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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A23454	The commentaries of Don Lewes de Auela, and Suníga, great master of Aranter which treateth of the great vvars in Germany made by Charles the fifth Maximo Emperoure of Rome, King of Spain, against Iohn Frederike Duke of Saxon, and Philip the Lantgraue of Hesson with other gret princes and cities of the Lutherans, wherein you may see how god hath preserued this vvorthie and victorious emperor, in al his affayres against his enemyes Tra[n]slated out of Spanish into English.; Commentario del ilustre Señor Don Luis de Avila y Cuñiga. English	Avila y Çuñiga, Luis de, 1500-1564.; Wilkinson, John, servant to the Earl of Derby.; Zúñiga, Francesillo de, 16th cent. Crónica. aut	1555 (1555)	STC 987; ESTC S100247	81,404	316

mightye and most gracious Emperoure I am youre prisoner To this the Emperoure answered Now ye call me Emperoure thys is an o her name then ye haue geuē me in tymes past And this he sayd for when the duke of Saxon and Launtgraue did leade the campe of the league they dyd wryte hym in theyr letters but Charles of Gaunt therfore our Almayns whē they heare of this they saye lette Charles of Gaunte alone for he wyll shewe hymselfe to bee an Emperour Therefore the Emperoure aunswered hym so And after he said that his deseruing had brought hym to this To these woordes the Duke of Saxon made no aunswer but hurcled vp his shoulders and hanged down his head with a coūtenaunce like woorthye to bee blamed As a barbarous braggyng proude manne as he hath been Yet the Duke spake agayne beseching hym that he myghte bee entreated as his prisoner To whome the Emperoure aunswered that he shoulde bee entreated as he had deserued And commaunded the Duke of Aluoy to leade hym strongelye to the lodgyng vpon the ryuer whyche was gotten the same daye at the takyng of the forde The ioye of this victorye was generall for the wealth that is come thereby is euerye daye knowne more and more The Duke Morres that daye goyng in chace one of the enemyes hadde charged a hackebutte behynde hym readye to fyre but he was cu●te in peces and his horse with them whiche were there about the Duke ¶ There was slayne of the footemenne of the enemyes two thousande and manye hurte and beeyng lefte there dyuerse wente awaye and saued themselues in the nyght folowyng The next daye were taken .viii. C. footemenne and of horsemen were slayn v. C. and a great noumber takē but emongest our Almayns the nacion being al one there were many cōuaid but those which came to knowledge were so many that the Hungarians light horsmenne and other menne of armes had taken there came not to Viertemburge of fotemen and horsemen fowre hundred There wer takē .xv. peces of artilerye two long Coluerins and .iiii. demye Coluerins .iiii. demye Cannons .v. Fawcenettes great plētie of municion The next day was taken other .vi. peces there was taken all their carriage where oure horsemen did find great aboundāce of good stuffe money Also there were taken .xvii. banners of fotemē and .ix. standerdes of horsemen and the Geaton of the Duke of Saxon was taken the Duke Hernest of Branzwique was taken ▪ He in the warre paste whiche had the settyng foorth and leadyng of al the skirmishes the eldest sonne of the duke of Saxon was hurte in the hand and he kylled hym that hurte hym and after he fledde to Viertemberge manye of the principalles were taken that daie of ours there dyed ●l horsemenne and other whiche died afterward of theyr woundes This battayle was the fowre and twenty daye of Aprill M. O xlvii vpon Saincte Markes euen twelue dayes after that the Emperoure parted from Egner it beganne vpon the riuer of Albeis aboute .xi. of the clocke and was ended at seuen of the clocke at after noone from the geattyng of the forde he was folowed as it is sayde euer fyghtyng vntyll he was taken His footemenne and horsemenne broken with suche courage and good industrye that it may bee sayde by hym ille sapit solus voli●ant alu velut vmbrae ❧ This greate victorye the Emperoure dyd attrybute vnto God as a thyng geuen by his hand and therefore he sayde these three woordes of Ceasar chaunging the thyrde as a moste Christen prince oughte for to doe knoweledging the goodnesse of God Veni vidi vici ¶ The moderacion of the Emperoure appeared vnto all menne in the vsyng of the duke of Saxon one other Conquerour might haue been that yf he hadde so offended coulde not haue tempered his Ire as the Emperoure dyd whiche is a greatter difficultie sometyme then to vanquishe the enemie Now being late the Emperour returned vnto his lodgyng at a leuen of the clocke in the nyght The nexte daye artillery municions harnes weapons with y e sixe peces wer brought together and the light horsemenne Hungarians brought in yet a great noumber of prisoners for three leagues beefore the chase they hadde folowed the victorie The Duke of Saxon was deliuered by the Duke of Aluoy to Alonso Biuas maister of the campe of the Hispaniardes of the kingdome of Naples and also with hym duke Harnest of Brāzwique which was taken by a Duchemanne borne vnder the king of Romaynes and seruaunt to duke Morres ❧ In this place the Emperor abode ii dayes At this tyme Troga did surrender and the Emperor with al his armye intended to goe against Uiertēberge the head of the estate of the Duke of Saxon principall towne of those of the eleccion and so he kepte it moste importunate and fortifyed it continually for the space of xxv yeres past with a great number of artilerye The waye lyeth by Troga where standeth a Castell one of the moste fayrest that is in Almayn In the which place duke Ihō did take most ordinarilye his solace and pastyme and there it was knowen by the prisoners that thei looked for Thumserne with his mē y t he had brought oute of Boeme wyth .xx. banners which they of that kingdome had sēt him and a nomber of horsmen with them but the quicke spede of y e Emperor hath cut away al their leages succour and aides from him ¶ The Emperor passed y e riuer of A●bes benethe halfe one league from Uiertemburge by a brydge made of hys barkes and of those whyche he had taken from the enemies I thinke it is a thing worthye to be had in remembrance this that hath bene sene and knowen of thys riuer At that time that y e Emperor pa●ed by forthe althoughe it was depe yet the day after it coulde not be passed in ani p●a●e without swimming Here it semeth that God maketh thinges light to them which go in his seruice Other two thinges I wyl write because I haue seene thē One is y t in the passage of the footemen of Spaine an Eagle came soryng ouer them a greate space In the meane time a Wolfe came running out of the wood and was kylled with the soldiers in the myddest of the playne fyeldes thys was a thing ꝑmitted of God or by chaūce so that it was a great maruell to thē that did beholde it ¶ Thys daye it was a greate heate the Sunne apeared in colour of bloud vnto vs that did beholde it verelye it was not so lowe and as it was thought it shoulde haue bene at y t houre It was a notable syghte and in the opinion of all men to be true so that I dare not saye the contrary it was noted that same daye in Newremberge and in Fraunce as the kyng dothe saye and in Pymount it was seene in the same colour These thinges were so mu he noted spoken that I haue thought good to write The Emperour

owne hande how he would agree enter which wer the very same that the Emperoure demaunded Thys conclusion the Emperoure woulde haue concluded in Hale in Saxon standing in the way toward the coūtrey of the Lantgraue the whyche way the Emperour entēded to lead his campe The same daye that hys maiesty came to Hale thether came the Marques Albert of Brandemburge to whom as it is said he had geuen iyberrye wyth hys banners standerdes and artilerye which he had lost because he should lacke nothing that belonged to libertye No rested a great tyme there for one of the things that pleased him most in his warre was that he had recouered this prince whiche came vnto y e Emperour and sayd Lord I thank God and you He said no more I thinke this to be be sufficient ¶ Two daies before the Emperoure parted frō Viertēberge The king of Romaines had taken y e way toward Prage with iii. M. horsmē vj. M. footemen with those which were sent frō the Marques of Ma●enan The Emperor remoued frō Viertēburge to go against y e Lantgraue as against y e roote of al myschief in Germany which was necessari to be plucked vp for letting this growe and to goe parsonallye into Boeme althoughe that kyngdome might be subdued yet neuerthelesse the Launtgraue might stand in case to begyn the warres agayne but y e Lātgraue subdued Boeme should be more lyght to be taken in hande For why that kingdom and al theirs of the rebels in Germanye looked for the sustentacion of y e Lantgraue as in a heade in whom they dyd depende nexte vnto Duke John and therefore the Emperour would that the king should part in hast because the heate of his great victory myght encrease his strēgth so y t this kyngdōe which feared so much y e Emperor might be brought more ●ightli to obedience by force or other wayes ¶ The daye before the partyng of the king the Hūgarians came to kysse the handes of the Emperoure with supplicaciō that it might please him to haue in remēbraunce the succour of Hungary they made an Oracion according to the time of their fortune The Emperour put them in comfort and wryt vnto y e estates of theyr kyngdome that they were worthye to haue hys parson commaunded to be geuen to euery captayne a chaine of golde to the value of 3 .c. crounes a paye to be made to theyr mē the vohych they did take wyth thankes cōsidered it to be a gift of fauour His maiestie gaue to duke Morres y e robes of y e eleccion with y e tounes belongīg to y e same because amōgest greate thinges he would not forgeat the litle he commaunded to be geuē to the soldiers y e which did swim to get the barges garmentes of crymyson after their fashyon and to eueryche one .xxx. crounes wyth the aduauntage of their banners ¶ The Emperor being come vnto Hale in Saxonye which is a great towne standyng in the dyoces of Madeburge although duke John had taken it for his owne His maiestie lodged in the house of the byshop and there determined to put in effect that the which by the intercession of the electors it had pleased the Emperour to consent The condicions general whiche to my remembraunce be these ¶ First that the Lantgraue submit hym selfe into the handes of the Emperour with al his possessions to swere fidelitie to his maiestye to giue the .iiij. principall townes that he hath and for to be cast downe at his commaundement ¶ He dothe geue to the Emperoure .v. C. and. ● M. Florauns of gold with al his artilery which be ij C. peeces catted to deliuer Duke Henrique of Brunzwique whiche he had kept prisoner sence the yeare M. D .xlv. and to restore to y e sayde duke al thinges that he hathe vsurped and to be in the determinacion of the chamber imperiall Thys is the pointe whiche is to hym so muche voorthe that not for to come there●●● he hathe sustayned hys opinious so long vntyll that he hathe sworne fide liue to the Emperour the nobles also be sworn that when the Lantgraue goeth oute of the way they shal take him bryng hym to the Emperoure who nowe pardoneth hym his lyfe and taketh away the Vande imperial whyche was proclaimed against him like wyse remitteth him from perpetual prison Before the commyng of the Launtgraue to Hale there was a great question and bebate betwene the Hispaniardes the Dutchmen it was so farre forth that the Emperour put him self amongst them It was a necessarye remedye for none but only he might suffice howe be it that it was not without peril which might haue chaūced being betwene ij parties so furious which now be ganne to be blynde ¶ At thys time the Emperor dyd geue licence to y e Embassadours of Boeme saying vnto thē in summe y t he wold make intercessiō to y e king and y t if the realme was greued in any thing it should be disgrauated But thys was to be vnderstanded cōming firste into the obedience of their king in doing their duty and if not his maiesti could do no lesse but to take the affaires of his brother as his owne proper This was in s●me hys answer how be it in hys letters they were answered more at large ¶ Now the day is come that the Lātgraue cōmeth to Hale with one hundreth horses he dyd lyght at the lodging of Duke Morres hys sōne in lawe nowe Electour The nexte day at the houre apoynted he came to the pallace accompanyed wyth these two Electours The Emperour was in the haule wyth the ceremonies accustomed in these thinges There were manye lordes and knightes of Almme which came to se that which they thought neuer to haue sene in the Lātgraue but whē he came before the Emperoure he did take of hys bonnet and kneled downe vpon his knees his chauncelour lykewyse the whyche by the name of his lord said these wordes ¶ Right high most mighty victorious prince Emperour and gracious Lord Phillip the Launtgraue of Hessene hathe greuouslye offended your Maiestie beyng in these warres and geuing a cause of iuste indignacion for the enducing of other parsons to fal in the same fault wherfore your maiesty may vse al rigour in y e correcciō of his deseruing He confesseth meekely that he is sorowful with al his hart folowing the offers that he hath offered for to come before your maiestye he yeldeth himselfe vnto your maiestye in al pointes freely at your wyll Hūbly beseching for the loue merci of God y t your maiesty wyl be content to vse of your goodnes clemenci to pardon and forgeat these said offences and to take away the banishmēt imperial which your maiesty hathe so iustly declared against hym parmitting y e he may possesse his lādes gouern his vassailes whych make supplicacion that it may please you to pardon and to receiue them

dispraise the the enemies althoughe the Emperour who hath ouercome them semeth to be greater but to say the truthe sythe I am a wytnes for there was nothing done but I haue bene nere vnto hym frō Newremberge which was the way the Emperour did take for to mete with the king and duke Moreys at y e towne of Egner where by oportunitie of the place it was apoynted for to make the A masse of the warres that the kyng shoulde be there wyth hys horsmen and certayne banners of footemen and bryng wyth hym duke Morres with his nomber for so it was determined the time appointed to be done The king parted frō Tressen a towne belongyng to Duke Morres and to the Duke of Fra●brige leauing the strength of the enemies vpon the ryght hande They entered into Boeme for to come ouer the mountaines wherewith it is al enuironed and to ioyne with the Emperour in Egner but the Boemose made a muster then of their intēcions declaring that the great truste was not in vayne that the Duke of Saxon had in thē the why ▪ he extended so that it was the cause of manye opinions whiche I dooe not wryte because I dooe not know so much of a truth as it requireth to be wrytten ¶ Nowe the Emperour beyng iij. iourneys from Newremberge there came a Gentleman from the kynge of Romaynes wyth knoweledge that sithe that the king duke Morres were entred into Boeme with theyr horsemen and footemen A knight of the countrey had gathered a great nomber to cut down the woodes in dyuers partes to stoppe the passages and the waies by the whyche the kyng was purposed to come to Egner wherefore he must go about thorow the mountaines the castels belōging to the knightes there being with him Wherefore he required a nomber of hackbutters Hyspanyardes for to passe more strongly and for to haue the Lordshyp of the wood The Emperoure prouided for al thinges conuenient albeit that after it was no neede to haue the Hyspaniardes in thys passage for the knightes of the country whyche were come to serue didde so muche that they wer al broken and disparsed Thys knyght of Boeme came not wyth the men whyche he had assembled hys name is Gasper Flucke a principal man in that coūtrey from whō in tyme past the king had taken landes and goodes and notwithout deseruing and sence liberally he gaue them to him again but it seemeth that he hath remembred more the takyng then the geuing thankes for the gyfte for it is euer the fyrst poynt of ingratitude to forgeat benefytes receyued ¶ It is sayd that these knightes whyche mette together for to defende thys passage hadde made a bancket and after caste lottes who shoulde be theyr Captayne Generall They dydde take suche an order that it fell to Gasper Flucke and not for that he was more apte then the other for thys charge but because he was moste in power for to furnyshe wyth men and money or elles it myghte be that they dydde it because that if theyr enterpryse shoulde not haue good successe euerye manne woulde rather see the paryll vppon the head of an other then vppon hys owne But let it be as it was for the most parte of that kyngdome made a ruynous demonstracion against their prince ¶ Now is the king of Romaines passed by the Castels aforsayde the Emperoure was commyng three leagues from Egner the which is a citye of the kyngdome of Boeme standing vpon the borders of Saxoni but it is out of the mountaines for Boemeis cōpassed about wyth great thicke woods but towarde the parte of Morabia it is more plaine for on all other partes it seemeth that nature hath fortyfyed it for the thickenes of the woods the marrises which be in them maketh the passages in the enteryng maruelous di●●i●il how be it the lande which lyeth compassed aboute wyth these woods is playne and fertyll ful of castels and cities The people thereof be naturally valiant and of good disposicion Their horsmen in armes be like to the Almaines the footemen dyffer for they keepe not lyke order to the Almaines nor thei vse not like weapon for one beareth a halberd an other a Jauelin other staues of one faddame and a halfe of length with great pykes of iron other beare shorte handgōnes wyth brode hatchettes with y e whych they cast .xx. paces very hādsomli These Boemose haue beene in tyme paste soldiers of great estimaciō but now not so much in reputaciō The most part of Saxoni bordereth vpō Boeme from Egner keping the mountaynes of Boeme vpon the ryghte hand vntil it passe the Albes which is a ryuer of Boeme and entereth into Saxony nere vnto y e citye Laitemers This I haue thought good to be wrytten for the better vnderstanding of other thinges past ¶ The Emperour nowe being at Egner thither came the king his brother duke Morres the Marques John of Brandenburge sōne to the Electour for now hys father had taken an order wyth the kyng for to serue the Emperour so sent his sonne for to serue in this warre The nomber of the horsmen wyth y e king myght be .viij. c ▪ Duke Morres brought one M. the Marques John .iiij. c. as well apointed More ouer the king brought .ix. C. hungarians whyche to my iudgement be the best light horsmen in the world and so they shewed thē selues to be in the warres of Saxoni the .xlvi. nowe this the .xlvij. Their weapōs be long speares stiffe great where wyth they geue greate incounters They beare Targettes or Tabbelines which beneathe be large vnto the middest and frō the middest vpward they be made sharpenīg with a point aboue theyr heades Some weare shirtes of Maile but in their Targets they put paint poyses deuises after their fashions whiche do besome thē very wel Thei beare long stiffe arming swordes hand hāmers called Martlets with long ●●eles with y e which they helpe them selues hādsomely They shew themselues great frendes to y e Hispaniardes for as thei say the one and the other came of the Scithians These were the horsmē which came with y e king footemē he brought none for he had left .iiij. baners in Tressen and the rest in the entryng into Boeme went home to theyr houses He had but one baner whyche tarryed wyth him thys he sent to Egner Duke Morres put al his footemen in Lips●a and Subisa The Duke of Saxon beyng thereby with .viij. M. Outchemē good soldiers and a great nōber of foremē which he had made in the coūtry 3 M. horsemē armed wel chosen for y e other .xij. baners the rest of his horsmē wer with Thumserne as it is sayde and deuided in diuers partes ¶ The Emperour came to Egner a citie christened which is no litle maruel standing so nere Boeme and Saxō for why in the one there be but fewe christened men and in the other there be none