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new_a direction_n of_o experience_n to_o the_o commons_z complaint_n by_o the_o encouragement_n of_o the_o king_n most_o excellent_a majesty_n as_o may_v appear_v for_o the_o plant_n of_o timber_n and_o firewood_n with_o a_o near_a estimation_n what_o million_o of_o acre_n the_o kingdom_n do_v contain_v what_o acre_n be_v waste_v ground_n whereon_o little_a profit_n for_o this_o purpose_n will_v arise_v what_o million_o have_v be_v wood_n and_o bushy_n ground_n what_o acre_n be_v wood_n and_o in_o how_o many_o acre_n so_o much_o timber_n will_v be_v contain_v as_o will_v maintain_v the_o kingdom_n for_o all_o use_n for_o ever_o and_o how_o as_o great_a store_n of_o firewood_n may_v be_v raise_v as_o may_v plentiful_o maintain_v the_o kingdom_n for_o all_o purpose_n without_o loss_n of_o ground_n so_o as_o within_o thirty_o year_n all_o spring-wood_n may_v be_v convert_v to_o tillage_n and_o pasture_n invent_v by_o arthur_n standish_n anno_fw-la domini_fw-la mdcxiii_o i_o r_o honi_fw-fr soit_fw-fr qvi_fw-fr mal_fw-fr y_fw-fr pense_fw-fr by_o the_o king_n to_o all_o nobleman_n gentleman_n and_o other_o our_o love_a subject_n to_o who_o it_o may_v appertain_v whereas_o arthur_n standish_n gentleman_n have_v take_v much_o pain_n and_o be_v at_o great_a charge_n in_o compose_v and_o publish_v in_o a_o book_n some_o project_n for_o the_o increase_n of_o wood_n the_o decay_n whereof_o in_o this_o realm_n be_v universal_o complain_v of_o and_o therefore_o we_o will_v be_v glad_a that_o any_o invention_n may_v further_o the_o restore_n thereof_o we_o have_v therefore_o be_v please_v to_o give_v allowance_n to_o this_o book_n and_o to_o the_o print_n thereof_o and_o if_o the_o same_o shall_v be_v willing_o receive_v of_o the_o gentleman_n and_o other_o of_o ability_n who_o have_v ground_n fit_v for_o his_o project_n it_o shall_v much_o content_v we_o doubt_v not_o but_o that_o such_o as_o shall_v think_v good_a to_o make_v use_n of_o the_o book_n will_v deal_v worthy_o with_o 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the_o kingdom_n do_v afford_v for_o ever_o so_o far_o from_o the_o loss_n or_o hurt_n to_o land_n as_o it_o may_v rather_o great_o better_a and_o improve_v it_o first_o it_o be_v general_o decree_v by_o all_o surveyor_n that_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n contain_v nine_o and_o twenty_o million_o five_o hundred_o sixty_o eight_o thousand_o acre_n or_o near_o thereabouts_o whereof_o it_o be_v suppose_v that_o there_o be_v four_o million_o and_o all_o the_o odd_a thousand_o waste_n that_o yield_v little_a or_o no_o profit_n at_o all_o and_o that_o there_o have_v be_v within_o a_o hundred_o year_n last_o pass_v four_o million_o of_o wood_n and_o bushy_a ground_n that_o yield_v little_a profit_n but_o wood_n and_o bush_n over_o and_o above_o park_n forest_n and_o chase_n forth_o of_o which_o twenty_o nine_o million_o and_o the_o odd_a thousand_o the_o waste_v be_v deduct_v which_o in_o effect_n be_v five_o million_o the_o remainder_n be_v five_o and_o twenty_o million_o whereon_o wood_n have_v do_v or_o will_v grow_v if_o it_o be_v plant_v and_o preserve_v first_o for_o this_o purpose_n take_v forth_o of_o every_o thousand_o acre_n forty_o four_o acre_n enclose_v and_o plant_v the_o same_o according_a to_o the_o direction_n follow_v wheresoever_o it_o lie_v plant_v four_o acre_n of_o every_o forty_o four_o in_o row_n so_o as_o there_o may_v be_v contain_v in_o a_o hundred_o thousand_o acre_n so_o much_o timber_n as_o will_v plentiful_o serve_v the_o kingdom_n for_o all_o use_n every_o tree_n to_o be_v ten_o yard_n distant_a one_o from_o a_o other_o one_o way_n and_o three_o the_o other_o which_o can_v be_v no_o loss_n to_o such_o as_o shall_v plant_v neither_o for_o their_o own_o use_n nor_o for_o such_o as_o want_v ground_n to_o plant_v on_o in_o respect_n that_o such_o as_o want_v must_v be_v constrain_v to_o buy_v of_o such_o as_o have_v to_o sell_v which_o be_v so_o far_o from_o the_o loss_n of_o any_o as_o it_o will_v be_v for_o their_o great_a profit_n for_o after_o twenty_o year_n the_o forty_o acre_n will_v yield_v much_o more_o profit_n either_o in_o corn_n or_o grass_n then_o the_o four_o and_o forty_o do_v before_o over_o and_o above_o the_o benefit_n of_o the_o timber_n and_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n little_a or_o no_o loss_n the_o like_a plant_n for_o firewood_n may_v be_v make_v in_o row_n as_o shall_v appear_v but_o it_o be_v altogether_o needless_a for_o the_o very_a hedge_n be_v plant_v and_o make_v as_o after_o follow_v will_v yield_v firewood_n plentiful_o for_o all_o use_n as_o by_o experience_n shall_v appear_v so_o as_o within_o thirty_o year_n it_o may_v be_v more_o than_o needful_a to_o have_v any_o copy_n or_o spring-wood_n at_o all_o but_o that_o all_o wood-land_n may_v be_v convert_v to_o tillage_n or_o pasture_n to_o the_o particular_a good_a of_o the_o owner_n and_o common_a wealth_n further_o show_v in_o particular_a what_o public_a good_a may_v arise_v thereby_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n it_o be_v very_o convenient_a that_o the_o stocking_n up_o of_o wood_n be_v prevent_v except_o they_o be_v stock_v up_o into_o row_n for_o it_o be_v general_o conceive_v that_o within_o a_o very_a few_o year_n there_o will_v be_v little_a or_o no_o wood_n leave_v for_o any_o use_n the_o stocking_n &_o stub_n be_v so_o great_a notwithstanding_o the_o law_n provide_v by_o the_o worthy_a king_n of_o famous_a memory_n henry_n the_o eight_o for_o the_o preserve_n of_o wood_n which_o law_n have_v be_v from_o time_n to_o time_n continue_v and_o be_v still_o in_o force_n and_o have_v be_v most_o earnest_o call_v upon_o by_o the_o king_n majesty_n ever_o since_o his_o come_n to_o this_o kingdom_n especial_o at_o every_o high_a court_n of_o parliament_n where_o he_o have_v not_o only_o require_v the_o continuance_n thereof_o but_o also_o most_o earnest_o give_v
or_o whin_n as_o some_o term_v they_o or_o in_o hollinbush_n and_o therein_o to_o set_v 3._o of_o the_o mast_n of_o oak_n chessenut_n beech_n key_n of_o ash_n the_o root_n or_o chip_n of_o elm_n or_o rather_o root_n or_o sykamore_n seed_n which_o will_v grow_v as_o fast_o as_o any_o other_o wood_n the_o body_n good_a for_o little_a but_o for_o to_o make_v trencher_n or_o drinking-cup_n and_o for_o those_o use_n better_a than_o any_o other_o wood_n grow_v in_o this_o kingdom_n as_o before_o be_v set_v down_o any_o of_o these_o according_a to_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o soil_n wherein_o these_o be_v to_o be_v plant_v out_o of_o which_o three_z it_o be_v not_o to_o be_v doubt_v but_o one_o of_o they_o at_o the_o least_o will_v grow_v and_o prosper_v the_o bush_n be_v preserve_v about_o they_o till_o the_o plant_n be_v past_o take_v hurt_v by_o cattle_n this_o may_v be_v perform_v with_o a_o small_a charge_n for_o a_o man_n may_v set_v a_o hundred_o in_o a_o day_n at_o the_o least_o by_o experience_n i_o speak_v it_o which_o can_v not_o cost_v above_o twelve_o penny_n a_o thousand_o for_o ten_o shilling_n many_o there_o be_v that_o like_a well_o of_o this_o plant_n of_o wood_n and_o many_o do_v observe_v it_o that_o before_o be_v desirous_a to_o raise_v wood_n by_o take_v up_o of_o young_a tree_n where_o they_o do_v grow_v and_o prosper_v which_o be_v weary_a of_o that_o kind_n of_o plant_v by_o reason_n that_o for_o the_o most_o part_n half_a of_o they_o do_v not_o grow_v which_o move_v many_o to_o observe_v these_o direction_n and_o some_o there_o be_v that_o say_v they_o like_o these_o direction_n well_o but_o say_v they_o it_o be_v against_o the_o nature_n of_o this_o age_n to_o tarry_v so_o long_o for_o profit_n to_o which_o i_o answer_v that_o if_o the_o ancestor_n of_o nobleman_n gentleman_n and_o other_o have_v have_v so_o little_a respect_n to_o their_o posterity_n as_o we_o have_v in_o this_o age_n there_o be_v some_o nobleman_n and_o many_o other_o that_o will_v have_v be_v constrain_v to_o have_v sell_v a_o great_a part_n of_o the_o land_n their_o ancestor_n leave_v they_o to_o supply_v the_o want_n which_o they_o have_v supply_v by_o their_o wood_n and_o it_o will_v fall_v so_o out_o ere_o it_o be_v long_o that_o such_o must_v sell_v land_n for_o wood_n their_o ancestor_n will_v leave_v they_o none_o to_o sell_v and_o to_o content_v such_o and_o all_o other_o i_o have_v add_v by_o experience_n direction_n for_o this_o present_a age_n as_o follow_v towards_o the_o latter_a end_n of_o this_o book_n for_o the_o plant_n of_o firewood_n about_o park_n how_o all_o park_n may_v be_v fence_v by_o firewood_n so_o as_o after_o ten_o or_o twelve_o year_n it_o will_v be_v strong_a than_o any_o pale_a and_o after_o forty_o year_n strong_a than_o any_o wall_n and_o long_o last_v by_o many_o degree_n and_o be_v once_o make_v never_o to_o be_v make_v again_o with_o the_o charge_n and_o profit_n that_o may_v arise_v thereby_o say_v for_o this_o purpose_n that_o there_o be_v a_o park_n to_o be_v fence_v of_o four_o mile_n pale-walke_a which_o mile_n contain_v in_o length_n thirty_o two_o furlong_n of_o statute-measure_n every_o furlong_n contain_v forty_o pole_n every_o pole_n five_o yard_n and_o a_o half_a admit_v there_o be_v no_o ditch_n at_o all_o about_o the_o pale_a nor_o wood_n as_o common_o there_o be_v and_o that_o all_o be_v to_o be_v ditch_v and_o fence_v anew_o with_o a_o ditch_n of_o five_o foot_n wide_a at_o the_o top_n a_o foot_n and_o a_o half_a broad_a in_o the_o bottom_n and_o three_o foot_n deep_a and_o that_o this_o ditch_n with_o the_o get_n and_o set_v of_o the_o mean_n aforesaid_a for_o the_o plant_n of_o timber_n shall_v cost_v twelve_o penny_n a_o pole_n the_o total_a of_o the_o charge_n three_o score_n and_o three_o pound_n at_o the_o most_o for_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o much_o of_o this_o may_v be_v save_v for_o in_o many_o place_n the_o ditch_n can_v be_v so_o chargeable_a for_o about_o many_o park_n in_o some_o place_n there_o need_v no_o ditch_n at_o all_o and_o in_o some_o place_n a_o less_o ditch_n will_v serve_v neither_o can_v the_o hedge_v be_v chargeable_a in_o two_o respect_n the_o one_o by_o reason_n that_o about_o many_o park_n there_o be_v many_o thorn_n grow_v which_o be_v fell_v to_o make_v the_o fence_n once_o will_v afterward_o so_o grow_v up_o as_o they_o will_v defend_v the_o wood_n so_o set_v without_o any_o further_a charge_n and_o about_o many_o park_n there_o be_v as_o much_o wood_n grow_v as_o will_v defray_v the_o charge_n so_o as_o to_o some_o the_o effect_n of_o this_o business_n will_v be_v little_a or_o no_o charge_n at_o all_o the_o earth_n of_o this_o new_a ditch_n must_v be_v cast_v to_o the_o pale-ward_n so_o as_o the_o bank_n may_v be_v a_o yard_n broad_a on_o the_o top_n fence_v there_o need_v none_o but_o long_a bush_n so_o put_v between_o the_o pale_n above_o the_o rail_n as_o they_o may_v reach_v and_o hang_v over_o the_o bank_n into_o the_o ditch_n this_o be_v do_v for_o such_o soil_v as_o by_o experience_n maste_n and_o seeds_n will_v best_o like_v of_o as_o may_v best_o appear_v by_o the_o wood_n thereon_o grow_v the_o mast_n will_v be_v gather_v as_o it_o fall_v from_o the_o tree_n and_o not_o beat_v down_o before_o it_o be_v ripe_a the_o ash_n key_n may_v be_v gather_v about_o alhollontide_n be_v thus_o get_v and_o gather_v in_o they_o will_v be_v keep_v neither_o too_o wet_a nor_o too_o dry_a till_o they_o be_v set_v according_a to_o the_o direction_n follow_v the_o root_n of_o elm_n be_v to_o be_v get_v by_o bearing_n old_a elm_n at_o the_o root_n between_o alhollontide_n and_o candlemas_n when_o the_o sap_n of_o tree_n be_v in_o the_o root_n from_o whence_o there_o may_v be_v take_v without_o hurt_n to_o the_o elm_n many_o young_a root_n of_o the_o bigness_n of_o a_o little_a finger_n and_o a_o foot_n long_o and_o as_o of_o elm_n so_o of_o wiche_n be_v a_o wood_n as_o apt_a to_o grow_v speedy_o as_o any_o other_o which_o be_v to_o be_v cut_v from_o the_o old_a root_n these_o young_a root_n will_v be_v set_v as_o a_o foot-set_a of_o thorn_n within_o a_o foot_n of_o the_o pale_a so_o as_o the_o thorn_n may_v hang_v over_o they_o set_v in_o the_o ground_n and_o one_o inch_n out_o of_o the_o ground_n so_o likewise_o in_o the_o side_n of_o bank_n as_o quicksets_a they_o be_v to_o be_v set_v in_o 2._o row_n 3._o finger_n broad_a between_o the_o row_n and_o so_o set_v as_o they_o may_v not_o stand_v direct_o one_o against_o another_o the_o mast_n and_o seed_n will_v also_o be_v so_o set_v in_o two_o row_n three_o finger_n between_o every_o row_n three_o finger_n deep_a and_o four_o in_o a_o foot_n in_o either_o row_n the_o bough_n of_o elm_n willow_n or_o sallow_a will_v be_v lop_v from_o the_o tree_n between_o mid-march_n and_o the_o midst_n of_o april_n when_o the_o sap_n be_v in_o they_o and_o before_o the_o leave_v put_v forth_o they_o will_v be_v of_o three_o or_o four_o year_n growth_n 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which_o way_n a_o man_n will_v have_v they_o and_o when_o they_o be_v to_o be_v lay_v the_o row_n that_o be_v to_o be_v lay_v will_v be_v shred_v close_o to_o the_o body_n and_o top_v so_o high_a as_o when_o they_o be_v lay_v the_o top_n may_v lie_v seven_o foot_n wide_a from_o the_o root_n and_o so_o high_a as_o a_o beast_n may_v not_o reach_v the_o top_n and_o when_o the_o row_n be_v in_o lay_v if_o they_o grow_v thick_a than_o a_o foot_n asunder_o some_o may_v be_v cut_v up_o for_o binding_n to_o bind_v they_o down_o that_o be_v lay_v
will_v have_v they_o safe_a from_o trespass_v to_o his_o neighbour_n or_o his_o neighbour_n to_o he_o whereby_o much_o corn_n may_v be_v save_v trespass_v prevent_v which_o too_o often_o raise_v envy_n and_o suit_n in_o law_n the_o browse_n of_o the_o wood_n in_o winter_n will_v great_o relieve_v cattle_n and_o save_o fodder_n and_o be_v wood_n that_o will_v yield_v mast_n the_o mast_n will_v be_v very_o beneficial_a to_o the_o particular_a owner_n and_o commonwealth_n direction_n for_o such_o as_o be_v desirous_a to_o stock_n up_o wood_n for_o the_o improove_v of_o the_o soil_n by_o convert_n of_o the_o same_o to_o corn_n meadow_n or_o pasture_n &_o to_o have_v as_o much_o or_o rather_o more_o profit_n by_o the_o wood_n than_o they_o have_v before_o be_v first_o to_o leave_v a_o yard_n in_o breadth_n round_o about_o the_o side_n for_o the_o maintain_n of_o the_o fence_n which_o may_v be_v make_v once_o for_o all_o by_o observe_v the_o aforesaid_a direction_n then_o begin_v at_o a_o side_n next_o to_o the_o wood_n so_o leave_v and_o stock_n up_o all_o the_o wood_n whatsoever_o so_o as_o the_o ground_n may_v be_v plough_v ten_o yard_n in_o breadth_n and_o in_o the_o eleven_o yard_n stock_n up_o all_o but_o fifty_o five_o of_o the_o best_a tree_n which_o tree_n will_v as_o near_o as_o may_v be_v be_v so_o leave_v that_o they_o may_v grow_v four_o yard_n distant_a one_o from_o another_o from_o end_n to_o end_n as_o tree_n plant_v in_o a_o orchard_n and_o so_o stock_n up_o from_o side_n to_o side_n and_o from_o end_n to_o end_n leave_v the_o like_a distance_n so_o as_o there_o may_v be_v ten_o yard_n distance_n one_o way_n and_o four_o a_o other_o from_o tree_n to_o tree_n by_o which_o mean_n in_o every_o two_o row_n there_o may_v be_v leave_v a_o hundred_o and_o ten_o tree_n out_o of_o every_o acre_n how_o great_a or_o little_o soever_o the_o ground_n be_v which_o be_v top_v and_o after_o twelve_o year_n lop_v with_o many_o head_n as_o they_o may_v be_v by_o the_o direction_n already_o set_v down_o or_o rather_o for_o a_o great_a profit_n leave_v unlop_v till_o the_o wood_n be_v of_o twenty_o year_n growth_n the_o profit_n thereof_o by_o the_o greatness_n of_o the_o wood_n and_o the_o bark_n with_o the_o profit_n of_o the_o wood_n that_o may_v arise_v about_o the_o fence_n be_v make_v as_o before_o be_v direct_v will_v far_o exceed_v the_o profit_n of_o the_o under-wood_n grow_v of_o all_o the_o ground_n before_o but_o as_o the_o case_n stand_v and_o as_o be_v more_o like_a to_o stand_v by_o the_o want_n of_o timber_n if_o all_o the_o tree_n be_v leave_v for_o timber_n and_o never_o top_v nor_o lop_v will_v in_o time_n arise_v to_o the_o great_a profit_n especial_o if_o they_o be_v every_o three_o year_n shred_v in_o march_n when_o the_o sap_n be_v rise_v up_o and_o the_o wood_n worth_n the_o shread_n which_o sap_n will_v so_o grow_v as_o it_o will_v cover_v the_o knot_n by_o which_o mean_v the_o tree_n will_v grow_v taper-like_a with_o so_o 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