Parliaments but ãâã Governed by the Parliament Laws of England Sixthly That they be not permitted to maââ any Manufactures whatsoever except Linnen I will trouble you no longer than to pray yoââ Reading of Mr. Carey of Bristols Book who haââ writ with great Judgment and Affection to ãâã Country on this subject I wish we had more Mâââ that considered the Trade of the Nation the ãâã of which will be more dangerous than a standinâ Army AN ANSWER TO A LETTER from a Getleman in the Country to a Member of the House of COMMONS in ENGLAND On the VOTES of the 14th of December 1697. Relating to the TRADE of IRELAND SIR WE live in an Age where scribling is the Language of one Man to another and too often used on a Subject to which ââey are as much strangers as to each other's Perâân This seems our case we come abroad with the ââow'd to please our selves tho' we disturb others âât that which brings me in Print is because I ââink Men of better Understanding will not trouââe themselves to Answer your unpolish'd Libel on ââe Government and our Bretheren in Ireland and by that means your Invectives might have the success you wish't for viz. a belief amongst the Industrious part of the Nation which were theââ true the first work of England should be to remoââ our Friends destroy the Natives and send oâââ a Hundred Thousand Souldiers to keep the Islaââ from them that know how to make a good use ãâã it if we don't But the best way of confuting yoââ Maxims in Trade and Government is to repeââ them and then a very few words will Answââ them I begin with your assertion That it cannot ãâã be the trouble of all thinking Men to see a Kingdom and People once so famous for Trade and Navigation to Fight themselves out of both To tââ it 's answer'd I meet with few of your opinion ãâã such as think the Nation did ill to fight at all Obedience to the late K. tho in Wooden Shoâââ and Faggots on our backs to Smithfield was our ââry your Holy Church tells us but that whiââ makes few believe it is that Doctrine was alwââ preach't by Men of debauch'd Lives and Proâââtutes for preferment But Sir I must tell ãâã what Men that think as much as your's say ãâã that is They believe that by the War which ãâã ended with so much honour and advantage to ãâã Nation we have secured our Trade and Navigation with somthing more that perhaps you are ãâã friend unto our Laws and Religion but as ãâã Trade and Navigation pray how should we ãâã preserved them if the French had been Masters of ââe United Provinces For seeing we and the Dutch ââere fully imploy'd both together to deal with the ârench alone which way could we have blovvn the ârench and Dutch Fleets out of the Sea in case ââey had been united Those that find fault vvith ââr War vvould be pleased vvith our Captivity ââft vvords are called for by such as are vvounded âith Truths therefore I shall not speak my âhoughts of your Principels You tell us of 700 ââers Harvest and 50 Millions spent in this War âât vvere more English-men think vve have the âorth of it but I hope you do not believe the âhole 50 Millions are carryed out of the Kingââm it is demonstrable that the greatest part is still ââongst us tho' I confess it may be in vvorse hands âân before the War I must ovvn my self no ââend to that practice vvhich inriches the Servant ãâã beggers the Master It should be the abhorâââce of all good Men to see people in Civil Imployâââts ready to burst vvith unrighteous Gain and ãâã industrious Merchant languishing by the Opression of their Servants but this vve hope vvill ââânquired into Your next Paragraph begins thus Among the ââây rivals of our Trade and Navigation I have ãâã thought Ireland to be the most dangerous and ãâã which led me into this Opinion was the praâââ of the two last Reigns incouraging the Irish more ãâã their English Subjects in Trade and Navigation thereby to make Ireland a Nursery for Arbitrary Government to which the English were abettors There needs no other Answer to your Thoughts That Ireland is most dangerous to the Trade oâ England but that all the yearly Exports of Ireland amount not to the Value of one East-India Shipâ Cargoe as vvill appear by vvhat follovvs That you say of the design of the two last Reigns tâ introduce Arbitrary Government is not doubted bâ that the English in Ireland were Abettors to it ãâã most manifestly False there were no Men in thâ Three Kingdoms that ventured their Lives moâ bravely against it then they did and to themâ think in a great measure we owe our Quiet and oââ Trade on the late happy Revolution of this Kingdom which I fancy is the reason you are so angââ with them perhaps you cannot forgive the staââ they of Inneskilling and Londonderry made to ãâã late Kings Army when they designed for Scotlaââ if they could have reduced those Men in their wââ They would then have been troublesome to ãâã nearer home where you and your Friends were rââdy to receive them As to the English's being for Arbitrary Government you are as much out as in the numberâ the Irish Seamen and least you should thinââ speak at randome as you do know I was borââ a City that hath a great share in the Trade of ãâã land have been thrice in that Kingdom ãâã made all the Observation I could of the Nature Trade and Constitution of that Country amongst other Things I found they had very little Navigation Dublin their Capital had not one Ship belonging to it Carickfergus or Belfast and Corck had a few small Craft but not a Ship of Force or Burthen in the Kingdom I enquired particularly the Number of their Irish Seamen and by all I asked was answered they never saw one that could Top and Yard a phrase they have among Seamen Your next Paragraph tells us How dangerous it is to England to leave Ireland to their own conduct in Trade and Government Surely you are a stranger to the Laws of both Kingdoms or else you would have known that they can Pass no Act of Parliament in Ireland but what comes first from the King and Councel here and cannot alter one Word in it but must take the Act just as it comes from England Your following Observations of the Scituation Nature Product c. are true for that Reason I think we should keep it in English Hands and not follow your Proposals to drive them out But of that when I come to your Expedients Now as to your Five particulars wherein you say Ireland Interferes with the Trade of England First in that of their Fishing wherein no doubt they have Advantage above us but they never had yet Men Money or Craft to make use of it the more 's the pity it being a loss to
A LETTER From a Gentleman in the COUNTRY To a Member of the House of COMMONS in England in Reference to the VOTES Of the 14th of December 97. Relating to the TRADE of IRELAND Together with An ANSVVER To the said LETTER By Sir F. B. DUBLIN Re-printed for Patrick Campbel and are to be sold at his shop in Skinner-row 1698. A LETTER from a Gentleman in the Country to a Member of the House of Commons c. SIR THO you receive this from my hands yet it is the Sense of your Sea and Land Neighbours in the Country upon your Resolving That a Committee be appointed to consider of the Trade of England and Ireland ând how to make the Trade of this Kingdom more âeneficial We also hope that your House will consider in ââme of Peace what may enable the Nation to Deâând themselves in time of War It cannot but ãâã a trouble to all thinking Men to see a Kingââm and People once so famous for Trade and Naââgation to fight themselves out of both without ââflecting on the Expence of 50 Millions Sterling âhich was the Harvest of 700 Years when this ââation was almost sole in the Tilledge of the Sea ââow we are incompass'd with Rivals and cannot ââpect such plentiful Crops Therefore we have ãâã much reason to consider how to secure our Trade in time of Peace as we have our Liberties in time of War Among the many Rivals of our Trade and Navigation I have often thought Ireland to be the most dangerous and that which first led me into the opinion was the practice of the two last Reigns incouraging the Irish more than their English Subjects in Trade and Navigation they being proper Tools to support Popery and Slavery which Ireland was a fit Nursery for and altho' the English there are mortal Enemies to the first yet are they bred up with and sharers in the latter that is in the Power they have over the Irish in Arbitrary Administration and that which first led the English into such despotick Practice was the numbers of the Irish and their aversion to the English Laws and Religion which upon any alteration of Government in England the Irish get up in Rebellion To prevent which the English were forc'd to be Extraordinary in their Discipline over them and this manage of inferiour Magistrates in the Country was followed by superiour Courts of Justiceâ until it reacht the English themselves yet could they not complain since in their stations from the Constable to the Justice the same was practised All which I think was designed to breed up Instruments for Arbitrary Government in Ireland to introduce it here and we may remember Irish Judgeâ removed from Ireland here to serve a Turn This I mention tho' it may be thought Foreign ãâã Trade because I think admitting Ireland to âheir own Conduct either in Government or Commerce c. is dangerous to England But I ââall not hold you longer from the subject of Trade ââe design of this Letter and that you may not ââink I write on common Fame give me leave ãâã tell you that I have been concerned in the Trade of Ireland and have been twice in that Kingdom where I made the Observations following First That the Kingdom lyes with greater Adâântage for Trade and Navigation than any Part ãâã Europe Secondly That both its Land and Seas are blest ãâã Nature with better Products than any Part of ââârope Thirdly That it stands betwixt us and all the ââofitable Commerce of the World Fourthly That all this is in the Possession of ââreigners and Irish the English in Ireland being ââoprietors of most of the Land giving themselves to Rural Employments This being matter of Fact that you will consiâââ the reason England hath to enquire into the âââpose and manage of the Trade of that Kingdom ââich hath lost this Nation so much Blood and âââeasure to recover after 32 Rebellions ân the compass of a Letter I cannot innumerate ãâã he particulars where in Ireland interferes with the Trade of England I shall only insist upon Five Viz. First That of their Fishing which they have variety of sorts more than we have in England early on their Coast nearer than we are to a Market so that they may sell before ours are out of the Sea Secondly They have Provisions of all sort Fifty per Cent. cheaper than we have Thrdily They do by their cheapness of Hideâ and plenty of Bark make Land and Leather Cenâ per Cent. cheaper than we can Fourthly By their vast Woods they supply Franââ and Spain with Staves build Ships at Fifty per Cent. cheaper than we can by which they draw oââ from England our Ship-Carpenters which in thââ end may destroy our Navigation and make theââ the Carryers of our Merchandize and encrease theââ Seamen which by the way are most Irish for as ãâã said before the English generaly follow Countââ Imployments Fifthly By the cheapness and large Staple ãâã their Wooll multitude of Irish Spinners and cheapness of their Work they are in a fair way of beiââ more than Rivals in our Wollen Manufactury ' ãâã great numbers of our Clothiers running into thââ Kingdom with what small Stocks they have whiââ they are the more encourag'd unto by their raisiââ the Coyn Twenty per Cent. above its Value in England so that he which goes from hence with Eighââ Pounds hath a Hundred when he arrives in Irelaââ Thus at a blow we loose our Manufacturies Men and Money A fair return you will say for âur kindness in relieving them here and restoring âhem there to their Estates But that which I think âhe most unaccountable of all is that we suffer them ãâã hold Parliaments settle Estates pass Attainders Regulate our Trade Pardon their own Rebellions âhat we have paid for This could be done by noââing but Irish Assurance nor endured by any but English Conquerors for so I hope they will yet alâow us to be if not that your House will take a âourse to make them remember it After what is said you may expect I should proâose some Expedients to prevent Ireland from runâing away with a Million Sterling per Annum of ââe Trade of this Nation What I conceive might be a Remedy to preserve ãâã and yet not hurt them for I am not Ruining ãâã Brethren that are there is as followeth First That they should not be admitted ãâã Build or keep at Sea any Ship but to have all ãâã Carriage of that Kingdom by Ships of England Secondly That they should be bounded and ââescribed in all their Trade by Act of Parliament of England not only to the places they shall ârade but to the quantity of their Natural Proââct they shall Export and to the Season and ââme when so that England may have the first âarket Thirdly That they may not Fish but with Boatââ and Men of England Fourthly That their Money be brought to ãâã Standard of England Fifthly That they hold no
us and I think a fault that we do not help them Your second Assertion is true in part Their Provisions are Cheaper but then let me tell you they are not so good as ours and their Butter and Cheefe is near as dear Your third and fourth Observations are so aparently False that one Word will Answer them both you say you have been twice in Ireland but besides your self I may venture to say there was never any man in it but can tell you there is not Timber to supply the tenth part of the Use of the Kingdom I have seen a Survey of all the Woods in that Island and except Shellela there is not so much valuable Timber in the whole as one Gentleman hath in England Surely then we are in no danger of their Building Ships or Tanning Leather Your Fifth Observation is of their Wool in which you are right but as for the multitude of Irish Spinners you are in an Error they are so far from being our Rivals in the Woollen Manufactury that this last year they could not get so much in all the Country as to cloath their small Army But however I think we have reason to look carefully into that Manufactury which is the Soul of all we have left of Trade and yet I see Advocates for the East-India Trade to the destruction of our Manufactury at home In this methinks we Act like ill Husbands that being Abused abroad Revenge themselves at home on their Wives and Children We are wheedl'd out of our Manufacturies by Designing Men amongst our selves kick'd out of our Fishing abroad and then like Sampson we pull down the House upon our selves to be reveng'd for our two Eyes So I take our Woollen Manufactury and Fishing to be But let us destroy Ireland beat our Wives and Children and we shall Recover all You end your Fifth Paragraph with that which you think the most unaccountable of all The suffering them to hold Parliaments Now Sir if you never read History and so are ignorant how the Crown of England came first to intituled to Ireland then it is great Assurance in you to talk of the Constitution of a Kingdom you know nothing of if you have Read you must know there was a Compact that they should hold Parliaments with the same Privileges as England and altho' they have by their own Parliaments abridged themselves by Poynings Law in some things yet have they still an Act of Parliament for Annual Parliaments and another Act that all Laws made in England before the Tenth of Henry VII should be in force in Ireland I believe you will own we had Parliaments in England before âdenry VII they have then the same Right ãâã hold Parliaments that we have but they are a poor People and must submit Have a care of that French Maxim we know not whose turn it may be next I remember in the Reign of Charles II. discoursing with the Duke of Ormond who I think take him every way was one of the greatest Men of that time upon the Tryal of the Earl of Shaftsbury his Grace said My Lord Shaftsbury was never my Friend yet were I a Commoner and one of his Jury I would starve before I would find him Guilty by straining the Law We must have a care of Constitutions and Laws they are of better use to preserve our selves than to take off our Enemies If you were of this opinion you would not be against Ireland's holding Parliaments have a care Sir of breaking into Constitutions we know not who may come next we are sure His present Majesty will preserve our Constitution and it 't is our happiness He is more tender of them then many of our selves but if we will destroy them in a good Reign there may come a time when our own Presidents may bebrought against us You end your Paragraph with an Invective saying You hope the House will make them Remember they were Conquered I remember to have seen a Book in this Reign by Order of Parliament Burnt by the Common-Hangman for Asserting that conquering Doctrine It is by our Laws that all the Monarchs of England and a monst the rest his present Majesty is declared to be King of Ireland de Jure when King of England de Factoâ Now if you please to remember the Brittish of Ireland who are Proprietors of most of that Kingdom were as one man in the Interest of England fought as is said before for and with the King that came to deliver them from the Usurpation and Tyranny of the late King James for so it was He having lost his Title by Abdication before he came to Ireland And King William came there to rescue his Protestant Subjects in Ireland from the Ravage and Murders of the Rebellious Irish Subjects This I hope you will not make a Conquest if it be we have had two or three of them in this Reign by the Execution of Traytors at Tyburn You now come to your Expedients wich are like that of an English Sea Captain that being in danger of two Dunkirk Men of War a French Officer on Board him Asked the Captain what he should do for he dreaded being carryed into France Never fear said the Captain I wont be taken How can you be sure of that said the French Man I will first blow up my Ship reply'd the Captain at which Monsieur shrug'd his shoulders and said Par ma foy un tres bon expedient Anglois So are your Expedients as will appear presently I will repeat them in order and then one Answer will serve them all 1. That they should not Build or keep at Sea one Ship 2. That they be Bounded Prescribed in all their Trade by Act of Parliament here not only to the place they shall go but also to the Qualities and Natures of the Commodities they Export and to thâ Timewhen they shall export that we may have the sirââ market 3. That they should not Fish but with Men anâ Boats of England 4. That their Money be brought to the Standard ãâã England 5. That they hold no Parliament but be Governeâ by the Parliament of England 6. That they be not permitted to make any Manâ facturies but Linnen I told you before one Answer should serve ãâã them all and that shall be with a Question ãâã as a Porter made a Lord Mayor of London in ãâã Usurpers time for Regulating the Price of Beeâ was Proclaming That none should be sold ãâã more then a Penny a Quart A Porter standing ãâã my Lord Mayors Horse call'd out that theâ was the most material thing left out which waâ appointing who should drink that small Beer for ãâã swore he 'd drink none So Sir you should have appointed in your Expedients who should live in Ireland for no Englishman will And surely our Nation will not think it safe in any others Hands Methinks you make a bold stroke to propose Ireland should be Governed by the Parliament of England that in
English is Loping off one of the Three Kingdoms from the Crown Your Scheme of Government exceeds all I ever read of you would make Ireland to be a Common wealth but none of the Country to be in the Government sure some body need Govern you tho' it were in Bedlam You and your Letter with referring to Mr. Cary of Bristol's Book I know the Gentleman and have discoursed on his Book which tho' it comes not âo your Notions yet he abated much of it in Explanation And now Sir with your leave I shall âake some General Remarks on your whole Letter What you say of the extraordinary Advantages Ireland hath above us in Trade and Navigation is true and it is as true that they never âad oppertunity to make use of them The Brittish in general speaking acquiting their âârtunes there by Arms not with Arts or Trade âose few that come there with either of the the two last are usually such as have miscarryed in their own Country so far want of stoâk do rarely morâ than earn their Bread in that plentiful Country Frequent Rebellions lessens the Inhabitants buâ adds Acres to the Brittish which they are morâ fond of then Navigation and Commerce and ãâã far you are in the right that they are most taken ãâã in Country Imployments but you are much in thâ wrong in saying the Irish are most in the Trade anâ Navigation they seldom sail further then to a Potaââ Garden and Trade only in Cowes I have beeâ in several Parts of the World and according to ãâã Observation the Irish are as ignorant of Traââ and Navigation as the Indians in America Noâ that you should fear their numbers at Sea that havâ not Five Seamen of their Nation gives grounâ to believe you writ with Jesuitical Maxims throââ Dirt however false some may stick Put in ãâã the Heads of the multitude frightful stories of thâ danger we are in of being over-run by the Iriââ both at Land and Sea and that you may have ãâã strings to your bow you bring in Foreigners Running away with what the Irish do not of the Traââ of Ireland To shew your integrity in this I ãâã give undeniable Authority out of the Custom-houââ Books of Ireland against you I have now by me an exact Account of all ãâã Exports and Imports of Ireland for six Years ãâã the greatest time of Irelands prosperity and by ãâã Account their Exports in the Year 1682 amounted but to Five Hundred Forty One Thousand Four Hundred and Nineteen Pounds Sterling of which Four Hundred and two Thousand Pounds was for Accompt of Merchants in England and Exported in their Ships One Hundred Thousand Pounds Sterling for Accompt of the English in Ireland and about Forty Thousand for Accompt of Foreigners And that you may not think this computation was made at random I will tell you how it was done The whole Account was drawn out of the Custom-house Books by a Clerk under the Examiner of their Accounts with every Merchants Name that entered them and to what place the Ship belonged in which the Goods were Exported this was after all brought into Form by a Man of the greatest Practice and Experience that perchance was ever a Trader in that Kingdom who knew for whom the most considerable Factors dealt For by the way most of the Trade of that Kingdom is managed by Factors This Gentleman did assure me with demonstrations more then can be comprehended in the compass of this Discourse that there was very little Exceptions to be made to this Account which he spent some years in perfecting for he writ Observations on every Commodity Exported and Imported What is here brought against your matter of Fact as you call it is I think undeniable And that your ignorance in Commerce may appear I will shew that what you say of Foreigners running away with the Trade of Ireland is impossible and that for these Reasons 1. First because the greatest part of their Product is by their own Laws prohibited to all parts of the World but England as their Wool Sheep Skins Woolen Yarn Linnen-yarn Green and Tan'd Hides pay double Duty upon their Export to any part but England all which Commodities are more then half their Export 2. The Act of Navigation is in Force by Law in Ireland Now Sir if you know not my meaning by mentioning that Act it is That by thaâ Statute no Foreign Ship can carry any Good from Ireland to England 3. The greatest part of the Provisions of Ireland are Exported by ships of England to our Foreign Plantations for little Beeff or Porke whateveâ we think goes to Foreign Markets now thâ Act of Navigation before mentioned Prohibitââ all Foreign Ships from Trading to our Plantations 4. By Law they are Prohibited the Importation of any tho Commodities of our Foreign Plantations but from England not so much as a Pounâ of Tobacco or Sugar is admitted into Ireland but what comes from England I may add that they Forfeit Ship and Goods if they carry out of Ireland any thing but Provisions Servants and Horses I knew a Ship seiz'd in Virginia for bringing but a Dozen of Woollen Stockens from Ireland After all this pray what is there left for Foreigners to drive that mighty Trade you speak of in Ireland I think it proper to inquire now where the Million is you tell us Ireland runs away with of the Trade of England it is proved that their whole Annual Exports amounts to little more then one half of your Million and of that Four Hundred Thousand goes for England and English Merchants Accounts you have then but Forty Thousand Pounds to raise your Million out of There is another Remarkable Instance you give of the danger we are in by raising their Money 20 yet Cent. above it's value it would be no very mannerly question to ask you where you have been for this 12 Months in which time the nature of Coyn hath been so fully Debated and resolved in Parliament and explained to the whole Nation that I thought every one in it was convinced that by Raising Money we cheated no body but our selves and I do not think but that the Gentlemen of Ireland understand that Truth but necessity often prevails over Judgment we know not their Circumstances only may guess that a Country who in their greatest Prosperity had never Four Hundred Thousand Pounds Sterling of Running Cash and Two Hundred and Forty Thousand Pounds per Annum of the Rents of that Kingdom belonging unto and spent in this are in hazard of having all carryed out But let their consideration be what it will I think we have no reason to fear but rather pitty them in this matter I had like to have past over your most sensible part for it in Truth shews the Man and his Conversation Your Words are these But that which I thinâ the most unaccountable of all is that we suffer theâ to hold Parliaments Settle Estates Pardon theâ
own Rebellions c. It is plain what you mean but it comes so neaâ Arraigning the Government that you durst nââ express it in plain Words the late King JAMEâ with his Irish Mob that he called a Parliament ãâã Dublin did there Attaint all the Brittish Protestanâ by Name that owned King William their Rightful Lawful King and to make sure of all the Protestants Estates in that Kingdom there pretendâ Act named Women and Children that never saâ Irish Ground Now this Rebellious Edict of ãâã Irish the present Parliament of Ireland have declared and Enacted Illegal and Rebellious and the pretended Parliament that made it to be then in Rebellion against the Crown of England And for this you say the Parliaments of Ireland pardon their own Rebellions for you do insinuate their being in Rebellion when they left the late King James Truly Sir by what I hear of that Parliament they are so far from pardoning Rebellions that they expel'd one of their own Members for but a small overt Act in the time of the late King James's being in Ireland They are a People I am sorry it should be so in respect of our selves tho I commend it in them that are not divided as we are in parties but as one Man in His Majesties interest except a very few that are advanced in the Kings Service as too many have been here by mistake of some and design of others however those plants grow not in Ireland it is Observed no venemous Creature brought from England lives there I suppose you never intend to try I have now done with your Letter and shall end mine with directing what follows to Men of better Principles then you seem to be and such I presume will not use Ireland as the Harlot would have had the Child her Language was like yours divide the Child let it be neither thine nor mine Your Friends have neither right nor Posession of it and they that have you Maligne But all true Englishmen consider them as bone of ãâã bone and it is reasonable to believe thâ House of Commons passed that Vote for maââing the Trade of Ireland more beneficial ãâã England with that consideration there ãâã no doubt room enough to make it so I have often thought it would be one ãâã the first Works the Parliament would ãâã upon at the conclusion of a Peace and ãâã to let such a Treasure as that Island migââ be made to England lie waste as it haââ always been ever since the English haââ had Footing in it which is unaccountabââ it would be thought so in the conduct ãâã a Private Man if he should neglect ãâã own Inheritance and lay out his Moââ in Improving that of another Man's ãâã not so when we imploy our Men and ââney to enrich the Subjects of the Mogââ and neglect a Country of our own so ãâã as that if righty managed would strengâen and enrich our Nation more then all Trade we have in the World besides Wââ would France make of it if they had it ãâã do not think they would cry it down the destruction of their Kingdom have perhaps more reason to value it then is at present seen I doubt we are in more danger of losing our Trade and Navigation then ever we were in since we were a People and it is feared we love nothing left to help us but Ireland but then it must not be let to former Conduct I am loath ââsay what I know in this matter We should also consider the Iason we have to incourage Brittâ Planters in that Kingdom for ââother can secure it to England It I have been too long for a letââ tho too short for the Subject âhall only give my humble Opinion That it would be for the Serââe of England in this great Conâân of setling the TRADE of both âângdoms to hear the People of Ireland before they conclude them heâ him hear him is Parliament Language and Christian Practice beâoââ Judgment I end with the Words Seneca in his Morals He that lives according to Rââson shall never be poor And ãâã that governs his Life by Opinion shall never be Rich. FINIS