of Aunis POitou is a large Province containing near Sixty Leagues from East to West De la Croix says about 30 Leagues in Length and 20 in Breadth It is bounded by Berry Limosin and Touraine To the South by Angoumois and Xantoigne by Anjou and Bretaigne to the North and to the West by the Ocean The Poictovins are civil and obliging but they are so addicted to Raillery and nettling girding Sarcasms that you must either forbear keeping 'em Company or else be forc'd to bear their Flouts which being so frequent change their Gay and Sportive Humour into the Vice of Scurrilous Detraction The Capital City of this Province is Poiters seated upon a rising Ground between two Rivers It is famous for being a Bishops See and has a Presidial Court and a University for the Law which Pope Eugenius IV. and Charles VII founded there in 1431. At what time the Parlament of Paris was translated thither because the English were Masters of the Metropolis of the Kingdom Near to Poitiers it was that the Battel so dismall to France was fought in the Year 1356. where the English took K. John Prisoner The City of Poitiers is govern'd by a Mayor Twelve Sheriffs or Aldermen and Twelve Sworn Counsellors The Walls and Castle rose from the Ruins of the Amphitheater and the other Structures are sufficient Proofs of the Antiquity of it Among the Reliques which are there preserv'd there is to be seen in the Cathedral a part of St. Peter's Beard which St. Hilary brought thither from Rome as they say The Statue of Constantine the Great stands in the Church of Nostre Dame In the Church of St. Hilarius is to be seen the Trunk of a Tree which they tell you serv'd that Saint instead of a Cradle and has a peculiar Efficacy to restore Madmen to their Wits There is also a Sepulchre which consumes Dead Bodies in Four twenty Hours but which becomes noisom to the Smell if you rub it with Iron Above half a League from the City is to be seen that which is call'd La Pierre Elevée or the High-rais'd Stone Five and twenty Foot long and Seventeen broad supported by Four other Stones They tell yee that Pantagruel drew this Stone out of a Rock which is call'd Passe-Lourain or the Lobcoch having this Distich engrav'd upon it Hic Lapis ingentem superat gravitate Colossum Ponderis grandi sidera mole premit This Stone the vast Colossus far surpasses And with its ponderous Bulk the Stars oppresses This Stone as I have said already is supported by Four Pillars and there is also a fifth upon which the Stone does not rest though it stand within a fingers breadth of it of which the people of the Country tell this Story That Sir Aldegonde carrying the great Stone upon his Head and the Five Pillars in his Apron let fall one of 'em which the Devil presently taking up follow'd the Saint who stopp'd half a League from Poitiers and set the great Stone upon the Four Pillars that remain'd in his Apron But the Devil being desirous to add a fifth could never raise it so high as to bear with the rest and to be assistant in supporting the Burthen Nor must I pass over in silence a certain Cavern about four Leagues from the City the Entrance into which is very difficult and the Passage more difficult 'T is said that formerly they were wont to go and take a walk in this Cavern after the usual mirth and rejoycing that attends upon Weddings But that a Young Bride having fallen into it and broken her Head they who came after thinking it more convenient to keep their Skulls whole the Custom was abolish'd They who have a desire to Visit the Town-House of Poitiers may see the Franchises and Privileges granted by the Kings of France from time to time to the City Engraven upon Plates of Brass There are also other very fair Cities in Poitou as Lodun the Castle of which is one of the best situated in the Kingdom It was formerly call'd Juliodunum and has a Bailliage and a Presidial Court Next to this Chasteleraut famous for Cutlers and where they make the best false Diamonds in any Part of the World 'T is said that about a small League from this City in former days a young Hind shew'd the Souldiers of Clovis the Great where to pass the River going before 'em as their Guide when they went to fight Alaric K. of the Goths The Bridge which Katherine de Medicis there built is a very fair one as being Sixty six foot broad and Two hundred and thirty long supported by Nine Arches Mailluizay and Luson are two Episcopal Cities which have very fair Churches nor are they without some particular Beauties Nevertheless the First Bishoprick was translated to Rochelle in 1648. The Country of Aunis so call'd as they say because a certain King undertook to Conquer it by an Ell aday though it be but of a small extent yet is very fertile and well peopl'd The City of Rochelle is the Capital City Which though it be not very Ancient became famous in the last Age by reason of the Civil Wars for Religion The first Houses that were erected in this place were built to withstand the Incursions of the Normans that many times Landed in the Harbour By the Treaty of Bretigny it was surrender'd to the English against the Will of the Inhabitants but return'd not long after under the Dominion of France The Hugonets became Masters of it in the last Age. And La Noue who was Governor of it valiantly defended it against the Siege which Charles IX in vain laid to it with his Forces under the Conduct of his Brother Henry afterwards Henry III. who left the Siege to take Possession of the Crown of Poland In the Year 1620. there was a meeting of the Huguenots at Rochel to consult about laying the Foundation of a small Protestant Republick But Lewis XIII reduc'd 'em to their Duty in 1622. But in regard the English and Hollanders encourag'd 'em to revolt and for that the Sea afforded an easie entrance for their succour they soon drew upon 'em the Indignation of their Soveraign at what time in the Year 1627. Cardinal Richelieu having caus'd a Mound or Dam to be raised Seven hundred forty seven Fathom long on purpose to hinder their Communication with the Sea they Surrender'd the 28th of Octob. 1628. The King who was personally at the Siege enter'd into the Town upon All-Saints Day depriv'd the Inhabitants of their Privileges and demolish'd their Fortifications leaving only the two Towers which Charles V. built and which were thought requisite for the defence of the Port which he secur'd with a Chain that reach'd from one Tower to another Since that time the present King has surrounded it with New and Strong Fortifications a good Cittadel and other Works to hinder the Landing of a Forreign Enemy It is now a Town of great Trade whither all the
Some say this Statue was erected in Honour of one of Alexander's Soldiers who had done him many signal Services Others reject this Opinion and tell us that the Word Pasquin is deriv'd from a Taylor who made Cloaths for Persons of Quality in Rome and in regard he was a very great Droll he observ'd their blind sides to make Lampoons upon 'em in his Shop which always gain'd him good Company They add that sometime after his Decease the Paviers digging before his Door found a Statue to which they presently gave the Name of Pasquin and set it up in the next Quarter to his House However it were it was propos'd to one of the Popes that it might be thrown into Tiber to take away all Opportunities of Libelling and Lampoons that were fix'd upon it But the Holy Father made answer that he was afraid it would turn to a Frog that would be croaking Day and Night intimating thereby that instead of stopping the Course of Satyrs the Lampooners would fix 'em upon all the Statues in the City Not far from the Capitol stands another Statue call'd Manforio where generally are hung up the Answers made to the Lampoons which are fix'd upon Pasquin Some say this Statue was erected in honour or Jupiter Panarius others that it is a Statue of the Rhine because that formerly the Emperot Domitian's Brazen Horse set his Foot upon the Head of it There is no City in the World wherein there are more Magnificent Palaces The Learned Mr. Spon in his Travels into the East has given us a Catalogue of 'em which has sav'd me the trouble I shall only say that the Palace of the Farnezi is one of the most sumptuous It has four Fronts with a large Gate belonging to every one that leads into the Court and is surrounded with Pillars forming Portico's that support an open Gallery that leads to every Apartment In this Court stand two Statues of Hercules leaning upon his Club one of which was found in Caracalla's Baths the other is an Imitation of That In the Palace Hall stands the Statue of Alexander Farneze Duke of Parma who tramples under foot two Statues representing Heresie and Rebellion while Fame sets a Crown upon his Head This Piece is so much the more esteem'd because all the four Peices are all of one single Stone of White Marble There are an infinite number of other Lovely Statues and Pictures in the Apartments belonging to this Palace More particularly there is to be seen a Marble Statue in a small Back-Court representing the Figure of a Bull all of one Stone having one of the Horns ty'd with a Woman's Hair while two Men endeavour to throw 'em into the Sea 'T is the History of Amphion and Zethes who in revenge of the injury done their Mother whom Lycus King of Thebes had repudiated upon the Importunity of Dirce ty'd Dirce to the Horns of a Bull and cast 'em both Headlong into the Sea One of the Curiosities of Rome which Strangers always visit is to be found in Prince Ludovisio's Palace that is to say the Body of a Man petrefy'd and laid in a Velvet Box with one Leg broken to convince the Incredulity of the Curious who will not believe that the Skeleton was cover'd with Stone because they say it was a Garment made on purpose This justifies what Ortelius affirms That upon certain Mountains of Tartary there are to be found Men Camels Sheep e. chang'd into Stones for above Three Hundred Years past And Aristotle reports that there is a Cave near Bergamo where are to be seen the Petrify'd Bodys of several Men. When I enumerated the Churches of Rome I forgot to tell ye that in the Church call'd La Bocca di Verita there is a piece of Marble representing a Head with the Mouth open And the Good Women do say that if a Woman Unfaithful to her Husband's Bed lays her Hand upon it the Mouth will shut The Roman Women who have Jealous and Credulous Husbands frequently justifie their Chastity by this means wherein they run far less hazard then they who formerly were constrain'd to walk bare-foot over red hot Coals and Plough-shares This is what I purpos'd to say of the Famous City of Rome wherein though I have omitted many things yet there is sufficient to give an Advantageous Idea of it to those who have never seen it and to breed in others a desire of seeing it CHAP. XII Of the Kingdom of Naples THERE is not any State in Italy of that vast Extent as the Kingdom of Naples Some Italian Authors have call'd it Sicily on this side the Pharos which is the reason that the Kings of Spain have assum'd the Title of Kings of both Sicilies Generally this Kingdom is divided into Twelve Provinces viz. La Terra di Lavore Principato Giteriore Principato Vlteriore Calabria Vlteriore La Terra d' Otranto La Terra di Bari La Capitanata the County of Molisso the hithermost Abruzzo and the furthermost Abruzzo It is reckon'd to contain 24 Archbishopricks 60 Principalities 100 Dukedoms as many Marquisates 66 Earldoms and above 1000 Baronies Which shews us that the Nobility multiplies in that Kingdom more then any where else which is the reason that Naples is call'd Naples the Noble The Air is very wholsome and the Country very fruitful in Corn Wine and all sorts of Fruits This Kingdom has not been free from Revolutions that have turmoyl'd the Repose of Italy upon several Occasions It has been in the Possession of the Romans Goths Lombards Normans Suabians French and Spaniards Which latter Usurp'd it from the French who have an undoubted claim to it as well by the Investiture given by Clement IV. both of that Kingdom as also of Sicily to Charles of France Duke of Anjou and Provence Brother of St. Lewis in 1265. as for that Queen Joan I. by her last Will and Testament dated June 29 1480. adopted Lewis of France I. of that Name Jane II. who possessed the Throne from the Year 1414. till the Year 1434. adopted Rene of France Sirnam'd The Good which acquir'd him a double Right But Ferdinand King of Spain contrary to the Treaty made with Lewis XII King of France sent a Puissant Army into Italy under the leading of the Famous Gonsalvo who drove the French out of Naples and Sicily since which time the Spaniards have been in possession of 'em and keep a Viceroy there who is chang'd every three Years The Kingdom of Naples holds of the Holy See and the King of Spain pays every year to the Pope upon St. Peter's Day a Tribute of a White Nag and a Purse of 7000 Ducats But the Neapolitans do not willingly brook the Spanish Yoak And therefore they have endeavour'd to cast it off several Times But their last Insurrection was in the years 1646. and 1647. tho they fail'd in the success because the Design was ill laid and ' for that the Male-Contents had no body to head em
of the Magnificence of it as for that Hannibal in one Winter Quarter of a year was so soften'd and effeminated with the Pleasures and Delights of that City that he was no longer able to withstand the Romans whom he had so often defeated before Gaeta is another City in the same Province built by Aeneas's Nurse in honor of his Nurse Caieta The Castle belonging to it is considerable for the strength of it and is well provided of all things necessary for the defence of it The Statue of Charles of Bourbon Constable of France is also there to be seen who being in the Service of Charles V. was slain at the Siege of Rome and lies buried at Caieta Upon his Tomb are written the four following Verses in Spanish Francia me clio la leche Espagna suerte y ventura Roma me clio la muerte Y Caieta la Sepultura My Infant Milk I Suckt in France Spain did my Lot and Fame advance Death snatcht me from the Walls of Rome And now Caieta has my Tomb. The Dolphins that appear upon this Coast are very large which gives an occasion to conclude this Chapter with a report of an accident that befell a Seaman of Caieta That a Sea-man having caught one of these Fish preserv'd it alive in a small Pond and tam'd him to that degree that he would often get upon his Back and managing him with his Voice only accustom'd the willing fish proud of his burden to carry him for his Pleasure to and fro upon the wide Sea Some time after it happen'd that the Sea-man embarking for Spain the Fish made his escape to follow the Vessel in which he heard his Masters Voice and it so fell out that the Ship being cast away the faithful Fish distinguish'd his Master from among all the rest that cry'd out for Help and having taken him upon his Back return'd with him to the Port from whence he set out CHAP. XIII Os the Islands and Kingdoms of Sicily and Sardigna SOme Authors have written that Sicily which is the biggest Island in the Mediterranean with the Title of a Kingdom was formerly joyn'd to Italy and that a storm of Wind occasion'd the separation others assert that it was divided from it by an Earthquake It was first inhabited by Giants by Listrigons and Cyclops it was likewise call'd The Island of the Sun and Trinacrea by reason of the Three Promontories of Faro Passaro and Boco which are so plac'd that the whole Island resembles a Greek Delta It is seated between 36 and 40 Degree of Longitude and the Latiude extends from the 35 to 88 Degree The circuit of the Sea-coast takes up a Hundred Fourscore and Ten Leagues where it is longest Sixty Leagues in length and Fifty where it is broadest 'T is but Seven Miles from Cape Faro to Seiglio in the Kingdom of Naples Some will have this Island to hang in the Seas being supported only by Three Pillars that are under the Three Promontories and to justifie their Opinion assert That the River Salso that rises out of a Hole in the middle of the Island comes from the Sea by reason the Water is Salt The Air is very wholesome thô somewhat of the hottest for Strangers The Soil is so fertile in Corn Wine and all sorts of Fruits that Sicily was call'd the Granary of Italy The Honey Oil Wax Sugar Saffron c. which are all the Products of that Island draw a great Trade to it Besides there are found in this Island great store of Agates Emraulds Jasper Porphyrie Salt and several Mineral Mines and all the Sea-coasts abound in Fish When the Roman Empire fell to decay Sicily was plunder'd and Usurp'd by the Vandals After that the Saracins settl'd in it till they were expell'd by the Normans in 1070. Charles of France Duke of Anjou Count of Provence and Brother of St. Lewis was invested in the Kingdoms of Naples and Sicily and the French remain'd Masters of it till the year 1282 or as others say 1283. at what time upon an Easter day at the Hour of Vespers the Sicilians sollicited by the Arragonians Massacred all the French in the Churches little dreaming of such a fatal surprize and this was the Massacre which still carries the Name of the Sicilian Vespers Since that the Spaniards setl'd themselves there and are still in possession of it sending a Viceroy thither to Govern it Spanish Pistoles Piasters and Reals as also Sequins of Venice goe currant in Sicilie provided the Pieces be weight for they Coin no other Money but Tarins A Spanish Pistole is worth Forty Tarins and the Venetian Sequin Twenty four Every Tarin is worth about Five Sols of France When they make any Payment they reckon all by Ounces and by an Ounce they mean 30 Tarins which make Seven Livres Ten Sols of France One of the Customs observ'd in Sicily and which appears very ridiculous in France is that neither Women nor Men if they have no Beards upon their Chins can Lodge in the Inns unless they be particularly acquainted with some Person of Worth in the place or without very sufficient and Authentick Certificates There are also Guards appointed to visit the Inns in the Night time and to look into the Beds and see whether there be any Chins without Beards They likewise seize upon all that are abroad in the Streets Two Hours after Night is shut in and they who are so apprehended are Fin'd if the cause of their being late out be not sufficient to excuse ' em This Island is infested with so many Robbers that 't is a difficult thing for a Man to stir halfe a League out of the City without losing his Cloak-bag if he scape with his Throat So that the People never Travel by Land but in Caravans or without good Convoys and you must take a great care too lest the Convoys allow'd ye be not Thieves themselves There is nothing expos'd to Sale in Sicily either in the Shops or in the Markets till the Commissaries of the Civil Government have set the price and it would be an unpardonable Crime for any Merchant or Countryman to sell his Wares or Provision dearer then the sett Rate The Sicilians for the most part and they that inhabit the Coasts of Calabria wear a Bonnet of Goats-Skin undrest their Hair being matted or plaited flat behind A Doublet with great Skirts neither Band nor Cravatt their Breeches very strait a Cloak of the same Stuff which the Chimney-Sweepers in Savoy wear which they fling under their Left Arm with a Sword and Pistol by their sides Their Shooes are made of the Rind of Bacon well Curry'd which lasts a long time But the Poor have no more then a bare Sole made of the Bark of a Tree ty'd about their Feet with Packthread And as for People of Quality they wear Pumps after the Spanish fashion Palermo is the Metropolis of the Kingdom an Archiepiscopal See and the Residence of the Viceroy whose Train is more
the Finances of which there are such a Number in France as Rouen Tholouse Orleans Limoges c. Jurats of Bourdeaux are as the Eschevins or Sheriffs in other Cities Mareschalship is the Office and Jurisdiction of a Marshal of France The Lord Marshals of France in the time of Francis I. were but two who having their several Provinces assign'd 'em by the King rode their Circuits into 'em and were present at all General Musters to observe how Military Discipline was observ'd to View the Fortifications and Reparations of Frontier Towns How the Arsenals were stor'd with Ammunition and Provisions and lastly to provide for the Punishment of Idle Vagrant and loose Persons But now their Number is uncertain the Marshal's Battoon of Command being given as the Reward of Prowess and Conduct Presidial Seats are Courts of Justice Establish'd in the Year 1551. in divers good Towns of France wherein Civil Causes not exceeding 250 Livres Tournois are heard and adjudg'd Soveraignly and without Appeals Seneschalship the Jurisdiction of a Seneschal who is a Chief Justice or Magistrate of a Precinct who has the same Authority which is enjoy'd by a Bailli from whom he differs only in Name Historical Voyages Travels OVER EUROPE CHAP. I. Of Europe in general THE World is usually divided into four Parts that is to say Asia Africa America and Europe This last is the smallest of all but without contradiction the most considerable in regard it is most Populous most Fertile and under the most noble and best order'd Forms of Government The Bounds of it to the North are the Northern or the Frozen Sea to the West the Atlantick Ocean the Mediterranean to the South which separates it from Africa and to the East the Aegean Sea the Streight of Gallipoli the Sea of Marmara the Streight of Constantinople the Black Sea the Palus Maeotis the Tanais c. which part it from Asia The Length of it from Cape St. Vincents in the Western part of Spain to the mouth of the River Ob in the Frontiers of Muscovy is about thirteen hundred Leagues Moreover there are always said to be in Europe besides the Territories of the Church in Italy two Empires that of Germany and that of Turky seven Kingdoms under different Soveraigns who acknowledge no Superior France Spain England Portugal Sweden Denmark and Poland The first six Hereditary the latter Elective There are now nine Electorates Mayence Treves Cologne Bohemia Bavaria Saxony Brandenburgh the Palatinate and Hanover which are all Soveraign States under the Titles of Dukedoms Marquisates c. We have also in Europe two Great Dukedomes Muscovy and Tuscany Six other Dukedoms besides those which are enclos'd within the Empire viz. Lorrain Savoy Mantoua Modena Parma and Curland Seven Republicks viz. The United Provinces otherwise call'd Holland Switzerland Venice Genoa Luca St. Marin and Ragusa And besides all this there is the Arch-Dukedom of Austria the Patrimony of the Empire who also possesses Bohemia and Hungary As for the Principalities of Transylvania Moldavia and Walachia they are possess'd by particular Princes who are tributary either to the Emperor or the Grand Signior and sometimes to both together The Principal Islands of Europe are England united to Scotland Ireland Majorca Minorca Sicily Sardignia Corfu Creet and an infinite number of others in the Archipelago And the Highest Mountains are in France the Pyreneans and the Alpes La Sierra Morena in Spain the Apennine in Italy Parnassus in Greece the Crapack in Poland the Rhipheans in Muscovy and Mont Gibel in Sicily This part of the World is water'd with an infinite number of fair Streams and vast Rivers which contribute not a little to the Fertility of it The most considerable are the Seine the Loire the Garonne the Rhone in France the Duero the Tagus the Guadiana the Guadalquivir the Ebro in Spain the Po and Tibur in Italy the Danaw the Rhine the Elbe the Order in Germany the Vistula and Niepor in Poland the Volga and Don in Muscovy the Thames Severn and Trent in England the Tay in Scotland and the Shanon in Ireland CHAP. II. Of France in general FRance is to Europe as Europe is to all the other parts of the World for number of Inhabitants for the Ingenuity of the People the Fertility of the Soil the Temper of the Climate and the Excellency of the Wine The Government is Monarchical but too severely Absolute tho the Nobility are brave and Warlike This Kingdom is seated between the forty second and fifty first degree of Latitude and the fifteenth and nineteenth of Longitude It is bounded to the West by the Great Ocean to the East by the Rhine and the Alpes that separate it from Germany and Italy to the South by the Mediterranean Sea and the Pyreneans that divide it from Spain and to the North by St. Georges-Channel which the French call La Manche that parts it from England But these Bounds have not hinder'd the Kings from frequently extending their Dominions beyond these Limits and without searching past Ages for Examples no body can be ignorant that in our days neither the Rhine the Alpes nor the Pyreneans could stop the Rapidness of the Conquests of Lewis the XIV France is about two hundred and sixty Leagues in length if we take it from the Coasts of Britany to the Frontiers of Switzerland and two hundred and forty in breadth from Dunkirk ro Perpignan The Kingdom is compos'd of Three Estates the Clergy the Nobility and the People In 1614. the States General of the Kingdom being summon'd to meet at Paris appear'd there under Twelve great Governments which are Picardy Normandy Champagne the Island of France Britany Orleanois Burgogne Lionois the Dauphinate Provence Languedoc and Guienne and under these Governments are comprehended Le Maine Anjou Tourain Poictou Xaintoin Perigort Limozin Querci Rovergne Auvergne Gevodan Albigeois Bearne Bigorre Foix Cominges Armagnac Vivarez Le Forest Beaugelois Bugeay Valcomay La Bresse Nivernois Bourbonnois Berri Salogne Gatinois Beauce c. All this shews us that France must needs be a very Potent Kingdom since it includes so great a number of Fair Provinces some of which contain more Cities Burroughs and Villages then many Soveraign Kingdoms and Principalities But if you add to these the Conquests of Lewis the XIII and XIV you will find the Limits of this Kingdom to be of a much larger Extent since those two Monarchs subdu'd Franche Contè Lorraine Alsatia Artois part of Flanders Hainault Luxemburgh c. France which was known to the Ancients under the name of Gaul is a Hereditary Kingdom the Crown of which cannot descend to the Female Sex by vertue of the Salique Law It always belongs to the Eldest Son and for want of Male Issue to the next of Kin. France has beheld upon the Throne Kings of three Races The first was that of Meroveus the second that of Charlemaigne and the third that of Hugh Capet Pharamond was the first King of France
He began to Reign in the year 400 of our Salvation and Clovis who was the Fifth King of this Monarchy was the first who embrac'd Christianity in 499 being baptiz'd by St. Remi Bishop of Rheims and ever since that time it was that our Kings have born the Title of Most Christian King and Eldest Son of the Church which no other Potentate disputes with ' em As to the Humour of the French they are lookt upon to have a quick and penetrating Wit to be civil jolly and generous but the most inconstant and most impatient in Europe There are reckon'd to be in France Eight Arch-Bishopricks which have under their Jurisdiction a hundred and eleven Bishopricks that is to say as far as I can remember Paris Lim Rouen-Tours Reims Sens Cambray Bourges Bourdeaux Auch Vienne Ambrun Toulouse Narbonne Aix Arles Avignon and Treves which have under 'em a hundred twenty five Suffragans Fourteen Parliaments or Soveraign Courts viz. Paris Toulouse Grenoble Bourdeaux Dijon Rouen Aix Rennes Pau Metz Tournay Perpignan Besanson and Chamberi Besides an infinite number of Colledges with which all the Cities of France are provided for the Education of Youth there are sixteen famous Universities viz that of Paris Toulouse Montpellier Orleans Anger 's Poictiers Caen Bourdeaux Bourges Cahors Nantes Rheims Valence Aix Avignon and Orange This is all I have to say of France in general I now come to the Remarks which I have made in my Travels beginning with Provence which is one of the Extream parts of the Kingdom CHAP. III. Of Provence GEographers usually divide this Province into the Upper and Lower Provence The Upper is very Mountainous and Barren But to recompence compence that defect the Lower may be lookt upon as a Terrestrial Paradise And did not Sacred History inform us of the Rivers Phison Gehon and Euphrates that environ'd the Garden of Eden which God gave to our First Parent Adam we might have just reason to believe that the Paradise of all Delights was in Lower Provence The Air is so mild and temperate and the Soil so fertile that it produces Corn in abundance Wine Oyl Silk together with great variety of Excellent Fruits and in the depth of Winter you may without any trouble find Oranges Jelsomines Roses and Violets in Flower The Provencials are generally accounted a more rude and clownish sort of People then they who inhabit the Neighbouring Provinces Perhaps their nearness to the Sea and the resort of all sorts of Nations that come thither for the sake of Trade may not a little contribute to it But the Women are merry and jocund and have excellent Voices Aix is the Capital City of the Province large and fair the Houses are built after the Modern Fashion and those that stand next the Court are like so many Palaces It is the Seat of the Parliament of Provence and of an Arch-Bishoprick a Chamber of Accounts a Court of Aids a Mint and a Generality There is also in it an University for Law and Physick founded by H. the IV. The Churches are very beautiful and the Curious fail not to examin the Font of Baptism in that of St. Saviour supported by eight Marble Columns upon which 't is said that in Old Time they sacrific'd to Baal In the Church of the Carmelites is to be seen the Sepulchre of Renatus King of Jerusalem Some Leagues from Aix stands a Burrough call'd Sallon where Nostre Damus so famous for his Predictions was born and interr'd in the Church of the Franciscan Grey-Fryers his Tomb being half within the Church and half without Which has given an occasion for some people to say that it was so contriv'd because it was not known whether he were a Prophet or a Conjurer But the Monk that shew'd it us told us that Nostre Damus himself had order'd it to be erected after that manner For that finding the World to be so corrupt as it is he was desirous to leave it in a singular manner For that having rais'd his Tomb to Man's height he caus'd himself to be enclos'd therein while he was living after he had made provision of Oyl for his Lamp Pens Ink and Paper and pronounc'd a Curse upon him that should open it before such a time which by the Calculation of the Fryer was to expire at the beginning of the eighteenth Age. And upon my saying to the Fryer that by the Epitaph which appear'd upon his Tomb it did not appear that he was enterr'd alive but that he di'd the first of July 1566. in the 62th year of his Age the Monk repli'd that from that day he was dead to the World and that in engraving the Epitaph they had follow'd his directions all which was to be justifi'd by the Registers of the Convent and that he would have part of his Tomb to be in the Street to let the World know the remaining part of Human Life which perhaps he employ'd in pious works For my part I had much ado to believe the Monk but that the respect which is owing to his Character perswaded me that he would not suffer an Impostor to escape his Lips However it were I cannot tell whether honest Nostre Damus repented or no but I am sure he was in an ill condition if he let his Lamp go out before he had finish'd what he had to write Beaucaire is a City seated upon the Banks of the Rhone famous for the Fair which is there held the 22d of July which draws to it all the Nations of Europe and Immense Wealth On the other side of the River is to be seen the City of Tarascon where Renatus King of Jerusalem and Sicily built a very fair Castle Some years ago a certain person digging a Vault in his Cellar found a Wall with an Iron Gate which he caus'd to be open'd and then discover'd a hollow passage from whence he heard a most dreadful Noise so terrible indeed that he durst not satisfie his Curiosity any farther However the Magistrates of the City being inform'd of it were resolv'd to know what it was To which purpose they proffer'd a condemn'd person his Life if he would but go and take a view of that Subterraneal Gallery This man being fortifi'd with every thing which he thought necessary to infuse a confidence into him enter'd in But before he got five and twenty or thirty paces he return'd like a man hard out of his senses crying out That they might hang him if they pleas'd for he would not die a Death which he did not understand He told 'em he heard a most dreadful Noise which grew louder and louder the farther he went After they had given him time till the next day to recover himself they offer'd him new favours and some Money if he would go to the End of the Gallery That allurement made him resolve to scorn all dangers and having recover'd fresh strength he went to the Bottom where he found another Iron Gate at which he knockt as
Authors affirm it to have been built by the Gomerites who were sent into Gaul a little after Noah's time However certain it is that the Druids built this City long before the Birth of Christ whose Nativity they foretold and that he should be Born of a Virgin which was the reason that Priscus the Roman Governor erected a Temple there which he consecrated Virgini Pariturae to the Virgin that should bear a Son And seeing that St. Paul coming to Athens met with an Altar dedicated to the Vnknown God we may the more readily believe that either by some Prophetick Spirit or by some other Prerogatives only known to Providence that the Pagans in the midst of their Darkness had some glimmerings of that knowledge which God reserv'd for the Christians And hence I may observe that if some Christians were to be met among the Pagans of those Times there are more Pagans to be found among the Christians at this day There is a Well to be seen at Chartres which is call'd the Saints Well because the Romans were wont to throw the Primitive Christians into it There belongs to this City a Presidial Court together with a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Paris ever since 1622. for before it depended upon the Archbishop of Sens. There are to be seen in this City many Pieces of Antiquity and a great number of Reliques The Cathedral dedicated to the Holy Virgin is very considerable for the Quire the Church under-ground and the two Steeples are the Admiration of Forreigners The Streets are fair and straight the Houses neatly built the Market-Places large and the River Eure affords a Water very proper for several sorts of Manufacture In the Year 1591. Hen. IV. took it from the League and caus'd himself to be Crown'd in it by reason that Reims held out in Rebellion Orleans is a very considerable City dignify'd with the Title of Dukedom and a Bishop's See under the Archbishop of Paris with a Presidial Court and a University for the Law founded by St. Lewis and confirm'd by Philip the Fair in 1312. All this advances much the Honour of the City but her greater Glory to be the Appanage or Childs Portion and Title always belonging to the Second Son of France much more Exalts the Idea that Forreigners have of her This City is seated upon the Banks of the River Loire in a Country full of Vineyards that furnish it with excellent Wine Among the most considerable Buildings is to be seen the Church of the Holy Cross which the Religionaries ruin'd in the last Age but though Henry the Great caus'd it to be rebuilt he has not restor'd it the Beauty of her Pristin Antiquity This City was several times Besieg'd and twice miraculously deliver'd Once by the Prayers of her Bishop St. Aignan when Attila King of the Hunns besieg'd it in the Year 450. Long after that the English besieg'd it in the Year 1417. at what time it was succour'd by Joan of Arc call'd the Maid of Orleans The Kingdom was then in a Low condition and upon the very brink of Ruin at what time this Maid who was no more then a poor Shepherdess born at Dompremi upon the Meuse receiv'd a Command from God to go and succour Orleans and to Crown Charles VII K. of France at Reims Coming to Court she made up to the King whom she had never seen in her life before and though he had nothing to be signaliz'd from the rest in the croud of Courtiers that were in a huddle about him She told him of the Command she had receiv'd from Heaven They gave her what Men she desir'd with which she defeated the English and reliev'd Orleans After that she caus'd the King to be Crown'd at Reims re-conquer'd all Champagne and had expell'd the English quite out of France but that she had the Misfortune to be taken before Compiegne which she had laid Siege to When the English had her in their power they carri'd her to Rouen and Burnt her for a Witch She was call'd the Maid or Virgin because that having been search'd by several Matrons in the presence of the Queen of Sicily she was found to be so The Orleanois had so great a Veneration for her Memory that they set up her Statue upon the Bridge of Orleans There are several very fair Country seats in the Parts about Orleans of which Chambort is the most remarkable as being built by the Command of Francis I. and the Stairs belonging to it are look'd upon to be a kind of a Prodigy for that when you would go up into the Chamber over head from the Room where you are instead of ascending you must descend The Loire washes the Walls of Bloise as well as of Orleans This City is seated in a most delightful Air which the Pleasure of the Walks about it renders much more Charming provided the Weather be dry For otherwise the Soil is so fat that the least Rain makes the ways almost impassable There is a very beautiful Castle belongs to it built upon a Rock which has been the seat of several Kings There is also a Pyramid erected upon the Bridge that crosses the River in Honour of Hen. IV. of France There are also to be seen some fair Ruins of Roman Antiquity and Travellers will find a great deal of Pleasure in viewing the Park that belongs to the Royal Castle At some distance from the City is to be seen the Castle of Buri in the Court of which is erected a Pillar on the top of which stands a Figure of King David in Brass which was brought from Rome The Lake also which is in the Dutchy of Vendosme is very remarkable for this that the Water abounds in it for seven Years together but the next seven Years it lyes quite dry During which time you may perceive Caverns in it that are extreamly deep The Country people also know by certain Marks of the Height of the Water whether the seven Years that the Water is absent will be fruitful or barren Amboise is a very ancient City where Charles VIII was Born and this Prince it was who built the Castle which is the greatest Ornament of it In this Castle Lewis XII instituted the Order of the Knights of St. Michael the First day of August in the Year 1469. This City is also famous for the Conspiracy there discover'd against Francis II. Catherine de Medicis his Mother and all the Court in 1560. And History informs us that there was a most Bloody Butchery of the Conspirators among whom there was a great number of Persons of Quality CHAP. XX. Of the Island of France VVHen Forreigners hear talk of the Island of France unless they cast their Eyes upon the Map they take it for a Land divided from the rest of the Kingdom But though it be intercut and intercepted with many Rivers however they do not make any Island only it is a Name which the Province has deriv'd from
little Islands which the Seine surrounds in several places and among the rest from two within the Circuit of Paris which are call'd the Island of Nostre Dame and the Island of the Palace This Island is the most Noble Portion of the most Illustrious most Potent and most Flourishing Kingdom in the World This is what the Author stretches out in Praise of his own Country but whether it agree so well with the present Condition of France is left for the Impartial to judge Paris is not only the Capital of this Province but the Metropolis of the whole Kingdom nor is it without good Reason that a certain Author calls it The Queen of the Cities in the World It is so ancient that the Time is not positively known when it began to be built Some say that the Foundations of it were laid before the Death of Noah However it were Authors agree that it is more ancient then Rome as it is much larger in regard that Rome is not above Twenty three Thousand and fifty Paces in Circuit but that Paris is Twenty six Thousand eight Hundred and fifty Paces in Compass the Suburbs being therein comprehended In the Year 1622. the Bishoprick was Erected into an Archbishoprick The present Archbishop is one of the most Learned the most Illustrious and the most Obliging Prelates in the Kingdom Messire Francois de Harlay Duke and Peer of France Commander of the King's Orders formerly Archbishop of Rouen and one whose Merit is Universally known He has a Seat in the Parlament of Paris which is the first in the Kingdom and which is usually call'd the Parlament of Peers But besides this Tribunal there are several others in Paris as the Chamber of Accompts or of the Exchequer which was made Sedentary at Paris at the same time that the Parlament was fix'd The Grand Chastelet where the Provost of Paris sits as a Judge and may be call'd the Sessions House of Paris There is also the Conseil du Roy or the King's Council which consists of such Persons as he pleases to make Choice of to Consult about Publick and Important Business Conseil de Finances compos'd of a Superintendant Intendants Comptrollers Registers c. and the Conseil Privè de Parties which is Assembled about particular Causes and Controversies between Party and Party Besides several other Courts and Chambers which we omit for Brevities sake The University of Paris is the most famous in all France Italy Spain or Germany where all manner of Learning and Sciences are taught It was founded in the Year 791. by Charlemaign at the perswasion of the learned Alcuin who was the first Professor of it And I am apt to believe that to justifie the Opinion of M. Balzac who calls the University of Paris the Latin Country there needs no more then to tell yee that it consists of Fifty five Colleges which are always full of an Infinite Number of Scholars and every Body knows that the Sorbonne is a Nursery of Learned Men and the most rigid College in France I do not here propose to my self to make an exact Description of all the Beauties of Paris for a Volume in Folio would not contain 'em all I shall only take notice of those things that render it most remarkable without entring into a particular Enumeration of all Particulars The chiefest without doubt is this that it is the place where the Monarchs of France have all along kept their Courts and when the Palace of the Louvre which is joyn'd to that of the Tuilleries shall be finish'd with that Order and Magnificence as it is begun 't will be the most Noble Building in the Universe There will not be only Lodging sufficient for all the Court but also for the Ministers of State for all the Officers of the Crown and all Forreign Ambassadors that come to reside in the City The Cathedral Church which is dedicated to the Holy Virgin is a Hundred seventy four Paces in length and Sixty broad and a Hundred Paces high There is to be seen the Old and New Testament engrav'd upon the Stones of the Quire and over the Door of the Quire is to be seen a Crucifix with an Image of our Lady which are two Master-pieces of Workmanship The Frontispiece of the Church is adorn'd with three large Portals over which are One and twenty Figures of the King 's that Reign'd from Childebert to Philip the August Two high square Towers serve it instead of a Steeple which are esteem'd to be the fairest in France So that 't is commonly said If you would have a perfect Cathedral you must joyn the Quire of Bauvaise the Body of Amiens the Portal of Reimes the Steeple of Chartres and the Towers of Paris From the bottom to the top of these Towers you ascend with Three hundred eighty nine Steps and at the top there is a Gallery that leads from one Tower to the other To the Church it self belong Seven Doors and Forty five Chappels But that which is most of all to be wonder'd at is this that this Vast and Magnificent Structure is built upon Piles driven into the Ground by reason it stands at the farther end of the Island of the Palace The Quire the Body of the Church and the Chappels are adorn'd with lovely Pictures and many precious Reliques are preserv'd within those sacred Walls The Holy Chappel of the Palace is a Church which is very remarkable not only for Antiquities and Reliques but for the Workmanship of the Building which is supported by Pillars so small that a Man would wonder how they are able to bear so great a weight The most famous Reliques that are lockt up within these two Places are the Crown of Thorns with which Christ was Crown'd The Table-Cloath upon which he Supp'd with his Apostles The Spunge and Head of the Spear wherewith his Side was pierc'd Some of the Virgins Milk Moses's Rod a piece of St. John Baptist's Head c. In short not to engage my self to give an account of all the Churches in particular I shall only tell yee that Paris contains One and fifty Parishes of which the most part consist of Twenty five Thirty and Thirty five thousand Communicants Two and fifty Monasteries Seventy eight Nunneries and Thirty Hospitals If we add to this that there are in Paris Eight hundred and thirty Streets Twelve Suburbs of which St. German des Prez alone is larger then many Capital Cities Ten Bridges Seventy three Piazza's and Market-Places though de la Croix says but Twenty five and a great Number of Palaces or Noble-Men's Houses 't will be no wonder to us what Charles V. said That he had seen in France a World a City and a Village The World was Paris the City was Orleans and the Village was Poitiers It would be no difficult thing to Arm in Paris Two hundred Thousand Men for the Service of the State for an Army might be rais'd only of the People that wear Liveries from
Austria An Image of our Lady in Ivory enrich'd with Pretious Stones A Missal in Manuscript the Cover of which is enrich'd with Plates of Gold A Manuscript of the Four Evangelists written above Eleven hundred Years ago in Letters of Gold and Silver upon Purple Vellum In the Third Ambrie The Head of St. Denis enrich'd with Pretious Stones His Cross of Wood all cover'd with Gold and Precious Stones as also his Travelling Stick The right Hand Flesh and Bone of the Apostle St. Thomas in a Shrine of Gold enrich'd with Pearls Rubies and great Pearls An enamell'd Shrine where through a Christal you see the Lower Chap of St. Lewis The Crown of the same St. Lewis of massy Gold beset with Pretious Stones A Seal of Gold with a Saphir Stone wherein his Image is engrav'd with these Letters S. L. A Sword which he brought in his first Expedition from the Holy Land A wooden Cup of Tamarisk wherein he drank A Shrine which he carried along with him in his Expeditions with a Bone of St. Denis His Hand of Justice of Silver gilt The Clasp of his Cloak of the same beset with Pretious Stones A Chalice of Oriental Agate with a great number of Pretious Stones The Effigies of the Queen of Sheba upon a Brouch of Agate A Gondola of Agate and Onyx The two Crowns of Lewis XIV the one of Gold the other enamell'd In the Fourth Ambrie A great Image Silver gilt of St. Benedict extreamly Rich. A great Cross of massy Gold cover'd with Pearl and enrich'd with large Saphirs The Oratory of Charlemain all of Gold where the multitudes of Saphirs Emraulds Agates and Oriental Pearls that glitter in it vastly enhaunce the Price of it This Oratory preserves an Arm of St. George The Crown of Charlemain all of Gold and embellish'd like the Oratory This Crown is carry'd to Reims at the Coronation of our Kings with the Scepter the Hand of Justice the Spurs the Clasp for the Mantle the Book of Ceremonies and Prayers for the Coronation All the Ornaments are of that Richness as befits the Use which is made of ' em The Crown of Gold that Joane of Eureux were enrich'd with Rubies Saphirs and Pearl serves for the Coronation of the Queens that is Perform'd at St. Denis Several Vessels of Gold Chrystal and other Materials very Rich. The Portraiture of Nero upon an Agate which is look'd upon as one of the Noblest Pieces of Curiosity in the Treasury In other Cupboards in General There are moreover Four other Ambries which do not contain such vast Wealth but only Reliques or Antiquities of which these are the most considerable An enamell'd Shrine embellish'd with Pretious Stones wherein lyes the Body of St. Lewis Judas's Lanthorn the Sword of the Maid of Orlean's a Unicorn's Horn seven foot long and a Stool of Copper which as they say was Dagobert's Throne Beside all these things of which I have given you a Catalogue there are several other things very remarkable which I insert not here for fear of being Tedious and therefore to conclude this Chapter I shall only inform the Reader that the Monks who shew the Treasury very distinctly give an accompt of every thing and tell you the time and the occasion that all these Curiosities were brought to this Place CHAP. XXIII Of Normandy and the Country of Maine NOrmandy is a very fair large Province of France with the Title of a Dukedom bounded Eastward by the Island of France and Picardy by the Ocean to the North by Bretagne to the West and Beausse and le Maine to the South The length of it is Seventy two Leagues de la Croix says 73. from Aumale to the Coast of Courantin and Thirty in breadth 37. says de la Croix from Alenson to the City of Eu The Name of it is absolutely German for Noort-Man signifies a Man of the North so that the Name it bears was given it by the People of the North that Pipirated upon the Seas and afterwards settl'd themselves in Normandy and ravag'd the Country to the very Walls of Paris William the Norman laid Claim to England and Invading it under Pretence of Title his Successors Kings of England became Masters of Normandy But Philip the August united it to the Crown of France Charles the Seventh expell'd the English This Province being the most Northern part of the Kingdom is also the Goldest It is divided into Upper and Lower It abounds in all sorts of Fruit especially Pears and Apples of which they make Cider and which serves 'em instead of Wine for Wine they have none but what they fetch from the Neighbouring Provinces As for Corn it produces more then suffices the Inhabitants The Dyers also have their Madder and Woad from thence The Humour of the Common People does 'em no great Credit They are look'd upon to have more defects then Perfections The Normans are accus'd to be very cholerick litigious upon every Trifle and not to be too great Slaves to their words when their Interest is concern'd So then when you deal with a Norman the first Question is whether he will insist upon the Privileges of the Country that is to say whether he will go from his word when the Bargain is concluded And therefore when a Man has fail'd of his word 't is a common thing to say He is a Norman But the Gentry and Persons well educated who have a share of Honour are to be excepted out of this Number Moreover they have as great an Antipathy against the Bretons as the Bretons have against them Rouen is the Principal City of Normandy dignify'd with an Archbishop's See and the Seat of a Parliament a Chamber of Accompts an Audit of the Treasurers of France a Chamber of Money and a Presidial Court The Parliament had that Name given it first of all by Francis I. in 1515. whereas before it was call'd the Court of Exchequer founded by Philip the Fair in 1286. This City is seated upon the Banks of the River Seine on the one side on the other in a Valley environ'd with Hills thick spread with Wood. From the East come little Rivers which run through the Town keep the Streets clean and after they have turn'd several Mills fall into the Seine But the nearness of it to the Sea is that which makes it a Town of great Trade when Commerce is open Among those things which it has most remarkable we are to admire the Bridge of Boats over the Seine Two hundred and seventy Paces in length For though it be all Pav'd and appear as firm as a Bridge of Stone yet it rises and sinks according to the Ebbing and Flowing of the Sea This Bridge was made to supply the want of another Stone Bridge of 15 Arches that was ruin'd and was accompted one of the Fairest Bridges in France The Castle is fortified with Eleven great Towers which all Vessels outward or inward bound are engag'd to salute with Three Guns at
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Very useful for all Gentlemen Merchants Druggists Doctors Apothecaries Chirurgeons and their Apprentices As also for all Travellers Sea-men Custom-House Officers and all others that either Traffick in them or make any use of them or those that Import or Deliver any of 'em at the Water-side Giving a true Account of all those that are Prohibited and those that are not whereby many needless Disputes and Law Suits may be prevented The whole Work Alphabetically digested with a compleat Catalogue of all Drugs c. By Jo. Jacob Berlu of London Merchant in Drugs Price 1 s. 4. The Revelation Vnveiled Or An Essay discovering 1. When many Scripture Prophesies had their Accomplishment and turned into History 2. What are now Fulfilling 3. What rest still to be Fulfilled with a guess at the time of them With an Appendix proving That Pagan Rome was not Babylon Rev. 17. and that the Jews shall be Converted By Samuel Petto Minister of the Gospel at Sudbury in Suffolk Price 1 s. 6 d. THE Third Volume OF Historical Travels OVER EUROPE Containing the most Select Curiosities of ITALY THE Various Constitutions of Government under several Sovereign Princes and States their Strength their Riches and Revenues the sundry Customs Manners Coyns and Trade of the People Together with A Particular Description of the City of ROME the Conclave the Election of the Pope and Promotion of the Cardinals Accompany'd with a Great Number of Remarks never yet before imparted to the World Done out of French LONDON Printed for Hen. Rhodes at the Star the Corner of Bride-Lane in Fleetstreet 1694. TO THE READER 'T IS very true that several have set forth Descriptions of Italy but 't is no wonder that all Geographers should be Ambitious of making their Court to a Country that was once the Mistress of the World The Author is also very brief I must confess but many timas succinct Manuals are better Companions for a Gentleman then large Volumes They will go by Water with him and ride in his Coach where weighty Folio's would be too cumbersomo and unweildy Besides the Author himself assures ye that though he has not been so tedious as others yet that you shall meet in the succeeding few Chapters not only with Novelties which are pleasing to all Men but with an infinite number of most curious Remarks which never yet before were committed to the Press and which were the Observations of a Great and Learned Cardinal in some particulars and as to others of an Eminent Person who by means of his Publick Employments and his long Residence in the Courts of several Princes of Italy had gain'd a peculiar and perfect knowledge of the Country a great Argument of the Truth of what is offer'd to your View that there is much in a little and all clean from Fabulous Report Now then after these Encouragements to heighten your Curiosity I think it not convenient to add any more for fear of putting a long Epistle before a little Book HISTORICAL TRAVELS OVER EUROPE ITALY CHAP. I. Of Italy in General ALthô above fourscore Authors have wrote the Description of Italy nevertheless it is not known from whence it derives its Name Some deduce it from Oxen or Bulls which in the ancient obsolete Greek were called Itali and for the feeding of which Italy was then in high repute Others will have it so called from one Italus one of the first Kings of the Country It formerly bore the Names of Saturnia Ausonia Oenopia and Hesperia which it receiv'd from several Princes and renowned Captains that regin'd therein at several times This part of Europe is seated in the middle of the Temperate Zone between the 28th Degree and a half and the 42d and a half of Longitude and between the 37th Degree and a half and 48th and a half of Latitude It is bounded to the North by a ridge of Mountains called the Alpes which separate it from Germany and Switzerland to the West by the Alpes also and the River Var which divides it from France and Savoy to the East by the Mediterranean Sea otherwise call'd the Adriatic Sea or the Golph of Venice and to the South by the Tyrrhene or Tuscan Sea Where it is longest to take it from the Frontiers of Savoy to the farthest extremity of the Kingdom of Naples it extends it self about 280 French Leagues or 450 Italian Miles But the breadth of it is not all alike sometimes 30 in other places 40 60 80 and 100 French Leagues resembling a Boot that seems to kick at Sicily to force it into Africa Most Geographers divide Italy into four parts the first comprehends the ancient Lombardy wherein are contain'd the States or Dominions of the Dukes of Savoy Mantua Parma Modena Milanois the Republic of Venice Genoa and some other Petty Principalities The second includes the Ecclesiastical State and Tuscany The third the Kingdom of Naples And the fourth the Islands of Sardigna Sicily Corsica c. The Air is very wholsome and very temperate over all Italy except in the Ecclesiastical State where certain malignant Fevers are very rife and were much more frequent before the use of Ice in Summer to cool their Drink Italy produces in great plenty whatever is necessary for the support of Human Life as Corn Oyl Oranges Citrons Pomegranates with all sorts of Fruits and Flowers There is to be found both Sugar and Cotton in the Kingdom of Naples besides great store of Silkworms very good Horses and Bufalo's The