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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A08239	The nauigations, peregrinations and voyages, made into Turkie by Nicholas Nicholay Daulphinois, Lord of Arfeuile, chamberlaine and geographer ordinarie to the King of Fraunce conteining sundry singularities which the author hath there seene and obserued: deuided into foure bookes, with threescore figures, naturally set forth as well of men as women, according to the diuersitie of nations, their port, intreatie, apparrell, lawes, religion and maner of liuing, aswel in time of warre as peace: with diuers faire and memorable histories, happened in our time. Translated out of the French by T. Washington the younger.; Quatre premiers livres de navigations et peregrinations orientales. English	Nicolay, Nicolas de, 1517-1583.; Washington, Thomas, fl. 1585.; Stell, John, fl. 1580.	1585 (1585)	STC 18574; ESTC S113220	160,097	302

whereof the do vaunt themselues to haue been they first inuētors those which dwelled in Asia did weare for their armes little shields couered with oxe hides with two hunters speares and on their heads hadde sallets of leather vppon the same hornes like vnto Oxen. Thus ye haue that which Herodote doth write in his seuenth booke Their language is like vnto that of the Scithians But at this present their speeche their garments religion manner of liuing miserable calamitie and seruitude is cōforme like vnto the other Grecians which are vnder the same puissaunce and tyrannous obeysaunce of the Turke A woman Iewe of Andrinople A maiden Iewe of Andrinople The description of Grecia Chap. 29. GRecia amongest other countries in Europe is the most noble most famous and was first called Helles of one of the sonnes of Deucalion and Pirrha and afterwardes Grecia of a king whose name was Grecus and is so ample that shee extēdeth ioyneth with the sea Mirtee so called of Myrtile the sonne of Mercurie drawing by great circulation from the North to the South from the East towardes the sea Egee and from the West to the sea Ionie vntil she commeth to ingulfe 5. miles within it so as it lacketh very little but that in the midst it is cut and deuided Then againe enlarging her sometimes of one side sometimes of another principally towards the sea Ionie and then agayne comming intoo a lesse breadth then where she taketh her beginning draweth in y e end to be almost an iland which aunciently was called Appie and Pelasgie and since Peloponese by reason of the gulfes and promontories wherewith they are parted and deuided But by the modernes is called Moree being in figure almost like to a plātin leaf the circuit of the Peninsula according to Plini● and Isidore is fiue hundreth seuentie and three paces but if all the creekes of all the gulfs and promontories should be reckoned woulde contein little lesse then twise as much notwithstanding according to Polibe besides the borders containeth about foure thousand stadias or paces and from the East to the West forty thousand and foure hundreth Ptolome bordereth the Pelopōnesse of the North with the gulfe of Corinthe presently called the gulf of Lepanto and with Istine and from thence with the sea Creticque Towards the West and the South bordereth wyth the Adriaticque sea and on the East with the sea of Candia sometimes called Cretique The country of Macedonia first called Emathie of Emathias that was king thereof afterwards Macedonia of Macedon the sonne of Deucalion or according to Berose the sonne of O●yris by valiant strength of the great Alexander obtained before the Empire Monarchie of the most part of the world habitable for hauing passed Asia Armenia Iberia Albania Capadocia Siria Egypt the mountaines of Taur Caucase subdued the Bactrians the Medes the Persians and in the end vanquished and ouercame all the East partes moreouer was victorious ouer the Indians The Macedonians doe say themselues to be come descended of Sethim the sonne of Iaon theyr prouinces are Thessalia which according to Pompone and Plinie was first called Emone of the king Aemon since Pelasgie and againe Hellade Myrmidone by reason whereof Homer gaue three sundry names vnto the Thessalians to wit Mirmidons Helenes Achees but at the last was called Thessalia of Thessale whiche possessed the kingdom The principall citie is Thessalonia vulgarely called Salonicke vntoo whiche people S. Paul the apostle of Iesus Christ wrote many godly Epistles This citie is as yet most ample rich inhabited of thre sundry sorts of people to wit Christian Greeks Iewes● Turkes but the number of Iewes being merchāts very rich is the greatest and there are 80. synagogues their attire on their head is a yelow Tulbant safroned that of the Grecian christians is blew that of the Turks white for that through the same diuersitie of colors they should be known the one from the other are all clothed in long gownes as the other Orientals are In Thessalia is the mount Pernassus consecrated vnto the god Apollo vnto which the people retyred at the time of the deluge in this region in the riegne of Ducalion There is also the mount Pelion vpon the which was celebrated the mariage of ●he king Peleus with the Nymph Thetis Neare vnto Thessalia is Magnesia Moreouer Ethiotes Dorie Locre whereof the inhabitāts were called Ozoles Phoce Beoce hauing taken that name as Plinie writeth of an oxe which there was sacrificed by Cadmus the sonne of Agenor In this prouince neare vnto the riuer Erimne are two fountaines of such vertue that the water of the one of them giueth increaseth memorie to those that drink of it the other taketh away the memorie Beoce stretching from the East to the West toucheth the sea Eboique and the gulfe Etanee famous through the goodly reuowme of the city of Thebes In this prouince is the mount Citharee the riuer of Ismenee the fountaines of Irce Aganippe was the place of birth of the Muses at the wood of Helicon the natiue countrie of Hercules of the father Bacchus who taught the Thebans to plant the vines the vsage of wine moreouer she was the productrice of the strong valiant Epimanondas As for the citie of Thebes so much renowmed by the auncients is at this present but a small castle of little estimation as likewise presently are the most part of the other Cities of Macedonia which are altogether desolated ruined In Macedonia is the foūtain of Susistige out of which issueth a poison being of such a strength that it will not be kept in any other thing thē in the hoof of a horse foot is thought of diuers that Alexander the great was poisoned with the same Ye haue moreouer Attique which took such a name of one of the sonnes of a king named Attis who after Cecrops succeeded in the kingdome or els of Athis the sonne of Cuba king of the Athenians but according to others Actique of the king Actron or of Arcte which signifieth a coast And likewise Megare a region so full of woods and mountains that the most part of the inhabitants are shepherds keepers of cattel Of all these prouinces Attike is the principallest most famous In Peloponese which somtimes was called Rocque the most noble prouince of Grecia are the regions of Argole Laconia which before was named Oebalia in the which is the citie of Amicle being the naturall countrie of Castor Pollux There is the cape Malee of the modernes called the cape of S. Ange being a great enemie vnto the seafaring mē as before I haue described in the first chapter of the second book There is moreouer Messenie which by the Sparthes was brought vnder seruitude for that oftentimes it was giuē to reuolting seditions which was the occasiō that they were more rudely intreated thē

yee see in the figure ●ollowing But the richer sort goe more brauely costly apparrelled for they weare their Doliman either of veluet satten or damaske on their head a long myter figured with flowers of diuers colours couered with a great cloake hanging downe behynde to the ground the men are apparrelled after the fashion of the other Graecians obseruing the same fayth and religion and obeye vnto the Patriarche of Constantinople A woman of Caramania Of Cilicia presently called Caramania Chap. 15. AS for the countrey of Caramania first called Cilicia of the name of Caelix the sonn of Agenor according to Herodote Hipachea is described by Ptolome in his fift booke as a prouince of little Asia hauing for her borders towardes the East the mount Aman presently called the blacke mountaine of the North the mount of Taur of the west side a part of Pamphilia and on the other part of the South the vttermost partes of the goulph Issique which now is called ●asse This region is enuyroned with high and sharpe mountaines from the whiche drop towardes the sea diuers riuers And of these mountaines the issues are very narrow and streight of the one other side enuironed high with mountains first called the ports of Armenia afterwards the mountains of Caspie presently of Silicia through which narrow streights Alexander the great going into the East parties with great perilles and daungerous hazard made his armie to passe The principall and Metropolitan citie of this coūtrie is Tharse vulgarely called Terrase being the place of birth and houshold of S. Paul which first was founded by the noble Perseus sonne of the faire Danae Although Solin and pope Pius attribute her first edification vnto Sardanapal the last sonne of Anacindaraxe and last king of the Assyrians through the midst of the same Countrie runneth the fayre riuer Cydne or Ca●ne by the Frēchmē called the riuer of Salef which takes her spring from the mount of Taur and wherein was drowned the Emperour Frederike Barberosse Vitruuius in his eight book and third chapter saith that if they did wash their legs within this riuer Cydne that incontinent after they should finde them selues cleansed and healed of their disease The Tarsians were in times past so giuen to philosophie that they excelled the Athenians and Alexandrians notwithstanding that the Athenians were more famous and renowmed in straunge countries and that their Citie was more frequented with al sorts of people Neuerthelesse the Tarsians were in philosophy more excellent and of their citie tooke origin Antipater Archelaus Antenor Marcel Diogenes Artemidore Dionisius and Crates the Grammarian Besides Tarse the head citie of Cilicia there is another renowmed citie of the auncients called Coryce and of the modernes Curth of all sides enuironed with a hauē of the sea sauing of one side being very streight which ioyneth vnto the firme land Aboue this citie there is an Antherne a caue or denne which Pomponius Mela saith to be made by such singular artifice of nature that the admiration excellency and soueraigne beautie thereof carrieth those that enter into it out of their proper senses and memory and almost rauisheth and taketh awaye the spirites of those whiche vppon the sodaine enter intoo it But after they are come to themselues they cannot satisfie them of the pleasure which is there For for to come to the bottom of this heauenlike denne you doe discend by a faire stare about 3. quarters of a myle indelectable and shadowed where is heard a harmony more then humaine certaine sounds agreeing sounding like vnto symbals or other melodious instruments which greatly abasheth and seemeth marueilous to those that firste enter into it So as in times past the inhabitauntes of the countrie by superstitious opinion did thinke that this sounding caue was the sepulchrall bedde of the valiaunt Gyant Typhon In the playne fieldes which are about Coryce or Curth groweth abundance of very good saffron giuing more smel being more like vnto the colour of golde and more profitable in medicines then any other hath for the singularitie thereof by the ancients been called saffron of Coryce Tarse therefore and Coryce are two the most famous and renowmed Cities of Cilicia or Caramania although there be diuers others of good and antique name as Selimontis in the honour of the good Emperor Traian after his death consecrated in his name and called Traianopolis There is also Satalia cituated vpon the sea coast of Cilicia whereof hath taken the name the goulfe of Satalia aunciently called Issa and presently Iasse about this place Alexander the Macedonian vanquished and ouercame the great Darius kyng of the Persians by reason whereof the Citie was called Nicopolis which is to say towne of victory Moreouer in the same region is as yet resting the auncient towne of the Sun called Heliopolis or to say better Solos or Soloe for that Solon one of the seuen sages of Grecia was founder therof and afterwardes by the name of Pompe was called Pompeiopolis for that in the time of the triumphaunt Rome the Cicilians dwelling along the coast of the Mediteran sea a people beeing acquainted with the seas exercising the nauigation Pirates Coursaries and Skummers of the sea stood vp in so great number and so strong men giuen to piracie of vessels and ships necessarie for that purpose as Foysts and Brigantins that they possessed and kept the Sea side in such distresse that they did not onely let and anoy the merchaunts shippes and shippes of warre but likewise kept the portes and passages so shutte that they kept away the corne and victuals from all Italie whereby the Romane people were in danger of being famished Wherfore as Flore writeth in his Epitome Pompee was sent against them with an armie which through marueilous diligence and speede within fortie dayes ouercame them and chased them cleane out of the sea and in the ende hauing on the land taken them into mercie sent them into certaine townes and landes in Cilicia farre from the Sea there to dwell and liue and too the ende to purge the sea and namely assigned newe inhabitants in the towne then called Soloe and since vpon this reason Pompeiopolis The Cilicians were in times past called Tarses as Iosephus writeth theyr denomination hauing taken that name of Tarse nephewe vnto Iaphet who first gaue them the order too liue bearyng ouer them the principalitie and gouernement Likewise called after hys name theyr chiefe citie Tarse Nowe a dayes the whole Cilicia is as I haue sayde called Caramania a countrie reduced vnder the puissaunce and domination of the great Turke whiche before was a kingdome so puissaunt that the kinges of Caramania might haue brought intoo the fielde fortie thousande menne on horsebacke yea that Orcan Lorde of the Turkes sonne and successour of the firste Othoman who made himselfe chiefe of the Turkes and that first gaue the name of his noblenesse to their Emperors durst wel for

voyce and harpe moued the trees ●nd beastes to giue ●are vnto him Beyond that is the citie of Tinde where the cruell Diomedes was borne which through his vnnaturall crueltie made certaine of his cruell horses too eate the fleshe of straungers which by a mischaunce fell into his handes But in the ende hee himselfe was deuoured beeing ouercome by Hercules and was cast before his horses Betweene the riuer Strymon and the mount of Athos is the tower Calerne and the port Crapule the citie Acanthe and Oesine and betwixt Athose and Pallene Cleone Olinthe Thus much as concerning the descriptiō of Thracia Now resteth to treate of their lawes fashions religion maner of liuing of the Thracians aswel aunciently as nowadayes A Graetian woman of estate of the citie of Andrinople in Thracia A Turkie woman of meane estate as she is in her Chamber A mayden of pleasure or common Woman of Turkie Manners lawes religion and auncient order of liuing of the Thracians Chap. 26. HErodote father of the Historians in his 5. booke sayeth the nation of the Thracians to bee next after the Indians the greatest of all the countries on the earth and that if the same were gouerned by one head should be inuincible or if they agreed amongst themselues but that it would be hard to bring them to that poynt for that at al times they haue byn esteemed amongest all the other people of Europe the most cruel spiteful and inhumaine proceeding of their nature for that parte of them are true Graecians and the other come of the Scithes a people most barbarous their eyes are hollow their countenāce furious and the sound of their voyce fearefull exceeding all others in bignesse of body and force of members are of long life their custome was to sel their children to be carried hither and thither amongest straunge nations And permitted their daughters to forsake them and haue company with such men as they thought good or with him that first prayed them But as for their married women they were very carefully looked vnto by reason they bought them at a great pryce of their fathers and mothers specially the fayrest which beyng once set at a price none could marry them except they first payde the pryce they were rated at And to the contrary those which lacked beauty were cōstrained to giue greate presents vnto those that would marrie them Amongst them it was esteemed a faire and noble thing to haue the forhead stigmatized not to haue it was esteemed great shame and villany They had likewise in great honour commended it to liue in idlenesse without doing of any thing or els in theft and stealing and esteemed it a great shame and dishonour to labour the ground or doe any husbandry Diuers amongst them that knew not what it was to drinke wine had a custome to turne rounde in taking their repast about a great fire vppon the coales whereof they cast a certaine seede the smoke whereof was so violent that foorthwith it made them so dissy that it seemed they were drunke in very deede and out of their wittes and in such follies they took a singular pleasure and pastime Of the auncient opinion of the Thracians touching the immortality of the soule Chap. 27. AS concerning death the opiniō among the Thrasiās was very diuers for some thought that the soule being departed out of the body sodainly entred into another or els if she returned not did not therfore die but passed into another life more sweet happy thē was the first Others with great pertinacy affirmed that the soule died with the body but y t such death was better then a life ful of bitternes perplexity And vppon this occasion the Trauces a people of Thracia did at the birth of their childrē with weeping● crying sighing lamēt their comming into the world pitifully rehearsing the trauels and calamities which they had to suffer in this miserable world during the smal course of their life to the contrary if anye of them came to die they brought them to their graue with all kind of plaies ●eastings reciting singing altogether the euils torments aduersities wherof by the tribute of death they were deliuered For like as man is borne of a woman in dolor anguish so he liueth in miserie and calamity vnto the ende of his daies for that they had many wiues if any of them came to dye they fell in great discord the one with the other to knowe which of them had bin the best beloued and she to whom the honour praise was adiudged was of al men greatly honored and afterwards being by her next parents brought vnto the sepulture of her husband clothed set out with her richest garmēts was there buried by him And as for the other wiues they brought ouer the rest of their life in mourning and displeasure as if some great misfortune had bin happened vnto them But when it came to passe some nobleman to be buried the body was buryed for three dayes about the citie sacrificing al sorts of beastes and then after a great feast made consumed the bodie into ashes and that beeing done set foorth all sortes of ●urnoyes and cumbates in honour of the deceassed When the Thratians perceiued it thunder or lighten incontinently they shoote their arrowes towards heauen threatning of their god for they thought that there was none other God then theirs whiche was Zomolixis beeing the firste that instituted them lawes to draw them to ciuilitie such as he had seene by the Ionians being with the philosopher Pithagoras vnto whom hee had been a disciple and did besides commonly worship Mars Bacchus and Diana did sweare by the onely name of Mercurie whom they had in great honour and reuerence for that they esteemed themselues to be descended of him Their kings weare chosen by the voyce of the people and not by nobilitie and aboue all thinges had a regard that he should be of a ripe age of good lyfe and manhood and that he hadde no children for feare least in the end the kingdome should come to an hereditarie succession Likewise they left vntoo him no absolute power to commaunde for they ordeyned fortie counsailours too gouerne him and if question of death chaunced vpon one criminall person or many hee alone had neither power to iudge nor condemne And if by fortune their king him selfe was found attainted conuinced of capitall crime without hauing regard to his dignitie he was punished by death as a priuate person but not by handye execution but they forbade him the vsage of any kind of meat and so through hunger was constrained to die an vnhappie death The auncient armes of the Thracians Chap. 28. AT the time when the king Darius hadde warre wyth the Thracians they vsed the armes following their headpeece was made of the skynne of a Foxe and they carryed Dartes pauoyses and little daggers vsing shooting with great dexteritie

the end that in goods heritages the one should not be esteemed more wealthy then the other but only in this that they should surpasse one another in vertue and manhood and that by this meanes they should liue altogether as true brethren He tooke away and abolished al kinds of money of siluer and golde and insteed thereof made yron to be coyned which notwithstanding he made to be tempered and extinguished being red hot in vineger to the intent to make it soft by that meanes to be vnfit for all other woorkes he banished out of Lacedemon all handicrafts and artes not necessary and instituted banquets common feasts to the intent to refraine superfluity and dayntinesse vnto which aswel the poore as the rich were called welcommed both with one place and one kinde of meate they called these banquets Phiditia by the Candiots were named Andria he forbad the often attempting of warres agaynst ones self party or enemies for feare least they should be constrained often to defend themselues and in the end become valiaunt and good fighters he commaunded that the maydens should exercyse them selues to runne wrastle cast the dart and throw the barre to make them through such exercise the more strong able to beare children and when there was any great feast or solemne sacrifice willed them to sing and daunce amongest boyes starke naked which was done with al honesty without any feare or shame ordained also that the mayden virgins should be married without any dowry of money for that the men should marry them for their vertues and good manners to get children and not for cou●tous getting of money Moreouer it behoued that those which would marry should not haue too doe with wiues whilest they were little young of a tender age but with such as were strong able to beare children He also further permitted to those that were fayre well disposed to lye with other mens wyues for to labour in them as in a fruitfull ground and to engender children in common it was estemed a matter of no reproch to an old decayed man hauing a faire and young wife to choose some faire young man seeming agreable vnto him to make him to lie with her and so to get her with childe and rayse vp seede vnto him which child he took and brought vp as his owne and yet it seemed vnto him a very foolish and straunge matter in other nations which so carefully got faire dogges to lyne their hot bitches and sought the fairest stoned horses to spring their mares and notwithstanding with great care kept their wyues so closely vnder lock and key for feare least they shoulde gette of theyr neyghbours whereof sometymes theyr iealous husbandes coulde not furnish them The great honours he ordained to be giuen according to the degrees of age and not according to the aboundance of goodes riches And for that some of his lawes seemed to be too rigorous and streight by reason of their corrupted maner he feyned that he had instituted thē by the commandement of the God Apollo which had inuented the same this did he because they should be receiued of the people with more renerence and by othe bound the city to keepe the same inuiolated without diminishing any part thereof vntil his returne from the Oracle of Delphis whether as he said he went to consult what should be good to be added or taken away But he went intoo Crete where hee ended hys dayes in voluntarie exyle where after his death as wryteth Aristocrates the sonne of Hippa●chus his body by some of his friends was consumed into ashes according to his decree were throwen into the Sea for feare if they were brought vnto Lacedemon the Sparthans shoulde not thynke themselues to be free of the othe which they hadde sworne for the inuyolable obseruation of hys lawes Thus yee haue summarily that which Plutarche writeth of the life of the same Licurgus Of the Athenians Chap. 32. AS for the Athenians Iustine in his 12. booke reciteth that they were the first that taught the art of spinning of wooll making of wines and oyles to plow the ground to sow corn for at the first they fed on nothing but on acornes for theyr dwellings had none other lodgings thē litle cabbins caues Doxius was the first that builded houses in Athens which following therin the maner of the swalows he builded of earth In the daies of Deucalion Cecrops raigned as king ouer the Athenians is he whom the Poets haue fayned to haue 2. forheads because he was the first that ioyned the men the women by the right line of mariage After him succeeded Granaus which had a daughter called Athis which gaue the name vnto the region After that reigned Amphitrion which first cōsecrated the citie vnto the goddesse Minerua named it Athene In his time was the great flood inundation of the waters which marred and drowned the most part of Grecia in this great deluge were only saued those that could get vp to the mountaines or the other which were cōueyed towards Deucaliō king of Thessalia By whom according to the feinings of the Poets the world was by order of succession restored The kingdome being since come vnto Eristheus during his reigne the sowing of corne was brought in inuented in Eleusine by Triptolemus therfore in remembrance of this good thing the nights were sacred vnto him The Athenians being esteemed the wisest amongst the Graecians for that the administration of their common wealth was gouerned by the sage wise doctrines of the Philosophers made a lawe that to euery one of them it was permitted to take two wiues but thereby were streightly forbidden to keepe any concubine saying it to be a thing without all honesty to keepe other mennes wiues and to giue vnto his owne an yll example of liuing And this they did for the opinion which they had that a man could not liue without women and company and when the one was brought to bed or sick he might go vnto the other or els if the one were barren the other might be fit to bring forth children and succession and to her that was fitt to conceaue the gouernement and administration of the house was giuen and the barren woman was vnto him as a seruaunt Plinie is one of his Epistles saith that the Athenians were wont to marry the brother with the sister but not the Vncle with the nephew alledging for his reason that the marriage of a brother with the sister was an euen match but the Vncle with the nephew was the marrying of the olde with the young The lawes of Solon giuen to the Atheninians Chap. 33. SOlon beyng by the common voyce of the Athenians chosen for the general reformer of their lawes and of the whole estate of their common wealth to confirme or abolish that whiche he thought reasonable first reuoked and made voyde