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kingdom_n	france_n	time_n	year_n	1,932	5	4.5978	4	false

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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A35174	A discourse concerning the East-India-trade. A discourse concerning the East-India-trade, shewing how it is unprofitable to the kindome of England. Being taken out of an essay on trade; written by Mr. John Cary, merchant in Bristol, in the year 1695. To which are added some observations of Sir Jos. Child and of the author of the Essay on ways and means relating to trade. And also, a copy of the French King's decree, concerning printed callicoes.	Cary, John, d. 1720?; Cary, John, d. 1720? Essay on the state of England in relation to its trade.	1699 (1699)	Wing C726; ESTC R213487	9,729	17

their Advantage as the purchasing their Product and Manufactures with Money especially if they pay for what they buy And as for their Competitors the Dutch if they were not better defended against them by our Fleets at home and the Protection of the Princes they Trade with than by all the Force they have there the Trade had been ill secured and must have sunk long ago Only those great Words serve to hold us amused whilst their Guineas in the two last Reigns were the Support of their Charter One thing which I aim at in this Discourse is to persuade the Gentry of England to be more in Love with our own Manufactures and to encourage the wearing them by their Examples and not of Choice to give Imployment to the Poor of another Nation whilst ours starve at home A Decree of the French King's Councel of State concerning Callacoes printed in East-India or painted in the Kingdom and other China and India Silks Stuffs and flowred with Gold and Silver Given the 26th of October 1686. THE King being informed That the great quantities of Callicoes Printed in East-India or Painted in the Kingdom and other China and India Silks Stuffs and Stuffs flowered with Gold and Silver have not only given occasion of Transporting many Millions but also have diminished the Manufactures of Old Established in France for making of Silk Woollen Linnen and Hemp-Stuffs and at the fame time the Ruin and Destruction of the Working People who by want of Work having no Occupation or Subsistence for their Families are gone out of the Kingdom the which being needful to provide a Remedy for and for that effect to hinder the Trade and Sale in the Kingdom of the said printed Callicoes and India and China Silks and Stuffs nevertheless granting to the Owners a reasonable time to sell them in Having heard the report of Monsieur Pelletier Counsellor Ordinary of the King 's Royal Council and Comptroller-General of the Finances his Majesty in his Council hath ordered and doth order that from the beginning of the day of the Publication of the present Decree all the Manufacturers Established in the Kingdom for Painting of the white Callicoes shall be Abolished and the Moulds serving to the Printing of them shall be broke and destroyed His Majesty doth forbid most expresly the Re-establishing thereof Also to his Subjects the Painting of the said Callicoes and to the Engravers the making of any Moulds serving to the said Impressions under the Penalty of losing the said Callicoes Moulds and other Utensils and Three Thousand Livres Fine to be paid without diminution one third part to the Informer the second part to the Hospitals of the place the third to the Farmers of the Revenue And as concerning the Painted Callicoes and other China and India Silks Stuffs and Stuffs flowered with Gold and Silver his Majesty hath granted and doth grant to the last of December 1687. next to the Merchants and others the permission of selling them as they shall think sit The said time being expired his Majesty doth forbid all Persons of what Quality and Condition whatsoever they are the exposing and selling thereof and to particulars the buying thereof doth order That those found in all Ware-Houses and Shops shall be burnt and the Proprietors condemned to the like Fine of Three Thousand Livres paid as abovesaid His Majesty doth permit nevertheless the Entry Sale and Retail of the said white Callicoes in his Kingdom paying for them the Taxes according to the Decree of the Council the 30th of April last which shall be Executed and that of the 15th of the present Month to the last of December 1687. next year His Majesty doth command the Lieutenant of the Policy of the City of Paris and the Intendants and Commissaries of the Provinces and Generalties of the Kingdom to cause the present Decree to be Executed being published and affixed in all Places where need shall be that no body should be ignorant thereof Done in the King's State Council held at Fontainbleau Signed COQUILLE Observation of Sir Josiah Child THat Wooll is eminently the Foundation of English Riches and that the ways to equalize or over-ballance our Neighbours in our National Profit by our Foreign Trade are Disicourse of Trade p. 127. To prevent the Exportation of our Wooll and encourage our Woollen Manufactures To encourage those Foreign Trades most that vend most of our Manufactures and that Supply us with Materials further to be Manufactured in England Page 156. That it 's our Interest by Example and other Means not distastful above all kind of Commodities to prevent as much as may be the Importation of Foreign Manufactures Page 161. That it is multitudes of People and such Laws as cause an Encrease of People which principally enrich any Country Preface That Lands tho' excellent without hands proportionable will not enrich any Kingdom That whatever tends to the Depopulating any Kingdom tends to the Empove rishment thereof Page 165 167. That it is our Duty to God and Nature to Provide for and Employ the Poor That such as our Employment is for the People so many will our People be Page 56. 174. That it 's the Interest of a Kingdom the Poors Wages should be high for wherever Wages are high throughout the whole World it is an infallible Evidence of the Riches of that Country and wherever Wages for Labour runs low it 's a proof of the Poverty of that place Preface Extracted out of the Discourse of Trade writ by Sir Jos Child That the Expence of Foreign Commodities especially Foreign Manufactures is the worst Expence a Nation can be inclinable to and ought to be prevented as much as possible Some Observations of the Author of the Essay on Ways and Means relating to the East-India Trade 'T IS evident that our Woollen Goods are sold in several Countries namely Holland Hamburgh Germany the Hans Towns and all the East Countries many of which Places will not be able to take off our Woollen Goods unless we deal for their Linnens And in Fact and by Experience it has been seen in the Case of the East-India Trade since there has been Imported from thence vast quantities of Linnens such as Callicoes Muslins Romals for Handkerchiefs which answered the ends of Lawns Cambricks and other Linnen Cloth we have hot Exported that vast quantity of Draperies to those Northern Parts of which Sir Walter Rawleigh makes mention As our Call for their Linnens has diminished their Call for our Draperies has proportionably decreased and not only so but these People have been compelled by Necessity to fall upon making course Woollen Cloth by which they supply themselves and other Places which heretofore we were wont to furnishi Taken out of the Essay upon the probable Methods of making a People Gainers in the Balance of Trade page 128. FINIS

A Discourse concerning the East-India-Trade A DISCOURSE Concerning the East-India-Trade Shewing how it is Vnprofitable to the Kingdom of England Being Taken out of An ESSAY on TRADE Written by Mr. JOHN CARY Merchant in Bristol in the Year 1695. To which are added Some Observations of Sir Jos Child and of the Author of the Essay on Ways and Means Relating to Trade AND ALSO A Copy of the French King's Decree Concerning Printed Callicoes London Printed for E. Baldwin in Warwick-Lane 1699. A Discourse concerning the East-India Trade shewing it to be Vnprofitable to the Kingdom of England being taken out of an Essay on Trade East-Indies THE East-India Trade for many Reasons I take to be mischievours to the Kingdom To clear this we are to consider how a Trade may be advantagious or detrimental to a Nation and then to draw Inferences I shall therefore lay down such general Notions as may without dispute be allowed by all unbyassed Persons which are these 1. That that Trade is advantagious to the Kingdom of England which Exports our Product and Manufactures 2. Which Imports to us such Commodities as may be manufactured here or to be used in making our Manufactures 3. Which supplies us with such things without which we cannot carry on our Foreign Trade 4. Which encourages our Navigation and increases our Seamen And consequently that Trade which exports little or none of our Product or Manufactures nor supplies us with things necessary to promote Manufactures at home or carry on our Trade abroad nor encourages Navigation cannot be supposed to be advantagious to this Kingdom especially when it s Imports hinder the consumption of our own Manufactures and more especially when those Imports are chiefly the purchase of our Bullion or Treasure And because I would be rightly understood in my third Proposition I mean those Commodities without which we are not able to fit out our Ships for a foreign Trade such as are Pitch Tar Hemp Sail-Cloth Masts Timber and such like These are so absolutely necessary that we must have them though purchased for Bullion as being the chief Hinges whereon Trade turns and the Tools by which we Mechanically navigate our Ships those Bulky Mediums of Foreign Trade But for those things which are Imported only in order to be Exported again as Commodities to Trade on these cannot be so advantagious to this Kingdom as they may be to the Dutch who having little Land are maintained rather by Buying and Selling than Manufacturing whereas England being a large spot of Ground and having a great Product of its own besides what comes from our Plantations capable to be wrought up or manufactured here gets by the Imployment of its People therefore it would be the great Wisdom of our Govenment to regulate all Foreign Trades by such Methods as may best make them useful in the promoting our Manufactures How England may be said to be enricht by Trade Here it will not be amiss to consider again how and in what manner a Nation may be said to be enriched by Trade for there must be a difference made between a Nations growing Rich and particular Mens doing so by it And I humbly propose that it may be possible for private Men to be vastly improved in their Estates and yet at the Years end the Wealth of the Nation not to be a whit greater than at the beginning and this both in an Inland and Outland Trade for whilst the thrifty Shop-keeper buys at one Price and sells at another to the prodigal Beaux and the industrious Artificer vents his Labour to the idle Drone and the politick Contriver out wits the unthinking Bully one raises his Fortunes on the others decay the same for our Outland Trade if we Export the true Riches of the Nation for that which we consume on our Luxury tho' private Men may get by each other yet the Wealth of the Nation is not any way encreased For suppose by one Hundred Butts of Wines the Importer gets Five Hundred Pounds yet when drank among our selves the Nation is not thereby Richer but Poorer and so much poorer as those Wines cost at first for if Imported by English Men in English Ships we lose but the first Purchase the rest being Freights Customs and Profits are divided amongst our selves but if they are brought in by Foreigners the Nation loses all but the Customs I take the true Profits of this Kingdom to consist in that which is produced from Earth Sea and Labour and such are all our Growth and Manufactures To apply this now to the East-India Trade we will first consider what are its Exports and Imports and then inquire Cui Bono Whether the Contest for this Trade doth proceed from a design to serve the Nation or from Principles of Self-Interest Or whether the Members of that Company who strive so much about it would if in other Circumstances still be of the same Mind For Principles that are in themselves true are always so we may change our Opinions but they do not change their Certainty I confess as the state of the Nation alters so must our Measures in Trade but then it must appear that the State of the Nation and not our private Interests makes us to alter them Now when I find that it is not the true Interest of this Nation to advance the Product and Manufactures thereof I shall change my Opinion First then to begin with their Exports and here I need not say much it 's generally allowed by the Traders themselves that our Product and Manufactures are the least part thereof consisting chiefly in Gold and Silver But it 's alledged that in Returns they Import such Goods which being again Exported do bring from Foreign parts much more Treasure in specie which leads me secondly to consider what those Imports are and what becomes of them They chiefly are Saltpeter Pepper Callicoes Druggs Indigo and Silks both wrought and raw many of which Commodities are very necessary as well for our Home Expence as to export again others vastly prejudicial to us as they hinder the consumption of our own Manufactures both Abroad and at Home and this latter outweighs the former Callicoes and wrought Silks are the things I chiefly aim at and hope to make it plainly appear that those two Commodities do us more prejudice in our Manufactures than all the Advantage they bring either to private Purses or to the Nation in general and it were to be wisht the Wisdom of our Parliament would prohibit their being worn in England else like the ill-favoured lean Kine they will destroy the use of our Manufactures which might be fitted to answer all the ends they serve for Nor is the lessening the wearing our own Manufactures at home all the Mischief Callicoes have done us their Importation having thrown out the wearing of Silesia and other German Linnens hath been attended with as bad a Consequence from thence where those Looms which were formerly imployed on

weaving them were thereon turned to the Woollen Manufactures wherewith they not only furnish themselves but Poland which hath made those Countries very careful to increase and improve their breed of Sheep whose Wool was generally brought hither before and used in making Hats but is now much of it wrought up there for when we slighted their Manufactures they fell on ours whereas if we had encouraged the Wearing their Linnen they would have still depended on us for Woollen This hath been a means to abate the Exportation of many thousand Pieces of Cloth which would have brought more Advantage to the Nation than all the Trade we have driven to the East-Indies and will never be retrieved till we return again to the use of their Linnens He that considers how wonderfully Fashions prevail on this Nation may soon satisfie himself how things of little value come to be prized and to justle out those of greater worth Fashion is Fancy which as it hath of late Years brought in a disuse of our native Commodities by Imitation so if our Nobility and Gentry would turn their Fancies to them again I doubt not it would have the same Effect and if our Workmen could receive Encouragement no question the Genius of this Kingdom would soon reach to such a pitch as to answer all the Uses of both those Commodities even with a Thread spun out of Sheeps Wool It was scarce thought about twenty Years since that we should ever see Callicoes the Ornaments of our greatest Gallants for such they are whether we call them Muslins Shades or any thing else when they were then rarely used save in Shrouds for the Dead and that chiefly among the Poor who could not go to the Price of finer Linnen and yet were willing to imitate the Rich but now few think themselves well drest till they are made up in Calicoes both Men and Women Calico Shirts Neckcloths Cuffs Pocket-Handkerchiefs for the former Head-Dresses Night-royls Hoods Sleeves Aprons Gowns Petticoats and what not for the latter besides India-Stockings for both Sexes and indeed it will be a hard matter to put them out of this Fancy nothing but an Act of Parliament or humour of the Court can do it the latter is the most natural means and would easier make way to introduce the former for besides that 't would bring with it the Prayers of the Poor for those who have cut them out new Imployments it would likewise wonderfully tend to advance the Gentlemens Estates first by expending their Wool and next by keeping the Poor at Work who would consume more Wheat and Barly Beef and Mutton in their Houses and yet they need not fear having Labourers enough in their Harvests though perhaps at a little higher Rates which would be abundantly made up by an Advance on the Product of their Lands besides what would be saved in the Poor's Rates and it hath been a constant Observation grounded on Reason that this Nation never thrives more than when the Labour of the Poor is at such Prices as they may live comfortably by it We will next consider 1. How far the Manufactures of this Kingdom have been already made to answer the uses of Indian Silks and Calicoes and what did encourage it 2. What farther Improvement may be made thereon and the means to bring it about 3. Why the People of England are so much against their Native Manufactures as to be more in love with Calicoes and Indian Silks 1. As to the first I will go no farther than the Act for burying in Woolen how averse were the People of England to it at first as if the Dead Could not rest easie in their Graves if wrapt in our Native Commodities or that it would trouble them inter Hades that they had occasionally given Imployment to their poor surviving Country-men no the Fault was not there Experience hath taught us that it 's all one to them and Time hath more reconciled us to that Statute when we saw the good Effects it produced by putting our People on making so many pretty sort of Woolen Vestments as ornamental to the Dead as the other formerly were thought to be and of such different Finenesses and Prices that Qualities are so easily distinguished by them and since our dead Friends were to be drest in our native Wool we thought it most seemly to imitate them by wearing the same at their Funerals hence it came to pass that our Mourning Attire was made of White Crape a Garb not only Decent and Profitable But Honourable to the Nation as it both shewed our esteem for our Woolen Manufactures and also how soon those employed therein could turn their Hands to any sort of Work 2. Let us consider what farther Improvements may be made on the Manufactures of this Kingdom to answer the Ends of Indian Silks and Calicoes and the means to bring them about here let us see what Progresses have already been made step after step by our Manufactures to imitate and in many things to exceed all they have seen from abroad witness those noble rich Silks wherein they have attained to so great a height Our brave noble Arras or Tapestry of all Prices not to be out done by those very Nations from whom we at first learned the Art and this is allowed by all that the English Workmen in great things out-do their Patterns and no doubt they may soon turn their Hands to a slight Manufacture which People do now chiefly desire and I take to be as profitable to the Nation how are we come from a strong and stubborn to a slight thin broad Cloth from thence to Stuffs Perpets Sayes Rashes Shalloones Garzes and lately to Antherines which last look as handsom as Indian Silks and serve as well in Linings for our Cloaths also Crapes of such different sorts both of Silk and Wool that not only Cloths for Men and Women are made thereof but also Hatbands Cuffs Neckcloths Hoods Head-Dresses c. Now was there a Law to encourage or would the Nobility and Gentry of this Kingdom by their Examples promote the wearing our own Manufactures no doubt they might be soon brought to answer all the ends of Indian Silks and Calicoes and I cannot see what reason may be given against a total Prohibition of their being worn in England which will be the quickest way to have them disused 3. The third is to enquire why the People of England are so much against their native Manufactures as to be more in love with Calicoes and Indian Silks The chief Reason is Fashion and Imitation of one another though many others are alledged as the Ruffness and ill Colour of Woollen which keeps it from answering the ends of Calicoes its Weight and Thickness which renders it improper for the ends of slight Silks in Linings These are not substantial but pretended Reasons and would as well serve against Calicoes and Indian Silks were we more used to our Native Manufactures and they now to be introduced