knowledge_n of_o the_o method_n in_o which_o ecclesiastical_a affair_n be_v wont_a to_o be_v transact_v in_o these_o most_o remote_a time_n upon_o which_o i_o be_o now_o enter_v and_o that_o the_o understanding_n of_o these_o will_v very_o much_o depend_v upon_o a_o right_a apprehension_n of_o the_o nature_n of_o those_o great_a council_n i_o shall_v have_v so_o much_o occasion_n to_o insist_v upon_o in_o this_o period_n i_o will_v endeavour_v in_o the_o first_o place_n to_o give_v the_o most_o distinct_a account_n i_o can_v of_o they_o and_o that_o from_o foreign_a historian_n as_o well_o as_o from_o those_o of_o our_o own_o country_n and_o here_o be_v the_o manner_n of_o hold_v 5._o parliament_n as_o true_o ancient_a as_o its_o preface_n pretend_v and_o as_o some_o affirm_v that_o it_o be_v we_o shall_v be_v able_a to_o go_v on_o the_o 12._o more_o easy_o in_o our_o account_n of_o these_o council_n but_o because_o there_o be_v many_o thing_n which_o make_v i_o just_o suspect_v the_o antiquity_n of_o that_o piece_n i_o must_v be_v force_v to_o look_v out_o for_o some_o other_o guide_n of_o a_o better_a note_n and_o of_o who_o sincerity_n there_o can_v be_v no_o doubt_n that_o there_o be_v all_o along_o in_o these_o day_n a_o very_a near_o affinity_n between_o the_o polity_n of_o france_n and_o that_o of_o our_o own_o country_n in_o its_o ecclesiastical_a as_o well_o as_o in_o its_o civil_a establishment_n may_v from_o many_o instance_n evident_o be_v make_v appear_v those_o northern_a nation_n who_o about_o 400_o year_n after_o christ_n begin_v to_o overrun_v the_o great_a part_n of_o europe_n be_v very_o much_o alike_o in_o their_o manner_n and_o constitution_n and_o the_o government_n which_o at_o the_o beginning_n they_o settle_v in_o those_o country_n in_o which_o they_o six_v though_o in_o some_o circumstance_n it_o may_v vary_v yet_o in_o the_o main_n be_v the_o same_o too_o now_o the_o parliament_n of_o france_n for_o so_o in_o aftertime_n the_o great_a council_n of_o the_o nation_n be_v call_v by_o they_o as_o well_o as_o with_o we_o be_v first_o bring_v into_o a_o settle_a order_n and_o method_n by_o pepin_n brother_n to_o carloman_n about_o the_o year_n 744_o in_o the_o very_a time_n we_o be_v noâ—_n discourse_v about_o and_o the_o manner_n in_o which_o he_o do_v it_o be_v this_o he_o call_v together_o 160._o his_o bishop_n and_o great_a lord_n to_o a_o council_n at_o soissons_fw-fr and_o there_o with_o the_o advice_n of_o both_o command_v the_o ancient_a canon_n to_o be_v observe_v and_o set_v out_o several_a new_a constitution_n for_o the_o government_n of_o the_o clergy_n as_o well_o as_o of_o the_o laity_n and_o to_o the_o end_n that_o the_o state_n of_o both_o may_v be_v keep_v in_o better_a order_n they_o far_o decree_v that_o from_o thenceforth_o such_o a_o synod_n shall_v be_v hold_v for_o the_o same_o purpose_n once_o every_o year_n and_o thus_o this_o affair_n stand_v for_o some_o time_n till_o about_o eleven_o year_n after_o be_v a_o little_a at_o leisure_n from_o those_o war_n which_o have_v almost_o continual_o exercise_v he_o he_o begin_v to_o put_v his_o kingdom_n into_o a_o better_a posture_n to_o which_o end_n have_v again_o call_v together_o almost_o all_o the_o bishop_n 170._o of_o france_n he_o resolve_v to_o have_v two_o meeting_n hold_v every_o year_n the_o first_o upon_o the_o kalend_n of_o march_n in_o the_o presence_n of_o the_o king_n and_o at_o such_o place_n as_o he_o shall_v appoint_v the_o other_o upon_o the_o kalend_n of_o october_n at_o soissons_fw-fr or_o at_o such_o other_o place_n as_o the_o bishop_n at_o the_o former_a meeting_n shall_v agree_v and_o here_o begin_v a_o manifest_a difference_n 6._o to_o appear_v between_o the_o civil_a and_o ecclesiastical_a synod_n for_o at_o the_o former_a of_o 757._o these_o there_o meet_v not_o only_o the_o bishop_n but_o the_o chief_a of_o the_o lay_v lord_n of_o the_o realm_n in_o that_o be_v law_n make_v both_o for_o the_o civil_a and_o ecclesiastical_a state_n and_o be_v frame_v by_o the_o council_n be_v examine_v and_o confirm_v by_o the_o king_n whereas_o at_o the_o latter_a there_o appear_v only_o the_o bishop_n and_o clergy_n and_o these_o make_v no_o new_a constitution_n but_o only_o 24._o consult_v together_o about_o the_o state_n of_o the_o church_n and_o if_o need_n be_v prepare_v matter_n for_o the_o next_o state_n meet_v or_o else_o take_v care_n to_o order_v the_o reformation_n of_o man_n manner_n according_a to_o the_o law_n already_o make_v such_o be_v the_o polity_n which_o that_o king_n establish_v for_o the_o order_v both_o of_o civil_a and_o ecclesiastical_a affair_n but_o now_o this_o settlement_n begin_v by_o pepin_n be_v very_o much_o improve_v by_o charles_n the_o great_a and_o because_o of_o this_o we_o have_v a_o very_a exact_a account_n give_v we_o by_o hincmarus_n etc._n out_o of_o the_o write_n of_o adalardus_n abbot_n of_o corbey_n and_o a_o near_a relation_n of_o charles_n himself_o it_o may_v not_o be_v amiss_o to_o take_v a_o short_a view_n of_o it_o in_o the_o first_o place_n than_o he_o appoint_v 7._o two_o assembly_n to_o be_v hold_v every_o year_n the_o one_o a_o general_n council_n of_o all_o the_o bishop_n 239._o abbot_n and_o lord_n of_o the_o realm_n the_o other_o more_o select_a consist_v only_o of_o a_o certain_a number_n of_o the_o more_o age_a and_o honourable_a of_o all_o these_o such_o as_o the_o prince_n shall_v think_v sit_v to_o choose_v together_o with_o his_o principal_a minister_n of_o state_n who_o he_o also_o call_v to_o it_o in_o the_o general_n council_n all_o the_o public_a affair_n for_o the_o follow_a year_n be_v settle_v in_o the_o other_o be_v handle_v such_o incidental_a matter_n as_o not_o be_v foresee_v can_v not_o by_o consequence_n be_v provide_v for_o in_o that_o great_a assembly_n and_o yet_o be_v of_o such_o a_o nature_n that_o they_o ought_v not_o to_o be_v defer_v till_o that_o council_n shall_v meet_v again_o in_o both_o these_o council_n though_o chief_o in_o the_o general_n one_o law_n be_v make_v both_o for_o the_o church_n and_o realm_n the_o king_n propose_v to_o they_o what_o he_o will_v have_v they_o debate_v upon_o and_o have_v for_o three_o day_n consult_v together_o they_o lay_v the_o result_n of_o their_o debate_n before_o he_o and_o his_o choice_n and_o approbation_n determine_v the_o matter_n but_o that_o which_o i_o will_v chief_o observe_v 8._o in_o these_o council_n be_v this_o that_o as_o the_o cause_n which_o sell_v in_o to_o be_v handle_v by_o they_o be_v of_o a_o different_a kind_a so_o be_v they_o dispatch_v by_o they_o after_o a_o different_a manner_n if_o the_o matter_n to_o be_v deliberate_v upon_o be_v pure_o spiritual_a in_o that_o case_n the_o bishop_n and_o abbot_n go_v apart_o by_o themselves_o and_o debate_v upon_o it_o if_o it_o be_v whole_o civil_a or_o military_a the_o lord_n alone_o consult_v about_o it_o if_o it_o be_v of_o a_o mix_v nature_n as_o relate_v to_o the_o government_n or_o discipline_n of_o the_o church_n then_o they_o both_o together_o treat_v of_o it_o but_o which_o soever_o it_o be_v still_o the_o king_n consider_v of_o their_o resolution_n and_o determine_v all_o as_o he_o see_v fit_a from_o this_o difference_n both_o of_o the_o matter_n debate_v in_o these_o assembly_n and_o of_o the_o manner_n of_o deliberate_v upon_o they_o the_o same_o assembly_n be_v oftentimes_o call_v both_o a_o royal_a and_o synodical_a council_n thus_o sigebert_n style_v the_o council_n of_o trebur_n under_o the_o emperor_n conrade_n anno_fw-la 1031._o and_o thus_o may_v many_o of_o our_o ancient_a council_n be_v distinguish_v i_o shall_v mention_v only_o one_o in_o which_o a_o learned_a 529._o antiquary_n of_o our_o own_o country_n have_v make_v the_o same_o remark_n the_o famous_a synod_n of_o aenham_n at_o which_o not_o only_o the_o bishop_n and_o abbot_n but_o the_o lie_v nobility_n be_v present_a but_o yet_o the_o most_o part_n of_o what_o be_v do_v in_o it_o relate_v to_o the_o church_n and_o be_v conclude_v by_o the_o clergy_n alone_o who_o go_v apart_o from_o the_o other_o lord_n for_o that_o purpose_n it_o be_v a_o easy_a matter_n to_o show_v that_o 9_o the_o same_o method_n of_o deliberation_n continue_v to_o be_v observe_v not_o only_o in_o our_o more_o ancient_a general_n council_n of_o this_o period_n but_o even_o after_o the_o reduction_n of_o our_o parliament_n to_o the_o form_n in_o which_o it_o now_o be_v but_o this_o will_v lead_v i_o too_o far_o away_o from_o those_o time_n i_o be_o now_o upon_o and_o i_o shall_v have_v a_o more_o proper_a occasion_n hereafter_o to_o take_v notice_n of_o it_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n from_o what_o have_v be_v say_v it_o appear_v that_o the_o method_n of_o transact_v public_a affair_n in_o france_n in_o
â—02_n their_o meeting_n and_o be_v great_o satisfy_v at_o their_o behaviour_n in_o it_o it_o be_v not_o long_o after_o this_o that_o as_o baronius_n himself_o confess_v theodorick_n summon_v another_o synod_n at_o rome_n to_o judge_v of_o the_o crime_n allege_v against_o symmachus_n bishop_n of_o that_o see_v and_o submit_v the_o determination_n of_o that_o affair_n to_o their_o resolution_n and_o when_o caesarius_n bishop_n of_o arles_n desire_v to_o convene_v a_o provincial_a synod_n in_o france_n according_a to_o the_o direction_n of_o the_o ancient_a canon_n and_o the_o allowance_n of_o the_o law_n to_o that_o purpose_n yet_o he_o do_v not_o think_v it_o sit_v so_o to_o do_v till_o he_o have_v obtain_v the_o consent_n of_o alaric_n the_o goth_n for_o it_o and_o it_o be_v express_o note_v that_o concenisset_fw-la it_o be_v hold_v by_o his_o allowance_n what_o caesarius_n here_o do_v with_o respect_n to_o alaric_n a_o arrian_n prince_n the_o same_o do_v avitus_n bishop_n of_o vienne_n with_o regard_n to_o sigismond_n the_o son_n of_o gundebald_a king_n of_o the_o burgundian_n who_o he_o have_v not_o prooem_n long_o before_o convert_v to_o the_o catholic_n faith_n he_o call_v even_o his_o provincial_a synod_n with_o the_o king_n consent_n and_o though_o himself_o metropolitan_a of_o that_o district_n yet_o preside_v in_o it_o by_o the_o prince_n order_n such_o be_v the_o authority_n by_o which_o these_o lesser_a synod_n be_v wont_a to_o be_v hold_v immediate_o upon_o the_o break_n of_o the_o empire_n and_o that_o thus_o it_o continue_v till_o the_o prevalence_n of_o the_o papal_a power_n begin_v to_o overthrow_v the_o prince_n right_a will_v appear_v from_o a_o short_a view_n of_o this_o matter_n in_o some_o of_o the_o principal_a state_n which_o arise_v out_o of_o the_o ruin_n of_o it_o and_o 1._o that_o this_o be_v so_o in_o the_o kingdom_n 8._o of_o spain_n the_o council_n of_o toledo_n the_o most_o eminent_a of_o any_o in_o that_o country_n both_o for_o number_n and_o authority_n sufficient_o demonstrate_v that_o the_o second_o sin_n of_o these_o be_v call_v by_o the_o permission_n of_o amalaric_n the_o synod_n itself_o own_v but_o the_o three_o and_o i_o think_v the_o most_o considerable_a of_o they_o all_o be_v yet_o more_o full_a to_o our_o present_a purpose_n it_o be_v a_o general_n council_n of_o that_o whole_a nation_n in_o it_o the_o goth_n adjure_v their_o heresy_n and_o embrace_v the_o catholic_n faith_n this_o faith_n be_v first_o establish_v in_o spain_n by_o the_o authority_n of_o this_o council_n and_o several_a very_o useful_a canon_n be_v frame_v by_o it_o for_o the_o government_n of_o the_o church_n for_o the_o time_n to_o come_v and_o all_o this_o be_v do_v by_o the_o command_n of_o 589_o reccaredus_n their_o king_n who_o with_o badda_n his_o queen_n subscribe_v to_o the_o orthodox_n faith_n in_o it_o and_o make_v not_o only_o his_o bishop_n but_o the_o chief_a of_o his_o nobility_n and_o other_o subscribe_v to_o it_o it_o will_v be_v needless_a for_o i_o after_o so_o clear_a a_o evidence_n as_o this_o synod_n have_v give_v we_o of_o the_o authority_n by_o which_o council_n be_v ancient_o convene_v in_o spain_n to_o spend_v any_o long_a time_n in_o the_o particular_a examination_n of_o the_o several_a council_n that_o follow_v after_o it_o shall_v therefore_o suffice_v bare_o to_o say_v thus_o much_o that_o the_o four_o of_o toledo_n another_o national_a council_n and_o of_o great_a authority_n in_o those_o part_n meet_v subscript_n by_o the_o order_n of_o sisenandus_n as_o the_o three_o have_v do_v by_o that_o of_o reccaredus_n the_o five_o by_o the_o command_n of_o cinthila_n who_o also_o confirm_v the_o act_n of_o it_o the_o six_o 1â—28_n of_o cinthilan_n the_o seven_o of_o chindaswind_n the_o eight_o of_o recceswinthus_n the_o rest_n by_o the_o order_n of_o the_o several_a prince_n which_o follow_v after_o as_o from_o the_o act_n of_o the_o fifteen_o and_o sixteen_o the_o last_o of_o these_o synod_n it_o do_v evident_o appear_v as_o for_o their_o provincial_a synod_n they_o be_v not_o indeed_o always_o summon_v by_o the_o express_a particular_a order_n of_o those_o prince_n but_o yet_o even_a these_o be_v hold_v by_o virtue_n of_o that_o authority_n which_o the_o three_o great_a council_n of_o toledo_n under_o tolet._n reccaredus_n before_o mention_v have_v give_v to_o they_o it_o be_v by_o virtue_n of_o this_o allowance_n that_o the_o synod_n of_o narbonne_n and_o saragosa_n 592._o be_v assemble_v and_o in_o both_o which_o for_o that_o reason_n it_o be_v say_v that_o they_o meet_v according_a to_o the_o order_n of_o that_o prince_n and_o to_o the_o appointment_n of_o that_o council_n 2._o and_o the_o same_o authority_n which_o these_o 9_o king_n use_v in_o spain_n do_v their_o next_o neighbour_n the_o suevian_a prince_n exercise_n in_o galaecia_n during_o the_o time_n of_o their_o empire_n there_o the_o second_o council_n of_o braga_n the_o metropolis_n praef._n of_o that_o country_n be_v express_o declare_v to_o have_v meet_v at_o the_o command_n of_o ariamirus_n or_o as_o some_o have_v rather_o think_v of_o theodimirus_fw-la their_o king_n it_o be_v by_o the_o same_o authority_n that_o the_o synod_n of_o lugo_n not_o long_o after_o be_v assemble_v 607._o to_o divide_v the_o country_n into_o several_a province_n and_o to_o erect_v a_o great_a number_n of_o bishopric_n in_o it_o and_o when_o by_o virtue_n of_o this_o division_n the_o clergy_n of_o that_o country_n be_v come_v together_o in_o two_o provincial_a synod_n under_o their_o respective_a metropolitan_o according_a to_o the_o ancient_a canon_n in_o that_o behalf_n miro_n his_o successor_n order_v praefat._n they_o to_o meet_v both_o together_o in_o a_o general_n council_n at_o braga_n and_o there_o agree_v upon_o such_o constitution_n as_o they_o shall_v find_v the_o necessity_n of_o the_o church_n to_o require_v 3._o if_o from_o hence_o we_o cross_v over_o to_o the_o 10._o kingdom_n of_o burgundy_n we_o shall_v find_v those_o prince_n in_o possession_n of_o the_o same_o right_n over_o their_o synod_n that_o the_o other_o king_n have_v be_v show_v to_o have_v exercise_v the_o inscription_n of_o the_o second_o council_n of_o lion_n assemble_v about_o the_o year_n 567_o show_v that_o it_o be_v call_v by_o the_o command_n of_o guntramn_v their_o king_n who_o also_o not_o long_o after_o assemble_v another_o synod_n at_o challon_n as_o gregory_n of_o tours_n inform_v we_o 28._o it_o be_v by_o the_o order_n of_o the_o same_o guntramn_v that_o the_o great_a council_n of_o mascon_n 581._o be_v hold_v and_o when_o that_o have_v not_o sufficient_o restore_v the_o discipline_n of_o the_o church_n he_o not_o only_o assemble_v another_o at_o 1._o lion_n but_o more_o in_o several_a other_o place_n etc._n at_o valence_n poitiers_n mascon_n etc._n etc._n all_o who_o act_v express_o avow_v the_o authority_n by_o which_o they_o meet_v 4._o in_o germany_n carloman_n first_o and_o then_o 11._o charles_n the_o emperor_n as_o they_o be_v the_o great_a restorer_n of_o religion_n and_o assertor_n of_o the_o discipline_n of_o the_o church_n so_o will_v they_o afford_v we_o a_o sufficient_a proof_n of_o the_o prince_n authority_n in_o this_o particular_a it_o be_v the_o former_a of_o these_o who_o with_o the_o advice_n of_o his_o clergy_n and_o noble_n praef_n call_v the_o council_n of_o ratisbon_n which_o be_v account_v among_o the_o first_o of_o germany_n an._n 742._o and_o how_o the_o other_o continue_v 1152._o by_o the_o same_o authority_n to_o summon_v the_o like_a assembly_n the_o several_a synod_n of_o worm_n valenciennes_n aix_n la_o chappelle_n but_o especial_o the_o two_o great_a council_n of_o praefat._n mentz_n and_o i._n frankford_n in_o the_o latter_a of_o which_o not_o only_o the_o bishop_n of_o germany_n but_o of_o france_n and_o aquitain_n be_v assemble_v together_o and_o over_o all_o who_o charles_n the_o emperor_n preside_v abundant_o show_v no_o soon_o be_v this_o great_a prince_n dead_a but_o ludovicus_n pius_n his_o successor_n after_o his_o example_n call_v together_o his_o clergy_n to_o aix-la-chappelle_a for_o the_o correction_n of_o 816._o the_o negligence_n and_o ignorance_n of_o the_o bishop_n and_o for_o the_o better_a regulate_v of_o the_o life_n of_o the_o clergy_n and_o have_v full_o determine_v ibid._n whatsoever_o be_v think_v expedient_a in_o order_n thereunto_o he_o command_v a_o strict_a obedience_n to_o be_v pay_v to_o the_o constitution_n which_o have_v be_v make_v by_o they_o and_o when_o this_o do_v not_o yet_o sufficient_o correct_v the_o abuse_n of_o those_o time_n he_o not_o only_o summon_v a_o second_o council_n to_o meet_v at_o the_o 836._o same_o place_n but_o be_v meet_v he_o propose_v to_o they_o such_o head_n as_o he_o conceive_v to_o be_v far_a necessary_a with_o respect_n both_o to_o the_o life_n and_o doctrine_n of_o the_o bishop_n and_o clergy_n and_o order_v the_o
all_o right_a and_o justice_n on_o purpose_n that_o he_o may_v oppress_v they_o so_o to_o do_v they_o yet_o submit_v to_o his_o command_n and_o choose_v rather_o to_o suffer_v by_o their_o obedience_n than_o to_o usurp_v a_o authority_n which_o they_o be_v sensible_a do_v not_o belong_v to_o them_o but_o lest_o this_o shall_v be_v think_v to_o have_v be_v only_o the_o perverseness_n of_o a_o heretical_a prince_n we_o shall_v find_v the_o same_o power_n both_o claim_v and_o exercise_v by_o the_o most_o orthodox_n emperor_n and_o such_o as_o be_v in_o all_o respect_n the_o most_o zealous_a for_o the_o church_n interest_n when_o eutyches_n begin_v to_o corrupt_v the_o christian_a faith_n and_o it_o be_v think_v necessary_a that_o a_o general_n council_n shall_v be_v call_v to_o put_v a_o stop_n to_o his_o error_n leo_n 〈…〉_z bishop_n of_o rome_n petition_v theodosius_n with_o all_o imaginable_a earnestness_n that_o he_o will_v consent_v to_o let_v a_o synod_n be_v assemble_v in_o italy_n for_o the_o judge_n of_o it_o this_o the_o emperor_n utter_o refuse_v to_o do_v and_o order_v the_o council_n to_o be_v hold_v at_o ephesus_n and_o the_o good_a bishop_n be_v so_o far_o from_o complain_v of_o it_o that_o he_o submit_v to_o his_o summons_n and_o thank_v he_o that_o he_o will_v at_o least_o vouchsafe_v to_o have_v it_o there_o and_o when_o by_o the_o practice_n of_o dioscorus_n that_o council_n answer_v not_o what_o be_v expect_v from_o it_o the_o same_o leo_n not_o only_o 〈…〉_z supplicate_v the_o emperor_n again_o with_o tear_n and_o groan_n in_o the_o name_n of_o all_o the_o bishop_n of_o the_o west_n that_o he_o will_v command_v another_o council_n to_o be_v hold_v somewhere_o in_o the_o west_n to_o determine_v that_o affair_n but_o moreover_o engage_v valentinian_n and_o eudoxia_n his_o wife_n with_o many_o other_o of_o the_o great_a note_n to_o join_v in_o the_o same_o request_n with_o he_o but_o theodosius_n not_o 〈…〉_z only_o now_o refuse_v he_o as_o to_o the_o place_n but_o deny_v he_o as_o to_o the_o call_n of_o any_o other_o synod_n nor_o will_v he_o be_v persuade_v to_o suffer_v any_o other_o to_o meet_v as_o long_o as_o he_o live_v and_o this_o bring_v i_o to_o a_o 2d_o observation_n 15._o which_o ought_v to_o be_v take_v notice_n of_o upon_o this_o occasion_n viz._n that_o whenever_o the_o civil_a magistrate_n have_v refuse_v to_o call_v a_o synod_n though_o the_o affair_n of_o the_o church_n have_v never_o so_o much_o seem_v to_o stand_v in_o need_n of_o one_o and_o the_o bishop_n have_v never_o so_o earnest_o desire_v one_o yet_o have_v they_o quiet_o submit_v to_o the_o refusal_n and_o not_o presume_v on_o any_o pretence_n of_o right_n which_o they_o have_v in_o themselves_o to_o meet_v together_o without_o his_o leave_n or_o against_o his_o consent_n so_o liberius_n and_o the_o catholic_n bishop_n do_v to_o constantius_n first_o and_o leo_n and_o the_o western_a bishop_n to_o theodosius_n afterward_o and_o i_o believe_v it_o will_v be_v difficult_a in_o those_o best_a and_o most_o early_a time_n of_o the_o church_n to_o find_v out_o any_o instance_n wherein_o the_o orthodox_n bishop_n have_v ever_o depart_v from_o this_o rule_n or_o which_o be_v much_o the_o same_o thing_n have_v ever_o be_v justify_v by_o the_o church_n in_o those_o case_n in_o which_o they_o have_v depart_v from_o it_o nay_o but_o 3_o though_o the_o council_n of_o nice_a first_o and_o after_o that_o several_z other_z 16._o synod_n provide_v for_o the_o constant_a meeting_n of_o provincial_a council_n at_o a_o certain_a season_n every_o year_n and_o these_o be_v allow_v of_o by_o the_o emperor_n and_o other_o prince_n who_o confirm_v those_o canon_n and_o approve_v of_o what_o they_o have_v define_v may_v seem_v to_o have_v put_v these_o kind_n of_o synod_n at_o least_o out_o of_o their_o power_n yet_o even_o in_o these_o we_o find_v they_o still_o continue_v to_o exercise_n their_o authority_n and_o not_o suffer_v even_o such_o council_n to_o be_v hold_v without_o their_o leave_n or_o against_o their_o consent_n i_o have_v before_o observe_v how_o theodosius_n the_o emperor_n restrain_v theodoret_n when_o he_o think_v he_o too_o buisy_n in_o call_v together_o the_o bishop_n to_o these_o lesser_a synod_n and_o when_o in_o after_o time_n wolfolendus_fw-la bishop_n of_o bourge_n summon_v a_o provincial_a council_n according_a to_o these_o canon_n to_o meet_v at_o the_o begin_n of_o september_n yet_o 143._o have_v neglect_v to_o consult_v the_o king_n pleasure_n in_o it_o we_o find_v sigebert_n for_o that_o reason_n alone_o send_v a_o prohibition_n to_o his_o bishop_n to_o go_v to_o it_o and_o it_o be_v worthy_a our_o notice_n for_o what_o reason_n he_o put_v a_o stop_n to_o its_o assemble_v he_o profess_v he_o be_v well_o content_a that_o they_o shall_v meet_v some_o other_o time_n always_o provide_v that_o they_o first_o make_v he_o acquaint_v with_o it_o that_o so_o he_o may_v consider_v whether_o he_o shall_v allow_v of_o it_o as_o proper_a either_o for_o the_o state_n of_o the_o church_n or_o for_o the_o benefit_n of_o the_o kingdom_n or_o otherwise_o fit_a to_o be_v consent_v to_o and_o therefore_o when_o the_o five_o council_n 26._o of_o paris_n have_v resolve_v that_o it_o be_v expedient_a that_o provincial_a synod_n shall_v be_v hold_v every_o year_n according_a to_o the_o order_n of_o the_o church_n and_o the_o canonical_a custom_n establish_v in_o it_o they_o make_v it_o their_o request_n to_o lovis_n the_o emperor_n and_o lotharius_n 11._o his_o son_n that_o they_o will_v consent_v that_o at_o a_o fit_a season_n every_o year_n they_o may_v be_v assemble_v this_o request_n be_v again_o renew_v some_o year_n after_o in_o another_o synod_n and_o yet_o notwithstanding_o these_o general_a permission_n before_o they_o do_v 7._o come_v together_o they_o be_v to_o have_v a_o particular_a warrant_n for_o their_o so_o do_v as_o be_v evident_a from_o the_o act_n of_o the_o synod_n of_o soissons_fw-fr which_o be_v hold_v about_o the_o same_o pit_n time_n that_o those_o very_a order_n i_o have_v now_o mention_v be_v make_v so_o entire_o have_v the_o assemble_v of_o synod_n be_v look_v upon_o to_o depend_v upon_o the_o will_n and_o authority_n of_o the_o christian_a prince_n but_o this_o be_v not_o all_o for_o 4thly_a when_o it_o be_v resolve_v that_o a_o 17._o synod_n shall_v be_v hold_v the_o prince_n evermore_o either_o determine_v or_o allow_v both_o the_o time_n and_o place_n of_o their_o meeting_n this_o be_v evident_a from_o the_o very_a act_n of_o all_o those_o synod_n of_o which_o any_o perfect_a accout_n remain_v to_o we_o and_o be_v most_o apparent_o confirm_v by_o the_o history_n of_o the_o most_o ancient_a council_n of_o the_o church_n i_o have_v before_o observe_v how_o theodosius_n not_o only_o appoint_v the_o council_n which_o he_o have_v order_v to_o meet_v about_o the_o affair_n of_o eutyches_n to_o assemble_v at_o ephesus_n but_o utter_o refuse_v the_o request_n of_o leo_n and_o his_o bishop_n who_o earnest_o desire_v it_o may_v have_v be_v hold_v in_o italy_n but_o marcian_n 568._o the_o emperor_n go_v far_o he_o not_o only_o summon_v the_o four_o general_n council_n to_o nice_a first_o and_o then_o to_o chalcedon_n though_o request_v in_o like_a manner_n as_o theodosius_n have_v be_v by_o the_o bishop_n of_o rome_n and_o his_o suffragans_fw-la that_o it_o may_v meet_v in_o italy_n but_o when_o be_v press_v in_o time_n leo_n petition_v the_o emperor_n that_o he_o will_v defer_v it_o but_o a_o little_a while_n for_o his_o great_a convenience_n marcian_n refuse_v he_o that_o also_o and_o the_o good_a man_n content_o yield_v to_o he_o in_o both_o such_o power_n do_v the_o ancient_a emperor_n assume_v to_o themselves_o over_o their_o bishop_n as_o to_o these_o circumstance_n nor_o do_v the_o iv_o follow_a prince_n claim_v any_o less_o when_o pepin_n resolve_v that_o two_o synod_n shall_v be_v hold_v in_o france_n every_o year_n he_o not_o only_o specify_v the_o time_n for_o both_o viz._n the_o first_o of_o march_n and_o of_o october_n but_o reserve_v the_o nomination_n of_o the_o place_n where_o the_o former_a shall_v meet_v to_o his_o own_o appointment_n and_o for_o that_o of_o the_o latter_a determine_v 624._o that_o it_o shall_v either_o be_v at_o soissons_fw-fr or_o at_o such_o other_o place_n as_o the_o bishop_n shall_v agree_v upon_o in_o their_o first_o assembly_n and_o ludovicus_n pius_n have_v think_v fit_a for_o the_o better_a settle_v of_o the_o ecclesiastical_a discipline_n to_o have_v four_o synod_n meet_v at_o once_o that_o so_o they_o may_v separately_z consider_v of_o the_o state_n of_o the_o church_n and_o then_o their_o opinion_n be_v altogether_o lay_v before_o he_o in_o one_o common_a view_n not_o only_o order_v this_o distribution_n of_o they_o but_o determine_v withal_o
first_o place_n resolve_v that_o a_o synod_n shall_v be_v hold_v every_o year_n and_o that_o the_o emperor_n 145._o be_v present_a the_o decree_n of_o the_o canon_n and_o the_o right_n of_o the_o church_n shall_v be_v renew_v and_o the_o christian_a religion_n be_v amend_v and_o how_o far_o the_o design_n of_o this_o canon_n be_v to_o extend_v may_v at_o large_a be_v see_v in_o the_o injunction_n make_v thereupon_o by_o the_o emperor_n which_o we_o find_v in_o the_o collection_n of_o the_o same_o capitulary_n according_a to_o the_o edition_n of_o benedictus_n levita_n pag._n 823._o num._n two_o ibid._n and_o now_o if_o from_o germany_n we_o pass_v into_o 30._o france_n we_o shall_v there_o also_o meet_v with_o the_o like_a practice_n it_o be_v the_o constant_a method_n of_o charles_n the_o great_a in_o that_o kingdom_n as_o well_o as_o in_o the_o empire_n to_o preside_v over_o his_o clergy_n thus_o we_o see_v he_o do_v in_o most_o of_o those_o synod_n who_o act_n remain_v to_o we_o and_o in_o a_o ancient_a ms._n of_o st._n 1036._o germains_n wherein_o the_o canon_n of_o the_o bishop_n of_o langre_n be_v transcribe_v the_o first_o chapter_n carry_v this_o inscription_n out_o of_o the_o council_n of_o bishop_n where_o charles_n the_o emperor_n preside_v and_o charles_n the_o bald_a not_o 80._o only_o sit_v in_o the_o second_o council_n of_o soissons_fw-fr anno_fw-la 853_o but_o propose_v to_o the_o father_n what_o he_o desire_v they_o shall_v debate_v about_o and_o oftentimes_o prescribe_v to_o their_o very_a resolution_n also_o from_o what_o have_v be_v say_v i_o may_v now_o i_o conceive_v take_v it_o for_o grant_v that_o the_o 31._o prince_n have_v a_o right_a either_o to_o preside_v over_o his_o synod_n in_o person_n or_o if_o he_o rather_o think_v fit_a to_o appoint_v his_o commissioner_n to_o do_v it_o in_o his_o stead_n the_o only_a difficulty_n will_v be_v to_o determine_v how_o far_o he_o may_v be_v account_v a_o part_n of_o the_o synod_n and_o be_v allow_v not_o only_o to_o preside_v over_o it_o but_o also_o to_o sit_v and_o vote_n in_o it_o and_o one_a as_o i_o have_v observe_v that_o one_o great_a end_n of_o his_o sit_v there_o be_v to_o keep_v the_o public_a peace_n and_o to_o see_v that_o all_o thing_n be_v regular_o and_o quiet_o transact_v by_o the_o bishop_n and_o clergy_n in_o they_o so_o it_o must_v also_o be_v allow_v that_o he_o have_v all_o that_o power_n over_o they_o that_o be_v necessary_a for_o the_o obtain_n of_o this_o end_n he_o may_v therefore_o without_o controversy_n commend_v the_o modest_a and_o ingenuous_a reprove_v the_o factious_a may_v keep_v all_o to_o their_o proper_a business_n and_o not_o suffer_v they_o to_o wander_v into_o other_o matter_n or_o pursue_v any_o other_o method_n than_o what_o he_o have_v prescribe_v to_o them_o and_o if_o any_o shall_v become_v so_o disorderly_a as_o to_o need_v it_o he_o may_v as_o the_o ancient_a emperor_n do_v not_o only_o commit_v such_o turbulent_a seditious_a person_n to_o safe_a custody_n and_o punish_v they_o according_a to_o the_o nature_n of_o their_o offence_n but_o if_o need_v be_v may_v annul_v the_o act_n that_o be_v so_o tumultuous_o and_o irregular_o do_v by_o them_o 2_o in_o the_o debate_n of_o every_o such_o synod_n of_o whatever_o kind_n they_o be_v the_o prince_n may_v free_o join_v with_o the_o synod_n and_o offer_v any_o objection_n or_o propose_v any_o difficulty_n he_o shall_v think_v fit_a in_o order_n to_o his_o being_n better_o convince_v of_o the_o truth_n of_o what_o be_v to_o be_v believe_v or_o of_o the_o expediency_n of_o what_o be_v determine_v by_o it_o for_o prince_n be_v man_n of_o reason_n and_o capacity_n as_o well_o as_o bishop_n and_o priest_n and_o when_o a_o matter_n be_v debate_v may_v be_v as_o capable_a of_o make_v a_o sound_a judgement_n as_o any_o one_o that_o be_v there_o assemble_v it_o have_v i_o know_v be_v specious_o object_v against_o this_o that_o prince_n have_v common_o other_o thing_n to_o do_v than_o to_o study_v divinity_n to_o read_v commentator_n father_n council_n and_o the_o like_a book_n which_o be_v the_o proper_a subject_n of_o the_o clergy_n meditation_n this_o indeed_o be_v true_a nor_o shall_v i_o go_v about_o to_o deny_v it_o but_o be_v they_o sure_a it_o be_v necessary_a that_o the_o prince_n shall_v have_v study_v all_o these_o book_n to_o be_v able_a to_o make_v a_o sound_a judgement_n of_o what_o may_v be_v allege_v out_o of_o they_o may_v not_o a_o point_n be_v propose_v and_o scripture_n be_v quote_v and_o antiquity_n allege_v and_o learned_a man_n canvas_v these_o matter_n so_o long_o till_o a_o slander_n by_o who_o be_v endue_v with_o a_o good_a natural_a judgement_n shall_v be_v able_a very_o evident_o to_o discern_v on_o which_o side_n the_o truth_n and_o authority_n lie_v if_o not_o i_o be_o sure_a the_o generality_n of_o christian_n will_v be_v leave_v under_o very_o hard_a circumstance_n who_o must_v at_o last_o believe_v as_o the_o church_n believe_v and_o pin_v their_o faith_n upon_o the_o authority_n of_o their_o clergy_n and_o neither_o be_v allow_v to_o judge_v of_o the_o ground_n of_o it_o nor_o if_o once_o in_o a_o error_n be_v capable_a of_o ever_o be_v convince_v of_o it_o but_o if_o therefore_o it_o must_v be_v confess_v that_o a_o argument_n may_v be_v manage_v by_o learned_a man_n in_o such_o wise_a as_o to_o convince_v those_o that_o be_v not_o learned_a on_o which_o side_n the_o truth_n lie_v then_o certain_o the_o prince_n may_v also_o be_v capable_a of_o discern_v whether_o his_o synod_n have_v reason_n for_o their_o definition_n or_o not_o though_o he_o have_v not_o perhaps_o himself_o read_v so_o much_o divinity_n as_o to_o be_v able_a to_o enter_v into_o the_o learned_a part_n of_o the_o debate_n with_o the_o father_n of_o it_o whether_o therefore_o it_o be_v a_o matter_n of_o faith_n or_o a_o matter_n of_o discipline_n i_o see_v no_o reason_n why_o the_o prince_n if_o he_o think_v fit_a may_v not_o only_o be_v present_a when_o the_o synod_n debate_v about_o it_o but_o may_v not_o also_o enter_v into_o the_o merit_n of_o the_o cause_n with_o they_o and_o propose_v his_o doubt_n and_o manage_v his_o argument_n and_o do_v whatsoever_o be_v requisite_a to_o his_o full_a information_n and_o satisfaction_n concern_v it_o and_o have_v do_v this_o i_o add_v three_o that_o as_o charles_n the_o emperor_n do_v in_o the_o great_a synod_n of_o frankford_n so_o may_v every_o other_o christian_a prince_n if_o he_o please_v do_v still_o i_o mean_v may_v vote_n with_o they_o in_o such_o thing_n as_o concern_v the_o discipline_n of_o the_o church_n because_o in_o these_o both_o the_o right_n of_o the_o people_n and_o the_o power_n of_o the_o prince_n be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n very_o near_o concern_v whether_o the_o prince_n may_v judicial_o concur_v with_o the_o clergy_n in_o their_o decision_n in_o matter_n of_o faith_n i_o do_v not_o think_v it_o worth_a the_o while_n to_o dispute_v thus_o much_o i_o dare_v confident_o affirm_v that_o if_o he_o may_v not_o judge_v with_o they_o he_o not_o only_o may_v but_o must_v judge_n after_o they_o for_o as_o much_o as_o he_o be_v not_o only_o concern_v in_o common_a with_o his_o subject_n to_o believe_v aright_o but_o as_o a_o christian_a prince_n aught_o to_o assert_v the_o right_a faith_n too_o and_o do_v what_o in_o he_o lie_v to_o promote_v the_o belief_n and_o profession_n of_o it_o in_o his_o dominion_n for_o give_v i_o leave_v thus_o far_o to_o anticipate_v what_o i_o shall_v present_o have_v occasion_n more_o particular_o to_o consider_v when_o the_o synod_n have_v settle_v the_o doctrine_n of_o faith_n and_o frame_v as_o they_o conceive_v a_o just_a and_o orthodox_n confession_n of_o it_o be_v it_o the_o duty_n of_o the_o prince_n to_o receive_v and_o give_v countenance_n to_o their_o definition_n or_o be_v it_o not_o to_o say_v that_o it_o be_v not_o be_v to_o sink_v the_o credit_n of_o such_o meeting_n very_o low_o indeed_o and_o to_o make_v their_o assemble_v of_o very_o little_a consequence_n if_o when_o they_o have_v do_v all_o they_o can_v to_o fix_v the_o doctrine_n of_o the_o church_n neither_o the_o prince_n have_v any_o obligation_n to_o support_v their_o definition_n nor_o the_o people_n to_o receive_v it_o but_o if_o when_o the_o synod_n have_v do_v and_o their_o sentence_n be_v pass_v and_o perhaps_o their_o anathema_n too_o have_v be_v thunder_v out_o against_o all_o that_o shall_v presume_v to_o call_v their_o decision_n in_o question_n the_o prince_n be_v oblige_v to_o add_v his_o sanction_n to_o their_o definition_n then_o i_o hope_v they_o will_v think_v it_o to_o be_v their_o duty_n in_o order_n to_o his_o confirm_v their_o decree_n with_o a_o good_a conscience_n to_o convince_v he_o of_o
those_o day_n of_o which_o i_o be_o at_o present_a to_o discourse_v be_v brief_o this_o 1._o they_o have_v every_o year_n a_o general_n council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n make_v up_o of_o the_o chief_a man_n both_o in_o honour_n and_o employ_v whether_o civil_a or_o ecclesiastical_a and_o therein_o law_n be_v make_v with_o the_o assent_n of_o the_o prince_n both_o for_o the_o church_n and_o state_n in_o matter_n pure_o spiritual_a such_o as_o the_o article_n of_o christian_a faith_n the_o clergy_n advise_v alone_o and_o what_o be_v upon_o their_o advice_n determine_v by_o the_o prince_n become_v a_o law_n as_o to_o those_o matter_n in_o matter_n of_o a_o mix_v nature_n as_o in_o regulate_v the_o discipline_n of_o the_o church_n the_o great_a lord_n deliberate_v together_o with_o the_o bishop_n and_o the_o prince_n confirm_v what_o by_o the_o common_a advice_n and_o consent_v of_o both_o be_v recommend_v to_o he_o but_o because_o it_o may_v so_o fall_v out_o that_o some_o affair_n may_v arise_v which_o neither_o can_v be_v foresee_v at_o those_o general_a meeting_n nor_o may_v be_v defer_v till_o their_o next_o assemble_v therefore_o 2._o to_o prevent_v any_o inconvenience_n that_o may_v happen_v by_o this_o mean_n there_o be_v another_o great_a council_n hold_v every_o year_n make_v up_o of_o a_o select_a number_n of_o those_o who_o come_v to_o the_o general_n assembly_n and_o by_o they_o be_v such_o matter_n determine_v after_o the_o same_o manner_n and_o with_o the_o concurrence_n of_o the_o same_o authority_n by_o which_o the_o other_o proceed_v such_o be_v the_o method_n of_o proceed_v 10._o in_o these_o public_a affair_n abroad_o and_o the_o same_o be_v in_o effect_n the_o polity_n of_o our_o own_o country_n under_o the_o government_n of_o our_o saxon_a prince_n they_o have_v their_o general_n council_n first_o in_o which_o they_o deliberate_v of_o all_o public_a matter_n and_o these_o council_n consist_v of_o the_o archbishop_n bishop_n and_o abbot_n of_o the_o clergy_n and_o of_o the_o wiseman_n great-man_n alder-man_n count_n that_o be_v to_o say_v of_o the_o chief_a of_o the_o laity_n indifferent_o call_v in_o those_o time_n by_o any_o or_o all_o these_o name_n in_o these_o council_n they_o debate_v both_o of_o civil_a and_o ecclesiastical_a affair_n and_o make_v law_n with_o the_o prince_n consent_n and_o concurrence_n for_o the_o order_v of_o both_o and_o this_o they_o do_v as_o far_o as_o i_o can_v judge_v after_o the_o like_a manner_n that_o we_o have_v see_v the_o french_a be_v wont_a to_o do_v the_o bishop_n and_o clergy_n advise_v apart_o in_o matter_n pure_o spiritual_a but_o the_o great-man_n debate_v together_o with_o they_o in_o civil_a and_o mix_v affair_n and_o in_o which_o the_o interest_n of_o the_o state_n be_v concern_v as_o well_o as_o that_o of_o the_o church_n thus_o athelstan_n when_o he_o publish_v his_o bed_n ecclesiastical_a law_n tell_v we_o that_o he_o do_v it_o with_o the_o counsel_n of_o his_o bishop_n but_o when_o he_o come_v to_o his_o other_o constitution_n we_o find_v from_o their_o subscription_n that_o his_o noble_n as_o well_o as_o bishop_n be_v present_a 53._o and_o that_o both_o assist_v at_o the_o make_n of_o them_o whether_o beside_o these_o general_a council_n 11._o there_o be_v not_o in_o those_o time_n some_o more_o particular_a one_o with_o we_o as_o there_o be_v in_o france_n i_o shall_v not_o undertake_v to_o say_v that_o in_o process_n of_o time_n there_o be_v we_o be_v very_o sure_a and_o to_o which_o such_o only_a of_o the_o bishop_n and_o great-man_n be_v call_v as_o the_o prince_n think_v sit_v to_o advise_v with_o indeed_o as_o to_o any_o settle_a time_n of_o these_o council_n meet_v it_o do_v not_o appear_v that_o as_o yet_o there_o be_v any_o fix_v though_o afterward_o a_o custom_n begin_v to_o be_v introduce_v of_o hold_v these_o great_a council_n once_o every_o year_n but_o yet_o within_o this_o period_n our_o prince_n begin_v very_o solemn_o to_o keep_v the_o three_o great_a festival_n of_o the_o year_n with_o their_o bishop_n and_o lord_n and_o by_o that_o mean_n in_o some_o sort_n hold_v a_o council_n three_o time_n every_o year_n with_o them_o it_o be_v true_a our_o ancient_a law_n make_v mention_n xxxv_o of_o a_o solemn_a assembly_n that_o be_v convene_v every_o year_n upon_o the_o first_o of_o may_n in_o which_o the_o chief_a both_o of_o the_o clergy_n and_o laity_n meet_v together_o and_o this_o differ_v but_o little_a from_o such_o a_o council_n as_o we_o be_v now_o speak_v of_o but_o yet_o it_o do_v not_o appear_v that_o in_o these_o meeting_n gemotum_fw-la any_o great_a affair_n of_o state_n be_v transact_v much_o less_o any_o law_n make_v but_o rather_o the_o main_a business_n that_o be_v do_v in_o they_o be_v solemn_o to_o renew_v their_o oath_n of_o fidelity_n to_o the_o king_n and_o for_o the_o maintenance_n of_o the_o law_n already_o make_v but_o though_o the_o great_a part_n of_o what_o 13._o concern_v the_o church_n be_v therefore_o transact_v with_o we_o as_o it_o be_v abroad_o in_o these_o state_n council_n yet_o it_o can_v be_v doubt_v but_o that_o within_o this_o period_n there_o be_v hold_v several_a ecclesiastical_a convocation_n or_o synod_n proper_o so_o call_v to_o these_o not_o only_o the_o archbishop_n and_o bishop_n be_v admit_v but_o the_o abbot_n and_o other_o clergy_n be_v call_v insomuch_o that_o in_o some_o of_o they_o we_o find_v priest_n deacon_n and_o monk_n and_o even_o abbess_v also_o mention_v and_o beside_o these_o not_o only_o the_o prince_n be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n present_a but_o oftentime_o his_o nobility_n together_o with_o he_o in_o these_o synod_n sometime_o the_o canonical_a discipline_n be_v enforce_v and_o matter_n of_o faith_n establish_v but_o general_o they_o meet_v for_o other_o purpose_n and_o do_v little_o more_o than_o either_o confirm_v the_o estate_n or_o privilege_n of_o some_o religious_a house_n or_o transact_v the_o like_a particular_a affair_n and_o still_o the_o general_n concern_v of_o religion_n be_v settle_v either_o by_o the_o bishop_n and_o abbot_n apart_o or_o else_o by_o they_o together_o with_o the_o great_a man_n in_o the_o common-council_n or_o parliament_n of_o the_o realm_n and_o now_o have_v say_v thus_o much_o to_o clear_v the_o way_n for_o a_o right_a understanding_n of_o the_o method_n in_o which_o ecclesiastical_a affair_n be_v wont_a to_o be_v transact_v in_o those_o time_n in_o which_o christianity_n first_o begin_v to_o be_v settle_v among_o we_o by_o our_o saxon_a ancestor_n i_o shall_v go_v on_o to_o take_v a_o short_a view_n of_o the_o most_o considerable_a assembly_n whether_o synod_n or_o council_n that_o be_v hold_v in_o this_o country_n before_o the_o time_n of_o the_o norman_a conquest_n it_o be_v about_o the_o year_n of_o christ_n 596_o chron._n that_o austin_n the_o monk_n have_v determine_v to_o undertake_v the_o conversion_n of_o the_o saxon_n in_o these_o part_n with_o the_o leave_v of_o pope_n gregory_n arrive_v here_o and_o have_v with_o good_a success_n persuade_v ethelbert_n king_n of_o kent_n to_o become_v his_o proselyte_n he_o from_o thenceforth_o begin_v to_o have_v a_o very_a great_a authority_n with_o he_o we_o be_v tell_v by_o a_o monkish_a historian_n 1614_o that_o about_o the_o year_n of_o our_o lord_n 605_o that_o king_n be_v now_o full_o confirm_v in_o the_o christian_a faith_n do_v with_o bertha_n his_o queen_n and_o eadbald_a his_o son_n and_o with_o austin_n his_o bishop_n and_o the_o great_a lord_n of_o his_o land_n solemn_o keep_v his_o christmas_n at_o canterbury_n and_o there_o in_o a_o common_a council_n both_o of_o his_o clergy_n and_o people_n he_o endow_v the_o monastery_n which_o austin_n have_v found_v in_o that_o city_n and_o grant_v several_a large_a privilege_n and_o immunity_n to_o it_o i_o have_v before_o observe_v that_o it_o be_v a_o ancient_a custom_n of_o our_o king_n to_o keep_v the_o three_o great_a festival_n of_o the_o year_n with_o a_o extraordinary_a state_n and_o solemnity_n their_o bishop_n and_o great_a man_n attend_v upon_o they_o and_o they_o appear_v in_o the_o high_a pomp_n of_o majesty_n they_o can_v put_v on_o among_o they_o and_o take_v those_o occasion_n to_o transact_v such_o affair_n as_o they_o think_v expedient_a for_o the_o public_a welfare_n if_o there_o be_v any_o credit_n to_o be_v give_v to_o this_o relation_n for_o which_o i_o dare_v not_o answer_v then_o we_o must_v look_v upon_o this_o to_o have_v be_v such_o a_o civil_a council_n sure_o we_o be_v that_o in_o aftertime_n many_o be_v hold_v of_o the_o like_a kind_a but_o though_o in_o these_o day_n the_o affair_n of_o the_o church_n be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n determine_v in_o such_o meeting_n yet_o i_o have_v before_o say_v that_o some_o synod_n they_o have_v which_o be_v proper_o ecclesiastical_a and_o
enormity_n have_v break_v out_o and_o there_o be_v none_o to_o suppress_v they_o they_o have_v by_o a_o evil_a custom_n grow_v to_o too_o great_a a_o height_n to_o which_o the_o king_n answer_v of_o this_o i_o will_v determine_v when_o i_o see_v fit_a and_o that_o at_o my_o own_o pleasure_n not_o at_o you_o and_o he_o keep_v his_o word_n with_o he_o for_o 2373._o during_o his_o whole_a reign_n there_o be_v no_o ecclesiastical_a synod_n hold_v in_o england_n but_o what_o this_o king_n deny_v the_o next_o i._n ready_o comply_v with_o for_o in_o the_o second_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n he_o consent_v to_o the_o desire_n of_o anselm_n to_o call_v a_o synod_n and_o according_o at_o michaelmas_n anno_fw-la 1102_o 58._o a_o convocation_n meet_v in_o st._n peter_n church_n near_o london_n at_o this_o synod_n not_o only_o the_o king_n but_o all_o his_o noble_n be_v present_a the_o archbishop_n desire_v they_o may_v be_v full_o satisfy_v in_o the_o order_n which_o shall_v be_v make_v to_o the_o end_n they_o may_v the_o more_o ready_o afterward_o concur_v with_o the_o bishop_n in_o the_o enforcement_n 732._o of_o they_o for_o so_o the_o iniquity_n of_o those_o time_n require_v in_o which_o for_o want_v of_o synod_n vice_n be_v grow_v to_o a_o extraordinary_a height_n and_o the_o fervour_n of_o christianity_n be_v much_o abate_v it_o be_v a_o long_a time_n after_o this_o before_o any_o other_o ecclesiastical_a synod_n be_v hold_v in_o this_o country_n but_o then_o there_o meet_v one_o of_o a_o extraordinary_a nature_n and_o which_o i_o must_v take_v particular_a notice_n of_o because_o that_o in_o it_o be_v make_v the_o first_o considerable_a invasion_n upon_o the_o prince_n authority_n as_o to_o this_o matter_n in_o these_o part_n pope_n honorius_n have_v appoint_v jo._n de_fw-fr crema_fw-la to_o go_v as_o his_o legate_n into_o england_n 30._o he_o meet_v the_o king_n in_o normandy_n and_o after_o have_v be_v stop_v for_o some_o time_n by_o he_o manage_v his_o business_n so_o well_o as_o to_o obtain_v the_o king_n permission_n to_o come_v over_o hither_o be_v arrive_v here_o he_o assemble_v a_o national_a council_n by_o his_o 32._o legatine_n authority_n anno_fw-la 1125._o and_o the_o method_n he_o take_v of_o do_v of_o it_o be_v worth_a our_o notice_n it_o be_v the_o first_o instance_n we_o have_v of_o any_o thing_n of_o this_o nature_n that_o be_v attempt_v here_o the_o legate_n assume_v to_o himself_o the_o king_n prerogative_n command_v the_o archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n to_o issue_n out_o his_o writ_n for_o the_o call_v of_o it_o this_o the_o archbishop_n be_v force_v to_o submit_v to_o yet_o be_v 33._o desirous_a to_o maintain_v his_o own_o authority_n as_o well_o as_o he_o can_v he_o draw_v up_o the_o writ_n in_o these_o word_n william_n etc._n etc._n archbishop_n of_o cant._n to_o urban_n bishop_n of_o landaff_n health_n i_o signify_v to_o you_o by_o this_o letter_n that_o john_n cardinal_z priest_z and_o legate_n of_o the_o roman_a church_n have_v by_o our_o order_n and_o connivance_n design_v to_o hold_v a_o council_n at_o london_n the_o day_n of_o the_o bless_a virgin_n be_v nativity_n wherefore_o i_o command_v you_o that_o at_o the_o time_n and_o place_n prefix_v you_o fail_v not_o to_o meet_v we_o with_o the_o archdeacon_n abbot_n and_o prior_n of_o your_o diocese_n to_o determine_v concern_v certain_a ecclesiastical_a affair_n and_o to_o reform_v or_o correct_v what_o the_o sentence_n of_o our_o say_a convocation_n shall_v agree_v be_v to_o be_v reform_v or_o correct_v the_o council_n be_v thus_o assemble_v the_o legate_n preside_v in_o it_o he_o sit_v not_o only_o above_o the_o archbishop_n and_o bishop_n but_o above_o all_o the_o nobility_n of_o england_n who_o come_v thither_o by_o this_o pride_n of_o he_o he_o raise_v the_o indignation_n of_o the_o whole_a realm_n against_o he_o and_o be_v catch_v in_o bed_n with_o a_o whore_n at_o night_n after_o have_v bitter_o inveigh_v against_o the_o marriage_n of_o the_o clergy_n the_o day_n before_o he_o be_v force_v to_o leave_v the_o kingdom_n in_o a_o very_a dishonourable_a manner_n but_o though_o the_o archbishop_n therefore_o do_v what_o he_o can_v to_o assert_v his_o authority_n 31._o yet_o he_o be_v not_o without_o a_o very_a tender_a sense_n of_o the_o assront_n that_o have_v be_v put_v upon_o he_o to_o prevent_v the_o like_a for_o the_o future_a instead_o of_o maintain_v the_o right_n of_o his_o see_n and_o the_o privilege_n of_o his_o country_n and_o in_o both_o which_o our_o nobility_n will_v certain_o have_v stand_v by_o he_o he_o apply_v to_o rome_n for_o a_o legatine_n 1663._o power_n to_o be_v grant_v to_o he_o and_o so_o unhappy_o bring_v both_o the_o kingdom_n and_o his_o own_o dignity_n under_o a_o great_a servitude_n be_v return_v from_o rome_n with_o his_o new_a character_n anno_fw-la 1127._o he_o the_o same_o year_n hold_v a_o council_n not_o as_o archbishop_n but_o as_o the_o pope_n legate_n the_o first_o of_o the_o kind_a that_o ever_o any_o archbishop_n hold_v in_o england_n to_o this_o be_v gather_v beside_o the_o bishop_n a_o great_a crowd_n both_o of_o the_o clergy_n and_o of_o the_o laity_n but_o these_o be_v spectator_n only_o the_o bishop_n alone_o vote_v in_o it_o and_o all_o 603_o the_o power_n the_o king_n be_v now_o allowâ—â—_n be_v after_o have_v hear_v what_o be_v define_v by_o they_o to_o consent_v to_o it_o and_o to_o give_v leave_n to_o they_o to_o put_v in_o execution_n what_o have_v be_v as_o we_o see_v determine_v by_o them_o but_o though_o the_o clergy_n by_o this_o mean_n 2382._o begin_v to_o get_v ground_n upon_o this_o prince_n yet_o it_o be_v not_o very_o long_o before_o he_o find_v out_o a_o way_n to_o be_v even_o with_o they_o and_o that_o such_o a_o one_o as_o be_v very_o grateful_a to_o his_o close_n and_o thrifty_a disposition_n for_o about_o three_o year_n after_o have_v observe_v how_o little_a the_o decree_n of_o the_o late_a council_n have_v prevail_v to_o oblige_v the_o clergy_n to_o abandon_v their_o wife_n in_o another_o council_n hold_v at_o london_n august_n the_o one_a 1129._o he_o persuade_v the_o bishop_n to_o leave_v the_o order_v of_o that_o matter_n to_o himself_o which_o be_v do_v he_o exact_v vast_a sum_n of_o money_n from_o the_o marry_a priest_n and_o instead_o of_o force_v they_o to_o leave_v their_o wife_n give_v licence_n to_o such_o as_o will_v pay_v for_o it_o to_o live_v on_o free_o with_o them_o king_n henry_n be_v dead_a it_o can_v be_v wonder_v if_o the_o invasion_n begin_v to_o be_v stephen_n make_v upon_o the_o prince_n right_n towards_o the_o latter_a end_n of_o his_o reign_n be_v not_o only_o continue_v but_o increase_v under_o k._n stephen_n he_o who_o sound_v one_o part_n 314._o of_o his_o title_n to_o the_o crown_n upon_o the_o papal_a authority_n can_v hardly_o be_v suppose_v capable_a of_o deny_v the_o pope_n the_o same_o power_n which_o his_o predecessor_n have_v allow_v to_o he_o and_o for_o the_o oppose_v whereof_o he_o have_v himself_o so_o weak_a a_o foundation_n three_o synod_n we_o meet_v with_o during_o the_o reign_n of_o this_o king_n and_o every_o one_o hold_v by_o the_o legatine_n power_n the_o first_o be_v in_o the_o year_n 1138_o it_o be_v call_v by_o 1346._o albericus_n bishop_n of_o ostia_n and_o all_o the_o favour_n which_o be_v allow_v the_o king_n be_v that_o he_o be_v present_a at_o it_o and_o help_v to_o 389._o make_v theobaldus_fw-la archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n in_o it_o but_o much_o less_o be_v his_o interest_n in_o the_o 1142._o next_o of_o these_o synod_n which_o meet_v at_o winchester_n about_o four_o year_n after_o and_o which_o be_v not_o only_o call_v without_o his_o leave_n by_o the_o legatine_n authority_n of_o his_o brother_n the_o bishop_n of_o that_o see_v but_o be_v assemble_v on_o purpose_n to_o animate_v the_o clergy_n against_o he_o and_o to_o prepare_v the_o way_n for_o maude_n the_o empress_n to_o overthrow_v he_o but_o the_o fortune_n of_o the_o king_n prevail_v and_o about_o the_o end_n of_o the_o same_o year_n in_o another_o synod_n of_o the_o 46._o like_a kind_n at_o westminster_n the_o legate_n return_v to_o the_o king_n his_o brother_n party_n and_o recommend_v it_o to_o the_o people_n to_o pay_v that_o obedience_n they_o owe_v to_o he_o thus_o pass_v these_o affair_n in_o this_o troublesome_a ii_o reign_n and_o in_o which_o the_o authority_n first_o usurp_v by_o the_o pope_n in_o the_o time_n of_o king_n henry_n the_o first_o get_v new_a strength_n and_o begin_v now_o to_o plead_v prescription_n in_o its_o favour_n but_o now_o the_o civil_a state_n be_v a_o little_a more_o quiet_a the_o king_n be_v thereby_o in_o a_o better_a condition_n to_o assert_v his_o ancient_a right_n and_o according_o be_v inform_v that_o some_o 1160._o foreign_a