to Rome The Spanish Bishops vigorously bestir themselves for a Reformation but without success that they themselves undertook to give a model of that Reformation They drew up a censure in writing which contained eleven Articles for a very strict Reformation as for regulating the exactness that ought to be had in the examination of Bishops and Curates when they were to be preferred to Churches for obliging Cardinal Bishops to reside at least six Months in their Bishopricks for declaring
his head but the sentence was not put in execution onely the Electour was kept Prisoner and the Electourship transferred to the Branch of Maurice of Saxony his Cosin The Landgrave of Hesse was also made Prisoner but by a base peice of treachery which sullied the Honour of the Victory that poor Prince was deceived by the Emperour to whom he had surrendred himself upon promise of life and the preservation of his liberty and goods but not a tittle of the promise given him was made good He left the place whither he had retreated for safety came into Saxony begg'd the Emperour's pardon and was the same day made Prisoner so that Charles remained absolute Master of all Germany This great success gave jealousie to the Pope and obliged him to renew his Alliances with the King of France Henry II. He sent his Legate the Cardinal of St. George into France who treated with Henry and obtained of him Diana his natural Daughter whom he had by the famous Diana of Poictiers for Horatio Farnese his Nephew and pressed him hard to send his Bishops to Bologna Charles in the midst of his Victories did not neglect those things which might procure him the Reputation of a Religious Prince and at the same time mortifie the Protestants wherefore Don Pedro de Toledo Viceroy of Naples by Orders from him attempted the setling of the Inquisition in that Kingdom and this caused a very great sedition the Spaniards were forced to flie into the Castle and were not able to establish the Inquisition but they punished a considerable number of the Seditious session 10 During these Accidents the Fathers who were assembled at Bologna knew not how to employ their time the number of Prelates and Divines was too small and they onely held Congregations for formality sake The matter of the Eucharist was started there but nothing concluded about it The second of June Tenth Session the second at Bologna was held the tenth Session which is the second at Bologna wherein all that was done was to Prorogue it untill the fifteenth of September the tenth of the same month of June Pietro Aloisio Farnese Duke of Piacenza and Nephew to the Pope a man of an enormous life was by some Gentlemen assassinated in his own Palace and immediately after Ferrante Gonzaga Governour of Milan seized the City of Piacenza in the Emperour's Name This accident put the Court of Rome into so great disorder that all thoughts of a Council were laid aside So that the day of the Session drawing nigh the Cardinal di Monte called together the Prelates that were about him and ordered a Prorogation of the next Session untill such time as the Council should think fit to hold it A Diet at Ausbourg wherein the Protestants promise to submit to the Council About the end of August the Emperour held a Diet at Ausbourg having a great Army lying round the Town part of which he put into the place And now he thought it time to get the Catholick Prelates to write to the Pope to solicite the restitution of the Council at Trent for which purpose he wrote very earnestly himself Cardinal Sfondrato the Pope's Legate at this Diet at Ausbourg pressed the Emperour on the other hand to admit of the Translation plying him with vain hopes of conquering the Kingdom of England which was fallen into Heresie and was governed onely by a Child The Emperour would not swallow that bait but persisted and sent Madruccio Cardinal of Trent to Rome to press the re-establishment of the Council at Trent At the same time having the Power in his hands he obliged the Protestant Princes and Towns to promise to submit to the Council upon large assurances which he gave them that they should receive all kind of satisfaction The favours which Maurice had freshly received from the Emperour who had invested him in the Electorate whereof Prince Frederick had been dispossessed the fear of his arms and his promises wrought upon the Protestants to make that false step which yet produced no bad effects for their party in the end Onely the Electour Frederic a Prisoner stript of all could neither be moved by Prayers nor Threats The Cardinal of Trent at Rome used all possible diligence to obtain the re-establishment of the Council at Trent On the ninth of December he moved it in a full College of Cardinals and prosecuted the same in private Conferences but nothing was to be obtained and therefore he left the Negotiation to Don Diego de Mendoza Ambassadour in ordinary This man followed it close and spoke publickly of the matter in a solemn Consistory which the Pope had called for conferring a Hat on the Cardinal of Guise who was then present The new created Cardinal made a long discourse which was not favourable to the Imperialists for though he did not formally oppose what Don Diego had said yet he did pretty well insinuate that the holy See might on this occasion expect from France all kind of assistance against the Imperialists And in effect Henry the II. in the sequel not onely approved the Translation of the Council but hindered the Pope from giving any satisfaction to the Emperour as to that point to the end he might set them at variance The Pope finding himself hard put to it pretended that he would know what was the opinion of the Prelates assembled at Bologna He therefore wrote to them and received their answer according as he had concerted the matter with them which was that it was inconsistent with the Dignity of the Council to return to Trent that it was necessary that the Prelates which remained at Trent should first rejoyn the body at Bologna and that then they would consult what was fittest to be done but that it was not reasonable that the greater number should give way to the lesser The Pope signified this answer to Don Diego approving and ratifying the same and he on the other hand was just about to make a Declaration against the Assembly at Bologna to declare it unlawfull and to protest that all that should be done there should be null and of none effect had he not been hindered by Cardinal di Trani Dean of the sacred College so that for that time he thought it was enough to inform the Emperour of what had past At the same time the Pope made an answer to the Letter which he had received from the Church-men of the Diet at Ausbourg gave them good words but in the main refused the re-establishment of the Council at Trent and sent them a Copy of the Letter of the Fathers of Bologna The Emperour having learnt the Pope's final resolution sent to Bologna Francisco de Vargas and Martino Velasco who appeared before the Fathers of Bologna the sixteenth of January with a Letter from the Emperour bearing this superscription Conventui Patrum Bononiae this Title offended the Assembly and Cardinal di Monte interrupted de Vargas telling him that though
created Pope was become the proudest and most insupportable man living The Resignation of Charles did not put an end to the War of Naples The Duke of Guise was forced to march into Italy to the assistance of the Pope he had a design to have stopt at Lombardy to make a Diversion but the Pope would have him on any terms to march forward into the Kingdom of Naples where he did nothing at all And now the Pope to make good his promise created ten Cardinals but they were neither French men nor devoted to the French interest as he had promised which a little disgusted that Nation On the other side the Court of Rome had no great reason to be much satisfied with the Succours of France for notwithstanding their assistance the Duke of Alva took the Town of Signey and threatned the same to Pagliano The Pope being alarmed at this great Success opened his grievances in a consistory of Cardinals to whom amongst other things he told that he resolutely expected Martyrdom but the Cardinals could not well conceive how he could die a Martyr in a War which he had kindled by his treachery and ambition At the same time the French were defeated at St. Quentin in Picardy by the Forces of the K. of Spain which forced the K. of France to recall his Forces out of Italy and the Pope was constrained to make peace with the Duke of Alva but though he had been worsted yet would he needs make his peace as if he had been victorious The Pope being overcome makes peace like a Conquerour He would neither suffer the Colonna's to be mentioned in the Treaty nor himself to be accused of having violated the Law of Nations by imprisoning the Ministers of the Emperour and King of Spain but on the contrary the Duke of Alva must come to Rome in person to beg on his Knees absolution for himself and in name of the King his Master Never was there any thing more haughty and indeed the Inundation of the Tyber which at that time overflowed all the City of Rome and ruined the Fortifications of the Castle of St. Angelo was lookt upon as an effect of that prodigious pride which provoked Divine Vengeance One thing is reported of this Pope which very well shews his humour in order to this war he had raised Troops amongst the Grisons and they being Protestants according to the usual Insolence of Soldiers made havock in all Churches where they past even to the pulling down of Images The Cardinals of the Inquisition complained of this but the Pope answered year 1558 were repealed and the Roman Religion wholly banished the Kingdom About the same time another thing happened which overwhelmed the Pope in trouble and that was that in the Diet of Ausbourg the Acts of the last Years Conference which ended without any Success having been examined the Emperour confirmed the Liberty of Religion according to the Pacification at Passau and the Recesses of the Diets which had been held afterward The Pope could not hinder nor oppose it by his Legates for he had excluded himself from all Negotiation with Germany by the affront and injury he had done to Ferdinand And to mortifie him for good and all peace was concluded at Cambray the third of April betwixt the Kings of France and Spain So that he found himself left alone forsaken of all men hated of those two Princes betwixt whom he had kindled a War instead of quenching it as it was the Duty of the Common Father of the Church In that Treaty the two Kings obliged themselves mutually to endeavour the Reformation of the Church and the Calling of a Council for rooting out of Heresies Philip and Henry were both great Persecutours of Protestants especially Philip of Spain who thought it not enough to use Fire and Sword in a most cruel manner within his own Dominions but sent Ambassadours to all Neighbouring Princes to solicite them to take the same violent Courses against Protestants Perhaps there was more of resentment and revenge than Zeal for Religion in this Conduct for he had a mortal hatred to the Protestants of Germany because they had been the Cause that he was not named King of the Romans in the Diet of Ausbourg in the Year 1551. for the reformed States favoured Ferdinand and Maximilian his Son who opposed the Election of Philip. From the time of the first Edict of Charles the fifth there had been above fifty thousand men put to death by most cruel Torments in the low Countreys but this being not sufficient to Philip he made a League with France for the total Subversion of the Reformation The Cardinal of Lorrain in France and Granvel Bishop of Arras were the great sticklers for that Enterprise For putting of this design in execution Philip had a great mind to have brought the Inquisition into the low Countreys but his Father Charles the V. having heretofore succeeded so ill in that design that he was forced to leave it off he feared that that Enterprise might cost him more trouble than it had done his Father To cut off some of the Difficulties that might happen he resolved to begin with the multiplication of Bishopricks in hopes that these Bishops might contribute much to the accomplishment of his design There were but two Bishopricks in all the low Countreys Utrecht and Cambray all the rest of the Clergy were under the Jurisdiction of German and French Bishops and these two Bishops were also Suffragans to Strangers Philip drew his Territories from under a foreign spiritual Jurisdiction and erected into Bishopricks Namur Antwerp Balise-duc Ghent Bruges Ipres St. Omer Harlem Midleburg Leuvarden Groninguen Ruremonde and Deventer and established three Archbishopricks Cambray Malines and Utrecht The People perceived very well what that tended to and therefore they grew more obstinate and became inclinable to embrace the Reformation refusing to pay any Taxes till the Spanish Soldiers were removed Henry II. on his part did all that lay in his power to ruine the Protestants in his Kingdom He resolved to be present at the famous Mercurial which was held the fifteenth of June this was the name that was given to the Assemblies which met on Wednesdays for examining and correcting the manners of the Judges of Parliament Matters of Religion were to be treated of there and the King would hear the Judges argue that affair that he himself might know who were infected with new opinions After that Assembly he caused Lewis le Fevre and Anne du Bourg both Judges to be apprehended because they had been of opinion that some favour should be shew'd in punishing People who were onely guilty said they in discovering the Corruptions of the Court of Rome The first national Synod of the Protestants in France The Protestants notwithstanding the rigour of Persecutions went on with their business and framed a Discipline in the Church they met at St. Germain and held their first national Synod there
Interests for in that Assembly the Annates were taken away the Concordat betwixt Leo X. and Francis I. infringed and the Monks subjected to the Jurisdiction of the Bishops in so much that he gave France almost over for lost The Pope names Legates to preside in the Council and sends them away The time appointed by the Pope for the opening of the Council drawing nigh he deputed Legates to preside in it to wit Hercules de Gonzaga Cardinal of Mantua and Giacomo Puteo Cardinal of Nizza the first because of his interest and extraction and the second because of his ability in the Canon Law being Dean of the Rota At length the Pope received Letters from the Court of France dated the third of March 1561. wherein the King gave an absolute consent to the Council Spain did the like and so the difficulties were by little and little removed but at the same time the Portuguese were said to be coming to the Council with a design to get the Superiority of a Council over the Pope to de defined and that they took instructions about that point The Spaniards as to that were more dreaded than the Portuguese but the French most of all because they have been of a long time possest with that opinion Easter now drew nigh and therefore the Pope pressed the Legates and Italian Bishops to hasten their departure for Trent Cardinal Puteo falling very sick Cardinal Girolamo Seripando a famous Divine was named in his place He had orders to pass by Mantua and to take his Collegue with him but they arrived not at Trent till Easter Tuesday where they found nine Bishops already come About the same time the Duke of Savoy made peace with his Subjects inhabiting the Valleys The War had been unsuccesfull to him he was most commonly worsted and one day lost an Army of seven thousand Men the Waldenses having lost but fourteen of theirs The Agreement was made the fifth of June 1561. and they had certain places allotted them for the free Exercise of their Religion This displeased the Pope exceedingly who had contributed considerable Summs of Money for carrying on the War but Necessity has no Law A Convocation of the Clergy was resolved upon in France and to prevent any Suspicion that the Pope might thereby conceive they assured him that they would treat of nothing but of means to pay off the King's Debts and about matters in general which they might have to propose in Council This did not remove the Pope's Anxiety and therefore he sent the Cardinal of Ferrara to that Assembly to have an Eye over it that nothing might be acted there contrary to his Authority The Protestant party encreased considerably and all France was distinguished by these two Names Papists and Huguenots I shall observe by the bye that this word Huguenot the original of which seems obscure to Authours comes from the Suisse-word Eidgnossen which signifies Associates or Allies Those of Geneva who before the Bishop was expelled from thence resisted his Enterprises for oppressing their Liberties were called Eidgnossen because they were associated with the Cantons of Berne and Fribourg and since the Bishop having been banished and Religion changed they still retained the name of Eidgnossen Allies The Cardinal of Ferrara came therefore into France to oppose the Torrent which threatned an inundation in that Kingdom through the Authority of several great men who were engaged in the party of the Huguenots About the same time there was a train discovered laid by the Clergy of France not onely against the Protestant Religion but against the State also One Artus Desire was apprehended at Orleans with instructions from those of the Clergy who were of the faction of the House of Guise With these instructions he was going into Spain to procure assistance against the Hereticks who could not be sufficiently quelled by a Woman and a Child as the Commission of that Envoy imported This did the Protestants some kindness for it procured an Edict in their favour prohibiting any to molest them or to search their Houses under pretext of discovering their Assemblies the Prisons were opened their Prisoners set at liberty and their banished recalled This Artus was condemned to make the Amende honorable and to perpetual Imprisonment in the Chartreux The Edict of July against the Protestants But that Edict had not the happy effects which might have been expected because of the opposition that the Enemies of the Protestants made against it For in July following another Edict past in Parliament the King being present prohibiting the Exercise of any other Religion except that of the Church of Rome granting nevertheless pardon for what was past and ordering that for the future such as should be accused for Religion should onely be sentenced to banishment At the same time another Edict past for holding a Conference at Poissy betwixt the learned of the one and the other Religion A conference appointed at Poissy betwixt the Roman Catholicks and the Protestants to see if the differences between them could by any fair means be accommodated Several Catholicks opposed it as being a Compliance below the Church to enter the lists with Hereticks but the Cardinal of Lorrain who hoped to make his parts conspicuous on that occasion carried it The Pope was somewhat satisfied with the Edict of July and had been more if the Punishment of the Hereticks had not been mitigated to Banishment but he was extremely offended at the Conference of Poissy and the Edict which appointed it He wrote to the Bishops of France that they had no power to make Edicts in matters which concerned Religion in General that if they adventured upon any thing beyond the reach of their power he would rescind all that they did and proceed against them with all rigour The Bishops did not much value these threats onely assured the Pope that he had no reason to be startled at that Assembly France was an inexhaustible Spring of Troubles for the Pope from thence they flowed daily upon him and it was no small vexation that he received from the Estates at Pontoise wherein upon a debate that arose about Precedence betwixt the Princes and the Cardinals it was judged in favour of the Princes against the Cardinals The Cardinals of Chatillon and Armagnac yielded but those of Tournon Lorrain and Guise withdrew murmuring against their Collegues This vexed the Pope indeed but he was touched to the quick by a letter which he received from the Queen Regent dated the fourth of August wherein she bewailed the sad condition of France and the numerousness of the Protestant Party proposing to him some Remedies which she thought necessary in the present juncture that is several Reformations which according to her Judgment ought to be made in Religion as the taking of Images out of Churches the abolition of the use of Spittle and Exorcisms in Baptism the allowing the Cup to the People the restoring of the Vulgar
side as Mother side had by Successions and Alliances united a great many Territories and these lesses States joyned in one made a vast Dominion in the Person of Charles fortified by the Dignity of Emperour which that Prince had obtained by Election In that last quality his Ambassadours without any Dispute went before those of France After the Resignation of Charles Philip his Son inherited all his haughtiness though he succeeded but to a part of his Grandure He remained King of Spain Naples and Sicily and Master of the Low Countries that is to say he succeeded to all the Rights of the Kings of Castille Arragon and Naples and of the Dukes of Burgundy None of his Predecessours ever thought of disputing the Precedence with the Kings of France and some of them had even been their Vassals Nevertheless Philip finding himself Master of so many Countries and having swelled his Titles with American Kingdoms thought himself in a Condition of disputing a Dignity with France whereof it had always been in possession without any opposition This quarrel was begun at Rome before it appeared at Trent but however we will begin with that which happened at Trent For a long time means had been essayed both a Trent and at Rome for preventing this Scuffle which they well foresaw would happen The Marquess of Pescara Governour of Milan came not to the Council when the French Ambassadours arrived He retired to Milan leaving the Secretary of his Embassie at Trent because he was not willing to engage in a Contest where he foresaw he could not come off with Honour to his Master He was discharged of that Embassie and the Count de Luna named to succeed in his place The King of Spain at first had a design of sending the Count to the Council with the Title of Ambassadour of the Emperour that so he might have Precedence without any difficulty But the Execution of this design was pestered with so many encumbrances which were hard to be avoided that at length the Count de Luna wrote to the Legates about the end of November 1562. that he would come to Trent as Ambassadour of Spain and not of the Emperour but that he desired to know before he set out what place would be given him The Legates communicated the affair to the French Ambassadours who answered coldly that they were not sent to Trent to take up differences but to take the place that was their due that if that place were denied them they would protest against all the Acts of the Council and immediately be gone The Cardinal of Mantua proposed to give the Spaniards a place apart from the other Ambassadours opposite to the Legates but they withstood that and said that they would have him placed below them The Count de Luna being come to Trent continued there forty days without appearing in Congregation being hindered by the same difficulty At length after the return of Cardinal Morone from Inspruck the Actions of the Council being about to begin again and to proceed with greater diligence than ever there was a necessity of passing over all Considerations During these forty days the French were earnestly solicited to allow the Count de Luna a place apart which should neither be above nor below them but they would by no means consent to it The Count had a mind to stanâ— in that first Congregation untill the Harangues and Ceremonies of his Reception were over and immediately after to withdraw and return home But the Spaniards thought not that expedient sufficient to save the Honour of their King He also endeavoured to obtain that at least the French would not come to the Congregation the day of his Reception and that they likewise refused Afterward he bethought himself of another means and that was to dispute the Right of Ambassadours assisting at Congregation alledging that it was contrary to the Custome of Ancient Councils But besides that that was false he durst not insist upon it because that did a general prejudice to all Princes who had Ambassadours there He cast about so many ways that at length he hit upon one that succeeded and which obliged the French to yield and that was that he obtained of the Legates and some Prelates that in the Congregation where he should be received they might treat of some affairs wherein the French might be considered as a Party and for that reason could not assist at the Deliberations The Subject that was chosen was the prejudice that might befall Christendom by the Peace concluded in France with the Huguenots The Cardinal of Lorrain was informed of that resolution and thereupon assembled the French to acquaint them that there was ground to fear lest in these Deliberations which were onely held for Formality to hinder them from assisting at the Reception of the Spanish Ambassadour some things might however be spoken and resolutions taken contrary to the interests of their Prince and upon that Consideration he made them resolve to yield and suffer the Count de Luna to have a place out of the rank of Ambassadours The French at Rome were not at all satisfied with that easiness and condescension of the Cardinal of Lorrain However it went so and on the second of May the Count de Luna took his place in the middle of the Assembly in a seat by himself apart from all the rest and over against the Legates For all that he made his Protestations saying that the next place to the Ambassadours of the Emperour belonged to him but that he was not willing to dispute it lest he might thereby give hinderance to the affairs of the Church and of the Council that he pretended and declared that all that was done should not be prejudicial to the rank which his Master ought to hold On the other side the French made their Protestations also and proved that the Ambassadours of the Kings of France had always had place immediately after the Ambassadours of the Emperour as might appear by what was done in the Councils of Constance and Lateran They added if the distinct place apart from the rest which was assigned to the Ambassadour of Spain did prejudice to the Rights of their Master they demanded that forthwith the Fathers of the Council would oblige the Ambassadours of the King of Spain to sit below them they required that at least it should be declared that all was done without prejudice to the Possession of the King of France which had been perpetual and without interruption and promised to be content with that at present provided they had an Act thereupon given them and recorded Some time before this matter was thus managed at Trent they had been in the same straits at Rome The Pope having often promised the French Ambassadour to give him on Whitsunday following the place that belonged to him he assembled the Cardinals to consult about means for satisfying the Spaniards and many Expedients were offered Some proposed that the Spanish Ambassadour should have
Canonical Books p. 83 Free Ordinations p. 330 The Sacrament of Orders handled and reduced to eight Articles p. 400 P. PAcieco a Spanish Cardinal with all the Imperialists oppose the Legates in the treating of the matter of Original Sin p. 95 Paul III. succeeds to Clement VII p. 41 Having made some ineffectual Propositions of a Reformation he resolves upon a Council to be held at Mantua p. 42 His fruitless attempts for the Reformation of the Court of Rome p. 46 He thunders a Bull of Excommunication against Henry VIII King of England p. 47 Declares that he will call the Council at Trent but is retarded by the War betwixt the Emperour and King of France p. 52 Appoints Legates to preside in the Council and sends them to Trent p. 57 He will not have the Bishops appear in Council by Proxy p. 64 Seeks an opportunity of breaking up the Council p. 122 Fearing the Spaniards he resolves to remove the Council to Bologna p. 161 His Death and Successour p. 182 Paul IV. of the Family of the Caraffa's succeeds to Marcello II. p. 258 He is insolent and proud to the highest Degree p. 259 Erects Ireland into a Kingdom by a fetch of State Policy ibid. He is offended at the Diet of Ausburg p. 260 Listens to the perswasion of using Carnal Arms for supporting his Authority p. 262 Creates seven Cardinals notwithstanding the opposition of the Imperialists and the sacred College p. 264 He proposes a Reformations of the Church but it has no Success p. 265 He falls into a rage upon occasion of some Demands made to him by the Ambassadour of Poland p. 266 Sends Cardinal Caraffa his Nephew Legate into France p. 267 He breaks with the Emperour and undertakes a War which proved fatal to him p. 268 Being overcome he makes Peace like a Conguerour p. 271 He revenges himself on his Nephews for the bad success of his Enterprises p. 272 Will not acknowledge Ferdinand for Emperour p. 274 His death attended with ignominious marks of the hatred that the People bore towards him p. 279 Paul Gregoriani Bishop of Zagabria in Sclavonia sent to the Council with Frederick Nausens Bishop of Vienna by the King of the Romans p. 198 Peace betwixt the Emperour and King of France revives the Proposals of a Council p. 56 A Peace concluded betwixt the Emperour and King of France is broken off by Pope Paul IV. p. 267 Penance and Extreme Vnction handled in the fourteenth Session p. 218 Opposition of the Divines to the Decrees concerning Penance of which the President takes no notice p. 221 Philip II. King of Spain labours to settle the Inquisition in the Low Countries p. 277 Erects three Archbishopricks and several Bishopricks ibid. Vses great Cruelties in Spain against Protestants p. 280 Pius IV. called before Giovanni Angelo de Medicis mounts the Pontifical Chair p. 281 Reconciles himself to the Emperour to whom he acknowledges his Predecessour had done wrong ibid. Declares his design of restoring the Council p. 282 Solicites the King of France to take Geneva p. 284 Being afraid of a National Council he resolves to call a General Council p. 285 Forms the Bull of Convocation and again chuses the City of Trent p. 290 He sends Nuncio's to the Protestants to invite them to the Council p. 293 Names the Legates who were to preside in the Council and sends them away p. 295 After many delays at length will have the Council opened p. 305 Is allarmed at the Attempts of the Spaniards and is distrustfull of his Legates p. 334 Is amazed at the Demands of the Germans proposed to the Council about Reformation and thinks of providing for his own Security p. 343 Receives an abstract of the Demands of the Germans and French concerning Reformation p. 411 Is allarmed that the King of France sends the Cardinal of Lorrain to the Council p. 419 Proceeds against five French Bishops suspected of Heresie and against the Queen of Navarre The King of France opposes it p. 566 The Confirmation of the Council is demanded of him All are not agreed in that p. 575 He falls dangerously sick which hastens the Conclusion of the Council p. 580 The Council demands his Confirmation about which some Prelates disagree ibid. He confirms it by a Bull. p. 588 Some months after makes a Promotion of nineteen Cardinals to reward those who had best served him in the Council p. 590 Pool Cardinal who had been Legate in the first Convocation of the Council is sent Legate into England p. 252 He gives the Parliament of England Absolution p. 255 Is made Archbishop of Canterbury p. 264 He dies the same day that Queen Mary died p. 275 The Pope will not permit the Bishops to appear in Council by Proxy p. 64 Popes have an aversion to any thing that bears the Name of Conference p. 257 Have a Custom of changing their Names upon their Promotion to the Papacy ibid. The Abbot Preval speaks freely as to the Popes Authority What happened to him thereupon p. 383 The Pope's Supremacy over other Bishops disputed p. 423 The Minute of a Decree made at Rome concerning the Authority of the Pope and Bishops rejected by the Bishops in Council p. 457 and 465 The Emperour consults about important points relating to the Pope and the Liberty of the Council p. 481 The Pope absolutely rejects the Propositions of the French p. 495 He obliges the Tribunal of the Inquisition to proceed against several French Bishops accused of Heresie p. 497 Vid. Adrian VI. Clement VII Julius III. Leo X. Marcel II. Paul IV. and Pius IV. Predestination is handled and the Council finding nothing to be censured among the Lutherans condemns seven Propositions of the Zuinglians p. 130 A strange opinion of Catarino about Predestination p. 132 Precedence causes a Contest betwixt the French and Spaniards p. 509 c. and 516 c. Priests whether inferiour to Bishops v Episcopacy Single Life of Priests p. 486 Protestants whence they have that Name p. 30 They present their Confession at Ausburg and depart without any accommodation though attempted p. 32 Despise Decrees of the Imperial Chamber of Spire p. 34 Assemble at Smalcalde ibid. Nine Articles of Doctrine touching Original sin which were imputed to them are debated in the IV. Session p. 98 They have a War with the Emperour and Pope p. 107 Their Army commanded by the Electour of Saxony and Landgrave of Hesse p. 110 They revenge themselves on the Pope p. 111 Promise to submit to the Council at the Diet of Ausburg p. 171 Prepare to send their Deputies to the Council p. 196 Find a Contradiction in what was concluded about the Eucharist p. 217 The Council will not hear them though the Emperour had past his word for it p. 230 Cruelties used against them in England by Queen Mary in France by Henry II. and in Germany by Ferdinand King of the Romans p. 256 and 257 They held their first National Synod in France p.