ut_fw-la batavi_n imposterum_fw-la abstinerent_fw-la ab_fw-la oris_fw-la scoticis_fw-la ad_fw-la octuaginta_fw-la saltem_fw-la milliaria_fw-la here_o the_o distance_n from_o the_o shore_n of_o scotland_n which_o foreigner_n be_v to_o observe_v in_o their_o fish_n be_v set_v very_o large_a no_o less_o than_o fourscore_o mile_n in_o the_o second_o year_n of_o king_n james_n commissioner_n be_v appoint_v and_o authorize_v under_o the_o great_a seal_n of_o england_n and_o scotland_n to_o treat_v and_o conclude_v a_o union_n betwixt_o the_o two_o kingdom_n 483._o spetisâ—â—â—d's_n hist_o of_o scotland_n p._n 483._o and_o in_o the_o article_n for_o regulate_a trade_n betwixt_o they_o it_o be_v among_o other_o thing_n mutual_o agree_v that_o the_o fish_n within_o the_o fryth_n and_o bay_n of_o scotland_n and_o in_o the_o sea_n within_o fourteen_o miles_n distance_n from_o the_o coast_n of_o that_o realm_n where_o neither_o english_a nor_o other_o stranger_n have_v use_v to_o fish_n shall_v be_v reserve_v and_o appropriate_v to_o scotchmen_n only_o and_o so_o reciprocal_o on_o the_o part_n of_o england_n scotchmen_n to_o abstain_v from_o fish_v within_o the_o like_a distance_n off_o the_o coast_n of_o england_n but_o if_o english_a and_o scot_n who_o though_o the_o two_o kingdom_n be_v svi_fw-la juris_fw-la and_o independent_a one_o upon_o another_o be_v tie_v together_o in_o the_o same_o common_a bond_n of_o allegiance_n to_o one_o and_o the_o same_o prince_n be_v exclude_v from_o fish_v within_o fourteen_o mile_n from_o each_o other_o coast_n how_o much_o more_o reasonable_a be_v it_o that_o alien_n and_o foreigner_n shall_v be_v oblige_v to_o keep_v the_o like_a distance_n king_n james_n find_v that_o his_o forementioned_a proclamation_n in_o the_o seven_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n for_o a_o license_v fish_v be_v not_o second_v by_o a_o suitable_a compliance_n on_o the_o part_n of_o the_o neighbour_a nation_n do_v about_o nine_o year_n after_o by_o way_n of_o expedient_a propose_v a_o limit_a fish_v instead_o thereof_o for_o thus_o i_o find_v it_o in_o a_o letter_n from_o secretary_n naunton_n to_o the_o lord_n carlton_n english_a ambassador_n at_o the_o hague_n bear_v date_n january_n 21th_o 1618._o he_o acquaint_v he_o how_o the_o king_n have_v by_o he_o the_o say_a secretary_n desire_v of_o the_o commissioner_n of_o the_o state_n then_o reside_v at_o london_n that_o they_o will_v write_v to_o their_o superior_n to_o publish_v a_o placart_n prohibit_v any_o their_o subject_n to_o fish_n within_o fourteen_o mile_n of_o his_o majesty_n coast_n that_o year_n or_o any_o time_n after_o until_o order_n be_v take_v by_o commissioner_n authorize_v on_o both_o side_n for_o a_o final_a settle_n of_o the_o main_a business_n and_o the_o say_a ambassador_n be_v command_v to_o make_v the_o like_a instance_n and_o declaration_n to_o the_o state_n general_n in_o the_o name_n of_o his_o master_n i_o be_o apt_a to_o believe_v this_o distance_n of_o fourteen_o mile_n be_v the_o rather_o pitch_v upon_o as_o the_o regulate_v measure_n which_o have_v be_v agree_v upon_o betwixt_o the_o commissioner_n of_o both_o kingdom_n in_o the_o 2d_o of_o the_o king_n as_o i_o say_v before_o i_o have_v do_v with_o the_o authority_n and_o for_o the_o better_a elucidation_n of_o what_o i_o have_v say_v shall_v brief_o sum_v it_o up_o into_o a_o fictitious_a article_n suppose_v to_o be_v make_v betwixt_o england_n and_o holland_n to_o maintain_v a_o due_a distinction_n betwixt_o native_n and_o foreigner_n in_o fish_v upon_o the_o coast_n of_o their_o respective_a sovereign_n and_o to_o prevent_v the_o manifold_a inconvenience_n which_o occasional_o arise_v by_o a_o promiscuous_a and_o unlimited_a fish_n it_o be_v mutual_o covenant_v conclude_v and_o agree_v that_o the_o people_n and_o subject_n of_o the_o unite_a netherlands_o shall_v henceforth_o abstain_v from_o fish_v within_o any_o the_o river_n fryth_n havens_n or_o bays_n of_o great_a britain_n and_o ireland_n or_o within_o the_o distance_n of_o of_o league_n from_o any_o point_n of_o land_n thereof_o or_o of_o any_o the_o isle_n thereto_o belong_v under_o the_o penalty_n and_o forfeiture_n of_o all_o the_o fish_n that_o shall_v be_v find_v aboard_o any_o vessel_n do_v to_o the_o contrary_a and_o of_o all_o the_o net_n utensil_n and_o other_o instrument_n of_o fish_v the_o like_a distance_n and_o under_o the_o same_o penalty_n to_o be_v keep_v and_o observe_v by_o the_o subject_n of_o his_o majesty_n of_o great_a britain_n and_o ireland_n from_o any_o of_o the_o coast_n belong_v to_o the_o unite_a netherlands_o but_o beyond_o those_o precinct_n and_o limit_n that_o the_o people_n and_o subject_n on_o both_o side_n be_v at_o freedom_n to_o use_v and_o exercise_n fish_v where_o they_o please_v without_o ask_v or_o take_v licence_n or_o safe_a conduct_n for_o so_o do_v and_o without_o the_o let_v hindrance_n or_o molestation_n one_o of_o another_o save_v always_o the_o ancient_a right_n of_o the_o crown_n of_o england_n and_o that_o nothing_o herein_o contain_v be_v interpret_v or_o extend_v to_o any_o diminution_n or_o impeachment_n thereof_o but_o that_o they_o remain_v in_o the_o same_o force_n and_o virtue_n as_o before_o this_o agreement_n the_o article_n be_v pen_v indifferent_o on_o both_o side_n and_o so_o much_o the_o better_a because_o the_o equality_n of_o it_o be_v a_o argument_n of_o its_o equity_n yet_o i_o can_v instance_n in_o several_a benefit_n which_o will_v redound_v to_o england_n from_o such_o a_o article_n be_v it_o pass_v into_o a_o agreement_n but_o they_o be_v not_o proper_a to_o be_v mention_v in_o this_o place_n and_o therefore_o i_o shall_v here_o conclude_v with_o this_o brief_a apology_n that_o what_o i_o have_v write_v be_v for_o the_o justice_n and_o honour_n of_o the_o government_n the_o conservation_n of_o the_o public_a peace_n the_o maintenance_n of_o a_o inviolable_a amity_n with_o our_o ally_n and_o be_v most_o humble_o submit_v to_o better_v inform_v judgement_n errata_fw-la page_n 25._o line_n 3._o read_v 1599_o finis_fw-la
other_o crown_n as_o if_o no_o crown_n have_v ligeance_n at_o sea_n but_o that_o of_o england_n only_o or_o as_o if_o no_o foreigner_n aboard_o his_o own_o vessel_n within_o any_o the_o four_o sea_n be_v within_o the_o ligeance_n of_o his_o own_o natural_a sovereign_n for_o this_o be_v manifest_o repugnant_a to_o daily_a fact_n and_o experience_n as_o we_o shall_v see_v anon_o when_o i_o come_v to_o the_o question_n of_o fact._n as_o to_o that_o other_o expression_n of_o the_o sea_n supra_fw-la co._n in_o constaâ—â—_n case_n ut_fw-la supra_fw-la be_v parcel_n of_o the_o crown_n of_o england_n the_o forementioned_a author_n in_o the_o place_n before_o cite_v expound_v his_o meaning_n to_o be_v that_o it_o be_v parcel_n of_o the_o inheritance_n of_o the_o crown_n of_o england_n thus_o jetsam_n flotsam_n and_o lagan_n appertain_v to_o the_o king_n by_o his_o prerogative_n good_n throw_v overboard_o to_o lighten_v a_o ship_n in_o distress_n by_o wether_n be_v call_v jetsam_n good_n of_o a_o wrecked_a ship_n float_v upon_o the_o water_n be_v call_v flotsam_n good_n sink_v with_o a_o cork_n or_o buoy_z tie_v to_o they_o to_o direct_v to_o the_o place_n be_v call_v lagan_n or_o ligan_n all_o these_o good_n if_o the_o ship_n perish_v and_o no_o owner_n can_v be_v prove_v belong_v to_o the_o king_n in_o right_n of_o his_o crown_n as_o treasure_n trove_v and_z estrais_fw-fr at_o land_n do_v and_o all_o derelict_n who_o property_n be_v lose_v the_o law_n adjudge_v they_o to_o the_o king_n as_o owner_n paramount_n also_o royal_a fish_n 16._o co._n rep._n 7._o case_n de_fw-fr swan_n f._n 16._o as_o whale_n sturgeon_n etc._n etc._n take_v by_o the_o king_n subject_n on_o the_o sea_n of_o england_n appertain_v to_o the_o king_n by_o his_o prerogative_n but_o no_o mention_n make_v in_o any_o of_o our_o law-book_n of_o a_o appropriate_a fish_n exclusive_a of_o the_o people_n and_o subject_n of_o other_o prince_n and_o state_n i_o have_v mention_v these_o passage_n which_o occur_v in_o the_o book_n of_o our_o municipal_a law_n because_o though_o of_o excellent_a use_n and_o undeniable_a verity_n when_o fit_o apply_v to_o what_o they_o be_v design_v and_o intend_v yet_o if_o misapply_v to_o the_o case_n of_o the_o dominion_n of_o the_o 4_o sea_n as_o it_o stand_v betwixt_o england_n and_o other_o nation_n they_o may_v and_o do_v occasion_n error_n and_o mistake_n those_o book_n handle_v case_n betwixt_o subject_a and_o subject_a and_o sometime_o betwixt_o crown_n and_o subject_n but_o not_o betwixt_o crown_n and_o crown_n i_o mean_v betwixt_o england_n and_o other_o kingdom_n matter_n of_o this_o nature_n must_v be_v look_v for_o in_o the_o public_a treaty_n and_o transaction_n of_o state_n betwixt_o our_o king_n and_o foreign_a prince_n or_o in_o a_o long_a peaceable_a possession_n which_o we_o call_v prescription_n and_o these_o i_o shall_v examine_v by_o and_o by_o thus_o far_o i_o have_v endeavour_v to_o clear_v the_o true_a notion_n of_o sea-dominion_n neither_o extend_v it_o to_o impeach_v the_o free_a navigation_n and_o commerce_n of_o peaceable_a trader_n due_a to_o they_o of_o natural_a right_n and_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n notwithstanding_o such_o dominion_n nor_o yet_o make_v it_o a_o verbal_a notion_n only_o consist_v in_o word_n and_o form_n of_o speech_n without_o any_o real_a fruit_n and_o effect_n but_o have_v instance_a in_o three_o weighty_a thing_n as_o the_o inseparable_a incident_n of_o it_o i_o shall_v now_o proceed_v to_o the_o matter_n of_o fact_n but_o forasmuch_o as_o some_o without_o examination_n take_v it_o for_o grant_v that_o the_o accustom_a salutation_n at_o sea_n by_o the_o flag_n and_o topsail_n be_v a_o act_n of_o recognition_n and_o acknowledgement_n of_o the_o sovereign_a dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n inherent_a in_o that_o prince_n to_o who_o such_o salutation_n be_v perform_v i_o shall_v crave_v leave_n to_o examine_v this_o in_o the_o first_o place_n chap._n iii_o what_o the_o salutation_n at_o sea_n by_o the_o flag_n and_o topsail_n signify_v and_o whether_o it_o have_v any_o relation_n to_o the_o dominion_n of_o it_o the_o salutation_n at_o sea_n by_o the_o flag_n and_o topsail_n be_v never_o covenant_v in_o any_o the_o public_a treaty_n betwixt_o england_n and_o other_o nation_n but_o in_o those_o with_o the_o unite_a netherlands_o only_o and_o never_o in_o any_o of_o they_o till_o the_o year_n 1654._o and_o i_o be_o inclinable_a to_o believe_v that_o there_o be_v particular_a reason_n why_o it_o be_v then_o covenant_v partly_o because_o at_o that_o time_n the_o royal_a dignity_n of_o england_n be_v debase_v and_o disguise_v under_o the_o obscure_a name_n of_o a_o protectorat_n and_o they_o who_o have_v not_o refuse_v it_o to_o a_o ancient_o crown_v head_n may_v make_v some_o scruple_n to_o do_v it_o to_o a_o new_a republic_n and_o partly_o because_o that_o war_n begin_v upon_o a_o dispute_n for_o the_o honour_n of_o the_o flag_n i_o can_v say_v it_o be_v the_o sole_a cause_n of_o the_o war_n but_o it_o be_v the_o first_o occasion_n of_o it_o for_o while_o blake_n be_v in_o dover_n ride_v with_o the_o english_a fleet_n tromp_n with_o double_a the_o number_n of_o ship_n but_o not_o equal_a in_o goodness_n stand_v over_o from_o the_o coast_n of_o calais_n direct_o towards_o he_o and_o come_v up_o close_o with_o he_o with_o his_o flag_n alost_a jack_n and_o pendant_n sly_v and_o all_o the_o bravery_n he_o can_v display_v 1652._o may_v 1652._o blake_n be_v too_o stout_a to_o brook_v the_o affront_n and_o so_o in_o plain_a english_a the_o two_o general_n sell_v together_o by_o the_o ear_n neither_o of_o they_o know_v how_o soon_o he_o may_v be_v call_v to_o a_o severe_a account_n by_o his_o superior_n for_o what_o he_o have_v do_v but_o they_o justify_v themselves_o by_o cast_v the_o blame_n one_o upon_o the_o other_o and_o thus_o the_o servant_n quarrel_v soon_o become_v the_o master_n and_o both_o nation_n engage_v in_o a_o sierce_a war_n which_o end_v in_o 165â—_n and_o in_o the_o 13_o article_n of_o the_o preaty_n of_o peace_n then_o conclude_v to_o prevent_v the_o like_a dispute_n for_o the_o suture_a it_o be_v covenant_v that_o the_o ship_n of_o the_o unite_a province_n as_o well_o thâ—se_a siâ—â—ed_v for_o wâ—r_n as_o other_o which_o hold_v meet_v in_o the_o british_a sea_n any_o the_o 〈◊〉_d of_o war_n of_o england_n shall_v shriek_n their_o flag_n and_o lower_v their_o tepsail_n in_o such_o manner_n as_o have_v be_v any_o time_n practise_v 〈◊〉_d under_o any_o former_a government_n but_o whereas_o some_o think_v that_o this_o be_v prejudicial_a to_o england_n to_o take_v that_o by_o covenant_n which_o they_o hold_v before_o by_o prescription_n i_o be_o not_o so_o clear_a in_o that_o opinion_n for_o what_o stand_v before_o upon_o the_o soot_n of_o courtesy_n or_o of_o custom_n at_o the_o best_a be_v now_o confirm_v by_o a_o superven_a contrast_n and_o pass_v into_o a_o national_a law_n found_v upon_o mutual_a consent_n and_o from_o the_o treaty_n in_o 165â—_n it_o pass_v into_o that_o make_v at_o westminster_n by_o his_o late_a majesty_n in_o 1662._o and_o from_o thence_o into_o that_o make_v at_o breda_n in_o 1667_o in_o which_o as_o in_o the_o former_a the_o flag_n and_o topsail_n be_v express_o covenant_v for_o in_o the_o british_a sea_n but_o by_o a_o late_a treaty_n viz._n 1673._o instead_o of_o the_o british_a sea_n there_o be_v a_o enlargement_n to_o the_o sea_n betwixt_o cape_n finisterre_n to_o the_o middle_a point_n of_o the_o land_n van_fw-mi staten_n in_o norwey_n here_o it_o be_v to_o be_v observe_v that_o in_o the_o forementioned_a treaty_n the_o salutation_n by_o the_o flag_n and_o topsail_n be_v not_o where_o say_v to_o be_v a_o acknowledgement_n of_o the_o sovereignty_n of_o the_o crown_n of_o england_n in_o and_o over_o the_o british_a sea_n nor_o so_o much_o as_o intimate_v or_o imply_v but_o on_o the_o contrary_a as_o it_o be_v on_o purpose_n to_o prevent_v such_o a_o construstion_n it_o be_v express_o say_v to_o be_v a_o respect_n the_o word_n of_o the_o treaty_n 1673_o be_v thâ—se_a in_o acknowledgement_n of_o the_o king_n of_o great_a britain_n be_v right_o to_o have_v his_o flag_n respect_v they_o i._n e._n the_o dutch_a shall_v strike_v their_o flag_n and_o lower_v their_o topsail_n in_o the_o same_o manner_n and_o with_o the_o same_o respect_n as_o have_v at_o any_o time_n or_o in_o any_o place_n be_v former_o practise_v it_o be_v true_a it_o have_v be_v offer_v at_o to_o make_v this_o respect_n pass_v into_o a_o acknowledgement_n of_o sovereignty_n but_o it_o be_v but_o a_o offer_n and_o so_o vanish_v for_o in_o the_o project_n or_o concept_n of_o 27_o article_n deliver_v in_o the_o year_n 165â—_n by_o the_o than_o english_a commissioner_n to_o the_o dutch_a ambassador_n in_o the_o 15_o article_n it_o be_v
dover_n and_o the_o dutch_a fleet_n put_v out_o in_o like_a manner_n upon_o the_o north-east_n sea_n and_o fight_v the_o spanish_a fleet_n in_o the_o down_n it_o be_v true_a that_o sir_n john_n pennington_n who_o then_o command_v the_o english_a guard_n endeavour_v to_o hinder_v they_o from_o sight_v so_o near_o the_o port_n to_o the_o disturbance_n of_o the_o security_n and_o protection_n of_o they_o and_o trouble_v the_o commerce_n and_o intercourse_n of_o the_o king_n liege_n and_n ally_n but_o no_o complaint_n make_v either_o then_o or_o afterward_o of_o the_o two_o fleet_n of_o war_n enter_v the_o sea_n aforesaid_a parcel_n of_o the_o dominion_n and_o territory_n of_o the_o crown_n of_o england_n without_o a_o special_a licence_n first_o ask_v and_o obtain_v and_o it_o will_v be_v time_n misspend_v to_o recount_v how_o often_o either_o spaniard_n french_a or_o dutch_a have_v enter_v these_o sea_n with_o arm_a fleet_n and_o convoy_n as_o their_o occasion_n oblige_v they_o free_o without_o leave_n and_o without_o control_n i_o speak_v not_o here_o of_o the_o private_a notice_n and_o intimation_n which_o one_o prince_n may_v in_o friendly_a manner_n give_v another_o to_o satisfy_v he_o of_o the_o reason_n of_o any_o extraordinary_a military_a preparation_n and_o of_o the_o clearness_n of_o his_o intention_n towards_o he_o but_o of_o a_o formal_a previous_a leave_n to_o be_v ask_v and_o obtain_v by_o a_o foreign_a prince_n or_o state_n before_o they_o put_v out_o to_o sea_n upon_o the_o maritime_a territory_n of_o the_o crown_n of_o england_n in_o a_o warlike_a equipage_n in_o the_o year_n 165â—_n the_o state_n general_n give_v public_a notice_n by_o their_o ambassador_n here_o in_o england_n that_o they_o have_v resolve_v to_o fit_v out_o to_o sea_n a_o extraordinary_a fleet_n of_o one_o hundred_o and_o fifty_o man_n of_o war_n beside_o those_o in_o present_a service_n for_o the_o security_n and_o preservation_n of_o their_o navigation_n and_o commerce_n they_o do_v not_o ask_v leave_n to_o do_v it_o but_o first_o resolve_v upon_o it_o and_o then_o give_v notice_n and_o they_o pretend_v this_o notice_n be_v a_o argument_n of_o their_o sincerity_n and_o good_a will_n in_o order_n to_o prevent_v all_o misunderstanding_n and_o finist_a interpretation_n but_o they_o in_o england_n understand_v it_o otherwise_o and_o resent_v it_o as_o a_o bravado_n and_o insult_n i_o pass_v now_o to_o the_o second_o incident_a of_o the_o sovereignty_n 1661._o of_o the_o marine_a jurisdiction_n and_o the_o law_n of_o oleron_n videsis_n we_o &_o corstumâ—s_n de_fw-fr la_fw-fr mer_n print_v at_o boâ—â—deaux_n 1661._o to_o examine_v the_o matter_n of_o fact_n as_o to_o that_o viz._n the_o marine_a jurisdiction_n it_o be_v common_o affirm_v by_o english_a writer_n that_o our_o king_n richard_n the_o first_o the_o french_a give_v a_o different_a account_n do_v in_o his_o return_n from_o the_o holy_a land_n make_v and_o declare_v certain_a marine_a law_n for_o the_o better_a regulation_n of_o commerce_n which_o from_o the_o place_n of_o their_o first_o publication_n be_v call_v the_o law_n of_o oleron_n a_o small_a island_n situate_a in_o the_o bay_n of_o aquitain_n and_o a_o member_n of_o that_o great_a and_o wealthy_a duchy_n which_o be_v in_o the_o actual_a possession_n of_o king_n richard_n as_o his_o maternal_a inheritance_n for_o it_o come_v to_o his_o father_n henry_n the_o second_o by_o marriage_n with_o elinor_n daughter_n and_o heir_n of_o william_n duke_n of_o aquitain_n and_o by_o the_o way_n it_o may_v be_v note_v that_o this_o duchy_n either_o in_o whole_a or_o part_n continue_v in_o the_o possession_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n by_o ten_o descent_n to_o the_o 32d_o of_o henry_n the_o six_o near_o 300_o year_n though_o that_o of_o normandy_n continue_v but_o five_o descent_n and_o end_v in_o king_n john._n but_o whether_o these_o law_n be_v publish_v as_o aforesaid_a by_o king_n richard_n or_o whether_o about_o sixty_o year_n after_o as_o some_o print_a edition_n will_v have_v they_o be_v not_o a_o enquiry_n pertinent_a to_o this_o place_n be_v it_o admit_v those_o law_n be_v publish_v by_o king_n richard_n who_o be_v actual_a duke_n both_o of_o aquitain_n and_o normandy_n and_o in_o right_a of_o the_o latter_a lord_n on_o both_o side_n the_o english_a channel_n the_o great_a intercourse_n betwixt_o his_o english_a and_o french_a subject_n and_o those_o of_o his_o ally_n require_v a_o certain_a rule_n of_o sea-law_n for_o the_o more_o speedy_a and_o impartial_a determination_n of_o all_o controversy_n which_o may_v occasional_o arise_v these_o law_n of_o oleron_n as_o to_o the_o main_a of_o they_o be_v but_o a_o transcript_n of_o the_o old_a rhodian_a law_n with_o some_o new_a addition_n and_o amendment_n accommodate_v to_o the_o practice_n of_o that_o age_n and_o the_o custom_n of_o the_o western_a nation_n who_o thereupon_o may_v ready_o conform_v to_o they_o as_o to_o a_o common_a standard_n and_o measure_n like_o a_o law_n of_o nation_n for_o the_o more_o equal_a distribution_n of_o justice_n among_o the_o people_n of_o different_a government_n but_o to_o infer_v from_o hence_o a_o universal_a monarchy_n at_o sea_n and_o that_o king_n richard_n in_o right_a of_o his_o imperial_a crown_n of_o england_n and_o ducal_z crown_n of_o nâ—rmandy_n and_o aquitain_n do_v as_o sole_a or_o supreme_a legislator_n for_o the_o marine_a authoritative_o impose_v sea-law_n upon_o the_o people_n and_o subject_n oâ—_n other_o nation_n be_v but_o a_o strain_a inference_n the_o roman_n be_v far_o enough_o from_o yield_v a_o sea-sovereignty_n to_o the_o little_a republic_n of_o rhodes_n and_o yet_o be_v so_o well_o satisfy_v with_o the_o equity_n of_o their_o sea-law_n that_o they_o not_o only_o conform_v to_o they_o dâ—â—â—l_n lab._n 11._o dâ—â—â—l_n but_o incorporate_v they_o into_o the_o body_n of_o their_o digest_v and_o as_o the_o rhodian_a law_n obtain_v in_o the_o mediterranean_a and_o the_o law_n of_o oleron_n in_o the_o western_a and_o english_a sea_n so_o the_o law_n of_o wisbuy_n a_o town_n situate_a upon_o the_o little_a isle_n of_o gotland_n in_o the_o eastern_a part_n of_o the_o baltic_a former_o under_o denmark_n now_o under_o the_o crown_n of_o sueden_n call_v from_o thence_o leges_fw-la wisbuicenses_fw-la 19â—_n pâ—â—k_v in_fw-ge 〈…〉_o tit._n diâ—_n &_o cod._n 〈…〉_o p._n 19â—_n be_v receive_v by_o the_o general_a consent_n of_o the_o northern_a trader_n as_o a_o common_a measure_n for_o all_o nautick_a assair_n to_o the_o northwards_o of_o the_o rhine_n and_o throughout_o the_o whole_a baltic_a that_o the_o sea_n be_v within_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n be_v a_o matter_n unquestionable_a not_o at_o home_n only_o but_o among_o all_o nation_n his_o admiral_n have_v and_o ever_o have_v through_o a_o long_a series_n of_o age_n the_o conusance_n of_o all_o contract_n plea_n and_o querrels_n make_v upon_o the_o sea_n out_o of_o the_o body_n of_o any_o county_n of_o england_n which_o power_n be_v enlarge_v by_o the_o statute_n of_o 15_o r._n 2._o cap._n 3._o to_o death_n and_o mayhem_n upon_o great_a ship_n in_o the_o main_a stream_n of_o great_a river_n and_o by_o the_o statute_n of_o 28._o hen._n 8._o cap._n 15._o a_o court_n of_o commission_n may_v be_v hold_v under_o the_o great_a seal_n coram_fw-la admirallo_fw-la etc._n etc._n to_o hear_v and_o determine_v all_o treason_n felony_n robbery_n etc._n etc._n do_v or_o commit_v upon_o the_o sea._n but_o then_o it_o be_v evident_a and_o undeniable_a also_o that_o the_o neighbour_a kingdom_n and_o state_n who_o border_n upon_o the_o sea_n have_v their_o distinct_a admiralty_n likewise_o and_o have_v long_o since_o have_v where_o their_o subject_n and_o people_n receive_v sinal_a sentence_n in_o all_o maritime_a cause_n without_o exception_n of_o any_o sea_n or_o without_o appeal_n to_o the_o admiralty_n of_o england_n as_o the_o last_o resort_n or_o as_o have_v supreme_a conusance_n of_o all_o thing_n do_v and_o commit_v in_o and_o upon_o the_o british_a sea_n if_o a_o french_a or_o dutch_a vessel_n take_v a_o pirate_n of_o what_o nation_n soever_o who_o have_v commit_v a_o robbery_n upon_o the_o english_a sea_n they_o do_v not_o remit_v he_o to_o the_o admiralty_n of_o england_n as_o to_o the_o sole_a tribunal_n of_o the_o place_n where_o the_o fact_n be_v do_v to_o receive_v sentence_n there_o but_o they_o carry_v he_o before_o their_o own_o judicatories_n and_o judge_v he_o as_o a_o enemy_n of_o mankind_n by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n if_o one_o foreigner_n do_v any_o injury_n to_o another_o be_v it_o fraud_n or_o violence_n upon_o the_o british_a sea_n the_o party_n injure_v make_v not_o his_o complaint_n to_o the_o admiralty_n of_o england_n as_o the_o proper_a court_n and_o as_o have_v the_o sole_a juridical_a conusance_n of_o his_o plea_n but_o resort_v to_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o his_o own_o sovereign_n or_o
to_o that_o of_o the_o sovereign_n of_o the_o wrongdoer_n and_o there_o implead_v he_o and_o pray_v for_o justice_n if_o a_o frenchman_n kill_v a_o frenchman_n one_o alien_a another_o upon_o the_o land_n of_o england_n the_o fact_n be_v commit_v within_o the_o local_a ligeance_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n and_o against_o the_o peace_n and_o protection_n of_o his_o crown_n and_o therefore_o triable_a before_o his_o court_n but_o if_o two_o englishman_n be_v under_o the_o pay_n and_o service_n of_o the_o french_a king_n and_o one_o of_o they_o kill_v the_o other_o aboard_o a_o french_a man_n of_o war_n within_o the_o 4_o sea_n the_o french_a king_n judicature_n will_v have_v the_o conusance_n of_o the_o crime_n as_o do_v within_o his_o ligeance_n and_o against_o the_o peace_n and_o protection_n of_o his_o crown_n thus_o stand_v the_o matter_n of_o fact_n as_o to_o the_o marine_a jurisdiction_n and_o thus_o it_o have_v be_v for_o many_o age_n but_o yet_o there_o be_v a_o ancient_a precedent_n which_o seem_v to_o impugn_v something_o that_o have_v be_v say_v and_o not_o to_o take_v notice_n of_o it_o be_v to_o report_v thing_n unfaithful_o and_o therefore_o i_o crave_v leave_n to_o examine_v it_o it_o be_v a_o bundle_n or_o roli_n in_o the_o tower_n of_o london_n superscribe_v de_fw-fr superioritate_fw-la maris_fw-la angliae_fw-la &_o jure_fw-la officii_fw-la admiralitatis_fw-la in_o codem_fw-la record_n i_o can_v scarce_o call_v it_o 27_o 〈…〉_o cap._n 27_o for_o it_o be_v not_o any_o judicial_a act_n or_o monument_n of_o a_o court_n of_o record_n and_o it_o may_v be_v read_v as_o it_o be_v transcribe_v at_o large_a by_o lord_n chief_a justice_n cake_n and_o by_o mr._n selden_n who_o high_o insist_o upon_o it_o i_o shall_v abbreviate_v it_o true_o and_o in_o short_a the_o case_n be_v this_o a_o league_n have_v be_v conclude_v betwixt_o edward_n the_o first_o of_o england_n and_z philip_z the_o fair_a of_o france_n 〈…〉_o of_o the_o 〈…〉_o in_o which_o it_o be_v covenant_v that_o each_o shall_v defend_v the_o other_o right_n and_o neither_o relieve_v the_o other_o enemy_n after_o this_o a_o war_n ensue_v betwixt_o philip_n and_o the_o earl_n of_o flanders_n who_o edward_n secret_o savour_v whereupon_o reyner_n grimbald_n who_o be_v general_n at_o sea_n for_o the_o king_n of_o france_n take_v several_a ship_n both_o of_o england_n and_o of_o other_o nation_n trade_n to_o flanders_n and_o confiscate_v ship_n and_o good_n and_o imprison_v person_n as_o carry_v relief_n to_o a_o enemy_n upon_o which_o and_o other_o complaint_n commissioner_n be_v appoint_v by_o both_o king_n call_v in_o the_o roll_n write_v in_o norman_a french_a auditor_n deputez_fw-fr per_fw-la les_fw-fr roys_n d'engleterre_fw-fr &_o de_fw-fr france_n a_o redresser_n les_fw-fr damage_n faits_fw-fr the_o plaintiff_n who_o be_v of_o several_a nation_n appear_v by_o their_o procurator_n or_o attorney_n before_o the_o say_a commissioner_n and_o join_v all_o together_o in_o one_o bill_n or_o libel_n as_o be_v all_o involve_a in_o one_o common_a cause_n in_o the_o rehearsal_n of_o the_o say_a libel_n it_o be_v allege_v that_o whereas_o the_o king_n of_o england_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o say_a kingdom_n from_o time_n to_o time_n whereof_o there_o be_v no_o memory_n to_o the_o contrary_a have_v be_v in_o peaceable_a possession_n of_o the_o sovereign_a dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n of_o england_n and_o of_o the_o isle_n of_o the_o same_o by_o ordain_v of_o law_n etc._n etc._n and_o whereas_o it_o be_v covenant_v in_o the_o league_n late_o make_v betwixt_o the_o two_o king_n that_o each_o shall_v defend_v the_o other_o right_n franchise_n and_o liberty_n etc._n etc._n mounseur_fw-fr reyner_n grimbald_n commander_n of_o the_o fleet_n of_o the_o king_n of_o france_n who_o name_n himself_o admiral_n of_o the_o say_a sea_n be_v commissioned_n by_o that_o king_n to_o serve_v he_o in_o his_o wâ—â—_n against_o flanders_n have_v contrary_a to_o the_o say_a league_n wrongful_o assume_v the_o office_n of_o the_o admiralty_n in_o the_o say_v gea_n of_o england_n upon_o pretence_n of_o the_o say_a commission_n take_v the_o people_n and_o merchant_n &c_n &c_n they_o pray_v that_o the_o person_n ship_n and_o good_n so_o take_v may_v be_v deliver_v to_o the_o admiral_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n to_o who_o the_o counsance_n of_o the_o whole_a matter_n of_o right_o appertain_v he_o who_o shall_v read_v more_o at_o large_a in_o the_o place_n before_o quote_v the_o magnificent_a attribute_n give_v to_o the_o king_n of_o england_n of_o their_o be_v peaceable_o possess_v time_n immemorial_n of_o the_o sovereign_a dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n of_o england_n by_o ordain_v law_n and_o statute_n prohibit_v arm_n and_o arm_a vessel_n take_v surety_n and_o give_v safeguard_n and_o ordain_v all_o other_o thing_n necessary_a to_o the_o preservation_n of_o peace_n and_o right_n among_o all_o people_n pass_v upon_o that_o sea_n etc._n etc._n will_v at_o first_o view_n be_v ready_a to_o cry_v out_o suimus_fw-la troes_n fuit_fw-la ilium_n we_o be_v english_a man_n england_n be_v and_o yet_o perhaps_o no_o need_n of_o such_o exclamation_n at_o first_o read_v it_o seem_v to_o i_o at_o some_o distance_n like_o a_o stone_n wall_n athwart_o my_o way_n and_o no_o possibility_n of_o pass_v far_o but_o when_o i_o examine_v it_o more_o near_o i_o find_v it_o but_o a_o silken_a curtain_n of_o specious_a word_n draw_v artificial_o before_o the_o eye_n and_o easy_a to_o be_v put_v back_o by_o the_o hand_n 1._o first_o it_o be_v to_o be_v note_v that_o all_o this_o be_v but_o a_o plaidoyé_n a_o plea_n or_o action_n a_o supplicatory_a libel_n or_o bill_n of_o complaint_n no_o definitive_a sentence_n or_o arrest_n nothing_o that_o do_v pass_v in_o rem_fw-la judicatam_fw-la this_o alone_a be_v there_o nothing_o more_o be_v sufficient_a to_o abate_v the_o intrinsic_a value_n of_o it_o the_o roll_n make_v no_o mention_n of_o any_o decision_n give_v by_o the_o delegate_n upon_o any_o the_o matter_n contain_v in_o the_o libel_n and_o either_o none_o be_v give_v which_o seem_v most_o probable_a and_o those_o controversy_n decide_v some_o other_o way_n or_o the_o roll_n be_v leave_v imperfect_a 2._o though_o the_o interessent_n of_o several_a nation_n as_o dane_n german_n hollander_n etc._n etc._n suffer_v damage_n by_o the_o seizure_n of_o grimbald_n in_o like_a manner_n as_o the_o english_a do_v and_o therefore_o join_v with_o they_o in_o the_o same_o libel_n yet_o the_o libel_n be_v pen_v by_o english_a council_n as_o be_v manifest_a by_o the_o address_n or_o direction_n oâ—_n it_o a_o vous_fw-fr signior_n auditeurs_fw-fr deputez_fw-fr to_o you_o lord_n auditor_n depute_v par_fw-fr les_fw-fr roys_n d'engleterre_fw-fr &_o de_fw-fr france_n by_o the_o king_n of_o england_n and_o france_n where_o england_n have_v the_o preference_n of_o order_n to_o france_n contrary_a to_o the_o style_n of_o neutral_a nation_n of_o that_o age._n 3._o the_o allegation_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n have_v be_v time_n immemorial_n in_o the_o peaceable_a possession_n of_o the_o sovereignty_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v not_o make_v by_o the_o french_a delegate_n in_o the_o name_n of_o the_o king_n their_o master_n but_o by_o english_a advocat_n in_o favour_n of_o their_o client_n cause_v the_o french_a king_n have_v commission_v grinthald_v to_o exercise_v jurisdiction_n at_o sea_n by_o arrest_v and_o confiscate_v ship_n and_o good_n and_o imprison_v person_n for_o carry_v relief_n to_o the_o earl_n of_o flanders_n his_o enemy_n by_o which_o commission_n grimbald_n justify_v himself_o for_o do_v such_o act_n as_o be_v manifest_o repugnant_a to_o the_o peaceable_a possession_n of_o the_o say_v sovereign_a dominion_n on_o the_o part_n of_o england_n if_o the_o king_n of_o france_n have_v acknowledge_v the_o admiral_n of_o england_n the_o only_a competent_a judge_n of_o thing_n do_v and_o commit_v upon_o the_o sea_n of_o england_n why_o do_v he_o together_o with_o the_o king_n of_o england_n depute_v auditor_n or_o delegate_n for_o determine_v those_o matter_n then_o in_o controversy_n 4._o the_o art_n in_o pen_v the_o say_a libel_n be_v remarkable_a it_o affirm_v the_o marine_a jurisdiction_n of_o the_o admiral_n of_o england_n but_o it_o do_v not_o except_v against_o a_o power_n in_o the_o king_n of_o france_n to_o constitute_v a_o admiral_n with_o the_o like_a jurisdiction_n and_o that_o upon_o the_o sea_n towards_o flanders_n 〈…〉_o 〈…〉_o for_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o the_o crown_n of_o france_n have_v admiral_n before_o the_o time_n of_o philip_n the_o fair._n it_o be_v true_a that_o great_a body_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o france_n have_v be_v cantonize_v and_o divide_v after_o the_o manner_n of_o the_o german_a nation_n into_o many_o franca_n fâ—uda_n as_o they_o â—alied_v they_o free_a fee_n which_o be_v supreme_a and_o independent_a sovereignty_n only_o the_o person_n of_o those_o
sovereign_n under_o a_o personal_a obligation_n of_o fealty_n to_o another_o the_o respective_a senatory_a prince_n be_v siduciary_a homager_n to_o the_o king_n of_o france_n but_o the_o crown_n of_o france_n have_v no_o regal_a jurisdiction_n or_o authority_n within_o those_o frincipality_n thus_o the_o great_a dakedom_n of_o aquitain_n and_o normandy_n be_v under_o the_o king_n of_o england_n that_o of_o britain_n be_v under_o a_o duke_n of_o its_o own_o the_o earldom_n of_o provence_n tolose_o and_o â—anders_n acknowledge_v their_o own_o sovereign_a count_n in_o those_o day_n the_o crown_n of_o france_n have_v only_o a_o small_a sea-coast_n upon_o picardy_n and_o some_o in_o the_o mediterranean_a but_o in_o the_o time_n of_o philip_n the_o fair_a that_o crown_n be_v in_o the_o actual_a possession_n of_o all_o normandy_n and_o as_o the_o other_o principality_n become_v reincorporate_v into_o the_o body_n of_o france_n from_o whence_o they_o have_v former_o be_v dismember_v as_o now_o they_o all_o be_v except_v some_o part_n of_o flanders_n that_o kingdom_n as_o it_o enlarge_v itself_o to_o the_o sea_n by_o the_o accession_n of_o many_o new_a coast_n so_o the_o marine_a jurisdiction_n thereof_o increase_v proportionable_o i_o say_v the_o fore-recited_a libel_n do_v not_o deny_v a_o civil_a power_n or_o capacity_n in_o the_o crown_n of_o france_n to_o create_v a_o admiral_n and_o to_o invest_v he_o with_o marine_a jurisdiction_n but_o the_o exception_n be_v partly_o against_o the_o person_n of_o grimbald_n and_o partly_o against_o his_o illegal_a practice_n and_o seizure_n contrary_a to_o the_o alliance_n make_v betwixt_o the_o two_o king_n now_o this_o grimbald_n be_v a_o foreigner_n and_o a_o mercenary_a he_o be_v a_o genoese_a who_o the_o king_n of_o france_n have_v hire_v with_o several_a galley_n of_o that_o republic_n to_o serve_v he_o in_o his_o war_n against_o flanders_n the_o plaintiff_n in_o their_o libel_n call_v he_o maistre_fw-mi de_fw-fr la_fw-fr navy_n du_fw-fr roy_fw-fr de_fw-fr france_n master_n or_o commander_n of_o the_o french_a fleet_n but_o will_v not_o vouchsafe_v he_o the_o title_n of_o a_o admiral_n only_o que_fw-fr se_fw-fr dit_fw-fr estre_fw-fr admiral_n that_o he_o call_v himself_o a_o admiral_n and_o crafty_o reclaim_v the_o conusance_n of_o their_o cause_n from_o he_o as_o a_o incompetent_a judge_n to_o the_o admiral_n of_o england_n as_o a_o undoubted_a authority_n and_o before_o who_o they_o be_v sure_a to_o gain_v their_o process_n i_o have_v do_v with_o the_o marine_a jurisdiction_n fishery_n of_o the_o fishery_n and_o proceed_v now_o to_o the_o three_o and_o last_o incident_a of_o the_o dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n and_o which_o inseparable_o follow_v it_o and_o that_o be_v the_o sole_a fish_n without_o which_o it_o will_v be_v a_o property_n without_o profit_n a_o name_n without_o a_o thing_n he_o who_o have_v the_o soil_n or_o ground_n have_v the_o herbage_n and_o other_o growth_n of_o it_o or_o else_o a_o rent_n for_o it_o if_o other_o may_v free_o depasture_n with_o he_o it_o be_v a_o common_a the_o enquiry_n be_v upon_o the_o matter_n of_o fact_n as_o to_o fish_v upon_o the_o sea_n about_o england_n in_o which_o our_o public_a treaty_n make_v betwixt_o our_o king_n and_o other_o sovereign_n will_v be_v our_o best_a direction_n and_o they_o stand_v thus_o all_o the_o ancient_a treaty_n i_o can_v meet_v with_o conclude_v betwixt_o the_o several_a king_n of_o england_n and_o their_o old_a confederate_n the_o duke_n of_o britanny_n and_o burgundy_n which_o in_o those_o age_n be_v the_o most_o powerful_a neighbour_n they_o have_v at_o sea_n be_v of_o the_o same_o tenor_n and_o run_v in_o the_o same_o form_n viz._n they_o covenant_n on_o both_o side_n that_o their_o respective_a subject_n shall_v free_o and_o without_o the_o let_v or_o hindrance_n one_o of_o another_o fish_v every_o where_n upon_o the_o sea_n without_o ask_v any_o licenses_fw-la passport_n or_o safe_a conduct_n this_o be_v the_o general_n form_n of_o they_o all_o for_o example_n in_o the_o treaty_n betwixt_o edward_n the_o four_o of_o england_n and_o francis_n duke_n of_o britanny_n the_o article_n in_o the_o french_a of_o that_o time_n run_v thus_o that_o the_o fisherman_n both_o of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o england_n and_o duchy_n of_o britanny_n purront_v peaceablement_n aller_fw-fr par_fw-fr tout_fw-fr sur_fw-fr mer_n pour_fw-fr pescher_fw-fr &_o gaigner_n leur_fw-fr viure_fw-fr sans_fw-fr impeachement_fw-fr ouâ—_n disturber_n de_fw-fr l'une_fw-fr party_n ou_fw-fr de_fw-fr l'autre_fw-fr &_o sans_fw-fr leur_fw-fr soit_fw-fr besoigne_n sur_fw-fr ceo_fw-la requirir_fw-fr sauf_fw-fr conduct_n and_o the_o same_o form_n have_v be_v use_v before_o in_o the_o treaty_n betwixt_o henry_n the_o 6_o and_o the_o than_o duchess_n of_o burgundy_n thus_o also_o in_o the_o famous_a treaty_n call_v intercursus_fw-la magnus_fw-la make_v in_o the_o year_n 1495_o betwixt_o henry_n the_o seven_o of_o england_n and_o philip_n the_o four_o archduke_n of_o austria_n and_o duke_n of_o burgundy_n in_o the_o 14_o article_n it_o be_v agree_v quod_fw-la piscatores_fw-la utriusque_fw-la partis_fw-la poterint_fw-la ubique_fw-la ire_n navigare_fw-la per_fw-la mare_fw-la secure_a piscari_fw-la absque_fw-la impedimento_fw-la licentia_fw-la seu_fw-la salvo_fw-la conductu_fw-la and_o this_o form_n be_v also_o keep_v to_o in_o the_o treaty_n make_v betwixt_o henry_n the_o eight_o and_o chaâ—les_v the_o five_o emperor_n and_o duke_n of_o burgundy_n in_o the_o time_n of_o queen_n elizabeth_n after_o that_o seven_o of_o the_o seventeen_o province_n have_v set_v up_o distinct_a sovereignty_n of_o their_o own_o they_o still_o enjoy_v the_o same_o freedom_n of_o fish_v as_o they_o have_v do_v before_o when_o unite_v with_o the_o house_n of_o burgundy_n and_o in_o the_o treaty_n make_v betwixt_o king_n james_n of_o england_n and_o philip_n of_o spain_n in_o the_o year_n 1604_o the_o ancient_a treaty_n of_o intercourse_n and_o commerce_n betwixt_o the_o kingdom_n of_o england_n scotland_n and_o irelanâ—_n and_o the_o dominion_n of_o the_o duke_n of_o burgundy_n and_o prince_n of_o the_o low-countries_n be_v revive_v and_o reconsirm_v from_o whence_o it_o appear_v upon_o the_o whole_a matter_n of_o fact_n that_o the_o king_n of_o england_n in_o their_o treaty_n with_o other_o sovereign_n not_o once_o or_o twice_o but_o in_o a_o succession_n of_o age_n not_o by_o surprise_n but_o deliberate_o and_o when_o the_o business_n of_o the_o fishery_n come_v under_o special_a consultation_n do_v not_o challenge_v to_o themselves_o the_o sole_a right_o thereof_o exclusive_o of_o all_o other_o as_o be_v appropriate_v to_o the_o crown_n of_o england_n for_o have_v they_o esteem_v the_o fishery_n the_o property_n of_o their_o crown_n and_o all_o alien_n exclude_v from_o it_o they_o will_v not_o have_v admit_v the_o subject_n of_o britanny_n and_o burgundy_n to_o a_o promiscuous_a fish_n with_o their_o own_o subject_n without_o some_o valuable_a consideration_n have_v be_v give_v for_o it_o or_o at_o least_o some_o licence_n obtain_v as_o a_o beneficiary_n grant_v derive_v from_o they_o or_o some_o acknowledgement_n make_v by_o way_n of_o a_o salvo_n jure_fw-la a_o save_v to_o the_o right_n of_o the_o crown_n or_o england_n else_o it_o will_v be_v as_o unreasonable_a as_o if_o a_o man_n shall_v throw_v down_o the_o enclosure_n of_o his_o own_o ground_n and_o lay_v that_o common_a which_o before_o be_v his_o property_n which_o be_v too_o gross_a a_o reflection_n upon_o the_o wisdom_n of_o those_o age_n and_o this_o may_v be_v further_o illustrate_v by_o a_o samiliar_a instance_n suppose_v here_o in_o england_n two_o great_a manor_n and_o betwixt_o they_o a_o large_a lake_n of_o fresh_a water_n well_o store_v with_o fish_n and_o it_o can_v be_v prove_v that_o not_o only_a time_n out_o of_o mind_n the_o tenant_n of_o the_o two_o manor_n have_v promiscuous_o fish_v therein_o but_o that_o also_o the_o lord_n of_o both_o manor_n have_v in_o several_a age_n contract_v each_o with_o other_o for_o a_o free_a fish_n without_o leave_n or_o licence_n to_o be_v first_o ask_v or_o obtain_v for_o their_o respective_a tenant_n and_o in_o the_o contract_n no_o exception_n or_o reservation_n be_v make_v of_o the_o fishery_n as_o parcel_n of_o the_o inheritance_n of_o one_o of_o the_o say_a manor_n nor_o any_o word_n create_v a_o tenure_n whereby_o one_o shall_v hold_v of_o the_o other_o nor_o express_v or_o imply_v that_o it_o be_v but_o a_o temporary_a sufferance_n that_o one_o of_o the_o lord_n shall_v share_v for_o a_o time_n in_o the_o profit_n of_o the_o fish_n without_o any_o share_n in_o the_o fee_n or_o inheritance_n of_o it_o and_o this_o by_o the_o free_a donation_n of_o the_o other_o common_o call_v de_fw-fr gratia_n speciali_fw-la or_o for_o a_o valuable_a consideration_n usual_o term_v quid_fw-la pro_fw-la quo_fw-la or_o to_o hold_v by_o some_o small_a acknowledgement_n of_o tenure_n as_o of_o a_o pâ—pper-corn_n yearly_o but_o the_o contract_n