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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A18098	The Spanish colonie, or Briefe chronicle of the acts and gestes of the Spaniardes in the West Indies, called the newe world, for the space of xl. yeeres: written in the Castilian tongue by the reuerend Bishop Bartholomew de las Cases or Casaus, a friar of the order of S. Dominicke. And nowe first translated into english, by M.M.S.; Brevísima relación de la destrucción de las Indias. English	Casas, Bartolomé de las, 1474-1566.; M. M. S., fl. 1583.	1583 (1583)	STC 4739; ESTC S104917	106,639	150

as afore time neither are they sory for the contrition of Ioseph The other is that in maner euery man generally hath an eye to his owne priuat affaires no 〈…〉 the common vnlesse it bee to reproove but not to help ●atr●● possesseth many of their heartes and which is more strange although there bee many in these Countries that haue heretofore felt the manifest iniuries of the spaniards yet as if their memo●y wholy failed them they be redy to compound with the 〈◊〉 they suppose to the destruction of their confederates 〈◊〉 in 〈◊〉 to the generall subuersion of the whole countrie To the end therfore they may at the least 〈◊〉 in a ●able behold the nature of their enimie his purpose intent here ●asueth a true history written by one of their owne nation wherein they may learne not that which is yet fully executed in these low countries but which had not god stopped their course they had long since put in execution and hereby I hope al good men wil 〈◊〉 to be resolute and ●mending their liues 〈◊〉 ioy●● 〈◊〉 not in wordes only but in deedes also to repell so arrogant and 〈◊〉 an enemie But there needeth no other admonitiō then the same which the authour hath set down and therefore I pray you reade him as diligently as he 〈…〉 graue and worthy 〈…〉 himselfe to his owne so cruell and barbarous nation and let vs render thanks to god for sending vs so good maisters to instructe vs in our dueties in this so miserable and wretched time in hope ●hat we not quailing in our office he will also finally graunt vs happie deliuerance The Argument of this present Summarie THe state of thinges happened in the Indies euen from the time they were most wonderfully discouered also since the Spaniards for a while began to enhabite those places and afterward successiuely vnto these daies haue in all degrees bin so maruailous incredible vnto such as haue not seen thē that they may seeme sufficient to darken and burie in obliuion and silence whatsoeuer els haue passed in all former ages throughout the world howe great so euer is hath been amongst which the slaughters and murders of these innocent people together with the spoiles of townes prouinces kingdomes which in those parts haue bin perpretated as also diuers others no lesse terrible matters are not the least These things whē dō Bart●●●w de las Casa●s being made of a monke a bishop at his comming to the court there to enforme our ● M. the Emperor as hauing 〈◊〉 an eiewitnes of the same had rehearsed to sundry persons who as yet were ignorant thereof thereby hauing driuen the hearers into a kind of extasie maze he was importunately requested briefly to set down in writing some of them 〈◊〉 of y e last which he did But afterward seeing sundry persons who deuoyd of remorse and compassion being through auarice ambition degenerate frō all humanitie and who by their execrable deedes were grown into a reprobate sence not being satisfied with such fellonies mischiefs as they had committed in destroying such a part of y e world by all strāge kinds of cruelties were now again importunate vppon the King to the ende vnder his authoritie and consent they might once more returne to committe the like or worse if worse might be he determined to exhibite the saide Summarie which he had in writing and record vnto our Lorde the prince to the ende his highnesse might finde meanes that they shoulde be denied which he thought best to put in print to the ende his highnesse might with more ease reade the same This therefore was the cause of this present Summarie or briefe information The Prologue of the Bishop Frier Bartholomewe de las Casas or Casaus to the most high and mightie prince Our Lord Don Philip Prince of Spaine MOst high and mightie Lorde as god by his prouidente hath for the guiding and commoditie of mankinde in this world in Realmes and Prouinces appointed kings to bee as fathers and as Homer nameth them shepheardes and so consequently the most noble principall mēbers of cōmon weales so can we not iustly doubt by reason of the good willes that kings and princes haue to minister iustice but that if there be any thinges amisse either any violences or iniuries committed the only cause that they are not redressed is for y t princes haue no notice of the same For certainely if they knew of them they would imploy all diligence and indeuour in the remedie thereof Whereof it seemeth that mention is made in the holy Scripture in the Prouerbes of Salomon where it is said Rex qui sedet in solio Iudicii dissipat omne malum intuitu suo For it is sufficiently to be presupposed euen of the kindly and natural vertue of a king that the only notice that he taketh of any mischiefe tormenting his kingdome is sufficient to procure him if it bee possible to roote out the same as being a thing that hee cannot tollerate euen one only moment of time Considering therefore with my selfe most mightie Lord the great mischiefes dammages and losses the like wherof it is not to be thoght were euer cōmitted by mankind of so large and great kingdoms or to speake more truely of this so large new world of the Indies which God and holy Churche haue cōmitted cōmēded vnto the K. of castile to the end they might gouern cōuert procure their prosperitie as well temporally as spiritually I therefore I say being a man of experience and filtie yeeres of age or more considering these euils as hauing seene them committed at my being in those countreys Also that your highnes hauing information of some notable particularities might be mooued most earnestly to desire his Maiestie not to graunt or permit to those tyrantes such conquestes as they haue found out and which they do so name whereinto if they might be suffered they would returne seeing that of themselues being made against this Indian peaceable lowly milde nation which offendeth none they be wicked tyrannous and by all lawes either naturall humaine or diuine vtterly condemned detested and accursed I thought it best least my selfe might become also guiltie by concealing the losse of an infinite number both of soules bodies whiche are so cōmitted to cause a few of their dealinges which of late I had selected frō amōg infinit others and that might truely bee reported to bee printed to the ende your highnes might with more ease peruse and reade them ouer Also whereas your highnes maister the Archbishop of Toleto when hee was bishop of Carthagena required them at my handes and then presented them to your highnes peraduenture by reason of such great voiages as your highnes tooke vpon you both by sea and by land for matters of estate wherein you haue bin busied it may be you haue not perused either haue forgotten them and in the meane time the rash and

the edge of the sword They made certayne Gibbets long and low in such sort that the feete of the hanged on touched in a maner the ground euery one enough for thirteene in the honour and worship of our Sauiour and his twelue Apostles as they vsed to speake and setting to fire burned them all quicke that were fastened Vnto all others whom they vsed to take and reserue aliue cutting off their two handes as neere as might bee and so letting them hang they sayd Get you with these letters to carry tydinges to those which are fled by the mountaines They murdered commonly the Lordes and nobilitie on this fashion They made certayne gra●es of perches layed on pickforkes and made a litle fire vnderneath to the intent that by litle and litle yelling and despeiring in these tormentes they might giue vp the ghost One time I sawe foure or fiue of the principall Lordes roasted and broyled vppon these gradeirons Also I thinke that there were two or three of these gredirons garmshed with the lyke furniture and for that they cryed out pitioussy which thing troubled the Captayne that hee could not then sleepe hee commaunded to strangle them The Sergeant which was worse then the hangman that burned them I knowe his name and friendes in Seuill woulde not haue them strangled but him se●fe putting boulets in their mouthes to the ende y t they should not crie put to the fire vntil they were softly rosted after his desire I haue seene all the aforesayd things and others infinite And forasmuch as all the people which coulde flee hid themselues in the mountaynes and mounted on the toppes of them fled from the men so without all manhood emptie of all pitie behauing them as sauage beastes the slaughterers and deadly enemies of mankinde they taught their houndes fierce dogs to teare them in peeces at the first viewe and in the space that one might say a Credo assayled and deuoured an Indian as if it had been a swine These dogges wrought great destructions and slaughters And forasmuche as sometimes although seldom when the indians put to death some Spaniards vpon good right and lawe of due Iustice they made a Lawe betweene them that for one Spaniarde they had to stay an hundreth Indians The realmes which were in this Ile of Hispaniola THere were in this Ile Hispaniola fiue greate principall realmes and fiue very mightie Kinges vnto whome almost all the other Lordes obeyed whiche were without number There were also certaine Lordes of other seuerall Prouinces which did not acknowledge for soueraigne any of these Kinges One realme was named Magua which is as much to say as the kingdome of the playne This plaine is one of the most famous and most admirable thinges of all that is in the worlde For it contayneth fourescore leagues of grounde from the South sea vnto the North sea hauing in breadth fiue leagues and eight vnto tenne It hath in one side and other exceeding high mountaynes There entreth into it aboue thirtie thousande riuers and lakes of the which twelue are as great as Ebro and Duero and Guadalqueuir And all the riuers which issue out of a Mountayne which is towardes the West in number about fiue and twentie thousande are very rich of golde In the which mountayne or mountaynes is contayned the prouince of Cibao from whence the mines of Cibao take their names and from whence commeth the same exquisite golde and fiue of 24. karrets which is so renowined in these partes The King and Lorde of this realme was called Guarionex which had vnder him his Vassals and Lieges so great and mightie that euery one of them was able to set forth threescore thousande men of armes for the seruice of the king Guarionex Of the which Lordes I haue knowen some certayne This Guarionex was very obedient and vertuous naturally desirous of peace and well affectioned to the deuotion of the kings of Castile and his people gaue by his commaundement euery housekeeper a certayne kinde of Dromme full of golde but afterwardes being not able to fill the Dromme cutte it off by the middest and gaue the halfe thereof full For the Indians of that Ile had litle or none industrie or practise to gather or drawe golde out of the mines This Caceque presented vnto the king of Castile his seruice in causing to be manured all the landes from the Isavella where the Spanish first sited vnto the Towne of Saint Domingo which are fittie leagues large on condition that hee shoulde exact of them no golde for he sayd and hee sayde the trueth that his subiectes had not the skill to drawe it out As for the manuring which he sayde hee woulde procure to bee done I knowe that hee coulde haue done it very easely and with great readinesse and that it woulde haue been worth vnto the king euery yeere more then three Millions of Castillans besids that it would haue caused that at this houre there had bin aboue fiftie Cities greater then Seuille The payment that they made to this good king and Lord so gracious and so redowbted was to dishonour him in the person of his wife an euill Christian a Captayne rauishing her This king coulde haue attended the tune and opportunitie to auenge him selfe in leuying 〈…〉 drawe him selfe rather and onely 〈…〉 thus being banished from his real●e 〈…〉 of the Cignaios where there was a great Lorde his 〈◊〉 After that the Spaniardes were 〈◊〉 of his 〈◊〉 and ●ee coulde 〈…〉 himselfe 〈…〉 against the Lorde whiche had 〈…〉 and make great ●l●●ghters through the coun●●●y 〈◊〉 they goe 〈…〉 they found and tooke 〈…〉 a Shippe to carrie him to C●stile which shippe was lost uppon the sea and there were wi●h him drowned many Spaniardes and a great quantitie of Golde amongst the whiche also 〈◊〉 the great 〈◊〉 of Golde 〈…〉 weying three thousande 〈…〉 GOD to wreake 〈…〉 The other rea●●tie was called of Mar●●● where 〈◊〉 at this day the port at one of the ●oundes of the play●● 〈◊〉 the North and it is farre greater then the rea●●e of Portugall 〈◊〉 of golde and copper 〈…〉 The king was called 〈◊〉 which had 〈…〉 many great Lordes of the which I have knowen and seene sundrie 〈…〉 first the 〈◊〉 admyrall when he ●●co●ered the I●dies whom at that time that he discouered the Ile the said 〈…〉 so graciously bountifully 〈◊〉 withall the Spaniardes who were with him in 〈◊〉 him 〈…〉 which the Admirall was carried in that he ●●ulde not haue 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 made off in his owne countrey of his owne father This did I ●nderstand of the Admyrals owne mouth This king died in 〈◊〉 the slaughters and cruelties of the Spaniards through 〈…〉 ●●●yng destroyed and ●epri●ed of his 〈◊〉 And in the 〈◊〉 Lordes his subi●ctes died in the tyrannie and 〈◊〉 that shall be declared hereafter The thirde Realme and dominion was M●gu●●● a countrey also admirable very healthsome and very fertile where the best 〈…〉 The 〈…〉 was named 〈…〉

possible for those that liued so sorowfull heauie and woeful alife in such labour without food shoulde liue long The gouernour commanded they shoulde bee paide their day wages and expences for any labour or seruice that they shoulde doe to the Spaniarde and their wages was three blanckes euery two dayes whiche in the yeere amounted to halfe a Castelin that is worth 225 Maruedies wherewith they might buye a Combe a looking glasse and a paire of blew or greene beades Yea many yeeres they had nothing at all paide them but hunger and stripes did so abound that the Indians regarded none of this neither sought any more but euen once to get a good meales meat or to die for all as wishing to forsake so desperate a life He depriued them of their libertie suffering the Spaniards to keepe them in such bitter bondage and prison as no man that had seene it would or coulde once thinke for not leauing them any thing in this worlde free to vse at their pleasures yea notwithstanding the beastes haue some time rest and bee suffered to feede abrode in the fieldes yet woulde not these Spaniards that we speake of graunt the Indians any time or leasure so to doe but the gouernour himselfe would force them to an obsolute perpetuall forced vnwilling bondage For they neuer had their free wil to do any thing at al of themselues because the Spaniards couetousnes crueltie and tyrannie was stil forcing them to some labour not as captiues but as beasts that are led bound to do whatsoeuer man will appoint Againe if at any time they were suffered to depart to their houses to rest them then should they there find neither wife children nor food as also although they had there found any meat yet should they not haue had time to make it readie so that there was no remedie but death Thus grew they into sicknes through long and grieuous trauailes and that was sone caught among thē as being as is aforesaid of a very delicate and tender cōplection much against their nature it was to be thus sodenly contrary to their wont vnmercifully put to such labours to be beatē with staues spurned at besides the calling of thē at euery word Villacos vpbraiding thē that they counterfeated sicknesse like loytering losels because they would not labour When the Spaniards perceiued the sicknes increase so as there was no profit or seruice to be looked for at their hands then would they send thē home to their houses giuing thē to spend in some 30 40. or 80. leagues trauaile some halfe dosen of Radish or Refortes that is a kinde of nauet roote a little Cacabi where with the poore men trauailed not far before they shold desperately die som went 2 or 3. leagues some 10. or 20. so desirous to get to their owne home there to finish their hellish life that they suffered that they euē fel down dead by the waies so as many times we haue foūd som dead others at deaths doore others groning pitifully to their powers pronouncing this word hunger hunger Then the gouernour seeing that the Spaniard had in this wise slaine half or two 3. parts of these Indians whō he had giuen them in commaund he came a fresh to drawe new lottes and make a newe distribution of Indians still supplying the number of his firste gift and this did hee almost euery yeere Pedrarias entred into the firme land as a woolfe that had long beene starued doth into a flocke of quiet and innocent sheepe lambs as Gods wrath and scourge committing infinit slaughters robberies oppressions cruelties together with those spaniards whom he had leuied and laid wast so many townes and villages which before had bin replenished with people as it were an● hilles as the like was neuer seene heard of or written by any that in our dayes haue delt in histories Hee robbed his maiestie subiects with those whom he tooke with him and the harme that he did amounted to aboue four yea sixe millions of gold he laid aboue 40. leagues of land desart namely from Darien where he first arriued vnto the prouince of Nicaraga one of the fruitfullest richest and best inhabited lands in the world From this cursed wretch sprang first the pestilence of giuing the Indians in commaund which afterward hath infected al those Indies where any Spaniards doe inhabite and by whom all these nations are consumed so that from him and his commandes haue proceeded the certaine waste and desolation that your maiestie haue susteined in these so great lands and dominions since the yeere 1504. When we shall say that the Spaniards haue wasted your maiesties and laid you desolate seuen kingdomes bigger then Spaine you must conceaue that we haue seene thē wonderfully peopled and now there is no body left because the Spaniards haue slaine all the naturall inhabitants by meanes aforesaid and that of the townes houses there remaineth only the bare walles euen as if Spaine were all dispeopled and that all the people being dead there remained only the walles of cities townes and castles Out of the 13. reason YOur maiestie haue not out of al the Indies one maruedie of certaine perpetuall set rent but the whole reuenewes are as leaues and straw gathered vpon the earth which beeing once gathered vp do grow no more Euen so is all the rent that your maiestie hath in the Indies vain of as smal cōtinuāce as a blast of wind y t proceedeth only of y t the spaniards haue had y t Indi in their power and as they doe dayly slay and rost the inhabitants so must it necessarilie ensue that your maiesties rights and rentes doe waste and diminishe The kingdome of Spaine is in great danger to bee lost robbed oppressed and made desolate by forraigne nations namely by the Turks and Moores because that God who is the most iust true and soueraigne king ouer all the worlde is wrath for the great sinnes and offences that the Spaniardes haue committed throughout the Indies by afflicting oppressing tyrannous dealings robbing and slaying such and so many people without law or equititie and for the wasting of such and so large landes in so short a space whose inhabitants had reasonable soules and were created and framed to the image and likenesse of the soueraigne trinitie and beeing gods vassals were bought with his most precious blood who keepeth account and forgetteth not one of them but had chosen Spaine as his minis●er and instrument to illuminate and bring them to his knowledge and as it had bin for a wordly recompence besides the eternal reward had graunted her so great natural riches and discouered for her such so great fruitfull and pleasant landes and with al such artificial treasure together with so many incomparable mines of gold siluer stone and precious pearle with infinite other commodities the like whereof were neuer seene ne heard of all which notwithstanding shee hath

labour and cares and often times with the loffe and destruction of diuers Which when the Bishoppe of Chiapa vnderstoode hee determined also to write an apologie in the vulgar tongue against the saide doctors summarie in defence of the Indies there in impugning and vndermining his soundations and answering all reasons or whatsoeuer the doctor coulde alleadge for him selfe therin displaying setting before the peoples face the dangers inconueniences and harmes in the sayde doctine contayned Thus as many thinges passed on both sides his Maiestie i● the yeere 1550. called to Valadolid an assemblie of learned men as well Diuines as Lawyers who being ioyned with the Royall counsaile of the Indies shoulde argue and among them conclude whether it were lawfull without breach of Lustice to leuie warres commonly tearmed conquestes against the inhabitantes of those conneries without any newe offence by them committed their infidelitie excepted Doctor Sepulued a was summoned to come and say what hee coulde and being entred the counsayle chamber did at the first session vtter his whole minde Then was the sayde Bishoppe likewise called who for the space of fiue dayes continually did reade his Apologie but being somewhat long the Diuines and Lawyers there assembled besought the learned and reuerende father Dominicke Soto his Maiesties confessour and a dominican Fryer who was there present to reduce it into a summarie and to make so many copies as there were Lordes that is fourteene to the ende they all hauing studied vpon the matter might afterwarde in the feare of God say their mindes The sayde reuerend father and Master Soto set downe in the saide summarie the doctors reasons with the Bishops answeres to the same Then had the doctour at his request a copie deliuered him to aunswere out of whiche Summarie he gathered twelue against him selfe whereto hee made twelue answeres against which answeres the Bishoppe framed twelue replies Doctor Sepulueda his prologue to the Lordes of the assemblie MOst worthie and noble Lordes sith your Lordshippes and graces haue as iudges for the space of fiue or sixe dayes heard the Lorde Bishop of Chiapa read that booke whereinto he hath many yeeres laboured to gather all the reasons that either himself or others could inuēt to proue the cōquest of the Indies to be vniust as seeking first to subdue barbarous nations before we preach the Gospell vnto them which haue been the vsuall course correspondent to the graunt made by Pope Alexander the sixt which all kinges and nations haue hetherto taken obserued it is meet and I doe so desire you that I who take vpon mee to defende the graunt and authoritie of the Apostolike sea together with the equitie and honour of our kinges and nation may haue the like graunt and that it may please you diligently to giue me audience while briefly and manifestly I do answere his obiections and subtilties so doe I hope in God and the trueth which I take vpon me to defende that I shall plainely set before your eyes and shew you that al y t is spoken on the contrarie part before so noble and wise iudges who are not any way to be suspected of preferring whatsoeuer may be alleaged before truth and equitie which are of such importance doth consist only vpon friuelous and vayne reasons I will therefore cutting off my speech come to the purpose For it is small honour or curtesie to vse tediousnes among suche persons beeing occupied in waightie affaires namely in the gouernement of the common wealth The Bishoppe of Chiapa his prologue to the Lordes of the assemblie MOst worthie and noble Lords right reuerend and learned fathers hitherto in whatsoeuer I haue read or in writing exhibited in this so notable and honourable assemblie I haue generally spoken against the aduersaries of the Indian enhabitants of our Indies that lie in the Occean sea not naming any although I knowe some who openly doe seeke to write Treaties thereof and frame their grounde vppon an excuse and defence of suche warres as were are and yet may be prosecuted against those people which haue beene the occasions of so muche mischiefe so manye ouerthrowes losses and subuersions of suche and so great kingdomes together with manie townes and infinite numbers of soules Also that they subduing of those nations by warres before they haue by preaching hearde of the faith or name of Iesus Christe is a marter conformable to our Christian lawe also that such warres are iust and lawfull whereof it seemeth that the reuerende and worthie Doctor Sepulu●da hath nowe opened and declared him selfe the principall vphoulder and defendour in that hee answereth to those reasons authorities and obiections that bee to the contrary which in detesting the saide warres and to the ende to shewe that the same beeing by another name called conquestes are wicked and tyrannous I haue drawen into this our Apologie whereof I haue read part vnto your excellencies and Lordeshippes And seeing hee hath sought to disclose him selfe and feared not to bee taken for the authour of so execrable impietie whiche doe redownde to the slaunder of the faith the dishonour of the name of Christianitie and the domage as well spirituall as temporall of the most part of mankinde I thought it verie meete as it is so openly to impugne it and for cutting off of the poysoned cancker whiche hee seeketh to disperse abroade in these countreys to the destruction and subuersion of the same to set my selfe as an aduersarie and partie agaynll him Wherefore I beseech your noble Lordeshippes graces and fatherhoodes to way this so waightie and daungerous matter not as any peculiar cause for I pretende no farther but to defende it according as becommeth a Christian but as apperteining to God his honour the vniuersall Churche and the estate as well temporall as spirituall of the kinges of Castile who are to giue accoumpt of the losse of soules alreadie perished and hereafter to perish vnlesse the gate be shutte vp against this heauie course of warres whiche Doctour Sepulueda endenoureth to iustifie Also that this honourable assemblie admitte no Sophistrie by him vsed to couer and cloake his hurtfull opinion whereby hee sheweth a pretence to colour and defende the authoritie by him called Apostolike and the Empire whiche the kinges of Castile and Leon haue ouer these Iudians For no Christian can lawefully and honestly confirme and defende the authoritie tearmed Apostolike eyther the soueraignetie of any Christian king by vniust warres by filling hilles and valyes with innocent blood either with the infamie and blaspheming of Christ and his faith But the Apostolike sea is rather by suche meanes defamed and looseth her authoritie the true God is dishonoured and the true title and right of a king is loste and perisheth as euery wise and Christian man may easily gather by that which Doctor Sepulueda him selfe hath propounded This title and right is not founded vpon the entrie into those countries and against those people to robbe slay and tyrannosly to