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A95858 A discourse touching the drayning the great fennes, lying vvithin the severall counties of Lincolne, Northampton, Huntington, Norfolke, Suffolke, Cambridge, and the isle of Ely, as it was presented to his Majestie. By Sir Cornelius Vermuïden Knight. Whereunto is annexed the designe or map. Published by authority. Vermuyden, Cornelius, Sir, 1590-1677. 1642 (1642) Wing V241; Thomason E143_14 17,826 34

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A Discourse touching the DRAYNING THE GREAT FENNES LYING Within the severall COVNTIES of Lincolne Northampton Huntington Norfolke Suffolke Cambridge and the Jsle of Ely as it was presented to his Majestie BY Sir CORNELIVS VERMVÏDEN Knight Whereunto is annexed the Designe or Map Published by Authority LONDON Printed by Thomas Fawcet dwelling in Grubstreet neere the lower Pumpe 1642. A Discourse touching the Drayning of the great Fennes lying within the severall Counties of Lincolne Northampton Huntingdon Norfolke Suffolke Cambridge and the Jsle of Ely c. DIvers persons of Quality heretofore have beene desirous to attempt the Drayning of that great and vast Levell called the Great Fennes but they found not onely the Worke but also the composing of an Agreement very difficult for they could not attaine to so much as to make a Contract for the generall Drayning thereof untill of late yeares King JAMES of blessed memory did undertake by a Law of Sewers that great Worke who for the Honour of this Kingdome as his Majesty told me at that time would not suffer any longer the said Land to bee abandoned to the will of the Waters nor to let it lye wast and unprofitable But his Majesties great occasions and the time would not permit so great and good a resolution but it was deferred so long that at last the late Earle of Bedford by the Law of Sewers made at Lynne did undertake the Drayning of the said great and vast Levell so farre as to make it Summer ground Hereupon the said Earle made choise of divers persons of quality who made a purse and joyned in the performance of this great Enterprise And at the last after the Expence of above One hundred thousand pounds the said Earle did proceed so farre in this Work that it was adjugded to be made Summer ground and the recompence thereupon was set out But now notwithstanding all these great Expences they find by experience that the Lands can yeeld little or no profit being subject to Inundation still though not so familiarly whereby the Adventurers not onely became frustrate of their Expectation but also all the Owners in generall who cannot make that use of their Lands as they might doe if they made Winter grounds and reduced to a certainty His now Majesty taking consideration thereof and fore seeing that these Lands being a continent of about 400000. Acres which being made Winter ground would be an unexpected benefit to the Common-wealth of Six hundred thousand pounds per Annum and upwards and a great and certaine Revenue to all the parties interessed And likewise because the Owners who are very many could not agree to doe so great a Worke the one being willing the other not the one able to contribute the other not hath therefore bin pleased to undertake the making of those Lands Winter ground at his owne charge whereby the said Foure hundred thousand Acres will be made profitable firme and good And for to execute this Enterprize the better his Majesty did cōmand divers Gentlemen expert in those Workes to give their advice how these Lands might recovered in such manner as to make them winter grounds to the end the Worke might be performed according to the contract And amongst others his Majestie was pleased to make me one of that Commission and after a View thereof taken every one of the said Commissioners have returned their report and opinion as is usuall in such case and especially in a matter of such great weight they differ much in their way and so no resolution could be determined at that time but did remaine unresolved yet all of them were of opinion that the Worke was very Feazable When King IAMES of blessed Memory undertooke the Drayning as aforesaid at that time I was come over into England invited to this Worke I tooke severall Viewes thereof went away returned and reviewed the same tooke advice of the Experienced men of the Low-Countries and from time to time did study how to contrive that Worke for the best advantage being at that time in proposition to have undertaken the doing of that said Worke together with my Friends at our owne charge for a proportion of Land And my opinion therein I declared but lately to his Majesty and his Highnesse being well pleased with that way after debate had thereupon was pleased to put the Direction of that Worke upon me and to performe it at his owne Charge and for further Information therein hath commanded to have it set downe in Writing which accordingly hereafter followeth The Scituation of the Great Fennes and the State thereof THe Levell lyeth in sixe Counties viz. Cambridge and the Jsle of Ely Huntington Northampton Lilcolne Norfolke and Suffolke It is of a great and vast extent that for its quantity at is of the Latitude of a whole Shire and bounds on the North-west on the River of Glean on the West and South-east upon the Upland-Countries aforesaid and on the North on Marsh-land and Holland being likewise in the said Levell seperated by Bankes There doe runne through these Fennes eight Rivers which doe come out of divers vast and great Countries which lye about it the said Rivers are called Glean Welland Neane Ouse Grant Milden-hall Brandon and Stoke These Rivers lye common with the Land without seperation by Bankes save onely Glean and Welland are something Imbanked and some Bankes there are in some places on some of the other Rivers but not to that purpose as to save any part of the Lands and for this reason and for want of a sufficient passage for the waters that come by the Rivers all the Lands are over-flowen The said Rivers have three severall Out-falls from the Fennes into the Sea and by these Out-falls the said Rivers and Lands unwater themselves in that manner as now they doe The Levell is broad and of great extent and flat with little or no descent of its owne and growne full of Hassacks Sedge and Reede and the Rivers full of Weeds and the Waters go slowly away from the Lands and out of the Rivers and they come swift into and upon it out of the upland Counties where the Rivers have a great fall The aforesaid three out-falls are of great length before they come to the Sea the Lands of Holland and Marsh-land being great Countries which lie betweene them and doe hinder the speedy Current of the Waters towards the Sea There is much increase on the Sea side and very large and vast Sands all dry at low Water and because of the Poynt of Norfolke it makes it an Imbay whereby the Sands of the Sea are throwne there by the Floods and these three Out-falls come through these Sands and the Tydes every day bring into the mouth of the Rivers a great quantity thereof and there is but a few times sufficient Land-water to set the Sands out againe to keepe the Outfall open insomuch that Welland and Wisbitch Outfals are choaked every Summer But the Outfall of Lynne hath