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A30860 The late travels of S. Giacomo Baratti, an Italian gentleman, into the remote countries of the Abissins, or of Ethiopia interior wherein you shall find an exact account of the laws, government, religion, discipline, customs, &c. of the Christian people that do inhabit there with many observations which some may improve to the advantage and increase of Trade with them : together with a confirmation of this relation drawn from the writings of Damianus de Goes and Jo. Scaliger, who agree with the author in many particulars / translated by G.D. Baratti, Giacomo.; G. D.; Góis, Damião de, 1502-1574.; Scaliger, Joseph Juste, 1540-1609. 1670 (1670) Wing B677; ESTC R11736 63,785 282

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honour walks Women are rarely seen amongst the men at Court they have a private place unto which none is admitted but the Abuna and some of the most Religious Persons They have Eunuchs that wait upon them usually Blacks they appear at the Churches but in a place separated from the rest Sometimes when the Emperour will shew his Grandeur and happiness to his Courtiers he sends for his Chief Queen who must appear in all the State and Glory that her Industry or Beauty can produce she is received by the Emperour with some expressions of kindness and then she is admitted to sit down on his right hand for the left is the place of honour in Abassia Once every year he hath a great Feast kept at Court with wonderful expressions of joy it is the day of the Emperours Birth It is the custom that the Neguz should give entertainment to all that will be pleased to accept of his kindness he is the next day after requited with Presents of the most considerable Persons of his Court. This Imperial Court is never fixed in any one place but Marches with the Emperour about 6000 Tents do always pitch about him in such an excellent order that in a moment from the farthermost tent one may come to that of the great Neguz where a strong guard watches about his Person day and night The Souldiers of the Kings guard are very neatly attired and well furnished with Bows and Guns they are mixed at present since the use of Powder was introduced amongst them by the Portugueses Of the Government THe Emperour hath several great Kingdoms that acknowledge his jurisdiction and seven or eight crowned heads that are under him His name is Giam Belul that is Precious Giam Or John a name of the same signification as Illustrious Serenus Excellent c. Titles that we give to our Princes When he writes this is his stile In the name of God the Father Almighty Creator of Heaven and Earth of things visible and invisible in the name of God the Son Jesus Christ who is the same with the Father from the beginning of the world Light of Light true God of true God and in the name of God the Holy Spirit who is also a living God proceeding from the Father This Letter you shall receive from a mighty King whose name the Lions do respect by the grace of God I am call'd Athani Tinghib that is the Incense of the Virgin the son of K. David the son of Solomon the Son of the King by the hand of Mary the Son of Naw according to the flesh the son of S. Peter S. Paul according to grace the beloved of God the Pillar of the Faith who hath taken upon him the name of Abraham Emperour of the Great and upper Ethiopia and of large Kingdoms and dominions King of Xoa of the Cafates of Fatigar of Angote of Baru of Baliganze of Adea of Vangue of Goiame where is Nilus source of Damaraa of Vaguemedri of Ambea of Vagne of Tigremahon of Sabaym the Country of the Queen of Saba of Bamagaes and Supream Lord as far as Nubia that confines upon Egypt c. Many Titles and Kingdoms are heapt together to express his Grandeur at present he enjoys but the Titles alone of many of those Kingdoms whiles others do eat up the reversion eleven or twelve of them do remain faithful to him sometimes the Inhabitants are disturbed by their war-like Neighbours but they could never be subdued by any other Prince for his sake they endure the loss of their Goods Estates Children and oft times they are driven into extream Poverty because they cannot leave their lawful Prince but they must also renounce Religion with him before they can be accepted of by their enemies This consideration ties them fast to the Neguz interest and obliges them to be most faithful unto him notwithstanding all their losses The Government of this Great Prince is partly Arbitrary and partly Subject to the written Laws that are contained in two Volums written as they say by the Apostles themselves The first they call Manida the other they name Abethilis they comprehend the Rules of Government relating to right or wrong they further observe much of the politick Law of Moses which he commanded the Jews In those other occasions of which these Books are silent the Emperours or the Judges pleasure and reason passeth for a Law The first Books called Manida and Abethil are full of most excellent Rules and Statutes Some wise man of that Empire composed them for to direct the Prince in the execution of his Office and that they might receive more credit he caused it to be bruited abroad that these books had been found in the ruines of the Church where St. Lycanon who was sent into Ethiopia by St. Philip the Apostle did teach and that they had been composed by the Disciples of our Saviour assembled together in a general Councel Assoon as this religious lye had been divulged every one was desirous to see and hear the Contents of this Book when they saw therefore that the matter was answerable to the fame of it they began really to credit it so that they do as religiously obey the commands of these Books as the Gospels and the word of God When the Emperour dines or sups some small portion of it is read before him after the Musick which in this country is very pleasant and grateful to the ear more than in any other place out of Italy although the instruments upon which they play be not like ours The Emperour hath one Judge called Bikir over all his dominions to judge of matters of right or wrong under him are the Sudh●drie's provincial Judges that are to give up an account of their actions to him they are often removed at the least complaint and others placed in their rooms It is a great disgrace to receive a bribe they all do follow the dictates of reason in pronouncing their sentences in proportioning the penalties according to the nature and hainousness of the offences These Judges have only a power over the people the Clergy and Monks have other Officers and Superintendants that do judge of their matters Besides these inferiour Judges every other year the grand Marshal or Supream Bikir sends men into several Provinces to hearken after the behaviour and examine the deportment of the Judges If any be found guilty of any crime he is severely punished and shamefully thrust out of his Office with a mark of Infamy that renders him incapable of having any publick employment in this Country Such seldom remain there long for the shame and obloquy of the people forces them to be gone and seek other habitations in a remote Country The Bikir hath also his Lieutenants like unto our Colonels disposed of in all the dominions of grand Neguz each Lieutenant gives him account of all the men he is able to provide for the service of the Prince in case of necessity
but their daily labour Were our Fryers our Franciscans Mendicants and the other Orders of Religious men of this disposition in his Holiness dominions the people would honour and respect them and they would gain much credit to the Roman Church by such practises and to themselves These Fyers that are thus retired out of the great concourse of the towns and people are of several fraternities some are called the Moncks of St. Anthony these are the most numerous Their founder was an Anachoret of Egypt that spent his latter days in the desart places in tilling and dressing the ground He drew unto him such numbers of people that were weary with the toil and troubles of the great world that he saw many thousands imitate his example before he dyed The other fraternities are those of St. Paul of St. Maconius whose employment is the same with the Monks of St. Anthony they differ only in their names In every Covent they elect every year a Superintendant whom they call Loucana he is to keep good orders and to answer all the miscarriages that are committed by the Society if he allows of them These blessed places are to pay no Revenue to the Emperour but of their prayers All other Lands are at his disposal by the Statutes of the Empire he is the Lord of them but these that belong to the Fryers are none of his and free from all impositions So are all the other Lands and places that belong to the Clergy for we may take notice that the tythes of all things belonging to the Emperor the Clergy and those that attend in the worship of God have a maintenance appointed unto them out of certain Lands and territories which they must see manured as well as the rest of the people do theirs for they receive little or no benevolence from the Country they depend not upon them for their maintenance so that by that means they are highly honoured of all men and beloved because they rather give to them than take from them and although they are well rewarded for their pains from the Lands allotted to them their good Offices look as favours and kindnesses done to the people because nothing proceeds from their labours or Estates to reward the Priests instructions and Attendance The Churches are separated into three distinct places or rooms according to the manner of the Jews At the entrance of the Temple about six paces there is a Curtain drawn that makes the first separation every body may go into the Church but none but those that have been sanctified by the Abuna have liberty to go into that place and pass the first Curtain This was wisely enacted to oblige all the Nobility and Persons of Quality to receive that benefit from the High-Priest and by tha● means to endear him unto them Next to this place before the Altar-table is drawn another Curtain beyond which none hath liberty to pass but the Priests themselves when the Communion is administred These curtains are drawn but the people keep themselves in their several distinct places until the time of the Communion The Churches are very neatly adorned with Pictures which these people do not worship but only as Ornaments to their Religious Houses they place them there The Churches are built of Lime and Stone which they use not in their common buildings for they think it decent that the places set apart for the Service of God should have no common materials None therefore but some select houses of the Emperour are built in this manner and with the same substance When the Priest hath lost his Wife by death he may not marry again unless he wil lose the power of executing his function yet the Patriarch may give a License to marry again but without that License it is altogether unlawful They bury their dead with the greatest ceremony imaginable they cloath them in all their most gaudy attire and carry them in a Chair with their faces and hands uncovered if the dead hath been a Souldier he hath the honour to go armed into the grave before march the Priest and the Religious men saying some good sentences advising the people to prepare to depart then comes the Corps seated in his Chair of State trimed with Garlands and Flowers and with some white Feathers if he be young with yellow if he be of a middle age and with black if he be old The sight is so pleasant that it would almost give every one a mind to be in the room of the dead the Parents follow with a badge of mourning upon their heads a handful of ashes the next come their friends and acquaintance thus they proceed to the Grave in order where the first ch of the Gospel of S. John is read the noble Actions vertues of the dead are rehearsed all hearing with much devotion then the Priest as they put the body in the Grave pronounceth these words Dust thou art and to dust thou shalt return The next day they give alms and send gifts to their friends in the name of the deceased and bring upon his Grave a banquet according to the Quality of the Persons And every day for a moneth they continue to visit the Sepulchre of the dead and to offer up some prayers for him to Almighty God for they imagine something of purgatory and of the unsealed estate of the Soul immediately after its departure out of this life which obliges them to intreat for them that they may enter into the joys of the blessed THE DESCRIPTION OF THE Several Kingdoms Subject TO THE NEGUZ Of Barnagasso THis Kingdom is as fruitful as it is large and populous It is limited on the South by a pleasant River called Abagni that discharges it self into Nilus on the West it hath an Island called by the Inhabitants Souhador by our people Gueyter● which Island the River Nilus formeth as it runs through Ethiopia towards Egypt on the North is the Kingdom of Dafila and on the East the Red Sea where there is a very convenient Port for Ships now possessed by the Turks and Moors called Erc●cc● This Kingdom is full of little towns the most considerable places are Finash Carne Timei Bara Barvo there is over it a Lord or a King that commands in chief and hath it by inheritance he that is there now is called Ishmael he pays tribute both to the Turks and to the Neguz the Country abounds in Silk Cloath of Silver that is made by the Inhabitants and in Cottons It is fruitful of Dates Pomgranates Peaches Apricocks Corn of all sorts especially Oats the people make of it a drink very pleasant Here are also many Vineyards the Wine they make by stealth as in other places of the dominions of the Neguz The Country is for the most part Champaign unless it be towards the Red sea there a ridge of hills stretches it self all along the Coast and encloseth many lakes and pools of water enriched with excellent fish that which is