confessor_n day_n since_o who_o time_n the_o kingdom_n of_o england_n have_v remain_v as_o it_o do_v in_o which_o passage_n the_o author_n have_v discover_v either_o a_o great_a deal_n of_o ignorance_n or_o inadvertency_n in_o the_o history_n and_o government_n of_o his_o country_n for_o first_o he_o confess_v that_o the_o english_a saxon_n have_v a_o meeting_n which_o they_o call_v the_o assembly_n of_o the_o wife_n term_v in_o latin_a conventus_fw-la magnatum_fw-la or_o praesentia_fw-la regis_fw-la procerumque_fw-la prelatorum_fw-la collectorum_fw-la or_o in_o general_a magnum_n or_o commune_fw-la concilium_fw-la etc._n etc._n all_o which_o meeting_n may_v in_o a_o general_a sense_n be_v term_v parliament_n yet_o he_o will_v not_o allow_v there_o can_v be_v any_o parliament_n assemble_v of_o the_o general_a estate_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n for_o the_o reason_n he_o give_v we_o before_o what_o he_o mean_v by_o until_o about_o the_o time_n of_o the_o conquest_n i_o know_v not_o but_o this_o be_v certain_a that_o from_o the_o time_n of_o king_n egbert_n who_o be_v reckon_v the_o first_o monarch_n the_o great_a council_n or_o wittena_n gemore_n consist_v of_o the_o general_a estate_n of_o the_o west-saxon-kindom_n and_o if_o the_o whole_a people_n of_o england_n have_v not_o their_o representative_n there_o it_o be_v because_o they_o be_v represent_v by_o their_o tributary_n prince_n or_o king_n who_o govern_v subordinate_o to_o this_o monarch_n until_o the_o come_n of_o the_o dane_n thus_o the_o west-angle_n have_v their_o particular_a king_n in_o the_o time_n of_o king_n ethelwolf_n st._n edmund_n the_o last_o king_n be_v conquer_a by_o the_o dane_n so_o likewise_o have_v the_o mercian_n their_o king_n beorce_v their_o last_o king_n be_v drive_v out_o by_o the_o same_o invader_n about_o the_o same_o time_n and_o after_o the_o kingdom_n be_v at_o peace_n again_o and_o the_o dane_n in_o great_a part_n subdue_v or_o quiet_a king_n alfred_n reconquering_a the_o mercian-kingdom_n give_v it_o in_o marriage_n to_o a_o saxon_a nobleman_n call_v etheldred_n who_o have_v marry_v his_o daughter_n elsteda_n who_o be_v long_o after_o her_o husband_n death_n lady_n or_o queen_n of_o the_o mercian_n 857._o rerum_fw-la anglick_n scriptores_fw-la post_fw-la bedam_fw-la ed_n fra._n p._n 857._o yet_o do_v these_o feudatory_a prince_n always_o appear_v and_o make_v a_o part_n in_o the_o wittena_n gemore_n or_o great_a council_n of_o the_o monarch_n thus_o we_o may_v find_v in_o jugulphus_n that_o withlafe_a king_n of_o the_o mercian_n make_v a_o promise_n of_o the_o land_n and_o liberty_n of_o the_o abbey_n of_o croyland_n which_o he_o after_o confirm_v by_o his_o charter_n in_o prisentia_n dominorum_fw-la meorum_fw-la egberti_fw-la regis_fw-la westo-saxoniae_a &_o athelwolwafij_fw-la silij_fw-la ejus_fw-la coram_fw-la pontificibus_fw-la &_o proceribus_fw-la totius_fw-la angliae_fw-la in_fw-la civitate_fw-la lundini_fw-la ubi_fw-la omnes_fw-la congregati_fw-la sumas_fw-la pro_fw-la consilio_fw-la capiendo_fw-la contra_fw-la danicos_fw-la pyratat_fw-la littora_fw-la angliae_fw-la infestantes_fw-la which_o certain_o be_v a_o great_a council_n and_o that_o these_o king_n be_v tributary_n to_o the_o west_n saxon_a monarch_n the_o same_o author_n tell_v a_o little_a further_o that_o bertulph_n brother_n of_o witlafe_n succeed_v his_o nephew_n wimund_n 861._o id._n p._n 860_o 861._o and_o be_v tributary_n to_o athelwolf_n king_n of_o west_n saxony_n and_o by_o his_o charter_n confirm_v the_o same_o land_n and_o liberty_n to_o the_o say_a monastery_n which_o have_v be_v grant_v by_o his_o predecessor_n and_o this_o be_v do_v and_o confirm_v unanimi_fw-la consensu_fw-la totius_fw-la praesentis_fw-la concilij_fw-la hic_fw-la apud_fw-la kingsbury_n anno_fw-la incar_fw-la domini_fw-la 881._o etc._n etc._n pro_fw-la regni_fw-la negotis_fw-la congregati_fw-la and_o be_v thus_o subscribe_v ego_fw-la olflac_n pincerna_fw-la &_o legatus_fw-la domini_fw-la mei_fw-la regis_fw-la ethelwolf_n &_o filiorum_fw-la suorum_fw-la nomine_fw-la illorum_fw-la &_o omnium_fw-la westsaxonum_fw-la istum_fw-la chirographum_fw-la regis_fw-la bertulphi_n plurimum_fw-la confirmavi_fw-la ego_fw-la bertulphus_n rex_fw-la mericorum_fw-la palam_fw-la omnibus_fw-la prelatis_fw-la &_o proceribus_fw-la regni_fw-la mei_fw-la which_o show_v we_o that_o beside_o the_o general_n council_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n these_o mercian_n tributary_n king_n have_v a_o particular_a council_n or_o parliament_n of_o their_o own_o kingdom_n without_o who_o consent_n as_o also_o of_o their_o paramount_n monarch_n they_o can_v not_o part_v with_o the_o land_n and_o royalty_n belong_v to_o their_o crown_n so_o likewise_o in_o the_o same_o author_n beorced_a king_n of_o the_o mercian_n anno_fw-la domini_fw-la 868_o confirm_v his_o charter_n to_o the_o same_o monastery_n at_o snotringham_n coram_fw-la fratribus_fw-la &_o amiciss_fw-la &_o omni_fw-la populo_fw-la meo_fw-la in_o obsidione_fw-la paganorum_fw-la congregatis_fw-la to_o which_o likewise_o his_o supreme_a monarch_n elthr_v king_n of_o the_o west_n saxon_n give_v his_o consent_n and_o subscribe_v after_o the_o bishop_n the_o like_a form_n we_o find_v in_o the_o pass_n of_o all_o the_o other_o charter_n to_o this_o monastery_n quote_v by_o the_o say_a author_n which_o be_v all_o of_o they_o confirm_v by_o the_o king_n then_o reign_v &_o in_o praesentia_fw-la archiepiscop_n episcop_n procerum_fw-la or_o optimatum_fw-la regni_fw-la collectorum_fw-la and_o before_o the_o kingdom_n come_v to_o be_v unite_v under_o one_o supreme_a king_n or_o monarch_n there_o be_v also_o one_o great_a council_n or_o synod_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n where_o the_o chief_a and_o most_o powerful_a king_n or_o monarch_n of_o the_o heptarchy_n preside_v and_o in_o which_o they_o make_v their_o general_a ecclesiastical_a canon_n and_o also_o civil_a law_n that_o be_v bind_v to_o the_o whole_a people_n of_o england_n and_o to_o which_o person_n that_o have_v be_v grieve_v or_o wrong_v by_o their_o particular_a king_n appeal_v and_o be_v right_v and_o to_o this_o general_a wittena_n gemote_a that_o ancient_a writer_n will._n malmsbuny_n speak_v of_o the_o ancient_a custom_n and_o law_n of_o england_n say_v be_v make_v per_fw-la generalem_fw-la senatum_fw-la &_o populi_fw-la conventum_fw-la &_o edictum_fw-la therefore_o we_o find_v the_o first_o synod_n or_o council_n of_o clovesho_n 747._o anno_fw-la christ._n 747._o call_v by_o ethelbald_a king_n of_o the_o mercian_n who_o be_v then_o chief_a king_n or_o monarch_n as_o they_o call_v he_o of_o the_o english_a saxon_n and_o at_o which_o be_v present_v the_o say_a king_n with_o all_o his_o prince_n and_o great_a man_n pontific_a malm._n de_fw-fr gest_n pontific_a as_o also_o all_o the_o bishop_n of_o this_o island_n but_o it_o more_o plain_o appear_v in_o the_o second_o council_n hold_v at_o the_o same_o place_n call_v by_o beornulf_n king_n of_o mercia_n who_o preside_v therein_o 332._o spelman_n council_n p._n 332._o you_o will_v find_v one_o of_o the_o first_o thing_n they_o do_v be_v to_o inquire_v whether_o any_o person_n have_v be_v unjust_o deal_v with_o or_o unjust_o spoil_v or_o oppress_v whereupon_o wulfred_n archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n complain_v of_o the_o violence_n and_o avarice_n of_o kenwulf_n late_a king_n of_o the_o west_n saxon_n which_o beingful_o prove_v the_o say_a council_n order_v kenedrith_n the_o abbess_n the_o daughter_n and_o heir_n of_o the_o say_a king_n to_o make_v satisfaction_n to_o the_o say_a archbishop_n which_o be_v do_v according_o out_o of_o the_o land_n of_o the_o say_a king_n see_v it_o at_o large_a in_o spelman_n council_n and_o mr._n somner_n that_o learned_a antiquary_n in_o his_o glossary_n to_o the_o decem_fw-la scriptores_fw-la be_v clear_o of_o opinion_n 393._o spelman_n council_n pag._n 393._o that_o this_o be_v all_o one_o with_o a_o parliament_n synodus_fw-la magna_fw-la parliamentum_fw-la nuncupatur_fw-la so_o likewise_o the_o canon_n of_o the_o synod_n or_o council_n of_o catchyck_a annol_n be_v confirm_v by_o offa_n king_n of_o the_o mercian_n then_o chief_a monarch_n of_o this_o island_n tam_fw-la rex_fw-la quam_fw-la principes_fw-la svi_fw-la cum_fw-la senatoribus_fw-la terrae_fw-la decreta_fw-la signo_fw-la cracis_n firmarunt_fw-la and_o further_o that_o each_o of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o the_o heptarchy_n have_v its_o particular_a council_n or_o wittena_n gemote_n appear_v by_o that_o famous_a council_n call_v by_o ethelbert_n king_n of_o kent_n about_o six_o year_n after_o his_o reception_n of_o the_o christian_a religion_n which_o be_v call_v commine_fw-la concilium_fw-la tam_fw-la cleri_fw-la quam_fw-la populi_n and_o no_o doubt_n this_o custom_n come_v not_o in_o with_o christianity_n the_o clergy_n only_o here_o succeed_v in_o the_o room_n of_o the_o pogan_n priest_n who_o among_o the_o german_n have_v always_o a_o place_n in_o their_o common_a council_n as_o we_o find_v in_o tacitus_n 126._o see_v the_o passage_n before_o cite_v p._n spelman_n con._n pag._n 126._o so_o likewise_o the_o first_o law_n we_o have_v extant_a be_v make_v by_o ina_n king_n of_o the_o west_n saxon_n per_n common_a concilium_fw-la &_o assensum_fw-la omnium_fw-la episcoporum_fw-la &_o principum_fw-la procerum_fw-la
only_o be_v name_v in_o the_o grant_n p._n 19_o the_o author_n proceed_v to_o obviate_v a_o objection_n that_o he_o see_v may_v be_v make_v to_o his_o hypothesis_n that_o it_o may_v seem_v absurd_a that_o king_n now_o be_v father_n of_o their_o people_n since_o experience_n show_v the_o contrary_a it_o be_v true_a say_v he_o all_o king_n be_v not_o the_o natural_a parent_n of_o their_o subject_n yet_o they_o all_o either_o be_v or_o be_v to_o be_v repute_v the_o next_o heir_n to_o those_o first_o progenitor_n who_o be_v at_o first_o the_o natural_a parent_n of_o the_o whole_a people_n and_o so_o in_o their_o right_n succeed_v to_o the_o exercise_n of_o supreme_a jurisdiction_n and_o such_o heir_n be_v not_o only_a lord_n of_o their_o own_o child_n but_o of_o their_o brethren_n and_o all_o other_o that_o be_v subject_n to_o their_o father_n and_o therefore_o we_o find_v that_o god_n tell_v cain_n of_o his_o brother_n abel_n his_o desire_n shall_v be_v towards_o thou_o and_o thou_o shall_v rule_v over_o he_o according_o when_o jacob_n buy_v his_o brother_n birthright_n isaac_n bless_v he_o thus_o be_v lord_n over_o thy_o brethren_n and_o let_v the_o son_n of_o thy_o mother_n bow_v before_o thou_o p._n 20._o as_o long_o as_o the_o first_o father_n of_o family_n live_v the_o name_n of_o patriarch_n do_v apt_o belong_v unto_o they_o but_o after_o a_o few_o descent_n when_o the_o true_a fatherhood_n itself_o be_v extinct_a and_o only_o the_o right_n of_o the_o father_n descend_v upon_o the_o true_a heir_n than_o the_o title_n of_o prince_n or_o king_n be_v more_o significant_a to_o express_v the_o power_n of_o he_o who_o succeed_v only_o to_o the_o right_n of_o fatherhood_n which_o his_o ancestor_n do_v natural_o enjoy_v by_o this_o mean_v it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o many_o a_o child_n by_o succeed_v a_o king_n have_v a_o right_a of_o a_o father_n over_o many_o a_o gray-headed_a multitude_n and_o have_v the_o title_n of_o pater_fw-la patriae_fw-la it_o may_v be_v demand_v what_o become_v of_o the_o right_n of_o fatherhood_n in_o case_n the_o crown_n do_v escheat_n for_o want_n of_o a_o heir_n whether_o do_v it_o not_o then_o devolve_v to_o the_o people_n the_o answer_n be_v it_o be_v but_o the_o negligence_n or_o ignorance_n of_o the_o people_n to_o lose_v the_o knowledge_n of_o the_o true_a heir_n for_o a_o heir_n there_o be_v always_o if_o adam_n himself_o be_v still_o live_v and_o now_o ready_a to_o die_v it_o be_v certain_a that_o there_o be_v one_o man_n and_o but_o one_o in_o the_o world_n who_o be_v next_o heir_n although_o the_o knowledge_n who_o shall_v be_v that_o one_o man_n be_v quite_o lose_v p._n 21._o this_o ignorance_n of_o the_o people_n be_v admit_v it_o do_v not_o by_o any_o mean_n follow_v that_o for_o want_v of_o heir_n the_o supreme_a power_n be_v devolve_v to_o the_o multitude_n or_o that_o they_o have_v power_n to_o rule_v and_o choose_v what_o ruler_n they_o please_v no_o the_o kingly_a power_n in_o such_o case_n escheat_n to_o the_o prince_n and_o independent_a head_n of_o family_n for_o every_o kingdom_n be_v resolve_v into_o those_o part_n whereof_o at_o first_o it_o be_v make_v by_o the_o unite_n of_o great_a family_n or_o petty_a kingdom_n we_o find_v the_o great_a monarchy_n be_v at_o first_o erect_v and_o into_o such_o again_o as_o into_o their_o first_o matter_n many_o time_n they_o return_v again_o and_o because_o the_o dependency_n of_o ancient_a family_n be_v oft_o a_o obsure_n and_o worn-out_a knowledge_n there_o the_o wisdom_n of_o many_o prince_n have_v think_v fit_a to_o adopt_v those_o for_o head_n of_o family_n and_o prince_n of_o province_n who_o merit_n ability_n or_o fortune_n have_v enable_v they_o or_o make_v they_o fit_a and_o capable_a of_o such_o royal_a favour_n all_o such_o prime_a head_n and_o father_n have_v power_n to_o consent_v in_o the_o unite_n or_o confer_v of_o their_o fatherly_a right_n of_o sovereign_a authority_n on_o who_o they_o please_v and_o he_o that_o be_v so_o elect_a claim_v not_o his_o power_n as_o a_o donative_n from_o the_o people_n but_o as_o be_v substitute_v by_o god_n from_o who_o he_o receive_v his_o royal_a charter_n of_o a_o universal_a father_n though_o testify_v by_o the_o ministry_n of_o the_o head_n of_o the_o people_n p._n 22._o in_o all_o kingdom_n or_o commonwealth_n in_o the_o world_n whether_o the_o prince_n be_v the_o supreme_a father_n of_o the_o people_n or_o but_o the_o true_a heir_n of_o such_o a_o father_n p._n 23._o or_o whether_o he_o come_v to_o the_o crown_n by_o usurpation_n of_o the_o noble_n or_o of_o the_o people_n or_o by_o any_o other_o way_n whatsoever_o or_o whether_o some_o few_o or_o a_o multitude_n govern_v the_o commonwealth_n yet_o still_o the_o authority_n that_o be_v in_o any_o one_o or_o in_o many_o or_o in_o all_o these_o be_v the_o only_a right_n and_o natural_a authority_n of_o a_o supreme_a father_n there_o be_v and_o always_o shall_v be_v continue_v to_o the_o end_n of_o the_o world_n a_o natural_a right_n of_o a_o supreme_a father_n over_o a_o multitude_n although_o by_o the_o secret_a will_n of_o god_n many_o do_v at_o first_o most_o unjust_o obtain_v the_o exercise_n of_o it_o to_o confirm_v this_o natural_a right_n of_o regal_a power_n we_o find_v in_o the_o decalogue_n that_o the_o law_n which_o enjoin_v obedience_n to_o king_n be_v deliver_v in_o the_o term_n of_o honour_v thy_o father_n and_o thy_o mother_n as_o if_o all_o power_n be_v original_o in_o the_o father_n if_o obedience_n to_o parent_n be_v due_a immediate_o by_o a_o natural_a law_n and_o subjection_n to_o prince_n but_o by_o the_o mediation_n of_o a_o humane_a ordinance_n what_o reason_n be_v there_o that_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n shall_v give_v place_n to_o the_o law_n of_o man_n as_o we_o see_v the_o power_n of_o the_o father_n over_o his_o child_n gives_z place_n and_o be_v subordinate_a to_o the_o power_n of_o the_o magistrate_n p._n 24._o if_o we_o compare_v right_n of_o a_o father_n with_o those_o of_o a_o king_n we_o find_v they_o all_o one_o without_o any_o difference_n at_o all_o but_o only_o in_o the_o latitude_n or_o extent_n of_o they_o as_o the_o father_n over_o one_o family_n so_o the_o king_n as_o father_n over_o many_o family_n extend_v his_o care_n to_o preserve_v feed_v clothe_v instruct_v and_o defend_v the_o whole_a commonwealth_n his_o war_n his_o peace_n his_o court_n of_o justice_n and_o all_o his_o act_n of_o sovereignty_n tend_v only_o to_o preserve_v and_o distribute_v to_o every_o subordinate_a and_o inferior_a father_n and_o to_o their_o child_n their_o right_n and_o privilege_n so_o that_o all_o the_o duty_n of_o a_o king_n be_v sum_v up_o in_o a_o universal_a fatherly_a care_n of_o his_o people_n i_o have_v be_v so_o just_a to_o the_o author_n as_o to_o transcribe_v as_o much_o of_o his_o first_o chapter_n as_o tend_v to_o prove_v the_o original_a power_n of_o king_n as_o well_o that_o you_o may_v see_v the_o hypothesis_n which_o he_o build_v his_o divine_a right_n of_o absolute_a monarchy_n in_o his_o own_o word_n and_o so_o be_v the_o better_a able_a to_o judge_v whether_o i_o understand_v and_o answer_v he_o or_o not_o as_o because_o it_o contain_v the_o substance_n and_o strength_n of_o all_o that_o the_o author_n have_v to_o say_v in_o defence_n of_o it_o so_o that_o i_o shall_v now_o fall_v to_o examine_v whether_o his_o foundation_n will_v bear_v so_o weighty_a a_o structure_n as_o he_o have_v raise_v upon_o it_o his_o first_o argument_n against_o the_o natural_a freedom_n of_o mankind_n be_v draw_v from_o scripture_n and_o from_o bellarmine_n own_o concession_n that_o adam_n be_v and_o consequent_o every_o other_o father_n ought_v to_o be_v a_o prince_n over_o his_o posterity_n and_o as_o adam_n be_v lord_n over_o his_o child_n so_o his_o child_n under_o he_o have_v a_o power_n over_o their_o own_o child_n suberdinate_o to_o the_o first_o parent_n who_o be_v lord_n paramount_n over_o his_o child_n child_n to_o all_o generation_n as_o be_v the_o grandfather_n of_o his_o people_n so_o that_o neither_o the_o child_n of_o adam_n or_o any_o else_o can_v be_v free_a from_o subjection_n to_o their_o parent_n and_o this_o subjection_n to_o parent_n be_v the_o foundation_n of_o all_o legal_a authority_n by_o the_o ordination_n of_o god_n himself_o therefore_o no_o man_n can_v be_v bear_v in_o a_o state_n of_o freedom_n or_o equality_n in_o answer_n to_o which_o i_o shall_v not_o concern_v myself_o what_o bellarmine_n or_o any_o other_o have_v grant_v but_o will_v be_v glad_a to_o know_v where_o and_o how_o god_n have_v give_v this_o absolute_a power_n to_o father_n over_o their_o child_n and_o by_o what_o law_n child_n be_v tie_v to_o a_o absolute_a subjection_n or_o servitude_n to_o
and_o he_o shall_v find_v they_o manage_v much_o after_o the_o same_o rate_n nor_o have_v these_o difference_n only_o divide_v these_o monarchy_n where_o the_o succession_n be_v never_o well_o settle_v at_o first_o but_o even_o those_o that_o have_v be_v better_o constitute_v and_o where_o one_o will_v belieev_v the_o descent_n of_o the_o crown_n have_v be_v sufficient_o settle_v by_o a_o long_a descent_n of_o king_n for_o many_o hundred_o of_o year_n and_o of_o this_o scotland_n have_v be_v a_o famous_a example_n where_o after_o the_o death_n of_o king_n alexander_n iii_o and_o his_o grandaughter_n margaret_n of_o norway_n two_o or_o three_o several_a competitor_n claim_v a_o right_a to_o succeed_v but_o omit_v other_o it_o be_v agree_v that_o it_o lay_v between_o john_n baylliol_n and_o robert_n bruce_n earl_n of_o carick_n both_o of_o they_o draw_v their_o descent_n from_o david_n earl_n of_o huntingdon_n great_a uncle_n to_o the_o last_o king_n in_o who_o they_o all_o agree_v the_o right_n to_o the_o crown_n will_v have_v be_v have_v he_o survive_v baylliol_n claim_v as_o elder_a son_n to_o dornagilla_n grandaughter_n to_o margaret_n the_o elder_a daughter_n of_o the_o say_a earl_n david_n robert_n bruce_n claim_v as_o elder_a son_n of_o isabel_n the_o second_o daughter_n of_o the_o say_v david_n so_o that_o if_o baylliol_n allege_v his_o descent_n from_o the_o elder_a daughter_n bruce_n be_v not_o behindhand_o but_o plead_v though_o it_o be_v true_a he_o be_v descend_v but_o from_o the_o second_o daughter_n yet_o he_o be_v a_o grandson_n and_o a_o degree_n near_o aught_o to_o succeed_v whereas_o baylliol_n be_v but_o great_a grandson_n to_o earl_n david_n and_o though_o dornagilla_n baylliol_n mother_n be_v in_o the_o same_o degree_n with_o himself_o yet_o he_o be_v a_o man_n aught_o to_o be_v prefer_v before_o a_o woman_n in_o the_o same_o line_n and_o that_o if_o the_o law_n of_o scotland_n will_v have_v give_v it_o to_o dornagilla_n if_o it_o have_v be_v a_o ordinary_a inheritance_n yet_o descent_n of_o the_o crown_n be_v not_o to_o be_v rule_v by_o the_o common_a law_n of_o other_o inheritance_n in_o short_a this_o dispute_n do_v so_o divide_v the_o nobility_n into_o faction_n and_o puzzle_v the_o estate_n of_o the_o kingdom_n that_o not_o be_v able_a to_o decide_v it_o they_o and_o all_o the_o competitor_n agree_v to_o refer_v the_o controversy_n to_o edward_n i._o king_n of_o england_n one_o of_o the_o wise_a and_o most_o powerful_a prince_n of_o his_o time_n who_o upon_o long_a advice_n and_o debate_n with_o twelve_o of_o the_o learnede_a man_n of_o both_o kingdom_n at_o last_o adjudge_v the_o crown_n to_o baylliol_n or_o as_o the_o scotch_a historian_n relate_v because_o he_o will_v do_v he_o homage_n for_o it_o which_o bruce_n be_v of_o a_o high_a spirit_n refuse_v yet_o this_o do_v not_o put_v a_o end_n to_o this_o great_a controversy_n for_o though_o baylliol_n be_v thereupon_o admit_v king_n yet_o fall_v out_o not_o long_o after_o with_o king_n edward_n to_o who_o he_o owe_v all_o his_o greatness_n and_o have_v the_o worst_a of_o it_o the_o nobility_n and_o state_n of_o scotland_n revive_v bruce_n title_n and_o declare_v he_o king_n who_o after_o a_o long_a war_n with_o england_n enjoy_v the_o crown_n quiet_o at_o last_o and_o leave_v it_o to_o his_o issue_n who_o posterity_n in_o our_o present_a king_n enjoy_v it_o to_o this_o day_n to_o this_o i_o shall_v add_v one_o example_n more_o from_o portugal_n within_o these_o hundred_o year_n king_n henry_n call_v the_o cardinal_n die_v without_o issue_n there_o be_v a_o great_a controversy_n who_o shall_v succeed_v for_o he_o die_v sudden_o just_a as_o the_o state_n of_o the_o kingdom_n be_v assemble_v to_o settle_v the_o succession_n for_o he_o declare_v himself_o unable_a to_o decide_v it_o so_o that_o he_o only_o leave_v by_o his_o will_n twelve_o governor_n of_o the_o kingdom_n who_o shall_v govern_v during_o the_o interregnum_fw-la but_o that_o the_o crown_n shall_v descend_v to_o he_o that_o shall_v appear_v to_o they_o to_o have_v the_o best_a title_n four_o eminent_a competitor_n put_v in_o their_o claim_n 1._o antonio_n call_v the_o bastard_n who_o nevertheless_o pretend_v that_o he_o be_v lawful_a son_n to_o don_n lewis_n second_o brother_n to_o henry_n the_o last_o king_n so_o that_o he_o have_v no_o more_o to_o do_v but_o to_o prove_v himself_o legitimate_a 2._o alexander_n duke_n of_o parma_n who_o claim_v as_o grandson_n to_o mary_n elder_a daughter_n to_o don_n duarte_n young_a brother_n to_o the_o last_o king_n henry_n and_o son_n to_o king_n emanuel_n 3._o the_o duke_n of_o braganza_n who_o claim_v as_o son_n to_o katherine_n second_o daughter_n of_o the_o say_a don_n duarte_n yet_o allege_v his_o title_n to_o be_v best_a because_o he_o be_v the_o next_o of_o the_o bloud-royal_a who_o be_v a_o native_a of_o portugal_n as_o the_o heir_n of_o the_o crown_n as_o he_o pretend_v aught_o to_o be_v by_o a_o fundamental_a law_n of_o that_o kingdom_n yet_o it_o seem_v that_o law_n be_v not_o then_o so_o well_o know_v or_o otherwise_o there_o be_v no_o reason_n why_o these_o governor_n shall_v not_o have_v admit_v he_o king_n as_o soon_o as_o ever_o they_o meet_v 4._o philip_n the_o second_o king_n of_o spain_n who_o claim_v as_o son_n to_o isabel_n daughter_n of_o emanuel_n king_n of_o portugal_n and_o so_o a_o degree_n near_o than_o the_o rest_n to_o henry_n the_o last_o king_n the_o state_n and_o governor_n differ_v the_o state_n be_v dissolve_v and_o during_o their_o recess_n the_o governor_n not_o agree_v among_o themselves_o the_o king_n of_o spain_n raise_v a_o army_n and_o enter_v portugal_n seize_v the_o city_n of_o lisbon_n and_o consequent_o all_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o kingdom_n submit_v to_o he_o and_o so_o make_v himself_o king_n by_o force_n and_o yet_o we_o have_v see_v in_o his_o grandson_n time_n the_o estate_n of_o portugal_n declare_v this_o title_n void_a and_o the_o crown_n settle_v in_o the_o posterity_n of_o the_o duke_n of_o braganza_n who_o still_o enjoy_v it_o by_o virtue_n of_o this_o fundamental_a law_n and_o that_o this_o fundamental_a law_n can_v not_o be_v alter_v but_o by_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o cortes_n or_o state_n appear_v by_o the_o late_a alteration_n of_o this_o constitution_n upon_o the_o treaty_n of_o marriage_n of_o the_o present_a prince_n regent_n daughter_n with_o the_o duke_n of_o savoy_n and_o how_o much_o even_a king_n themselves_o have_v attribute_v to_o the_o authority_n of_o their_o estate_n appear_v by_o the_o league_n make_v between_o philip_n the_o long_a king_n of_o france_n and_o david_n king_n of_o scot_n wherein_o this_o condition_n be_v express_v that_o if_o there_o shall_v happen_v any_o difference_n about_o the_o succession_n in_o either_o of_o these_o realm_n he_o of_o the_o two_o king_n which_o remain_v alive_a shall_v not_o suffer_v any_o to_o place_n himself_o on_o the_o throne_n but_o he_o who_o shall_v have_v the_o judgement_n of_o the_o estate_n of_o his_o side_n and_o then_o he_o shall_v with_o all_o his_o power_n oppose_v he_o who_o will_v after_o this_o contest_v for_o the_o crown_n so_o that_o our_o author_n without_o cause_n lay_v the_o fault_n upon_o the_o wilful_a ignorance_n of_o the_o people_n in_o not_o remember_v or_o acknowledge_v the_o right_a heir_n of_o the_o crown_n when_o the_o able_a and_o wise_a man_n of_o the_o age_n they_o live_v in_o can_v not_o by_o the_o mere_a law_n of_o nature_n and_o reason_n determine_v which_o be_v he_o and_o our_o author_n shall_v have_v do_v well_o to_o have_v set_v down_o some_o certain_a rule_n how_o the_o people_n may_v be_v assure_v without_o a_o positive_a law_n before_o make_v that_o they_o acknowledge_v the_o right_a heir_n and_o not_o a_o usurper_n to_o his_o prejudice_n chap._n ii_o observation_n on_o the_o direction_n for_o obedience_n in_o doubtful_a time_n and_o other_o place_n of_o his_o patriarcha_fw-la and_o other_o treatise_n but_o since_o this_o author_n rather_o than_o the_o disposal_n of_o a_o crown_n shall_v fall_v to_o the_o decision_n of_o the_o people_n or_o state_n of_o the_o kingdom_n will_v give_v a_o usurper_n a_o good_a right_n to_o it_o against_o all_o person_n but_o he_o that_o have_v the_o right_a we_o will_v now_o examine_v how_o much_o of_o that_o be_v true_a which_o he_o lay_v down_o in_o his_o direction_n for_o obedience_n to_o governor_n in_o doubtful_a time_n and_o how_o far_o man_n be_v bind_v in_o conscience_n to_o obey_v a_o usurper_n whilst_o he_o that_o have_v right_o be_v keep_v out_o by_o he_o first_o he_o take_v it_o for_o grant_v that_o all_o those_o that_o so_o eager_o strive_v for_o a_o original_a power_n to_o be_v in_o the_o people_n do_v with_o one_o accord_n acknowledge_v that_o original_o the_o supreme_a power_n be_v
and_o if_o that_o condescent_n be_v a_o act_n of_o grace_n do_v not_o this_o condescent_n to_o a_o limitation_n come_v from_o the_o free_a determination_n of_o the_o monarch_n will_n if_o he_o either_o formal_o or_o virtual_o as_o the_o author_n suppose_v desert_n his_o absolute_a or_o arbitrary_a power_n which_o he_o have_v by_o conquest_n or_o other_o right_n which_o last_o word_n of_o mr._n h._n though_o i_o confess_v they_o be_v ill_o express_v yet_o i_o see_v no_o down_n right_a contradiction_n in_o the_o sense_n mr._n h._n mean_v they_o if_o any_o man_n please_v to_o consult_v he_o he_o there_o say_v that_o a_o monarch_n may_v either_o be_v limit_v by_o original_a constitution_n or_o a_o after_o condescent_n therefore_o these_o word_n the_o sole_a mean_n of_o sovereignty_n be_v the_o consent_n and_o fundamental_a contract_n be_v not_o mean_v of_o a_o limit_a monarchy_n any_o more_o than_o of_o another_o but_o of_o any_o sovereignty_n whatever_o so_o likewife_n though_o these_o word_n a_o secundary_a original_a constitution_n may_v seem_v to_o be_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d and_o to_o destroy_v each_o other_o yet_o as_o the_o author_n explain_v himself_o you_o will_v find_v they_o do_v not_o in_o sense_n for_o he_o only_o suppose_v that_o a_o prince_n who_o have_v a_o absolute_a arbitrary_a power_n either_o by_o succession_n or_o election_n find_v it_o not_o so_o safe_a and_o easy_a as_o he_o conceive_v it_o will_v be_v for_o he_o if_o he_o come_v to_o new_a term_n with_o his_o people_n will_v desert_n some_o of_o that_o despotic_a power_n and_o govern_v by_o let_v rule_n or_o law_n which_o he_o oblige_v himself_o and_o his_o successor_n by_o oath_n or_o some_o other_o condition_n never_o to_o make_v or_o alter_v without_o the_o consent_n of_o his_o subject_n i_o see_v not_o why_o this_o may_v not_o in_o one_o sense_n be_v call_v a_o second_o original_a constitution_n for_o he_o be_v at_o first_o a_o absolute_a king_n by_o which_o be_v the_o original_a constitution_n and_o his_o come_n to_o new_a term_n with_o they_o may_v be_v term_v in_o respect_n of_o this_o a_o secundary_a original_a constitution_n or_o agreement_n of_o the_o government_n though_o found_v upon_o the_o former_a old_a right_n which_o the_o monarch_n have_v to_o govern_v as_o for_o a_o king_n by_o conquest_n it_o can_v indeed_o in_o respect_n of_o he_o be_v proper_o call_v a_o secundary_a constitution_n since_o the_o conqueror_n have_v no_o right_a to_o claim_v a_o absolute_a subjection_n from_o the_o subject_n until_o they_o submit_v to_o he_o so_o as_o that_o they_o may_v not_o drive_v he_o out_o again_o if_o they_o be_v able_a until_o he_o come_v to_o some_o term_n with_o they_o thus_o i_o think_v no_o sober_a man_n but_o will_v maintain_v that_o the_o people_n of_o england_n may_v lawful_o have_v drive_v out_o william_n i._o call_v the_o conqueror_n suppose_v he_o have_v claim_v by_o no_o other_o title_n but_o conquest_n alone_o which_o when_o he_o have_v swear_v to_o observe_v and_o maintain_v all_o the_o law_n and_o liberty_n of_o the_o people_n of_o england_n and_o have_v be_v thereupon_o crown_v and_o receive_v as_o king_n and_o have_v quit_v his_o pretension_n by_o conquest_n or_o force_n and_o have_v take_v the_o oath_n and_o homage_n of_o the_o clergy_n nobility_n and_o people_n they_o can_v not_o then_o without_o rebellion_n endeavour_v to_o do_v and_o certain_o have_v he_o not_o think_v his_o title_n by_o conquest_n not_o so_o good_a as_o the_o other_o of_o king_n edward_n testament_n he_o will_v never_o have_v quit_v the_o former_a and_o swear_v to_o observe_v the_o law_n of_o his_o predecessor_n so_o likewise_o henry_n i._o paris_n mat._n paris_n from_o who_o all_o the_o king_n and_o queen_n of_o england_n have_v since_o claim_v upon_o his_o election_n and_o coronation_n for_o other_o title_n he_o have_v none_o grant_v a_o charter_n whereby_o he_o renounce_v divers_a illegal_a practice_n which_o flatterer_n may_v call_v prerogative_n which_o his_o father_n and_o brother_n have_v exercise_v contrary_a to_o king_n edward_n law_n and_o their_o own_o coronation_n oath_n so_o that_o here_o be_v a_o example_n of_o one_o of_o the_o author_n absolute_a monarch_n who_o by_o a_o right_n of_o conquest_n may_v pretend_v to_o the_o exercise_n of_o a_o arbitrary_a power_n yet_o renounce_v it_o and_o only_o retain_v so_o much_o as_o may_v serve_v for_o the_o well_o govern_v of_o his_o subject_n and_o his_o own_o security_n it_o be_v not_o therefore_o true_a which_o this_o author_n affirm_v that_o this_o accept_v of_o so_o much_o power_n as_o the_o people_n please_v to_o give_v he_o since_o they_o neither_o desire_v nor_o do_v he_o grant_v they_o any_o more_o but_o those_o just_a right_n they_o have_v long_o before_o enjoy_v under_o their_o former_a king_n before_o his_o father_n come_v into_o england_n however_o i_o conceive_v this_o wise_a prince_n be_v of_o the_o opinion_n of_o theopompus_n king_n of_o lacedaemon_n lycurgo_n plut._n in_o lycurgo_n who_o when_o his_o wife_n upbraid_v he_o that_o he_o will_v leave_v the_o royal_a dignity_n to_o his_o son_n less_o than_o he_o find_v it_o no_o rather_o reply_v he_o great_a as_o more_o durable_a and_o therefore_o plutarch_n in_o the_o same_o place_n ascribe_v the_o long_a continuance_n of_o the_o lacedaemonian_a kingdom_n to_o the_o limit_a power_n of_o their_o king_n in_o these_o word_n '_o and_o indeed_o when_o envy_n be_v remove_v from_o king_n together_o with_o excess_n of_o power_n it_o follow_v that_o they_o have_v no_o cause_n to_o fear_v that_o which_o happen_v to_o the_o king_n of_o the_o massenians_n and_o argive_n from_o their_o subject_n but_o because_o this_o author_n tell_v mr._n h._n that_o if_o we_o shall_v ask_v what_o proof_n or_o example_n he_o have_v to_o justify_v his_o doctrine_n of_o a_o limit_a monarchy_n in_o the_o constitution_n he_o will_v be_v as_o mute_a as_o a_o fish_n we_o will_v show_v two_o or_o three_o example_n of_o the_o antiquity_n of_o such_o limit_a monarchy_n though_o they_o be_v not_o of_o the_o same_o model_n with_o those_o that_o be_v at_o this_o day_n find_v among_o the_o german_n and_o other_o northern_a nation_n descend_v from_o thence_o in_o macedon_n the_o king_n descend_v of_o caranus_n as_o callisthenes_n say_v in_o arrian_n do_v obtain_v a_o empire_n over_o the_o macedonian_n not_o by_o force_n but_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d by_o law_n so_o curtius_n lib._n iu._n the_o macedonian_n be_v use_v to_o kingly_a government_n but_o in_o a_o great_a appearance_n of_o liberty_n than_o other_o nation_n for_o it_o be_v certain_a the_o life_n of_o their_o subject_n be_v not_o at_o their_o disposal_n as_o appear_v from_o the_o same_o author_n lib._n vi_o the_o army_n by_o a_o ancient_a custom_n of_o the_o macedonian_n do_v judge_n of_o capital_a cause_n i._n e._n in_o time_n of_o war_n but_o in_o peace_n it_o belong_v to_o the_o people_n the_o power_n of_o their_o king_n signify_v little_a unless_o his_o authority_n be_v before_o of_o some_o force_n and_o this_o be_v by_o original_a constitution_n for_o we_o do_v not_o find_v that_o ever_o the_o king_n of_o macedon_n alter_v any_o thing_n in_o their_o original_a constitution_n yet_o they_o have_v the_o sovereignty_n in_o most_o thing_n and_o their_o person_n be_v sacred_a so_o likewise_o among_o the_o ancient_a roman_n where_o romulus_n from_o a_o captain_n of_o volunteer_n become_v a_o king_n dyonisius_n halicar_n lib._n ii_o tell_v we_o that_o after_o romulus_n have_v make_v a_o speech_n to_o his_o soldier_n and_o follower_n to_o this_o effect_n that_o he_o leave_v it_o to_o they_o to_o consider_v what_o government_n they_o will_v choose_v for_o whatsoever_o they_o pitch_v upon_o he_o shall_v submit_v to_o it_o and_o though_o he_o do_v think_v himself_o unworthy_a the_o principality_n yet_o he_o shall_v not_o refuse_v to_o obey_v their_o command_n conclude_v that_o he_o think_v it_o a_o honour_n for_o he_o to_o have_v be_v declare_v the_o leader_n of_o so_o great_a a_o colony_n and_o to_o have_v a_o city_n call_v by_o his_o name_n whereupon_o the_o people_n after_o some_o deliberation_n among_o themselves_o choose_v he_o their_o king_n or_o limit_a monarch_n since_o both_o the_o senate_n and_o people_n have_v from_o the_o very_a beginning_n their_o particular_a share_n in_o the_o government_n the_o senate_n make_v this_o great_a counsel_n which_o yet_o be_v for_o the_o great_a part_n of_o they_o choose_v out_o of_o the_o patrician_n by_o the_o tribe_n 11._o dyon_n hal._n lib._n 11._o and_o curiae_fw-la with_o these_o he_o consult_v and_o refer_v all_o business_n of_o lesser_a moment_n which_o he_o do_v not_o care_n to_o dispatch_v himself_o for_o be_v reserve_v to_o himself_o the_o last_o appeal_n in_o cause_n and_o to_o be_v pontifex_n maximus_n or_o chief_a priest_n and_o preserver_n
of_o the_o law_n and_o custom_n of_o their_o country_n as_o also_o to_o be_v chief_n general_n in_o war_n but_o to_o the_o people_n be_v reserve_v these_o three_o privilege_n to_o create_v magistrate_n to_o ordain_v law_n and_o to_o decree_v peace_n and_o war_n the_o king_n refer_v it_o to_o they_o so_o that_o the_o authority_n of_o the_o senate_n do_v join_v in_o these_o thing_n though_o this_o custom_n be_v change_v for_o now_o the_o senate_n do_v not_o confirm_v the_o decree_n of_o the_o people_n but_o the_o people_n those_o of_o the_o senate_n but_o he_o add_v both_o dignity_n and_o power_n to_o the_o senate_n that_o they_o shall_v judge_v those_o thing_n which_o the_o king_n refer_v to_o they_o by_o major_a part_n of_o the_o vote_n and_o this_o he_o borrow_v from_o the_o lacedaemonian_a commonwealth_n for_o the_o lacedaemonian_a king_n be_v not_o at_o their_o own_o liberty_n to_o do_v whatever_o they_o please_v but_o the_o senate_n have_v power_n in_o matter_n appertain_v to_o the_o commonwealth_n but_o because_o these_o example_n may_v seem_v too_o stale_a or_o remote_a let_v we_o now_o consider_v all_o the_o kingdom_n that_o have_v be_v erect_v upon_o the_o ruin_n of_o the_o roman_a empire_n by_o those_o northern_a nation_n that_o overran_a it_o and_o see_v if_o there_o be_v so_o much_o as_o one_o kingdom_n among_o they_o that_o be_v not_o limit_v as_o for_o the_o kingdom_n of_o the_o goth_n and_o vandal_n erect_v in_o italy_n africa_n and_o spain_n the_o author_n confess_v they_o be_v limit_v or_o rather_o mix_v since_o their_o king_n be_v depose_v by_o the_o people_n whenever_o they_o displease_v they_o so_o likewise_o for_o the_o successor_n of_o those_o gothick_n prince_n in_o castille_n portugal_n arragon_n and_o navarre_n and_o the_o other_o kingdom_n of_o spain_n he_o that_o will_v read_v the_o history_n of_o those_o kingdom_n will_v find_v they_o to_o have_v be_v all_o limit_a or_o rather_o mix_v and_o to_o have_v have_v assembly_n of_o the_o estate_n xviii_o mariana_n lib._n xviii_o without_o who_o consent_n those_o king_n can_v ancient_o neither_o make_v law_n nor_o raise_v money_n upon_o their_o subject_n and_o as_o for_o arragon_n in_o particular_a they_o have_v a_o popular_a magistrate_n call_v the_o chief_n justiciary_a who_o do_v in_o all_o case_n oppose_v and_o cancel_v the_o order_n and_o judgement_n of_o the_o king_n himself_o where_o they_o exceed_v the_o just_a bound_n of_o his_o power_n and_o be_v contrary_a to_o the_o law_n though_o indeed_o now_o since_o the_o time_n of_o ferdinand_n and_o isabel_n the_o king_n rely_v upon_o their_o own_o power_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o gold_n and_o silver_n they_o receive_v from_o the_o judge_n and_o the_o great_a addition_n of_o territory_n have_v presume_v to_o infringe_v many_o of_o their_o just_a right_n and_o privilege_n and_o as_o for_o the_o kingdom_n erect_v by_o franc_n in_o germany_n and_o gaul_n which_o we_o now_o call_v german_a empire_n and_o kingdom_n of_o france_n as_o for_o the_o former_a any_o one_o that_o willread_o the_o ancient_a french_a and_o german_a historian_n will_v find_v that_o the_o king_n of_o germany_n can_v not_o do_v any_o thing_n of_o moment_n not_o so_o much_o as_o declare_v a_o successor_n without_o the_o consent_n of_o their_o great_a counsel_n of_o nobility_n and_o clergy_n and_o as_o to_o the_o latter_a as_o absolute_a as_o it_o seem_v at_o present_a it_o be_v a_o few_o age_n past_a almost_o as_o much_o limit_v if_o not_o more_o than_o its_o neighbour_n for_o the_o king_n of_o france_n can_v not_o ancient_o make_v law_n raise_v any_o public_a war_n wherein_o the_o nobility_n and_o people_n be_v bind_v to_o assist_v he_o or_o levy_v tax_n upon_o their_o subject_n without_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o estate_n but_o those_o assembly_n be_v at_o first_o discontinue_v by_o reason_n of_o the_o continual_a war_n which_o henry_n v._n and_o henry_n the_o vi_o king_n of_o england_n make_v upon_o they_o 7._o phil._n com._n livre_fw-fr vi_o cap._n 7._o to_o which_o mezeray_v in_o his_o history_n tell_v we_o france_n owe_v the_o loss_n of_o its_o liberty_n and_o the_o change_n of_o its_o law_n in_o who_o time_n they_o give_v their_o king_n charles_n vii_o a_o power_n to_o raise_v money_n without_o they_o which_o trick_n when_o once_o find_v out_o appear_v so_o sweet_a to_o his_o successor_n that_o they_o will_v never_o full_o part_v with_o it_o again_o and_o lewis_n the_o xi_o by_o weaken_v his_o nobility_n and_o people_n by_o constant_a taxation_n and_o maintain_v faction_n among_o they_o brag_v that_o he_o have_v metre_n les_fw-fr roys_n du_fw-fr france_n xviii_o com._n liv._o v._o chap._n xviii_o bring_v the_o king_n of_o france_n horse_n du_fw-fr page_n or_o out_o of_o worship_n whereas_o the_o author_n last_o mention_v remark_n that_o he_o may_v have_v say_v with_o more_o truth_n les_fw-fr mettredu_fw-fr sense_n horse_n et_fw-fr de_fw-fr la_fw-fr raison_fw-fr and_o yet_o we_o find_v in_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o reign_n of_o charles_n viii_o the_o assembly_n of_o the_o estate_n give_v that_o king_n the_o sum_n of_o two_o million_o and_o a_o half_a of_o franc_n and_o promise_v he_o after_o two_o year_n they_o will_v supply_v he_o again_o it_o seem_v comines_n in_o the_o same_o place_n do_v not_o look_v upon_o this_o as_o a_o thing_n quite_o go_v and_o out_o of_o fashion_n since_o he_o then_o esteem_v this_o as_o the_o only_a just_a and_o legal_a way_n of_o raise_v money_n in_o that_o kingdom_n as_o appear_v by_o these_o word_n immediate_o after_o be_v it_o towards_o such_o object_n as_o these_o mean_v the_o nobility_n and_o people_n that_o the_o king_n be_v to_o insist_v upon_o his_o prerogative_n and_o take_v at_o his_o pleasure_n what_o they_o be_v ready_a to_o give_v will_v it_o not_o be_v more_o just_a both_o towards_o god_n and_o the_o world_n to_o raise_v money_n this_o way_n than_o by_o violence_n and_o force_v nor_o be_v there_o any_o prince_n who_o can_v raise_v money_n any_o other_o way_n unless_o by_o violence_n and_o force_v and_o contrary_a to_o the_o law_n so_o likewise_o in_o the_o same_o chapter_n speak_v of_o those_o who_o be_v against_o the_o assembly_n of_o the_o estate_n at_o that_o time_n that_o there_o be_v some_o but_o those_o neither_o considerable_a for_o quality_n or_o virtue_n who_o say_v that_o it_o be_v a_o diminution_n to_o the_o king_n authority_n to_o talk_v of_o assemble_v the_o estate_n and_o no_o less_o than_o treason_n against_o he_o but_o it_o be_v they_o themselves_o who_o commit_v that_o crime_n against_o god_n the_o king_n and_o their_o country_n and_o those_o who_o use_v these_o expression_n be_v such_o as_o be_v in_o authority_n without_o desert_n unfit_a for_o any_o thing_n but_o flattery_n whisper_v trifle_n and_o story_n into_o the_o ear_n of_o their_o master_n which_o make_v they_o apprehensive_a of_o these_o assembly_n lest_o they_o shall_v take_v cognizance_n of_o they_o and_o their_o manner_n but_o i_o suppose_v it_o be_v for_o such_o honest_a expression_n as_o these_o that_o katherine_n de_fw-fr midice_n queen_n of_o france_n say_v that_o comines_n have_v make_v as_o many_o heretic_n in_o politic_n as_o calvin_n have_v do_v in_o religion_n that_o be_v because_o he_o open_v man_n eye_n and_o make_v they_o understand_v a_o little_a of_o that_o they_o call_v kingcraft_n but_o however_o in_o some_o province_n of_o france_n as_o in_o languedoc_n and_o provence_n though_o the_o king_n be_v never_o deny_v whatever_o he_o please_v to_o demand_v yet_o they_o still_o retain_v so_o much_o of_o the_o shadow_n of_o their_o ancient_a liberty_n as_o not_o to_o be_v tax_v without_o the_o consent_n of_o the._n assembly_n of_o estate_n consist_v of_o the_o nobility_n clergy_n and_o burgess_n of_o great_a town_n and_o city_n which_o however_o be_v some_o ease_n to_o they_o not_o to_o have_v their_o money_n take_v by_o edict_n so_o hungary_n which_o be_v erect_v by_o the_o huns_n a_o stirp_v of_o the_o european_a scythian_n by_o which_o you_o may_v judge_v the_o ancient_a form_n of_o government_n be_v much_o the_o same_o as_o that_o of_o the_o german_n all_o history_n grant_v that_o kingdom_n to_o have_v be_v limit_v and_o to_o be_v of_o the_o same_o form_n with_o that_o of_o the_o other_o northern_a nation_n nay_o which_o be_v more_o to_o have_v have_v a_o palatine_a who_o can_v hinder_v the_o king_n from_o ordain_v any_o thing_n contrary_a to_o the_o law_n and_o as_o for_o poland_n the_o author_n can_v deny_v but_o it_o be_v limit_v in_o many_o thing_n but_o as_o he_o only_o take_v notice_n of_o those_o thing_n in_o which_o the_o king_n have_v power_n so_o he_o omit_v most_o of_o those_o in_o which_o he_o have_v none_o as_o in_o raise_v of_o money_n or_o make_v law_n without_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o diet._n so_o
that_o he_o have_v no_o more_o understanding_n but_o it_o will_v be_v our_o crime_n and_o we_o alone_o be_v punishable_a if_o we_o shall_v obey_v such_o a_o command_n and_o it_o be_v only_o upon_o this_o supposition_n whether_o the_o sufficiency_n of_o the_o protection_n of_o our_o law_n and_o the_o integrity_n of_o the_o judge_n declare_v in_o the_o 14_o of_o his_o now_o majesty_n reign_n by_o the_o act_n concern_v the_o militia_n be_v full_a that_o it_o be_v a_o traitorous_a position_n that_o arm_n may_v be_v take_v by_o his_o majesty_n authority_n against_o his_o person_n or_o against_o those_o commissioned_n by_o he_o in_o persuance_n of_o military_a commission_n because_o they_o suppose_v the_o king_n will_v not_o make_v use_n of_o the_o militia_n for_o the_o destruction_n but_o the_o preservation_n of_o the_o subject_n just_a right_n and_o because_o all_o officer_n of_o the_o army_n or_o militia_n be_v at_o their_o peril_n to_o take_v notice_n whether_o their_o order_n be_v according_a to_o law_n or_o not_o for_o they_o put_v it_o thus_o though_o to_o take_v free_a quarter_n or_o to_o hang_v a_o man_n by_o martial-law_n in_o time_n of_o war_n be_v lawful_a yet_o to_o do_v so_o in_o time_n of_o peace_n though_o in_o the_o king_n name_n be_v robbery_n and_o murder_n and_o of_o this_o opinion_n be_v that_o ancient_a book_n call_v the_o mirror_n of_o justice_n chap._n 1._o sect._n 10._o de_fw-fr larcine_n en_fw-fr cest_fw-fr peche_n viz._n robbery_n chiont_a tont_n ceux_fw-fr que_fw-fr pernont_fw-fr let_v autrun_v per_fw-mi l'_fw-fr authorite_n del_fw-it roy_fw-fr en_fw-fr let_v autre_fw-fr grand_fw-fr seigneur_fw-fr sans_fw-fr le_fw-fr gree_n de_fw-fr ceux_fw-fr aux_fw-fr queux_fw-fr les_fw-fr biens_fw-fr sont_fw-fr into_o this_o crime_n viz._n robbery_n all_o those_o do_v fall_v who_o take_v the_o good_n of_o another_o by_o the_o authority_n of_o the_o king_n or_o any_o other_o great_a lord_n without_o their_o consent_n '_o nor_o i_o dare_v fay_fw-fr will_v any_o honest_a well_o mean_v subject_a be_v discontent_v if_o in_o case_n of_o extreme_a necessity_n or_o some_o sudden_a danger_n the_o king_n shall_v somewhat_o exceed_v his_o prerogative_n for_o the_o defence_n of_o the_o kingdom_n further_o than_o the_o law_n will_v allow_v since_o in_o matter_n of_o private_a concern_v a_o man_n will_v not_o be_v angry_a with_o his_o agent_n or_o factor_n who_o he_o hatâ—â—mpowered_v to_o look_v after_o his_o business_n in_o another_o country_n if_o the_o agent_n perceive_v the_o person_n for_o who_o he_o be_v entrust_v do_v not_o understand_v how_o his_o concern_v in_o that_o place_n stand_v and_o that_o the_o affair_n will_v not_o permit_v he_o to_o send_v again_o for_o far_a order_n if_o he_o act_v contrary_a to_o his_o first_o instruction_n since_o if_o he_o do_v not_o his_o friend_n or_o master_n business_n will_v be_v lose_v much_o more_o in_o the_o case_n of_o a_o king_n who_o beside_o the_o people_n concern_v with_o which_o he_o be_v entrust_v have_v likewise_o his_o own_o crown_n and_o dignity_n at_o stake_n so_o likewise_o a_o king_n will_v easy_o pardon_v a_o subject_a who_o upon_o a_o sudden_a insurrection_n or_o invasion_n raise_v force_n and_o march_n against_o the_o enemy_n without_o stay_v for_o a_o commission_n and_o when_o a_o prince_n have_v so_o well_o satisfy_v his_o subject_n that_o he_o never_o intend_v to_o make_v use_n of_o this_o prerogative_n but_o for_o the_o good_a and_o preservation_n of_o his_o people_n he_o may_v do_v almost_o what_o he_o please_v and_o no_o body_n will_v be_v concern_v and_o this_o make_a queen_n elizabeth_n meet_v with_o that_o great_a affection_n and_o confidence_n that_o she_o do_v throughout_o her_o whole_a reign_n for_o though_o she_o sometime_o exercise_v as_o high_a act_n of_o prerogative_n as_o some_o of_o her_o predecessor_n yet_o she_o have_v the_o good_a luck_n to_o have_v scarce_o any_o of_o they_o question_v in_o parliament_n because_o the_o whole_a nation_n be_v satisfy_v she_o act_v for_o the_o best_a and_o seek_v no_o other_o end_n but_o the_o public_a good_a and_o safety_n of_o the_o kingdom_n which_o have_v she_o permit_v spain_n to_o have_v swallow_v up_o france_n and_o the_o low-countries_n it_o will_v have_v be_v a_o hard_a task_n to_o persuade_v they_o but_o mr._n h._n proceed_v in_o the_o same_o paragraph_n and_o suppose_v that_o redressment_n by_o petition_n fail_v that_o be_v that_o the_o judge_n either_o do_v not_o or_o will_v not_o act_v according_a to_o their_o oath_n then_o if_o the_o exorbitancy_n '_o or_o transgression_n be_v mortal_a to_o the_o government_n prevention_n by_o resistance_n ought_v to_o be_v and_o if_o it_o be_v apparent_a and_o appeal_v be_v make_v to_o the_o conscience_n of_o mankind_n than_o the_o fundamental_a law_n of_o that_o monarchy_n must_v judge_n and_o pronounce_v sentence_n in_o every_o man_n conscience_n and_o every_o man_n so_o far_o as_o concern_v he_o must_v follow_v the_o evidence_n of_o truth_n in_o his_o own_o sense_n to_o oppose_v or_o not_o oppose_v according_a as_o he_o can_v in_o conscience_n acquit_v or_o condemn_v the_o act_n of_o the_o governor_n or_o monarch_n this_o our_o author_n find_v fault_n with_o '_o first_n concern_v the_o lay_v open_a of_o illegal_a command_n he_o will_v have_v mr._n h_n meaning_n to_o be_v that_o each_o private_a man_n in_o his_o peculiar_a case_n shall_v make_v a_o public_a remonstrance_n to_o the_o world_n of_o the_o illegal_a act_n of_o the_o monarch_n and_o then_o if_o upon_o his_o petition_n he_o can_v be_v relieve_v according_a to_o his_o desire_n he_o ought_v to_o make_v resistance_n whereupon_o the_o author_n will_v know_v who_o can_v be_v judge_n whether_o the_o illegality_n be_v make_v sufficient_o apparent_a it_o be_v a_o main_a point_n since_o every_o man_n be_v prone_a to_o flatter_v himself_o in_o his_o own_o cause_n and_o to_o think_v it_o good_a and_o that_o the_o wrong_n or_o injustice_n he_o suffer_v be_v apparent_a when_o moderate_a and_o indifferent_a man_n can_v discover_v no_o such_o thing_n and_o in_o this_o case_n the_o judgement_n of_o the_o common_a people_n can_v be_v gather_v or_o know_v by_o any_o possible_a mean_n or_o if_o it_o can_v it_o be_v like_a to_o be_v various_a and_o erroneous_a in_o which_o annimadversion_n of_o our_o author_n he_o first_o lay_v that_o to_o mr._n h_n charge_n which_o he_o do_v no_o where_n affirm_v that_o every_o particular_a subject_n when_o injure_v shall_v make_v a_o public_a remonstrance_n to_o the_o people_n but_o only_o lay_v it_o open_v to_o the_o monarch_n or_o his_o judge_n that_o represent_v he_o by_o petition_n and_o sure_o there_o be_v a_o great_a deal_n of_o difference_n between_o a_o petition_n and_o a_o remonstrance_n he_o do_v not_o say_v that_o every_o single_a subject_n fail_v of_o redress_n by_o petition_n aught_o to_o make_v resistance_n in_o his_o own_o case_n for_o he_o before_o suppose_v the_o exorbitant_a act_n or_o transgression_n not_o to_o be_v mortal_a &_o such_o as_o suffer_v dissolve_v the_o frame_n of_o the_o government_n and_o public_a liberty_n and_o that_o in_o such_o light_a case_n for_o the_o public_a peace_n we_o ought_v to_o submit_v and_o make_v no_o resistance_n at_o all_o but_o de_fw-la jure_fw-la cedere_fw-la which_o can_v never_o fall_v out_o as_o long_o as_o this_o transgression_n or_o exorbitance_n extend_v itself_o only_o to_o some_o particular_a man_n 2._o our_o author_n will_v have_v no_o particular_a man_n to_o be_v judge_n in_o his_o own_o cause_n i_o grant_v it_o if_o by_o judge_n he_o mean_v execution_n too_o by_o public_a resistance_n otherwise_o a_o man_n pass_v his_o judgement_n or_o declare_v it_o that_o he_o think_v himself_o injure_v suppose_v by_o a_o decree_n in_o chancery_n or_o act_n of_o parliament_n do_v not_o disturb_v the_o government_n or_o public_a peace_n but_o he_o may_v if_o he_o please_v bring_v his_o appeal_n or_o a_o new_a bill_n in_o parliament_n and_o have_v the_o unjust_a decree_n or_o act_n reverse_v which_o he_o can_v never_o do_v if_o he_o do_v believe_v he_o ought_v not_o to_o make_v the_o injustice_n or_o illegality_n of_o this_o act_n or_o decree_n apparent_a to_o those_o that_o be_v to_o give_v he_o redress_v but_o if_o this_o exorbitant_a act_n or_o transgression_n be_v general_a and_o press_n upon_o all_o alike_o i_o deny_v that_o the_o judgement_n of_o the_o common_a people_n can_v be_v gather_v or_o know_v by_o any_o possible_a mean_n or_o if_o it_o can_v it_o be_v like_a to_o be_v various_a and_o erroneous_a for_o suppose_v the_o illegal_a act_n be_v so_o public_o declare_v that_o for_o the_o future_a all_o tax_n shall_v be_v raise_v without_o consent_n of_o parliament_n or_o that_o all_o menshould_n be_v try_v for_o their_o life_n without_o jury_n i_o will_v fain_o know_v whether_o the_o judgement_n not_o only_o of_o the_o commonalty_n but_o of_o all_o
the_o people_n may_v not_o be_v easy_o know_v though_o not_o gather_v by_o vote_n or_o whether_o it_o will_v be_v various_a and_o erroneous_a in_o these_o case_n fr_n the_o people_n though_o they_o do_v not_o argue_v so_o subtle_o as_o our_o author_n do_v yet_o in_o their_o sense_n of_o feel_v when_o wrong_v or_o hurt_v be_v seldom_o mistake_v then_o our_o author_n be_v angry_a that_o mr._n h._n will_v have_v a_o appeal_v make_v to_o the_o conscience_n of_o all_o mankind_n that_o be_v make_v that_o the_o fundamental_a law_n must_v judge_n and_o pronounce_v sentence_n in_o every_o man_n own_o conscience_n here_o he_o will_v fain_o learn_v of_o mr._n h._n or_o any_o other_o for_o he_o what_o a_o fundamental_a law_n be_v or_o else_o have_v but_o one_o law_n name_v to_o he_o that_o any_o man_n shall_v say_v be_v a_o fundamental_a law_n of_o the_o monarchy_n well_o to_o do_v the_o author_n friend_n a_o pleasure_n since_o he_o be_v dead_a himself_o i_o will_v name_v one_o that_o he_o himself_o will_v deny_v to_o be_v one_o in_o this_o monarchy_n and_o that_o be_v that_o the_o crown_n upon_o the_o death_n of_o the_o king_n shall_v descend_v to_o the_o next_o heir_n and_o so_o we_o have_v one_o fundamental_a law_n and_o i_o hope_v there_o may_v be_v more_o but_o he_o say_v mr._n h._n tell_v we_o '_o that_o the_o common_a law_n be_v the_o foundation_n and_o the_o statute_n law_n superstructive_a yet_o our_o author_n think_v that_o mr._n h._n dare_v say_v '_o that_o there_o be_v any_o one_o branch_n or_o part_n of_o the_o common_a law_n but_o may_v be_v take_v away_o by_o act_n of_o parliament_n for_o many_o point_n of_o the_o common-law_n de_fw-la facto_fw-la have_v and_o de_fw-fr jure_fw-la any_o point_n may_v be_v take_v away_o how_o can_v that_o be_v call_v a_o fundamental_a which_o have_v and_o may_v be_v remove_v and_o yet_o the_o statute_n law_n stand_v firm_a and_o stable_a it_o be_v contrary_a to_o the_o nature_n of_o a_o fundamental_a for_o the_o building_n to_o stand_v when_o the_o foundation_n be_v take_v away_o all_o which_o be_v mere_a wrangle_n about_o the_o metaphor_n of_o a_o foundation_n and_o a_o superstructure_n as_o if_o such_o expression_n require_v a_o absolute_a physical_a truth_n as_o they_o do_v in_o the_o thing_n from_o which_o they_o be_v take_v it_o be_v already_o grant_v that_o all_o law_n in_o a_o limit_a government_n but_o those_o of_o nature_n and_o right_a reason_n be_v alterable_a because_o the_o governman_n itself_o be_v so_o and_o in_o respect_n of_o which_o alone_o they_o may_v be_v call_v fundamental_a or_o foundation_n of_o the_o government_n but_o these_o be_v alter_v it_o will_v cease_v to_o be_v the_o same_o kind_n of_o government_n it_o be_v before_o i_o will_v not_o affirm_v but_o the_o people_n of_o this_o nation_n may_v give_v away_o their_o present_a right_n of_o not_o have_v any_o law_n make_v or_o tax_n impose_v upon_o they_o without_o their_o consent_n or_o of_o not_o be_v perpetual_o keep_v in_o prison_n or_o put_v to_o death_n without_o legal_a trial._n but_o these_o be_v alter_v it_o will_v cease_v to_o be_v limit_v and_o turn_v to_o a_o absolute_a monarchy_n and_o all_o statute_n concern_v any_o of_o these_o will_v be_v so_o far_o superstructive_n as_o to_o signify_v nothing_o when_o the_o foundation_n be_v take_v away_o and_o indeed_o how_o any_o statute_n law_n make_v by_o parliament_n can_v signify_v any_o thing_n when_o the_o parliament_n be_v go_v i_o know_v not_o since_o all_o law_n after_o that_o will_v depend_v upon_o the_o sole_a will_n of_o the_o monarch_n his_o second_o reason_n be_v '_o that_o the_o common-law_n be_v general_o acknowledge_v to_o be_v nothing_o else_o but_o common_a usage_n or_o custom_n which_o by_o length_n of_o time_n only_o obtain_v authority_n so_o that_o it_o follow_v in_o time_n after_o government_n but_o can_v go_v before_o it_o or_o be_v the_o rule_n of_o government_n by_o any_o original_a radical_a constitution_n which_o be_v not_o true_a as_o the_o author_n have_v lay_v it_o down_o for_o all_o the_o part_n of_o the_o common-law_n do_v not_o depend_v upon_o mere_a custom_n or_o usage_n take_v up_o after_o the_o government_n institute_v and_o therefore_o his_o consequence_n that_o follow_v from_o this_o be_v false_a for_o some_o part_n of_o the_o common-law_n of_o england_n be_v without_o doubt_n as_o ancient_a as_o the_o government_n itself_o thus_o though_o some_o part_n of_o our_o common-law_n may_v have_v proceed_v from_o some_o late_a custom_n or_o particular_a judgement_n and_o resolution_n of_o the_o judge_n in_o several_a age_n yet_o without_o doubt_n property_n in_o good_n and_o land_n and_o estate_n of_o inheritance_n and_o the_o manner_n of_o their_o descent_n be_v as_o ancient_a since_o they_o come_v over_o with_o our_o saxon_a ancestor_n as_o the_o government_n itself_o since_o some_o of_o the_o law_n as_o that_o brethren_n by_o the_o half-blood_n shall_v not_o be_v heir_n to_o each_o other_o that_o a_o estate_n shall_v rather_o escheat_n then_o ascend_v to_o the_o father_n upon_o the_o death_n of_o he_o can_v only_o proceed_v from_o the_o custom_n of_o the_o ancient_a saxon_n for_o certain_o have_v we_o not_o be_v use_v to_o they_o we_o shall_v scarce_o allow_v they_o to_o be_v reasonable_a but_o it_o be_v in_o nothing_o more_o visible_a then_o in_o those_o tenor_n which_o the_o modern_a civilian_n call_v feudat_fw-la which_o l._n ca._n 3._o §_o 23._o grotius_n tell_v we_o be_v not_o to_o be_v find_v but_o among_o the_o german_n and_o those_o nation_n derive_v from_o they_o as_o both_o our_o saxon_n and_o angles_n be_v 40._o tacit._n de_fw-fr mor._n ger._n cap._n 40._o so_o likewise_o that_o fundamental_a constitution_n of_o order_v all_o public_a affair_n in_o general_a council_n or_o assembly_n of_o the_o man_n of_o note_n and_o those_o that_o have_v a_o share_n in_o the_o land_n de_fw-fr minoribus_fw-la rebus_fw-la principes_fw-la consultant_fw-la de_fw-la majoribus_fw-la omnes_fw-la ita_fw-la tamen_fw-la ut_fw-la ex_fw-la qnoque_fw-la quorum_fw-la penes_fw-la plebem_fw-la arbitrium_fw-la est_fw-la apud_fw-la principes_fw-la praetractantur_fw-la in_o this_o great_a council_n they_o try_v offender_n in_o capital_a crime_n 12._o id._n cap._n 12._o licet_fw-la apud_fw-la concilium_fw-la accusare_fw-la queque_fw-la &_o discrimen_fw-la capitis_fw-la intendere_fw-la nor_o be_v the_o power_n of_o their_o king_n or_o prince_n absolute_a as_o appear_v by_o the_o passage_n in_o the_o same_o author_n 7_o id._n cap._n 7_o nec_fw-la regibus_fw-la infinita_fw-la aut_fw-la libera_fw-la potestas_fw-la etc._n etc._n speak_v of_o the_o manner_n of_o their_o hold_v these_o public_a council_n after_o silence_n command_v by_o the_o priest_n mox_fw-la rex_fw-la 11._o id._n cap._n 11._o vel_fw-la princeps_fw-la prout_fw-la aetas_fw-la cuique_fw-la prout_fw-la nobilitas_fw-la prout_fw-la decus_fw-la bellorum_fw-la prout_fw-la facundia_fw-la est_fw-la audiuntur_fw-la autoritate_fw-la suadendi_fw-la magis_fw-la quam_fw-la jubendi_fw-la and_o though_o our_o first_o saxon_n king_n may_v have_v more_o confer_v on_o they_o then_o this_o yet_o it_o be_v altogether_o improbable_a that_o heng_a and_o the_o rest_n of_o those_o prince_n who_o erect_v a_o heptarchy_n in_o this_o island_n come_v hither_o not_o as_o monarch_n over_o subject_n but_o as_o leader_n of_o volunteer_n who_o go_v to_o seek_v a_o new_a country_n shall_v be_v so_o fond_a of_o a_o government_n they_o never_o know_v as_o to_o give_v these_o their_o genneral_n a_o absolute_a despetick_a power_n over_o their_o person_n and_o estate_n which_o they_o never_o have_v in_o their_o own_o country_n and_o by_o which_o liberty_n they_o have_v so_o long_o defend_v it_o against_o the_o utmost_a effect_n of_o the_o roman_a empire_n therefore_o say_v the_o same_o author_n ne_o parthi_a quidem_fw-la sepius_fw-la admonuere_fw-la 37._o id._n cap._n 37._o quip_n regno_fw-la arsacis_fw-la acrior_fw-la est_fw-la germanorum_n libertas_n the_o sense_n of_o which_o be_v the_o parthian_n themselves_o have_v not_o often_o rebuke_v we_o for_o the_o german-liberty_n be_v hard_a to_o be_v deal_v with_o then_o the_o monarchy_n of_o arsaces_n 117._o pat._n p._n 116_o 117._o and_o as_o for_o the_o antiquity_n and_o usefulness_n of_o these_o great_a council_n the_o author_n himself_o have_v confess_v enough_o for_o our_o purpose_n though_o he_o will_v not_o have_v our_o parliament_n ancient_a than_o about_o '_o the_o time_n of_o the_o conquest_n because_o until_o those_o day_n we_o can_v hear_v it_o be_v entire_o unite_v into_o one_o kingdom_n but_o it_o be_v either_o divide_v into_o several_a kingdom_n or_o govern_v by_o several_a law_n as_o when_o julius_n caesar_n land_a he_o find_v four_o king_n in_o kent_n the_o saxon_n divide_v we_o into_o seven_o kingdom_n and_o when_o they_o be_v unite_v into_o a_o monarchy_n they_o have_v the_o dane_n for_o their_o companion_n or_o master_n in_o the_o empire_n till_o edward_n the_o
comitum_fw-la &_o omnium_fw-la sapientum_fw-la seniorum_fw-la &_o populorum_fw-la totius_fw-la regni_fw-la and_o whoever_o will_v but_o examine_v the_o say_a collection_n of_o sr._n henry_n spelman_n will_v find_v almost_o all_o the_o ecclesiastical_a constitution_n confirm_v if_o not_o make_v in_o the_o wittena_n gemote_a the_o great_a synod_n or_o council_n so_o that_o what_o this_o author_n say_v of_o the_o difference_n of_o the_o law_n and_o custom_n of_o the_o several_a kingdom_n during_o the_o heptarchy_n make_v nothing_o against_o we_o as_o long_o as_o we_o can_v prove_v that_o in_o the_o main_a the_o government_n of_o they_o all_o be_v alike_o in_o the_o three_o great_a liberty_n of_o the_o subject_n viz._n trial_n by_o a_o man_n equal_n and_o absolute_a propriety_n in_o land_n and_o good_n which_o the_o king_n can_v not_o just_o take_v from_o they_o and_o a_o right_a to_o join_v in_o the_o make_n of_o all_o law_n and_o raise_v public_a tax_n or_o contribution_n for_o war._n so_o that_o without_o doubt_v these_o wittena_n gemote_n or_o great_a council_n be_v ordain_v for_o some_o noble_a and_o high_a purpose_n then_o either_o to_o give_v the_o king_n advice_n what_o war_n to_o make_v or_o what_o law_n to_o make_v or_o bare_o to_o remonstrate_v their_o grievance_n as_o this_o and_o some_o other_o modern_a author_n will_v have_v it_o for_o what_o king_n will_v call_v so_o great_a a_o multitude_n those_o ancient_a parliament_n consist_v of_o to_o be_v his_o councillor_n or_o will_v call_v together_o the_o whole_a body_n of_o a_o nation_n only_o to_o be_v make_v acquaint_v with_o their_o grievance_n which_o he_o may_v have_v know_v with_o great_a ease_n to_o himself_o and_o less_o charge_n to_o the_o subject_n by_o have_v they_o find_v by_o the_o grand_a inquest_n in_o the_o county-court_n and_o so_o to_o have_v be_v present_v to_o he_o by_o the_o earl_n or_o alderman_n of_o each_o particular_a county_n whereas_o we_o find_v these_o great_a council_n employ_v in_o business_n of_o a_o high_a nature_n such_o as_o the_o confirmation_n of_o the_o king_n charter_n the_o propose_v of_o law_n the_o election_n of_o archbishop_n &_o other_o great_a officer_n so_o that_o the_o high_a any_o man_n will_v look_v back_o the_o more_o large_a &_o uncontrollable_a he_o will_v find_v the_o power_n of_o this_o great_a assembly_n since_o before_o the_o conquest_n and_o afterward_o too_o we_o find_v they_o to_o have_v often_o elect_v king_n when_o the_o child_n of_o their_o last_o king_n be_v either_o minor_n or_o suppose_a unfit_a to_o govern._n so_o that_o whoever_o will_v take_v the_o pain_n to_o consult_v our_o ancient_a saxon_a and_o english_a historian_n will_v find_v that_o there_o be_v never_o ancient_o any_o fundamental_a or_o unalterable_a law_n of_o succession_n nor_o be_v it_o fix_v for_o any_o two_o descent_n in_o a_o right_a line_n from_o father_n to_o son_n without_o interruption_n until_o henry_n the_o three_o and_o then_o it_o last_v so_o but_o four_o generation_n reckon_v he_o for_o the_o first_o and_o as_o for_o these_o particular_a law_n or_o custom_n the_o author_n mention_n whether_o king_n edgar_n or_o alfred_n first_o collect_v they_o as_o be_v also_o correct_v and_o confirm_v by_o both_o the_o edward_n to_o wit_n the_o elder_a and_o the_o confessor_n they_o still_o owe_v their_o authority_n to_o the_o king_n 1â—9_n vi._n lambert_n de_fw-fr priscis_fw-la anglorum_fw-la legibus_fw-la p._n 1â—9_n and_o his_o baron_n and_o his_o people_n as_o malmesbury_n before_o assert_n as_o for_o the_o danish_a law_n they_o never_o prevail_v but_o in_o those_o country_n which_o the_o dane_n entire_o conquer_a which_o consist_v most_o of_o they_o as_o norfolk_n suffolk_z and_o cambridge-shire_n but_o as_o for_o the_o rest_n of_o england_n it_o be_v govern_v by_o its_o own_o law_n and_o enjoy_v its_o ancient_a custom_n in_o the_o reign_n of_o king_n knute_n and_o his_o successor_n of_o the_o danish_a race_n 146._o see_v the_o charter_n of_o k._n knute_n quote_v by_o mr._n peâ—yt_n in_o his_o say_a treatise_n pag._n 146._o but_o to_o come_v to_o the_o author_n next_o reason_n why_o there_o can_v be_v no_o fundamental_a law_n in_o this_o kingdom_n viz._n because_o the_o common_a law_n be_v unwritten_a doubtful_a and_o difficult_a can_v but_o be_v a_o uncertain_a rule_n to_o govern_v by_o which_o be_v against_o the_o nature_n of_o a_o rule_n which_o always_o ought_v to_o be_v certain_a this_o be_v almost_o the_o same_o argument_n as_o the_o papist_n make_v use_n of_o against_o the_o scripture_n be_v a_o rule_n of_o faith_n only_o their_o reason_n be_v that_o the_o scripture_n be_v obscure_a because_o they_o be_v write_v and_o need_v a_o expositor_n viz._n the_o church_n or_o tradition_n but_o with_o author_n it_o be_v contrary_a the_o law_n be_v doubtful_a because_o unwritten_a whereas_o all_o that_o understand_v any_o thing_n of_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o law_n of_o england_n know_v very_o well_o that_o the_o common_a law_n who_o authority_n depend_v not_o on_o any_o set_a form_n of_o word_n but_o the_o sense_n and_o reason_n of_o the_o law_n be_v much_o less_o doubtful_a and_o make_v few_o dispute_n then_o the_o statute-law_n but_o though_o it_o be_v grant_v that_o many_o thing_n in_o the_o common_a law_n be_v doubtful_a and_o difficult_a yet_o in_o the_o main_n and_o fundamental_a part_n of_o it_o but_o just_a now_o recite_v it_o be_v plain_a enough_o as_o the_o scripture_n though_o doubtful_a or_o obscure_a in_o some_o thing_n yet_o be_v plain_a and_o certain_a in_o all_o point_n necessary_a for_o salvation_n and_o why_o it_o be_v hard_a for_o a_o ordinary_a country_n fellow_n in_o a_o civil_a government_n to_o know_v when_o he_o be_v condemn_v to_o be_v hang_v without_o trial_n or_o to_o have_v his_o good_n or_o money_n take_v from_o he_o by_o a_o fellow_n in_o a_o red-coat_n without_o any_o law_n then_o for_o he_o to_o judge_n in_o the_o state_n of_o nature_n when_o another_o man_n lie_v with_o his_o wife_n or_o go_v about_o to_o rob_v or_o murder_v he_o i_o know_v not_o his_o last_o reason_n against_o make_v common_a law_n only_o to_o be_v the_o foundation_n when_o magna_n charta_n be_v exclude_v from_o be_v according_a to_o mr._n h._n a_o fundamental_a law_n and_o also_o all_o '_o other_o statute_n from_o be_v limitation_n to_o monarchy_n since_o the_o fundamental_a law_n only_o be_v to_o be_v judge_n and_o these_o be_v statute_n law_n or_o superstructure_n this_o be_v also_o mere_a sophistry_n since_o no_o man_n in_o metaphor_n or_o similitude_n ever_o expect_v a_o absolute_a truth_n but_o what_o if_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la be_v fundamental_a law_n before_o either_o king_n stephen_n or_o king_n john_n grant_v it_o and_o that_o they_o do_v but_o restore_v what_o some_o of_o their_o predecessor_n have_v before_o by_o oppression_n take_v from_o their_o subject_n since_o there_o be_v little_a or_o none_o of_o it_o but_o be_v part_n of_o king_n edward_n law_n and_o consequent_o the_o ancient_a saxon_a law_n before_o the_o conquest_n and_o the_o like_a may_v be_v say_v of_o all_o other_o constitution_n in_o limit_a monarchy_n as_o suppose_v in_o denmark_n the_o crown_n which_o be_v before_o elective_a be_v now_o by_o the_o concession_n of_o the_o estate_n become_v successive_a i_o believe_v no_o man_n of_o this_o author_n opinion_n will_v deny_v that_o this_o be_v not_o now_o a_o fundamental_a law_n in_o that_o kingdom_n and_o can_v never_o be_v alter_v without_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o king_n and_o the_o estate_n and_o yet_o this_o be_v a_o law_n that_o follow_v after_o the_o government_n be_v institute_v nor_o can_v i_o see_v any_o reason_n why_o this_o rule_n may_v not_o hold_v as_o well_o on_o the_o people_n side_n as_o the_o king_n why_o rule_n of_o play_n may_v not_o be_v make_v as_o well_o after_o the_o gamester_n be_v in_o at_o play_n as_o when_o they_o first_o begin_v and_o may_v not_o be_v as_o well_o call_v fundamental_a law_n of_o the_o game_n since_o if_o they_o be_v not_o observe_v it_o may_v be_v lawful_a for_o any_o of_o the_o gamester_n to_o fling_v up_o his_o card_n and_o play_v no_o more_o though_o he_o be_v at_o play_n with_o the_o author_n natural_a monarch_n his_o own_o father_n but_o our_o author_n will_v not_o leave_v off_o so_o but_o must_v give_v we_o one_o stab_a paragraph_n more_o against_o fundamental_a law_n which_o be_v thus_o '_o true_o the_o conscience_n of_o all_o mankind_n be_v a_o pretty_a large_a tribunal_n for_o these_o fundamental_a law_n to_o pronounce_v sentence_n in_o it_o be_v very_o much_o that_o law_n which_o in_o their_o own_o nature_n be_v dumb_a and_o always_o need_v a_o judge_n to_o pronounce_v sentence_n shall_v now_o be_v able_a to_o speak_v and_o pronounce_v sentence_n themselves_o such_o a_o sentence_n sure_o must_v
please_v because_o i_o have_v oblige_v myself_o to_o it_o by_o compact_n and_o i_o be_o oblige_v to_o follow_v this_o man_n will_n because_o he_o can_v enjoin_v i_o thus_o by_o his_o supreme_a authority_n but_o supreme_a and_o absolute_a be_v not_o one_o and_o the_o same_o thing_n for_o that_o denote_v the_o absense_n of_o a_o superior_a or_o a_o equal_a in_o the_o same_o order_n or_o degree_n but_o this_o a_o faculty_n of_o exercise_v any_o right_n by_o a_o man_n be_v own_o judgement_n and_o will_n but_o what_o if_o there_o be_v add_v a_o commissary_n clause_n that_o if_o he_o shall_v do_v otherwise_o he_o shall_v forfeit_v his_o kingdom_n as_o the_o arogonians_n of_o old_a after_o the_o king_n have_v swear_v to_o their_o privilege_n do_v promise_v he_o obedience_n in_o this_o manner_n 12._o with_fw-mi hotomani_fw-la frarcogallia_fw-la c._n 12._o we_o who_o be_v of_o as_o great_a power_n as_o thou_o do_v create_v thou_o our_o king_n and_o lord_n on_o this_o condition_n that_o thou_o observe_v our_o law_n and_o privilege_n if_o otherwise_o not_o here_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o a_o absolute_a king_n can_v be_v he_o to_o who_o the_o kingdom_n be_v thus_o commit_v under_o a_o commissary_n clause_n or_o condition_n but_o that_o this_o king_n may_v have_v for_o all_o this_o a_o regal_a power_n though_o limit_v i_o see_v no_o reason_n to_o the_o contrary_a for_o although_o we_o grant_v a_o temporary_a authority_n can_v be_v acknowledge_v for_o supreme_a because_o it_o depend_v upon_o a_o potestative_a condition_n and_o which_o can_v never_o be_v in_o the_o prince_n power_n yet_o a_o king_n of_o this_o sort_n abovementioned_a be_v not_o therefore_o subject_a to_o the_o power_n of_o the_o people_n with_o who_o the_o cognizance_n be_v whether_o he_o keep_v his_o oath_n or_o not_o for_o beside_o that_o such_o a_o commissary_n clause_n be_v wont_a to_o comprehend_v only_o such_o plain_a thing_n which_o be_v evident_a to_o any_o man_n sense_n and_o so_o be_v not_o liable_a to_o dispute_v so_o that_o this_o power_n of_o take_v cognizance_n do_v not_o at_o all_o suppose_v any_o jurisdiction_n by_o which_o the_o action_n of_o the_o king_n as_o a_o subject_a may_v be_v judge_v but_o be_v nothing_o else_o than_o a_o bare_a declaration_n whereby_o any_o man_n take_v notice_n that_o his_o manifest_a right_n be_v violate_v by_o another_o see_v grotius_n lib._n 1._o cap._n 3._o §_o 16._o and_o baecler_n upon_o he_o who_o be_v both_o of_o the_o same_o opinion_n grotius_n indeed_o in_o the_o same_o place_n speak_v more_o obscure_o when_o he_o say_v that_o the_o obligation_n arise_v from_o the_o promise_n of_o king_n do_v either_o fall_n upon_o the_o exercise_n of_o the_o act_n or_o also_o direct_o upon_o the_o very_a power_n of_o it_o if_o he_o act_v contrary_a to_o promise_n of_o the_o former_a sort_n the_o act_n may_v be_v call_v unjust_a and_o yet_o be_v valid_a if_o against_o those_o of_o the_o latter_a it_o be_v also_o void_a as_o if_o he_o shall_v have_v say_v sometime_o a_o king_n promise_v not_o to_o use_v part_n of_o his_o supreme_a authority_n but_o after_o ascertain_v manner_n and_o sometime_o he_o plain_o renounce_v some_o part_n thereof_o concern_v which_o there_o be_v two_o thing_n to_o be_v observe_v first_o that_o also_o some_o act_n may_v be_v void_a which_o be_v perform_v contrary_a to_o a_o obligation_n of_o the_o former_a sort_n as_o for_o example_n if_o a_o king_n swear_v not_o to_o impose_v any_o tax_n without_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o estate_n i_o suppose_v that_o such_o tax_n which_o the_o king_n shall_v levy_v by_o his_o own_o will_v alone_o to_o bevoid_a second_o that_o in_o the_o latter_a form_n the_o part_n of_o the_o supreme_a power_n be_v divide_v but_o that_o the_o nature_n of_o limit_a kingdom_n may_v more_o thorough_o be_v understand_v it_o be_v to_o be_v observe_v that_o the_o affair_n which_o occur_v in_o govern_v a_o commonwealth_n be_v of_o two_o kind_n for_o of_o some_o of_o they_o it_o may_v be_v agree_v beforehand_o because_o whenever_o they_o happen_v they_o be_v still_o but_o of_o the_o same_o nature_n but_o of_o other_o a_o certain_a judgement_n can_v be_v make_v but_o at_o the_o time_n present_a whether_o they_o be_v beneficial_a to_o the_o public_a or_o not_o for_o that_o those_o circumstance_n which_o accompany_v they_o can_v be_v forseen_v yet_o concern_v both_o that_o people_n may_v provide_v that_o he_o to_o who_o they_o have_v commit_v this_o limit_a kingdom_n shall_v not_o depart_v from_o the_o common_a good_a in_o the_o former_a whilst_o it_o prescribe_v perpetual_a law_n or_o condition_n which_o the_o king_n shall_v be_v oblige_v to_o observe_v in_o the_o latter_a whilst_o he_o be_v oblige_v to_o consult_v the_o assembly_n of_o his_o people_n or_o nobility_n thus_o the_o people_n be_v satisfy_v of_o the_o truth_n of_o their_o religion_n and_o what_o sort_n of_o ecclesiastical_a government_n or_o ceremony_n do_v best_a suit_n their_o genius_n so_o it_o be_v in_o sweden_n may_v condition_n with_o the_o king_n upon_o his_o inauguration_n that_o he_o shall_v not_o change_v any_o thing_n in_o religious_a matter_n by_o his_o sole_a authority_n so_o every_o body_n be_v sensible_a how_o often_o justice_n will_v be_v injure_v if_o sentence_n shall_v always_o be_v give_v by_o the_o sole_a judgement_n of_o the_o prince_n &_o ex_fw-la aequo_fw-la &_o hono_fw-la without_o any_o write_v or_o know_v law_n and_o that_o passion_n 2._o vi_o tacit_fw-la an._n l._n 13._o 4._o 2._o interest_n or_o unskilfulness_n will_v have_v too_o great_a a_o sway_n for_o avoid_v this_o inconvenience_n the_o people_n may_v oblige_v their_o king_n that_o either_o he_o shall_v compose_v a_o body_n of_o just_a law_n or_o observe_v those_o that_o be_v already_o extant_a and_o also_o that_o judgement_n be_v give_v according_a to_o those_o law_n in_o certain_a court_n or_o college_n of_o justice_n and_o that_o none_o but_o the_o most_o weighty_a cause_n shall_v come_v before_o the_o king_n by_o way_n of_o appeal_n sweden_n this_o be_v likewise_o the_o law_n of_o sweden_n so_o likewise_o since_o it_o be_v well_o know_v how_o easy_o riches_n obtain_v by_o the_o labour_n of_o other_o may_v be_v squander_v away_o by_o luxury_n or_o ambition_n therefore_o the_o subject_n good_n shall_v not_o lie_v at_o their_o prince_n mercy_n to_o sustain_v their_o lust_n some_o nation_n have_v wise_o assign_v a_o certain_a revenue_n to_o their_o prince_n such_o as_o they_o suppose_v necessary_a for_o the_o constant_a charge_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n but_o if_o great_a expense_n be_v necessary_a they_o will_v have_v those_o refer_v to_o the_o assembly_n of_o estate_n and_o since_o also_o some_o king_n be_v more_o desirous_a than_o they_o ought_v to_o be_v of_o military_a glory_n and_o run_v themselves_o into_o unnecessary_a war_n may_v put_v themselves_o and_o their_o kingdom_n in_o hazard_n therefore_o some_o of_o they_o have_v be_v so_o cautious_a that_o in_o the_o confer_v the_o regal_a dignity_n they_o have_v impose_v this_o necessity_n upon_o their_o king_n that_o if_o they_o will_v make_v offensive_a war_n upon_o their_o neighbour_n they_o shall_v first_o advise_v with_o their_o great_a council_n and_o so_o likewise_o it_o may_v be_v ordain_v concern_v other_o matter_n which_o the_o people_n judge_v necessary_a for_o the_o commonwealth_n lest_o that_o if_o a_o absolute_a power_n of_o order_v those_o thing_n be_v leave_v to_o the_o prince_n the_o common_a good_a of_o the_o people_n will_v perhaps_o be_v less_o consider_v and_o since_o the_o people_n will_v not_o leave_v to_o this_o limit_a king_n a_o absolute_a power_n in_o those_o act_n which_o be_v thus_o except_v but_o that_o a_o assembly_n either_o of_o the_o whole_a people_n or_o of_o those_o that_o represent_v they_o divide_v into_o their_o several_a order_n it_o be_v further_a to_o be_v observe_v that_o the_o power_n of_o this_o council_n or_o assembly_n be_v not_o alike_o every_o where_n for_o in_o some_o place_n the_o king_n himself_o though_o every_o where_o absolute_a may_v have_v appoint_v a_o council_n or_o senate_n without_o who_o approbation_n he_o will_v not_o have_v his_o decree_n to_o be_v valid_a which_o senate_n without_o doubt_n will_v only_o have_v the_o authority_n of_o councillor_n and_o though_o they_o may_v question_v the_o king_n grant_n or_o decree_n and_o reject_v those_o which_o they_o judge_v inconvenient_a for_o the_o commonwealth_n yet_o they_o do_v not_o this_o by_o any_o inherent_a right_n but_o by_o a_o power_n grant_v they_o from_o the_o king_n himself_o who_o will_v this_o way_n prevent_v his_o decree_a any_o thing_n through_o haste_n imprudence_n or_o the_o persuasion_n of_o flatterer_n that_o may_v prove_v hurtful_a to_o his_o state_n to_o which_o may_v be_v refer_v what_o plutarch_n mention_n in_o his_o apothegm_n '_o that_o the_o egyptian_a king_n