considering the great merit of D. Payo Correa before spoken of made him General for the conquest of Algarve He acted therein with the success that was hoped of his conduct taking several strong holds among which were Estombar and Alvor Garcia Rodrigues who had travelled that Country as a Merchant was his principal Guide having forsaken the pursuit after Riches to purchase Honour with his Sword Paderne was also taken but cost dear the success remaining a long time dubious The Enemy having proposed a Cessation of Arms it was granted because our forces fatigued with so many expeditions required some time of refreshment During this Truce the Commendary Peter Perez with five Gentlemen went out to hunt in the Mountains of the Village of Antas In their passage by Tavira a City belonging to the Moors they were set upon by a greater number of Infidels Garcia Rodriguez the Merchant above mentioned passing that way hasted to their succour and after a brave resistance they were all killed upon the place D. Payo Correa could not come time enough to save their lives though upon the first advice of the accident he hasted thither Seeing his Friends could not be saved he fell upon the Enemy for revenge and they flying to the City he entred it together with them and though he met with a vigorous resistance made himself Master of it King Sancho hearing of the taking of Tavira gave it to the Knights of Santiago 4. The conquest of Silves only was wanting to compleat our General 's Glory Silves again recovered His Policy and Celerity brought it about the Enemy offering him a favourable opportunity The Inhabitants of that place went out to assist King Aben Afan at the Siege of Estombar D. Payo instead of relieving the Besieged attacked Silves then forsaken of its Defendants and easily made himself Master of it The Moorish King hasting to succour the City came late for his design but in time for D. Payo who rushing out of the City put him to flight so precipitately that he was drowned on the Coast which in memory of him is to this day called the Sea of Abenafan Thus all Algarve was brought under the power of King Sancho The Pope about this time having invited all Christian Princes to joyn their Forces against the Tartars 1244. King Sancho provided a Gallant Army for that Expedition but all his Preparations were disappointed for he went not as he had designed Roderick Sanchez Son to King Sancho I. having been long at variance with Giles de Soverosa a powerful Man in those days they met with armed Troops near the City Porto and after a sharp Engagement the dispute ended with the life of Roderick Sanchez who was there slain In this Encounter Roderick Fafes a Man of Note having lost his Horse asked Gonzalo Rodriguez de Abreu to give him his he gave it upon condition the other should give him his Daughter Mencia in Marriage which according to promise Fafes afterwards performed 5. The King continued to bestow liberally most rich Possessions on the Church The subjects ripe for rebellion tho' the King was blameless His goodly Actions deserved no less love of his Subjects than any of his Predecessors but it is not always Merit that gains esteem among Men. Envy towards his Favourites produced Malice against him nor was the fault in his Government or in choosing such Ministers but that all who aspired to it could not be Favourites There never is wanting a pretence to subjects disposed to rebell The King easing himself on his Favourites the Portuguese gave out he was uncapable to Govern and therefore proposed to erect a Lieutenant to manage affairs for him and made application to the Pope hereupon having fixed upon the King's Brother Alonso to fill that place and succeed him It was want of Loyalty in them and not of capacity in him that produced this Resolution One objection raised against King Sancho by his Enemies They cavil at all his Actions was That he had married a Wife below his Quality and was too fond of her Weak motives to a Rebellion especially considering his Queen was the Daughter of D. Lope Diaz de Haro Lord of Biscay and of Vrraca bastard Daughter to Alonso IX King of Leon so that she was equal to him either as being both the Off-spring of the same King's Bastards or as to grandeur her Father wanting nothing but the usurped Title of King to make him as great as he of Portugal It is true the Queen favouring those who had been instrumental in advancing her to the Crown hid some miscarriages from the King which gave occasion to the multitude to commit several insolencies and the King not punishing them whilst he could had not afterwards the power to do it when he would Some would have it that the Queen had given her Husband a Potion the more to secure his love to her and to divert him wholly from the care of the Government 6. The tumultuous Cryes of the People not prevailing The Clergy joins in the Rebellion with the Laity the Clergy took upon them to espouse their Quarel and had recourse to Pope Gregory IX who thundered out Ecclesiastical Censures against the King on account of his being Married to Queen Mencia who was his Kinswoman within the prohibited degree The King making no account of the Spiritual Weapons the People mutinied being headed by Raymund Viegas Portocarreo a Man of quality The Rebels seize the Queen and breaking into the Palace at Coimbra took away the Queen and put her into the Castle of Ourem This exasperated the King to that height that gathering what force he could he endeavoured to recover her but all in vain for the Rebels conveyed her into Castile The King betrayed by all his Ministers Now it plainly appeared that King Sancho was rather Unfortunate than unfit to Govern for even the Ambassadors he employed abroad betrayed him He sent John Egas Archbishop of Braga and Peter and Tiburicus Bishops of Porto and Coimbra to Rome and they forgetting they were sent by their Prince became Sollicitors for the Rebels who held correspondence there Hereupon a Council was held at Lions in France assembled by Pope Innocent IV. and King Sancho having sent thither his Ambassadors Ruy Gomez de Briteiros Gomez Viegas Peter Alonso a Franciscan and Dominick de Braga a Dominican they joyned with the mutinous Prelates Alonso Brother to King Sancho made Vicar of the Kingdom by the Rebels and thereupon Count Alonso Brother to King Sancho then Married in France to Maud Countess of Bolen was at Paris Sworn Vicar of the Kingdom and as such confirmed by the Pope yet so that King Sancho should still retain the Title and Preheminence of King and his Sons if he had any should inherit This new Substitute brought more harm than good to the Kingdom for his followers treated him as a King and he assumed that respect which did not belong to him
St. Michael the Archangel is said to have been seen by his side hewing down the Infidels Hence he went to the Monastery of Alcobaca to return thinks to God for this success and staying there a Month is said to have instituted a new order of Knighthood called that of the Wing for that in the Battle he saw a winged Arm near him fighting against the Moors which the King supposing to be St. Michael or his Guardian Angel he dedicated the order to them both The chief Rules were that the Knights should wear a red Wing embroidered with Gold that none but Gentlemen of Note should be admitted to the Order that in fight they should carry the Royal Standard that they should take the Oath of Allegiance administred by the Prior of Alcobaca who was to be superior of the Order that they should every day say the same Prayers as did the Converts of that Monastery that their Feast should be observed on Michaelmass Day The King and principal Men were enrolled in this Order but it was not lasting 5. At this time there was in the Portuguese Court Gonzalo Hermiguez his actions a Gentleman called Gonzalo Hermiguez much esteemed of the Ladies for his Eloquence and Art in Poetry and no less envied of the Men as well for those Qualities as for that his extraordinary Actions had purchased him the Title of Moor Swallower This Gentleman with a party that used to follow him passed over the River Tagus before it was light on Midsummer Day from Lisbon to Almada and there lay in Ambush The Moors according to their Custom coming out that Morning with their Women to be merry upon the Banks of the River he suddenly rushed out upon them expecting no such Entertainment and made a great slaughter of them The Infidels strove to defend themselves but in vain for he carried off a rich Booty to his Boats Being ready to put off he espied a Moor carrying away a beautiful Woman and leaping again ashore he forced her from him and so made over to Santarem with his Prey Of all the booty he took nothing to himself but the fair Captive whom Baptized he made his Wife She soon after dying he was so afflicted that leaving the World he took upon him the habit of St. Bernard in the Monastery of Alcobaca and out of his own Patrimony having no Children founded the Monastery of St. Mary de Tumarayâ— near Ourem Much about this time it is recorded that the King being near the mouth of the River Mondego found a small Chappel with the Image of our B. Lady which restored to life one of his Servants killed with a fall from his Horse An old Hermit told him it was the same that had preserved all the Women and Children killed by John the Abbot as was said in its place when he sallied out of Montemayor and unexpectedly overthrew a multitude of Infidels This moved the King to erect a Monastery there called at present St. Mary de Seica and the Image being several times removed from the poor Chappel to the magnificent Church of this Monastery is said always of it self to have returned to its own place Peter the King's Bastard Brother ranging abroad met a party of Moors conducting a Beautiful Lady with much Treasure all which having routed them he took Cide Achim a Moor of Silves who courted this Lady begged her of the King or else desired him to keep him also for his slave The King referred him to his Brother Peter who not only restored to him the Lady but all the Treasure taken with her upon condition he should send no succours to Lisbon which it seems was not then taken 6. Peter of Peter Bastard Brother to Alonso Bastard Brother to King Alonso was sent into France to prevail with St. Bernard to use his interest with the Pope for to obtain his investiture and confirmation of the new Kingdom of Portugal To omit what is too Romantick concerning this Peter he is said for his extraordinary valour to have been admitted into the number of the 12 Peers of France and that preparing to accompany that King to Hierusalem he was diswaded by St. Bernard who advised him rather to act against the Moors in Spain He followed his advice and was at the taking of Santarem Lisbon Trancoso Badajoz and other great Actions After this he was chosen Master of the new instituted order of Knight-hood called that of Avis which Honour he obtained of the King that he might not be obliged by him to Marry Returning one day with a party from an Engagement with the Moors he laid down in a Field and fell a Sleep at which time St. Bernard appeared to him in a Dream perswading him to take upon him the Habit of his Order which he accordingly performed and lived 13 Years in the Monastery of Alcobaca with an extraordinary opinion of Sanctity 7. The Dominions of Portugal being now enlarged from a small Dower given by the King of Leon with his Bastard Daughter to the proportion of a considerable Kingdom King Alonso sued to Pope Alexander III. for his invessiture in the same offering to pay to the See of Rome for ever two pound of Gold yearly as an acknowledgment of his holding that Crown of the Pope His Holiness granted his request and accordingly expedited his Bulls to that effect in the Year 1172. 1172. Hereupon the Cortes or Parliament was assembled at Lamego Pope Alexander grants the Investiture of the Kingdom of Portugal to Alonso under a Tribute in which pursuant to these Bulls the King was crowned with a Crown of Gold by the Archbishop of Braga and all the States there assembled unanimously voted their Kingdom independent of the Crown of Leon For the better regulating of the succession it was enacted That the King's Sons should inherit and for want of them his Brothers whose Sons should not succeed them without consent of the People That Daughters might Inherit provided they Married not out of the Kingdom that their Husband should not be called King till the Queen had a Son that he should not wear the Crown on his Head in Parliament that if she Married a Forreign Prince she should not inherit least the Crown should be transferred to Strangers 8. About this time the King made an incursion into Algarve The body of St. Vincent translated to Lisbon as far as the Promontorium Sacrum or Cape St. Vincent desiring to translate the Body of that Saint which he understood to be there but he could not perform it and retired Afterwards the Council of Lisbon sent People to discover it who brought it away to that City where it is kept with great Veneration a number of Crows following the Body from the Mountain to the great Church where it lies and there they also continue to this Day Abenjacob Son to the Miramamolin or Emperor of Morocco with a mighty Army besieged and much streightned the Town of Abrantes but certain
whilst others acknowledged the true King so that this difference came to be decided by the Sword 7. The Dominicans and Franciscans were appointed to put in Execution this unjust decree and one Giles a Dominican durst notify it to the King King Sancho flies into Castile He seeing himself deprived of his Wife and Government and the People in Rebellion fled to Toledo then the Court of Ferdinand the Holy King of Castile By the way King Sancho reposing himself at Moreira certain Gentlemen came to him offering to stand by him and support his cause provided he would put away his Favourite The King disapproving of this conditional Loyalty no better then open Rebellion continued his Journey At Toledo he spent the remainder of his life in works of Grandeur and Piety He expended a great Treasure in Alms and Building the Royal Chappel in the Cathedral having done extraordinary Pennance for his Sins and given singular marks of great Piety His Death he departed this life the Thirty Ninth Year of his Age and the Thirteenth of his Reign reckoning in those that his Brother Governed for him He is said to have had a special Devotion to S. Lazarus and also that he appeared twice to him in his life-time and was present at his Death In the beginning of his Reign he peopled the City Idanha which had been destroyed by his Grand-father King Sancho when he took it from the Moors He maintained the City Aleazer against the Infidels who Besieged it who after much loss sustained begged a Truce He not only preserved his Kingdom but recovered many places that had been lost and may be accounted amongst the best of our Princes 8. In this King ended the direct line of the Kings of Portugal His Person described he being the Fourth King and Second of the Name His Countenance was Beautiful his Hair fair and long his Forehead high his Eyes green and cheerful his Nose large and his Complexion inclined to pale In his Antient Pictures he is represented in Scarlet Robes a Crown on his Head a Book in one Hand and in the other a Scepter with a Pigeon on the top of it as the commonalty would have it or else it might be a Stork as many Antient Kings used denoting by the care that Bird has of its young ones the love of a Prince towards his Subjects He built from the ground the Monasteries of St. Dominick in the Cities of Lisbon and Porto Some say his Queen accompanied him at Toledo and others affirm she was never heard of more after being taken from him He had no Issue and consequently his Brother suceeded him CHAP. VII The Life and Reign of Alonso the third of the Name and Fifth King of Portugal his Actions and Death from the Year 1210. till 1279. 1. D. Alonso the Third of the Name Alonso III. his Birth and Actions till his assumption to the Crown and Fifth King was Brother to King Sancho whose lot it was to have a Crown without the power of the Government and a Wife without Issue He was Born in the City of Coimbra on the 5th of May was the second Son of King Alonso II. and Married Maud Countess of Bolen in France 1210. then Widdow of Phillip the curled Son of Philip Augustus King of France and Grand-son to the Duke of Maravia whose Daughter Queen Mary was 1245. His thoughts were employed upon the Holy War when he was called to the Crown of Portugal The Kingdom being in confusion the Nobles made suite to Pope Innocent the III. that Alonso might ascend the Throne instead of his Brother Sancho The Pope not to deprive the King of his right and being informed he was not of Ability to Govern consented that Alonso should have the Authority of Regent but Sancho should still have the regal stile and preheminence and his Children if he had any should inherit At Paris Alonso took Solemn Oath as Regent which was to this Effect That he would preserve the Priviledges of the Clergy Nobility and Commonalty That he would constitute upright Judges without Favour or Affection That such as had committed Crimes against Priests should be punished That their Estates should be restored That all Buildings erected to the prejudice of Prelates should be Demolished and nothing for the future should be taken from them This was the promise made and consequently such were the miscarriages then in the Government so that the King suffered for some miscarriages in his Ministers 2. Alonso having taken upon him the Title of Regent Alonso received as Regent set out from Paris and returned to his Country where he was received by most places yet several having more regard to their Loyalty than the present Danger held out long after and some till King Sancho died at Toledo Alonso possessed of the Kingdom He puts away his Wife and Marries another like an ungrateful Man put away his Wife Maud the Countess who Married him when he had nothing and took in her place Beatrix Bastard Daughter to King Alonso the Tenth of Castile Some Authors say the Countess was contrary to all Human and Divine Laws put away on account of Barrenness but that is a mistake for it will appear she had Children Pope Alexander the Fourth thundered out Censures against this second Marriage as unlawful but all to no purpose the King continuing obstinate till the Death of Maud put an end to the dispute Alonso with the ambition of rule pressed all Governours to deliver up their Forts into his hands and yet they that did so were accounted no better than Traitors and such as held out against him were afterwards most esteemed even by him Obidos was the first Town Besieged by Alonso but what the event was 1247. is not known Ferdinand Rodriguez Pacheco valiantly defended Cerolico de los Bebados or Bebado and being reduced to great want one Morning a Bird of Pray dropped a large Trout before him taken out of the River Mondego The Governour sent it as a present to Alonso who judging thereby there was plenty in the Town raised the Siege and departed Thus the Besieged were left at liberty to look abroad for Sustenance so that the Trout may be said to have fed them all 3. The Regent removed to Coimbra A notable example of Loyalty where he met with no better success being opposed by the invincible Loyalty of D. Martin de Freitas Both Parties resolved not to give way to one another The Siege lasted long and the Defendants wavering their noble Governour performed more than Man to retain them in their Duty insomuch that one day he brought out to the Parade his Daughter telling the Soldiers That if want of Women obliged them to think of a Surrender they might make use of that one This act wholly confirmed the minds of the Garrison to him insomuch that they resolved to live and die with him Such was the posture of affairs when News was
That in case King Ferdinand died without Heirs his Daughter should inherit and after her her Issue but if she had none then King John should succeed and that if King John his new Queen and the Princess Ellenor Wife to the Prince of Navar died without Heirs before King Ferdinand then he should inherit the Crown of Castile That till the new Queen of Castile had a Son Fourteen Years of Age Queen Ellenor her Mother should govern Portugal Thus it appears the future Pretensions of the King of Castile to the Crown of Portugal were just as were Queen Ellenor's to the Government and that the succeeding King John was an Usurper having no lawful Title to the Crown 8. King Ferdinand being Sick King Ferdinand falls sick his Queen Ellenor conducted the Princess then not full Thirteen Years of Age to Elvas When both Parties had sworn the Performance of Articles the King and his Bride met in Tents near that City Such was Queen Ellenor's Beauty that the Castilians seeing her said King Ferdinand were much to blame had he not loved her having seen her or if having loved her he had not made her a Queen Here the Cardinal of Luna produced a Dispensation for them to marry they being within the prohibited Degrees of Consanguinity after which there was a most splendid Entertainment Then they returned to Elvas where the nuptial Rites were solemnly performed with extraordinary Pomp and after all publick Testimonies of Joy and Demonstrations of Grandeur were over the King of Castile gave rich Presents to all the Portuguese Gentry Queen Ellenor returning to Almada where King Ferdinand lay sick and intimating That she liked not the King of Castile The Master of the Order of Avis commended his Sense and Modesty to which she answered That is true but I would have a Man be more a Man At last King Ferdinand being convinc'd of the extravagant Familiarity that was betwixt the Queen and Count John Fernandez Andeyro and being unwilling by punishing to expose her Weakness or to lose her he so passionately loved he ordered the Master of the Knights of Avis to make him away privately But though he performed not at this time what was enjoyned him yet afterwards he murdered him in the Revolution that happened when the Order was void 9. The King now spent with Sickness removed from Almada to Lisbon 1383. where he died very Penitent on the 24th of October 1383. Ferdinand dies He was almost Forty four Years of Age reigned Seventeen and was buried with Pomp in the Quire of the Monastery of S. Francis at Santarem His Presence was so Graceful and Majestick that through any Disguise he appeared to be a King his Visage was long his Complexion fair as was his Hair and his Eyes sparkling His Character The great Expence of his Wars obliged him to enhance the price of the Money whereof he coined several Sorts but after his Wars ceased all the Coin was restor'd to its intrinsick Value He removed the University erected by King Denis at Coimbra to Lisbon but it afterwards returned to the same Place from whence he brought it He was rather Prodigal than Liberal which may appear by the many Towns we have mentioned he gave to the Castilians that came over to him As to his other Gifts one Instance will serve to demonstrate the rest To John Alonso de Moxica one of the Castilian Gentlemen that came over to Portugal besides Towns and Lands he gave in one Day 50 Horses 30 Mules 3 Suits of Armour 30000 Marks of Plate and 4 Sumptures loaded with rich Tapistry He pulled down the Roman Walls of Ebora to build New And thus though unfortunate in all his Undertakings he secured to himself the Love of all Men. 10. His lawful Issue was His Issue first Beatrix married to King John the first of Castile they wronged her who said she was Daughter to Count Fernandez Andeyro for she was Eight Years of Age when he begun to be familiar with the Queen Secondly A Son who died in his Infancy Thirdly Another in the same nature One Bastard Daughter he had married to Alonso Earl of Gijon Bastard Son to King Henry the second of Castile from whom sprung the Family of the Noronhas The END of THE THIRD BOOK THE HISTORY OF PORTUGAL The Fourth BOOK CHAP. I. The Birth Education and Actions of John Bastard Son to King Peter of Portugal His Promotion to be Protector of the Kingdom and Wars with Castile from the Year 1357. till the end of 1384. 1. JOHN Bastard Son to King Peter by Teresa Alonso of Galicia was born at Lisbon on the 22d of April 1357. 1357. In his Infancy he was kept by Laurence de Lyria John Bastard Son to King Peter aspires to the Crown a noted Citizen then delivered to Nunho Freyre de Andrade Master of the Order of Christ who presented him to the King at the Age of Seven Years asking for him the Mastership of the Order of Avis then vacant by the Death of D. Martin de Avelar This was the first time his Father saw him and having Knighted him gave him that Honour He was sent to receive it at Avis a Convent of that Order and was there educated till of Age to bear Arms. His Actions till the Death of King Ferdinand have been related it now remains to recount what he did afterwards The late King in his Will left the Administration of the Government to his Wife Queen Ellenor in pursuance of what had been Stipulated with King John of Castile upon his marrying the Lady Beatrix lawful Daughter to King Ferdinand tho the unbridled Malice of the Multitude Defamed her with the Name of Count John Fernandez Andeyro his Daughter Queen Ellenor entred upon the Government with Extraordinary tokens of Grief for the Death of the King her Husband The Council of the City of Lisbon advised her not to be so negligent in the Government as her Husband had been and she answered them so graciously that they went away well satisfied The King of Castile immediately sent Embassadors to condole her Loss and at the same time to require himself to be proclaimed King in the Right of his Wife and in pursuance of the late Capitulations Scarce was this mentioned throughout the Kingdom when a general reluctancy appeared in the Countenances of all Men. D. Henry Manuel de Villena Earl of Sea and Unkle to the King Castile was ordered to Proclaim him in Lisbon but was opposed by D. Alvare Perez de Castro in behalf of King Peter's lawful Issue by the Lady Agnes de Castro The same happened at Santarem Elvas and in most Places of the Kingdom King John proposed his Title by his Embassador to the City of Lisbon but it was not favourably received 2. The First contrivance of the Master of Avis Before his Assuming the Crown he Murders Count John Fernandez Andeyro with some others was to Murder the Count John Fernandez
the Pope's Dispensation should be immediately obtained for him to Marry Queen Joanna true Heiress of Castile That each of them should appoint four Persons to adjust what Army and Treasure was requisite for carrying on their Design King Lewis readily offered a good Sum of Money to Bribe all such Governours of Towns as could by that means be drawn to their Party Embassadors were immediately dispatch'd to Rome to obtain the Dispensation and King Alonso set out to meet the Duke of Burgundy who then lay at the Siege of Nancy in Lorrain They met upon the River then frozen over and the King being conducted to the Army with all possible marks of Honour and Respect the Duke there shewed him how little Confidence was to be reposed in the Promises of the King of France who the next day appeared with an Army in favour of the Lorrainer The day after the Burgundian was killed and King Lewis being bent upon the Conquest of Burgundy sent King Alonso to Paris where he was received with the greatest Magnificence imaginable All the Embassadors could obtain of the Pope was that if the King of France would furnish King Alonso with a sufficient Force to reduce Castile he would then grant the Dispensation Hereupon the two Kings met at Arras where Alonso plainly discovered he could repose no Trust in Lewis He went away to Roan and there spent a great part of the Summer waiting till his Fleet was fitted out to return home He went down the River to his Fleet then at Harfleur but fearing to be stayed by the King of France and ashamed to return home after that unfortunate Journey K. Alonâ—â— resolves 〈…〉 his 〈◊〉 at Hierusalem he resolved to go spend the rest of his Days in Hierusalem On the 24th of September before Day he went out to a Chappel near the City with only four Servants having ordered his Chaplain Stephen Martinez to expect him half a League further There he dismissed one of the four giving him the Key of a Cabinet in which were found four Letters one for the King of France giving him an Account of his Design and desiring him to favour those Servants he left in his Kingdom Another for Prince John his Son charging him upon his Blessing immediately to cause himself to be Proclaimed King Another to the Kingdom in general Commanding the People to receive him as such The last was to those left at Harfleur directing them to be Obedient to the Earl of Faâ—â— till their return to Portugal 8. Monsieur de Labret by the King of France his Order attended upon King Alonso who sent out every way to find him and having met with him the second day stopped him but with all imaginable Respect There he received a Letter from King Lewis by which he was perswaded to alter his Resolution and to return to Portugal where on the Tenth of November his Son was Proclaimed King in the Town of Santarem 〈…〉 pursuant to the Letters he had sent to that effect Only four days had he worn the Crown when his Father arrived and he in Confusion asking how he should receive him The Duke of Braganza answered As your Father and as your King The Prince accordingly met him at Oeyras where kneeling he kissed his â—ands and resigned the Government up 〈…〉 Alonso would have contented himself with the 〈◊〉 of King Algarve but the Prince persisted he would accept of nothing during his Life Whilst the King was abroad Queen Elizabeth laid Siege to Toro which was bravely defended till one Bartholomew a Shepherd discovered to the Castilian Generals a Place which being thought unaccessible was left unguarded Wherefore Six Hundred Men in the Night conducted by the Shepherd surmounâ—ed all those difficult Passes and got into the Town The Count de Marialva who was Governour quitting the Castle fled to Castro Nunho yet the Lady Mary Sarmiento Widow of John de Vlloa who had been Constable of that Fort defended that Place till seeing no hopes of Relief she was obliged to surrender it upon most Honourable Articles Presently after Queen Elizabeth caused the other Places that held for Portugal to be besieged and had them surrendred to her In the mean while the Portuguese Forces wasted the Country about Badâ—â—oz and Cuidad Rodrigo and Alonso de Carâ—â—â—as Master of Santiago did the same on the Portuguese Borders both Parties executing the utmost Cruelâ—â—es usual in War 9. Upon the return of King Alonso out of France 14â—3 the War was revived 〈…〉 and he thought of Marrying the Lady Joanna having obtained a Dispensation but Prince John his Son used his utmost Endeavours to obstruct it The Bishop of Evora going into Castile with 700 Horse and 〈◊〉 Number of Foot to assist the Countess of Mâ—â—ellin 〈…〉 followed the Portuguâ—se Interest was met by the Master of Santiago routed and taken Prisoner yet bribing his Keeper he escaped to Merida and ever after did the Castilians much harm till the Peace was concluded Both Parties being sufficiently exhausted easily condescended to Treat of a Peace which was concluded at Alcaçovas on the Fourth of September 1479. excluding the unfortunate Princess Joanna Peace concluded betwixt the two Crowns who against her will was forced to become a Nun. Yet she lived to see God's Judgments fall upon them that drove her to that Necessity for Prince John who hoped to Marry his Son to the Princess Elizabeth of Castile and by that means to make him Heir to that Crown saw that same Son dragged to Death by a Horse and none of his Race ascended the Throne of Portugal King Ferdinand and Queen Elizabeth outlived their only Son John and had only a Daughter left who conveyed that Crown to the House of Austria 1480. Nor was the Plague that began the following Year at Lisbon and lasted Fourteen Years less to be accounted of than Heavenly Vengeance The Castilians contrary to the last Articles of Peace sent a Fleet to Trade on the Coast of Guinea Our King sent a Squadron under the Command of George Correa to obstruct them 1481. He met with 30 Ships of Castile upon the Coast called Mina and after a sharp Engagement obtained a compleat Victory bringing several of them to Lisbon 10. King Alonso ever since the Lady Joanna of Castile was constrained to take upon her a Religious Habit fell into an extraordinary Melancholy and had resolved himself to turn a Monk but returning from acquainting his Son with his Design to Cintra he there fell sick of a violent Fever which in a few days carryed him off His Death was upon the Eighth of August The Death of King Alonso in the 49th Year of his Age and 43d of his Reign He was oâ— a Graceful Presence somewhat bulky had a thick Beard his Hair dark-brown and of Condition extreamly courteous In War he was active in Peace negligent a Lover of Learning learned himself and was the first King that collected a
Cardinal tho' old and a Priest should Marry Many Pamphlets were spread abroad some of them against King Philip and others for him which last were so well penned that they seem to have inclined King Henry to his Interest as they did many others throughout the Kingdom But the City of Lisbon openly declared its aversion to him offering to raise 20000 Men and threatning to burn the Houses of those that favoured him Antony Grand Prior of Crato that is of the Knights of Malta in Portugal laboured in vain to prove himself Legitimate and King Henry seeing him persist obstinately in that Design banished him the Court. The City of Lisbon now again pressed King Henry to obtain a Dispensation of the Pope to Marry he excused himself on account of his Ecclesiastical Dignity rather than his Age or Infirmities No Excuses availing D. Duarte de Castello-Branco and Dr. Ruy de Castanheda were appointed to go Embassadors to Rome but they went not for the King still urging his Inability and his Infirmities being apparent his Excuses were at last received 5. Since there were no hopes of Issue in King Henry Five Persons appointed to Govern after the King's Death he was pressed to declare who ought to Succeed him which he refused leaving it to Governours and Judges to determine after his Death For appointing of them he presently summoned the Cortes or Parliament who named Fifteen Persons for Governours of whom the King chose five which were D. George de Almeyda Archbishop of Lisbon D. John Mascarenhas Francis de Sa James Lopez de Sousa and D. John Tello de Meneses Also 24 Lawyers were nominated and of them 11 elected to be Judges and the Names of them all to be kept close till the Death of the King All swore to stand by these Decrees The substance of the Oath was The same appointed to decide the Controversie concerning the Succession That the King dying they would obey the Governours appointed and would acknowledge him for their Lawful Sovereign that should be declared such by them The Duke of Bragança as one of the Candidates swore to stand to their Determination the same did Antony the Grand Prior yet afterwards he recanted before the Pope's Nuncio alledging he had sworn for fear of his Unkle King Philip's Embassadors refused to take the Oath for their Master pleading he was Lawful Heir of the Crown and therefore not obliged to allow of that Decision The Cortes being broke up each of the Candidates which were now but three viz. King Philip the Duke of Bragança and the Grand Prior began to speak their Thoughts more boldly The two latter were soon banished the Court by King Henry who perceiving that Antony grew haughty having obtained a surreptitious Judgment of his Legitimacy got leave of Pope Gregory XIII to inspect into and determine that Affair After some time spent in enquiring into it he at length positively declared him Illegitimate The Grand Prior dismayed at this Sentence and the great Power of his Adversary proposed to King Philip's Embassadors that he would be content with the Kingdom of Algarve and Title of King or else that he might have the Government of the Kingdom for Life with a Revenue of 300000 Ducats half of them to remain to his Heirs King Philip answered That Kingdom was too small for so many Kings 6. King Henry ceased not to prosecute the Grand Prior and sent Orders to Apprehend him at Coimbra where he then was but he made his Escape and lurked about in the Province between the Rivers Duero and Minho Next he issued out his Proclamation Summoning him to Surrender himself but he obeyed not The King was now at Almeyrin The Plague at Lisbon whither he fled from the Plague that raged at Lisbon and spread it self throughout the Kingdom There he summoned before him the Principal Members of the Cortes or Parliament and the Embassadors before whom he declared himself for King Philip ordering them to Capitulate with him The Lords Spiritual and Temporal were easily brought to approve of the King's Proposition but the Commons opposed it Soon after the King Assembles the Cortes intending to put an end to this Controversie but all he or the Nobility could do availed not so that the Division ran as high as ever it had been The King's Death now drawing on apace Katherine Dutchess of Bragança came from Villa Viciosa 1580 to try if she could prevail with him to declare her his Heiress K. Henry dies He heard her and soon after without returning any Answer gave up the Ghost 7. King Henry was of a middle Stature His 〈◊〉 in shape like his Father of a lively Spirit patient of Labour and in his Youth trained in all the Exercises that belong to a Prince Damianus de Goes says he understood Latin Greek and Hebrew and was well read in Mathematicks Philosophy and Divinity He says further of him That he had an absolute Command over his Passions was temperate in Speech a great lover of Truth a notable keeper of Secrets an Enemy to Detraction an admirer of Justice free in giving Advice averse to Favourites and inclinable to all Vertue Notwithstanding all these Qualities he was a better Priest than King His first Spiritual Promotion was to the Priorship of Sancta Cruz which Monastery he reformed and increased its Revenue Next he had the Archbishoprick of Braga where he spent his Revenue relieving the Poor in time of Famine The same he did at Evora He maintained many Foundlings gave Portions to Young Maids redeemed Captives and performed himself all the Duties of a private Priest At Braga he assembled a Synod endowed Schools in that City repaired the Monastery of S. Fructuosus punished severely all Crimes in the Clergy especially Incontinency The See of Evora being added to his other of Braga he did the same good Offices there and founded the University under the Jurisdiction of the Jesuits Many other notable Works he performed and being created Cardinal and Legate to the Pope still increased in Works of Piety 8. In this Henry expired the Kingdom Observations on the Rise and Fail of Portugal erected by another of the same Name the first died in the Year 1112. and the latter was born in 1512. So that the Name of Henry and Number 12 were the beginning and end of this Monarchy Thus the Seventeenth was the last Native King of Portugal The Moon laboured under a great Eclipse when he died 15â—â— in the 68th Year of his Age and second of his Reign His Body was deposited at Almeyrin where he died till King Philip translated it to the Monastery of Belem CHAP. III. The short Administration of the Five Governours Antony Grand Prior of Crato or the Order of Malta proclaimed King by the Multitude the short time of his Vsurpation 1. NO sooner was King Henry dead at Almeyrâ—â— but the Five Governours began to exercise 〈…〉 Power 〈…〉 The Commons held their
de Meneses the latter by D. Frederick de Toledo Ossorio Marquess of Valdueza Whilst these Squadrons now united make their Voyage let us see what was doing at Baia. The Hollanders possess'd of the City Other Actions of the Dutch after taking Baia. took several Vessels which knowing nothing of what had happened fell ignorantly into that Port. They sent five Ships laden with Booty to their Country with the News of their Success and with the Governour and Provincial of the Jesuits that had been taken Prisoners After the taking of the City D. Mark Teixeira the Bishop took upon him the Command of General for the Defence of the Country and drew near to the Place with 1500 Men the third part of them Blacks Several Encounters happened betwixt his Men and the Enemies in which he lost 7 or 8 Men and the Rebels above 300. In one of these Skirmishes Capt. Francis de Padillâ— killed Col. John Dort and cut off his Finger on which he wore a Ring the Soldiers stripping his Body cut off his Privities to shew them to his Men. These Barbarities were a greater shame to them that acted than to him that suffered them Two runagate Portuguese repenting and deserting back from the Enemy were received by our Men upon the points of their Swords and cut in pieces The Port of Tapagipe was recovered from the Rebels and the Commander of it sent Prisoner to Lisbon The Bishop fell sick and died and Francis Nunez Marinho succeeded him in the Command who behaved himself will till D. Francis de Moura was sent thither by the King with some Supplies till the Fleet could come He pent up the Enemy within the Town recovering from them the Suburbs of the Carmelites and S. Benedict but the City was strong and in the Port were 26 Ships well manned Their whole Force consisted of 3000 Men of several Nations and 500 Blacks 5. The Spanish and Portuguese Fleet arrived at Baia upon Good-Friday 1626. to the great Terror of the Rebels 4000 Men landed immediately The Spanish and Portuguese Fleets arrive at Brasil The General D. Emanuel de Meneses and the Admiral D. John Faxardo remained aboard drawing up their Fleet like a Half Moon to hinder the flight of the Enemy Peter Roiz de San Estevan Marquess of Cropani marched with the 4000 Men to the City D. Frederick de Toledo the Spanish General following him They took their Posts and began to carry on their Works when about 300 of the besieged sallying killed 50 of our Men most of them Persons of Note yet they were forced to retire The Cannon being planted the Bullets flew so thick that in a few days all was full of Ruins and the besieged began to be dismay'd The same Fate attended their Fleet for D. Emanuel de Meneses landing from a Battery he raised on the Shoar sunk several of their â—hips destroying many Men. The Enemy's only hope was in the Succours they expected but they came only to be Spectators of their shameful quitting the Town Their Soldiers began to complain they had been decoyed thither and were weary of the Service their Commander in Chief proclaimed that all such as would go over to the Portuguese Camp should have leave but two that declared for it were hanged This silenced them for a while but soon after they proposed the surrendring the City and the Governour opposing them was not only affronted but wounded To prevent their deserting him he designed to burn the Fleet but before he could put it in execution they surrender'd Articling only for their Lives Baia recavered In the Town was found an extraordinary Rich Booty which the Spanish Soldiers made the most of The Merchandize found there was valued at above Three Millions in Money 300000 Ducats 2000 Quintals of Powder each Quintal is an Hundred Weight an infinite quantity of Ball 230 Pieces of Cannon 3000 Musquets 800 Corslets the same number of Saddles 600 Blacks 6000 Bushels of Meal 50000 Hides and 2000 Pipes of Wine The two Squadrons returning home suffered by Storms some perished the rest arrived in their Ports 6. King Philip most generously rewarded the Portuguese King Philip Rewards the Portuguese who so signalized their Zeal upon this occasion for his Council Advising that he should grant to the Sons of those that were killed in his Service all that they possessed belonging to the Crown he not only consented to it but afterwards without being asked he added more with his own Hand That forasmuch as he was desirous such Subjects might live he not only allowed that Favour to those that were killed but to all that went in the Fleet. This same Year a Fleet of above 100 Sail of English assaulted the Island of Cadiz Cadiz assaulted by the English whither many Portuguese Gentlemen after providing for the Security of their own Coasts resorted to express their Zeal for the King's Service After some time the Enemy was repulsed with loss and retired leaving many of their Men dead behind them Before this Invasion of the English the Famous Bell of Villilla in the Kingdom of Aragon is said to have rung out of it self Two great Losses to Portugal Portugal sustained two inestimable Losses the one before the Passages we have spoke of happened the other after The first was the taking the City Ormuz by the Persians with the assistance of the English The other the Destruction of its Fleet which being set out to Convoy the Ships from India was wrecked on the Coast of France where all the Ships and most of the Men among whom were many of Note perished Since the loss of King Sebastian in Africk this Kingdom had not so great a Misfortune 7. Here our Author The Conclusion Emanuel de Faria puts an end to his History He composed the whole at Madrid and being there at the time of the Revolution durst not proceed any further because as a Portuguese he would not write any thing that should derogate from the Honour of his Country and as being in the hands of the Spaniards it was dangerous to say any thing that might be offensive to them He only adds an Account of the Children King Philip had till that time and some short Remarks upon the Publick Affairs of the World which make nothing to this History Let us therefore put an end to this Part of the History and proceed to the Supplement wherein will be found all that was worth our Knowledge from the Time where he leaves off to our Days The End of Emanuel de Faria y Sousa his History of PORTUGAL The Supplement to Emanuel de Faria e Sousa his History of Portugal from the Year 1640 where he left off till this present time collected from the best Authors that have written thereof and from Authentick Information of Eye-Witnesses Anno 1640. 1. THE Spaniards had now been near 60 Years possessed of the Kingdom of Portugal 1640. Philip the Second of Spain
The Condition of Portugal after the Death of Henry the cardinal-Cardinal-King had carryed it against the House of Bragança by force of Arms tho' with no good Title and that Kingdom was insensibly become a Province of Spain without any appearance that the Portuguese could ever be able to withdraw themselves from that Foreign Subjection The Nobility of the Kingdom durst not appear in that Splendor which became their Quality or claim all the Priviledges due to their Birth for fear of raising a Jealousie in the Spanish Ministers at a time when Riches Birth or Meritâ—were thought sufficient to render a Man suspicious and cause him to be persecuted The Gentry were in a manner banished to their Country Houses and the Commonalty groaned under the heavy Burthen of the Taxes The Count Duke de Olivares Prime Minister of State to Philip the Fourth of Spain thought a new Conquest could never be too much weakned He knew that the Natural Antipathy which was betwixt the two Nations could not but render the Sovereignty of the Spaniards odious to the Portuguese That it must be ever offensive to them to see all Places of Trust filled by Strangers or else by Men of no Extraction who were wholly devoted to the Interest of Spain Therefore he thought to secure his Masters Authority by keeping the Nobility out of Employ the Gentry remote from Business and the Commonalty so poor that they could not have the heart to aspire to any change Besides he drew out of the Kingdom all the Young Men that were fit to bear Arms employing them in Foreign Wars lest those turbulent Spirits should disturb the Peace of the Government Yet this proceeding which might have succeeded if not pushed on too far had a far different consequence than was expected both by reason of the ill Circumstances the Court of Spain then lay under as also because of the Prime Minister's Character who was naturally morose and inflexible No pleasing Methods were now used in raising of Taxes but they were rather collected as if they had been Contributions gathered in an Enemy's Country The Portuguese having now nothing more to lose and as little to hope for thought of casting off that Subjection which they always believed unjust and was now become insupport able 2. Margaret of Savoy Margaret of Savoy Dutchess of Mantua Governs Portugal Dutchess of Mantua governed Portugal with the Title of Vice-Queen yet she bore only the Title circumscribed within a limited Power The whole Intrigue of the Government and all the Authority was in the Hands of Michael de Vasconcellos a Portuguese who under the Character of Secretary of State was the absolute Minister in the Kingdom He received his Orders immediately from the Count Duke whose Creature he was and became most acceptable to him by finding Methods to draw great Sums of Money out of Portugal and by sowing the Seeds of Sedition among the Nobility favouring some and depressing others which raised implacable Enmity betwixt them This Discord was the Minister's Security he believing they could never Plot against the Government who meditated how to exercise their Revenge upon one another 3. In all Portugal there was none but the Duke of Bragança who could give the Spaniards any Disturbance Only the Duke of Braganza could give the Spaniards Jealousie That Prince was of a soft and agreeable Temper much given to his Ease his Judgment rather sound than piercing in Business he aimed at the main Point and could easily dive into such Matters as he applyed himself to but loved not application His Father Duke Theodosius who was of a fiery Temper had laboured to ingraft in him his Natural Hatred to the Spaniards that he might regard them as Usurpers of his Right and had done all that in him was to inspire into him Ambition and Resolution enough to attempt the Recovery of a Crown which was due to him D. John had imbibed his Father's Sentiments but that in such measure as was most suitable to his Peaceable Temper He hated the Spaniards but not so as to seek Revenge with the Expence of his Quiet He was ambitious and did not despair of ascending the Throne of his Ancestors but was not so impatient as his Father had been He thought it enough to keep within Prospect of his Hopes without hazarding an easie Life and more than Private Fortune in Possession for a Crown that was very uncertain Doubtless had he been the Man Duke Theodosius would have had him he could never have compassed what he aimed at His Actions were so narrowly looked into by the Count Duke's Order that if he had not been so entirely given up to his Ease and Pleasure he must of necessity have been discovered and if once discovered his Repose and Fortune had both been sacrificed The Court of Spain would never have put such Power into his hands and suffered him to live in the midst of his Country Nature made him more Politick than Art could have done His Birth Estate and Right to the Crown were no Crimes but his being Formidable was Crime enough according to the Laws of true Policy He was not ignorant of it and found there was no way to wipe off that Guilt but by rendring himself less to be feared and appearing wholly devoted to his Pleasure Nothing was to be seen at Villaviciosa the ordinary Residence of the Dukes of Bragança but Hunting Feasting and such-like Country Divertisements as if Nature and Fortune had conspired to qualifie him for those Times In short such was his course of Life as gave not the Spaniards the least Umbrage of his aspiring to the Crown and yet it furnished the Portuguese with assured hopes of a wise and mild Government if they themselves would attempt to Enthrone him 4. His Conduct could breed no Suspicion The People of Evora Mutiny but an Accident that happened some time before in which he had no hand had begun to raise a Jealousie in the Prime Minister The People of Evora provoked by certain new Taxes had mutinied and in the heat of that Fury amidst their Complaints against the Tyranny of the Spaniard some Acclamations had been heard for the House of Bragança Here it first appeared how much Philip the Second erred in leaving within the Kingdom a Family so Powerful and that had so good a Title to the Crown Hereupon the Council of Spain resolved to secure the Duke of Bragança or at least to remove him out of Portugal Immediately the Government of Milan was offered him which he refused pleading want of Health and Knowledge in the Affairs of Italy The Prime Minister seemingly approved of his Reasons but found out another Method to draw him to Court The King being about to March to the Frontiers of Aragon to punish the Rebellion of the Catalonians he wrote to the Duke exhorting him to be present in that Expedition at the Head of the Nobility of his Country The Duke The Duke of Braganza
Lancaster and York about subduing Castile p. 245 After the Peace he again submits to the Antipope p. 249 He falls sick p. 250 He dies His Character and Issue p. 251 Fifteen Thousand Spaniards slain by Mummius p. 30 Five persons appointed to govern after the Death of the King and Cardinal Henry the same to decide the Controversie concerning the succession p. 352 They rule Portugal p. 354 Flavius Gundemarus Reigns p. 99 Flavius Suintila Reigns He utterly expels the Romans p. 100 Fleet of Castile worsted by the Portugueses p. 211 Fleet of Castile ravages the Coast p. 248 Fleet of French at Porto p. 163 Fleet of English French and Flemmings in the River of Lisbon p. 164 Fleet sent against the Dutch p. 377 Forces of Castile overthrown by those of Portugal p. 146 Foreign Alliances concluded p. 410 Fort S. George on the Coasts of Africk p. 300 Francis Barreto prosecutes the War in Brazil p. 465 His further Actions in Brazil p. 470 He bolds the Dutch close Besieged in Brazil p. 476 Turns his blockade at Arrecife into a formal Siege p. 480 Francis de Lucena the Secretary put to Death upon account of a supposed Conspiracy p. 419 Froila a Portuguese Count rebels His submission p. 138 K. Fruela kills 60000 Moors p 115 Fruela II. Usurps the Crown p. 126 Fulvius overthrows the Spaniards p. 29 Funeral Pomp of the Lady Agnes de Castro p. 232 Further Discoveries in Guinea p. 307 G. GAlba governs the Province p. 32 Galba Emperor p. 76 Galicians overun the most part of Lusitania p. 66 Galienus Emperor p. 79 Garzia has for his part Galicia and the North of Portugal p. 124 Gargoris finds the use of Honey p. 12 Gascons come into Portugal and assist the Christians p. 136 General Council p. 276 Gerion comes into Portugal p. 5 He becomes King Introduces Idolatry p. 6 S. German Duke Besieges Olivenca p. 492 Goa Besieged by the Indians The Siege raised p. 571 Gonzalo Hermigues his Actions p. 169 Goths who they were p. 82 They enter Spain p. 85 Great and bloody Battle p. 111 Dearths and Storms p. 20 Famine p. 177 Fleet from Lisbon for the Conquest of Ceuta p. 271 Floods Storms and Sickness in Spain p. 65 Preparations in Spain and Portugal p. 422 Guimaraens betrayed to the New King p. 262 H. HAmilcar subdues all Spain p. 22 Hannibal settles in Spain p. 23 Marches into Italy p. 25 Henry the Count marries the Bastard Daughter of King Alonso of Castile p. 149 Opinions concerning him p. 151 His Original of Burgundy p. 153 His coming into Portugal He gains the Affection of King Alonso who marries his Aunt He takes to Wife Teresa the said King's Bastard Daughter and has in Dower the City Porto and its Territory p. 154 Overthrows the Infidels and takes Almanzor Prisoner For his good Services receives other Territories of King Alonso p. 155 Another Overthrow given by him to the Moors A Moorish King restored by him He performs other great Actions p. 156 His Death Character and Issue p. 157 Henry K. of Castile in Portugal p. 238 He invades Portugal p. 242 Quarters in the Suburbs of Lisbon p. 243 Henry Prince of Portugal marries Blanch Aunt to the King of Castile p. 220 He contracts with the Lady Constance Daughter to D. John Emanuel p. 221 Henry the Cardinal Regent p. 341 His Birth He is declared Protector and crowned King p. 349 His Death His Eulogy p. 353 Henry Son to the King of Congo comes into Portugal p. 322 Hercules governs Spain and leaves the Crown to Hesperus p. 10 Hercules the Theban in Spain â—verthrows Cacus p. 12 Hesperus deposed and Atlas set up in his pâ—ace p. 10 Hostilius Mancinus overthrows 30000 Spaniards p. 37 How things stood in Africk and India p. 444 Hypocrisie of a Nun. p. 367 I. S. James the Apostle in Spain p. 74 D. James de Lima Governor of the Province betwixt Duero and Minho p. 453 Iberus II. King of Spain p. 4 Jews conspire against the King and are punished p. 106 Fly out of Castile into Portugal p. 304 Banished the Kingdom p. 314 Ingratitude of certain Gentlemen p. 350 Inhuman Murder p. 140 Insolent Words of the Marquess de Cascais to the King p. 561 Interregnum of an Hundred Years p. 11 John Bastard Son to K. Peter aspires to the Crown p. 252 Before assuming the Crown he murders Count John Fernandez Andâ—yro p. 253 He is declared Protector of the Kingdom p. 254 The Castle of Lisbon taken by him p. 255 His Contrivances to usurp the Crown p. 256 He fails Sick p. 272 He dyes his Character Wife and Issue p. 273 His Arms discoveries in his time p. 274 His Funeral p. 275 John II. proclaimed King his Father arrives 4 days after p. 296 His Birth p. 299 He is again proclaimed King p. 300 Stiles himself Lord of Guinea p. 303 Is poysoned His Death p. 309 Is reputed a Saint his Virtues p. 310 More of his good Qualities p. 311 His Issue Discoveries during his Reign p. 312 John the III. King his Birth p. 329 He is proclaimed King p. 330 Marries Catherine Sister to the Emperour Ch. the V. p. 331 Sends Succors to the Emperour p. 333 Ordinances made by him p. 335 He dies p. 338 Actions abroad during his Reign p. 339 John the IV. proclaimed King in India p. 403 He rewards those that suffered for the Conspiracy at Carthagena p. 420 His last Sickness and Death p. 489 His Wiâ—e and Issue p. 490 John Prince of Portugal privately marries Mary Sister to Q. Elenor. p. 244 He murders her p. 245 John Prince of Portugal marries Joanna Daughter to Charles the V. He dies His Princess delivered of a Son p. 336 D. John of Austria with the Spanish Army invades Portugal Takes Aronches p. 501 Takes Alconchel p. 502 Burns and plunders the Country p. 503 Takes Villabuim and Borba Besieges Jurumenha p. 504 Takes Jurumenha p. 506 Enters Crato p. 507 Comes again into Portugal with an Army of 21000 Men. p. 509 Besieges Evora p. 510 Evora is delivered to him p. 511 Marches out of Evora to give the Portugueses Bartle p. 512 Is defeared Attempts Elvas and is repulsed p. 515 Islands of Bayona in Galicia p. 45 Jubelus III. King of Spain p. 4 Julian the Count Favourite to King Roderick p. 108 Is sent Ambassador into Africk p. 109 Meditates Revenge Brings the Moors into Spain p. 110 K. KIngs of the Alans and Suevians p. 83 King of Castile obstructs the Marriage of the Lady Constance p. 222 King of Castile marries the Daughter of K. Ferdinand p. 249 King of Castile invades Portugal Is at variance with Queen Ellenor p. 257 Kings of France and Portugal meet p. 294 King of Spain's Favourite disgraced p. 421 King bent upon publick Rejoycing for Peace p. 270 Kingdom of the Suevians united under Remismundus p 91 L. LEovigildus the Goth wars upon his Son Herminigildus on account of Religion p. 96 He
before being only Governor at certain Times he used to follow and serve King Alonso in his Wars This King Alonso was born in Galicia in the Year 1035 was married the first time in 1076 died at Toledo in 1108 having reigned 35 Years and lived 73. His Body lies in the Monastery of Sahagun with that of his Son Prince Sancho There also lie four of his Wives Agnes Constance Beatrix and Zayda the other two Elizabeth and Berta in the Church of St. Isidorus at Leon. Now we shall be almost 500 Years without returning to Castile for now begins to bud the Tree of the most August Kings of Portugal a Tree which has shaded much of the World The End of the Second BOOK THE HISTORY OF PORTUGAL The Third BOOK CHAP. I. The Country Extraction Life and Death of Henry first Earl of Portugal and progenitor of all the Kings thereof Opinions concerning Henry the Progenitor of the Portuguese Kings from the Year 1067 till 1112. 1. HEnry the first Founder of the Portuguese Monarchy is by all Men allowed to have been of noble Extraction but others very much differ both as to his Country and Family As to his Family the Bishops D. Roderick Sanchez and D. Alonso de Cartagena say he was of the House of Lorrain but do not name his Parents Duarte Galvan our Antient Chronologer affirms He was second Son to a King of Hungary which Opinion the famous Poet Camoens in his Lusiads follows Damianus de Goes in the life of King Emanuel says he was Son to William Baron of Joinville and Duke of Lorrain and Abida of Champagne James de Valera and Antony Beuter bring him from Constantinople grounding their Opinion upon the History of Spain writ by King Alonso mistaking a Quotation of the Archbishop D. Roderick who Writes that he was of the Bisontine Province meaning Besancon the Capital of the Dukedom of Burgundy which they take for Bisantium or Constantinople Wolfangus Lazius writes he was of Limburg Duarte Nunnez de Leon endeavours to prove he was Grandson to Reginald Earl of Burgundy by his Son Guido Earl of Verneuille in Normandy Lewis Gollut in his History of that Earldom says he was Brother to Raimund both Sons to Earl William All these doubts are cleared by the Antient Manuscript of Fleury which being a fragment of French History was writ in the time of our Count Henry for the Author of it brings himself as an Eye Witness of the three Suns that were seen at the Town of Scyrs on the Banks of the River Garonne in the Year 1108. It was writ by a famous Benedictin Monk of that Convent and reaches from the Year 897 till the Year 1110. Petrus Piteus a learned Man published it with other like Manuscripts and it was Printed at Francfort in the Year 1596. By this Antient Manuscript it appears that Robert the first Duke of Burgundy younger Brother to King Henry I. of France had by his Wife Hermengarda one onely Son called Henry who died before his Father leaving five Sons by his Wife Sibila Daughter to Reginald Earl of Burgundy These were Hugo who was heir to his Grandfather but being left a Widdower without Children became a Monk of Cluni and so died in the Year 1092. Eudo or Odoa who succeeded his Elder Brother Robert Bishop of Langres Henry our Earl and Reginald an Abbot many other Authors too long to insert have hinted that he was of the House of Burgungy tho' perhaps none specified it so particularly His Family once allowed to be that of Burgundy it will need no further proofs to shew his Country besides that it is more likely he should come out of France which joyns with Spain than from Hungary or Constantinople so remote It is also a sufficient proof of his Country that all his followers were French which could not have been were he a stranger to them 2. The Portuguese strive to clear two points for their Honour A remark upon some Conceits of the Portuguese Authors in which there is great difficulty or rather an imposibility for that all arguments are against them the one is to make out that the Sovereignty of Portugal was granted to Count Henry without any acknowledgment to Castile the other that Teresa was lawful Daughter to King Alonso The Arguments for the first are That no Records are to be found in Castile or Leon to prove the Title to such acknowledgment and that their King Alonso the first was anointed King by Christ himself and therefore owed his Crown to him These proofs are meerly Suppositious for as to the first whether such Record remains or not it is not credible that a King would alienate a Kingdom to a Bastard Daughter so as to reserve no Sovereignty to himself nor if he had is it in the power of a Prince to give away the right of a Legitimate Successor to one Illegitimate The second instance about Christ giving a right to the Crown seems so extravagant a Notion that as it carries no proof it needs no Confutation The other point insisted upon is the Legitimacy of Teresa the Counts Wife but that has been spoke of already no Author of Note has named her otherwise than an unlawfully begotten and the computation of the time her Father was married to and lived with his six Wives makes it impossible to allow of a Seventh There is another doubt about Earl Henry's going to the Holy Land which some Pertuguese Authors insist upon without any sufficient Grounds or rather without any probability but whether he did or not is not easy to decide nor worth the discussing let us go on to his Life or rather to the small fragments that remain of it as of all other things before his time but we begin now by degrees to come into days of more light 3. By what has been said Count Henry of Burgundy it appears that Earl Henry was a Burgundian the Son of Henry Son to Robert the first Duke of that Country and Hermengarda Daughter to Count Reinald of Burgundy There he was Born in the Year 1035. being descended by the Fathers side of the Royal Family of Hugh Capet and by his Mother from the Earls of Burgundy The cause that moved Henry to pass over into Spain was the desire of Glory to be purchased in the continual Wars betwixt the Christians and the Moors Authors do not agree about the time of his coming but it appears by Ancient Records that he Governed Portugal in the Year 1073 His coming into Portugal so that he must have been in Castile when King Ferdinand died and when the fame of Roderick de Bivar's exploits 1067. incited strangers to come from Foreign Parts to imitate his Actions Roderick was then near Fifty Years of Age and Henry about Forty The Author of the Manuscript above mentioned says That succours were sent out of France to King Alonso at his request to King Philip I. being then pressed with the War
made by the Almoravides It is likely that Henry came with the Command of these Troops and having gained esteem had the Government of the Province between the Rivers Duero and Minho committed to him other great Men governing the others at the same time After the death of King Ferdinand who divided his Kingdoms among his three Sons Sancho King of Castile having taken Portugal from his Brother Garcia and Leon from Alonso his other Brother obliged him to fly for safety to the Moors 1071. Henry accompanied him in all misfortunes till Sancho being killed Alonso was not only restored to his own but seated in the Thrones of Castile and Portugal 1073. King Alonso considering that he who follows a Prince Gains the Affection of King Alonso deposed in his misfortunes does something more than Man concluded that Henry was a prodigy among mortals and therefore from that time resolved to suit his reward to his Fidelity 4. Beatrix the second Wife of King Alonso dying 1076. a match was agreed for him with the Lady Constance Alonso marries his Aunt Aunt to Earl Henry and he was sent to France to conduct her into Spain With him went Raymund Earl of Toulouse and with them both came Raymund Earl of Burgundy which is the reason some Authors write they came all together whereas the other two had been long before in Spain Thus Henry became great at Court the King being his Friend and the Queen his Aunt which his power he used with such moderation that he was beloved by all Men. 1081. He accompanied King Alonso at the memorable Seige and taking of Toledo as also at the Battle of Sagulias near Badajoz 1087. where the King was overthrown 1090. To reward all these Services the King at last gave him to Wife his Bastard Daughter Teresa He takes to Wife Teresa Bastard Daughter to Alonso and has in Dower the City Porto and its Territory whom he had by the Lady Ximena Nunnez de Gusman Her Dower was the City Porto with its Territory then the best part of what was gained in Portugal giving him leave to retire thither and live with his Wife His Age was the cause that he died leaving Teresa young to marry a second Husband which much disturbed the publick Peace Soon after the Christian Princes joining in League to conquer the Holy Land Earl Henry was chosen General of the Forces sent by King Alonso in which employ he gained great Honour He returned from this Expedition to Toledo where the Court of Castile was then kept in the Year 1099. King Alonso at this time being of a great Age sent his Son Prince Sancho being but Twelve Years of Age under the direction of D. Garcia Count of Cabra with an Army to oppose Almanzor the Moor. With them went many Persons of Quality among which the chief was Earl Henry they came to a Battle in the Plains of Veles where the Prince was unhorsed and killed 1100. though Henry and Garcia exposed themselves to save him Overthrows the Infidels and takes Almanzor prisoner Earl Henry meditating Revenge met Almanzor again in the Field whom he dismounted and took Prisoner delivering him to James Ordonnez for to carry him to the King this done Henry broke through the Infidels putting them to flight with a mighty slaughter 5. As it is doubtful whether Henry went to Hierusalem with the other Christian Princes so is it also whether he was present at the taking of Lisbon Santarem Sintra and other strong places by King Alonso but that he was at these latter Expeditions as most properly appertaining to him is most likely For his good services he receives other Territories of King Alonso But his great Age requiring some rest the King at last gave him leave to retire to Portugal giving to him for himself and his Heirs all that was conquered there which was the Cities Coimbra and Viseo and the three Provinces that betwixt the Rivers Duero and Minho Beira and Tras os Montes with that part of Galicia as far as the Castle Lobeira and leave to conquer as far as Algarve Earl Henry settled his residence at Guimaraens taking the Title of Earl of Portugal The Portuguese encouraged by the presence of a Prince of their own did much upon the borders of the Province betwixt the Rivers Duero and Minho till then not entirely subdued but we have no particular account of their Actions Hecha Martin King of Lamego being a tributary to Henry rebelled and drawing together a powerful Army did much hurt in the Christian Territories The Earl with Egas Moniz a Gentleman then famous and afterward Tutor to King Alonso marched to recover the Booty he had taken and overtook him in a Valley near the Monastery of Arouca The Moor for greater security in case of any misfortune placed his Wife Queen Axa Anzures and all the Prey on the top of a Mountain he thought unaccessible called Sierra Seca The Christian Army encamped along the River Alarda and Egas Moniz seeing the Enemy advantagiously posted undertook with a good party by Night to go about the Mountains and at break of Day to be ready to fall upon them on the top Another overthrow given by him to the to the Moors whilst the Christian Army charged the Enemy below This was accordingly put in Execution and after a bloody Fight the Queen was taken above and the King below they becoming Christians the Earl bestowed the City Lamego upon them they paying tribute for the same 6. The Moores rebelling against their King for changing his Religion 1103. he fled to Guimaraens to crave aid of Earl Henry A Moorish King restored by him who by force took the City Lamego and restored him He fearing in the Earl's absence his Subjects would again revolt desired of him to leave some Portuguese Gentlemen to secure those Lands which was accordingly done and the Country People with Inhabitants brought from the Province betwixt the Rivers Duero and Minho He performs other great Actions This year some Writers will have it that Earl Henry went to the Holy Land with Guy of Lusignan and other Princes all the likelihood there is thereof is That we have no account of him in Portugal from the Year 1103. till the Year 1109. King Ali Haben Joseph with a numerous Army laid Siege to Coimbra which he furiously battered during a Month. Earl Henry marched to their relief and coming to a Battle overthrew the Infidels with a great Slaughter Cintra and other places revolted and were overcome but rising again they could not easily be subdued Whilst our Earl was diverted in the Wars of Galicia and Leon where he took some Towns Cyrus King of the Arabs taking the opportunity laid Siege to Santarem whither our Forces hasting to relieve the place were by him overthrown and so the Town being distressed Surrendred The Earl took several places in Leon so that King
it was his Will that the present King Alonso should marry Elizabeth Daughter of the said Prince Peter to which she willingly consented and desired it might be immediatly performed The Prince tho' astonished at so great a favour accepted the offer No sooner was this noised abroad but Alonso Earl of Barcelos Bastard-Brother to Prince Peter designing to marry the King to his own Grand Daughter prevailed with the Archbishop of Lisbon the Queen's Favâ—â—rite to diswade her from that Resolution Prince Petâ—â— understanding the Design asked the Queen to confirm her Promise to him under her Hand which she tho her mind was altered easily granted 2. The Cortes being met at Torres Novas The Cortes meet and instead of settling Peace widen the Breach where Peace ought to have been established there Discord broke out The Nobility envying Prince Peter the Honour of marrying his Daughter to the King Conspired against him However it was carried in this Parliament That the Queen should have the Education of the King and Prince Peter the Power of the Government She was content but his Adversaries stickled against this Resolution so that they came to be divided the Nobility affirming the Queen ought to Govern and the Commons asserting it was their Right to nominate the Prince a Protector Prince Henry mediated between them allotting the Queen the Charge of the King and the Revenue appointing the Prince to Defend the Kingdom and allowing Earl Alonso to take Charge of the Administration of Justice with the Advice of the Council and Approbation of the Queen and Prince directing the Cortes to meet Yearly to settle all greater Matters Prince Peter tho' nothing was left him but the bare Title of Protector submitted rather than embroil the Kingdom Earl Alonso tho' he had more than he could have demanded was dissatisfied and the Queen pushed on by the Prince's Adversaries would part with nothing The mutinous People obliged the Queen to accept of what was allotted her Earl Alonso sent his Son to demand of Prince Peter the Note the Queen had given him for Security of the King 's Marrying his Daughter he in scorn tore it in pieces and so returned it 3. Embassadors from Castile had been some time in Portugal Embassadors of Castile sent away without an Answer and could not be heard by reason of the present Disorders At length they had Audience of the Queen at Lisbon where they proposed in the Name of King John the Second of Castile That the Bishops expelled during the Schism should be restored That the Military Orders of Avis and Santiago in Portugal should submit themselves as they had been before to those of Calatrava and Avis in Castile That some Portuguese Bishopricks formerly subject to the Archiepiscopal See of Sevil should return to its Obedience After some Debate they were sent away without any Answer which was to be given by Portuguese Embassadors appointed to follow them The People were not at all pleased with the Queen's Administration and pressed Prince Peter to take it upon himself She flying from the Plague then in the City retired to Mount Olivet where she was delivered of the Princess Joanna afterwards Queen of Castile and received Letters from the Pope condoling the Death of the King and advising her not to deliver Ceuta for Prince Ferdinand Prince Peter stirred up by the People to take upon him the Government and advised to it by his Brother Prince John to prevent a Civil War delayed the time At length the People wholly averse to the Queen The People averse to 〈◊〉 Queen ran in multitudes to oblige the Prince to enter upon the Administration of the Publick Affairs and he tho' displeased with the Queen pacified the Multitude perswading them to put off that Design till the Meeting of the Cortes or Parliament 4. The Queen privately writ to all the Members of Parliament to come armed Tumults against the Queen that they might suppress the Rabble But Prince Peter understanding it as Protector charged them to be ready to obey his Orders This done he took leave of the Queen in a course manner which President made her the more slighted she being sensible of it speedily removed to Alenquer The Citizens of Lisbon elected a Standard-bearer and held Seditious Meetings in contempt of the Queen's Letters The Archbishop fortified himself against the Citizens they stopped his Revenue sent Complaints against him to Rome and he was forced to fly to Castile The Multitude headed by a Cooper declared Prince Peter should Govern and a Taylor ratify'd this Decree Thus the Kingdom was disposed of by a Cooper and a Taylor The Governour of the Castle of Lisbon held for the Queen but being sore pressed by the People was forced to surrender it to Prince John Prince Peter sent to Summons the Queen to the Parliament she replyed she would not go unless he resigned all Claim to the Government but he rather chose to stand to the Election made of him by the Cooper and the Taylor Prince Peter made Regent by a Cooper and a Taylor Heads of the Rabble The Prince coming from Coimbra to Lisbon accepted the Government at the hands of the Multitude which was afterwards confirmed to him by the Cortes or Parliament to which the Young King was brought after sufficient Security given his Mother that he should be restored to her Nevertheless he was forcibly taken from her and she retired to Sintra Thence she craved Assistance of her Brothers the Princes of Aragon who sent Embassadors to intercede for her but they were dismissed without any Answer She ceased not to make Friends in Navarre and Aragon and the Prince secured Castile to his Party The Queen in order to make her Escape sent away her Plate and Jewels which were of a great Value to be kept in the Castle of Albuquerque Embassadors came from Castile to require she might either be restored to the Government or have leave to depart the Kingdom But no satisfactory Answer being given them she hereupon made her Escape with her Daughter Joanna born after the Death of the King 5. The Queen being missing Civil War in Portugal all was in Confusion Crato and all the Castles subject to that Priory held for her and thus the Civil War commenced Some Places were taken by the Prince and he resolved to Besiege the Queen in the Town of Crato but she having called some Castilian Troops to her Assistance after making much havock withdrew into Castile Alonso Earl of Barcelos still held out for the Queen but his Son following the Prince brought him over to that Party tho' not without difficulty Thus for some time all Storms seemed to be blown over About this time was brought from Rome a Dispensation for the Young King to Marry Prince Peter's Eldest Daughter Elizabeth as also the Orders of Santiago and Avis in Portugal were exempted from any Subjection to the Orders in Castile The Dispensation being come the King
A few days after he sailed out and the Enemy again standing to Sea they were surprized by so terrible a Storm that all the Fleet was dispersed some Ships drove to Algarve and one falling into the English Fleet was taken The Tempest ceasing the English discovered the Brazil Fleet of which they took 15 sail and Winter coming on returned home This gave the two Princes an opportunity of putting to Sea again after acknowledging the many favours they had received of the King and particularly that of protecting them though contrary to his own interest and the Maxims of State Policy 4. Since the departure of the Marquess de Niza Christipher Soares de Abreu continued at the Court of France Proceedings of several Ambassadors where by reason of the troubles of that Kingdom no further progress was made as to the Affairs of Portugal but the Friendship before Established continued firm All his sollicitations at Rome having proved ineffectual the King now resolved not to trouble the Pope further so that nothing new hapned at that Court Francis de Sousa Coutinho was still Embassador in Holland and dexterously diverted those People from sending supplies to Brasil The States having Endeavoured to corrupt his Secretary that they might see the Kings Letters he improved their artifice to his own Advantage For his Secretary having acquainted him with the overtures made to him he ordered him to consent to them and having filled up several blanks he had under the Kings hand as he thought convenient delivered them to the Secretary who conveyed them to the States and they supposing them to have been the Kings Letters were thereby induced to deferr sending a Fleet they had designed for Brazil It was not long after this when a Servant of his having accidentally Shot a Coachman the Rabble rose and made 3 Assaults upon his House and had certainly Murdered him and his whole Family had he not been relieved by the Prince of Orange his Guards In September Antony de Sousa de Macedo who had been Embassador in England came to the Hague and Francis de Sousa went away to Resâ—â—e as Embassador at the French Court. Since the departure of Antony de Sousa from London there was no Portugues Minister there that whole Kingdom being then in confusion 5. We left Francis Barreto the Portugues General in Brazil Twice Victorious over the Dutch The War in Brazil prosecuted in the Mountains Gararapes Sigismund Vanscop the Dutch Commander thinking this success had rendred the Portugueses less vigilant made a sally at break of Day upon the quarter of Captain Antony Borges Vchoa who having Notice of his approach received him so warmly without his works that he was soon Forced to retire leaving many of his Men dead behind him The Dutch General made many other Sallies both before and after this but none considerable till the 7th of October when he attempted the quarter of Captain Emanuel de Aguiar with all the Foot in the Garrison but neither here was his Success any better than in the former Attempt On the 15th of December they again Marched out and lay close in ambush near the Salt-pits but the Portugueses having intimation of the Place they lay in attacked them there and after a Vigorous resistance put them to flight with considerable Slaughter In these and the like attempts the Year was Spent the Enemy still decreasing in power as receiving no supplies from Holland our Embassador Francis de Sousa artificially diverting all that were designed for them 6. The Baron de Alvito who governed Tangier knowing the chief support of that place consisted in the booties brought in from the Countrey Tangier and India ceased not to surprize the Moors in several parts and brought home considerable preys which was a great relief to the Garrison Nunho da Cunha did the same at Marzagao and in one incursion killed 300 Infidels and brought away 47 Captives D. Francis de Noronha succeeded him in that post and entred upon his Command with no less success than his Predecessor went off In India D. Philip Mascarenhas was still Vice-Roy and this being the last Year of the Truce with the Hollanders they seemed inclined to attempt the Kingdom of Jafanapatan before it was expired This obliged the Vice-Roy to send a Fleet under the Command of D. Roderick de Monsanto to the relief of that place but the Dutch attempting nothing the Fleet returned to Goa The Count de Aveyras sailed from Lisbon this Year to be the second time Vice-Roy of India but he died by the way Four Ships and two Caravels were sent this Year for India Anno 1651. 1. D. John da Costa governed the Province of Alentejo Enterprizes on the Frontiers of Alentejo as was said the last Year during the absence of the Count de St. Lorenzo which continued till the Year 1657. Through the negligence of the Commissaries of the stores Forrage grew so scarce on the Frontiers that several Troops of Horse were forced to retire from Elvas and Campo Mayor farther into the Countrey The Spaniards made their advantage of this opportunity for a Party of 1200 Horse and 600 Foot from Badajoz carried away a great booty from the Territory of Villaboim there being no Troops in readiness to oppose them To revenge this loss D. John da Costa ordered Andrew de Albuquerque General of the Horse with 1000 of them and 800 Foot to make himself Master of Salvatierra which is six Leagues from Olivenza and where the Spanish Commissary-General John de Rozales then was with some Troops Andrew de Albuquerque assembled his Troops at Olivenza and marched with such secrecy to Salvatiera that he had secured all the avenues before the Enemy heard of his approach The Foot broke into the Town with little opposition and with as little took the Castle where they made 100 Horse Prisoners The booty was very considerable the Town consisting of 400 Houses Andrew de Albuquerque returned to Olivenza having lost but three Men in this Action for certain Troops of the Enemy that appeared served only to be Witnesses of the burning of the Town Some few days after D. John da Costa lay in ambush to cut off the Troops of Badajoz that used to come out to Forrage between the Rivers Guadiana and Caya but they not going out that day his Design was disappointed His Horse being now much out of Case for want of Forrage the scarcity till continuing he studied all means how to disable the Enemies Troops Being informed that they had turned 400 Horses to grass near Medellen which is 16 Leagues from Campo Mayor he gave charge to Captain Emanuel de Saldanha to endeavour to destroy them Saldanha committed this Enterprize to his Lieutenant Francis Lobo who set forward twice with only 10 Men to put this in Execution but discovering parties of the Enemy both times he was forced to return The third time he went through and having defeated 15 Men that guarded the