News to one another but not one in twenty either at work in the Fields or otherways Honestly imploy'd which is the Reason that at this very day most of the Goals of the Kingdom are filled with Thieves and the Streets with incredible numbers of importunate houling Beggars who yet most of them had rather Live so than otherways But I 'm afraid a great many People will think I have been too busie and therefore I have only this to say further that notwithstanding all the Wagers that have been proffer'd of late whether Ireland would not be in the French King's Hands by such a time I dare freely venture one of as great value as I am able that tho' he begin to morrow it will not be in his Power with all the Force he can spare to take it from that handful of Men left in that Kingdom for its security these Seven Years for if the Irish who were but indifferently provided for at best were able to hold it out so long against all the Power and Strength of England what can Men that have better Supplies and full as good Hearts do And as for those vain hopes of that unhappy Party An Invasion from France upon any of the three Kingdoms not very practicable at this time who are still buoyed up with the Fancy of the French King's Greatness and that he will at some time or other certainly make an Invasion either upon England Scotland or Ireland any who know what War means can assure them that it 's much sooner said than done For if his present Majesty of England was obliged to imploy nigh 600 Vessels when at his first coming he Transported only 14000 Men into this Kingdom and if the Irish War has for Three Years past imployed such a considerable number of Transport Ships in that narrow Channel between England and Ireland which lye so convenisently and contiguous one to another what Provision must needs be made in France for such an Attempt as an Invasion upon any of the Three Kingdoms which if it miscarries they are certainly undone For suppose the French still a match for our Fleet which I hope they will never be now whilst the World stands and the French Invasion designed upon England tho' there be a Factious and unnaturally discontented Party there that are no well wishers to the present Government vet there are so many Loyal and True Hearted English-Men still left at home that all the Ships in France are not able to Transport Men enough from thence to subdue them since we know their affection to both the French and Irish that are with them should they once indeavour to look into England whose Strength is in the Hearts and Affections of the People intirely devoted to Their Majesties Service I allow that 20000 well Disciplin'd and Experienc'd Men are able to beat four times the number of Raw unexperienc'd Country People but then I leave the English standing Army and a well Disciplined Militia especially in and about the City of London to shew how unwelcome the French wou'd be to them And as for Scotland its Soyl in most places is Naturally poor and barren and an Army of Foreigners Landed there must either eat Heath or one another in a small time if once they leave the Coast for admit they have Provisions brought by Sea into their Harbours yet the Country in few places is so level as to admit of either a marching Train of Artillery or of Provision Waggons which an Army has no Business any where without and soon wou'd look very foolish for want of suppose but an indifferent Enemy to oppose them Then as for an Invasion to be made upon Ireland the Country is already so destroyed by being the Seat of War that whosoever attempts it must bring all from abroad likewise as well Horses as Provisions which is no easie Task of it self suppose no opposition either at Sea or in the Country but then our Garrisons especially upon the Coasts are made so strong to our Hands by the Irish themselves by the help and directions of the best French Ingineers and are Manned with part of an Experienced and Victorious Army that it will not be the work of a few days to pick any of them out of our hands since there is Ammunition Artillery and Provisions suitable to each Garrison's Necessities And as an advantage to the established standing Army now in Ireland consisting of Colonel Woolsley's Horse Colonel Wynns and Colonel Eiklin's Dragoons Sir Jo. Hanmer's Briggadeer Stuart's Colonel Gustavus Hambleton's Earl of Drogheda's Sir Henry Bellisis Colonel Roe's Colonel Coot's Colonel St. John's Colonel Muthelburms and Colonel Creighton's Foot besides Colonel Frederick Hambleton's and three French Regiments all upon the Irish Establishment as also the Earl of Donegal's Foot and Colonel Cunningham's Dragoons now raising besides all these I say what deserves no mean Character is the Militia of Ireland being formerly at least Twenty Five Thousand Men and tho' they cannot make so many now this War having destroy'd a great many Protestants yet whoever serve now upon that account are all well Armed and Experienced Active Men which circumstances being all known to France they will scarce hazard all upon such uncertainties suppose they were really at leisure to do it as an Invasion upon any of their Majesties Dominions must needs prove It may also be remembred that the Spanyards in the A Remark upon the last that endeavoured it Year 1588 had not only a great mind to Ireland but with a powerful Army endeavoured also to Invade England in which Attempt their loss was so considerable that they have not as yet recover'd it And the disappointment that the French King met withall the very last Year in such another undertaking gives us more than ordinary hopes that thro' God's Blessing it will always so be done to the Enemies of England FINIS
Muskery O Connor Roe Sir Francis Talbot Sir William Dungan and several others submitted upon those Conditions That they should abide a Trial for the Murders committed in the beginning of the Rebellion and those that only assisted in the War were to forfeit two Thirds of their Estates and to be banished And what I would further observe is this That when the General Assembly of the Popish Clergy and others at Loughreagh desired the then Marquess of Ormend's leave to treat with the Enemy for the Nation in general at the Surrender of Galway Cromwel's Army positively refused it being resolved not to admit of any Treaty for the whole but those that would capitulate should do it only for themselves or the Towns and Places they respectively belonged to By which means tho' the Town of Galway was the last considerable one that was surrendered being on the 12th of May 1652. yet it was the 26th of September 1653. before it was declared That the Rebels were subdued and the Rebellion appeased and ended And though His Majesties Proclamation about the ending of this present War was nigh six Months after the Surrender of Lymerick yet this was deferred only with respect to the poverty of the Country in forgiving the Kingdom half a years Quit-Rents and had not the least relation to any appearance of a further Disturbance as appears by the Proclamation it self Now if Lymerick had been no stronger Town when we last besieged it than it was some time after the first Conquest of Ireland when Earl Reymond Son-in-Law to Strongbow and General of the Army with David Walsh and others swam into the King's Island who taking the City without any sort of Cannon and plundering it they left a Garrison of their own men there or indeed if it had been in no better condition than in the former Wars when there appeared nothing like Works without the Walls themselves or if the Irish People were no better skill'd in Arms now than they have been heretofore even in the late times being most of them rather a confused Rabble than any thing that deserved the Name of an Army then it had been a Reflection upon an Army so well disciplin'd and in so good order as ours was not to have humbled them without any Terms But besides the natural strength of its Situation Lymerick is now improved by Art to that degree that it is very much stronger than it was when we laid Siege to it the former year the Enemy with extraordinary diligence and industry having since that cast up very strong new Works round the Irish Town with great Improvements in the King's Island and elsewhere And the Irish had not only the Advantages of being train'd up to the use of Arms by my Lord Tyrconnel and serving in an Army for some years past but several of them have been abroad in foreign Service besides the being for the most part in Action during the three Campagnes in Ireland and Custom it self is no doubt of it one Point of Courage But those who ever read the Story of Noteburg will not wonder at this Capitulation this they say is a Town built in an Island at the Entrance of the Lake Lagoda made by the Muscovites and encompassed with a strong Wâ—ll against the Attempts of the Suedes it standing upon their Frontiers This the Suedes took under the Command of James De la Garde but not till the Extremities of the Siege and a contageous Disease had consumed the whole Garrison to two Men who yet made a very advantageous Capitulation vid. Ambassadors of Hollands Travels into Muscovy and Russia And as to the Irish it must needs be acknowledged that they never had formerly so fair a Pretext as now nor had they ever been so unanimous since in the late Wars they had at least three different Armies on Foot at the same time they had now also the Assistance and Encouragement of France which is without question at present one of the most powerful Interests in the World and if they had held out till the following Winter they must needs have much fatigued our Army by continual Alarms and Watchings besides other Difficulties that would have attended us in a Blockade in which there 's no subsisting without continual Supplies of Money Ammunition and Victuals and especially near such a place as Limerick then was the Countrey thereabouts being ruined and exhausted in continuing the Seat of War for two Campaigns so that abstracting from the deepness of the Soil and the sharpness of the Winter as it afterwards proved unless we had been full as carefully supplied with Necessaries as ever we had been formerly the whole Design had been still in hazard besides the loss of Time and Treasure And though we had passed the River yet we were still as far from entring the Town as ever What might have been done some time before I am no competent Judge of but since the Irish had it still in their Power to give us the Town or keep it to themselves I see no Reason why they ought not to make a Bargain for it and expect the performance of their Contract which Their Majesties have been graciously pleased to ratifie under the Great Seal of England It may rationally be here demanded why the Irish would treat with us for the Town since they had full as many Foot within as we had in our Army without and and notwithstanding all the Stories told us by Deserters about the scarcity of Provisions they had a quantity of the finest French Bisket I ever tasted sufficient for the whole Garrison for two Months some of which I saw and Commissary-General Aspole assured my self and some other Friends that they had the rest Upon which I asked him the reason of giving us the Town And his Reply was That if they had been driven by necessity to yield they must then have accepted what Terms we had pleased to give them but since they were not they had stood upon such as were for the Advantage of their whole Party But the Truth of it is the Irish were either weary of the War or jealous of one another or it may be both it being no ill Policy on our side to foment their differences and make their private Quarrels advance our Publick Service And as for what happen'd at this Juncture it 's certain that the French Lieutenant-Generals were jealous of the Irish betraying or at least forsaking them And 't is without question they used their Interest in persuading the Irish to hold out till Relief came for they knew considering all things it had been very improper for us to endeavour the forcing the Town by a Breach But I imagine Monsieur D'Vssone's Case now was much the same as that of Don John de Aquila at Kinsale in the Year 1601. who finding the Town was like to be lost and that instead of conquering a Kingdom his Men and himself were like to become a Prey to the Enemy He then
AN IMPARTIAL HISTORY OF THE Wars of Ireland Let this be Printed March 2. 1692 3. Charnock Heron. A CONTINUATION OF THE IMPARTIAL HISTORY OF THE Wars of Ireland From the Time that Duke Schonberg Landed with an Army in that Kingdom to the 23 d. of March 1691 2. when Their Majesties Proclamation was published declaring the War to be ended Illustrated with Copper Sculptures describing the most Important Places of Action Together with Some REMARKS upon the Present State of that Kingdom By GEORGE STORY Chaplain to the Regiment formerly Sir Tho. Gower's now the Earl of Drogheda's LONDON Printed for Ric. Chiswell at the Rose and Crown in St. Paul's Church-Yard MDCXCIII TO THE KING's Most Excellent Majesty Great SIR THO I 'm no Soldier my self yet four years Conversation with men of that Profession has emboldened me to Address Your Sacred Majesty not for Your Royal Protection against the future Attacks of those who will call the Account I have given of their management in Ireland A new making War upon them Nor to ask Your Majesty's Patronage to a Work so imperfect which would be a Presumption impardonable But with the deepest sense of Duty and humblest Submission to beg Your Majesty's Pardon for adventuring formerly to publish some part of Your Majesty's Generous Actions and Hazardous Vndertakings in that Kingdom and now for my Ambition in repeating the same which will always be a Subject far beyond the reach of so mean a Pen as mine I have nothing to value my self upon but the honour of being imployed in Your Majesty's Service ever since Your Majesty's happy Accession to the Throne encouraged thereunto for those Reasons amongst many more That all English-men who have a pretension to the Title of being Brave never had a more happy opportunity of recovering and maintaining the Ancient Glory of this once most renowned Kingdom than under the Auspicious Conduct of Your Sacred Majesty by whose Great Example many of those whose very Constitutions were of late softned with Ease and Pleasure are now invited to Feats of Arms worthy the Off-spring of their Ancestors And what greater Comfort and Satisfaction can Men of any other Profession receive than in seeing Your Majesty still so zealous in the defence of that Interest which themselves have so great a share in May Your Majesty therefore and Your Royal Consort be as happy in Dutiful and Obedient Subjects as we are under Your most Prudent and Gracious Government to which no man can bear a greater Zeal nor pray more heartily for Your Majesties long Life Health constant Prosperity and Glory than Your MAJESTY's Most Loyal most Dutiful and most Obedient Subject GEORGE STORY THE PREFACE HE that endeavours to give an Account of so many mens behaviour as must needs be concerned in three Active Campaigns is sure to want neither Envy nor Detraction some finding fault with one thing and some with another so that it is impossible to expect or hope for the pleasing of all Parties nor indeed is it fit to endeavour it The Reputations of men however are tender things and therefore every prudent man when he has occasion to touch them will be careful to do it very nicely And yet it happens often to those that write that either through heedlesness they disoblige some that do not deserve it or out of rashness provoke others that may make them repent it in which Cases there sometimes needs an excuse for Offences given even where they never were intended Those and a great many other Considerations have not frighted me from medling with a Subject wherein not a few of the most eminent Persons of our Age have born a part and the rather because I find it has laid all this while neglected and not any one as yet besides my self has undertaken it except in some small Collections out of our publick News I endeavoured two years ago to give the World a true Account of the Matter of Fact as it happened the two first Campaigns and how Matters then stood with both the Armies And this bore the name of An Impartial History of the Affairs of Ireland the Two last Years wherein I was desirous to make the Book it self answer its Title and also to shew the great hopes there was then in gaining the whole Kingdom in a short time after which I am next about to shew you how it fell out so far as I have been able to make an enquiry into it But since it 's probable that the First Part has not reached so many Hands as this may I have here repeated some of the most material Passages from the beginning and added some few things that I have been informed of since I writ the other tho my main Design is to be as particular in the last Campaign as I have been formerly in the other two which was done by way of Journal as this is also when you come to the end of the Abridgment In all which put together you have the Principal Occurrences from Duke Sconberg's landing in that Kingdom till Their Majesties Proclamation dated at Kensington March the 3 d 1691 2. Declaring that War to be ended with some further Observations about the past and present Circumstances of that Nation The Blood spilt and Treasure spent in this unhappy War has doubtless been a sufficient Grievance to both Kingdoms yet we have no great reason to be out of humour at it now there being at that time an apparent necessity for it by which the War is also removed to a greater distance till we can gain a Firm Honourable and Lasting Peace from abroad that so Their Majesties may be at leisure to free their own Dominions from the Vices and Corruptions of a Licentious Age. But I am no Politician and therefore what I have to offer in behalf of this Undertaking of mine is only this That it was the honour I had for the Memory of that Great Man Duke Sconberg and a desire to set the World right at that time in their Judgments how Matters stood with both Armies which put me first upon the Design And the favourable Acceptance that my first endeavours met with in Ireland has encouraged me to continue them though I must be so grateful as to own the kind Resentments of some in my own Countrey also and particularly those of my Lord Bishop of Salisbury who has been pleased not only to commend the Undertaking but to honour me with the Correction of some of my Papers with his own Hand and also with an Account of the reasons for some Particulars that before I was in the dark for want of I hate to clog Truth with any Artifice nor is there any occasion for such an endeavour supposel had an inclination or skill to do it for whilst things are fresh in every ones memory if a man should be guilty of any notable and wilful Mistake that way there are a great many able to find it out I have done the Subject therefore no
contrived towards the King's Island 206 A Breach made in the Wall 210 Guns planted near St. Thomas's Island 213 Collonel Earl sent into England 214 My Lord Lisburn killed 215 A Party pass the River upon a Bridge of Boats 216 The Irish in a great Consternation 217 Debates whether the Siege should be continued or turned into a Blockade 220 Orders in case of an Alarm 222 Our Forces pass the River a second time 223 The Attack at Thoumond Bridge where six hundred of the Enemy were killed 224 A Remarkable Paper found in the Pocket of a Collonel in the Irish Army 225 The Enemy beat a Parley 228 A Cessation agreed to Hostages exchanged 229 230 The Irish Proposals rejected by the Generals ibid. Articles agreed to 231 The General 's Letter to Sir Ralph Delaval giving him an Account of the Cessation 232 A brief Account of what happened in other parts of the Kingdom during this Month 268 c. CHAP. IX THE Lords Justices come to the Camp 238 The Articles signed ibid. The Articles at large both Civil and Military with Their Majesties Confirmation of them 239 c. Our men take possession of the Irish Town 256 A Lieutenant-Collonel imprisoned for denying to go into France 257 A Declaration from the General 258 My Lord Lucan's Arguments to the Irish to persuade them to go into France 260 Their Foot drawn out and put to the trial ibid. The Lords Justices return towards Dublin ibid. Our Army decamps and goes to Quarters 263 Some of the Irish go towards Cork 264 CHAP. X. THE Campaign ended and Irish Prisoners of War released 268 Some Rapparees deliver up their Arms 269 A Proclamation of pardon to the rest ibid. The Ulster Irish return home with their Cattle 270 The French Fleet comes into the Shannon 271 Some Objections against the Articles of Limerick answered 275 The last of the Irish march from Limerick 281 The General goes to Dublin and thence for England 288 Major-General Mackay and Major-General Talmash go for England 284 The Danes ordered to be shipt off ibid. Fortifications of Ballymore and Mullingar demolished 285 Our Transport Ships that carry the Irish return from France 288 The Late King's Letter to the Irish at their Landing 289 Their Reception in France ibid. My Lord Lucan's Release to the General 292 The Irish that stay'd with us very unruly in their Quarters Orders and Instructions for breaking them all except two Battalions 294 295 The Oaths taken according to the New Act of Parliament 296 An Order to turn out all Papists from our Regiments 297 A Proclamation declaring the War of Ireland ended 302 CHAP. XI A Brief Account of the former and present Circumstances of Ireland 304 Its Division into Provinces and Counties Bishopricks and Parishes Cities and Corporations It s Soil c. 305 306 Sir John Davis's Reasons why Ireland has been so long in being intirely subjected to the Crown of England 307 What Tavistry is 309 This a Reason why the Irish did not improve their Country 310 Of Fosterings and Cosherings ibid. Ireland ought to be put into a Condition to bear its own Burden 314 What Methods the Irish first took to make the old English joyn with them 315 A brief Account of the Expences of the former War ibid. An Essay towards the Charge of this 316 A modest conjecture at the Numbers lost on both sides and in the Country during the VVar 317 The Interest of England to advance the power of the English in Ireland 318 Our Ancestors sensible of this 320 The former Evils still remain ibid. The Interest of the Irish-Papists themselves to advance the Power of England 321 Two Objections answered 322 Religion in the first place to be taken care of 323 An Invasion from France at this Juncture upon any of these three Kingdoms not practicable 326 A Remark upon the last that endeavoured it 328 A Continuation of the Impartial History OF THE WARS of IRELAND CHAP. I. A brief Account by way of Introduction of the Cause of the War The state of the Protestants in that Kingdom The Late King 's landing there The Sessions of Parliament in Ireland Protestants Routed at Drummore and other Places Derry Besieged and Relieved The Irish beat at Croom Castle Duke Sconberg lands in August 1690. Carigfergus Surrendred Newry Burnt The Army march'd to Dundalk And Encamp there nigh ten Weeks Sligo taken by the Irish A Party of theirs Repulsed at Newry The Battel of Cavan The Danes land in Ireland 5000 French Foot land at Kinsale Charlemont Surrendred THE Actions of Great Men have generally been esteemed so powerful for the instructing of those that come after that most Civil States have made it their Business to Transcribe and preserve them to posterity for their Example and Imitation Even the Irish themselves when they were far from being one of the most Reformed Nations in the World had their Bards and Ballad-makers who have taken no small pains in their way to render the Chieftains of their own Country as famous as others Nay the Greatest Generals and Emperors have in the midst of their Conquests imployed some of their time to leave the immortal Memory of their own and other Great Mens Actions in writing the omission of which has been a great defect in the middle Age of the World since those are commonly the most Competent Judges of the management of Affairs and ablest to give a true Account But because in this Fighting Age wherein we now live their time is other ways imployed and Great Men have scarce leisure to read much less to write great Books we must be contented to take the best Accounts we can get of their Actions from meaner Hands such as have been Eye-witnesses of them or at least have good grounds for what they tell us And forasmuch as the Disturbances in Ireland have made so great a noise in the Ears of all Europe whilst they lasted and my self as a constant Attendant on their Majesties Army having been an Eye-witness to the most Remarkable Occurrences I shall not scruple to tell the World all I know which as it is for the most part little else but the bare matter of Fact I hope it may not be despised though it come from so mean a Hand and in so homely a Dress I need not trouble the Reader with a long Discourse about the Occasion of the War The general Aversion of the People of England to Popery and their being ill treated by a Prince of that Persuasion made such a sudden Change in that Kingdom as the like never happened before in any Age or Countrey But Ireland was under different Circumstances the Roman-Catholick Party being there by much the stronger at least more numerous of whom my Lord Tyrconnell had during the late King's Reign been modelling an Army that might be ready on all Occasions to maintain the Popish Interest by which the Protestants in that Kingdom were brought upon the very brink of Ruine and then
Drogheda's Regiment who finding themselves very much outnumbred and the Village no ways Tenible they retired all to a Mount nigh the middle of the same Village which they defended till the Irish were obliged to quit the place have killed us about 28 themselves leaving 16 dead upon the Streets besides several more that were killed in Plundering the Houses And several such Accidents hapned up and down the Kingdom most of which are already related in the former part of this History Towards the beginning of December his Majesty for the A Privy-Council appointed in Ireland better ordering the Affairs of that Kingdom appointed a Privy-Council and gave out new Commissions to supply the places of several Judges as yet awanting in the respective Courts of Judicature But though the Irish in and about Limerick and indeed in most other places within their Line were reduced to great necessities both as to Provisions and Cloaths yet this did not prevent them from having a very good opinion of themselves nor blunt the Edge of that Vain-glorious Boasting so peculiar to that sort of People as may appear by a pretended Declaration of the then Brigadeer Dorington's who after several invective Expressions against his Majesty and the English Government and Wheedling Insinuations to all Foreigners and others who he pretends were drawn in at unawares he promises to protect and receive into Pay all Officers or Souldiers that would forsake their Majesties Service and advance them according to their Merit or those that had no mind to serve should be Transported into France having all necessary Accommodation and be provided for in the mean time Dated at Limerick the 13th of December 1690. and Signed W. Dorington But this worthy Declaration had no other effect than to shew the folly and vanity of the Publisher only I cannot but observe what a scurvy Return those Officers and Souldiers of King William's to whom he addresses himself made him for his kind proffer since instead of going to him for his Pass into France they soon after sent his Worship himself Prisoner into England Monday the 15th of December Henry Lord Viscount My Lord Sidney goes for England Sidney being appointed one of the Secretaries of State for England set Sail for that Kingdom And on the 24th Sir Charles Porter another of the Lords-Justices came from thence being Sworn Lord Chancellour of Ireland on the 29th and then received the Purse and Great Seal from the late Commissioners We had now a part of our Army on their March towards Part of our Forces move towards the Shannon Lanesborough Pass Commanded by Major General Kirk and Sir John Lanier Lieutenant General Douglas was also upon his March towards Sligoe as was Major General Tetteau in Munster towards the County of Kerry The first Detachment beat the Irish from their Works on this side the River and staying there some time returned to Quarters as did also Lieutenant General Douglas Major General Tetteau Marched towards Ross taking a Fort called Screnelarld in his way after which the Irish set most of the Country on Fire and retreated He took also another Fort wherein were 80 of the Irish who being attacked by fifty Danes and fifty of the Kinsale Militia our Men carried the place and put most of the Enemy to the Sword Then our Party Marched towards Tralee where Lieutenant General Sheldon bad been with 21 Troops of Dragoons and 7 of Horse but with his Men had deserted the Town and made what haste they could towards Limerick resolving to force their way through Lieutenant General Ginckel's Troops who then was abroad also with a Party if they were not very much stronger or otherways to kill all their Horses and save themselves by crossing the Shannon in Boats But not being informed of this our Men returned without securing a considerable quantity of Provisiâ—â—â— then in Trallee which the Irish got afterwards to supply the Garrison of Limerick The Rapparees by this time were got to the end of the Rapparees in the Bogg of Allen. Bogg of Allen within 12 miles of Dublin and there Robb'd and Plunder'd the Country all about Fortifying an Island in the Bogg to secure their Prey which being so nigh Dublin it made a great noise So that Collonel Foulks with his own Regiment part of Collonel Cutts's and a Detachment of the Dublin Militia as also three small Field-Pieces Marched out towards them The Irish at first seemed to defend the place but as our Men advanced they quitted their Posts leaving us to fill up the Trenches they had made cross the Causeway which done Colonel Foulks Marched over into the Island of Allen where he met with Colonel Piper who had come in at the other side but the Irish betook themselves to the Woods and we only got some small Booty which they had left I have heard that my Lord Baltimore at his coming over from Ireland in King James the First 's time to give his Majesty an account of the State of that Kingdom amongst otherthings told the King That the Irish were a wicked People but had been as wickedly dealt withal I make no Applications of the Expression to our selves tho' most people that have been in that Country know how to do it But as to any publick Action little of moment hapned for some time after we returned to our Winter Quarters tho' the Rapparees being encouraged by our withdrawing were very troublesome all the Country over nor will it be amiss once for all to give you a brief Account how the Irish managed this Affair to make the Rapparees so Considerable as they really were doing much more mischief at this Upon what account the Rapparees were servicable to the Irish time o' th' year than any thing that had the face of an Army could pretend to When the Irish understood therefore how our Men were Posted all along the Line and what advantage might be hoped for at such and such places they not only encouraged all the protected Irish to do us secretly all the mischief they could either by concealed Arms or private Intelligence under the pretence of their being Plundered and abused but they let loose a great part of their Army to manage the best for themselves that time and opportunity would allow them to all these they gave Passes signifying to what Regiment they belonged that in case they were taken they might not be dealt withal as Rapparees but Souldiers These Men knew the Country nay all the secret Corners Woods and Boggs keeping a constant Correspondence with one another and also with the Army who furnished them with all necessaries especially Ammunition When they had any Project on Foot their method was not to appear in a Body for then they would have been discovered and not only so but Carriages and several other things had been wanting which every one knows that's acquainted with this Trade Their way was therefore to make a private appointment to meet at
appoint on Sunday Morning next by six of the Clock together with all the Stores of Ammunition and Provision and Magazines of all sorts without Embezlement and that immediately upon the signing these Articles such Persons as the General shall appoint have leave to inspect them II. That all Deserters that are in the Town shall be given up III. That immediately after the signing these Articles all the Outworks of the Town shall be delivered to such Officers as the General shall appoint to take Possession of the same and that the General shall withdraw all the Cannon from the Wall IV. That till the Town is surrendred as aforesaid the General may order such Works and Batteries to be made as he shall judge convenient provided he doth not bring them within three yards of the Wall nor the Guns within ten yards of the Batteries and that in the Town they shall not proceed to work to fortifie the same any further V. In Consideration of the said Rendition his Excellency gives leave to Lieutenant General d'Vssone Monsieur Metlet Commissary of War and the rest of the French Officers and Souldiers and others of that Nation now in Gallway to go to Limerick with their Arms Bag and Bagage whether they shall be safely conducted the nearest way and in case that the said Lieutenant General d'Vssone shall want Horses to carry his Equipage thither the General will furnish him with them VI. That such of the Garison as desire it may remain in Town or go to their respective homes and enjoy the benefit of this Capitulation and the rest shall march to Limerick with their Arms six pieces of Cannon Drums beating Colours flying Match lighted Bullet in mouth and as much Ammunition and Provisions as each Officer and Souldier can carry with him and that they shall be furnished with Draught-Horses and Harnesses for their Guns if they want them which said Guns they shall have liberty to choose provided they take none above twelve Pounders VII That the wounded and sick Officers may stay in Town till they are cured and that then they shall be sent to Limerick with a safe Conduct and in the mean time shall be provided in Town with necessaries for their Cure and Subsistance VIII That the Governor Constable Mayor She riffs Aldermen Burgesses Freemen and Natives of Gallway and the Inhabitants thereof or the reputed ones by any former Charter of King James the II. granted before his Abdication or any of his Ancestors shall have a general Pardon of all Attainders Outlawries Treasons Fellonies Premunires and all manner oâ— Offences committed since the beginning of the said King James's Reign to the date hereof IX That all and every of the Garison Officers Governor Constable Mayor Sheriffs Aldermen Burgesses Freemen and Inhabitants aforesaid shall enjoy and possess their Estates real and personal and all other Liberties and Immunities as they held or ought to have held under the Acts of Settlement and Explanation or other-ways by the Laws of this Kingdom freely discharged from all Crown-rents quit-rents and all other Charges to the date hereof X. That the Names of the Roman Catholick Clergy of the Town of Gallway be given to the General on or before Tuesday next and that they as well as the Laity of the said Town shall have the private Exercise of their Religion without being prosecuted on any Penal Laws for the same and that the said Clergy shall be protected in their Persons and Goods XI That the Gentlemen of Estates now belonging to the Town and Garison of Gallway shall have liberty to keep a Gun in their Houses for the defence of the same and wear a Sword and Case of Pistols if they think fit XII That all the Roman Catholick Lawyers of the said Town shall have the free liberty of Practice that they had in King Charles the Second's time XIII That such of the Officers belonging to any of the Regiments that are now in Gallway and not present at the signing of these Capitulations shall have the benefit of the same provided they shall submit within three Weeks to the Governor of Gallway for the time being who shall be appointed by the General or that they shall have a safe Conduct to go to Limerick in the same manner as the said Garison has XIV That such other Persons now in Town as desire to go out with the Garison or such part thereof as goes to Limerick shall have liberty to do so and carry their Families and Goods along with them and that such Officers Wives belonging to the said Garison as are there or in any other part of Conaught may at the same time depart with their Goods or at any other convenient time afterwards particularly Colonel Edmund Reily's Wife Mother and Family the Lady Jvaugh and her Daughter and Lieutenant Colonel Luke Reily his Brother Philip Reily their Wives and Families XV. That immediately all Acts of Hospitality shall cease on both sides and that if it shall happen that any provoking Language shall pass between the Souldiers they shall be punished by their respective Officers for the same and not permitted to fire on one another XVI That for the due performance of these Articles the Governor shall immediately give the Persons undernamed for Hostages Earl of Clanrickard Colonel Dominick Brown Lord of Iniskillin Major Dillon Lieutenant Col. Bodkin Lastly The General promises to have these Capitulations ratified by Their Majesties within the space of three Months from the date hereof or sooner if possible Signed and Sealed the day above-mention'd by the Commander in Chief of Their Majesties Forces and the Constable and Governor of the said Town interchangeably Dillon Clanrickard Iniskillin Signed and Sealed in the presence of Dominick Brown John Bodkin Thomas Dillon James Skelton James O Brian Hugh Dogherty John Stephenson Oliver O Gara William Bourke Anthony O Dogherty Robert Linch Bryan O Neile Hugh O Neile John Dogherty And whereas the said Town of Gallway hath been since in pursuance of the said Articles surrendred to us Know ye that we having considered of the said Articles are graciously pleased hereby to declare that we do as far as in us lies ratifie and confirm the same and every Clause Matter and Thing therein contained And as to such part thereof for which An Act of Parliament shall be found to be necessary we shall recommend the same to be made good by Parliament And shall give our Royal Assent to any Bill or Bills that shall be passed by our two Houses of Parliament for that purpose Provided always and our Will and Pleasure is that these our Lettees Pattents shall be enrolled in our Court of Chancery in our said Kingdom of Ireland within one year next ensuing In witness c. Witness our self at Westminster the Seventeenth Day of February Anno Regni Regis Regina Guillielmi Mariae quarto per bene de privato Sigillo Nos autem tenorem praemissorum praedict ac requisitionem Atturnati
who have surrendred themselves But in case the Persons invited by this Declaration should neglect in time prescribed to lay hold on the same they must never more expect the like Advantageous Terms and Condiscentions Given at the Camp by Nenah the Eleventh Day of August 1691. in the Third Year of Their Majesties Regin Bar. De Ginckell The Army that day marched to a place called Shalley in a wild and desolate Country nigh the Silver-Mines where in the former Wars about seventeen of Sir George Hambleton's Followers were slain by the Kenedies and here Major General Trelawyng's Regiment joined us the 12th we marched to a place called Tulla where we halted next day and our Advance Guards brought in one of the Enemies Outscouts a Prisoner Several Deserters also come off to us amongst whom were two of the Horse Guards who inform the General that the Irish Foot were drawn into Limerick and their Horse having burnt several places that escaped their fury last year were retired likewse near the Town we understand also that my Lord Tyrconnell was taken suddenly very ill and there were several disorders amongst the Chief Officers in Limerick some of them being suspected to incline to our side From hence the General sent a Spy who took several of the Declarations in order to disperse them in Town The 14th we marched to Cariganliss and the General The Army go to Cariganliss with the rest of our Great Officers went with a Party within two Miles of Limerick near which three of the Enemies Scouts being posted upon the top of a round Hill towards our left two of them deserted to us as our Party drew off The 15th in the Morning early fifteen hundred A Party go towards Limerick Horse and Dragoons commanded by Major General Ruvigny and one thousand detached Foot as a reserve in case of danger commanded by the Prince of Hess with six Field-peeces were ordered to march towards Limerick with whom went the General and all the Chief Officers in order to view the Town The Enemy had lined the Hedges in several places with Foot and there appeared two Squadrons of Horse and a Party of a Dragoons about a Mile on this side the Town who fronted our Men for some time but when they saw our Advance Party resolved to push them they retired nearer home and afterwards their Foot fired several Small-shot but without any harm to us tho' about seven of the Enemy were killed by our Dragoons We stayed several hours within less then Cannon-shot of the Town upon the Ground where we encamped the year before we could see that they had repaired Ireton's Fort and built another some distance to the Right where formerly stood an Old Church and a third was begun also with a Line of Communication from one to the other but not as yet finished they had then two Field-peeces in Ireton's Fort but did not fire them and drew them off to the Town next day Whilst we staid there first a Drummer and then one Hagan a Captain came off to us who informed the General that my Lord Tyrconnell died the day before some say of Grief because things went My Lord Tyrconnell dies at Limerick not according to his desire and that after all his Endeavours and good Services to promote the Catholick Cause he was slighted to that Degree that whilst their Camp lay by Athlone one Lieutenant Colonel Conner came to my Lord's Tent and bid him be gone from the Camp else he would cut his Tent-Cords My Lord Tyrconnell knowing that he durst not be so impudent without a considerable Faction to support him went next Morning early towards Limerick where he remained till his death which some say was not without suspition of foul play in being poisoned with a Cup of Rattafeau this is nothing but Apricock-stones bruised and infused in Brandy which gives it a pleasant Relish some of which my Lord Tyrconnell had given him at an Entertainment and falling ill upon it he often repeated the word Rattafeau which made several believe that he had received Poyson in that Liquor because he would not comply with the prevailing Faction then in Town But most People say that he died of a Fever However it was he certainly had managed the Affairs of that Kingdom from his entrance upon publick Business to his dying day with as much dexterity and zeal for the Interest he * As to his encouraging one Jâ—nes to Assassinate King William in the year 1690. proved by Original Letters under his own hand I leave others hereafter to give a more particular account of pretended to serve as any man could have done At the General 's return from viewing the Town he found a considerable quantity of Bread-Waggons come to the Camp under the Convoy of the Militia Horse and Dragoons of the County of Tipperary whom the General viewed and sent home again We had now a Train of nine 24 Pounders nine 18 Pounders and three Mortars with Ammunition and other Utensils of War proportionable which left Athlone on the 12th under the care of Col. Lloyd's Regiment and a Party the Militia who were met upon the Road by the Earl of Drogheda's and Colonel Venner's Foot Regiments with a small Party of Horse but the General remembring what hapned to our Train the year before and that the same People were still as industrious as formerly Major General la Forrest with a good Detachment of Horse and Dragoons was sent on the 16th to meet our Cannon The same day a Captain and a Lieutenant desert from the Enemy and confirm the Report of the death of my Lord Tyrconnell and withal that Francis Plowden Esq one of the Commissioners of the Revenue in the late King's time had brought over a Commission from the late King out of France appointing Sir Alexander Fitton Sir Richard Neagle and the said Francis Plowden Esq to be Lords Justices of Ireland which Commission lay dorment till my Lord Tyrconnel's death by which it appeared that his Adversaries were like to prove too many for him if he had lived and that tho he had promoted the late King's desires tho' not his real Interest to the utmost and was of the same Religion too with himself yet he was in a fair way of being served as Some of the Irish Officers suspected for holding a Correâ—pondence with our Ar others had been before him We understood also that Colonel Henry Lutterill was not only suspected to hold a Correspondence with our Army but was taken into Custody and tried for his life in that he with some others had consulted about the surrender of the Town for which they designed to put him to death but that they either wanted clear Proof or else waited for Advice from France about it but the occasion of Colonel Lutteril's confinment was upon the account of a Letter brought him by a Trumpeter from some great Officer in our Army when the Garison of Gallway was conveyed
sufficient Hostages shall be given 11. That the Garrison of Clare-Castle Ross and all other Foot that are in Garrison in the Counties of Clare Cork and Kerry shall have the advantage of this present Capitulation and such part of those Garrisons as design to go beyond Sea shall march out with their Arms Baggage Drums beating Ball in Mouth Match lighted at both ends Colours flying with all Provisions and half the Ammunition that is in the said Garrisons and join the Horse that marches to be transported or if then there is not Shipping enough for the Body of Foot that is to be next transported after the Horse General Ginckel will order that they be furnished with Carriages for that purpose and what Provisions they shall want in their March they paying for the said Provision or else that they may take it out of their own Magazines 12. That all the Troops of Horse and Dragoons that are in the Counties of Cork Kerry and Clare shall also have the Benefit of this Capitulation and that such as will pass into France shall have Quarters given them in the Counties of Clare and Kerry apart from the Troops that are commanded by General Ginckel until they be shipp'd and within their Quarters they shall pay for every thing except Forrage and Pasture for their Horses which shall be furnished Gratis 13. Those of the Garrison of Sligo that are to join the Irish Army shall have the Benefit of this Capitulation and Orders shall be sent unto them that are to convoy them up to bring them hither to Lymerick the shortest way 14. The Irish may have liberty to transport nine hundred Horses including Horses for the Officers which shall be transported Gratis and as for the Troopers that stay behind they shall dispose of themselves as they shall think fit giving up their Arms and Horses to such Persons as the General shall appoint 15. It shall be permitted for those that are appointed to take care for the Subsistence of the Horse that are willing to go into France to buy Hay and Corn at the King's rates where-ever they can find it in the Quarters that are assigned for them without any lett or molestation and to carry all necessary Provision out of the City of Lymerick and for this purpose the General will furnish convenient Carriages for them to the Place where they shall be embarked 16. It shall be further lawful to make use of the Hay preserved in store in the County of Kerry for the Horses that shall be embarked and if there be not enough it shall be lawful to buy Hay and Oats where-ever they can be found at the King's rates 17. That all Prisoners of War that were in Ireland the 28th of September shall be set at liberty on both sides and the General promises to use his Endeavours that those that are in England or Flanders shall be set at liberty also 18. The General will cause Provisions and Medicines to be furnish'd to the sick and wounded Officers Troopers Dragooners and Soldiers of the Irish Army that cannot pass into France at the first Embarkment and after they are cured will order them Ships to pass into France if they are willing to go 19. That at the Signing hereof the General will send a Ship Express to France and that besides he will furnish two small Ships of those that are now in the River of Lymerick to Transport two Persons into France that are to be sent to give Notice of this Treaty and that the Commanders of the said Ships shall have Orders to put ashore at the next Port in France they shall make 20. That all those of the said Troops Officers or Soldiers of what Character soever that will pass into France shall not be stopp'd on the Account of Debt or other Pretext 21. If after the Signing this present Treaty and before the Arrival of the Fleet a French Packet-Boat or other Transport-Ship shall arrive from France in any Part of Ireland the General will order a Pass-Port not only for such as must go on Board the said Ships but to the Ships to come to the nearest Port or Place where the Troops to be transported shall be quartered 22. That after the Arrival of the Fleet there shall be free Communication and Passage between it and the Quarters of the abovesaid Troops and especially for all those that have Passes from the Chief Commanders of the said Fleet or from Monsieur Tameron the Intendant 23. In Consideration of the present Capitulation the two Towns of Lymerick shall be delivered and put into the Hands of the General or any other Person that he shall appoint at the Times and Days hereafter specified viz. the Irish Town except Magazines and Hospital on the day of the signing these present Articles and as for the English Town it shall remain together with the Island and free Passage of Thomond-Bridge in the hands of those of the Irish Army that are now in thâ— Garrison or that shall hereafter come from the Countiâ—â— of Cork Clare Kerry Sligo and other Places abovâ— mentioned until there shall be Conveniency found fâ—â— their Transportation 24. And to prevent all Disorders that may happeâ— between the Garrison that the General shall place â—â— the Irish Town which shall be delivered to him and the Irish Troops that shall remain in the Enâ—lish Town and the Island which they may do untâ— the Troops to be embarked on the first Fifty Shiâ—â— shall be gone for France and no longer they shaâ—â— intrench themselves on both sides to hinder thâ— Communication of the said Garrisons and it shall bâ— prohibited on both sides to offer any thing that â— offensive and the Parties offending shall be punished oâ— either side 25. That it shall be lawful for the said Garrison tâ— march out at once or at different times as they caâ— be embarked with Arms Baggage Drums beating Match lighted at both ends Bullet in Mouth Colouâ— flying six Brass-Guns such as the Besieged shall chusâ— two Mortar-Pieces and half the Ammunition that â— now in the Magazines of the said Place and for thâ—â— purpose an Inventory of all the Ammunition in the Garrison shall be made in the presence of any Person that thâ— General shall appoint the next Day after the present Articles be signed 26. All the Magazines of Provisions shall remaiâ— in the hands of those that are now employed to take caâ—â— of the same for the Subsistence of those of the Irisâ— Army that will pass into France and that if there shaâ—â— not be sufficient in the Stores for the Support of the said Troops while they stay in this Kingdom and are crosâ—ing the Seas that upon giving an account of their Numâ—ers the General will furnish them with sufficient Proâ—isions at the King's rates and that there shall be a free â—arket in Lymerick and other Quarters where the said Troops shall be And in Case any Provisions shall â—emain in the Magazines of Lymerick when the Town
â—hall be given up it shall be valued and the price deâ—ucted out of what is to be paid for the Provisions to be â—urnish'd to the Troops on Ship-Board 27. That there shall be a Cessation of Arms at Land â—s also at Sea with respect to the Ships whether English Dutch or French designed for the Transporâ—â—tion of the said Troops until they shall be returned â—o their respective Harbours and that on both sides â—hey shall be furnish'd with sufficient Pass-Ports both â—or Ships and Men and if any Sea-Commander or Captain of a Ship any Officer Trooper Dragoon or Soldier or any other Person shall act contrary to this Cessation the Persons so acting shall be punished on â—ither side and satisfaction shall be made for the wrong â—hat is done and Officers shall be sent to the Mouth of the River of Lymerick to give notice to the Commanders of the English and French Fleets of the present Conjuncture that they may observe the Cessation of Arms â—ccordingly 28. That for surety of the Execution of this present Capitulation and of each Article therein contained the Besieged shall give the following Hostages 29. If before this Capitulation is fully executed there happens any Change in the Government or Command of the Army which is now commanded by Generaâ— Ginckel all those that shall be appointed to command thâ— same shall be obliged to observe and execute what iâ— specified in these Articles or cause it to be executeâ— punctually and shall not act contrary on any aâ—count D'Vsson Le Chevalier de Tessee Latour Monfort Mark Talbot Lucan Jo. Wauchop Galmoy M. Purcell ARTICLES agreed upon the Third Day of October 1691. between the Right Honourable Sir Charles Porter Knight and Thomas Conyngesby Esq Lords Justices of Ireland and his Excellency the Baron De Ginckel Lieut. General and Commader in Chief of the English Army on the one part and the Right Honourable Patrick Earl of Lucan Percy Viscount Gallmoy Col. Nic. Purcell Col. Dillon and Col. John Browne on the other side on the behalf of the Irish Inhabitants in the City and County of Lymerick the Counties of Clare Cork Kerry Sligo and Mayo in consideration of the surrender of the City of Lymerick and other Agreements made between the said Lieut. Gen. Ginckel the Governour of the City of Lymerick and the Generals of the Irish Army bearing Date with these Presents for the Surrender of the said City and Submission of the said Army 1. THat the Roman Catholicks of this Kingdom shall enjoy such Privileges in the Exercise of their Religion as are consistent with the Laws of Ireland or as they did enjoy in the Reign of King Charles the Second and Their Majesties assoon as their Affairs will permit them to summon a Parliament in this Kingdom will endeavour to procure the said Roman Catholicks such further Security in that Particular as may preserve them from any disturbance upon the account of their said Religion 2. All the Inhabitants or Residents of Lymerick or any other Garrison now in the possession of the Irish and all Officers and Souldiers now in Arms under any Commission of K. James or those Authorized by him to grant the same in the several Counties of Lymerick Cork Kerry Clare Sligo and Mayo or any of them and all the Commission'd Officers in their Majesties Quarters that belong to the Irish Regiments now in being that are treated with and who are not Prisoners of War or have taken Protection who shall return and submit to Their Majesties Obedience their and every of their Heirs shall hold possess and enjoy all and every their Estates of Free-hold and Inheritance and all the Right Title and Interest Privileges and Immunities which they and every or any of them held enjoyed or were rightfully entitled to in the Reign of K. Charles the Second or at any time since by the Laws and Statutes that were in force in the said Reign of King Charles the Second and shall be put in possession by order of the Government of such of them as are in the King's Hands or the Hands of his Tenants without being put to any Suit or Trouble therein and all such Estates shall be freed and discharged from all Arrears of Crown-Rents Quit-Rents and other publick Charges incurred and become due since Michaelmas 1688 to the Day of the Date hereof and all Persons comprehended in this Article shall have hold and enjoy all their Goods and Chattels real and personal to them or any of them belonging and remaining either in their own Hands or in the Hands of any Persons whatsoever in Trust for or for the Use of them or any of them And all and every the said Persons of what Profession Trade or Calling soever they be shall and may use exercise and practise their several and respective Professions Trades and Callings as freely as they did use exercise and enjoy the same in the Reign of K. James the Second provided that nothing in this Article contained be construed to extend to or restore any forfeiting Person now out of the Kingdom except what are hereafter comprized Provided also That no Person whatsoever shall have or enjoy the Benefit of this Article that shall neglect or refuse to take the Oath of Allegiance made by Act of Parliament in England in the first year of the Reign of their present Majesties when thereunto required 3. All Merchants or reputed Merchants of the City of Lymerick or of any other Garrison now possessed by the Irish or of any Town or Place in the Counties of Clare or Kerry who are absent beyond the Seas that have not bore Arms since Their Majesties Declaration in February 1688 9 shall have the Benefit of the Second Article in the same manner as if they were present provided such Merchants and reputed Merchants do repair into this Kingdom within the space of eight Months from the Date hereof 4. The following Officers viz. Col. Simon Lutterill Col. Rowland White Maurice Eustace of Yearmanstown Cheviers of Maystown commonly called Mount-Linster now belonging to the Regiments of the aforesaid Garrisons and Quarters of the Irish Army who are beyond the Seas and sent thither upon Affairs of their respective Regiments or the Army in general shall have the Benefit and Advantage of the Second Article provided they return hither within the space of eight Months from the Date of these Presents and submit to Their Majesties Government and take the above-mentioned Oath 5. That all and singular the said Persons comprized in the Second and Third Articles shall have a General Pardon of all Attainders Outlawries Treasons Misprisions of Treasons Premunires Felonies Trespasses and other Crimes and Misdemeanors whatsoever by them or any of them committed since the beginning of the Reign of K. James the Second and if any of them are attainted by Parliament the Lords Justices and the General will use their best Endeavours to get the same Repealed by parliament and the Outlawries to be Reversed gratis
all but Writing-Clerks Fees 6. Whereas these present Wars have drawn great Violences upon both Parties and if Leave were given to the bringing of all sorts of private Actions the Animosities would probably continue that have been so long on foot and the publick Disturbances last for the quieting and settling therefore of the Kingdom and the avoiding those Inconveniences which would be the necessary consequence of the contrary no Person or Persons whatsoever comprized in the foregoing Articles shall be sued molested or impleaded at the Suit of any Party or Parties whatsoever for any Trespasses by them committed or for any Arms Horses Moneys Goods Chattels Merchandizes or Provisions whatsoever by them seized or taken during the Time of the War and no Person or Persons whatsoever in the Second or Third Articles comprized shall be sued or made accountable for the Rents or Rates of any Lands Tenements or Houses by him or them reserved or enjoyed in this Kingdom since the beginning of the present War to the Day of the Date hereof nor for any Waste or Trespass by him or them committed in any such Lands Tenements or Houses And it is also agreed that this Article shall be mutual and reciprocal on both sides 7. Every Nobleman and Gentleman comprized in the Second and Third Articles shall have Liberty to ride with a Sword and Case of Pistols if they think fit and keep a Gun in their Houses for the Defence of the same or Fowling 8. The Inhabitants and Residents of the City of Lymerick and other Garrisons shall be permitted to remove their Goods Chattels and Provisions out of the same without being viewed or search'd or paying any manner of Duties and shall not be compelled to leave their Houses or Lodgings they now have therein for the space of six Weeks next ensuing the Date hereof 9. The Oath to be administred to such Roman Catholicks as submit to Their Majesties Government shall be the Oath afore-said and no other 10. No Person or Persons who shall at any time hereafter break these Articles or any of them shall thereby make or cause any other Person or Persons to forfeit or lose the Benefit of the same 11. The Lords Justices and General do promise to use their utmost Endeavours that all Persons comprehended in the above-mentioned Articles shall be protected and defended from all Arrests and Executions for Debt or Damage for the space of eight Months next ensuing the Date hereof 12. Lastly The Lords Justices and the General do undertake That Their Majesties will ratifie these Articles within the space of three Months or sooner and use their utmost Endeavours that the same shall be ratified and confirmed in the Parliament 13. * * Q. Whether it be conform to the Laws of War that one and the same Person should be included in Articles of Surrender of three distinct places as was Col. J. Browne And whereas Col. John Browne stood indebted unto several Protestants by Judgments of Record which appearing to the late Government the Lords Tyrconnel and Lucan took away the Effects the said John Browne had to answer the said Debts which Effects were taken for the publick Use of the Irish and their Army for freeing the said Lord Lucan of his said Engagement past upon their publick Account for payment of the said Protestants for preventing the Ruine of the said John Browne and for satisfaction of his said Creditors at the instance of the said Lord Lucan and the rest of the persons aforesaid it is agreed That the said Lords Justices and Lieut. General Ginckel shall interpose with the King and Parliament to have the Estates secured to Roman Catholicks by Articles and Capitulations in this Kingdom charged with and equally liable to the payment of so much of the said Debts as the said Lord Lucan upon stating Accounts with the said John Browne shall certifie under his hand that the Effects taken from the said John Browne amount unto Account is to be stated and the Balance certified by the said Lord Lucan in 21 Days after the Date hereof For the true performance whereof we have hereunto set our Hands Present Scravemore H. Mackay T. Talmash Charles Porter Tho. Conyngesby Baron De Ginckel AND whereas the said City of Lymerick hath been since in pursuance of the said Articles surrendered unto Vs Now know ye That We having considered of the said Articles are graciously pleased hereby to declare that We do for Vs our Heirs and Successors as far as in Vs lies ratifie and confirm the same and every Clause Matter and Thing therein contained And as to such parts thereof for which an Act of Parliament shall be found to be necessary We shall recommend the same to be made good by Parliament and shall give Our Royal Assent to any Bill or Bills that shall be passed by Our Two Houses of Parliament to that purpose And whereas it appears unto Vs that it was agreed between the Parties to the said Articles that after the Words Lymerick Clare Cerry Cork Mayo or any of them in the second of the said Articles the Words following viz. And all such as are under their Protection in the said Counties should be inserted and be part of the said Articles which Words haivng been casually omitted by the Writer the omission was not discovered till after the said Articles were signed but was taken notice of before the second Town was surrendered And that Our said Justices and General or one of them did promise that the said Clause should be made good it being within the Intention of the Capitulation and inserted in the foul Draught thereof Our further Will and Pleasure is and We do hereby ratifie and confirm the said Words viz. And all such as are under their Protection in the said Counties hereby for Vs our Heirs and Successors ordaining and declaring that all and every Person and Persons therein concerned shall and may have receive and enjoy the Benefit thereof in such and the same manner as if the Words had been inserted in their proper place in the said second Article any omission defect or mistake in the said second Article in any ways notwithstanding Provided always and Our Will and Pleasure is that these our Letters-Patents shall be enrolled in our Court of Chancery in our said Kingdom of Ireland within the space of one Year next ensuing In witness c. Witness Our selâ— at Westminster the Twenty fourth Day of February Anno Regni Regis Reginae Gulielmi Mariae quarto per breve de privato sigillo Nos autem tenorem praemissor praedict ad requisitionem Attornat General Domini Regis Dominae Reginae pro Regno Hiberniae duximus exemplificandum per praesentes In Cujus rei Testimonium has Literas nostras fieri fecimus Patentes Testibus nobis ipsis apud Westmon quinto die Aprilis Annoque Regni eorum quarto Bridges Examinat per Nos S. Keck Lacon W. Child in Cancel Magistros Our
Men had Orders to march into the Irish Town that Night but it was after Sun-set before the Articles We take possession of the Out-Works were signed and therefore Major-General Talmash that was appointed to take possession of the Town did not think it convenient to march in the Night but commanded Count Nassaw's and Colonel Gustavus Hamilton's Regiments to take possession of the Stone-Fort and all the Out-Works of the Irish-Town And on the fourth five of our Regiments march'd in and took possession of the Irish Town wherein we found 14 pieces of Canon and a Church heap'd full of Oats which the Irish had â—nd of the Town the Benefit of according to the Articles The Works were all exceeding strong and the Town as dirty the Irish had left very little else in it however but carried every thing away that might do them the least Service Our Regiments in Town were relieved every day as long as the Army staid because the Place was so disordered that we could not abide long in it till things were in some measure better disposed of At our going in we planted a Guard at one end of Balls-Bridge as the Irish had at the other October the Fifth One hundred Men out of each Foot-Regiment Our Batteries levelled were ordered to level the Works that we had cast up against the Town and about Ten a-Clock the General received a Letter from a Lieutenant-Colonel in the Irish Army complaining that he was imprisoned A Lieutenant-Colonel imprison'd for denying to go with the Irish into France for denying to go with them into France which the General took so very ill that he ordered four Guns to be carried immediately down and planted upon Balls-Bridge saying with some heat that he would teach them to play Tricks with him which my Lord Lucan hearing of for so we may venture to call Lieutenant-General Sarsfield now since the Articles do it he came out to our Camp and several sharp Words passed my Lord Lucan saying at last that he was then in the General 's Power Not so replies the other but you shall go in and then do the best you can but he endeavoured to excuse the thing by saying there were Prisoners of War and Prisoners of State for some Misdemeanors against their Government some of those though not obliged by the Articles they had set at liberty who coming warm from our Camp afterwards they begun to rail and speak dis-respectfully of the Irish Officers for which this Lieutenant-Colonel was imprison'd and not for desiring to leave them so that after some other Replies all things were quiet and the Prisoner enlarged The General however sent ten Field-Pieces and six Canon into the Irish Town and in the Afternoon ordered the following Declaration By Lieutenant-General Ginckel Commander in Chief of Their Majesties Forces THeir Majesties having sufficiently manifested to the World their Intention of bringing this Kingdom into a state of Quiet and Repose and to the flourishing Condition it formerly was in and for that Reason have extended their Grace and Favour to those that till now have been in Arms against them We cannot but let the Officers and Soldiers of the Irish Army know how willing we are to indulge and provide for them that by remaining in this Kingdom or serving Their Majesties abroad had rather promote the British and Irish Interest than the Designs of France against both And do therefore promise and declare that all Officers and Soldiers of the said Army that have a mind to return to their homes shall have leave to do so with all their Goods and Effects and there be permitted to live quietly and peaceably under the Protection and Encouragement of the Government And although by the Capitulation all the Troopers of that Army besides the six hundred that have License to go beyond Sea were to deliver up their Horses without payment to such Persons as shall be appointed to receive the same yet we do hereby give the said Troopers and Dragoons leave to sell their Horses to whom they think fit and will pay them for their Arms upon their giving them up to the Officer commanding the Train of Artillery either in the Irish Town of Limerick or the Camp As also to the Foot-Soldiers they shall likewise be paid for their Arms they bringing them in As for those Officers and Soldiers that are willing to take Service under Their Majesties they shall have Quarters immediately assigned them and receive Subsistence till Their Majesties further Pleasure for which end they may send two Officers of their own to England or elsewhere to receive from Their Majesties themselves what further Orders they shall please to give herein And whereas it has industriously been spread about that such of the Irish as enter into Their Majesties Service will be sent into Hungary and other remote Parts contrary to their Inclinations and Desires We assure them they shall not be obliged to serve in any Place against their Wills no more than be constrained to take Service here or return to their homes they being at full and entire liberty to chuse what part they will take but if once they go into France they must not expect to return into this Kingdom again Given at the Camp by Lymerick the 5th of October 1691. Baron De Ginckel That Afternoon my Lord Lucan and Major-General Waughop made Speeches to the Irish Souldiers in Town and in the King's Island telling them that though they were under indifferent Circumstances at present yet next Spring or soon after they would either be landed in England or else in Ireland with a powerful Army every Officer amongst them keeping their present Posts at least and would always be upon an English Establishment and receive English Pay even in France it self and a great many other Advantages were laid before them which would have seem'd improbable to any but Irish-Men who easily believe what they wou'd have but are as soon dejected at any frivolous Misfortune And whilst they were at this Work the General was settling the Quarters of several of our own Regiments who now had endured a very long and active Campaigne The Sixth in the Morning a Sermon was preached to each Irish Regiment by their Priests declaring the Advantages to them and their Religion by adhering to the French Interest and the Inconveniences nay certain Damnation of joining with Hereticks and then a good Quantity of Brandy given them to wash it down After that the Bishops gave their Blessings and then the whole Body of the Irish Foot were drawn out on the County of The Irish Foot drawn out and put to the trial who would go or stay Clare-side being at least Fourteen thousand Men by Poll. The Lords-Justices and General went over the River to view them Adjutant-General Wythers being appointed to acquaint them with the Advantages of our Service above that of France and how unnatural it was for them to chuse to go serve in a
Souldiers in order according to their Lists they first carried all the Men on Board and many of the Women at the second return of the Boat for the Officers catching hold to be carried on Board were dragged off and through fearfulness losing their hold were drowned but others who held faster had their fingers cut off and so perished in sight of their Husbands or Relations tho' those of them that did get over wou'd make but a sad Figure if they were admitted to go to the late Queen's Court at St. Germaine The Sheriffs for the several Counties in Ireland were prick'd and the same day all the Irish Prisoners that were in Newgate in Dublin were released and my Lord Lucan finding that he had Ships enough for all the Irish that were like to go with him the Number that went before and these Shipt at this time being according to the best computation about 12000 of all sorts he Signs the following Releasement WHereas by the Articles of Limerick Lieutenant My Lord Lucan 's Release to the General General Ginckell Commander in Chief of the English Army did engage himself to furnish ten thousand Tun of Shipping for the Transporting of such of the Irish Forces to France as were willing to go thither and to facilitate their passage to add four thousand Tun more in case the French Fleet did not come to this Kingdom to take off part of those Forces and whereas the French Fleet has been upon the Coast and carried away some of the said Forces and the Lieutenant General has provided Ships for as many of the rest as are willing to go as aforesaid I do hereby delare that the said Lieutenant General is released from any Obligation he lay under from the said Articles to provide Vessels for that purpose and do quit and renounce all farther Claim and Pretension on this Account c. Witness my Hand this 8th of December 1691. Witnesses Lucan Mark Talbot F. H. de la Forest Susannel December the 20th Colonel Langston's and Colonel Monopouillon's Horse and the Prince of Hess's Foot Shipp'd at Dublin for England and Colonel Neuhewson's Horse and the Brandeuburgh Foot march'd into Dublin The 22 d my Lord Lucan and the rest of the Irish Great Officers went on Board the Transport Ships leaving Hostages at Cork for the return of the said All the Irish go off except the Hostages Ships And at the same time Colonel Hasting's Sir David Collier's Colonel Brewer's and Colonel Herbert's Regiments were Shipp'd for England the Government taking all possible Care to Discharge the Kingdom of both Armies who had already brought it into a very low Condition December the 24th an Order was given out to the Comissary General of the Musters or his Deputies to An Order for Mustering all the Irish that came over to us take an exact Muster of all the Irish Forces now in Arms that had come over to our side since the beginning of the Truce at Limerick and they had Quarters allotted them in several places of the Kingdom but behaved themselves after their usual rate for tho' they had Changed their King yet not their Customs for they Taxed the People where they Quartered as they pleased themselves Imprison'd several and Released others as they saw good forced The Irish very unruly in their Quarters the Markets and did a great many other Illegal Tricks Insomuch that Complaint being made to the Lords Justices of those Disorders they writ a Letter to my Lord Kingston December 31. Desiring his Lordship to do them the Country and His Majesty what Service he cou'd in suppressing those Irregularities and to have the Court Martials that were Ordered in several Places put in Execution January the 6th there being no further use of a Marching Hospital in this Kingdom and the same The Marching-Hospital broke being expensive to the Government an Order was given out for the discharging several Physicians and others that attended on the same And now Their Majesties Pleasure being known about the Irish Orders and Instructions were directed to Colonel Foulk Colonel St. Johns and Brigadeer Villers to view and discharge all the Irish Forces except 1400 Choice Men the form of their Commissions for it ran thus By the Lords Justices of Ireland WHEREAS Their Majesties are pleased to Direct Orders and Instructions for breaking the Irish Forces that there be an immediate Regulation of such of the Regiments whether Horse Foot or Dragoons of the late Irish Army as came in and submitted to Their Obedience And We being well assured of the Care Diligence and Circumspection as well as of the Loyalty and Readiness of Colonel John Foulks to do Their Majesties good and faithful Service do hereby appoint him to make the said Regulation and Reform c. The Irish being by the said Instrument commanded January 1692. to obey him and our own Troops and Militia to observe his Directions in their Marching from place to place as he saw occasion The said Colonel Foulk and the other Officers aforesaid had Directions to assure the Irish both Officers and Souldiers of Their Majesties Gracious Disposition towards them tho' the present State of their Affairs wou'd not admit of any more than 1400 Men to be employed at this time and those to be divided into two Battalions Commanded by Colonel Wilson and Balderock O Donnel And that the Officers that were not willing to go home might attend those two Battalions where they wou'd have Subsistance till better provided for As for those that returned to their Habitations and desired to live peaceably at home if they were Souldiers and had their Arms nine Shillings a piece was ordered them but if without Arms they had six Shillings The Officers had a Fortnights Subsistence each to bear their Charges home These Orders and Instructions bore Date the 11th and 12th of January pursuant to which as soon as it cou'd conveniently be done Colonel Wilson's Colonel O Ryley's Colonel Nugent's Lord Iveigh's Lord Dillon's Colonel Cormack Oneal's Colonel Foelix Oneal's Colonel Geoghagan's Colonel O Donnel's Colonel Rourk's Colonel Oxborough's Colonel Lutteril's Horse Colonel Tho. Burk's Troop of Horse Sir Colonel John Burk's Troop Briggadier Clifford's Draggoons Colonel Mackgenni's Draggons were all broke by Colonel Foulk In Munster also Colonel Corbet's Horse were broke by Brigadier Villers And Colonel Mackdermot's Foot Colonel Bryan Oneal's Colonel Rob. Purcel's and Lieutenant Colonel Cahan's were broke by Colonel St. Johns only two Battalions being drawn out of the whole as is said and had Quarters assigned them in the Barrony of Muskerry These Irish had the Name of a great many January 1692. Regiments but scarce an hundred Men in each one with another for they were thin at best and several of them were gone into France having the Names of Regiments there also But after some time all the Irish not laying down their Arms an Order was directed to Sir Francis Hambleton Governour of Donegal to break
themselves whether of English or Irish Extraction to advance the Power of England in that Kingdom Two main Objections answered Religion in the first place to be taken care of An Invasion from France upon that Kingdom England or Scotland at this juncture very improbable A Remark upon the last that endeavour'd it I Have now given you all that I know of this last unhappy Irish Wars that is fit at this juncture to be sent to the Press And it 's more possibly than some Men will thank me for or yet the following Remarks that I am going to make upon the Affairs of that Kingdom and its present Circumstances upon which if any please to throw away another half Hour tho' they find nothing worth taking notice of Yet I hope they 'll have no Reason to be angry since Opinion in things indifferent is free to all Men And we have no better way to conjecture what may be hereafter than by comparing our thoughts of it with what now is and formerly has been Ireland next to Great Brittain is the greatest Island The Circumference of Ireland in Europe esteemed by Sir William Petty at Ten Millions Five Hundred Thousand Irish Acres and by others at Ten Millions Eight Hundred and Sixty Eight Thousand Acres which they reckon to be above 17 Millions of English Measure 121 Irish Acres making about 196 English and yet Sir William Petty computes the Irish Acres to make not above 14 Millions of English accounting nigh two Millions of Acres in Mountains Bogs Strands and other unprofitable Land a great part of which however is capable of improvement and makes Ireland in circumference almost equal to England Wales excepted The Latitude of Ireland North is said to be parallel with Dumfrese in Scotland and South to St. Michael's Mount in Cornwal its Longitude West to the utmost point of Ire Conaght in the County of Galway and East to the head of Houth The Kingdom for many Ages past has been divided Itâ— Division into Provinces and Counties into four Provinces three of which before that Division were commonly distinct Monarchies and sometimes the fourth which by degrees as the English Interest prevailed were subdivided into Counties of which there are thirty two at this day in all the Kingdom The Provinces are Leinster Munster Conaght and Vlster Leinster has eleven Counties Dublin Wicklow and Wexford on the Sea-side East-Meath West-Meath and Carlow within Land tho' with a corner reaching to the Sea Kilkenny Kildare Kings-County Queens-County and Longford are Inland Counties also Munster has six Counties two within Land as Tipperary and Limerick but Waterford Cork Kerry and Clare all on the Coast Conaght has Galway Mayo and Sligo towards the Sea with Roscomon and Letrim within Land Vlster has six Counties on the Sea-side Fermanagh Donegal London-Derry Antrim Down and Louth and four within Land as Cavan Monohan Armagh and Tyrone In the Year 1151 according to Cambden Christianus Into Arch-Bishopricks and Bishopricks Bishop of Lismore Legate of all Ireland and Johannes Paperon Cardinal Priest according to Sir James Ware brought four Palls from Eugenius the third and held a Synod or Council at Kells as some say or at Mellefort according to others whereat were present the Bishops Abbots Kings Captains and Elders of Ireland when by General consent four Arch-Bishopricks were Constituted Armagh Dublin Cashel and Tuam under whom there were 34 other Bishopricks viz. ten subordinate to Armagh five to Dublin twelve to Cashel and seven to Tuam But now they are reduced to 21 in all and those divided into 2278 Parishes and those in a political capacity have eight that are called Cities Dublin Kilkenny Waterford Cork Cashel Clogher Limerick and London-Derry besides about ninety Boroughs and Corporations As to the Natural Advantages of Ireland many People The Soil of Ireland can confirm what Sir John Davis a Man of Wit Learning and Prudence has writ several Years ago viz. That having been in all the Provinces of that Kingdom he had observed the good Temperature of the Air the fruitfulness of the Soil the pleasant and commodious Seats for Habitation the safe and large Ports and Havens lying open for Traffick unto all the West parts of the World the long Inlets of many Navigable Rivers and so many great Lakes and fresh Ponds within Land as the like are not to be seen in any part of Europe the rich Fishings and Wild Fowl of all Kinds And lastly the Bodies and Minds of the People Endowed with extraordinary Abilities of Nature And however it has become a Proverb in England The Irish no such Fools as the World Commonly makes them to call a dull unthinking Fellow a Man of an Irish Understanding yet for any thing appears to the contrary they have acted a Prudent part for at least these Five Hundred Years nor is their crafty insinuating wheedling way as yet any thing abated and whosoever will look amongst the Natives of that Countrey at this juncture will probably find some Knaves but as few Folls as in any other Kingdom of the World But since I have mention'd so Judicious an Author Sir John Davis his Reasons why Ireland has been so long in reducing to the Crown of England as Sir John Davis I suppose it will not be unpleasant to hear some of his Reasons why it has been so long a time before Ireland was entirely subject to the Crown of England and why the English were more apt to run into the Irish Barbarous Customs and imitate their way of living than on the Contrary As to the first of these he mentions four main defects of the Armies that at different times were sent out of England to Conquer Ireland 1. They were for the most part too weak for a Conquest 2. When otherwise as in both the Journies of Richard the Second they were too soon broken up and dissolved 3. They were ill paid and 4. They were ill Govern'd a necessary Consequence of the former Which Inconveniences happen'd because the King 's of England for many Ages together were generally otherwise imploy'd either in the Holy-Land or in France or in their Wars with Scotland or else in that unhappy fewd between the two Houses of Lancaster and York So that they cou'd neither attend the Irish War in their own Persons nor spare a Competency either of Men or Money to compleat the Work which was only begun in King Henry the Second's days rather by a few private Adventurers than by any thing that had the face of a Royal Army And besides the standing Forces were seldom or never reinforced out of England that is in the times towards the beginning of the English Government only the King's Treasure there was spent and wholly spent in the King's service so that in the Reigns of four successive Kings Viz. Henry III. Edward I. Edward II. and Edward III. between the Receipts and Allowances this Entry is commonly found in the Pipe-Rolls In Thesauro
Rex sub eo paratus ad servitium suum ut homo suus c. And King Henry the II. making William Fitz Audelm his Lieutenant of Ireland he hath it thus in his Commission Archiepiscopis Episcopis Regibus Baronibus omnibus fidelibus suis in Hibernia salutem King John also granted divers Characters unto the Irish Lords under the Title of Kings and so did Henry the III d. unto a Petty-King of Thoumond Rex Regi Thoumond Salutem c. Those Governed the People by their Brehon Laws they made their own Magistrates and Officers they Pardoned and Punished all Malefactors and made War and Peace one with another without Controulment After which several Attempts were made and Rebellions more or less broke out in every King's Reign And to omit those of Perkin Warbeck and others in the Reign of Henry 7. The Rebellion of Fitz Gerald and the rest of that Faction in King Henry 8th's time in the Year 1535. cost England Forty Thousand Pounds a Summ reputed so great in those days and so much disturbed that blustering Prince that he called the appeasing this Rebellion a New Conquest and put the Question to his Council how Ireland should be managed to bear the Charge of its own preservation and whether by Act of Parliament every Man's Estate should not be made liable to contribute its proportion or wehther by Virtue of this New Conquest the King might not seize on all the Estates of that Kingdom Temporal and Spiritual Cox 242. But tho' this wou'd not do yet he found out another A Statute against Absentees way to make a Statute against Absentees whereby a great part of the County of Carlow was taken from the Duke of Norfolk and other Lands from other great Men and from some Monasteries in England that held Land in Ireland for that by the absence of these and the neglecting their own private Estates whereby the Irish daily gained ground they brought the Publick into danger However this Rebellious Spirit continued in Ireland all Queen Elizabeth's time even to the ninth of King James the First as Sir John Davis observes but if he had lived in our days he wou'd have seen good reasons to say it was always the Genius of the People And one Mr. Lawrence has since that endeavoured to prove that Ireland was never intirely subjected to the Crown of England nor the Lands properly called the King's Lands until the Act of Settlement passed in the 12th Year of King Charles the Second for before this the Chief Inhabitants in all Cities and Towns were Papists as Sheriffs Justices of the Peace c by which means that Party was wonderfully encouraged and strengthened and besides the Irish before the late Rebellion were by far the greatest Proprietors tho' afterwards they enjoyed not much above a fifth part of the whole that is in propriety by which means and the industrious Management of some of the Chief Governours the English Interest was very far advanced in this Country before the death of King Charles the Second for tho' some Clouds arose before yet the Sun shone pretty clear till the Death of that Monarch made it more than Twilight with the English of that Country and then the late dark Night of Confusion approached so suddenly that it gave them no time to set things in Order till they cou'd not in a manner see where they were a going This put a full stop to the Carreer of all their Prosperity for a great many considerable Buildings and other Improvements in and about Dublin and other places in the Kingdom being pretty far advanced at that Juncture they were left off very abruptly the Workman throwing away his Tools and the Husbandman neglecting his Plow at the News as if they had then foreseen their approaching Misery and were amazed to find the Irish arm so fast on all hands by which they were assured that other sorts of Weapons than they had used for the Country's improving were soon like to grow more in fashion and that to the undoing of what themselves had so honestly endeavoured to make up So that the Irish were not then nor indeed are as yet so subdued as that no further Storm may ever be feared to arise from that corner And certainly the not thorowly endeavouring to make Ireland bear the Charge of its own preservation has in all Ages been very much to the disadvantage of Ireland shou'd be put into a Condition to bear its own Burden England But to carry this no higher than the Year 1595 the time of Tyrone's Rebellion which Cambden in his Annals tells us cost 1198717 l. to suppress Or if we compute the Charge of its first Conquest and the suppressing the several Rebellions from that time till this of Tyrone's to cost but double as much as this did as they needs must since before that Ireland never enjoyed seven Years peace at one time Then I say long e're this all those Rebellions had been forgot and the Trade and Product of Ireland more than trebly recompenced England for her former Blood and Treasure But as the Degenerate English grew more and more in love with the Irish and their Customs and so took their part against England The Charges encreased to more prodigious Sums and they generally make use of it as a great Argument for what they did of late that it was the Blood and Treasure of their Ancestors that first gained that Kingdom to the English Interest and therefore tho' they differed in Opinion yet it was very unreasonable that they should be quite excluded from sharing in the Government with those that were of a much later Date But this Objection is of an older standing than either the former War or this last for we are told that so great Heats have arose formerly between the English of Birth and the English of Blood in Ireland that they held different Parliaments and endeavoured by all means Possible to ruine one another But 't is observ'd by very Learned Men in this Kingdom that tho' the English have often fallen out amongst themselves and there were generally found in many places of the Kingdom such of English extraction as would joyn with the Irish against England yet the People of the Pale were always firm and Loyal to the Crown and the greatest strength that England had against the Irish Nation for which they were often plentifully Rewarded 'till in the Year 1641 they all broke loose which they say was occasioned thus Tho since the first Conquest of Ireland there have been continued feuds in that Kingdom between the People of both Nations upon the account of Interest yet when the Reformation was once set on foot the Breach was widned upon that account it being what the Natives of that Country have always endeavoured to destroy and with it the English Interest there but finding this a very difficult Task by reason that the old English of the Pale tho' many of them were of
the same Religion with the Irish yet they cou'd never be perswaded to stand up for a mere Irish Interest till the Irish in the What Methods the Irish first took to make the old English joyn with them Province of Vlster especially found out the two following Expedients first to intermarry with the English of the Pale and to seek all opportunities of making alliance with them and secondly to perswade the English Gentry always to breed up one of their Sons a Priest by whom and their Irish Wives the English were managed to that degree that tho' at the first breaking out of the Rebellion in 1641. they seemed to detest the Irish ways of proceeding yet in a few Months after a great part of them openly joyned with the Irish and this with the constant troubles in England were the Reasons why that Rebellion was the longest in suppressing A Brief Account of the Expences of the former War and also the most expensive of any before it being on foot 12 Years viz. from the 23 d. of October 1641. until the 26th of September 1653. The Charge to England in suppressing of which and the loss that the Protestant Party in Ireland sustained during this War being computed by Sir John Burlace in his History to amount to Twenty two Millions One Hundred and Ninety One Thousand Two Hundred and Fifty Eight Pounds Three Shillings and Three Pence And others compute the whole Loss Cost and Charges of the King and Protestant Party to suppress the said Rebellion to amount to 34480000 l. And that the English Adventurers who advanced Money upon the Credit of two Acts of Parliament in the Years 41 and 42 paid 70 Years Purchase for that which was not worth above eight and that the Souldiers paid 115 Years purchase for their Debenters but those People have a mad way of reckoning in the multiplying several of their particulars However as to this last War that we have all seen An Essay towards this I pretend not to so great Skill as to know the Expences of it only thus far is easily computed 1. The Army that Landed with Duke Schonberg and that came some time after into Ireland with those of the Derry and Inniskillin Troops received into Pay under his Grace's Command in the Year 1689. being 9 Regiments and 2 Troops of Horse 4 Regiments of Dragoons and 30 Regiments of Foot the whole pay for which in one Year comes to 869410 l. 7 s. 06 d. 2. His Majesty's Royal Army in that Kingdom in the Year 1690 Consisting of 2 Troops of Guards 23 Regiments of Horse 5 Regiments of Dragoons and 46 Regiments of Foot the Pay of which considering the difference between the Numbers in the Foreign Regiments and our own amounts to 1287630 l. 02 s. 00 d. 3 The Army in that Kingdom in the Year 1691. Commanded by Lieutenant General Ginckel being 20 Regiments of Horse 5 of Dragoons and 42 Regiments of Foot whose Pay for that Year came to 1161830 l. 12 s. 10 d. Then the General Officers Pay the Train Bread Waggons Transport Ships and other Contingencies make at least as much more which is 6637742 l. 05 s. 00 d. And the Irish Army living for the most part upon the product of the Country cou'd not cost much less Besides the farther Destruction of the Protestant Interest in that Kingdom by cutting down Improvements burning of Houses destroying of Sheep and Cattle taking away of Horses with Infinite other Extortions and Robberies as also the loss of People on both sides most of which however disaffected yet they were Subjects to the Crown of England As to the particulars of our and their losses of People A modest Conjecture at the Numbers lost on both sides during the War in both Armies since the Landing of Duke Schonberg in Ireland the best Computation I have been able to make by comparing Accounts and conferring on both sides with those that have made some Observations on that matter the thing runs thus Irish Officers killed 00617 Souldiers killed belonging to the Irish Army 12676 Rapparees killed by the Army and Militia 01928 Rapparees hanged by Legal Process or Court-Marshal 00112 Rapparees killed and hanged by Souldiers and others without any Ceremony 600 Officers killed in the English Army 00140 Soldiers killed in the Field 02037 Murdered privately by the Rapparees that we had no account where they died 00800 English and Foreign Officers died during the three Campaigns 00320 Souldiers dead in the English Army since our Landing in Ireland 7000 Tho' its to be observed that in the two last Campaigns there died very few except Recruits and such as died of their Wounds Nor are we to believe that the Irish did not lose a great many by Sickness also but no doubt the Destruction of the People in the Country wou'd do more than double all these Numbers so that by the Sword Famine and all other accidents there has perished since first the Irish began to play their mad Pranks there have died I say in that Kingdom of one sort and another at least One Hundred Thousand Young and Old besides treble the Number that are Ruined and undone All which being considered it 's certainly most expedient to find out an Eternal Remedy that the like may never happen again And this I humbly suppose must not be any endeavour to root out and destroy the Irish but in the advancing the English Interest both in Church and State in that Kingdom so as to make the Irish themselves in love with it And tho' it has been the Ruining Fate of that Kingdom The Interest of England to advance the Power of the English in Ireland to have some great Men both in Court and Parliament Judge it the Interest of England to keep Ireland poor and low and it may seem strange to hear an English Man by Birth and a meer Stranger to the having any Interest in Ireland to endeavour the contradicting of it But in my humble Opinion whatsoever may be allowed in this as to the promoting the private Advantages of a great many Trading People and even Men of Estates in England which all would suffer by the advancing of these in Ireland yet it 's so far from being the real Interest either of the Kingdom of England to cramp Ireland in its Prosperity that the Wealth and Greatness of Ireland in Trade and Manufactures is to be promoted both by the King and People of England as much as possibly it can And first as to the Kings of England it is the same thing to them whether they have their Customs from Bristol or Dublin from Cork or Newcastle c. or whether their Levies of Men when occasion offers are made in the Counties of Wickloe and Waterford Cumberland or Yorkshire provided the Interest were one and the same in both Kingdoms And as to the People of England in general one shou'd think it 's their business to promote and encourage the Trade and
Prosperity of Ireland that thereby it might not only support it self in time of Peace but defend and maintain it self in War which nothing but promoting its Trade and Wealth will do For what Ireland cannot do in order to its safety England must supply to prevent its own danger since if ever a Foreign Enemy Surprize and Possess Ireland especially the French then England must maintain a greater Standing Force to secure themselves than wou'd have secured Ireland if imploy'd in its defence it being no groundless Saying of some Old-fashion'd Poet. He that wou'd England win Must with Ireland first begin For tho' in former times when little or no Shipping appear'd upon these narrow Seas and France and other Countries knew not what it was to have a Fleet and there was but small Commerce even between England and Ireland themselves yet in this active Age of the World it wou'd go very hard with England if the French shou'd possess Ireland who have all the Harbours from Dunkirk to Brest and if they had Cork Baltimire and Bantry where wou'd our Western Trade be Besides by the possessing the Eastern Coasts of Ireland they wou'd surround three parts in four of England and a great part of Scotland and cou'd Invade either when they pleas'd which wou'd necessitate England to be always at the Charge of a Considerable Standing Army and then farewell both their Wealth and long enjoy'd Liberty And so sensible have our Ancestors been of something or other to be done in this Affair that Sir Henry Sidney that most excellent Governour who had spent great part of his time in that Kingdom holding a Parliament Our Ancestors sensible of this there for a Subsidy in the Eleventh Year of Queen Elizabeth He with the Lords and Commons in the Preamble to the Act of Parliament thus express themselves to the Queen Considering the infinite masses of Treasure able to purchase a Kingdom that your Noble Progenitors have exhausted for the Government Defence and Preservation of Your Majesties Realm of Ireland c. Which Evils still remaining the Remedies are as yet The former Evilâ— still remain to be found out at least to be put in practice for tho' the War be now happily ended yet there are at this day at least three differnt Interests on Foot in that Kingdom the English Irish and Scots the first of which seem to be the least concern'd in their own advancement but the last gain ground daily in the North there being at least Ten Thousand People come thither out of Scotland within these Twelve Months which in time will make their Party Considerable for the People of England live better than the Scots at home and so are not so easily invited to look abroad Whereas the Scots their part of Ireland by this means in a few Years is like to be more than it has been And as to the Irish every one sees their indefatigable Industry in promoting the Interest of their own Party no discouragements being able to blunt but rather serve to sharpen their endeavours for the effecting of what they believe may be some steps towards their future Prosperity making every particular Man's Case a general Grievance and each assisting other as being all concerned in the same general cause whilst the English even in that Country who still feel the smart of their former Calamities will yet rather sett their Lands to an Irish Man or a Scot that shall give them Sixpence in an Acre more and never improve it further than to an English Farmer that if he had Encouragement wou'd in a few Years make good Improvements which will still continue one great reason why Ireland will not easily be made an English Country But I can carry the matter yet higher and affirm that The Interest of the Irish Papists themselves to Advance the Power of England it 's the real Interest of the Roman Catholicks of Ireland themselves whether of Irish or English Extraction to promote that of England as much as they can in their Country if they will but consult the future safety of themselves and their Posterity since without the support of some other Nation they can never hope of themselves to be an Independant Kingdom and if they were we scarcely can find out how they wou'd agree amongst themselves who should Command or who Obey which they never could yet from the beginning do and what did the Irish ever get by accompanying either their Lords or Followers into Rebellion Or what should they have gotten if the late Attempt had absolutely succeded but a more absolute Servitude under the French And therefore it 's better for them to have their old English Friends they have been so long acquainted with than run the hazard of either setting up new Tyrants of their own or having them come to 'em from abroad Besides if the English Interest were strong and powerful in Ireland this wou'd cut off the hopes of all disaffected People for ever thinking to withstand it and wou'd make them reject all Tenders from abroad and Inticements from their Jesuited Priests at home and never wou'd they more run such desperate Risks which still fall upon their own heads at last so that if the English Interest were so fortified that all hopes of removing it were cut off the Irish would not be prevailed upon to make such destructive attempts to themselves and Posterities as they often have done hitherto by the Insinuations of their Priests who have nothing to lose nor Families to provide for but only hazard the Lives and Fortunes of others that have both Since as Sir William Petty observes there are and ever will be in England Men ready for any Exploit and Change either by being discontented with their present Condition or otherways well inclined to the service more than are sufficient to quell any Insurrection which the Irish can make and abide by Which wou'd spare both the Blood and Treasure of England if those of that Nation in Ireland cou'd do it of themselves There are only two Objections that I know of which Two Objections answered seem to be considerable against this Opinion of promoting the Trade and Wealth of Ireland The first that if Ireland should be encouraged so far as to make it altogether an English Country it would drain the wealth and Inhabitants of England to that degree that we should impoverish our selves by putting our Trade into their hands who wou'd be equal if not Superiour to us in a small time since their Country lies as Convenient in all respects for Trade as ours and has several Advantages above it Answer This would rather incourage England to be more industrious in Trade and Manufactures when they saw their younger Sister of Ireland by having the same priviledges of Trade with her self begin to contend with her in this particular and would create a profitable emulation amongst the People of both Kingdoms since I have not that Opinion of Trade that