baron_n make_v a_o ordinance_n touch_v the_o exemption_n of_o the_o abbey_n of_o bury_n from_o the_o bishop_n of_o norwich_n in_o the_o ten_o year_n of_o the_o conqueror_n episcopi_fw-la comites_fw-la &_o barones_n regni_fw-la regius_fw-la potestate_fw-la ad_fw-la universalem_fw-la synodum_fw-la pro_fw-la causis_fw-la audiendis_fw-la &_o tractandis_fw-la convocati_fw-la say_v the_o book_n of_o westminster_n in_o the_o 2_o year_n of_o william_n 2._o there_o be_v a_o parliament_n de_fw-fr cunctis_fw-la regni_fw-la principibus_fw-la another_o which_o have_v selden_n quosque_fw-la regni_fw-la proceres_fw-la all_o the_o peer_n of_o the_o kingdom_n in_o the_o seven_o year_n be_v a_o parliament_n at_o rockingham-castle_n in_o northamptonshire_n episcopis_fw-la abbatibus_fw-la cunctique_fw-la regni_fw-la principibus_fw-la una_fw-la coeuntibus_fw-la a_o year_n or_o two_o after_o the_o same_o king_n de_fw-fr statu_fw-la regni_fw-la acturus_fw-la etc._n etc._n call_v thither_o by_o the_o command_n selden_n of_o his_o writ_n the_o bishop_n abbot_n and_o all_o the_o peer_n of_o the_o kingdom_n at_o the_o coronation_n of_o hen._n 1._o all_o the_o people_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o england_n be_v call_v and_o selden_n law_n be_v then_o make_v but_o it_o be_v per_fw-la commune_fw-la concilium_fw-la baronum_fw-la meorum_fw-la by_o the_o common_a council_n of_o my_o baron_n in_o his_o three_o year_n the_o peer_n of_o the_o kingdom_n be_v call_v without_o any_o mention_n of_o the_o commons_o selden_n and_o another_o a_o while_n after_o consensu_fw-la comitum_fw-la &_o baronum_fw-la by_o the_o consent_n of_o earl_n and_o baron_n florentius_n wigoriensis_fw-la say_v these_o be_v statute_n which_o anselm_n and_o all_o the_o other_o bishop_n in_o the_o presence_n of_o king_n henry_n by_o the_o assent_n of_o his_o baron_n ordain_v and_o in_o his_o ten_o year_n of_o earl_n and_o peer_n and_o in_o his_o 23._o of_o earl_n and_o baron_n in_o the_o year_n follow_v the_o same_o king_n hold_v a_o parliament_n or_o great_a council_n with_o his_o baron_n spiritual_a and_o temporal_a king_n hen._n 2._o in_o his_o ten_o year_n have_v a_o great_a council_n or_o parliament_n at_o clarendon_n which_o be_v a_o assembly_n of_o prelate_n and_o peer_n 22._o hen._n 2._o say_v hovenden_n be_v a_o great_a council_n at_o nottingham_n and_o by_o the_o common_a council_n of_o the_o archbishop_n bishop_n earl_n and_o baron_n the_o kingdom_n be_v divide_v into_o six_o part_n and_o again_o hovendeâ—…_n say_v that_o the_o same_o king_n at_o windsor_n apud_fw-la windâ—…_n shore_n communi_fw-la concilio_n of_o bishop_n earls_z and_o baron_n divide_v england_n into_o four_o part_n and_o in_o hiâ—…_n 21_o year_n a_o parliament_n at_o windsor_n of_o bishop_n earlâ—…_n and_o baron_n and_o another_o of_o like_a person_n at_o northampton_n king_n richard_n 1._o have_v a_o parliament_n at_o nottingham_n in_o his_o five_o year_n of_o bishop_n earls_z and_o baron_n thiâ—…_n parliament_n last_v but_o four_o day_n yet_o much_o be_v donâ—…_n in_o it_o the_o first_o day_n the_o king_n disseise_v gerard_n the_o canvil_n of_o the_o sherifwick_n of_o lincoln_n and_o hugh_n bardolâ—…_n of_o the_o castle_n and_o sherifwick_n of_o york_n the_o second_o day_n he_o require_v judgement_n against_o his_o brother_n john_n who_o be_v afterward_o king_n and_o hugh_n de_fw-fr novaâ—…_n bishop_n of_o coventry_n the_o three_o day_n be_v grant_v to_o thâ—…_n king_n of_o every_o plow-land_n in_o england_n 2_o s._n he_o require_v also_o the_o three_o part_n of_o the_o service_n of_o every_o knight_n fâ—…_n for_o his_o attendance_n into_o normandy_n and_o all_o the_o wooâ—…_n that_o year_n of_o the_o monk_n cisteaux_fw-fr which_o for_o that_o 〈◊〉_d be_v grievous_a and_o unsupportable_a they_o fine_a for_o moâ—…ny_n the_o last_o day_n be_v for_o hear_v of_o grievancesâ—…_n and_o so_o the_o parliament_n break_v up_o and_o the_o same_o yeaâ—…_n hold_v another_o at_o northampton_n of_o the_o noble_n of_o thâ—…_n realm_n king_n john_n in_o his_o five_o year_n he_o and_o his_o great_a mâ—…met_n rex_fw-la &_o magnates_fw-la convenerunt_fw-la and_o thâ—…_n selden_n roll_v of_o that_o year_n have_v commune_fw-la concilium_fw-la bâ—…ronum_fw-la meorum_fw-la the_o common_a council_n of_o my_o baronâ—…_n at_o winchester_n in_o the_o six_o year_n of_o king_n henry_n 3._o the_o nobleâ—…_n grant_v to_o the_o king_n of_o every_o knight_n fee_n two_o markâ—…_n in_o silver_n in_o the_o seven_o year_n he_o have_v a_o parliament_n at_o london_n a_o assembly_n of_o baron_n in_o his_o thirteen_o year_n a_o assembly_n of_o the_o lord_n at_o westminster_n in_o his_o fifteen_o year_n of_o noble_n both_o spiritual_a and_o temporal_a m._n par._n say_v that_o 20._o h._n 3._o congregati_fw-la sunt_fw-la magnates_fw-la ad_fw-la colloquium_fw-la de_fw-la negotiis_fw-la regni_fw-la tractaturi_fw-la the_o great_a man_n be_v call_v to_o confer_v and_o treat_v of_o the_o business_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o at_o merton_n our_o lord_n the_o king_n grant_v by_o the_o consent_n of_o his_o great_a man_n that_o hereafter_o usury_n shall_v not_o run_v against_o a_o ward_n from_o the_o death_n of_o his_o ancestor_n 21._o hen._n 3._o the_o king_n send_v his_o royal_a writ_n command_v all_o belong_v to_o his_o kingdom_n that_o be_v to_o say_v archbishop_n bishop_n abbot_n and_o prior_n install_v earl_n and_o baron_n that_o they_o shall_v all_o meet_v at_o london_n to_o treat_v of_o the_o king_n business_n touch_v the_o whole_a kingdom_n and_o at_o the_o day_n prefix_v the_o whole_a multitude_n of_o the_o noble_n of_o the_o kingdom_n meet_v at_o london_n say_v mat._n westminster_n in_o his_o 21_o year_n at_o the_o request_n and_o by_o the_o council_n of_o the_o lord_n the_o charter_n be_v confirm_v 22._o hen._n 3._o at_o winchester_n the_o king_n send_v his_o royal_a writ_n to_o archbishop_n bishop_n prior_n earl_n and_o baron_n to_o treat_v of_o business_n concern_v the_o whole_a kingdom_n 32._o hen._n 3._o the_o king_n command_v all_o the_o nobility_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n to_o be_v call_v to_o treat_v of_o the_o state_n of_o his_o kingdom_n mat._n westm_n '_o 49._o hen._n 3._o the_o king_n have_v a_o treaty_n at_o oxford_n with_o the_o peer_n of_o the_o kingdom_n m._n westminster_n at_o a_o parliament_n at_o marlborow_n 55._o hen._n 3._o statute_n be_v make_v by_o the_o assent_n of_o earl_n and_o baron_n here_o the_o place_n of_o bracton_n chief_a justice_n in_o thiâ—…_n king_n time_n be_v worth_a the_o observe_n and_o the_o ratheâ—…_n for_o that_o it_o be_v much_o insist_v on_o of_o late_a to_o make_v foâ—…_n parliament_n be_v above_o the_o king_n the_o word_n iâ—…_n bracton_n be_v the_o king_n have_v a_o superior_a god_n also_o thâ—…_n law_n by_o which_o he_o be_v make_v king_n also_o his_o court_n viz_o the_o earl_n and_o baron_n the_o court_n that_o be_v say_v iâ—…_n those_o day_n to_o be_v above_o the_o king_n be_v a_o court_n of_o earl_n and_o baron_n not_o a_o word_n of_o the_o commons_o or_o thâ—…_n representative_a body_n of_o the_o kingdom_n be_v any_o paâ—…_n of_o the_o superior_a court_n now_o for_o the_o true_a senâ—…_n of_o bractons_n word_n how_o the_o law_n and_o the_o court_n 〈◊〉_d earl_n and_o baron_n be_v the_o king_n superior_n theâ—…_n must_v of_o necessity_n be_v understand_v to_o be_v superior_n 〈◊〉_d far_o only_o as_o to_o advise_v and_o direct_v the_o king_n out_o of_o hiâ—…_n own_o grace_n and_o good_a will_v only_o which_o appeaâ—…_n plain_o by_o the_o word_n of_o bracton_n himself_o wherâ—…_n speak_v of_o the_o king_n he_o resolve_v thus_o nec_fw-la potest_fw-la 〈◊〉_d necessitatem_fw-la aliquis_fw-la imponere_fw-la quod_fw-la injuriam_fw-la svam_fw-la corrigâ—…_n &_o emendat_fw-la cum_fw-la superiorem_fw-la non_fw-la habeat_fw-la nisi_fw-la deum_fw-la 〈◊〉_d satis_fw-la ei_fw-la erit_fw-la ad_fw-la poenam_fw-la quod_fw-la dominum_fw-la expectat_fw-la ultoreâ—…_n nor_o can_v any_o man_n put_v a_o necessity_n upon_o he_o to_o correâ—…_n and_o amend_v his_o injury_n unless_o he_o will_v himself_o sinâ—…_n he_o have_v no_o superior_a but_o god_n it_o will_v be_v sufficieâ—…_n punishment_n for_o he_o to_o expect_v the_o lord_n a_o avengeâ—…_n here_o the_o same_o man_n who_o speak_v according_o to_o somâ—…mens_n opinion_n say_v the_o law_n and_o court_n of_o earl_n aâ—…_n baron_n be_v superior_a to_o the_o king_n in_o this_o place_n telâ—…_n we_o himself_o the_o king_n have_v no_o superior_a but_o god_n thâ—…_n difference_n be_v easy_o reconcile_v according_a to_o the_o dâ—…stinction_n of_o the_o schoolman_n the_o king_n be_v free_a from_o tâ—…_n coactive_a power_n of_o law_n or_o councillor_n but_o may_v be_v suâ—…ject_n to_o their_o directive_n power_n according_a to_o his_o owâ—…_n will_v that_o be_v god_n can_v only_o compel_v but_o thâ—…_n law_n and_o his_o court_n may_v advise_v he_o rot._n parliament_n 1_o hen._n 4._o nu_fw-la 79._o the_o commons_o express_o affirm_v judgement_n in_o parliament_n belong_v to_o the_o king_n and_o lord_n these_o precedent_n show_v that_o from_o the_o conquest_n until_o a_o great_a
augustissimi_fw-la caroli_n secundi_fw-la dei_fw-la gratia_n angliae_fw-la scotiae_fw-la francia_fw-la et_fw-la hiberniae_fw-la rex_fw-la bona_fw-la agere_fw-la &_o mala_fw-la pati_fw-la regium_fw-la est_fw-la page_n 1_o the_o freeholders_n grand_a inquest_n touch_v our_o sovereign_a lord_n the_o king_n and_o his_o parliament_n to_o which_o be_v add_v observation_n upon_o form_n of_o government_n together_o with_o direction_n for_o obedience_n to_o governor_n in_o dangerous_a and_o doubtful_a time_n by_o the_o learned_a sir_n robert_n filmer_n knight_n claudian_n de_fw-la laudibus_fw-la stiliconis_n fallitur_fw-la egregio_fw-la quisquis_fw-la sub_fw-la principe_fw-la credit_n servitium_n nunquam_fw-la libertas_n gratior_fw-la extat_fw-la quam_fw-la sub_fw-la rege_fw-la pio_fw-la london_n print_v in_o the_o year_n mdclxxix_o the_o author_n preface_n there_o be_v a_o general_a belief_n that_o the_o parliament_n of_o england_n be_v at_o first_o a_o imitation_n of_o the_o assembly_n of_o the_o three_o estate_n in_o france_n therefore_o in_o order_n to_o prepare_v the_o understanding_n in_o the_o recerche_n we_o have_v in_o hand_n it_o be_v proper_a to_o give_v a_o brief_a account_n of_o the_o mode_n of_o france_n in_o those_o assembly_n scotland_n and_o ireland_n be_v also_o under_o the_o dominion_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n a_o touch_n of_o the_o manner_n of_o their_o parliament_n shall_v be_v by_o way_n of_o preface_n 1._o in_o france_n the_o king_n writ_n go_v to_o the_o bailiff_n seneschal_n or_o steward_n of_o liberty_n who_o issue_n out_o warrant_v to_o all_o such_o as_o have_v fee_n and_o land_n within_o their_o liberty_n and_o to_o all_o town_n require_v all_o such_o as_o have_v any_o complaint_n to_o meet_v in_o the_o principal_a city_n there_o to_o choose_v two_o or_o three_o delegate_n in_o the_o name_n of_o that_o province_n to_o be_v present_a at_o the_o general_n assembly_n at_o the_o day_n appoint_v they_o meet_v at_o the_o principal_a city_n of_o the_o bailiwick_n the_o king_n be_v write_v be_v read_v and_o every_o man_n call_v by_o name_n and_o swear_v to_o choose_v honest_a man_n for_o the_o good_a of_o the_o king_n and_o commonwealth_n to_o be_v present_a at_o the_o general_n assembly_n as_o delegate_n faithful_o to_o deliver_v their_o grievance_n and_o demand_n of_o the_o province_n then_o they_o choose_v their_o delegate_n and_o swear_v they_o next_o they_o consult_v what_o be_v necessary_a to_o be_v complain_v of_o or_o what_o be_v to_o be_v desire_v of_o the_o king_n and_o of_o these_o thing_n they_o make_v a_o catalogue_n or_o index_n and_o because_o every_o man_n shall_v free_o propound_v his_o complaint_n or_o demand_n there_o be_v a_o chest_n place_v in_o the_o town-hall_n into_o which_o every_o man_n may_v cast_v his_o write_n after_o the_o catalogue_n be_v make_v and_o sign_v it_o be_v deliver_v to_o the_o delegate_n to_o carry_v to_o the_o general_n assembly_n all_o the_o bailiwick_n be_v divide_v into_o twelve_o class_n to_o avoid_v confusion_n and_o to_o the_o end_n there_o may_v not_o be_v too_o great_a delay_n in_o the_o assembly_n by_o the_o gather_v of_o all_o the_o vote_n every_o classis_fw-la compile_v a_o catalogue_n or_o book_n of_o the_o grievance_n and_o demand_n of_o all_o the_o bailiwick_n within_o that_o classis_fw-la than_o these_o class_n at_o the_o aslemble_o compose_v one_o book_n of_o the_o grievance_n and_o demand_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n this_o be_v the_o order_n of_o the_o proceed_n of_o the_o three_o estate_n the_o like_a order_n be_v observe_v by_o the_o clergy_n and_o nobility_n when_o the_o three_o book_n for_o the_o three_o estate_n be_v perfect_v than_o they_o present_v they_o to_o the_o king_n by_o their_o precedent_n first_o the_o precedent_n for_o the_o clergy_n begin_v his_o oration_n on_o his_o knee_n and_o the_o king_n command_v he_o stand_v up_o bareheaded_a and_o proceed_v and_o so_o the_o next_o precedent_n for_o the_o nobility_n do_v the_o like_a but_o the_o precedent_n for_o the_o commons_o begin_v and_o end_v his_o oration_n on_o his_o knee_n whilst_o the_o precedent_n for_o the_o clergy_n speak_v the_o rest_n of_o that_o order_n rise_v up_o and_o stand_v bare_a till_o they_o be_v bid_v by_o the_o king_n to_o sit_v down_o and_o be_v cover_v and_o so_o the_o like_a for_o the_o nobility_n but_o whilst_o the_o precedent_n of_o the_o commons_o speak_v the_o rest_n be_v neither_o bid_v to_o sit_v or_o be_v cover_v thus_o the_o grievance_n and_o demand_n be_v deliver_v and_o leave_v to_o the_o king_n and_o his_o counsel_n the_o general_n assembly_n of_o the_o three_o estate_n end_v atque_fw-la ita_fw-la totus_fw-la actus_fw-la concluditur_fw-la thus_o it_o appear_v the_o general_n assembly_n be_v but_o a_o orderly_a way_n of_o present_v the_o public_a grievance_n and_o demand_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n to_o the_o consideration_n of_o the_o king_n not_o much_o unlike_o the_o ancient_a usage_n of_o this_o kingdom_n for_o a_o long_a time_n when_o all_o law_n be_v nothing_o else_o but_o the_o king_n answer_n to_o the_o petition_n present_v to_o he_o in_o parliament_n as_o be_v apparent_a by_o very_a many_o statute_n parliament-roll_n and_o the_o confession_n of_o sir_n edw._n coke_n 2._o in_o scotland_n about_o twenty_o day_n before_o the_o parliament_n begin_v proclamation_n be_v make_v throughout_o the_o kingdom_n to_o deliver_v in_o to_o the_o king_n clerk_n or_o master_n of_o the_o roll_n all_o bill_n to_o be_v exhibit_v that_o session_n before_o a_o certain_a day_n then_o be_v they_o bring_v to_o the_o king_n and_o peruse_v by_o he_o and_o only_o such_o as_o he_o allow_v be_v put_v into_o the_o chancellour_n hand_n to_o be_v propound_v in_o parliament_n and_o none_o other_o and_o if_o any_o man_n in_o parliament_n speak_v of_o another_o matter_n than_o be_v allow_v by_o the_o king_n the_o chancellor_n tell_v he_o there_o be_v no_o such_o bill_n allow_v by_o the_o king_n when_o they_o have_v pass_v they_o for_o law_n they_o be_v present_v to_o the_o king_n who_o with_o his_o sceptre_n put_v into_o his_o hand_n by_o the_o chancellor_n ratify_v they_o and_o if_o there_o be_v any_o thing_n the_o king_n dislike_v they_o raze_v it_o out_o before_o 3._o in_o ireland_n the_o parliament_n as_o appear_v by_o a_o statute_n make_v in_o the_o ten_o year_n of_o hen._n 7._o c._n 4._o be_v to_o be_v after_o this_o manner_n no_o parliament_n be_v to_o be_v hold_v but_o at_o such_o season_n as_o the_o king_n lieutenant_n and_o council_n there_o do_v first_o certify_v the_o king_n under_o the_o great_a seal_n of_o that_o land_n the_o cause_n and_o consideration_n and_o all_o such_o act_n as_o they_o think_v fit_a shall_v pass_v in_o the_o say_a parliament_n and_o such_o cause_n and_o consideration_n and_o act_v affirm_v by_o the_o king_n and_o his_o council_n to_o be_v good_a and_o expedient_a for_o that_o land_n and_o his_o licence_n thereupon_o as_o well_o in_o affirmation_n of_o the_o say_a cause_n and_o act_n as_o to_o summon_v the_o parliament_n under_o his_o great_a seal_n of_o england_n have_v and_o obtain_v that_o do_v a_o parliament_n to_o be_v have_v and_o hold_v after_o the_o form_n and_o effect_v afore_o rehearse_v and_o if_o any_o parliament_n be_v hold_v in_o that_o land_n contrary_a to_o the_o form_n and_o provision_n aforesaid_a it_o be_v deem_v void_a and_o of_o none_o effect_v in_o law_n it_o be_v provide_v that_o all_o such_o bill_n as_o shall_v be_v offer_v to_o the_o parliament_n there_o shall_v first_o be_v transmit_v hither_o under_o the_o great_a seal_n of_o that_o kingdom_n and_o have_v receive_v allowane_o and_o approbation_n here_o shall_v be_v put_v under_o the_o great_a seal_n of_o this_o kingdom_n and_o so_o return_v thither_o to_o be_v prefer_v to_o the_o parliament_n by_o a_o statute_n of_o 3_o and_o 4_o of_o philip_n and_o mary_n for_o the_o expound_v of_o poynings_n act_n it_o be_v order_v for_o the_o king_n be_v pass_v of_o the_o say_a act_n in_o such_o form_n and_o tenor_n as_o they_o shall_v be_v send_v into_o england_n or_o else_o for_o the_o change_n of_o they_o or_o any_o part_n of_o they_o after_o this_o short_a narrative_a of_o the_o usage_n of_o parliament_n in_o our_o neighbour_n and_o fellow_n kingdom_n it_o be_v time_n the_o inquisitio_fw-la magna_fw-la of_o our_o own_o be_v offer_v to_o the_o verdict_n or_o judgement_n of_o a_o moderate_a and_o intelligent_a reader_n reflection_n concern_v the_o original_a of_o government_n upon_o i._n aristotle_n politic_n ii_o mr._n hobs's_fw-fr leviathan_n iii_o mr._n milton_n against_o salmasius_n iu_o h._n grotius_n de_fw-fr jure_fw-la belli_n v._o mr._n hunton_n treatise_n of_o monarchy_n vi_o another_o treatise_n of_o monarchy_n by_o a_o nameless_a author_n arist._n pol._n lib._n 4._o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d london_n print_v in_o the_o year_n mdclxxix_o the_o anarchy_n of_o a_o limit_a or_o mix_a monarchy_n or_o a_o
part_n of_o henry_n the_o three_o reign_n in_o who_o day_n it_o be_v think_v the_o writ_n for_o election_n of_o knight_n be_v frame_v which_o be_v about_o two_o hundred_o year_n and_o above_o a_o three_o part_n of_o the_o time_n since_o the_o conquest_n to_o our_o day_n the_o baron_n make_v the_o parliament_n or_o common_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n under_o the_o name_n of_o baron_n not_o only_o the_o earl_n but_o the_o bishop_n also_o be_v comprehend_v for_o the_o conqueror_n make_v the_o bishop_n baron_n therefore_o it_o be_v no_o such_o great_a wonder_n that_o in_o the_o writ_n we_o find_v the_o lord_n only_o to_o be_v the_o counselor_n and_o the_o commons_o call_v only_o to_o perform_v and_o consent_v to_o the_o ordinance_n those_o there_o be_v who_o seem_v to_o believe_v that_o under_o the_o word_n baron_n ancient_o the_o lord_n of_o court-baâ—…ons_a be_v comprehend_v and_o that_o they_o be_v call_v to_o parliament_n as_o baron_n but_o if_o this_o can_v be_v prove_v to_o have_v be_v at_o any_o time_n true_a yet_o those_o lord_n of_o court-baron_n be_v not_o the_o representative_a body_n of_o the_o commons_o of_o england_n except_o it_o can_v be_v also_o prove_v that_o the_o commons_o or_o freeholders_n of_o the_o kingdom_n choose_v such_o lord_n of_o court-baron_n to_o â—…e_v present_a in_o parliament_n the_o lord_n of_o manor_n â—…ame_v not_o at_o first_o by_o election_n of_o the_o people_n as_o sir_n edw._n coke_n treat_v of_o the_o institution_n of_o court-baâ—…ons_a resolve_v we_o in_o these_o word_n by_o the_o law_n and_o ordinance_n of_o ancient_a king_n and_o especial_o of_o king_n alâ—…red_v it_o appear_v that_o the_o first_o king_n of_o this_o realm_n â—…ad_v all_o the_o land_n of_o england_n in_o demean_v and_o les_fw-fr grand_a manor_n and_o royalty_n they_o reserve_v to_o themselves_o and_o of_o the_o remnant_n they_o for_o the_o defence_n of_o the_o realâ—…_n enfeoff_v the_o baron_n of_o the_o realm_n with_o such_o jurisdiction_n as_o the_o court-baron_n now_o have_v coke_n instituteâ—…_n first_o part_n fol._n 58._o here_o by_o the_o way_n i_o can_v but_o note_v that_o if_o thâ—…_n first_o king_n have_v all_o the_o land_n of_o england_n in_o demean_v 〈◊〉_d sir_n edward_n coke_n say_v they_o have_v and_o if_o the_o firâ—…_n king_n be_v choose_v by_o the_o people_n as_o many_o thinâ—…_n they_o be_v then_o sure_o our_o forefather_n be_v a_o verâ—…_n bountiful_a if_o not_o a_o prodigal_a people_n to_o give_v all_o thâ—…_n land_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n to_o their_o king_n witâ—…_n liberty_n for_o they_o to_o keep_v what_o they_o please_v and_o tâ—…_n give_v the_o remainder_n to_o their_o subject_n clog_v anâ—…_n cumber_v with_o a_o condition_n to_o defend_v the_o realmâ—…_n this_o be_v but_o a_o ill_a sign_n of_o a_o limit_a monarchy_n by_o original_a constitution_n or_o contract_n but_o to_o conclude_v thâ—…_n former_a point_n sir_n edward_n coke_n opinion_n be_v thâ—…_n in_o the_o ancient_a law_n under_o the_o name_n of_o baron_n be_v comprise_v all_o the_o nobility_n this_o doctrine_n of_o the_o baron_n be_v the_o commâ—…_n council_n do_v displease_v many_o and_o be_v deny_v aâ—…tending_v to_o the_o disparagement_n of_o the_o commons_o anâ—…_n to_o the_o discredit_v and_o confutation_n of_o their_o opinioâ—…_n who_o teach_v that_o the_o commons_o be_v assign_v councelloâ—…_n to_o the_o king_n by_o the_o people_n therefore_o i_o will_v call_v in_o mâ—…_n pryn_n to_o help_v we_o with_o his_o testimony_n he_o in_o his_o booâ—…_n of_o treachery_n and_o disloyalty_n etc._n etc._n prove_v that_o before_o thâ—…_n conquest_n by_o the_o law_n of_o edward_n the_o confessoâ—…_n cap._n 17._o the_o king_n by_o his_o oath_n be_v to_o do_v justice_n 〈◊〉_d the_o council_n of_o the_o noble_n of_o his_o realm_n he_o also_o resolve_v that_o the_o earl_n and_o baron_n in_o parliament_n aâ—…_n above_o the_o king_n and_o aught_o to_o bridle_v he_o when_o he_o exorâ—…tates_v from_o the_o law_n he_o further_o tell_v we_o the_o peer_n anâ—…_n prelate_n have_v oft_o translate_v the_o crown_n from_o the_o right_a heâ—…_n 1_o elect_v and_o crown_v edward_n who_o be_v illegitimate_a and_o put_v by_o ethelred_n the_o right_a heir_n after_o edgar_n decease_n 2._o elect_v and_o crown_v canutus_n a_o mere_a foreigner_n in_o opposition_n to_o edmund_n the_o right_a heir_n to_o king_n ethelred_n 3._o harold_n and_o hardiknute_n both_o elect_a king_n successive_o without_o title_n edmund_n and_o alfred_n the_o right_a heir_n be_v dispossess_v 4._o the_o english_a nobility_n upon_o the_o death_n of_o harold_n enact_v that_o none_o of_o the_o danish_a blood_n shall_v any_o more_o reign_n over_o they_o 5._o edgar_z etheling_n who_o have_v best_a title_n be_v reject_v and_o harold_n elect_v and_o crown_v king_n 6._o in_o the_o second_o and_o three_o year_n of_o edw._n 2._o the_o peer_n and_o noble_n of_o the_o land_n see_v themselves_o contemn_v entreat_v the_o king_n to_o manage_v the_o affair_n of_o the_o kingdom_n by_o the_o council_n of_o his_o baron_n he_o give_v his_o assent_n and_o swear_v to_o ratify_v what_o the_o noble_n ordain_v and_o one_o of_o their_o article_n be_v that_o he_o will_v thenceforward_o order_v all_o the_o affair_n of_o the_o kingdom_n by_o the_o council_n of_o his_o clergy_n and_o lord_n 7._o william_n rufus_n find_v the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o noble_n against_o he_o swear_v to_o lanfranke_n that_o if_o they_o will_v choose_v he_o for_o king_n he_o will_v abrogate_v their_o overhard_a law_n 8._o the_o beginning_n say_v mr._n pryn_n of_o the_o charter_n of_o hen._n 1._o be_v observable_a henry_n by_o the_o grace_n of_o god_n of_o england_n etc._n etc._n know_v you_o that_o by_o the_o mercy_n of_o god_n and_o common_a council_n of_o the_o baron_n of_o the_o kingdom_n i_o be_o crown_v king_n 9_o maud_n the_o empress_n the_o right_a heir_n be_v put_v by_o the_o crown_n by_o the_o prelate_n and_o baron_n and_o stephen_n earl_n of_o mortain_n who_o have_v no_o good_a title_n assemble_v the_o bishop_n and_o peer_n promise_v the_o amendment_n of_o the_o lawâ—…_n according_a to_o all_o their_o pleasure_n and_o like_n be_v by_o thâ—…_n all_o proclaim_v king_n 10._o lewis_n of_o france_n crown_v king_n by_o the_o baron_n in_o stead_n of_o king_n john_n all_o these_o testimony_n from_o mr._n pryn_n may_v satisfy_v that_o ancient_o the_o baron_n be_v the_o common_a council_n or_o parliament_n of_o england_n and_o if_o mr._n pryn_n can_v have_v find_v so_o much_o antiquity_n and_o proof_n for_o thâ—…_n knight_n citizens_z and_o burgess_n be_v of_o the_o common_a council_n i_o make_v no_o doubt_n but_o we_o shall_v have_v hear_v from_o he_o in_o capital_a character_n but_o alas_o he_o meet_v not_o with_o so_o much_o as_o these_o name_n in_o those_o elder_a age_n he_o dare_v not_o say_v the_o baron_n be_v assign_v by_o the_o people_n councillor_n to_o the_o king_n for_o he_o tell_v we_o every_o baron_n in_o parliament_n do_v represent_v hiâ—…_n own_o person_n and_o speak_v in_o behalf_n of_o himself_o alone_o but_o in_o the_o knight_n citizens_z and_o burgess_n be_v represent_v the_o commons_o of_o the_o whole_a realm_n therefore_o every_o one_o of_o the_o commons_o have_v a_o great_a voice_n in_o parliament_n than_o the_o great_a earl_n in_o england_n nevertheless_o masteâ—…_n pryn_n will_v be_v very_o well_o content_a if_o we_o will_v admiâ—…_n and_o swallow_v these_o parliament_n of_o baron_n for_o the_o representative_a body_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o to_o that_o purpose_n he_o cite_v they_o or_o to_o no_o purpose_n at_o all_o but_o to_o prove_v the_o treachery_n and_o disloyalty_n of_o popish_a parliament_n prelate_n and_o peer_n to_o their_o king_n which_o iâ—…_n the_o main_a point_n that_o master_n pryn_n by_o the_o title_n of_o hiâ—…_n book_n be_v to_o make_v good_a and_o to_o prove_v as_o to_o the_o second_o point_n which_o be_v that_o until_o the_o time_n of_o hen._n 1._o the_o commons_o be_v not_o call_v to_o parliament_n beside_o the_o general_a silence_n of_o antiquity_n which_o never_o make_v mention_n of_o the_o commons_o come_v to_o parliament_n until_o that_o time_n our_o history_n say_v before_o his_o time_n only_o certain_a of_o the_o nobility_n be_v call_v to_o consultation_n about_o the_o most_o important_a affair_n of_o the_o state_n he_o cause_v the_o commons_o also_o to_o be_v assemble_v by_o knight_n citizens_z and_o burgess_n of_o their_o own_o appointment_n much_o to_o the_o same_o purpose_n write_v sir_n walter_n raleigh_n say_v it_o be_v hold_v that_o the_o king_n of_o england_n have_v no_o formal_a parliament_n till_o about_o the_o 18_o year_n of_o king_n hen._n 1._o for_o in_o his_o three_o year_n for_o the_o marriage_n of_o his_o daughter_n the_o king_n raise_v a_o tax_n upon_o every_o hide_n of_o land_n by_o the_o advice_n of_o his_o privy_a council_n alone_o and_o
sift_v out_o what_o be_v comprise_v in_o the_o writ_n for_o the_o election_n of_o the_o commons_o to_o parliament_n since_o it_o be_v certain_a though_o the_o writ_n do_v not_o yet_o privilege_n of_o parliament_n give_v sufficient_a power_n for_o all_o proceed_n of_o the_o two_o house_n it_o be_v answer_v that_o what_o slight_a esteem_n soever_o be_v make_v of_o the_o writ_n yet_o in_o all_o other_o case_n the_o original_a writ_n be_v the_o foundation_n of_o the_o whole_a business_n or_o action_n and_o to_o vary_v in_o substance_n from_o the_o writ_n make_v a_o nullity_n in_o the_o cause_n and_o the_o proceed_n thereupon_o and_o where_o a_o commissioner_n exercise_v more_o power_n than_o be_v warrant_v by_o his_o commission_n every_o such_o act_n be_v void_a and_o in_o many_o case_n punishable_a yet_o we_o will_v lay_v aside_o the_o writ_n and_o apply_v ourselves_o to_o consider_v the_o nature_n of_o privilege_n of_o parliament_n the_o task_n be_v the_o more_o difficult_a for_o that_o we_o be_v not_o tell_v what_o the_o number_n of_o privilege_n be_v or_o which_o they_o be_v some_o do_v think_v that_o as_o there_o be_v dormant_a article_n of_o faith_n in_o the_o roman_a church_n which_o be_v not_o yet_o declare_v so_o there_o be_v likewise_o privilege_n dormant_a in_o the_o house_n of_o commons_o not_o yet_o reveal_v we_o must_v therefore_o be_v content_a in_o a_o generality_n to_o discourse_n of_o the_o quality_n or_o condition_n of_o privilege_n of_o parliament_n and_o to_o confine_v ourselves_o to_o these_o three_o point_n 1._o that_o privilege_n of_o parliament_n give_v no_o power_n but_o only_o help_v to_o the_o execution_n of_o the_o power_n give_v by_o the_o writ_n 2._o that_o the_o freeholders_n by_o their_o election_n give_v no_o privilege_n 3._o that_o privilege_n of_o parliament_n be_v the_o gift_n of_o the_o king_n first_o the_o end_n or_o scope_n of_o privilege_n of_o parliament_n be_v not_o to_o give_v any_o power_n to_o do_v any_o public_a act_n not_o warrant_v by_o the_o writ_n but_o they_o be_v intend_v as_o help_n only_o to_o enable_v to_o the_o performance_n of_o the_o duty_n enjoin_v and_o so_o be_v subservient_fw-fr to_o the_o power_n comprise_v in_o the_o writ_n for_o instance_n the_o grand_a privilege_n of_o freedom_n from_o arrest_n do_v not_o give_v any_o power_n at_o all_o to_o the_o house_n of_o commons_o to_o do_v any_o act_n but_o by_o take_v away_o from_o the_o freeholders_n and_o other_o subject_n the_o power_n of_o arrest_n the_o commons_o be_v the_o better_o enable_v to_o attend_v the_o service_n to_o which_o they_o be_v call_v by_o the_o king_n in_o many_o other_o case_n the_o servant_n oâ—…_n minister_n of_o the_o king_n be_v privilege_v and_o protect_v much_o in_o the_o same_o nature_n the_o servant_n in_o household_n to_o the_o king_n may_v not_o be_v arrest_v without_o special_a licence_n also_o the_o officer_n of_o the_o king_n court_n of_o justice_n have_v a_o privilege_n not_o to_o be_v sue_v in_o any_o other_o court_n but_o where_o they_o serve_v and_o attend_v and_o to_o this_o purpose_n they_o be_v allow_v a_o writ_n of_o privilege_n likewise_o all_o such_o as_o serve_v the_o king_n in_o his_o war_n or_o be_v employ_v on_o foreign_a affair_n for_o he_o be_v protect_v from_o action_n and_o suit_n nay_o the_o king_n protection_n descend_v to_o the_o privilege_v even_o of_o laundress_n nurse_n and_o midwife_n if_o they_o attend_v upon_o the_o camp_n as_o sir_n edw._n coke_n say_v quia_fw-la lotrix_fw-la seu_fw-la nutrix_fw-la seu_fw-la obstetrix_fw-la beside_o the_o king_n protect_v his_o debtor_n from_o arrest_n of_o the_o subject_a till_o his_o own_o debt_n be_v pay_v these_o sort_n of_o protection_n be_v privilege_n the_o common_a law_n take_v notice_n of_o and_o allow_v and_o have_v several_a distinction_n of_o they_o and_o some_o be_v protection_n quia_fw-la profecturus_fw-la and_o other_o be_v quia_fw-la moraturus_fw-la some_o be_v with_o a_o clause_n of_o volumus_fw-la for_o stay_v of_o suit_n other_o with_o a_o clause_n of_o nolumus_fw-la for_o the_o safety_n of_o man_n person_n servant_n and_o good_n and_o the_o king_n writ_n do_v vary_v herein_o according_a to_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o business_n but_o none_o of_o these_o privilege_n or_o protection_n do_v give_v any_o power_n they_o be_v not_o positive_a but_o privative_a they_o take_v away_o and_o deprive_v the_o subject_a of_o the_o power_n or_o liberty_n to_o arrest_v or_o sue_v in_o some_o case_n only_o no_o protection_n or_o privilege_n do_v defend_v in_o point_n of_o treason_n felony_n or_o breach_n of_o the_o peace_n privilege_n be_v direct_o contrary_a to_o the_o law_n for_o otherwise_o they_o shall_v not_o be_v privilege_n and_o they_o be_v to_o be_v interpret_v in_o the_o strict_a manner_n as_o be_v odious_a and_o contrary_a to_o law_n we_o see_v the_o use_n of_o privilege_n they_o do_v but_o serve_v as_o a_o dispensation_n against_o law_n intend_v original_o and_o principal_o for_o the_o expedit_v of_o the_o king_n business_n though_o secondary_o and_o by_o accident_n there_o do_v sometime_o redound_v a_o benefit_n by_o they_o to_o the_o party_n themselves_o that_o be_v protect_v strict_o and_o proper_o every_o privilege_n must_v be_v against_o a_o public_a or_o common_a law_n for_o there_o be_v no_o use_n or_o need_v of_o a_o private_a law_n to_o protect_v where_o there_o be_v no_o public_a law_n to_o the_o contrary_a favour_n and_o grace_n which_o be_v only_o beside_o and_o not_o against_o the_o law_n do_v not_o proper_o go_v under_o the_o name_n of_o privilege_n though_o common_a use_n do_v not_o distinguish_v they_o i_o know_v no_o other_o privilege_n that_o can_v be_v true_o so_o call_v and_o to_o belong_v to_o the_o house_n of_o commons_o which_o be_v so_o vast_a and_o great_a as_o this_o privilege_n of_o their_o person_n servant_n and_o good_n this_o be_v indeed_o against_o the_o common_a law_n and_o do_v concern_v the_o whole_a kingdom_n to_o take_v notice_n of_o it_o if_o they_o must_v be_v bind_v by_o it_o touch_v this_o grand_a privilege_n of_o freedom_n from_o arrest_n i_o read_v that_o in_o the_o 33_o hen._n 8._o the_o commons_o do_v not_o proceed_v to_o the_o punishment_n of_o offender_n for_o the_o breach_n of_o it_o until_o the_o lord_n refer_v the_o punishment_n thereof_o to_o the_o low_a house_n the_o case_n be_v thus_o report_v george_n ferrer_n gentleman_n servant_z to_z the_o king_n and_o burgess_n for_o plymouth_n go_v to_o the_o parliament_n house_n be_v arrest_v in_o london_n by_o process_n out_o of_o the_o king_n bench_n for_o debt_n wherein_o he_o have_v before_o be_v condemn_v as_o surety_n for_o one_o welden_n at_o the_o suit_n of_o one_o white_a which_o arrest_v signify_v to_o sir_n thomas_n moyl_n speaker_n and_o to_o the_o rest_n the_o sergeant_n call_v saint-iohns_n be_v send_v to_o the_o counter_a in_o breadstreet_n to_o demand_v ferrer_n the_o officer_n of_o the_o counter_n refuse_v to_o deliver_v he_o and_o 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fuerint_fw-la vel_fw-la absentes_fw-la inseri_fw-la eósque_fw-la ad_fw-la dict'_fw-it diem_fw-la &_o locum_fw-la venire_fw-la fac_fw-la '_o ita_fw-la quod_fw-la iidem_fw-la milites_fw-la plenam_fw-la &_o sufficientem_fw-la potestatem_fw-la pro_fw-la se_fw-la &_o communitate_fw-la commit_v '_o praedicti_fw-la ac_fw-la dict'_fw-it cives_fw-la &_o burgenses_n pro_fw-la se_fw-la &_o communitat_fw-la '_o civitatum_fw-la &_o burgorum_n praedictorum_fw-la divisim_fw-la ab_fw-la ipsis_fw-la habeant_fw-la ad_fw-la faciendum_fw-la &_o consentiendum_fw-la his_fw-la quae_fw-la tunc_fw-la ibid._n '_o de_fw-la communi_fw-la consilio_fw-la dicti_fw-la reg_fw-la nostri_fw-la favente_fw-la deo_fw-la contigerint_fw-la ordinari_fw-la super_fw-la negotiis_fw-la ante_fw-la dictis_fw-la ita_fw-la quod_fw-la pro_fw-la defectu_fw-la potestatis_fw-la hujusmodi_fw-la seu_fw-la propter_fw-la improvidam_fw-la electionem_fw-la milit_fw-la '_o civium_fw-la aut_fw-la burgensium_fw-la praedictorum_fw-la dicta_fw-la 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with_o his_o great_a council_n of_o prelate_n and_o peer_n and_o the_o ordinance_n that_o be_v make_v there_o receive_v their_o establishment_n either_o from_o the_o king_n presence_n in_o parliament_n where_o his_o chair_n of_o state_n be_v constant_o place_v or_o at_o least_o from_o the_o confirmation_n of_o he_o who_o in_o all_o court_n and_o in_o all_o cause_n be_v supreme_a judge_n all_o judgement_n be_v by_o or_o under_o he_o it_o can_v be_v without_o much_o less_o against_o his_o approbation_n the_o king_n only_o and_o none_o but_o he_o if_o he_o be_v able_a shall_v judge_v all_o cause_n say_v bracton_n that_o ancient_a chief_a justice_n in_o hen._n 3._o time_n a_o ancient_a precedent_n i_o meet_v with_o cite_v by_o master_n selden_n of_o a_o judicial_a proceed_v in_o a_o criminal_a cause_n of_o the_o baron_n before_o the_o conquest_n wherein_o i_o observe_v the_o king_n will_n be_v that_o the_o lord_n shall_v be_v judge_n â—…n_o the_o cause_n wherein_o himself_o be_v a_o party_n and_o heâ—…atified_v â—…atified_z their_o proceed_v the_o case_n be_v thus_o earl_n godwin_n have_v have_v a_o trial_n before_o the_o lord_n under_o king_n hardicanute_n touch_v the_o death_n of_o alfred_n son_n to_o king_n ethelbert_n and_o brother_n to_o he_o who_o be_v afterward_o edward_n the_o confessor_n have_v flee_v out_o of_o england_n and_o upon_o his_o return_n with_o hope_n of_o edward_n the_o confessor_n favour_n he_o solicit_v the_o lord_n â—…o_v intercede_v for_o he_o with_o the_o king_n who_o consult_v together_o bring_v godwin_n with_o they_o before_o the_o king_n to_o obtain_v his_o grace_n and_o favour_n but_o the_o king_n â—…resently_o as_o soon_o as_o he_o behold_v he_o say_v thou_o traitor_n godwin_n i_o do_v appeal_v thou_o of_o the_o death_n of_o my_o brother_n alfred_n who_o thou_o have_v most_o traitorous_o slay_v then_o godwin_n excuse_v it_o answer_v my_o lord_n the_o king_n may_v it_o please_v your_o grace_n i_o neither_o betray_v nor_o kill_v your_o brother_n whereof_o i_o put_v myself_o upon_o the_o judgement_n of_o your_o court_n then_o the_o king_n say_v you_o noble_a lord_n earls_z and_o baron_n of_o the_o land_n who_o be_v my_o liege_n man_n now_o gather_v here_o together_o and_o have_v hear_v my_o appeal_n and_o godwin_n answer_v i_o will_v that_o in_o this_o appeal_n between_o we_o you_o decree_v right_a judgement_n and_o do_v true_a justice._n the_o earl_n and_o baron_n treat_v of_o this_o among_o themselves_o be_v of_o differ_v judgement_n some_o say_v that_o godwin_n be_v never_o bind_v to_o the_o king_n either_o by_o homage_n service_n or_o fealty_n and_o therefore_o can_v not_o be_v his_o traitor_n and_o that_o he_o have_v not_o slay_v alfred_n with_o his_o own_o hand_n other_o say_v that_o neither_o earl_n nor_o baron_n nor_o any_o other_o subject_a of_o the_o king_n can_v wage_v his_o war_n by_o law_n against_o the_o king_n in_o his_o appeal_n but_o most_o whole_o put_v himself_o into_o the_o king_n mercy_n and_o offer_v competent_a amends_o then_o leofric_n consul_n of_o chester_n a_o good_a man_n before_o god_n and_o the_o world_n say_v earl_n godwin_n next_o to_o the_o king_n be_v a_o man_n of_o the_o best_a parentage_n of_o all_o england_n and_o he_o can_v deny_v but_o that_o by_o his_o counsel_n alfred_n the_o king_n brother_n be_v slay_v therefore_o for_o my_o part_n i_o consider_v that_o he_o and_o his_o son_n and_o all_o we_o twelve_o earl_n who_o be_v his_o friend_n and_o kinsman_n do_v go_v humble_o before_o the_o king_n lade_v with_o so_o much_o gold_n and_o silver_n as_o each_o of_o we_o can_v carry_v in_o our_o arm_n offer_v he_o that_o for_o his_o offence_n and_o humble_o pray_v for_o pardon_n and_o he_o will_v pardon_v the_o earl_n and_o take_v his_o homage_n and_o fealty_n will_v restore_v he_o all_o his_o land_n all_o they_o in_o this_o form_n lade_n themselves_o with_o treasure_n and_o come_v to_o the_o king_n do_v show_v the_o manner_n and_o order_n of_o their_o 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the_o supreme_a power_n be_v always_o arbitrary_a for_o that_o be_v arbitrary_a which_o have_v no_o superior_a on_o earth_n to_o controlâ—…_n it_o the_o last_o appeal_n in_o all_o government_n must_v still_o bâ—…_n to_o a_o arbitrary_a power_n or_o else_o appeal_n will_v bâ—…_n in_o infinitum_fw-la never_o at_o a_o end_n the_o legislative_a power_n be_v a_o arbitrary_a power_n for_o they_o be_v termini_fw-la convertibiles_fw-la the_o main_a question_n in_o these_o our_o day_n be_v where_o this_o power_n legislative_a remain_v or_o be_v place_v upon_o conference_n of_o the_o writ_n of_o summons_n for_o both_o house_n with_o the_o body_n and_o title_n of_o our_o ancient_a act_n of_o parliament_n we_o shall_v find_v the_o power_n of_o make_v law_n rest_v sole_o in_o the_o king_n some_o affirm_v that_o a_o part_n of_o the_o legislative_a power_n be_v in_o either_o of_o the_o house_n but_o beside_o invincible_a reason_n from_o the_o nature_n of_o monarchy_n itself_o which_o must_v have_v the_o supreme_a power_n alone_o the_o constant_a ancient_a declaration_n of_o this_o kingdom_n be_v against_o it_o for_o howsoever_o of_o late_a year_n in_o the_o title_n and_o body_n of_o our_o act_n of_o parliament_n it_o be_v not_o so_o particular_o express_v who_o be_v the_o author_n and_o maker_n of_o our_o law_n yet_o in_o almost_o all_o our_o elder_a statute_n it_o be_v precise_o express_v that_o they_o be_v make_v by_o the_o king_n himself_o the_o general_a word_n use_v of_o late_a time_n that_o law_n be_v make_v by_o authority_n of_o parliament_n be_v particular_o explain_v in_o former_a statute_n to_o mean_v that_o the_o king_n ordain_v the_o lord_n advise_v the_o commons_o consent_v as_o by_o compare_v the_o writ_n with_o the_o statute_n that_o expound_v the_o writ_n will_v evident_o appear_v magna_fw-la charta_fw-la begin_v thus_o henry_n by_o the_o grace_n of_o god_n know_v you_o that_o we_o of_o our_o mere_a and_o free_a will_v have_v give_v these_o liberty_n in_o the_o selfsame_a style_n run_v charta_fw-la de_fw-fr foresta_n and_o tell_v we_o the_o author_n of_o it_o the_o statute_n de_fw-fr scaccario_n 41_o h._n 3._o begin_v in_o these_o word_n the_o king_n command_v that_o all_o bailiff_n sheriff_n and_o other_o officer_n etc._n etc._n and_o concern_v the_o justice_n of_o chester_n the_o king_n willeth_n etc._n etc._n and_o again_o he_o command_v the_o treasurer_n and_o baron_n of_o the_o exchequer_n upon_o their_o allegiance_n the_o stat._n of_o marlborough_n 52_o hen._n 3._o go_v thus_o the_o king_n have_v make_v these_o act_n ordinance_n and_o statute_n which_o he_o will_v to_o be_v observe_v of_o all_o his_o subject_n high_a and_o low_a 3_o edw._n 1._o the_o title_n of_o this_o statute_n be_v these_o be_v the_o act_n of_o king_n edward_z and_o after_o it_o follow_v the_o king_n have_v ordain_v these_o act_n and_o in_o the_o first_o chapter_n the_o king_n forbid_v and_o command_v that_o none_o do_v hurt_v damage_n or_o grievance_n â—…o_v any_o 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their_o favourable_a and_o courteous_a offer_n of_o conference_n and_o to_o signify_v that_o the_o commons_o can_v in_o those_o case_n of_o benevolence_n or_o contribution_n join_v in_o conference_n with_o their_o lordship_n without_o prejudice_n to_o the_o liberty_n and_o privilege_n of_o the_o house_n and_o to_o request_v their_o lordship_n to_o hold_v the_o member_n of_o this_o house_n excuse_v in_o their_o not-assenting_a to_o their_o lordship_n say_v motion_n for_o conference_n for_o that_o so_o to_o have_v assent_v without_o a_o bill_n have_v be_v contrary_a to_o the_o liberty_n and_o privilege_n of_o this_o house_n and_o also_o contrary_a to_o the_o former_a precedent_n of_o the_o same_o house_n in_o like_a case_n have_v this_o answer_v deliver_v to_o the_o lord_n by_o the_o chancellor_n of_o the_o exchequer_n their_o lordship_n say_v they_o well_o hope_v to_o have_v have_v a_o conference_n according_a to_o their_o former_a request_n and_o desire_v to_o see_v those_o precedent_n 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the_o time_n of_o h._n 3._o k._n john_n and_o k._n stephen_n the_o ground_n upon_o which_o this_o sergeant_n at_o law_n go_v may_v be_v think_v the_o same_o sir_n edw._n coke_n deliver_v in_o his_o institutes_n where_o he_o say_v the_o first_o king_n of_o this_o realm_n have_v all_o the_o land_n of_o england_n in_o demesne_n and_o the_o great_a manor_n &_o royalist_n they_o reserve_v to_o themselves_o &_o of_o the_o remnant_n for_o the_o defence_n of_o the_o kingdom_n enfeoff_v the_o baron_n from_o whence_o it_o appear_v that_o no_o man_n hold_v any_o land_n but_o under_o a_o condition_n to_o defend_v the_o realm_n and_o upon_o the_o selfsame_a ground_n also_o the_o king_n prerogative_n be_v raise_v as_o be_v a_o pre-eminence_n in_o case_n of_o necessity_n above_o &_o before_o the_o law_n of_o property_n or_o inheritance_n certain_a it_o be_v before_o the_o commons_o be_v ever_o choose_v to_o come_v to_o parliament_n tax_n or_o subsidy_n be_v raise_v and_o pay_v without_o their_o gift_n the_o great_a and_o long_o continue_a subsidy_n of_o dane-gelt_a be_v without_o any_o gift_n of_o the_o commons_o or_o of_o any_o parliament_n at_o all_o that_o can_v be_v prove_v in_o the_o 8_o h._n 3._o a_o subsidy_n of_o 2_o mark_n in_o silver_n upon_o every_o knight_n fee_n be_v grant_v to_o the_o king_n by_o the_o noble_n without_o any_o commons_o at_o the_o pass_n of_o a_o bill_n of_o subsidy_n the_o word_n of_o the_o king_n be_v the_o king_n thank_v his_o loyal_a subject_n accept_v their_o good_a will_n &_o also_o will_v have_v â—…so_o le_fw-fr roy_fw-fr remercie_fw-fr ses_fw-fr loyaux_fw-fr subject_n accept_v leur_fw-fr â—…enevolence_n &_o ausi_fw-la ainsi_fw-fr le_fw-fr veult_n which_o last_o word_n of_o ainsi_fw-fr le_fw-fr veult_n the_o king_n will_v it_o to_o be_v so_o â—…re_v the_o only_a word_n that_o make_v the_o act_n of_o subâ—…idy_n a_o law_n to_o bind_v every_o man_n to_o the_o payâ—…ent_n of_o it_o in_o the_o 39_o eliz._n the_o commons_o by_o their_o speaker_n complain_v of_o monopoly_n the_o queen_n speak_v in_o private_a to_o the_o l._n keeper_n who_o then_o make_v answer_n touch_v monopoly_n that_o her_o majesty_n hope_v she_o dutiful_a and_o love_a subject_n will_v not_o take_v away_o her_o prerogative_n which_o be_v the_o chief_a flower_n in_o her_o garland_n and_o the_o principal_a and_o head_n pearl_n in_o her_o crown_n and_o diadem_n but_o that_o they_o will_v rather_o leave_v that_o to_o her_o disposition_n the_o second_o point_n be_v that_o the_o freeholders_n or_o county_n do_v not_o nor_o can_v give_v privilege_n to_o the_o commons_o in_o parliament_n they_o that_o be_v under_o the_o law_n can_v protect_v against_o it_o they_o have_v no_o such_o privilege_n themselves_o as_o to_o be_v free_a from_o arrest_n and_o action_n for_o if_o they_o have_v than_o it_o have_v be_v no_o privilege_n but_o it_o will_v be_v the_o common_a law_n and_o what_o they_o have_v not_o they_o can_v give_v nemo_fw-la that_fw-mi quod_fw-la non_fw-la habet_fw-la neither_o do_v the_o freeholders_n pretend_v to_o give_v any_o such_o privilege_n either_o at_o their_o election_n or_o by_o any_o subsequent_a act_n there_o be_v no_o mention_n of_o any_o such_o thing_n in_o the_o return_n of_o the_o writ_n nor_o in_o the_o indenture_n between_o the_o sheriff_n and_o the_o freeholders_n the_o three_o point_n remain_v that_o privilege_n of_o parliament_n be_v grant_v by_o the_o king_n it_o be_v a_o know_a rule_n that_o which_o give_v the_o form_n give_v the_o consequence_n of_o the_o form_n the_o king_n by_o his_o writ_n give_v the_o very_a essence_n and_o form_n to_o the_o parliament_n therefore_o privilege_n which_o be_v but_o consequence_n of_o the_o form_n must_v necessary_o flow_v from_o king_n all_o other_o privilege_n and_o protection_n be_v the_o act_n of_o the_o king_n and_o by_o the_o king_n writ_n sir_n edw._n coke_n say_v that_o the_o protection_n of_o man_n person_n servant_n and_o good_n be_v do_v by_o a_o writ_n of_o grace_n from_o the_o king_n at_o the_o presentment_n of_o the_o speaker_n of_o the_o house_n of_o commons_o to_o the_o king_n upon_o the_o first_o day_n of_o parliament_n the_o speaker_n in_o the_o name_n and_o behoof_n of_o the_o commons_o humble_o crave_v that_o his_o majesty_n will_v be_v gracious_o please_v to_o grant_v they_o their_o accustom_a liberty_n and_o privilege_n which_o petition_n of_o they_o be_v a_o fair_a recognition_n of_o the_o primitive_a grace_n and_o favour_n of_o king_n in_o bestow_v of_o privilege_n and_o it_o be_v a_o shrewd_a argument_n against_o any_o other_o title_n for_o our_o ancestor_n be_v not_o so_o ceremonious_a nor_o so_o full_a of_o compliment_n as_o to_o beg_v that_o by_o grace_n which_o they_o may_v claim_v by_o right_n and_o the_o renew_n of_o this_o petition_n every_o parliament_n argue_v the_o grant_n to_o be_v but_o temporary_a during_o only_a the_o present_a parliament_n and_o that_o they_o have_v be_v accustom_v when_o they_o have_v be_v accustomable_o sue_v or_o petition_v for_o i_o will_v close_v this_o point_n with_o the_o judgement_n of_o king_n james_n who_o in_o his_o declaration_n touch_v his_o proceed_n in_o parliament_n 1621._o resolve_n that_o most_o privilege_n of_o parliament_n grow_v from_o precedent_n which_o rather_o show_v a_o toleration_n than_o a_o inheritance_n therefore_o he_o can_v not_o allow_v of_o the_o style_n call_v iâ—…_n their_o ancient_a and_o undoubted_a right_n and_o inheritance_n but_o can_v rather_o have_v wish_v that_o they_o have_v say_v their_o privilege_n be_v derive_v from_o the_o grace_n and_o permission_n of_o his_o ancestor_n and_o he_o and_o thereupon_o he_o conclude_v he_o can_v with_o patience_n endure_v his_o subject_n to_o use_v suâ—…_n antimonarchicall_a word_n concern_v their_o liberty_n except_o they_o have_v subjoin_v that_o they_o be_v grant_v unto_o they_o by_o the_o grace_n and_o favourâ—…_n of_o his_o predecessor_n yet_o he_o promise_v to_o be_v careful_a of_o whatsoever_o privilege_n they_o enjoy_v by_o long_a custom_n and_o uncontrolled_a and_o lawful_a precedent_n observation_n upon_o aristotle_n politic_n touch_v form_n of_o government_n together_o with_o direction_n for_o obedience_n to_o governor_n in_o dangerous_a and_o doubtful_a time_n the_o preface_n in_o every_o alteration_n of_o government_n there_o be_v something_o new_a which_o none_o can_v either_o divine_a or_o judge_n of_o till_o time_n have_v try_v it_o we_o read_v of_o many_o several_a way_n of_o government_n but_o they_o have_v all_o or_o most_o of_o they_o be_v of_o particular_a city_n with_o none_o or_o very_o small_a territory_n at_o first_o belong_v to_o they_o at_o this_o present_a the_o government_n of_o the_o low-countries_n and_o of_o switzerland_n be_v not_o appropriate_v either_o of_o they_o to_o any_o one_o city_n for_o they_o be_v compound_v of_o several_a petty_a principality_n which_o have_v special_a and_o different_a law_n and_o
privilege_n each_o of_o they_o insomuch_o that_o the_o unite_a province_n and_o unite_a canton_n be_v but_o confederacy_n and_o leaguer_n and_o not_o two_o entire_a commonweal_n associate_n only_o for_o mutual_a defence_n nay_o the_o canton_n of_o switzerland_n be_v not_o only_o several_a republic_n but_o repute_v to_o have_v different_a form_n of_o commonweal_n some_o be_v say_v to_o be_v aristocratical_o govern_v and_o other_o democratical_o as_o the_o mountaineer_n and_o some_o of_o the_o canton_n be_v papist_n and_o some_o protestant_n and_o some_o mix_v of_o both_o we_o do_v not_o find_v that_o any_o large_a or_o great_a dominion_n or_o kingdom_n unite_v in_o one_o government_n and_o under_o the_o same_o law_n be_v ever_o reduce_v at_o once_o to_o any_o kind_n of_o popular_a government_n and_o not_o confine_v to_o the_o subjection_n of_o one_o city_n this_o be_v a_o thing_n not_o yet_o do_v require_v the_o able_a man_n to_o settle_v such_o a_o peaceable_a government_n as_o be_v to_o be_v desire_v there_o be_v no_o precedent_n in_o the_o case_n all_o that_o can_v be_v do_v in_o it_o be_v at_o first_o to_o inquire_v into_o such_o other_o government_n as_o have_v be_v existent_a in_o the_o world_n as_o a_o preface_n to_o such_o a_o enquiry_n the_o sacred_a scripture_n if_o it_o be_v but_o for_o the_o antiquity_n of_o it_o will_v be_v consult_v and_o than_o aristotle_n the_o grand_a master_n of_o politic_n and_o after_o he_o the_o greek_a and_o latin_a historian_n that_o live_v in_o popular_a time_n will_v be_v diligent_o examine_v to_o excite_v other_o of_o great_a ability_n to_o a_o exacter_n disquisition_n i_o presume_v to_o offer_v a_o taste_n of_o some_o doctrine_n of_o aristotle_n which_o be_v usher_v in_o with_o a_o brief_a touch_n of_o the_o holy_a scripture_n it_o be_v not_o probable_a that_o any_o sure_a direction_n of_o the_o begin_n of_o government_n can_v be_v find_v either_o in_o plato_n aristotle_n cicero_n polybius_n or_o in_o any_o other_o of_o the_o heathen_a author_n who_o be_v ignorant_a of_o the_o manner_n of_o the_o creation_n of_o the_o world_n we_o must_v not_o neglect_v the_o scripture_n and_o search_v in_o philosopher_n for_o the_o ground_n of_o dominion_n and_o property_n which_o be_v the_o main_a principle_n of_o government_n and_o justice._n the_o first_o government_n in_o the_o world_n be_v monarchical_a in_o the_o father_n of_o all_o flesh._n adam_n be_v command_v to_o multiply_v and_o people_n the_o earth_n and_o to_o subdue_v it_o and_o have_v dominion_n give_v he_o over_o all_o creature_n be_v thereby_o the_o monarch_n of_o the_o whole_a world_n none_o of_o his_o posterity_n have_v any_o right_a to_o possess_v any_o thing_n but_o by_o his_o grant_n or_o permission_n or_o by_o succession_n from_o he_o the_o earth_n say_v the_o psalmist_n have_v he_o give_v to_o the_o child_n of_o man_n which_o show_v the_o title_n come_v from_o fatherhood_n there_o never_o be_v any_o such_o thing_n as_o a_o independent_a multitude_n who_o at_o first_o have_v a_o natural_a right_n to_o a_o community_n this_o be_v but_o a_o fiction_n or_o fancy_n of_o too_o many_o in_o these_o day_n who_o please_v themselves_o in_o run_v after_o the_o opinion_n of_o philosopher_n and_o poet_n to_o find_v out_o such_o a_o original_a of_o government_n as_o may_v promise_v they_o some_o title_n to_o liberty_n to_o the_o great_a scandal_n of_o christianity_n and_o bring_v in_o of_o atheism_n since_o a_o natural_a freedom_n of_o mankind_n can_v be_v suppose_v without_o the_o denial_n of_o the_o creation_n of_o adam_n and_o yet_o this_o conceit_n of_o original_a freedom_n be_v the_o only_a ground_n upon_o which_o not_o only_o the_o heathen_a philosopher_n but_o also_o the_o author_n of_o the_o principle_n of_o the_o civil_a law_n and_o grotius_n selden_n hobbs_n ashâ—…am_n and_o other_o raise_v and_o build_v their_o doctrine_n of_o government_n and_o of_o the_o severâ—…_n sort_n or_o kind_n as_o they_o call_v they_o of_o commonwealth_n adam_n be_v the_o father_n king_n and_o lord_n over_o his_o family_n a_o son_n a_o subject_a and_o a_o servant_n or_o a_o slave_n be_v one_o and_o the_o same_o thing_n at_o first_o the_o father_n have_v power_n to_o dispose_v â—…_n sell_v his_o child_n or_o servant_n whence_o we_o find_v that_o at_o the_o first_o reckon_v up_o of_o good_n iâ—…_n scripture_n the_o manservant_n and_o the_o maidservant_n be_v number_v among_o the_o possession_n and_o substance_n of_o the_o owner_n as_o other_o good_n worâ—…_n as_o for_o the_o name_n of_o subject_a slave_n and_o tyrant_n they_o be_v not_o find_v in_o scripture_n but_o what_o we_o now_o call_v a_o subject_a or_o a_o slave_n be_v then_o name_v no_o other_o than_o a_o servant_n i_o can_v learn_v that_o either_o the_o hebrew_n greek_a or_o latin_a have_v any_o proper_a and_o original_a word_n for_o a_o tyrant_n or_o a_o slave_n it_o seem_v these_o be_v name_n of_o late_a invention_n and_o take_v up_o in_o disgrace_n of_o monarchical_a government_n i_o can_v find_v any_o one_o place_n or_o text_n in_o the_o bible_n where_o any_o power_n or_o commission_n be_v give_v to_o a_o people_n either_o to_o govern_v themselves_o oâ—…_n to_o choose_v themselves_o governor_n or_o to_o alter_v the_o manner_n of_o government_n at_o their_o pleasure_n the_o power_n of_o government_n be_v settle_v and_o fix_v by_o the_o commandment_n of_o honour_n thy_o father_n if_o there_o be_v a_o high_a power_n than_o the_o fatherly_a than_o this_o commandment_n can_v not_o stand_v and_o be_v observe_v whereas_o we_o read_v in_o scripture_n of_o some_o action_n of_o the_o people_n in_o set_v up_o of_o king_n further_o than_o to_o a_o naked_a declaration_n by_o a_o part_n of_o the_o people_n of_o their_o obedience_n such_o action_n can_v not_o amount_v since_o we_o find_v no_o commission_n they_o have_v to_o bestow_v any_o right_n a_o true_a representation_n of_o the_o people_n to_o be_v make_v be_v as_o impossible_a as_o for_o the_o whole_a people_n to_o govern_v the_o name_n of_o a_o aristocracy_n a_o democracy_n a_o commonweal_n a_o state_n or_o any_o other_o of_o like_a signification_n be_v not_o to_o be_v meet_v either_o in_o the_o law_n or_o gospel_n that_o there_o be_v a_o ground_n in_o nature_n for_o monarchy_n aristotle_n himself_o affirm_v say_v the_o first_o king_n be_v father_n of_o family_n as_o for_o any_o ground_n of_o any_o other_o form_n of_o government_n there_o have_v be_v none_o yet_o allege_v but_o a_o suppose_a natural_a freedom_n of_o mankind_n the_o proof_n whereof_o i_o find_v none_o do_v undertake_v but_o only_o beg_v it_o to_o be_v grant_v we_o find_v the_o government_n of_o god_n own_o people_n vary_v under_o the_o several_a title_n of_o patriarch_n captain_n judge_n and_o king_n but_o in_o all_o these_o the_o supreme_a power_n rest_v still_o in_o one_o person_n only_o we_o no_o where_o find_v any_o supreme_a power_n give_v to_o the_o people_n or_o to_o a_o multitude_n in_o scripture_n or_o ever_o exercise_v by_o they_o the_o people_n be_v never_o the_o lord_n â—…nointed_v nor_o call_v god_n nor_o crown_v nor_o â—…d_v the_o title_n of_o nursing-fathers_n gen._n 35._o 11._o the_o supreme_a power_n be_v a_o indivisible_a beam_n of_o majesty_n can_v be_v divide_v among_o or_o settle_v upon_o a_o multitude_n god_n will_v have_v it_o fix_v in_o one_o person_n not_o sometime_o in_o one_o part_n of_o the_o people_n and_o sometime_o in_o another_o and_o sometime_o and_o that_o for_o the_o most_o part_n no_o where_o as_o when_o the_o assembly_n be_v dissolve_v it_o must_v rest_v in_o the_o air_n or_o in_o the_o wall_n of_o the_o chamber_n when_o they_o be_v assemble_v if_o there_o be_v any_o thing_n like_o a_o popular_a government_n among_o god_n people_n it_o be_v about_o the_o time_n of_o the_o judge_n when_o there_o be_v no_o king_n in_o israel_n for_o they_o have_v then_o some_o small_a show_n of_o government_n such_o as_o it_o be_v but_o it_o be_v so_o poor_a and_o beggarly_a that_o the_o scripture_n brand_v it_o with_o this_o note_n that_o every_o man_n do_v what_o be_v right_a in_o his_o own_o eye_n because_o there_o be_v no_o king_n in_o israel_n it_o be_v not_o say_v because_o there_o be_v no_o government_n but_o because_o there_o be_v no_o king_n it_o seem_v no_o government_n but_o the_o government_n of_o a_o king_n in_o the_o judgement_n of_o the_o scripture_n can_v restrain_v man_n from_o do_v what_o they_o list_v where_o every_o man_n do_v what_o he_o please_v it_o may_v be_v true_o say_v there_o be_v no_o government_n for_o the_o end_n of_o government_n be_v that_o every_o man_n shall_v not_o do_v what_o he_o please_v or_o be_v his_o own_o judge_n in_o his_o own_o case_n for_o the_o scripture_n to_o say_v theâ—…_n be_v no_o king_n be_v to_o say_v there_o be_v no_o form_n o
can_v be_v save_v whence_o it_o may_v be_v infer_v that_o if_o the_o masterly_a government_n of_o tyrant_n can_v be_v safe_a without_o the_o preservation_n of_o they_o who_o they_o govern_v it_o will_v follow_v that_o a_o tyrant_n can_v govern_v for_o his_o own_o profit_n only_o and_o thus_o his_o main_a definition_n of_o tyranny_n fail_v as_o be_v ground_v upon_o a_o impossible_a supposition_n by_o his_o own_o confession_n no_o example_n can_v be_v show_v of_o any_o such_o government_n that_o ever_o be_v in_o the_o world_n as_o aristotle_n describe_v a_o tyranny_n to_o be_v for_o under_o the_o worst_a of_o king_n though_o many_o particular_a man_n have_v unjust_o suffer_v yet_o the_o multitude_n or_o the_o people_n in_o general_n have_v find_v benefit_n and_o profit_n by_o the_o government_n it_o be_v apparent_a that_o the_o different_a kind_n of_o government_n in_o aristotle_n arise_v only_o from_o the_o difference_n of_o the_o number_n of_o governor_n whether_o one_o a_o few_o or_o many_o there_o may_v be_v as_o many_o several_a form_n of_o government_n as_o there_o be_v several_a number_n which_o be_v infinite_a so_o that_o not_o only_o the_o several_a part_n of_o a_o city_n or_o commonweal_n but_o also_o the_o several_a number_n of_o such_o part_n may_v cause_v multiplicity_n of_o form_n of_o government_n by_o aristotle_n principle_n it_o be_v further_a observable_a in_o assembly_n that_o it_o be_v not_o the_o whole_a assembly_n but_o the_o major_a part_n only_o of_o the_o assembly_n that_o have_v the_o government_n for_o that_o which_o please_v the_o most_o be_v always_o ratify_v say_v aristotle_n lib._n 4._o c._n 4._o by_o this_o mean_n one_o and_o the_o same_o assembly_n may_v make_v at_o one_o sit_v several_a form_n of_o commonweal_n for_o in_o several_a debate_n and_o vote_n the_o same_o number_n of_o man_n or_o all_o the_o selfsame_a man_n do_v not_o ordinary_o agree_v in_o their_o vote_n and_o the_o least_o disagreement_n either_o in_o the_o person_n of_o the_o man_n or_o in_o their_o number_n alter_v the_o form_n of_o government_n thus_o in_o a_o commonweal_n one_o part_n of_o the_o public_a affair_n shall_v be_v order_v by_o one_o form_n of_o government_n and_o another_o part_n by_o another_o form_n and_o a_o three_o part_n by_o a_o three_o form_n and_o so_o in_o infinitum_fw-la how_o can_v that_o have_v the_o denomination_n of_o a_o form_n of_o government_n which_o last_v but_o for_o a_o moment_n only_o about_o one_o fraction_n of_o business_n for_o in_o the_o very_a instant_n as_o it_o be_v in_o the_o twinkle_v of_o a_o eye_n while_o their_o vote_n last_v the_o government_n must_v begin_v and_o end_v to_o be_v govern_v be_v nothing_o else_o but_o to_o be_v obedient_a and_o subject_a to_o the_o will_n or_o command_n of_o another_o it_o be_v the_o will_n in_o a_o man_n that_o govern_v ordinary_o man_n will_n be_v divide_v according_a to_o their_o several_a end_n or_o interest_n which_o most_o time_n be_v different_a and_o many_o 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sense_n that_o of_o old_a time_n rome_n and_o in_o this_o present_a age_n venice_n and_o the_o low-countries_n enjoy_v a_o form_n of_o government_n different_a from_o monarchy_n hereunto_o it_o may_v be_v answer_v that_o a_o people_n may_v live_v together_o in_o society_n and_o help_v one_o another_o and_o yet_o not_o be_v under_o any_o form_n of_o government_n as_o we_o see_v herd_n of_o cattle_n do_v and_o yet_o we_o may_v not_o say_v they_o live_v under_o government_n for_o government_n be_v not_o a_o society_n only_o to_o live_v but_o to_o live_v well_o and_o virtuous_o this_o be_v acknowledge_v by_o aristotle_n who_o teach_v that_o 〈◊〉_d the_o end_n of_o a_o city_n be_v to_o live_v bless_o and_o honest_o political_a community_n be_v ordain_v for_o honest_a action_n but_o not_o for_o live_v together_o only_o now_o there_o be_v two_o thing_n principal_o require_v to_o a_o bless_a and_o honest_a life_n religion_n towards_o god_n and_o peace_n towards_o man_n that_o be_v a_o quiet_a and_o peaceable_a life_n in_o all_o godliness_n and_o honesty_n 1_o tim._n 2._o 2._o here_o then_o will_v be_v the_o question_n whether_o godliness_n and_o peace_n can_v be_v find_v under_o any_o government_n but_o monarchy_n or_o whether_o rome_n venice_n or_o the_o low-countries_n do_v enjoy_v these_o under_o any_o popular_a government_n in_o these_o two_o point_n let_v we_o first_o brief_o examine_v the_o roman_a government_n which_o be_v think_v to_o have_v be_v the_o most_o glorious_a for_o religion_n we_o find_v present_o after_o the_o building_n of_o the_o city_n by_o romulus_n the_o next_o king_n numa_n most_o devout_o establish_v a_o religion_n and_o begin_v his_o kingdom_n with_o the_o service_n of_o the_o god_n he_o forbid_v the_o roman_n to_o make_v any_o image_n of_o god_n which_o law_n last_v and_o be_v observe_v 170_o year_n there_o be_v in_o
end_n of_o government_n frustrate_v if_o the_o obligation_n upon_o the_o command_v of_o a_o sovereign_a to_o execute_v a_o dangerous_a or_o dishonourable_a office_n depend_v not_o on_o the_o word_n of_o our_o submission_n but_o on_o the_o intention_n which_o be_v to_o be_v understand_v by_o the_o end_n thereof_o no_o man_n by_o mr._n hobs_n rule_n be_v bind_v but_o by_o the_o word_n of_o his_o submission_n the_o intention_n of_o the_o command_n bind_v not_o if_o the_o word_n do_v not_o if_o the_o intention_n shall_v bind_v it_o be_v necessary_a the_o sovereign_n must_v discover_v it_o and_o the_o people_n must_v dispute_v and_o judge_v it_o which_o how_o well_o it_o may_v consist_v with_o the_o right_n of_o sovereignty_n master_n hobbs_n may_v consider_v whereas_o master_n hobbs_n say_v the_o intention_n be_v to_o be_v understand_v by_o the_o end_n i_o take_v it_o he_o mean_v the_o end_n by_o effect_n for_o the_o end_n and_o the_o intention_n be_v one_o and_o the_o same_o thing_n and_o if_o he_o mean_v the_o effect_n the_o obedience_n must_v go_v before_o and_o not_o depend_v on_o the_o understanding_n of_o the_o effect_n which_o can_v never_o be_v if_o the_o obedience_n do_v not_o precede_v it_o in_o fine_a he_o resolve_v refusal_n to_o obey_v may_v depend_v upon_o the_o judge_n of_o what_o frustrate_v the_o end_n of_o sovereignty_n and_o what_o not_o of_o which_o he_o can_v mean_v any_o other_o judge_n but_o the_o people_n xv._n mr._n hobbs_n put_v a_o case_n by_o way_n of_o question_n a_o great_a many_o man_n together_o have_v already_o resist_v the_o sovereign_a power_n unjust_o or_o commit_v some_o capital_a crime_n for_o which_o every_o one_o of_o they_o expect_v death_n whether_o have_v they_o not_o the_o liberty_n then_o to_o join_v together_o and_o assist_v and_o defend_v one_o another_o certain_o they_o have_v for_o they_o but_o defend_v their_o life_n which_o the_o guilty_a man_n may_v as_o well_o do_v as_o the_o innocent_a there_o be_v indeed_o injustice_n in_o the_o first_o breach_n of_o their_o duty_n their_o bear_n of_o arm_n subsequent_a to_o it_o though_o it_o be_v to_o maintain_v what_o they_o have_v do_v be_v no_o new_a unjust_a act_n and_o if_o it_o be_v only_o to_o defend_v their_o person_n it_o be_v not_o unjust_a at_o all_o the_o only_a reason_n here_o allege_v for_o the_o bear_v of_o arm_n be_v this_o that_o there_o be_v no_o new_a unjust_a act_n as_o if_o the_o beginning_n only_o of_o a_o rebellion_n be_v a_o unjust_a act_n and_o the_o continuance_n of_o it_o none_o at_o all_o no_o better_a answer_n can_v be_v give_v to_o this_o case_n than_o what_o the_o author_n himself_o have_v deliver_v in_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o same_o paragraph_n in_o these_o word_n to_o resist_v the_o sword_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n in_o defence_n of_o another_o man_n guilty_a or_o innocent_a no_o man_n have_v liberty_n because_o such_o liberty_n take_v away_o from_o the_o sovereign_a the_o mean_n of_o protect_v we_o and_o be_v therefore_o destructive_a of_o the_o very_a essence_n of_o government_n thus_o he_o first_o answer_v the_o question_n and_o then_o afterward_o make_v it_o and_o give_v it_o a_o contrary_a answer_n other_o passage_n i_o meet_v with_o to_o the_o like_a purpose_n he_o say_v page_z 66._o a_o man_n can_v lay_v down_o the_o right_n of_o resist_v they_o that_o assault_v he_o by_o force_n to_o take_v away_o his_o life_n the_o same_o may_v be_v say_v of_o wound_n chain_n and_o imprisonment_n page_n 69._o a_o covenant_n to_o defend_v myself_o from_o force_n by_o force_n be_v void_a pag._n 68_o right_o of_o defend_v life_n and_o mean_n of_o live_v can_v never_o be_v abandon_v these_o last_o doctrine_n be_v destructive_a to_o all_o government_n whatsoever_o and_o even_o to_o the_o leviathan_n itself_o hereby_o any_o rogue_n or_o villain_n may_v murder_v his_o sovereign_n if_o the_o sovereign_n but_o offer_n by_o force_n to_o whip_v or_o lay_v he_o in_o the_o stock_n since_o whip_v may_v be_v say_v to_o be_v wound_v and_o put_v in_o the_o stock_n a_o imprisonment_n so_o likewise_o every_o man_n good_n be_v a_o mean_n of_o live_v if_o a_o man_n can_v abandon_v they_o no_o contract_n among_o man_n be_v it_o never_o so_o just_a can_v be_v observe_v thus_o we_o be_v at_o least_o in_o as_o miserable_a condition_n of_o war_n as_o mr._n hobbs_n at_o first_o by_o nature_n find_v we_o xvi_o the_o kingdom_n of_o god_n signify_v say_v master_n hobbs_n page_n 216._o a_o kingdom_n constitute_v by_o the_o vote_n of_o the_o people_n of_o israel_n in_o a_o peculiar_a manner_n wherein_o they_o choose_v god_n for_o their_o king_n by_o covenant_n make_v with_o he_o upon_o god_n promise_v they_o canaan_n if_o we_o look_v upon_o master_n hob_n text_n for_o this_o it_o will_v be_v find_v that_o the_o people_n do_v not_o constitute_v by_o vote_n and_o choose_v god_n for_o their_o king_n but_o by_o the_o appointment_n first_o of_o god_n himself_o the_o covenant_n be_v to_o be_v a_o god_n to_o they_o they_o do_v not_o contract_n with_o god_n that_o if_o he_o will_v give_v they_o canaan_n they_o will_v be_v his_o subject_n and_o he_o shall_v be_v their_o king_n it_o be_v not_o in_o their_o power_n to_o choose_v whether_o god_n shall_v be_v their_o god_n yea_o or_o nay_o for_o it_o be_v confess_v he_o reign_v natural_o over_o all_o by_o he_o may_v if_o god_n reign_v natural_o he_o have_v a_o kingdom_n and_o sovereign_a power_n over_o his_o subject_n not_o acquire_v by_o their_o own_o consent_n this_o kingdom_n say_v to_o be_v constitute_v by_o the_o vote_n of_o the_o people_n of_o israel_n be_v but_o the_o vote_n of_o abraham_n only_o his_o single_a voice_n carry_v it_o he_o be_v the_o representative_a of_o the_o people_n for_o at_o this_o vote_n it_o be_v confess_v that_o the_o name_n of_o king_n be_v not_o give_v to_o god_n nor_o of_o kingdom_n to_o abraham_n yet_o the_o thing_n if_o we_o will_v believe_v master_n hobbs_n be_v all_o one_o if_o a_o contract_n be_v the_o mutual_a transfer_v of_o right_a i_o will_v know_v what_o right_o a_o people_n can_v have_v to_o transferr_v to_o god_n by_o contract_n have_v the_o people_n of_o israel_n at_o mount_n sinai_n a_o right_a not_o to_o obey_v god_n voice_n if_o they_o have_v not_o such_o a_o right_n what_o have_v they_o to_o transferr_v the_o covenant_n mention_v at_o mount_n sinai_n be_v but_o a_o conditional_a contract_n and_o god_n but_o a_o conditional_a king_n and_o though_o the_o people_n promise_v to_o obey_v god_n word_n yet_o it_o be_v more_o than_o they_o be_v able_a to_o perform_v for_o they_o often_o disobey_v god_n voice_n which_o be_v a_o breach_n of_o the_o condition_n the_o covenant_n be_v void_a and_o god_n not_o their_o king_n by_o contract_n it_o be_v complain_v by_o god_n they_o have_v reject_v i_o that_o i_o shall_v reign_v over_o they_o but_o it_o be_v not_o say_v according_a to_o their_o contract_n for_o i_o do_v not_o find_v that_o the_o desire_v of_o a_o king_n be_v a_o breach_n of_o their_o contract_n of_o covenant_n or_o disobedience_n to_o the_o voice_n of_o god_n there_o be_v no_o such_o law_n extant_a the_o people_n do_v not_o total_o reject_v the_o lord_n but_o in_o part_n only_o out_o of_o timorousness_n when_o they_o see_v nahash_n king_n of_o the_o child_n of_o ammon_n come_v against_o they_o they_o disinherit_v that_o god_n will_v not_o sudden_o provide_v for_o their_o deliverance_n as_o if_o they_o have_v have_v always_o a_o king_n in_o readiness_n to_o go_v up_o present_o to_o fight_v for_o they_o this_o despair_n in_o they_o who_o have_v find_v so_o many_o miraculous_a deliverance_n under_o god_n government_n be_v that_o which_o offend_v the_o lord_n so_o high_o they_o do_v not_o desire_v a_o alteration_n of_o government_n and_o to_o cast_v off_o god_n law_n but_o hope_v for_o a_o certain_a and_o speedy_a deliverance_n from_o danger_n in_o time_n of_o war._n they_o do_v not_o petition_n that_o they_o may_v choose_v their_o king_n themselves_o that_o have_v be_v a_o great_a sin_n and_o yet_o if_o they_o have_v it_o have_v not_o be_v a_o total_a rejection_n of_o god_n reign_v over_o they_o as_o long_o as_o they_o desire_v not_o to_o depart_v from_o the_o worship_n of_o god_n their_o king_n and_o from_o the_o obedience_n of_o his_o law_n i_o see_v not_o that_o the_o kingdom_n of_o god_n be_v cast_v off_o by_o the_o election_n of_o saul_n since_o saul_n be_v choose_v by_o god_n himself_o and_o govern_v according_a to_o god_n law_n the_o government_n from_o abraham_n to_o saul_n be_v no_o where_o call_v the_o kingdom_n of_o god_n nor_o be_v it_o say_v that_o the_o kingdom_n of_o god_n be_v cast_v off_o at_o the_o election_n of_o saul_n mr._n hobbs_n allow_v that_o moses_n alone_o have_v
to_o keep_v god_n law_n and_o the_o law_n of_o the_o country_n we_o find_v that_o the_o ruler_n of_o israel_n take_v a_o oath_n at_o the_o coronation_n of_o jehoash_n but_o we_o find_v no_o oath_n take_v by_o that_o king_n no_o not_o so_o much_o as_o to_o god_n law_n much_o less_o to_o the_o law_n of_o the_o country_n xii_o a_o tyrant_n be_v he_o who_o regard_v neither_o law_n nor_o the_o common_a good_a reign_v only_o for_o himself_o and_o his_o faction_n p._n 19_o in_o his_o defence_n he_o express_v himself_o thus_o he_o be_v a_o tyrant_n who_o look_v after_o only_o his_o own_o and_o not_o his_o people_n profit_n eth._n l._n 10._o p._n 189._o 1._o if_o it_o be_v tyranny_n not_o to_o regard_v the_o law_n than_o all_o court_n of_o equity_n and_o pardon_n for_o any_o offence_n must_v be_v take_v away_o there_o be_v far_o more_o suit_n for_o relief_n against_o the_o law_n than_o there_o be_v for_o the_o observation_n of_o the_o law_n there_o can_v be_v no_o such_o tyranny_n in_o the_o world_n as_o the_o law_n if_o there_o be_v no_o equity_n to_o abate_v the_o rigour_n of_o it_o summum_fw-la ius_n be_v summa_fw-la injuria_fw-la if_o the_o penalty_n and_o forfeiture_n of_o all_o law_n shall_v still_o be_v exact_v by_o all_o king_n it_o will_v be_v find_v that_o the_o great_a tyranny_n will_v be_v for_o a_o king_n to_o govern_v according_a to_o law_n the_o fine_n penalty_n and_o forfeiture_n of_o all_o law_n be_v due_a to_o the_o supreme_a power_n only_o and_o be_v they_o due_o pay_v they_o will_v far_o exceed_v the_o tax_n in_o all_o place_n it_o be_v the_o chief_a happiness_n of_o a_o kingdom_n and_o their_o chief_a liberty_n not_o to_o be_v govern_v by_o the_o law_n only_o 2._o not_o to_o regard_v the_o common_a good_a but_o to_o reign_v only_o for_o himself_o be_v the_o supposition_n of_o a_o impossibility_n in_o the_o judgement_n of_o aristotle_n who_o teach_v we_o that_o the_o despotical_a power_n can_v be_v preserve_v except_o the_o servant_n or_o he_o in_o 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be_v void_a be_v make_v by_o any_o owner_n whatsoever_o against_o the_o â—…ules_n of_o parsimony_n in_o both_o these_o time_n the_o right_a of_o rule_v and_o compel_v be_v as_o grotius_n acknowledge_v comprehend_v so_o far_o forth_o as_o child_n be_v to_o be_v compel_v to_o their_o duty_n or_o amend_v although_o the_o power_n of_o a_o parent_n dâ—…th_v so_o follow_v the_o person_n of_o a_o father_n that_o it_o can_v be_v pull_v away_o and_o transfer_v upon_o another_o yet_o the_o father_n may_v natural_o pawn_v or_o also_o sell_v his_o son_n if_o there_o be_v need_n in_o the_o three_o time_n he_o say_v the_o son_n be_v in_o all_o thing_n free_a and_o of_o his_o own_o authority_n always_o that_o duâ—…_n remain_v of_o piety_n and_o observance_n the_o cause_n of_o which_o be_v perpetual_a in_o this_o triple_a distinction_n though_o grotius_n allow_v child_n in_o some_o case_n during_o the_o second_o and_o in_o all_o case_n during_o the_o three_o time_n to_o be_v free_a and_o of_o their_o 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case_n can_v be_v put_v wherein_o by_o a_o just_a war_n a_o man_n may_v become_v a_o king_n pleno_fw-la jure_fw-la proprietatis_fw-la all_o government_n and_o supreme_a power_n be_v found_v upon_o public_a subjection_n which_o be_v thus_o define_v by_o grotius_n publica_n subjectio_fw-la est_fw-la qua_fw-la se_fw-la populus_fw-la homini_fw-la alicui_fw-la aut_fw-la pluribus_fw-la hominibus_fw-la aut_fw-la etiam_fw-la populo_fw-la alteri_fw-la in_o ditionem_fw-la that_fw-mi lib._n 2._o c._n 5._o if_o subjection_n be_v the_o gift_n of_o the_o people_n how_o can_v supreme_a power_n pleno_fw-la jure_fw-la in_o full_a right_n be_v get_v by_o a_o just_a war_n as_o to_o the_o other_o mean_n whereby_o king_n may_v get_v supreme_a power_n in_o full_a right_n of_o propriety_n grotius_n will_v have_v it_o to_o be_v when_o some_o people_n for_o avoid_v a_o
they_o may_v give_v full_a power_n to_o the_o king_n the_o example_n he_o bring_v out_o of_o plato_n of_o the_o heraclide_n do_v not_o prove_v it_o and_o it_o be_v to_o dream_v of_o such_o a_o form_n of_o government_n as_o never_o yet_o have_v name_n nor_o be_v ever_o find_v in_o any_o settle_a kingdom_n nor_o can_v possible_o be_v without_o strange_a confusion_n if_o it_o be_v a_o thing_n so_o voluntary_a and_o at_o the_o pleasure_n of_o man_n when_o they_o be_v free_a to_o put_v themselves_o under_o subjection_n why_o may_v they_o not_o as_o voluntary_o leave_v subjection_n when_o they_o please_v and_o be_v free_a again_o if_o they_o have_v a_o liberty_n to_o change_v their_o natural_a freedom_n into_o a_o voluntary_a subjection_n there_o be_v strong_a reason_n that_o they_o may_v change_v their_o voluntary_a subjection_n into_o natural_a freedom_n since_o it_o be_v as_o lawful_a for_o man_n to_o alter_v their_o will_n as_o their_o judgement_n certain_o it_o be_v a_o rare_a felicity_n that_o all_o the_o man_n in_o the_o world_n at_o one_o instant_a of_o time_n shall_v agree_v together_o in_o one_o mind_n to_o change_v the_o natural_a community_n of_o all_o thing_n into_o private_a dominion_n for_o without_o such_o a_o unanimous_a consent_n it_o be_v not_o possible_a for_o community_n to_o be_v alter_v for_o if_o but_o one_o man_n in_o the_o world_n have_v dissent_v the_o alteration_n have_v be_v unjust_a because_o that_o man_n by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n have_v a_o right_n to_o the_o common_a use_n of_o all_o thing_n in_o the_o world_n so_o that_o to_o have_v give_v a_o propriety_n of_o any_o one_o thing_n to_o any_o other_o have_v be_v to_o have_v rob_v he_o of_o his_o right_n to_o the_o common_a use_n of_o all_o thing_n and_o of_o this_o judgement_n the_o jesuit_n lud._n molina_n seem_v to_o be_v in_o his_o book_n de_fw-fr justitia_fw-la where_o he_o say_v si_fw-la aliquis_fw-la de_fw-la cohabit_v antibus_fw-la etc._n etc._n if_o one_o of_o the_o neighbour_n will_v not_o give_v his_o consent_n to_o it_o the_o commonwealth_n shall_v have_v no_o authority_n over_o he_o because_o then_o every_o other_o man_n have_v no_o right_a or_o authority_n over_o he_o and_o therefore_o can_v they_o not_o give_v authority_n to_o the_o commonwealth_n over_o he_o if_o our_o first_o parent_n or_o some_o other_o of_o our_o forefather_n do_v voluntary_o bring_v in_o propriety_n of_o good_n and_o subjection_n to_o governor_n and_o it_o be_v in_o their_o power_n either_o to_o bring_v they_o in_o or_o not_o or_o have_v bring_v they_o in_o to_o alter_v their_o mind_n and_o restore_v they_o to_o their_o first_o condition_n of_o community_n and_o liberty_n what_o reason_n can_v there_o be_v allege_v that_o man_n that_o now_o live_v shall_v not_o have_v the_o same_o power_n so_o that_o if_o any_o one_o man_n in_o the_o world_n be_v he_o never_o so_o mean_a or_o base_a will_v but_o alter_v his_o will_n and_o say_v he_o will_v resume_v his_o natural_a right_n to_o community_n and_o be_v restore_v unto_o his_o natural_a liberty_n and_o consequent_o take_v what_o he_o please_v and_o do_v what_o he_o list_v who_o can_v say_v that_o such_o a_o man_n do_v more_o than_o by_o right_o he_o may_v and_o then_o it_o will_v be_v lawful_a for_o every_o man_n when_o he_o please_v to_o dissolve_v all_o government_n and_o destroy_v all_o property_n whereas_o grotius_n say_v that_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n all_o thing_n be_v at_o first_o common_a and_o yet_o teach_v that_o after_o propriety_n be_v bring_v in_o it_o be_v against_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n to_o use_v community_n he_o do_v thereby_o not_o only_o make_v the_o law_n of_o nature_n changeable_a which_o he_o say_v god_fw-we can_v do_v but_o he_o also_o make_v the_o law_n of_o nature_n contrary_n to_o itself_o the_o anarchy_n of_o a_o limit_a or_o mix_v monarchy_n the_o preface_n we_o do_v but_o flatter_v ourselves_o if_o we_o hope_v ever_o to_o be_v govern_v without_o a_o arbitrary_a power_n no_o we_o mistake_v the_o question_n be_v not_o whether_o there_o shall_v be_v a_o arbitrary_a power_n but_o the_o only_a point_n be_v who_o shall_v have_v that_o arbitrary_a power_n whether_o one_o man_n or_o many_o there_o never_o be_v nor_o ever_o can_v be_v any_o people_n govern_v without_o a_o power_n of_o make_v law_n and_o every_o power_n of_o make_v law_n must_v be_v arbitrary_a for_o to_o make_v a_o law_n according_a to_o law_n be_v contradictio_fw-la in_o adjecto_fw-la it_o be_v general_o confess_v that_o in_o a_o democracy_n the_o supreme_a or_o arbitrary_a power_n of_o make_v law_n be_v in_o a_o multitude_n and_o so_o in_o a_o aristocracy_n the_o like_a legislative_a or_o arbitrary_a power_n be_v in_o a_o few_o or_o in_o the_o nobility_n and_o therefore_o by_o a_o necessary_a consequence_n in_o a_o monarchy_n the_o same_o legislative_a power_n must_v be_v in_o one_o according_a to_o the_o rule_n of_o aristotle_n who_o say_v government_n be_v in_o one_o or_o in_o a_o few_o or_o in_o many_o this_o ancient_a doctrine_n of_o government_n in_o these_o latter_a day_n have_v be_v strange_o refine_v by_o the_o romanist_n and_o wonderful_o improve_v since_o the_o reformation_n especial_o in_o point_n of_o monarchy_n by_o a_o opinion_n that_o the_o people_n have_v original_o a_o power_n to_o create_v several_a sort_n of_o monarchy_n to_o limit_v and_o compound_v they_o with_o other_o form_n of_o government_n at_o their_o pleasure_n as_o for_o this_o natural_a power_n of_o the_o people_n they_o find_v neither_o scripture_n reason_n or_o practise_v to_o justify_v it_o for_o though_o several_a kingdom_n have_v several_a and_o distinct_a law_n one_o from_o another_o yet_o that_o do_v not_o make_v several_a sort_n of_o monarchy_n nor_o do_v the_o difference_n of_o obtain_v the_o supreme_a power_n whether_o by_o conquest_n election_n succession_n or_o by_o any_o other_o way_n make_v different_a sort_n of_o government_n it_o be_v the_o difference_n only_o of_o the_o author_n of_o the_o law_n and_o not_o of_o the_o law_n themselves_o that_o alter_v the_o form_n of_o government_n that_o be_v whether_o one_o man_n or_o more_o than_o one_o make_v the_o law_n since_o the_o growth_n of_o this_o new_a doctrine_n of_o the_o limitation_n and_o mixture_n of_o monarchy_n it_o be_v most_o apparent_a that_o monarchy_n have_v be_v crucify_v as_o it_o be_v between_o two_o thief_n the_o pope_n and_o the_o people_n for_o what_o principle_n the_o papist_n make_v use_n of_o for_o the_o power_n of_o the_o pope_n above_o king_n the_o very_a same_o by_o blot_v out_o the_o word_n pope_n and_o put_v in_o the_o word_n people_n the_o plebist_n take_v up_o to_o use_v against_o their_o sovereign_n if_o we_o will_v true_o know_v what_o popery_n be_v we_o shall_v find_v by_o the_o law_n and_o statute_n of_o the_o realm_n that_o the_o main_a and_o indeed_o the_o only_a point_n of_o popery_n be_v the_o alienate_n and_o withdraw_v of_o subject_n from_o their_o obedience_n to_o their_o prince_n to_o raise_v sedition_n and_o rebellion_n if_o popery_n and_o popularity_n agree_v in_o this_o point_n the_o king_n of_o christendom_n that_o have_v shake_v off_o the_o power_n of_o the_o pope_n have_v make_v no_o great_a bargain_n of_o it_o if_o in_o place_n of_o one_o lord_n abroad_o they_o get_v many_o lord_n at_o home_n within_o their_o own_o kingdom_n i_o can_v but_o reverence_v that_o form_n of_o government_n which_o be_v allow_v and_o make_v use_n of_o for_o god_n own_o people_n and_o for_o all_o other_o nation_n it_o be_v impiety_n to_o think_v that_o god_n who_o be_v careful_a to_o appoint_v judicial_a law_n for_o his_o choose_a people_n will_v not_o furnish_v they_o with_o the_o best_a form_n of_o government_n or_o to_o imagine_v that_o the_o rule_v give_v in_o divers_a place_n in_o the_o gospel_n by_o our_o bless_a saviour_n and_o his_o apostle_n for_o obedience_n to_o king_n shall_v now_o like_o almanac_n out_o of_o date_n be_v of_o no_o use_n to_o we_o because_o it_o be_v pretend_v we_o have_v a_o form_n of_o government_n now_o not_o once_o think_v of_o in_o those_o day_n it_o be_v a_o shame_n and_o scandal_n for_o we_o christian_n to_o seek_v the_o original_a of_o government_n from_o the_o invention_n or_o fiction_n of_o poet_n orator_n philosopher_n and_o heathen_a historian_n who_o all_o live_v thousand_o of_o year_n after_o the_o creation_n and_o be_v in_o a_o manner_n ignorant_a of_o it_o and_o to_o neglect_v the_o scripture_n which_o have_v with_o more_o authority_n most_o particular_o give_v we_o the_o true_a ground_n and_o principle_n of_o government_n these_o consideration_n cause_v i_o to_o scruple_n this_o modern_a piece_n of_o politic_n touch_v limit_v and_o mix_v monarchy_n and_o find_v no_o other_o that_o present_v we_o with_o the_o nature_n and_o mean_n of_o limitation_n
give_v and_o take_v away_o kingdom_n and_o thereby_o to_o adopt_v subject_n into_o the_o obedience_n of_o another_o fatherly_a power_n according_a to_o that_o of_o arist._n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d a_o monarchy_n or_o kingdom_n will_v be_v a_o fatherly_a government_n ethic._n l._n 8._o c._n 12._o however_o the_o natural_a freedom_n of_o the_o people_n be_v cry_v up_o as_o the_o sole_a mean_n to_o determine_v the_o kind_a government_n and_o the_o governor_n yet_o in_o the_o close_a all_o the_o favourer_n of_o this_o opinion_n be_v constrain_v to_o grant_v that_o the_o obedience_n which_o be_v due_a to_o the_o fatherly_a power_n be_v the_o true_a and_o only_a cause_n of_o the_o subjection_n which_o we_o that_o be_v now_o live_v give_v to_o king_n since_o none_o of_o we_o give_v consent_n to_o government_n but_o only_o our_o forefather_n act_v and_o consent_n have_v conclude_v we_o whereas_o many_o confess_v that_o government_n only_o in_o the_o abstract_n be_v the_o ordinance_n of_o god_n they_o be_v not_o able_a to_o prove_v any_o such_o ordinance_n in_o the_o scripture_n but_o only_o in_o the_o fatherly_a power_n and_o therefore_o we_o find_v the_o commandment_n that_o enjoin_v obedience_n to_o superior_n give_v in_o the_o term_n of_o honour_n thy_o father_n so_o that_o not_o only_o the_o power_n or_o right_v of_o government_n but_o the_o form_n of_o the_o power_n of_o govern_v and_o the_o person_n have_v that_o power_n be_v all_o the_o ordinance_n of_o god_n the_o first_o father_n have_v not_o only_o simple_o power_n but_o power_n monarchical_a as_o he_o be_v a_o father_n immediate_o from_o god_n for_o by_o the_o appointment_n of_o god_n as_o soon_o as_o adam_n be_v create_v he_o be_v monarch_n of_o the_o world_n though_o he_o have_v no_o subject_n for_o though_o there_o can_v not_o be_v actual_a government_n until_o there_o be_v subject_n yet_o by_o the_o right_n of_o nature_n it_o be_v due_a to_o adam_n to_o be_v governor_n of_o his_o posterity_n though_o not_o in_o act_n yet_o at_o least_o in_o habit_n adam_n be_v a_o king_n from_o his_o creation_n and_o in_o the_o state_n of_o innocency_n he_o have_v be_v governor_n of_o his_o child_n for_o the_o integrity_n or_o excellency_n of_o the_o subject_n do_v not_o take_v away_o the_o order_n or_o eminency_n of_o the_o governor_n eve_n be_v subject_a to_o adam_n before_o he_o sin_v the_o angel_n who_o be_v of_o a_o pure_a nature_n be_v subject_a to_o god_n which_o confute_v their_o say_n who_o in_o disgrace_n of_o civil_a government_n or_o power_n say_v it_o be_v bring_v in_o by_o sin_n government_n as_o to_o coactive_a power_n be_v after_o sin_n because_o coaction_n suppose_v some_o disorder_n which_o be_v not_o in_o the_o state_n of_o innocency_n but_o as_o for_o directive_n power_n the_o condition_n of_o humane_a nature_n require_v it_o since_o civil_a society_n can_v be_v imagine_v without_o power_n of_o government_n for_o although_o as_o long_o as_o man_n continue_v in_o the_o state_n of_o innocency_n they_o may_v not_o need_v the_o direction_n of_o adam_n in_o those_o thing_n which_o be_v necessary_o and_o moral_o to_o be_v do_v yet_o thing_n indifferent_a that_o depend_v mere_o on_o their_o free_a will_n may_v be_v direct_v by_o the_o power_n of_o adam_n command_n if_o we_o consider_v the_o first_o plantation_n of_o the_o world_n which_o be_v after_o the_o build_n of_o babel_n when_o the_o confusion_n of_o tongue_n be_v we_o may_v find_v the_o division_n of_o the_o earth_n into_o distinct_a kingdom_n and_o country_n by_o several_a family_n whereof_o the_o son_n or_o grandchild_n of_o noah_n be_v the_o king_n or_o governor_n by_o a_o fatherly_a right_n and_o for_o the_o preservation_n of_o this_o power_n and_o right_n in_o the_o father_n god_n be_v please_v upon_o several_a family_n to_o bestow_v a_o language_n on_o each_o by_o itself_o the_o better_a to_o unite_v it_o into_o a_o nation_n or_o kingdom_n as_o appear_v by_o the_o word_n of_o the_o text_n gen._n 10._o these_o be_v the_o family_n of_o the_o son_n of_o noah_n after_o their_o generation_n in_o their_o nation_n and_o by_o these_o be_v the_o nation_n divide_v in_o the_o earth_n after_o the_o flood_n every_o one_o after_o his_o tongue_n after_o their_o family_n in_o their_o nation_n the_o king_n of_o england_n have_v be_v gracious_o please_v to_o admit_v and_o accept_v the_o commons_o in_o parliament_n as_o the_o representee_n of_o the_o kingdom_n yet_o real_o and_o true_o they_o be_v not_o the_o representative_a body_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n the_o commons_o in_o parliament_n be_v not_o the_o representative_a body_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n they_o do_v not_o represent_v the_o king_n who_o be_v the_o head_n and_o principal_a member_n of_o the_o kingdom_n nor_o do_v they_o represent_v the_o lord_n who_o be_v the_o noble_a and_o high_a part_n of_o the_o body_n of_o the_o realm_n and_o be_v personal_o present_a in_o parliament_n and_o therefore_o need_v no_o representation_n the_o commons_o only_o represent_v a_o part_n of_o the_o low_a 〈◊〉_d inferior_a part_n of_o the_o body_n of_o the_o people_n which_o be_v the_o freeholders_n worth_n 40_o s._n by_o the_o year_n and_o the_o commons_o or_o freeman_n of_o city_n and_o burrough_n or_o the_o major_a part_n of_o they_o all_o which_o be_v not_o one_o quarter_n nay_o not_o a_o ten_o part_n of_o the_o commons_o of_o the_o kingdom_n for_o in_o every_o parish_n for_o one_o freeholder_n there_o may_v be_v find_v ten_o that_o be_v no_o freeholders_n and_o ancient_o before_o rent_n be_v improve_v there_o be_v nothing_o near_o so_o many_o freeholders_n of_o 40_o s._n by_o the_o year_n as_o now_o be_v to_o be_v find_v the_o scope_n and_o conclusion_n of_o this_o discourse_n and_o argument_n be_v that_o the_o people_n take_v in_o what_o notion_n or_o sense_n soever_o either_o diffusive_o collective_o or_o representative_o have_v not_o nor_o can_v exercise_v any_o right_a or_o power_n of_o their_o own_o by_o nature_n either_o in_o choose_v or_o in_o regulate_v king_n but_o whatsoever_o power_n any_o people_n do_v lawful_o exercise_v it_o must_v receive_v it_o from_o a_o supreme_a power_n on_o earth_n and_o practise_v it_o with_o such_o limitation_n as_o that_o superior_a power_n shall_v appoint_v to_o return_v to_o our_o author_n he_o divide_v monarchy_n into_o absolute_a limit_v absolute_a monarchy_n say_v he_o be_v when_o the_o 6._o sovereignty_n be_v so_o full_o in_o one_o that_o it_o have_v no_o limit_n or_o bound_n under_o god_n but_o his_o own_o will_n this_o definition_n of_o his_o i_o embrace_v and_o as_o before_o i_o charge_v our_o author_n for_o not_o give_v we_o a_o definition_n of_o monarchy_n in_o general_n so_o i_o now_o note_v he_o for_o not_o afford_v we_o any_o definition_n of_o any_o other_o particular_a â—…nd_n of_o monarchy_n but_o only_o of_o absolute_a it_o may_v peradventure_o make_v some_o doubt_n that_o there_o be_v no_o other_o sort_n but_o only_o that_o which_o he_o call_v absolute_a concern_v absolute_a monarchy_n he_o grant_v that_o such_o be_v the_o ancient_a eastern_a monarchy_n and_o that_o of_o the_o turk_n and_o persian_a at_o this_o day_n herein_o he_o say_v very_o true_a and_o we_o must_v remember_v he_o though_o he_o do_v not_o mention_v they_o that_o the_o monarch_n of_o judah_n and_o israel_n must_v be_v comprehend_v under_o the_o number_n of_o those_o he_o call_v the_o eastern_a monarchy_n and_o true_o if_o he_o have_v say_v that_o all_o the_o ancient_a monarchy_n of_o the_o world_n have_v be_v absolute_a i_o shall_v not_o have_v quarreld_v at_o he_o â—…or_n do_v i_o know_v who_o can_v have_v disprove_v he_o next_o it_o follow_v that_o absolute_a monarchy_n be_v when_o 〈◊〉_d people_n be_v absolute_o resign_v up_o or_o resign_v up_o themselves_o to_o be_v govern_v by_o the_o will_n of_o one_o man_n where_o man_n put_v themselves_o into_o this_o utmost_a degree_n of_o subjection_n by_o oath_n and_o contract_n or_o be_v bear_v and_o bring_v 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the_o remedy_n prove_v worse_a than_o the_o disease_n in_o all_o great_a distress_n the_o body_n of_o the_o people_n be_v ever_o constrain_v to_o rise_v and_o by_o force_n of_o the_o major_a party_n to_o put_v a_o end_n to_o all_o intestine_a strife_n and_o make_v a_o redress_n of_o all_o public_a grievance_n but_o many_o time_n calamity_n grow_v to_o a_o strange_a height_n before_o so_o cumbersome_a a_o body_n can_v be_v raise_v and_o when_o it_o be_v raise_v the_o motion_n of_o it_o be_v so_o distract_v and_o irregular_a that_o after_o much_o spoil_n and_o effusion_n of_o blood_n sometime_o only_o one_o tyranny_n be_v exchange_v for_o another_o till_o some_o be_v invent_v to_o regulate_v the_o motion_n of_o the_o people_n moliminous_a body_n i_o think_v arbitrary_a rule_n be_v most_o safe_a for_o the_o world_n but_o now_o since_o most_o country_n have_v find_v a_o art_n and_o peaceable_a order_n for_o public_a assembly_n whereby_o the_o people_n may_v assume_v its_o own_o power_n 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act_n of_o every_o court_n may_v not_o only_o be_v uncertain_a but_o invalid_a and_o cause_n of_o tumult_n and_o sedition_n and_o if_o all_o these_o doubt_n and_o division_n have_v need_v to_o be_v solemn_o solve_v as_o our_o observator_fw-la confess_v then_o he_o have_v no_o reason_n at_o all_o to_o say_v that_o now_o the_o condition_n of_o supreme_a lord_n be_v wise_o determine_v and_o quiet_o conserve_v or_o that_o now_o most_o country_n have_v find_v out_o a_o art_n and_o peaceable_a order_n for_o public_a affair_n whereby_o the_o people_n may_v resume_v its_o own_o power_n to_o do_v itself_o right_a without_o injury_n unto_o prince_n for_o how_o can_v the_o underive_v majesty_n of_o the_o people_n by_o assume_v its_o own_o power_n tell_v how_o to_o do_v herself_o right_n or_o how_o to_o avoid_v do_v injury_n to_o the_o prince_n if_o her_o jurisdiction_n be_v uncertain_a and_o privilege_n undetermined_a he_o tell_v we_o now_o most_o country_n have_v find_v a_o art_n and_o peaceable_a order_n for_o public_a assembly_n and_o to_o the_o intent_n that_o prince_n may_v not_o be_v now_o beyond_o all_o limit_n and_o law_n the_o whole_a community_n in_o its_o underive_v majesty_n shall_v convene_v to_o do_v justice._n but_o he_o do_v not_o name_n so_o much_o as_o one_o country_n or_o kingdom_n that_o have_v find_v out_o this_o art_n where_o the_o whole_a community_n in_o its_o underive_v majesty_n do_v ever_o convene_v to_o do_v justice_n i_o challenge_v he_o or_o any_o other_o for_o he_o to_o name_v but_o one_o kingdom_n that_o have_v either_o now_o or_o heretofore_o find_v out_o this_o art_n or_o peaceable_a order_n we_o do_v hear_v a_o great_a rumour_n in_o this_o age_n of_o moderate_v and_o limit_v king_n poland_n sweden_n and_o denmark_n be_v talk_v of_o for_o such_o and_o in_o these_o kingdom_n or_o nowhere_o be_v such_o a_o moderate_v government_n as_o our_o observator_fw-la mean_n to_o be_v find_v
a_o little_a enquiry_n will_v be_v make_v into_o the_o manner_n of_o the_o government_n of_o these_o kingdom_n for_o these_o northern_a people_n as_o bodin_n observe_v breath_n after_o liberty_n first_o for_o poland_n boterus_n say_v that_o the_o government_n of_o it_o be_v elective_a altogether_o and_o represent_v rather_o a_o aristocracy_n than_o a_o kingdom_n the_o nobility_n who_o have_v great_a authority_n in_o the_o diet_n choose_v the_o king_n and_o limit_v his_o authority_n make_v his_o sovereignty_n but_o a_o slavish_a royalty_n these_o diminution_n of_o regality_n begin_v first_o by_o default_n of_o king_n lewis_n and_o jagello_n who_o to_o gain_v the_o succession_n in_o the_o kingdom_n contrary_a to_o the_o law_n one_o for_o his_o daughter_n and_o the_o other_o for_o his_o son_n depart_v with_o many_o of_o his_o royalty_n and_o prerogative_n to_o buy_v the_o voice_n of_o the_o nobility_n the_o french_a author_n of_o the_o book_n call_v the_o estate_n of_o the_o world_n do_v inform_v we_o that_o the_o prince_n authority_n be_v more_o free_a not_o be_v subject_n to_o any_o law_n and_o have_v absolute_a power_n not_o only_o of_o their_o estate_n but_o also_o of_o life_n and_o death_n since_o christian_a religion_n be_v receive_v it_o begin_v to_o be_v moderate_v first_o by_o holy_a admonition_n of_o the_o bishop_n and_o clergy_n and_o then_o by_o service_n of_o the_o nobility_n in_o war_n religious_a prince_n give_v many_o honour_n and_o many_o liberty_n to_o the_o clergy_n and_o nobility_n and_o quit_v much_o of_o their_o right_n the_o which_o their_o successor_n have_v continue_v the_o superior_a dignity_n be_v reduce_v to_o two_o degree_n that_o be_v the_o palatinate_n and_o the_o chastelleine_a for_o that_o king_n in_o former_a time_n do_v by_o little_a and_o little_o call_v these_o man_n to_o public_a consultation_n notwithstanding_o that_o they_o have_v absolute_a power_n to_o do_v all_o thing_n of_o themselves_o to_o command_v dispose_n recompense_n and_o punish_v of_o their_o own_o motion_n since_o they_o have_v ordain_v that_o these_o dignity_n shall_v make_v the_o body_n of_o a_o senate_n the_o king_n do_v not_o challenge_v much_o right_a and_o power_n over_o his_o nobility_n nor_o over_o their_o estate_n neither_o have_v he_o any_o over_o the_o clergy_n and_o though_o the_o king_n authority_n depend_v on_o the_o nobility_n for_o his_o election_n yet_o in_o many_o thing_n it_o be_v absolute_a after_o he_o be_v choose_v he_o appoint_v the_o diet_n at_o what_o time_n and_o place_n he_o please_v he_o choose_v lay-councellor_n and_o nominate_v the_o bishop_n and_o who_o he_o will_v have_v to_o be_v his_o privy_a council_n he_o be_v absolute_a disposer_n of_o the_o revenue_n of_o the_o crown_n he_o be_v absolute_a establisher_n of_o the_o decree_n of_o the_o diet_n it_o be_v in_o his_o power_n to_o advance_v and_o reward_v who_o he_o please_v he_o be_v lord_n immediate_a of_o his_o subject_n but_o not_o of_o his_o nobility_n he_o be_v sovereign_a judge_n of_o his_o nobility_n in_o criminal_a cause_n the_o power_n of_o the_o nobility_n daily_o increase_v for_o that_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o king_n election_n they_o neither_o have_v law_n rule_n nor_o form_n to_o do_v it_o neither_o by_o write_v nor_o tradition_n as_o the_o king_n govern_v his_o subject_n which_o be_v immediate_o he_o with_o absolute_a authority_n so_o the_o nobility_n dispose_v immediate_o of_o their_o vassal_n over_o who_o every_o one_o have_v more_o than_o a_o regal_a power_n so_o as_o they_o entreat_v they_o like_o slave_n there_o be_v certain_a man_n in_o poland_n who_o be_v call_v earthly_a messenger_n or_o nuntio_n they_o be_v as_o it_o be_v agent_n of_o jurisdiction_n or_o circle_n of_o the_o nobility_n these_o have_v a_o certain_a authority_n and_o as_o boterus_n say_v in_o the_o time_n of_o their_o diet_n these_o man_n assemble_v in_o a_o place_n near_o to_o the_o senate-house_n where_o they_o choose_v two_o marshal_n by_o who_o but_o with_o a_o tribune-like_a authority_n they_o signify_v unto_o the_o council_n what_o their_o request_n be_v not_o long_o since_o their_o authority_n and_o reputation_n grow_v so_o mighty_o that_o they_o now_o carry_v themselves_o as_o head_n and_o governor_n rather_o than_o officer_n and_o minister_n of_o the_o public_a decree_n of_o the_o state_n one_o of_o the_o council_n refuse_v his_o senator_n place_n to_o become_v one_o of_o these_o officer_n every_o palatine_a the_o king_n require_v it_o call_v together_o all_o the_o nobility_n of_o his_o palatinate_n where_o have_v propound_v unto_o they_o the_o matter_n whereon_o they_o be_v to_o treat_v and_o their_o will_n be_v know_v they_o choose_v four_o or_o six_o out_o of_o the_o company_n of_o the_o earthly_a messenger_n these_o deputy_n meet_v and_o make_v one_o body_n which_o they_o call_v the_o order_n of_o knight_n this_o be_v of_o late_a year_n the_o manner_n and_o order_n of_o the_o government_n of_o poland_n it_o be_v not_o possible_a for_o the_o observator_fw-la to_o find_v among_o they_o that_o the_o whole_a community_n in_o its_o underive_v majesty_n do_v ever_o convene_v to_o do_v justice_n nor_o any_o election_n or_o representation_n of_o the_o community_n or_o that_o the_o people_n assume_v its_o own_o power_n to_o do_v itself_o right_a the_o earthly_a messenger_n though_o they_o may_v be_v think_v to_o represent_v the_o commons_o and_o of_o late_o take_v much_o upon_o they_o yet_o they_o be_v elect_v and_o choose_v by_o the_o nobility_n as_o their_o agent_n and_o officer_n the_o community_n be_v either_o vassal_n to_o the_o king_n or_o to_o the_o nobility_n and_o enjoy_v as_o little_a freedom_n or_o liberty_n as_o any_o nation_n but_o it_o may_v be_v say_v perhaps_o that_o though_o the_o community_n do_v not_o limit_v the_o king_n yet_o the_o nobility_n do_v and_o so_o he_o be_v a_o limit_a monarchy_n the_o answer_n be_v that_o in_o truth_n though_o the_o nobility_n at_o the_o choose_n of_o their_o 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