the_o pole_n have_v to_o aspire_v to_o the_o honour_n of_o the_o kingdom_n for_o by_o their_o constitution_n all_o the_o noble_n as_o they_o call_v they_o or_o freeborn_a of_o the_o land_n be_v equal_a as_o to_o their_o birth_n and_o none_o though_o never_o so_o poor_a owe_v precedence_n unless_o through_o a_o compliment_n to_o any_o ever_o so_o rich_a insomuch_o that_o preferment_n and_o honour_n be_v the_o only_a mean_n by_o which_o they_o attain_v to_o precedence_n which_o be_v annex_v thereto_o and_o ascertain_v by_o the_o statute_n and_o law_n now_o one_o will_v think_v that_o this_o mighty_a power_n which_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n have_v to_o dispose_v of_o so_o many_o place_n of_o profit_n and_o trust_v so_o many_o land_n by_o royal_a tenure_n and_o so_o many_o benefice_n must_v needs_o gain_v he_o the_o love_n and_o affection_n of_o those_o on_o who_o they_o be_v confer_v but_o on_o the_o contrary_a the_o pole_n be_v none_o of_o the_o most_o grateful_a and_o know_v too_o well_o that_o the_o king_n can_v dispose_v of_o those_o preferment_n but_o to_o themselves_o they_o believe_v that_o when_o he_o grant_v they_o he_o only_o give_v back_o what_o of_o right_o belong_v to_o they_o and_o that_o it_o be_v not_o so_o much_o a_o act_n of_o grace_n in_o he_o as_o a_o piece_n of_o justice_n approach_n when_o a_o king_n of_o poland_n come_v to_o any_o city_n the_o inhabitant_n be_v oblige_v immediate_o to_o present_v he_o with_o the_o key_n and_o he_o can_v send_v his_o regiment_n of_o guard_n to_o take_v possession_n of_o the_o gate_n the_o citizen_n of_o dantzick_n only_o have_v a_o privilege_n to_o keep_v their_o own_o key_n and_o to_o hinder_v all_o but_o a_o few_o troop_n from_o follow_v the_o king_n into_o the_o city_n it_o be_v certain_a that_o dantzick_n have_v more_o immunity_n and_o privilege_n than_o any_o other_o city_n of_o poland_n insomuch_o that_o it_o may_v be_v rather_o look_v upon_o to_o be_v a_o small_a republic_n of_o itself_o under_o protection_n of_o that_o kingdom_n than_o a_o city_n subject_a to_o it_o nay_o it_o have_v in_o a_o manner_n all_o the_o mark_n of_o a_o sovereign_a power_n for_o it_o can_v condemn_v to_o death_n without_o appeal_n even_o the_o polish_v gentry_n if_o they_o commit_v any_o crime_n within_o its_o territory_n and_o jurisdiction_n diet._n the_o king_n can_v raise_v no_o troop_n at_o his_o own_o charge_n without_o consent_n of_o the_o diet_n and_o this_o for_o fear_v that_o he_o shall_v strengthen_v himself_o and_o entrench_v upon_o their_o liberty_n nevertheless_o vladislaus_n vii_o levy_v some_o with_o the_o portion_n of_o his_o queen_n mary_n ludovica_n but_o the_o senate_n so_o murmur_v that_o he_o be_v soon_o oblige_v to_o disband_v they_o the_o king_n can_v on_o any_o account_n whatever_o go_v out_o of_o the_o kingdom_n without_o consent_n of_o the_o diet_n for_o your_o grace_n may_v observe_v that_o king_n henry_n of_o valois_n be_v fain_o to_o steal_v out_o of_o the_o kingdom_n when_o he_o go_v into_o france_n sigismond_n iii_o after_o the_o death_n of_o his_o father_n john_n king_n of_o sueden_n be_v force_v to_o call_v a_o diet_n at_o warsaw_n in_o the_o month_n of_o may_n 1592._o to_o obtain_v consent_n to_o return_v into_o sueden_n to_o take_v possession_n of_o his_o hereditary_a kingdom_n and_o that_o lewis_n king_n of_o hungary_n who_o be_v choose_v king_n of_o poland_n in_o the_o year_n 1370_o have_v a_o mind_n to_o return_v to_o his_o native_a kingdom_n desire_v leave_v of_o the_o senate_n and_o be_v oblige_v to_o augment_v their_o privilege_n to_o obtain_v it_o respect_v the_o king_n child_n be_v more_o than_o ordinary_o respect_v though_o at_o the_o same_o time_n every_o private_a gentleman_n think_v himself_o as_o great_a as_o they_o by_o the_o law_n and_o to_o have_v as_o lawful_a a_o right_n to_o the_o crown_n yet_o be_v they_o nevertheless_o always_o treat_v as_o prince_n of_o the_o blood_n royal._n his_o elder_a son_n have_v the_o title_n of_o prince_n of_o poland_n and_o the_o other_o bare_o that_o of_o prince_n add_v withal_o their_o christian_a name_n as_o prince_n alexander_n and_o prince_n constantin_n of_o poland_n the_o king_n elder_a daughter_n be_v call_v the_o princess_n of_o poland_n and_o the_o other_o only_a princess_n add_v thereto_o their_o name_n as_o princess_n mary_n of_o poland_n but_o it_o must_v be_v understand_v that_o when_o the_o king_n their_o father_n die_v and_o a_o new_a king_n of_o another_o or_o the_o same_o family_n succeed_v and_o have_v child_n then_o do_v they_o lose_v the_o title_n of_o prince_n and_o princess_n of_o poland_n and_o take_v only_o the_o name_n of_o their_o family_n or_o estate_n such_o as_o prince_n sobieski_n princess_n czartoriski_n yet_o however_o the_o senate_n always_o look_v upon_o themselves_o oblige_v to_o provide_v for_o they_o to_o give_v they_o pension_n and_o to_o match_v they_o equal_a to_o their_o dignity_n and_o birth_n which_o have_v ever_o hitherto_o be_v due_o observe_v nay_o the_o pole_n have_v all_o along_o show_v such_o esteem_n and_o affection_n to_o the_o royal_a family_n that_o although_o they_o have_v not_o allow_v they_o any_o hereditary_a right_n to_o the_o crown_n by_o law_n yet_o have_v they_o always_o elect_v one_o of_o they_o king_n where_o there_o be_v any_o survive_v for_o i_o find_v from_o the_o time_n of_o their_o prince_n piastus_n even_o down_o to_o that_o of_o the_o election_n of_o the_o late_a king_n john_n sobieski_n which_o be_v from_o the_o year_n 830._o to_o the_o year_n 1674_o the_o crown_n have_v always_o continue_v in_o the_o same_o family_n in_o a_o direct_a line_n as_o your_o grace_n may_v observe_v in_o the_o first_o volume_n of_o my_o account_n of_o poland_n they_o have_v also_o not_o confine_v this_o affection_n of_o they_o to_o the_o king_n son_n only_o but_o have_v likewise_o extend_v it_o towards_o their_o daughter_n and_o even_o their_o widow_n as_o may_v be_v see_v at_o large_a in_o their_o history_n where_o your_o grace_n will_v find_v what_o strict_a regard_v the_o pole_n have_v to_o the_o royal_a race_n in_o the_o election_n of_o the_o princess_n hedwigis_fw-la who_o they_o wait_v for_o with_o great_a patience_n though_o all_o the_o while_o they_o suffer_v extreme_o by_o the_o insult_v of_o the_o duke_n of_o masovia_n who_o pretend_v a_o right_n to_o the_o crown_n as_o be_v a_o relation_n to_o casimir_n the_o great_a slight_v the_o king_n be_v natural_a son_n be_v extreme_o undervalue_v and_o be_v hardly_o look_v upon_o to_o be_v common_a gentleman_n for_o none_o of_o the_o gentry_n care_v to_o keep_v company_n with_o they_o nay_o one_o of_o the_o late_a king_n be_v a_o clerk_n in_o the_o salt_n customhouse_n at_o thorn_n a_o city_n in_o prussia_n where_o his_o place_n be_v not_o worth_n he_o above_o thirty_o pound_n per_fw-la annum_fw-la all_o over_o the_o kingdom_n they_o usual_o have_v a_o very_a mean_a opinion_n of_o illegitimate_a child_n though_o nature_n endow_v they_o general_o with_o as_o many_o perfection_n and_o with_o as_o good_a quality_n as_o she_o do_v the_o lawful_o beget_v family_n the_o only_a way_n for_o a_o king_n of_o poland_n to_o continue_v the_o crown_n in_o his_o family_n be_v to_o be_v warlike_a to_o enlarge_v his_o dominion_n to_o gain_v the_o love_n and_o affection_n of_o his_o people_n by_o his_o own_o merit_n and_o by_o the_o favour_n of_o the_o clergy_n to_o send_v his_o child_n early_o to_o the_o war_n to_o get_v credit_n and_o reputation_n in_o the_o army_n to_o spend_v liberal_o all_o his_o revenue_n and_o to_o die_v in_o debt_n to_o the_o end_n that_o the_o pole_n may_v be_v incline_v to_o elect_a his_o son_n to_o enable_v he_o to_o pay_v what_o his_o father_n owe_v but_o all_o this_o while_n he_o must_v never_o think_v to_o encroach_v on_o the_o privilege_n of_o the_o nation_n nor_o endeavour_v by_o any_o mean_n to_o render_v the_o crown_n hereditary_n for_o whenever_o the_o pole_n begin_v to_o smell_v out_o any_o such_o private_a design_n they_o be_v present_o apt_a to_o stir_v up_o seditious_a tumult_n which_o will_v prove_v very_o pernicious_a to_o all_o the_o posterity_n of_o that_o king_n as_o the_o ill_a success_n the_o late_a king_n son_n have_v have_v sufficient_o demonstrate_v denmark_n it_o be_v altogether_o impossible_a for_o a_o king_n of_o poland_n in_o imitation_n of_o the_o king_n of_o denmark_n to_o reduce_v his_o subject_n under_o a_o arbitrary_a power_n for_o the_o state_n of_o denmark_n be_v quite_o different_a then_o from_o what_o that_o of_o poland_n be_v now_o in_o denmark_n the_o king_n clergy_n and_o commonalty_n be_v under_o the_o rule_n and_o government_n of_o the_o gentry_n so_o that_o it_o be_v the_o interest_n of_o the_o clergy_n and_o commonalty_n to_o side_n with_o the_o king_n to_o abate_v and_o depress_v the_o
then_o they_o proceed_v to_o institute_v the_o court_n call_v kaptur_n treat_v of_o before_o interregnum_fw-la this_o diet_n consist_v of_o the_o archbishop_n of_o gnesna_n who_o represent_v the_o king_n person_n and_o the_o other_o senator_n together_o with_o the_o deputy_n of_o the_o province_n 275._o in_o case_n there_o be_v no_o archbishop_n of_o gnesna_n when_o the_o king_n die_v the_o office_n of_o inter-rex_a come_v to_o the_o bishop_n of_o cujavia_n and_o next_o to_o the_o bishop_n of_o posnan_n and_o so_o to_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o bishop_n of_o lower_n poland_n which_o in_o this_o respect_n be_v prefer_v to_o the_o high_a though_o in_o nothing_o else_o yet_o however_o they_o may_v grant_v away_o their_o power_n as_o they_o do_v in_o the_o inter-regnum_n before_o the_o election_n of_o the_o late_a king_n when_o the_o bishop_n of_o cracow_n officiate_v during_o the_o whole_a interregnum_fw-la by_o a_o common_a consent_n of_o those_o bishop_n proceed_n 291._o some_o of_o the_o senator_n and_o deputy_n be_v dispatch_v to_o the_o general_n of_o the_o army_n to_o remain_v with_o they_o and_o to_o be_v assist_v to_o they_o with_o their_o counsel_n in_o the_o affair_n of_o the_o war._n some_o senator_n and_o deputy_n likewise_o be_v appoint_v to_o inspect_v the_o crown-treasure_n deposit_v in_o the_o castle_n of_o cracow_n and_o to_o take_v a_o inventory_n thereof_o which_o they_o be_v afterward_o to_o report_v to_o the_o diet._n this_o treasure_n be_v common_o commit_v to_o the_o custody_n of_o eight_o senator_n who_o be_v the_o castellan_n of_o cracow_n the_o palatine_n of_o cracovia_n posnania_n vilna_n sendomir_n kalisch_n and_o troki_n together_o with_o the_o treasurer_n of_o the_o kingdom_n each_o have_v his_o particular_a seal_n and_o key_n and_o therefore_o none_o to_o act_v without_o the_o unanimous_a consent_n of_o all_o also_o commissioner_n be_v send_v to_o inform_v themselves_o of_o the_o king_n crown-revenue_n which_o they_o be_v likewise_o to_o make_v their_o report_n of_o during_o this_o session_n and_o till_o a_o new_a king_n be_v proclaim_v the_o republic_n 306._o claim_v the_o title_n of_o most_o serene_a from_o all_o sovereign_a prince_n and_o crown_v head_n although_o hautaville_n say_v he_o have_v observe_v that_o the_o king_n of_o france_n write_v to_o this_o diet_n of_o election_n have_v not_o falute_v they_o with_o that_o title_n but_o only_o express_v himself_o in_o these_o term_n to_o our_o dear_a and_o well_o belove_a friend_n and_o ally_n the_o state_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o poland_n and_o great_a duchy_n of_o lithuania_n two_o whilst_o this_o diet_n sit_v which_o by_o the_o law_n be_v not_o to_o be_v above_o a_o fortnight_n without_o prorogation_n and_o from_o the_o time_n of_o the_o circular_a letter_n to_o the_o conclusion_n of_o the_o diet_n of_o election_n all_o court_n of_o justice_n cease_v except_o only_o that_o of_o the_o marshal_n which_o continue_v as_o before_o and_o a_o court_n establish_v to_o prevent_v disorder_n in_o the_o diet._n as_o for_o all_o private_a affair_n and_o suit_n of_o law_n they_o be_v delay_v till_o after_o the_o new_a king_n coronation_n the_o proceed_n in_o this_o diet_n be_v much_o of_o the_o same_o nature_n with_o those_o in_o other_o diet_n occasion_n most_o crown_v head_n and_o other_o christian_a prince_n send_v ambassador_n to_o this_o election_n and_o more_o especial_o the_o emperor_n and_o king_n of_o france_n the_o pope_n also_o always_o send_v his_o nuncio_n to_o take_v care_n that_o the_o election_n shall_v fall_v upon_o a_o profess_a catholic_n and_o one_o that_o be_v in_o the_o interest_n of_o the_o see_v of_o rome_n the_o emperor_n and_o french_a king_n always_o raise_v great_a faction_n to_o promote_v their_o several_a interest_n receive_v before_o any_o ambassador_n arrive_v they_o be_v to_o send_v notice_n of_o their_o come_n to_o the_o archbishop_n of_o gnesna_n who_o be_v to_o appoint_v they_o lodging_n at_o a_o distance_n from_o the_o city_n and_o to_o assign_v they_o a_o polish_v gentleman_n who_o business_n be_v rather_o to_o observe_v their_o conduct_n and_o to_o acquaint_v the_o diet_n therewith_o than_o to_o do_v they_o either_o any_o service_n or_o honour_n but_o however_o these_o rule_n be_v but_o seldom_o observe_v for_o prince_n ambassador_n now_o general_o live_v public_o at_o warsaw_n a_o gentleman_n it_o be_v true_a be_v still_o appoint_v to_o be_v always_o with_o they_o who_o chief_a business_n be_v to_o prevent_v their_o corrupt_v any_o with_o money_n but_o this_o precaution_n be_v notwithstanding_o now_o become_v useless_a since_o avarice_n bear_v so_o great_a a_o sway_n in_o poland_n that_o even_o the_o fidelity_n which_o a_o polish_v gentleman_n owe_v his_o country_n can_v withstand_v the_o charm_n of_o a_o thousand_o crown_n republic_n ambassador_n be_v not_o only_o receive_v from_o foreign_a prince_n and_o their_o master_n letter_n public_o read_v but_o also_o polish_v minister_n be_v send_v at_o this_o time_n from_o the_o republic_n to_o all_o neighbour_a state_n to_o answer_v their_o embassy_n and_o to_o request_v their_o amity_n here_o it_o may_v be_v observe_v that_o all_o ambassador_n or_o envoy_n who_o have_v have_v audience_n of_o leave_n before_o the_o late_a king_n death_n be_v desire_v to_o depart_v within_o eight_o day_n minister_n ambassador_n from_o foreign_a court_n must_v take_v especial_a care_n to_o secure_v the_o diet_n in_o general_n since_o the_o bare_a disoblige_v of_o one_o particular_a member_n may_v render_v they_o for_o ever_o incapable_a of_o bring_v their_o design_n about_o as_o it_o happen_v in_o the_o election_n of_o michael_n wiesnowiski_n where_o the_o true_a reason_n of_o the_o duke_n of_o newburg_n be_v exclude_v be_v the_o quarrel_n with_o the_o chancellor_n patz_n nevertheless_o it_o must_v be_v acknowledge_v that_o that_o election_n be_v tumultuary_a the_o nobility_n have_v not_o their_o free_a vote_n and_o that_o they_o be_v in_o a_o manner_n hurry_v away_o by_o the_o violence_n of_o the_o multitude_n which_o be_v so_o great_a that_o prasmowski_n than_o primate_n be_v force_v to_o proclaim_v he_o though_o he_o know_v that_o the_o republic_n at_o that_o juncture_n have_v need_n of_o both_o a_o rich_a and_o valiant_a king_n neither_o of_o which_o that_o prince_n can_v in_o the_o least_o pretend_v to_o be_v he_o be_v no_o soon_o proclaim_v but_o the_o chancellor_n begin_v to_o insinuate_v that_o he_o owe_v his_o crown_n to_o he_o nor_o be_v it_o a_o difficult_a task_n for_o he_o to_o impose_v on_o a_o prince_n who_o be_v easy_o govern_v and_o who_o have_v always_o show_v more_o good_a nature_n than_o judgement_n diet_n after_o the_o diet_n of_o convocation_n end_v the_o nuncios_fw-la and_o deputy_n retire_v to_o their_o several_a country_n where_o they_o acquaint_v the_o gentry_n be_v a_o second_o time_n assemble_v in_o their_o little_a diet_n of_o the_o proceed_n in_o this_o general_a convocation_n and_o particular_o of_o the_o day_n assign_v for_o the_o election_n whereupon_o the_o gentry_n immediate_o begin_v to_o consult_v about_o what_o be_v proper_a to_o be_v propose_v in_o the_o diet_n of_o election_n and_o they_o proceed_v to_o choose_v new_a deputy_n in_o prussia_n the_o bishop_n of_o varmia_n be_v sole_a lord_n lieutenant_n summon_v all_o these_o little_a diet_n by_o his_o mandate_n election_n the_o general_a diet_n for_o the_o election_n of_o a_o king_n be_v former_o hold_v at_o petricovia_n but_o since_o the_o join_n of_o the_o kingdom_n with_o the_o great_a duchy_n be_v always_o hold_v in_o a_o open_a field_n half_a a_o league_n from_o warsaw_n and_o near_o the_o village_n of_o vola_fw-la and_o be_v not_o to_o continue_v by_o the_o law_n above_o six_o week_n the_o crown-treasurer_n at_o the_o charge_n of_o the_o republic_n build_v there_o a_o large_a booth_n or_o hall_n with_o board_n not_o unlike_a booth_n in_o our_o bartholomew_n fair_a the_o name_n the_o pole_n give_v to_o this_o place_n be_v 295._o szopa_n signify_v a_o cover_a room_n against_o the_o injury_n of_o wether_n it_o have_v but_o three_o door_n to_o go_v in_o at_o and_o they_o fortify_v it_o round_o with_o a_o broad_a and_o deep_a ditch_n when_o this_o place_n be_v thus_o finish_v by_o the_o care_n of_o the_o aforesaid_a officer_n and_o the_o day_n fix_v for_o the_o diet_n convening_n be_v arrive_v the_o senator_n and_o nobility_n go_v in_o great_a order_n to_o st._n john_n church_n at_o warsaw_n where_o they_o pray_v god_n to_o assist_v they_o in_o the_o election_n of_o a_o king_n who_o may_v have_v all_o the_o quality_n necessary_a to_o defend_v the_o church_n and_o protect_v the_o republic_n then_o they_o go_v to_o wait_v on_o the_o queen_n dowager_n to_o condole_v the_o death_n of_o the_o decease_a king_n her_o husband_n the_o primate_n speak_v for_o the_o senate_n and_o the_o last_o nuncio-marshal_n for_o the_o deputy_n who_o be_v then_o answer_v in_o the_o queen_n
priest_n former_o poland_n be_v overrun_v with_o hussites_n picard_n anabaptist_n arrian_n tritheist_n photian_n ebionite_n nestorian_n and_o socinian_o but_o the_o former_a of_o these_o have_v be_v 1658._o some_o time_n since_o extirpated_a and_o the_o socinian_o be_v first_o eject_v by_o john_n casimir_n oblige_v they_o by_o his_o edict_n to_o quit_v the_o kingdom_n immediate_o and_o allow_v they_o three_o year_n to_o dispose_v of_o their_o effect_n these_o three_o year_n be_v afterward_o reduce_v to_o two_o by_o a_o follow_a edict_n but_o notwithstanding_o these_o positive_a law_n several_a of_o this_o sect_n lurk_v about_o in_o the_o kingdom_n from_o time_n to_o time_n and_o some_o be_v protect_v by_o the_o favour_n of_o the_o gentry_n the_o late_a king_n john_n sobieski_n publish_v a_o new_a 1673._o edict_n more_o severe_a than_o either_o of_o the_o former_a whereby_o the_o socinian_o be_v forthwith_o drive_v out_o of_o the_o kingdom_n calvinist_n i_o must_v not_o omit_v to_o acquaint_v your_o grace_n that_o there_o be_v abundance_n of_o lutheran_n and_o calvinist_n in_o this_o kingdom_n and_o that_o chief_o in_o the_o province_n of_o regal_a prussia_n who_o have_v all_o liberty_n of_o conscience_n allow_v they_o and_o who_o the_o king_n be_v oblige_v to_o tolerate_v and_o protect_v by_o his_o coronation-oath_n the_o lutheran_n be_v call_v by_o the_o pole_n sassowiez_n saxon_n because_o luther_n live_v and_o teach_v in_o saxony_n and_o the_o calvinist_n zborocoi_fw-fr conventicler_n from_o the_o polish_v word_n zbor_n signify_v a_o unlawful_a meeting_n i_o shall_v have_v observe_v that_o the_o prussian_n become_v christian_n after_o the_o pole_n the_o reason_n of_o the_o prussian_n so_o ready_o embrace_v the_o lutheran_n doctrine_n cromerus_n attribute_n to_o their_o be_v chief_o germane_a or_o to_o their_o read_v the_o book_n of_o that_o nation_n the_o first_o polish_v nobleman_n convert_v to_o calvinism_n be_v nicholas_n radzivil_n under_o the_o reign_n of_o sigismundus_n augustus_n who_o receive_v all_o that_o sect_n into_o his_o protection_n at_o his_o house_n at_o viena_n where_o they_o have_v their_o service_n in_o the_o polish_v language_n but_o this_o family_n be_v at_o present_a extinct_a the_o last_o person_n of_o it_o be_v a_o daughter_n and_o marry_v to_o the_o elector_n of_o brandenburgh_n son_n yet_o nevertheless_o many_o of_o this_o sect_n still_o remain_v in_o poland_n poland_n there_o be_v beside_o armenian_n jew_n and_o tartar_n in_o this_o kingdom_n who_o all_o enjoy_v their_o different_a persuasion_n and_o ceremony_n as_o for_o the_o armenian_n they_o inhabit_v chief_o in_o certain_a town_n of_o russia_n and_o podolia_n and_o have_v their_o peculiar_a prelate_n abbot_n and_o priest_n their_o service_n be_v always_o exercise_v in_o their_o own_o language_n these_o as_o in_o other_o country_n acknowledge_v the_o supremacy_n of_o the_o see_v of_o rome_n the_o jew_n be_v every_o where_o to_o be_v find_v in_o poland_n and_o enjoy_v their_o religion_n and_o other_o privilege_n without_o interruption_n only_o they_o be_v restrain_v from_o trade_v within_o twelve_o league_n of_o warsaw_n by_o the_o constitution_n their_o number_n be_v so_o great_a that_o mr._n patric_n ogleby_n who_o have_v travel_v all_o over_o these_o country_n affirm_v that_o there_o be_v above_o two_o million_o of_o they_o in_o this_o kingdom_n and_o that_o they_o be_v so_o privilege_v that_o all_o this_o vast_a body_n pay_v not_o above_o a_o hundred_o and_o twenty_o thousand_o tinfe_v or_o florence_o a_o year_n to_o the_o state_n which_o amount_v to_o no_o more_o than_o twenty_o thousand_o dollar_n in_o the_o great_a duchy_n of_o listhuania_n there_o be_v moreover_o about_o thirty_o thousand_o tartar_n with_o liberty_n of_o the_o turkish_a religion_n they_o have_v be_v there_o near_o six_o hundred_o year_n and_o for_o the_o continuance_n of_o their_o privilege_n they_o be_v oblige_v to_o send_v twelve_o hundred_o man_n yearly_o to_o the_o war_n against_o the_o turk_n and_o tartar_n there_o be_v likewise_o a_o great_a many_o idolater_n on_o the_o frontier_n of_o this_o kingdom_n who_o still_o retain_v their_o ancient_a superstition_n whereof_o one_o be_v that_o whenever_o any_o one_o die_v and_o though_o it_o be_v a_o year_n or_o more_o afterward_o that_o another_o die_v likewise_o they_o present_o go_v and_o dig_v up_o the_o first_o body_n and_o cut_v off_o its_o head_n thereby_o to_o prevent_v as_o they_o say_v the_o death_n of_o any_o more_o of_o their_o family_n prevail_v notwithstanding_o poland_n admit_v of_o all_o these_o religion_n yet_o that_o which_o prevail_v most_o be_v the_o roman_n catholic_n which_o the_o pole_n have_v continue_v steadfast_a in_o for_o above_o 700._o year_n they_o be_v so_o zealous_a in_o the_o maintain_n of_o this_o faith_n that_o they_o have_v a_o custom_n to_o draw_v their_o sword_n at_o the_o read_n of_o the_o gospel_n at_o mass_n and_o this_o to_o testify_v their_o readiness_n to_o defend_v it_o also_o they_o be_v so_o bigoted_a to_o their_o persuasion_n that_o they_o former_o will_v not_o intermarry_a with_o heretic_n as_o they_o call_v they_o contract_v any_o alliance_n with_o they_o accept_v of_o their_o assistance_n in_o war_n nor_o receive_v any_o of_o their_o sceptre_n offer_v they_o a_o example_n of_o which_o last_o we_o have_v in_o the_o person_n of_o jugello_n or_o vladislaus_n v._n who_o reject_v the_o crown_n of_o bohemia_n mere_o because_o the_o hussites_n have_v then_o overrun_v that_o kingdom_n also_o in_o john_n casimir_n reign_n the_o swede_n be_v altogether_o eject_v poland_n on_o account_n of_o their_o be_v lutheran_n prefer_v the_o pole_n be_v thus_o zealous_a for_o the_o roman_n catholic_n religion_n they_o will_v admit_v none_o into_o their_o senate_n diet_n or_o court_n of_o judicature_n except_o in_o those_o of_o prussia_n but_o of_o that_o persuasion_n also_o bishop_n always_o preside_v in_o the_o assembly_n of_o the_o state_n to_o the_o end_n that_o nothing_o may_v be_v transact_v there_o in_o prejudice_n of_o that_o faith_n the_o lesser_a clergy_n likewise_o select_v out_o of_o the_o several_a college_n and_o chapter_n of_o the_o kingdom_n be_v appoint_v to_o have_v seat_n in_o the_o tribunal_n and_o other_o court_n of_o justice_n for_o the_o same_o reason_n in_o like_a manner_n the_o great_a officer_n of_o the_o crown_n be_v oftentimes_o bishop_n and_o the_o great_a secretary_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n have_v always_o be_v a_o ecclesiastic_a clergy_n the_o regular_a clergy_n in_o poland_n be_v general_o more_o esteem_v than_o the_o secular_a for_o they_o can_v perform_v all_o the_o office_n of_o parish_n priest_n without_o have_v permission_n from_o the_o bishop_n and_o friar_n mendicant_n be_v allow_v to_o enter_v the_o most_o private_a part_n of_o any_o house_n without_o so_o much_o as_o knock_n at_o the_o door_n there_o be_v all_o sort_n of_o religious_a order_n in_o poland_n except_o those_o of_o carthusian_n and_o minim_n life_n these_o regular_a clergy_n be_v general_o very_o rich_a but_o not_o less_o dissolute_a and_o immodest_a for_o they_o frequent_o go_v into_o the_o cellar_n to_o drink_v be_v the_o tipple_a place_n of_o this_o country_n and_o sometime_o you_o shall_v see_v many_o of_o they_o so_o drink_v in_o the_o street_n that_o they_o be_v scarce_o able_a to_o go_v upon_o their_o leg_n and_o this_o without_o either_o their_o superior_n or_o the_o people_n take_v any_o notice_n of_o they_o poland_n on_o fast-day_n these_o religious_a person_n and_o all_o other_o of_o the_o pole_n abstain_v from_o milk-meat_n egg_n flesh_n and_o boil_a fish_n a-nights_n only_a for_o provide_v they_o keep_v to_o these_o rule_n at_o that_o time_n they_o may_v eat_v and_o drink_v what_o they_o please_v all_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o day_n only_a fryday_n and_o saturday_n they_o forbear_v butter_n cheese_n milk_n and_o egg_n all_o the_o day_n long_o they_o can_v be_v incline_v to_o eat_v butter_n or_o cheese_n on_o fast-day_n though_o they_o have_v permission_n from_o the_o church_n for_o when_o cardinal_n radziouski_n once_o obtain_v they_o that_o liberty_n from_o the_o see_v of_o rome_n they_o absolute_o refuse_v it_o say_v that_o his_o holiness_n be_v a_o heretic_n this_o rigid_a custom_n they_o have_v observe_v ever_o since_o the_o pope_n make_v they_o once_o fast_o for_o a_o hundred_o year_n together_o for_o some_o enormous_a crime_n and_o which_o it_o may_v be_v they_o do_v not_o think_v yet_o sufficient_o expiate_v they_o also_o be_v so_o obstinate_a in_o their_o abstain_v from_o flesh_n that_o they_o will_v not_o eat_v any_o though_o they_o be_v sick_a and_o advise_v thereto_o by_o their_o doctor_n and_o permit_v by_o their_o priest_n clergy_n as_o for_o the_o secular_a inferior_a clergy_n they_o be_v either_o collegiate_n or_o parochial_a and_o both_o be_v much_o after_o the_o same_o nature_n as_o with_o we_o the_o canon_n be_v never_o almost_o present_a at_o the_o office_n for_o they_o
before_o the_o king_n wherever_o he_o go_v and_o to_o take_v care_n that_o all_o the_o court-officer_n perform_v their_o duty_n in_o their_o several_a station_n over_o who_o he_o have_v the_o sole_a jurisdiction_n in_o criminal_a case_n if_o any_o person_n so_o much_o as_o wound_v one_o of_o his_o officer_n he_o lose_v his_o head_n for_o it_o by_o a_o law_n make_v in_o the_o year_n 1573._o he_o be_v moreover_o the_o introducer_n of_o all_o ambassador_n perquisites_n he_o have_v a_o exceed_a great_a benefit_n by_o impose_v prize_n on_o merchant_n ware_n for_o they_o general_o make_v he_o great_a present_n and_o bribe_n to_o augment_v their_o profit_n nevertheless_o his_o power_n be_v very_o much_o lessen_v in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o election_n of_o a_o king_n for_o than_o he_o must_v act_v in_o conjunction_n with_o the_o grand_a marshal_n of_o lithuania_n absence_n he_o always_o act_n by_o assistance_n of_o the_o court_n marshal_n who_o be_v his_o deputy_n in_o his_o absence_n and_o when_o the_o court_n marshal_n absent_v likewise_o the_o duty_n of_o that_o office_n be_v require_v from_o the_o grand_a marshal_n of_o lithuania_n and_o in_o his_o absence_n from_o his_o little_a marshal_n and_o when_o all_o these_o be_v absent_a that_o duty_n be_v incumbent_a on_o the_o chancellor_n and_o treasurer_n in_o their_o respective_a turn_v the_o hundred_o and_o twenty_o lay_v senator_n be_v the_o grand_a marshal_n or_o grand_a steward_n of_o lithuania_n his_o office_n be_v much_o the_o same_o with_o that_o of_o the_o grand_a marshal_n of_o poland_n the_o hundred_o and_o twenty_o first_o lay_v senator_n be_v the_o great_a chancellor_n of_o the_o kingdom_n the_o hundred_o and_o twenty_o second_v lay_n senator_n be_v the_o great_a chancellor_n of_o the_o duchy_n the_o hundred_o and_o twenty_o three_o lay_n senator_n be_v the_o vicechancellor_n of_o the_o crown_n the_o hundred_o and_o twenty_o four_o lay_n senator_n be_v the_o vicechancellor_n of_o the_o duchy_n kingdom_n the_o chancellor_n and_o vicechancellor_n of_o the_o kingdom_n must_v be_v the_o one_o ecclesiastical_a and_o the_o other_o secular_a by_o a_o law_n make_v at_o cracow_n in_o the_o time_n of_o sigismond_n i._n but_o those_o of_o the_o great_a duchy_n be_v both_o oblige_v to_o be_v secular_a though_o 528._o hartknoch_n say_v there_o be_v no_o law_n against_o a_o bishop_n be_v chancellor_n there_o authority_n they_o have_v each_o of_o they_o two_o seal_n the_o chancellor_n the_o great_a seal_n and_o the_o vicechancellor_n the_o lesser_a their_o authority_n be_v equal_a except_o that_o the_o former_a always_o take_v place_n of_o the_o latter_a though_o he_o happen_v to_o be_v a_o bishop_n and_o that_o the_o vicechancellor_n do_v not_o act_v but_o in_o absence_n of_o the_o chancellor_n or_o at_o least_o under_o he_o power_n the_o chancellor_n office_n be_v to_o take_v cognizance_n of_o all_o civil_a affair_n to_o see_v justice_n do_v the_o law_n observe_v and_o to_o render_v ineffectual_a the_o cabal_n and_o intrigue_n of_o foreign_a prince_n in_o prejudice_n of_o the_o liberty_n and_o authority_n of_o the_o republic_n they_o be_v to_o seal_v all_o the_o king_n mandate_n and_o grant_n and_o to_o receive_v and_o answer_v all_o his_o letter_n their_o power_n also_o be_v so_o great_a that_o they_o can_v seal_v several_a thing_n without_o the_o king_n consent_n and_o refuse_v as_o many_o where_o he_o command_v if_o they_o be_v contrary_a to_o the_o constitution_n of_o the_o state_n the_o chancellor_n or_o in_o his_o absence_n the_o vicechancellor_n answer_v to_o all_o speech_n make_v the_o king_n and_o propose_v all_o matter_n to_o be_v debate_v in_o the_o senate_n he_o of_o the_o two_o that_o be_v ecclesiastical_a have_v a_o power_n over_o the_o king_n secretary_n chaplain_n and_o preacher_n as_o likewise_o over_o all_o the_o ceremony_n of_o the_o church_n which_o in_o any_o wise_a relate_v to_o the_o king_n they_o be_v the_o general_a chronicler_n and_o publisher_n of_o the_o law_n and_o take_v cognisance_n of_o all_o appeal_v make_v to_o the_o king_n other_o the_o vicechancellor_n general_o succeed_v the_o chancellor_n though_o sometime_o in_o lithuania_n it_o have_v happen_v otherwise_o the_o ecclesiastical_a chancellor_n or_o vicechancellor_n of_o poland_n be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n choose_v out_o of_o the_o mean_a bishopric_n as_o culm_n premislia_n chelm_fw-ge etc._n etc._n qualify_v they_o ought_v to_o be_v person_n of_o great_a prudence_n learning_n and_o probity_n their_o business_n be_v to_o admonish_v advise_v and_o direct_v the_o king_n in_o his_o administration_n of_o the_o government_n the_o hundred_o and_o twenty_o five_o lie_v senator_n be_v the_o great_a treasurer_n of_o the_o crown_n the_o hundred_o and_o twenty_o six_o lie_v senator_n be_v the_o great_a treasurer_n of_o the_o duchy_n authority_n these_o treasurer_n be_v master_n and_o guardian_n of_o the_o treasure_n and_o revenue_n of_o the_o republic_n which_o be_v bring_v they_o in_o by_o four_o general_a collector_n who_o all_o keep_v a_o true_a register_n of_o it_o give_v a_o copy_n thereof_o to_o the_o king_n and_o another_o to_o the_o treasurer_n they_o also_o have_v the_o keep_n of_o the_o regalia_z as_o the_o crown_n sceptre_n globe_n sword_n of_o state_n robe_n etc._n etc._n they_o moreover_o have_v in_o their_o custody_n all_o the_o king_n furniture_n and_o record_n and_o be_v to_o preside_v in_o the_o office_n of_o the_o mint_n they_o likewise_o pay_v all_o salary_n either_o of_o the_o military_a or_o civil_a list_n the_o treasurer_n privilege_n be_v so_o great_a that_o they_o be_v not_o oblige_v to_o give_v any_o account_n either_o to_o the_o king_n or_o any_o of_o his_o officer_n how_o they_o perform_v their_o trust_n but_o in_o due_a time_n the_o diet_n appoint_v commissioner_n for_o that_o purpose_n they_o be_v oblige_v faithful_o to_o charge_n and_o discharge_v themselves_o before_o they_o otherwise_o the_o republic_n may_v sue_v they_o for_o it_o and_o confiscate_v their_o land_n nevertheless_o the_o treasurer_n who_o most_o common_o misemploy_v the_o public_a stock_n by_o treat_v the_o commissioner_n well_o and_o make_v they_o considerable_a present_n withal_o often_o obtain_v their_o discharge_n without_o much_o difficulty_n trust_n i_o may_v here_o give_v your_o grace_n a_o account_n of_o a_o passage_n that_o happen_v when_o count_n morstyn_n be_v great_a treasurer_n of_o poland_n who_o have_v more_o regard_n to_o his_o own_o private_a interest_n than_o public_a benefit_n send_v all_o the_o riches_n of_o the_o treasury_n into_o france_n when_o fear_v that_o the_o diet_n will_v soon_o think_v fit_a to_o call_v he_o to_o account_n he_o retire_v private_o with_o all_o his_o effect_n out_o of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o go_v to_o settle_v in_o france_n where_o he_o purchase_v the_o whole_a county_n of_o chateau-villain_n which_o be_v worth_a above_o a_o hundred_o thousand_o livre_n a_o year_n the_o hundred_o and_o twenty_o seven_o lay_v senator_n be_v the_o little_a or_o court_n marshal_n of_o the_o kingdom_n the_o hundred_o and_o twenty_o eight_o lie_v senator_n be_v the_o little_a or_o court_n marshal_n of_o the_o duchy_n it_o these_o court_n marshal_n in_o the_o time_n of_o vladislaus_n vii_o have_v a_o contest_v with_o the_o chancellor_n for_o precedence_n but_o at_o length_n they_o be_v order_v to_o be_v content_v with_o the_o last_o place_n in_o the_o senate_n therefore_o starovolscius_fw-la who_o in_o his_o colen_n edition_n of_o the_o state_n of_o poland_n place_n they_o next_o to_o the_o great_a marshal_n in_o that_o of_o dantzic_n put_v they_o last_o of_o all_o officer_n it_o will_v not_o be_v here_o amiss_o to_o acquaint_v your_o grace_n that_o beside_o these_o ten_o crown-officer_n there_o be_v three_o other_o sort_n of_o officer_n which_o be_v not_o senator_n and_o they_o be_v either_o of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o great_a duchy_n the_o king_n court_n or_o belong_v peculiar_o to_o palatinate_n and_o district_v the_o principal_a of_o the_o first_o kind_a be_v these_o general_n the_o two_o grand_a general_n of_o the_o crown_n and_o great_a duchy_n who_o be_v the_o king_n be_v immediate_a substitute_n and_o have_v a_o full_a power_n to_o do_v whatever_o his_o majesty_n can_v be_v he_o present_a though_o this_o dignity_n of_o great_a general_n be_v the_o most_o considerable_a and_o honourable_a of_o any_o in_o the_o republic_n yet_o do_v it_o not_o make_v the_o person_n that_o enjoy_v it_o to_o be_v a_o senator_n nor_o qualify_v he_o to_o have_v the_o least_o seat_n in_o the_o diet_n unless_o he_o be_v therewithal_o a_o palatin_n or_o castellan_n as_o most_o common_o he_o be_v authority_n the_o two_o great_a general_n of_o poland_n and_o lithuania_n have_v equal_a power_n in_o their_o respective_a state_n and_o have_v no_o dependence_n upon_o each_o other_o unless_o that_o the_o great_a general_n of_o lithuania_n always_o give_v place_n to_o he_o of_o poland_n yet_o have_v he_o the_o sole_a command_n
king_n revenue_n arise_v within_o their_o district_n and_o may_v discount_n a_o four_o part_n for_o their_o trouble_n jurisdiction_n the_o starostas_fw-la without_o jurisdiction_n be_v those_o who_o be_v proper_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la they_o have_v no_o power_n to_o exercise_v justice_n unless_o in_o very_o slight_a case_n office_n burgraves_n and_o tribune_n have_v the_o custody_n of_o castle_n fort_n etc._n etc._n and_o be_v to_o keep_v constant_a guard_n there_o either_o by_o themselves_o or_o their_o deputy_n these_o be_v subject_a to_o the_o starostas_fw-la starostaship_n the_o revenue_n of_o starostaship_n partly_o arise_v from_o agriculture_n and_o partly_o from_o manufacture_n and_o handicraft_n they_o have_v be_v sometime_o know_v to_o have_v be_v mortgage_v to_o raise_v the_o king_n revenue_n more_o speedy_o especial_o those_o without_o jurisdiction_n what_o here_o likewise_o the_o officer_n of_o the_o mine_n call_v zuppars_n in_o polish_v may_v be_v take_v notice_n of_o who_o have_v divers_a officer_n and_o substitute_n under_o they_o the_o minor_a ecclesiastical_a and_o temporal_a officer_n and_o person_n of_o this_o kingdom_n be_v in_o all_o respect_n like_v to_o those_o of_o other_o nation_n i_o have_v purposely_o omit_v they_o thus_o my_o lord_n i_o have_v go_v through_o the_o several_a particular_n which_o i_o propose_v to_o entertain_v your_o grace_n and_o the_o public_a with_o yet_o at_o the_o same_o time_n can_v but_o be_v high_o sensible_a of_o my_o presumption_n in_o prefix_v your_o great_a name_n to_o so_o imperfect_a a_o account_n therefore_o hope_v your_o grace_n pardon_n upon_o a_o humble_a acknowledgement_n i_o beg_v leave_v to_o subscribe_v myself_o my_o lord_n your_o grace_n most_o obedient_a and_o most_o humble_a servant_n j._n s._n letter_n iii_o to_o the_o right_n honourable_a james_n vernon_n esq_n principal_a secretary_n of_o state_n of_o the_o grand_a diet_n little_a diet_n and_o other_o general_a assembly_n in_o poland_n with_o a_o account_n of_o all_o the_o several_a court_n of_o justice_n from_o the_o high_a to_o the_o low_a as_o likewise_o of_o the_o judge_n law_n and_o punishment_n in_o that_o kingdom_n sir_n a._n the_o present_a king_n in_o his_o throne_n bb._n the_o ten_o crown_n officer_n c._n the_o a_o bp._n of_o gnesna_n with_o the_o the_o cross_n bear_v behind_o he_o dddd_n the_o other_o ecclesiastical_a senator_n eeeee_o foreign_a ambassador_n admit_v only_o to_o the_o diet_n of_o election_n ffffff_n the_o palatine_n &_o castellan_n in_o the_o three_o row_v on_o each_o side_n gggggg_n the_o deputy_n s_o in_o the_o two_o back_n row_v on_o each_o side_n h._n the_o nuncio_n martial_n or_o speaker_n of_o deputy_n s._n four_o vacant_a seat_n for_o such_o other_o as_o be_v sometime_o admit_v 1._o the_o arm_n of_o poland_n 2._o the_o arm_n of_o lithuania_n sir_n be_v the_o grand_a diet_n or_o parliament_n of_o poland_n by_o the_o native_n call_v seym_n walny_n be_v a_o assembly_n of_o the_o king_n senators_z and_o nuncio_n or_o deputy_n of_o every_o province_n meet_v together_o in_o any_o city_n or_o town_n of_o poland_n or_o lithuania_n in_o order_n to_o deliberate_v upon_o state_n affair_n and_o the_o mean_n to_o secure_v and_o preserve_v the_o kingdom_n both_o in_o time_n of_o peace_n and_o war._n meet_a it_o be_v the_o king_n or_o during_o a_o inter_fw-la regnum_fw-la the_o primate_n who_o have_v the_o sole_a power_n of_o convoke_v this_o great_a assembly_n as_o likewise_o to_o determine_v the_o place_n where_o and_o the_o time_n when_o it_o shall_v sit_v by_o the_o constitution_n of_o the_o kingdom_n the_o king_n be_v oblige_v to_o call_v a_o diet_n every_o three_o year_n and_o of_o every_o three_o successive_o call_v two_o must_v be_v hold_v in_o poland_n most_o common_o at_o warsaw_n and_o the_o three_o in_o lithuania_n in_o the_o city_n of_o grodno_n in_o the_o palatinate_n of_o troki_n twenty_o league_n from_o vilna_n capital_a of_o this_o great_a duchy_n so_o that_o every_o nine_o year_n the_o king_n with_o all_o the_o senator_n and_o deputy_n of_o the_o kingdom_n go_v into_o lithuania_n and_o every_o three_o the_o senator_n and_o deputy_n of_o lithuania_n come_v into_o poland_n the_o reason_n of_o the_o diet_n be_v be_v hold_v in_o lithuania_n be_v because_o the_o lithuanian_n complain_v that_o it_o be_v not_o a_o little_a inconvenient_a for_o they_o to_o come_v so_o far_o as_o poland_n thereupon_o when_o the_o king_n have_v a_o mind_n to_o convoke_v this_o general_a meeting_n he_o be_v to_o send_v out_o circular_a letter_n six_o week_n before_o the_o time_n he_o appoint_v for_o its_o session_n by_o the_o constitution_n in_o the_o year_n 1613._o to_o all_o the_o palatine_n of_o the_o province_n acquaint_v they_o with_o his_o design_n together_o with_o the_o time_n he_o intend_v it_o shall_v meet_v he_o send_v they_o likewise_o a_o list_n of_o all_o the_o affair_n and_o article_n which_o be_v to_o be_v treat_v of_o in_o that_o diet._n whereupon_o every_o palatin_n or_o his_o deputy_n in_o his_o own_o respective_a government_n forthwith_o dispatch_v notice_n to_o all_o the_o castellan_n starostas_n and_o other_o gentry_n require_v they_o at_o a_o certain_a time_n to_o meet_v together_o in_o order_n to_o deliberate_v on_o the_o article_n and_o affair_n propose_v by_o the_o king_n letter_n as_o likewise_o to_o choose_v a_o nuncio_n or_o deputy_n to_o represent_v their_o intention_n and_o decision_n in_o the_o great_a diet._n these_o letter_n be_v proclaim_v by_o a_o herald_n call_v by_o the_o pole_n wozny_n and_o afterward_o past_v up_o upon_o all_o the_o town-gate_n and_o church-door_n these_o assembly_n in_o the_o province_n be_v term_v by_o they_o comitiola_n in_o the_o polish_v language_n seymiki_n or_o little_a diet_n in_o case_n of_o extremity_n six_o week_n notice_n need_v not_o be_v give_v as_o appear_v by_o the_o constitution_n of_o the_o year_n 1638._o meet_v the_o several_a place_n these_o little_a diet_n meet_v at_o be_v as_o follow_v poland_n in_o lower_n or_o great_a poland_n in_o the_o palatinate_v of_o posuan_n and_o kalisch_n siradia_n in_o the_o city_n and_o town_n of_o sroda_n schadkow_n in_o the_o castellany_n of_o vielunia_n in_o the_o city_n and_o town_n of_o vielun_n in_o the_o palatinate_v of_o lanschet_fw-mi bresty_n and_o inowlocz_n in_o the_o city_n and_o town_n of_o lanschet_fw-mi radzieiow_n appoint_a by_o the_o 257._o constitution_n in_o the_o year_n 1510._o in_o the_o palatinate_n of_o dobrina_n the_o little_a diet_n meet_v in_o the_o town_n of_o ripin_n appoint_a by_o the_o constitution_n in_o the_o year_n 1567._o in_o the_o palatinate_v of_o plosko_fw-mi rava_n in_o three_o place_n in_o the_o city_n &_o town_n of_o radzanow_n rava_n sochaczow_n gombin_n podlachia_n masovia_n in_o the_o province_n of_o podlachia_n in_o three_o place_n in_o the_o city_n and_o town_n of_o droghiczin_n mielnik_n bransko_n masovia_n in_o ten_o place_n in_o the_o city_n and_o town_n of_o cirna_n warsaw_n wisna_n wissegrod_n zakrol_n ciekanow_n lombze_n rozan_n liw_n and_o nur._n little-poland_n in_o the_o province_n of_o upper_a or_o little_o poland_n in_o the_o palatinate_n of_o cracovia_n in_o two_o place_n in_o the_o city_n and_o town_n of_o zator_n for_o the_o duchy_n of_o oswieczin_n and_o prossovia_n for_o the_o palatinate_n by_o the_o constitution_n of_o the_o year_n 1667._o in_o the_o palatinate_v of_o sendomir_n and_o lublin_n in_o the_o city_n &_o town_n of_o opatow_n and_o lublin_n lithuania_n in_o the_o great_a duchy_n of_o lithuania_n in_o the_o palatinate_v of_o vilna_n in_o four_o place_n in_o the_o city_n and_o town_n of_o vilna_n osmian_n wilcomitz_n braclaw_n troki_n in_o five_o place_n in_o the_o city_n and_o town_n of_o troki_n grodno_n cowno_n lida_n ponienwiez_n polocz_n in_o the_o city_n and_o town_n of_o polocz_n novogrodec_n in_o two_o place_n in_o the_o city_n and_o town_n of_o slonim_n wolkowizko_n witebsko_fw-mi in_o two_o place_n in_o the_o city_n and_o town_n of_o witebsko_n orska_n briescia_n or_o polesia_n in_o two_o place_n in_o the_o city_n and_o town_n of_o briescia_n pinsko_n mscislaw_n in_o the_o city_n and_o town_n of_o msceislaw_n minsk_n in_o three_o place_n in_o the_o city_n and_o town_n of_o minsk_n modzir_fw-it reczycza_fw-it prussia_n in_o the_o province_n of_o prussia_n in_o the_o palatinate_v of_o pomerania_n marienburg_n culm_n elbing_n in_o the_o city_n and_o town_n of_o imprimis_fw-la in_o all_o the_o district_n then_o in_o stargar-stuma_a die_v michalovia_n and_o graudentz_n elbing_n russia_n in_o the_o province_n of_o russia_n in_o the_o palatinate_v of_o russia_n in_o five_o place_n in_o the_o city_n and_o town_n of_o leopol_n praemislaw_n sanoch_n halitz_n chelm_fw-ge belsko_fw-mi podolia_n in_o the_o city_n and_o town_n of_o belsko_n caminiec_fw-la since_o caminiec_n be_v take_v by_o the_o turk_n its_o little_a diet_n meet_v at_o leopol_n in_o the_o palatinate_v of_o kiovia_n braclaw_n in_o the_o city_n and_o town_n of_o
can_v have_v any_o force_n it_o must_v be_v review_v by_o the_o great_a marshal_n and_o two_o deputy_n or_o by_o three_o senator_n and_o six_o deputy_n have_v be_v thus_o review_v it_o be_v read_v out_o in_o the_o diet_n by_o the_o nuncio_n marshal_n after_o which_o the_o chancellor_n demand_n with_o a_o low_a voice_n if_o the_o king_n senate_n and_o deputy_n consent_v to_o apply_v the_o seal_n which_o be_v answer_v in_o the_o affirmative_a it_o be_v present_o seal_v and_o enroll_v among_o the_o act_n in_o the_o register_n of_o warsaw_n and_o this_o by_o the_o care_n of_o the_o deputy_n marshal_n who_o be_v to_o see_v it_o do_v soon_o after_o the_o conclusion_n of_o the_o session_n after_o this_o one_o of_o the_o king_n secretary_n be_v to_o get_v it_o print_v and_o disperse_v among_o the_o several_a little_a diet_n and_o tribunal_n all_o over_o the_o kingdom_n print_v it_o must_v be_v observe_v that_o where_o the_o diet_n have_v be_v dissolve_v through_o the_o obstinacy_n of_o any_o particular_a member_n no_o law_n or_o constitution_n can_v be_v commit_v to_o the_o press_n whereupon_o in_o the_o year_n 1665._o the_o nuncios_fw-la severe_o reprove_v their_o marshal_n for_o but_o suffer_v they_o to_o be_v transcribe_v where_o the_o session_n have_v be_v adjourn_v the_o same_o law_n be_v to_o be_v observe_v in_o all_o decree_n of_o the_o diet_n for_o immediate_o after_o the_o publish_n of_o they_o by_o the_o referendary_a they_o be_v to_o be_v transcribe_v sign_v seal_v and_o print_v those_o decree_n that_o concern_v the_o treasury_n be_v to_o be_v sign_v only_o by_o a_o prothonotary_n appoint_v for_o that_o purpose_n limit_v by_o the_o constitution_n of_o the_o kingdom_n the_o diet_n ought_v never_o to_o sit_v above_o six_o week_n and_o the_o gentry_n be_v so_o very_o exact_a in_o observe_v this_o privilege_n that_o as_o soon_o as_o ever_o that_o time_n be_v expire_v they_o send_v their_o marshal_n to_o take_v leave_v of_o the_o king_n in_o their_o name_n and_o moreover_o to_o acquaint_v he_o that_o they_o intend_v to_o wait_v on_o he_o to_o kiss_v his_o hand_n which_o they_o be_v admit_v to_o do_v soon_o after_o they_o be_v so_o obstinate_o bend_v upon_o defend_v this_o custom_n that_o though_o the_o urgency_n of_o state_n require_v never_o so_o short_a a_o continuance_n of_o the_o diet_n after_o the_o time_n prescribe_v yet_o they_o always_o vigorous_o oppose_v it_o as_o they_o do_v in_o the_o year_n 1649._o when_o the_o tartar_n and_o cosacks_n have_v almost_o overrun_v the_o kingdom_n wherefore_o the_o reason_n i_o suppose_v why_o the_o member_n of_o the_o diet_n be_v so_o punctual_a in_o observe_v this_o constitution_n above_o any_o other_o be_v because_o by_o that_o time_n their_o money_n general_o be_v spend_v and_o other_o provision_n which_o they_o bring_v in_o wagon_n from_o home_n as_o beer_n wine_n meat_n fowl_n etc._n etc._n consume_v by_o the_o great_a train_n of_o guard_n and_o other_o domestic_n which_o they_o have_v with_o they_o diet_n the_o affair_n general_o treat_v of_o in_o the_o grand_a diet_n be_v either_o a_o king_n election_n or_o his_o marriage_n send_v ambassador_n to_o foreign_a prince_n declare_v war_n or_o make_v peace_n impose_v tax_n to_o carry_v on_o a_o war_n make_v alliance_n with_o other_o prince_n and_o all_o other_o state_n affair_n likewise_o all_o suit_n of_o law_n between_o private_a person_n have_v their_o last_o appeal_n from_o the_o tribunal_n to_o the_o diet_n as_o may_v appear_v by_o the_o difference_n adjust_v by_o they_o between_o the_o order_n of_o malta_n and_o prince_n demetrius_n wiesnowiski_n who_o withhold_v possession_n of_o what_o be_v give_v by_o his_o brother-in-law_n the_o duke_n of_o ostrog_n to_o this_o order_n also_o in_o criminal_a case_n they_o judge_v and_o condemn_v as_o they_o do_v those_o who_o assassinate_v gonczeski_n lieutenant_n general_n of_o lithuania_n who_o have_v all_o their_o head_n cut_v off_o by_o proceed_n in_o this_o court_n treason_n in_o case_n of_o high-treason_n the_o pole_n say_v their_o king_n ought_v not_o to_o be_v present_a at_o the_o trial_n of_o any_o traitor_n and_o therefore_o the_o marshal_n lubomirski_n complain_v of_o john_n casimir'_v condemn_v he_o in_o the_o diet_n for_o contumacy_n also_o they_o do_v not_o general_o admit_v the_o nuncios_fw-la at_o that_o time_n though_o stephen_n batori_fw-la at_o a_o diet_n hold_v at_o warsaw_n in_o the_o year_n 1582._o cause_v they_o to_o be_v present_a at_o the_o trial_n of_o shorowski_n for_o treason_n to_o the_o end_n that_o they_o may_v all_o be_v witness_n of_o the_o injustice_n do_v he_o poland_n it_o be_v likewise_o in_o the_o diet_n that_o stranger_n be_v naturalize_v and_o native_n of_o the_o country_n who_o be_v not_o freeborn_a be_v make_v gentleman_n former_o no_o person_n be_v capable_a of_o this_o honour_n but_o such_o only_a as_o have_v serve_v in_o the_o war_n for_o a_o considerable_a time_n or_o else_o who_o have_v do_v some_o other_o good_a service_n to_o the_o state_n but_o now_o there_o need_v no_o other_o merit_n or_o good_a quality_n than_o to_o be_v rich_a enough_o to_o purchase_v the_o favour_n of_o the_o court_n or_o the_o protection_n of_o some_o great_a man._n they_o that_o pretend_v to_o the_o indigenat_n that_o be_v to_o be_v make_v noble_a have_v no_o more_o to_o do_v than_o to_o apply_v themselves_o to_o the_o nuncio-marshal_n who_o have_v the_o power_n to_o put_v their_o name_n into_o the_o roll_n of_o those_o that_o desire_v to_o be_v make_v polish_v gentleman_n after_o which_o they_o be_v to_o give_v in_o a_o note_n of_o their_o genealogy_n name_n surname_n family_n and_o service_n and_o to_o put_v their_o arm_n in_o the_o middle_a when_o they_o have_v be_v receive_v and_o accept_v by_o the_o diet_n and_o have_v get_v their_o patent_n sign_v they_o be_v to_o take_v a_o oath_n before_o the_o same_o marshal_n to_o be_v true_a and_o faithful_a to_o their_o king_n and_o country_n and_o whereof_o the_o marshal_n afterward_o give_v they_o a_o certificate_n stand_v nevertheless_o though_o the_o candidate_n be_v declare_v noble_a by_o the_o unanimous_a consent_n of_o the_o three_o order_n yet_o be_v he_o capable_a only_o of_o mean_a employment_n and_o to_o have_v a_o vote_n among_o the_o gentry_n it_o not_o be_v in_o the_o power_n of_o the_o king_n to_o bestow_v either_o on_o he_o or_o his_o child_n any_o important_a preferment_n till_o the_o three_o generation_n be_v past_a and_o the_o republic_n be_v thereby_o satisfy_v of_o their_o fidelity_n loyalty_n and_o affection_n for_o their_o country_n diet._n though_o no_o other_o person_n but_o the_o king_n senate_n and_o nuncios_fw-la can_v have_v any_o business_n or_o vote_n in_o the_o diet_n yet_o vast_a number_n of_o other_o people_n still_o flock_v thither_o also_o most_o common_o foreign_a prince_n choose_v then_o to_o send_v their_o ambassador_n according_a to_o the_o interest_n they_o have_v to_o maintain_v in_o the_o diet._n at_o this_o time_n likewise_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o nobility_n that_o have_v wherewithal_o to_o appear_v in_o any_o sort_n of_o grandeur_n meet_v here_o together_o with_o their_o wife_n and_o child_n though_o they_o have_v no_o other_o business_n than_o to_o see_v and_o be_v see_v it_o be_v then_o their_o son_n get_v acquaint_v with_o other_o of_o the_o young_a gentry_n and_o often_o be_v marry_v to_o some_o of_o the_o young_a lady_n that_o come_v in_o like_a manner_n to_o be_v observe_v and_o to_o get_v husband_n in_o short_a the_o diet_n be_v a_o kind_n of_o general_a rendezvouz_n of_o all_o the_o people_n of_o quality_n in_o the_o kingdom_n as_o well_o man_n and_o woman_n as_o child_n so_o that_o what_o city_n soever_o the_o diet_n sit_v in_o there_o be_v always_o thirty_o thousand_o and_o sometime_o forty_o thousand_o person_n more_o than_o there_o use_v to_o be_v notwithstanding_o nevertheless_o provision_n be_v not_o very_o scarce_o by_o reason_n that_o every_o gentleman_n almost_o bring_v his_o necessary_n along_o with_o he_o nay_o the_o great_a part_n send_v their_o fuel_n and_o provender_n for_o their_o horse_n by_o the_o river_n vistula_n to_o warsaw_n when_o they_o come_v from_o that_o side_n of_o the_o country_n there_o be_v likewise_o several_a gentleman_n that_o always_o come_v from_o germany_n sweden_n and_o other_o adjacent_a country_n to_o see_v this_o general_a meeting_n which_o be_v a_o fine_a sight_n and_o the_o only_a thing_n that_o be_v worth_a observe_v in_o poland_n night_n at_o this_o time_n there_o be_v always_o such_o a_o crowd_n of_o soldier_n heyduke_n and_o footman_n in_o the_o street_n that_o it_o be_v not_o safe_a to_o be_v abroad_o after_o day_n shut_v in_o for_o fear_n of_o be_v robe_v or_o stripe_v naked_a as_o happen_v almost_o every_o night_n for_o the_o polish_v gentry_n give_v so_o very_o short_a allowance_n to_o their_o guard_n and_o servant_n
credit_n and_o authority_n nevertheless_o be_v so_o great_a that_o he_o can_v dispose_v the_o affair_n in_o the_o diet_n as_o he_o please_v especial_o where_o they_o tend_v to_o the_o public_a good_a of_o the_o kingdom_n for_o very_o few_o if_o any_o at_o all_o will_v venture_v to_o protest_v against_o any_o proceed_n there_o that_o be_v for_o the_o interest_n of_o the_o nation_n unless_o they_o be_v support_v by_o a_o good_a party_n of_o senator_n and_o deputy_n and_o this_o because_o it_o be_v not_o only_o infamous_a and_o scandalous_a to_o his_o person_n but_o also_o prejudicial_a to_o his_o posterity_n that_o break_v up_o a_o diet_n as_o also_o not_o a_o little_a dangerous_a to_o his_o life_n to_o irritate_fw-la and_o disobey_v so_o powerful_a a_o body_n for_o they_o be_v common_o very_o liberal_a in_o their_o passion_n of_o bestow_v several_a slash_n of_o a_o scymitar_n on_o any_o ill-natured_a corrupt_a member_n that_o oppose_v the_o interest_n of_o his_o country_n though_o in_o reality_n he_o have_v the_o law_n on_o his_o side_n it_o be_v certain_a therefore_o that_o where_o any_o person_n withstand_v the_o rest_n in_o the_o diet_n it_o be_v either_o because_o the_o king_n have_v not_o sufficient_o employ_v his_o authority_n to_o pacify_v he_o or_o policy_n to_o win_v he_o with_o a_o small_a present_n or_o else_o by_o reason_n that_o he_o do_v not_o care_n they_o shall_v agree_v or_o last_o because_o there_o be_v a_o considerable_a party_n of_o senator_n and_o deputy_n that_o support_v or_o rather_o employ_v he_o to_o protest_v against_o a_o act_n that_o they_o do_v not_o think_v for_o their_o interest_n to_o let_v pass_v it_o be_v a_o common_a practice_n where_o any_o of_o the_o member_n of_o the_o senate_n have_v any_o particular_a advantage_n by_o oppose_v the_o diet_n proceed_n not_o to_o expose_v themselves_o either_o to_o the_o hatred_n or_o anger_n of_o that_o numerous_a body_n but_o rather_o to_o sacrifice_v some_o private_a deputy_n to_o their_o fury_n who_o for_o a_o small_a sum_n of_o money_n will_v come_v into_o the_o diet_n and_o declare_v in_o plain_a term_n without_o any_o manner_n of_o reason_n that_o it_o be_v not_o his_o pleasure_n that_o such_o a_o matter_n then_o in_o agitation_n shall_v pass_v whereupon_o he_o immediate_o withdraw_v if_o he_o can_v into_o the_o country_n for_o security_n but_o general_o these_o opposition_n be_v never_o practise_v where_o the_o public_a interest_n of_o the_o nation_n be_v concern_v as_o appear_v in_o the_o raise_n the_o last_o siege_n of_o vienna_n by_o the_o turk_n where_o the_o pole_n find_v that_o the_o loss_n of_o that_o city_n will_v turn_v be_v very_o much_o to_o their_o prejudice_n march_v direct_o under_o their_o then_o reign_v king_n john_n iii_o to_o the_o relief_n of_o it_o which_o they_o soon_o effect_v to_o their_o immortal_a honour_n and_o glory_n it_o be_v true_a that_o it_o be_v not_o a_o easy_a matter_n to_o bring_v the_o pole_n into_o the_o field_n but_o when_o once_o they_o be_v get_v together_o into_o a_o considerable_a body_n their_o courage_n and_o undaunted_a resolution_n render_v they_o invincible_a reason_n second_o the_o order_n of_o their_o government_n and_o their_o courage_n and_o resolution_n do_v not_o so_o much_o contribute_v towards_o their_o preservation_n as_o the_o envy_n and_o jealousy_n of_o their_o neighbour_n among_o themselves_o for_o when_o the_o late_a king_n of_o sueden_n and_o elector_n of_o brandenbourg_n make_v war_n with_o poland_n the_o tartar_n come_v to_o assist_v the_o pole_n and_o at_o the_o same_o time_n the_o king_n of_o denmark_n make_v a_o considerable_a diversion_n in_o suedeland_n when_o the_o tartar_n likewise_o declare_v war_n against_o poland_n most_o common_o either_o the_o emperor_n or_o moscovite_n come_v to_o its_o relief_n or_o else_o make_v great_a diversion_n on_o their_o side_n for_o as_o it_o be_v the_o interest_n of_o the_o prince_n their_o neighbour_n not_o to_o let_v they_o grow_v to_o that_o exorbitant_a power_n which_o they_o have_v former_o so_o it_o be_v not_o at_o all_o for_o their_o benefit_n to_o let_v they_o perish_v for_o whoever_o can_v be_v able_a to_o conquer_v poland_n and_o unite_v it_o to_o his_o own_o dominion_n will_v quick_o be_v too_o powerful_a for_o all_o the_o rest_n reason_n three_o the_o pole_n beside_o this_o can_v the_o easy_o conserve_v their_o dominion_n by_o reason_n that_o they_o have_v no_o strong_a fort_n or_o castle_n to_o shelter_v their_o enemy_n where_o they_o happen_v to_o make_v any_o progress_n in_o their_o country_n yet_o i_o very_o believe_v that_o a_o army_n of_o fifty_o thousand_o welldisciplined_a man_n will_v at_o present_a conquer_v the_o whole_a kingdom_n of_o poland_n though_o at_o the_o same_o time_n i_o be_o of_o opinion_n that_o a_o hundred_o thousand_o can_v not_o be_v able_a to_o keep_v it_o carolus_n custavus_n king_n of_o sueden_n with_o about_o forty_o thousand_o man_n entire_o subdue_v poland_n in_o less_o than_o two_o year_n time_n yet_o when_o he_o begin_v to_o encroach_v too_o much_o upon_o their_o constitution_n and_o liberty_n the_o polish_v gentry_n join_v unanimous_o together_o and_o soon_o drive_v the_o suede_n out_o of_o the_o kingdom_n the_o tartar_n in_o numerous_a body_n make_v frequent_a incursion_n into_o this_o open_a country_n but_o still_o as_o soon_o as_o they_o have_v load_v themselves_o with_o their_o booty_n they_o make_v all_o possible_a haste_v away_o the_o loss_n of_o caminiec_n make_v the_o pole_n admire_v at_o their_o own_o policy_n in_o have_v no_o strong_a town_n for_o they_o say_v have_v not_o that_o be_v so_o well_o fortify_v it_o have_v not_o serve_v for_o shelter_n to_o a_o strong_a garrison_n of_o turk_n and_o tartar_n at_o their_o door_n insomuch_o that_o it_o may_v be_v observe_v that_o fort_n and_o castle_n which_o we_o count_v our_o great_a security_n will_v inevitable_o be_v the_o ruin_n of_o the_o pole_n they_o be_v not_o skilled_a in_o besiege_v town_n and_o moreover_o have_v no_o good_a artillery_n engineer_n ammunition_n or_o other_o necessary_n since_o they_o never_o be_v nor_o ever_o will_v be_v able_a to_o retake_v caminiec_n though_o it_o be_v a_o place_n of_o no_o extraordinary_a strength_n and_o for_o my_o part_n i_o very_o believe_v that_o if_o it_o shall_v be_v surrender_v to_o they_o they_o will_v quick_o raze_v and_o demolish_v it_o poland_n sir_n have_v thus_o far_o treat_v only_o of_o the_o diet_n or_o parliament_n of_o poland_n i_o will_v now_o proceed_v to_o present_v you_o with_o a_o cursory_a account_n of_o its_o other_o assembly_n and_o court_n of_o justice_n and_o therefore_o must_v acquaint_v you_o that_o beside_o the_o grand_a diet_n and_o senate_n the_o clergy_n there_o have_v both_o a_o general_a convocation_n and_o two_o provincial_a synod_n but_o which_o be_v whole_o regulate_v and_o awe_v by_o the_o pontifical_a chair_n i_o may_v take_v notice_n that_o the_o archbishop_n of_o leopol_n though_o he_o can_v call_v and_o hold_v his_o synod_n apart_o yet_o be_v he_o altogether_o subject_a in_o spiritual_n to_o the_o archbishop_n of_o gnesna_n or_o primate_n of_o poland_n the_o general_a convocation_n be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n convene_v every_o three_o year_n at_o petricovia_n lanschet_fw-mi or_o lowitz_n whereof_o the_o minor_a clergy_n as_o in_o england_n be_v admit_v by_o their_o deputy_n or_o representative_n court_n as_o for_o cours_n of_o justice_n the_o pole_n have_v one_o that_o be_v whole_o peculiar_a to_o the_o interregnum_fw-la which_o they_o call_v the_o kaptur_n this_o be_v twofold_a either_o general_a which_o sit_v during_o the_o interregnum_fw-la to_o prevent_v disorder_n and_o which_o have_v power_n over_o life_n and_o death_n or_o particular_a in_o the_o several_a palatinate_n of_o the_o kingdom_n the_o judge_n of_o the_o former_a be_v choose_v out_o of_o the_o prime_a nobility_n and_o those_o of_o the_o latter_a out_o of_o the_o nobility_n in_o general_n of_o every_o palatinate_n at_o the_o several_a particular_a convention_n and_o in_o the_o beginning_n of_o every_o interregnum_fw-la all_o these_o court_n cease_v three_o week_n before_o the_o assembly_n for_o election_n meet_v and_o after_o the_o election_n they_o sit_v again_o to_o the_o very_a day_n of_o the_o coronation_n jurisdiction_n the_o other_o court_n of_o justice_n in_o poland_n be_v either_o ecclesiastical_a civil_a or_o military_a the_o ecclesiastical_a as_o in_o other_o nation_n be_v altogether_o in_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o bishop_n who_o have_v each_o their_o chancellor_n register_n etc._n etc._n from_o who_o appeal_n may_v be_v make_v to_o the_o archbishop_n and_o even_o from_o the_o archbishop_n of_o leopol_n to_o he_o of_o gnesna_n who_o be_v the_o pope_n legate_n bear_v and_o primate_n and_o metropolitan_a of_o all_o poland_n nevertheless_o from_o he_o appeal_v lie_v to_o the_o see_v of_o rome_n these_o judge_n according_a to_o the_o canon_n and_o custom_n of_o
declare_v war_n against_o any_o prince_n bring_v any_o foreign_a troop_n into_o the_o kingdom_n suffer_v no_o soldier_n to_o go_v out_o of_o it_o nor_o levy_v any_o new_a troop_n 6._o that_o all_o the_o field-officer_n shall_v be_v either_o pole_n or_o lithuanian_n or_o at_o least_o native_n of_o such_o province_n as_o depend_v upon_o the_o crown_n of_o poland_n 7._o that_o all_o the_o officer_n of_o his_o regiment_n of_o guard_n shall_v be_v likewise_o either_o pole_n or_o lithuanian_n that_o their_o colonel_n or_o chief_a commander_n shall_v be_v a_o polish_v nobleman_n and_o who_o shall_v take_v a_o oath_n of_o fidelity_n to_o the_o republic_n and_o that_o all_o the_o officer_n in_o general_n shall_v be_v subject_a to_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o grand_a marshal_n 8._o that_o as_o to_o affair_n which_o concern_v the_o republic_n he_o shall_v not_o make_v use_n of_o his_o privy-seal_n 9_o that_o in_o six_o week_n after_o any_o charge_n or_o office_n vacant_a he_o shall_v take_v care_n to_o bestow_v it_o on_o some_o worthy_a and_o well_o qualify_v polish_v gentleman_n and_o on_o no_o other_o 10._o that_o he_o will_v not_o confer_v on_o any_o one_o person_n the_o office_n benefice_n or_o dignity_n which_o the_o law_n of_o the_o kingdom_n prescribe_v to_o be_v enjoy_v by_o more_o 11._o that_o he_o will_v not_o marry_v but_o according_a to_o the_o law_n and_o with_o the_o consent_n and_o approbation_n of_o the_o senate_n who_o shall_v assign_v his_o queen_n that_o retinue_n only_o which_o they_o think_v fit_a and_o convenient_a violate_v this_o article_n king_n michael_n break_v when_o he_o marry_v eleonora_n the_o emperor_n sister_n without_o approbation_n of_o the_o senate_n but_o which_o nevertheless_o he_o afterward_o repent_v of_o for_o they_o murmur_v heavy_o against_o he_o and_o do_v not_o scruple_n to_o tell_v he_o to_o his_o face_n that_o he_o have_v violate_v his_o coronation-oath_n likewise_o when_o prince_n james_n the_o late_a king_n son_n marry_v the_o princess_n of_o newbourg_n the_o senate_n procure_v the_o king_n to_o send_v his_o own_o guard_n that_o no_o german_a guard_n may_v come_v into_o the_o kingdom_n 12._o that_o together_o with_o his_o council_n he_o will_v regulate_v the_o number_n of_o horse_n and_o foot_n which_o be_v necessary_a to_o the_o end_n that_o the_o republic_n may_v have_v no_o need_n of_o foreign_a troop_n nor_o be_v put_v to_o a_o unusual_a expense_n and_o that_o he_o will_v take_v care_n to_o preserve_v such_o good_a discipline_n among_o the_o soldier_n that_o they_o shall_v commit_v no_o disorder_n either_o in_o their_o quarter_n or_o their_o march_n 13._o that_o if_o it_o be_v necessary_a for_o the_o interest_n of_o the_o state_n to_o have_v a_o fleet_n that_o he_o shall_v build_v none_o without_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o gentry_n and_o advice_n of_o the_o senate_n 14._o that_o he_o will_v no_o way_n diminish_v the_o treasure_n reposit_v in_o the_o castle_n of_o cracow_n but_o will_v rather_o study_v to_o increase_v and_o augment_v it_o 15._o that_o he_o will_v borrow_v no_o money_n nor_o consent_n that_o any_o shall_v be_v borrow_a for_o his_o use_n without_o the_o knowledge_n and_o approbation_n of_o the_o diet_n 16._o that_o he_o will_v always_o administer_v justice_n by_o the_o advice_n of_o the_o senator_n and_o counsellor_n which_o attend_v he_o 17._o that_o for_o the_o expense_n of_o his_o table_n he_o shall_v be_v content_v with_o those_o revenue_n that_o have_v be_v grant_v by_o the_o republic_n to_o the_o king_n his_o predecessor_n and_o moreover_o that_o he_o shall_v enjoy_v they_o only_o for_o life_n 18._o that_o he_o shall_v not_o introduce_v any_o stranger_n of_o what_o rank_n or_o quality_n soever_o into_o his_o council_n and_o that_o he_o will_v bestow_v no_o office_n dignity_n or_o government_n upon_o they_o 19_o that_o for_o the_o preservation_n of_o his_o power_n and_o dignity_n he_o will_v not_o diminish_v or_o abrogate_v any_o of_o the_o office_n at_o his_o disposal_n either_o in_o the_o republic_n or_o court_n 20._o and_o last_o that_o he_o will_v inviolable_o keep_v maintain_v and_o defend_v and_o confirm_v by_o his_o letter_n patent_n all_o the_o right_n liberty_n immunites_n and_o privilege_n lawful_o grant_v by_o former_a king_n either_o to_o the_o pole_n or_o lithuanian_n or_o to_o any_o of_o the_o province_n which_o depend_v upon_o either_o of_o those_o two_o nation_n article_n to_o these_o article_n they_o common_o add_v several_a other_o which_o vary_v according_a to_o the_o circumstance_n of_o time_n or_o quality_n of_o the_o person_n elect_v king_n dr._n connor_n say_v when_o he_o be_v in_o poland_n he_o hear_v the_o pole_n say_v that_o at_o the_o next_o election_n they_o will_v make_v a_o law_n by_o which_o the_o king_n shall_v be_v oblige_v to_o reside_v always_o at_o warsaw_n which_o in_o a_o manner_n seem_v to_o be_v the_o centre_n of_o the_o kingdom_n the_o reason_n that_o make_v they_o think_v of_o this_o be_v because_o the_o late_a king_n almost_o always_o have_v a_o ambulatory_a court_n have_v no_o certain_a or_o fix_a residence_n or_o abide_v for_o sometime_o he_o live_v on_o his_o own_o estate_n in_o prussia_n and_o sometime_o in_o russia_n at_o zolkiew_n and_o so_o ramble_v about_o from_o one_o country_n palace_n to_o another_o where_o oftentimes_o the_o courtier_n ambassador_n or_o several_a gentleman_n of_o the_o kingdom_n that_o be_v force_v to_o follow_v he_o about_o business_n find_v but_o very_o indifferent_a lodging_n and_o entertainment_n it_o may_v here_o be_v observe_v that_o at_o new_a election_n they_o always_o make_v some_o new_a constitution_n or_o other_o for_o the_o benefit_n of_o the_o nation_n and_o to_o abridge_v the_o power_n of_o their_o king_n swear_v the_o formality_n which_o they_o use_v when_o they_o make_v the_o king_n swear_v to_o the_o pacta_fw-la conventa_fw-la be_v as_o follow_v the_o archbishop_n of_o gnesna_n and_o the_o nuncio-marshal_n carry_v these_o article_n before_o the_o king_n after_o mass_n and_o when_o they_o be_v come_v to_o the_o great_a altar_n his_o majesty_n repeat_v after_o the_o chancellor_n these_o word_n oath_n we_o frederick_n augustus_n due_o elect_a king_n of_o poland_n and_o great_a duke_n of_o lithuania_n duke_n of_o russia_n prussia_n masovia_n samogitia_n kiovia_n volhynia_n podolia_n podlachia_n livonia_n smolensko_n severia_n and_o czernicovia_n do_v promise_n to_o almighty_a god_n and_o swear_v upon_o the_o holy_a evangelist_n that_o we_o will_v observe_v maintain_v and_o fulfil_v all_o the_o condition_n agree_v upon_o at_o our_o election_n between_o our_o ambassador_n and_o the_o senator_n and_o deputy_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o poland_n and_o the_o great_a duchy_n of_o lithuania_n which_o be_v confirm_v by_o the_o oath_n of_o our_o say_a ambassador_n and_o that_o we_o will_v moreover_o perform_v the_o same_o in_o all_o rigour_n vigour_n point_n article_n clause_n and_o condition_n therein_o contain_v all_o which_o we_o promise_v to_o ratify_v and_o confirm_v by_o oath_n on_o the_o day_n of_o our_o coronation_n election_n when_o the_o king_n have_v thus_o swear_v to_o observe_v the_o pacta_fw-la conventa_fw-la the_o chancellor_n present_v he_o with_o the_o decree_n of_o his_o election_n write_v in_o parchment_n and_o sign_v by_o all_o the_o senator_n and_o deputy_n the_o pole_n make_v use_v of_o these_o precaution_n in_o the_o election_n of_o their_o king_n by_o reason_n that_o if_o they_o at_o any_o time_n act_v contrary_a to_o what_o they_o have_v promise_v they_o may_v have_v a_o right_a to_o remonstrate_v to_o they_o and_o put_v they_o in_o mind_n of_o their_o duty_n it_o be_v observable_a that_o from_o the_o time_n of_o the_o king_n election_n to_o that_o of_o his_o coronation_n the_o great_a or_o petty_a marshal_n do_v not_o carry_v the_o staff_n erect_v before_o he_o that_o when_o he_o issue_v out_o any_o order_n or_o proclamation_n he_o assume_v only_o the_o character_n of_o king-elect_a and_o that_o nothing_o can_v then_o be_v seal_v but_o by_o the_o signet_n successor_n before_o i_o proceed_v to_o describe_v the_o coronation_n of_o a_o king_n of_o poland_n i_o may_v here_o reasonable_o insert_v something_o concern_v the_o election_n of_o a_o successor_n which_o though_o it_o be_v contrary_a to_o the_o law_n and_o constitution_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o repugnant_a to_o the_o privilege_n of_o a_o elective_a monarchy_n yet_o a_o father_n will_v have_v always_o that_o respect_n for_o his_o child_n that_o he_o will_v endeavour_v to_o get_v he_o to_o succeed_v he_o even_o while_o he_o live_v so_o sigismond_n ii_o be_v name_v king_n in_o the_o life-time_n of_o his_o father_n sigismond_n i._n but_o still_o on_o condition_n that_o he_o shall_v not_o meddle_v with_o the_o government_n so_o long_o as_o his_o father_n live_v but_o sigismond_n ii_o being_n dead_a the_o diet_n after_o have_v inspect_v the_o law_n of_o the_o realm_n decree_v that_o
it_o be_v practise_v in_o the_o last_o election_n with_o as_o much_o brevity_n and_o succinctness_n as_o possible_a and_o which_o be_v as_o follow_v swear_v after_o the_o king_n have_v thus_o be_v conduct_v into_o the_o church_n the_o ceremony_n forthwith_o begin_v first_o the_o archbishop_n in_o a_o short_a oration_n exhort_v the_o king_n to_o continue_v steadfast_a in_o the_o roman_a communion_n to_o exercise_v all_o regal_a and_o princely_a virtue_n and_o last_o to_o remunerate_v his_o obligation_n to_o the_o republic_n by_o a_o just_a and_o inviolable_a administration_n of_o the_o government_n after_o which_o the_o archbishop_n ask_v he_o to_o this_o effect_n in_o latin_a will_v you_o support_v and_o maintain_v the_o holy_a catholic_n faith_n and_o uphold_v it_o by_o good_a work_n to_o which_o the_o king_n answer_v i_o will_n then_o the_o archbishop_n ask_v he_o again_o will_v you_o protect_v and_o defend_v the_o church_n and_o their_o minister_n answer_n i_o will_n then_o the_o archbishop_n again_o will_v you_o govern_v and_o rule_v the_o kingdom_n commit_v by_o god_n to_o your_o charge_n according_a to_o equity_n and_o justice_n answer_n i_o will_n then_o the_o king-elect_a kneel_v and_o kiss_v the_o archbishops_n hand_n and_o lay_v his_o own_o upon_o the_o evangelist_n swear_v to_o perform_v all_o that_o he_o have_v before_o swear_v to_o observe_v at_o st._n john_n church_n at_o warsaw_n with_o some_o other_o particular_n that_o induce_v i_o to_o repeat_v the_o form_n which_o run_v thus_o oath_n we_o frederic_n augustus_n due_o elect_a king_n of_o poland_n great_a duke_n of_o lithuania_n and_o duke_n of_o russia_n prussia_n masovia_n samogitia_n kiovia_n volhynia_n podolia_n podlachia_n livonia_n smolensko_n severia_n and_o czernicovia_n by_o all_o the_o order_n of_o both_o state_n of_o poland_n and_o lithuania_n and_o by_o all_o the_o province_n incorporate_v and_o depend_v thereupon_o do_v sincere_o promise_v and_o swear_v before_o almighty_a god_n and_o upon_o the_o evangelist_n of_o jesus_n christ_n to_o maintain_v observe_v keep_v and_o fulfil_v in_o every_o of_o the_o circumstance_n particular_n and_o article_n all_o the_o right_n liberty_n immunity_n and_o privilege_n both_o public_a and_o private_a except_v such_o as_o be_v contrary_a to_o the_o common_a right_n and_o liberty_n of_o both_o these_o nation_n or_o to_o any_o law_n either_o ecclesiastical_a or_o civil_a that_o have_v be_v just_o and_o lawful_o establish_v by_o our_o predecessor_n the_o king_n of_o poland_n great_a duke_n of_o lithuania_n and_o duke_n etc._n etc._n or_o which_o have_v be_v grant_v by_o all_o the_o order_n during_o the_o interregnum_fw-la to_o the_o catholic_n church_n lord_n baron_n gentry_n citizens_z and_o inhabitans_fw-la of_o what_o rank_n or_o condition_n soever_o together_o with_o the_o pacta_fw-la conventa_fw-la agree_v upon_o between_o our_o ambassador_n and_o the_o order_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o poland_n and_o great_a duchy_n of_o lithuania_n we_o do_v moreover_o promise_v to_o maintain_v and_o acquiesce_v in_o whatever_o have_v be_v enact_v or_o establish_v in_o the_o diet_n of_o our_o election_n as_o we_o do_v likewise_o to_o what_o shall_v be_v agree_v upon_o in_o that_o of_o our_o coronation_n also_o that_o we_o will_v restore_v both_o to_o the_o kingdom_n and_o great_a duchy_n whatever_o have_v or_o shall_v be_v alien_v and_o dismember_a from_o their_o land_n or_o revenue_n moreover_o we_o promise_v not_o to_o lessen_v the_o bound_n of_o either_o the_o kingdom_n or_o great_a duchy_n but_o rather_o to_o defend_v and_o enlarge_v they_o we_o swear_v likewise_o to_o establish_v court_n of_o justice_n throughout_o the_o kingdom_n and_o great_a duchy_n and_o to_o see_v that_o justice_n be_v render_v every_o where_o without_o intermission_n or_o delay_n without_o any_o regard_n to_o or_o favour_n of_o person_n or_o thing_n and_o last_o we_o consent_v that_o if_o it_o shall_v happen_v which_o god_n forbid_v that_o we_o shall_v in_o any_o wise_a violate_v this_o our_o oath_n or_o any_o part_n thereof_o that_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o all_o our_o dominion_n shall_v be_v total_o discharge_v and_o exempt_a from_o pay_v we_o obedience_n and_o fidelity_n book_n this_o form_n or_o oath_n have_v be_v distinct_o repeat_v by_o the_o king_n after_o the_o chancellor_n and_o before_o the_o archbishop_n his_o majesty_n take_v the_o testament_n in_o his_o hand_n and_o kiss_v it_o use_v these_o word_n so_o may_v god_n help_v i_o and_o the_o content_n of_o this_o book_n inspire_v i_o as_o i_o perform_v inviolable_o this_o sacred_a oath_n ceremony_n after_o the_o king_n have_v be_v thus_o swear_v he_o rise_v and_o hear_v the_o pacta_fw-la conventa_fw-la read_v and_o confirm_v the_o oath_n which_o he_o have_v take_v concern_v they_o then_o he_o kneel_v again_o and_o receive_v the_o benediction_n of_o the_o archbishop_n and_o other_o bishop_n after_o which_o he_o rise_v and_o have_v the_o upper_a part_n of_o his_o clothes_n take_v off_o when_o the_o archbishop_n anoint_v his_o right_a hand_n and_o arm_n up_z to_z his_o elbow_z and_o shoulder_n with_o consecrate_a oil_n with_o these_o word_n i_o anoint_v thou_o king_n with_o consecrate_a oil_n in_o the_o name_n of_o the_o father_n son_n and_o holy_a ghost_n amen_o and_o then_o he_o have_v his_o clothes_n put_v on_o again_o afterward_o the_o two_o bishop_n lead_v he_o to_o a_o chapel_n on_o the_o left_a side_n of_o the_o church_n where_o they_o habit_n he_o anew_o somewhat_o like_o a_o bishop_n after_o which_o he_o have_v other_o ornament_n put_v on_o by_o the_o two_o marshal_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o great_a duchy_n and_o then_o he_o be_v convey_v by_o the_o senator-officer_n the_o standard-bearer_n of_o the_o kingdom_n walk_v before_o to_o the_o throne_n raise_v for_o he_o in_o the_o middle_a of_o the_o church_n whence_o after_o have_v hear_v mass_n he_o be_v bring_v back_o to_o the_o altar_n where_o the_o archbishop_n deliver_v a_o draw_a sword_n into_o his_o right_a hand_n with_o these_o word_n receive_v this_o sword_n and_o cordial_o protect_v and_o defend_v the_o holy_a church_n against_o all_o unbeliever_n then_o the_o king_n deliver_v the_o sword_n to_o the_o great_a swordbearer_n of_o the_o kingdom_n who_o have_v put_v it_o up_o in_o its_o scabbard_n return_v it_o to_o the_o archbishop_n who_o then_o gird_v it_o to_o the_o king_n side_n whereupon_o the_o king_n immediate_o rise_v and_o draw_v it_o again_o flourish_v it_o three_o time_n over_o his_o head_n to_o signify_v that_o he_o will_v defend_v the_o trinity_n and_o church_n against_o all_o unbeliever_n he_o this_o be_v do_v the_o king_n kneel_v again_o and_o the_o archbishop_n put_v the_o crown_n after_o a_o very_a solemn_a manner_n on_o his_o head_n which_o the_o two_o bishop_n bear_v up_o with_o their_o hand_n till_o the_o archbishop_n have_v say_v certain_a prayer_n after_o which_o the_o archbishop_n put_v the_o sceptre_n into_o the_o king_n right_a hand_n and_o the_o globe_n into_o his_o left_a when_o the_o king_n rise_v his_o sword_n be_v give_v again_o to_o the_o swordbearer_n of_o the_o kingdom_n to_o bear_v before_o he_o enthrone_v after_o this_o his_o majesty_n be_v bring_v back_o between_o the_o archbishop_n and_o the_o two_o bishop_n to_o the_o throne_n wherein_o he_o be_v forthwith_o place_v by_o the_o archbishop_n with_o these_o word_n sit_v and_o maintain_v the_o place_n give_v you_o by_o god_n etc._n etc._n the_o king_n be_v thus_o seat_v the_o archbishop_n and_o bishop_n return_v to_o the_o altar_n where_o they_o sing_v te_fw-la deum_fw-la which_o be_v end_v and_o the_o archbishop_n sit_v down_o by_o the_o altar_n the_o king_n come_v and_o offer_v he_o gold_n kiss_v his_o hand_n and_o have_v make_v his_o confession_n to_o he_o receive_v the_o sacrament_n and_o benediction_n from_o he_o king_n thus_o the_o ceremony_n be_v at_o a_o end_n the_o archbishop_n rises_z and_o give_v his_o benediction_n to_o all_o present_a when_o the_o court-marshal_n with_o a_o loud_a voice_n cry_v out_o vivat_fw-la rex_fw-la vivat_fw-la rex_fw-la which_o signal_n be_v take_v from_o he_o by_o the_o people_n all_o the_o church_n soon_o ring_v with_o the_o same_o joyful_a note_n after_o which_o the_o great_a treasurer_n scatter_v a_o great_a number_n of_o coronation-medal_n among_o the_o people_n and_o the_o gun_n begin_v to_o roar_v out_o their_o satisfaction_n in_o what_o have_v be_v do_v when_o the_o king_n forthwith_o return_v to_o his_o court_n with_o great_a pomp_n and_o magnificence_n thereupon_o the_o coronation_n be_v thus_o complete_v the_o rest_n of_o the_o day_n be_v spend_v in_o various_a kind_n of_o feast_n and_o rejoice_n among_o which_o there_o be_v one_o very_o particular_a in_o the_o king_n court_n where_o they_o roast_v three_o whole_a ox_n stuff_v and_o lard_v with_o divers_a kind_n of_n fatten_v wild_a beast_n when_o they_o also_o give_v a_o great_a many_o hogshead_n of_o wine_n and_o beer_n
any_o presumption_n i_o have_v to_o lay_v down_o any_o thing_n which_o may_v in_o the_o least_o contribute_v or_o add_v to_o the_o knowledge_n of_o a_o general_n officer_n of_o your_o experience_n my_o lord_n militia_n in_o the_o infancy_n of_o the_o polish_v empire_n the_o pole_n be_v rather_o force_v by_o a_o arbitrary_a power_n than_o command_v by_o indulgent_a law_n to_o defend_v their_o country_n and_o extend_v its_o limit_n but_o since_o christianity_n have_v be_v receive_v among_o they_o bolestaus_fw-la chrobry_n their_o first_o king_n ordain_v a_o certain_a number_n of_o horse_n out_o of_o every_o palatinate_n and_o district_n and_o a_o set_a company_n of_o foot_n out_o of_o every_o city_n and_o town_n to_o be_v ready_a at_o a_o short_a warning_n and_o to_o bring_v their_o provision_n and_o ammunition_n along_o with_o they_o this_o be_v what_o they_o call_v their_o pospolite_n ruszenie_v or_o the_o whole_a body_n of_o militia_n of_o the_o kingdom_n gather_v together_o under_o one_o head_n or_o general_n at_o a_o place_n and_o time_n appoint_v by_o the_o king_n and_o those_o of_o the_o senate_n that_o be_v always_o to_o attend_v he_o as_o his_o privy-council_n horse_n to_o this_o general_a expedition_n first_o all_o land_a gentry_n as_o well_o public_a as_o private_a a_o few_o only_o except_v which_o i_o shall_v name_v hereafter_o be_v oblige_v to_o come_v 2._o all_o gentry_n that_o live_v in_o city_n or_o town_n upon_o usury_n or_o otherwise_o 3._o all_o citizen_n that_o enjoy_v land_n or_o tenement_n these_o beside_o all_o in_o prussia_n be_v those_o of_o cracow_n vilna_n and_o leopol_n 4._o all_o tenant_n that_o have_v hire_v land_n be_v to_o go_v themselves_o or_o to_o send_v out_o other_o 5._o the_o king_n tenant_n 6._o ecclesiastical_a scultet_n or_o advocate_n 7._o in_o case_n of_o imminent_a danger_n all_o citizen_n in_o general_n be_v order_v either_o to_o send_v or_o go_v themselves_o 8._o even_o those_o gentry_n that_o be_v clap_v up_o in_o jail_n for_o heinous_a crime_n be_v to_o be_v let_v out_o to_o assist_v at_o the_o pospolite_n yet_o when_o that_o be_v once_o over_o they_o be_v to_o return_v to_o prison_n again_o to_o expiate_v the_o whole_a extent_n of_o their_o sentence_n both_o all_o these_o be_v to_o be_v horse_n well_o accoutre_v but_o as_o a_o army_n can_v be_v complete_a without_o some_o foot_n this_o pospolite_n also_o do_v consist_v former_o of_o the_o 20_o boor_n out_o of_o every_o village_n or_o rather_o farm_n who_o be_v to_o be_v arm_v with_o a_o scymitar_n long_a gun_n and_o pole-ax_n but_o which_o be_v often_o now_o change_v to_o a_o mulct_n to_o hire_v foreigner_n yet_o there_o be_v still_o some_o polish_v foot_n though_o of_o small_a esteem_n every_o citizen_n that_o be_v now_o worth_a 8000_o florence_o be_v to_o find_v a_o horse_n and_o he_o that_o have_v only_o 4000_o be_v to_o set_v out_o a_o foot-soldier_n well_o provide_v the_o boor_n also_o be_v to_o fit_v out_o one_o among_o 28_o family_n and_o to_o furnish_v he_o with_o provision_n sufficient_a for_o half_a a_o year_n the_o pole_n term_v both_o these_o wybrancy_n that_o be_v pick_v or_o select_v man_n so_o that_o wybraniecka_n piechota_n be_v a_o pick_v soldier_n if_o any_o of_o all_o these_o refuse_v to_o appear_v upon_o the_o three_o summons_n their_o land_n or_o good_n be_v immediate_o confiscate_v to_o the_o king_n use_n serve_v those_o gentry_n that_o be_v excuse_v from_o appear_v at_o the_o pospolite_n be_v 1._o such_o as_o may_v depute_v other_o in_o their_o room_n viz._n superannuated_a or_o sick_a person_n widow_n orphan_n minor_n and_o last_o the_o clergy_n for_o their_o temporality_n when_o any_o public_a or_o private_a nobleman_n be_v sick_a he_o must_v notisie_n and_o attest_v it_o by_o the_o oath_n of_o several_a sufficient_a witness_n also_o it_o must_v be_v observe_v that_o in_o lithuania_n a_o clergy_n man_n must_v send_v out_o both_o for_o his_o spiritual_a and_o temporal_a estate_n as_o likewise_o in_o poland_n where_o there_o be_v any_o temporal_a land_n annex_v to_o his_o benefice_n 2._o those_o that_o have_v estate_n in_o several_a palatinate_n or_o district_n be_v oblige_v but_o to_o appear_v for_o one_o 3._o the_o poor_a sort_n of_o gentry_n be_v ease_v in_o some_o measure_n for_o several_a of_o they_o may_v join_v in_o the_o fit_v out_o of_o one_o horse_n which_o be_v practise_v especial_o in_o masovia_n also_o brother_n that_o be_v joint-tenant_n may_v depute_v one_o to_o appear_v for_o all_o 4._o the_o king_n court_n and_o retinue_n be_v not_o oblige_v to_o muster_n under_o the_o palatine_n and_o where_o the_o king_n do_v not_o go_v into_o the_o field_n in_o person_n they_o be_v to_o be_v total_o excuse_v 5._o about_o 30_o of_o the_o gentry_n of_o the_o queen_n court_n be_v exempt_a 6._o about_o 12_o of_o the_o archbishop_n of_o gnesna_n court_n and_o oftentimes_o some_o officer_n of_o the_o bishop_n of_o cracow_n and_o other_o bishop_n court_n especial_o where_o their_o attendance_n be_v otherwise_o require_v by_o the_o republic_n 7._o all_o minister_n to_o foreign_a court_n together_o with_o their_o domestic_n be_v absolute_o to_o be_v dispense_v with_o 8._o all_o starosta_n that_o be_v leave_v in_o garrison_n and_o their_o tribune_n and_o last_o the_o great_a constable_n or_o governor_n of_o cracow_n castle_n with_o his_o deputy_n the_o burgraves_n and_o two_o captain_n of_o foot_n be_v to_o be_v excuse_v several_a province_n and_o palatinate_v likewise_o have_v peculiar_a privilege_n relate_v to_o this_o general_a meeting_n for_o in_o the_o palatinate_v of_o masovia_n and_o plockzko_n six_o brother_n although_o they_o have_v distinct_a estate_n send_v but_o one_o horseman_n in_o podlachia_n out_o of_o ten_o farm_n they_o send_v but_o one_o light-horse_n and_o out_o of_o twenty_o but_o one_o cuirassier_n the_o palatinate_v of_o kiovia_n and_o braclaw_n have_v likewise_o peculiar_a privilege_n in_o a_o general_a expedition_n the_o gentry_n of_o podolia_n be_v to_o continue_v in_o garrison_n at_o caminiec_n while_o the_o pole_n have_v that_o city_n in_o possession_n the_o prussian_n also_o need_v not_o march_v beyond_o the_o river_n vistula_n ossa_n and_o drebnicz_n and_o last_o lithuanian_n be_v not_o to_o go_v beyond_o the_o bound_n of_o their_o great_a duchy_n now_o as_o to_o the_o great_a number_n assemble_v at_o this_o pospolite_n basko_n a_o polish_v writer_n say_v that_o only_o in_o the_o palatinate_n of_o lenschet_fw-mi in_o the_o time_n of_o boleslaus_n chrobry_n 2000_o cuirassier_n and_o 4000_o light-horse_n be_v raise_v at_o one_o time_n starovolscius_fw-la say_v that_o uladislaus_n have_v 100000_o horse_n against_o the_o prussian_a knight_n over_z and_o above_o what_o he_o have_v leave_v to_o defend_v the_o province_n i_o may_v observe_v several_a other_o prodigious_a lustration_n out_o of_o the_o aforesaid_a author_n but_o for_o brevity_n sake_n i_o omit_v they_o only_o i_o may_v affirm_v with_o boterus_n in_o his_o 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amount_v to_o a_o considerable_a number_n and_o be_v not_o a_o little_a serviceable_a the_o foreign_a hire_a foot_n have_v sometime_o exceed_v 30000_o when_o the_o cosack_v serve_v the_o pole_n but_o they_o fight_v also_o on_o horseback_n and_o king_n stephen_n in_o his_o expedition_n against_o the_o suede_n in_o livonia_n have_v above_o 16000_o german_a and_o hungarian_a foot_n in_o his_o pay_n muster_v now_o i_o shall_v proceed_v to_o present_v your_o grace_n with_o a_o account_n of_o the_o manner_n of_o raise_v and_o muster_v this_o vast_a body_n of_o men._n when_o a_o pospolite_n be_v once_o agree_v by_o the_o general_n diet_n to_o be_v summon_v the_o king_n after_o the_o ancient_a manner_n send_v out_o his_o writ_n or_o letter_n into_o all_o the_o palatinate_v or_o district_v of_o his_o kingdom_n which_o be_v receive_v by_o the_o inferior_a officer_n they_o be_v fasten_v by_o a_o small_a cord_n to_o a_o long_a pole_n whence_o they_o be_v call_v
literae_fw-la restium_fw-la by_o some_o and_o by_o other_o wici_n signify_v in_o polish_v a_o staff_n and_o carry_v alo_v to_o every_o one_o of_o the_o chief_a nobleman_n of_o the_o district_n thrice_o in_o a_o month_n and_o proclaim_v as_o often_o in_o all_o city_n and_o to_n all_o court_n of_o justice_n cease_v at_o the_o three_o read_v of_o these_o letter_n unless_o it_o be_v those_o of_o the_o vice_n starosta_n who_o exercise_n their_o jurisdiction_n as_o before_o after_o the_o last_o read_v of_o these_o letter_n a_o place_n be_v appoint_v by_o several_a private_a assembly_n of_o the_o nobility_n in_o every_o district_n for_o particular_a muster_n and_o afterward_o for_o the_o general_n muster_v of_o every_o palatinate_n here_o the_o palatine_n and_o castellan_n take_v a_o exact_a account_n of_o the_o man_n horse_n arm_n etc._n etc._n neither_o of_o which_o can_v be_v change_v after_o that_o muster_n at_o the_o same_o time_n also_o the_o palatin_n divide_v the_o district_n among_o 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that_o the_o king_n will_v catch_v his_o death_n horse_n before_o i_o proceed_v any_o far_a i_o ought_v to_o give_v your_o grace_n a_o division_n of_o the_o polish_v army_n and_o therein_o observe_v that_o it_o be_v compose_v of_o different_a kind_n of_o soldier_n as_o first_o of_o the_o pospolite_n or_o militia_n 2._o of_o hire_a soldier_n 3._o of_o auxiliary_n 4._o of_o quartarian_a hireling_n and_o 5_o of_o volunteer_n and_o again_o it_o consist_v both_o of_o horse_n and_o foot_n and_o those_o native_n and_o foreigner_n the_o native_n be_v for_o the_o great_a part_n horse_n or_o cavalry_n and_o may_v be_v divide_v into_o four_o sort_n which_o may_v also_o be_v consider_v in_o two_o manner_n as_o first_o heavy-armed_a and_o second_o light-horse_n the_o former_a be_v 1._o the_o hussartz_n which_o with_o their_o horse_n be_v both_o in_o close_a armour_n and_o 2_o the_o tovarzysz_n which_o have_v only_o a_o breastplate_n helmet_n and_o gorget_n these_o be_v both_o choice_a man_n and_o the_o latter_a be_v so_o name_v from_o a_o word_n in_o polish_v which_o signify_v companion_n arm_v the_o first_o of_o these_o be_v arm_v with_o short_a lance_n sabres_fw-es and_o pistol_n and_o the_o second_o with_o carabine_n bow_n and_o arrow_n etc._n etc._n these_o short_a lance_n be_v call_v by_o the_o pole_n kopye_n whence_o also_o the_o body_n of_o man_n that_o use_v they_o be_v term_v kopiynick_n these_o kopiie_n be_v about_o 6_o foot_n long_o and_o tie_v to_o the_o horsmen_n wrist_n with_o string_n of_o silk_n when_o they_o come_v near_o their_o enemy_n they_o dart_v their_o lance_n with_o all_o their_o force_n against_o they_o and_o if_o they_o miss_v their_o body_n they_o sudden_o snatch_v back_o the_o lance_n by_o help_n of_o the_o silken_a string_n but_o where_o they_o have_v mortal_o wound_v any_o than_o they_o slip_v the_o silk_n and_o leave_v the_o lance_n in_o their_o body_n till_o such_o time_n as_o they_o can_v ride_v up_o to_o they_o to_o cut_v of_o their_o head_n with_o a_o broad_a well_o temper_v sabre_n which_o always_o hang_v by_o their_o saddle_n both_o the_o hussartz_n and_o tovarzysz_n with_o their_o horse_n look_v frightful_o be_v stick_v all_o over_o with_o wing_n of_o stork_n crane_n turkey-cock_n etc._n etc._n and_o clothe_v over_o their_o armour_n with_o skin_n of_o leopard_n tiger_n bear_n lion_n etc._n etc._n all_o which_o they_o do_v to_o make_v themselves_o the_o more_o terrible_a to_o their_o enemy_n these_o cavalry_n for_o the_o most_o part_n set_v themselves_o also_o off_o wilh_v various_a partycoloured_a mantle_n which_o oftentimes_o shine_v with_o jewel_n gold_n and_o silver_n of_o the_o hussartz_n there_o be_v but_o 5_o company_n in_o poland_n every_o company_n consist_v of_o about_o 300_o man_n all_o arm_a cap-a-pe_n they_o have_v but_o one_o lieutenant_n in_o each_o company_n which_o they_o call_v poruczknik_n and_o one_o korazy_a or_o trumpeter_n with_o a_o particular_a sort_n of_o trumpet_n which_o they_o call_v koronzy_n one_o of_o these_o the_o present_a king_n of_o france_n cause_v to_o be_v bring_v into_o his_o kingdom_n with_o design_n to_o have_v the_o like_v make_v but_o be_v extreme_o costly_a and_o not_o like_a to_o be_v of_o any_o great_a use_n among_o the_o cannon_n he_o lay_v his_o intention_n aside_o horse_n the_o light_a horse_n be_v also_o of_o two_o sort_n and_o be_v either_o with_o armour_n or_o without_o the_o first_o sort_n wear_v coat_n of_o mail_n and_o differ_v in_o name_n as_o they_o do_v in_o country_n the_o pole_n call_v they_o pancerznicy_n koragwy_n and_o the_o lithuanian_n petihorsky_n koragwy_n which_o last_o differ_v something_o in_o their_o dress_n from_o the_o former_a the_o number_n of_o these_o far_o exceed_v that_o either_o of_o the_o hussartz_n or_o tovarzysz_n they_o be_v both_o separate_a company_n and_o be_v incorporate_v into_o no_o regiment_n they_o be_v in_o all_o about_o 6_o or_o 7000_o
frederic_n augustus_n the_o present_a king_n of_o poland_n the_o history_n of_o poland_n in_o several_a letter_n to_o person_n of_o quality_n give_v a_o account_n of_o the_o present_a state_n of_o that_o kingdom_n viz._n historical_a political_n physical_a and_o ecclesiastical_a the_o form_n of_o government_n the_o king_n power_n court_n and_o revenue_n the_o senate_n senators_z and_o other_o officer_n the_o religion_n diet_n and_o little_a diet_n with_o other_o assembly_n and_o court_n of_o justice_n the_o inter-regnum_fw-la election_n and_o coronation_n of_o a_o king_n and_o queen_n with_o all_o the_o ceremony_n the_o present_a condition_n of_o the_o gentry_n and_o commonalty_n as_o likewise_o the_o genius_n character_n language_n custom_n manner_n military_a affair_n trade_n and_o riches_n of_o the_o pole_n together_o with_o a_o account_n of_o the_o city_n of_o dantzic_n the_o origin_n progress_n and_o present_a state_n of_o the_o teutonic_n order_n and_o the_o succession_n of_o all_o its_o great_a master_n likewise_o the_o present_a state_n of_o learning_n natural_a knowledge_n practice_n of_o physic_n and_o diseale_v in_o poland_n and_o last_o a_o succinct_a description_n of_o the_o duchy_n of_o curland_n and_o the_o livonian_a order_n with_o a_o series_n of_o the_o several_a duke_n and_o provincial_a master_n to_o this_o be_v also_o add_v a_o table_n for_o each_o volume_n and_o a_o sculpture_n of_o the_o diet_n in_o session_n with_o some_o memoirs_fw-fr from_o baron_fw-fr blomberg_n vol._n ii_o by_o bernard_n connor_n m._n d._n fellow_n of_o the_o royal_a society_n and_o member_n of_o the_o college_n of_o physician_n who_o in_o his_o travel_n in_o that_o country_n collect_v these_o memoir_n from_o the_o best_a author_n and_o his_o own_o observation_n compose_v and_o publish_a by_o â—ir_n savage_a london_n print_v for_o daâ—_n brown_a without_o templ-bar_n '_o and_o a._n roper_n and_o t._n leigh_n both_o in_o il_fw-fr et-street_n 1698._o d_o r._n connor_n '_o saint_n preface_n in_o my_o preface_n to_o the_o first_o volume_n of_o this_o historical_a relation_n of_o poland_n i_o have_v mention_v my_o incapacity_n for_o matter_n of_o this_o nature_n both_o because_o i_o be_v only_o twelve_o month_n in_o that_o kingdom_n and_o because_o i_o have_v no_o talon_n or_o genius_n for_o history_n i_o think_v write_v it_o by_o way_n of_o letter_n in_o imitation_n of_o some_o of_o our_o neighbour_n will_v be_v more_o easy_a to_o myself_o and_o more_o acceptable_a to_o the_o public_a i_o be_o proud_a to_o have_v this_o happy_a occasion_n of_o give_v the_o honourable_a person_n i_o write_v to_o so_o public_a a_o testimony_n of_o my_o respect_n i_o be_o sorry_a in_o the_o same_o time_n i_o can_v have_v leisure_n to_o honour_v myself_o in_o write_v to_o the_o noble_a person_n mention_v in_o the_o second_o volume_n as_o i_o have_v have_v in_o the_o first_o i_o follow_v a_o profession_n so_o remote_a from_o history_n particular_o a_o polish_v one_o that_o it_o neither_o allow_v i_o time_n nor_o leave_v i_o any_o inclination_n to_o attend_v any_o other_o business_n i_o hope_v notwithstanding_o the_o person_n i_o promise_v to_o write_v to_o will_v be_v please_v to_o excuse_v i_o for_o not_o be_v able_a to_o keep_v my_o word_n to_o they_o as_o i_o flatter_v myself_o i_o can_v since_o the_o ingenious_a gentleman_n i_o desire_v to_o undertake_v this_o work_n will_v give_v they_o the_o same_o satisfaction_n he_o have_v already_o assist_v i_o in_o my_o first_o volume_n and_o have_v have_v all_o my_o memoirs_fw-fr for_o this_o second_o the_o ancient_n and_o present_a state_n of_o poland_n part_n ii_o the_o present_a state_n letter_n i._n to_o his_o grace_n thomas_n lord_n archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n of_o the_o form_n of_o the_o government_n in_o poland_n and_o of_o the_o king_n power_n court_n and_o revenue_n my_o lord_n that_o high_a station_n wherewith_o the_o king_n have_v recompense_v your_o merit_n and_o the_o great_a trust_v his_o majesty_n have_v repose_v in_o your_o grace_n during_o his_o absence_n show_v his_o confidence_n in_o your_o ability_n as_o well_o to_o govern_v the_o state_n as_o the_o church_n since_o therefore_o be_v late_o invest_v with_o a_o share_n of_o the_o regal_a authority_n you_o have_v occasion_n to_o know_v more_o intimate_o our_o king_n power_n and_o prerogatives_n i_o think_v myself_o oblige_v to_o give_v your_o grace_n a_o account_n of_o those_o of_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n to_o the_o end_n that_o compare_v both_o together_o you_o may_v more_o sensible_o perceive_v the_o excellency_n of_o our_o own_o constitution_n which_o make_v the_o greatness_n of_o the_o king_n inseparable_a from_o the_o interest_n of_o the_o people_n for_o when_o the_o executive_a power_n be_v as_o vigilant_a to_o see_v our_o law_n obey_v as_o the_o legislative_a have_v be_v provident_a in_o make_v they_o england_n can_v just_o boast_v of_o a_o much_o great_a happiness_n than_o either_o poland_n or_o any_o other_o kingdom_n of_o europe_n 1698._o have_v my_o lord_n not_o be_v a_o full_a twelve_o month_n at_o the_o late_a king_n of_o poland_n court_n i_o can_v pretend_v to_o be_v thorough_o acquaint_v with_o that_o kingdom_n yet_o i_o find_v that_o like_o most_o other_o country_n it_o have_v undergo_v several_a change_n in_o its_o constitution_n since_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o vith_o century_n at_o which_o time_n it_o begin_v to_o be_v a_o distinct_a nation_n during_o the_o reign_n of_o the_o two_o great_a house_n of_o piastus_n and_o jagello_n poland_n ever_o since_o the_o time_n of_o lechus_n its_o founder_n the_o king_n thereof_o have_v be_v elect_v to_o the_o crown_n after_o a_o hereditary_a manner_n though_o not_o by_o a_o hereditary_a title_n they_o have_v real_o be_v absolute_a and_o their_o will_n go_v for_o a_o law_n for_o than_o they_o make_v peace_n and_o war_n when_o they_o please_v levy_v as_o many_o troop_n as_o they_o think_v fit_a punish_v or_o pardon_v at_o pleasure_n and_o reward_v where_o they_o see_v convenient_a and_o all_o the_o administration_n either_o of_o public_a or_o private_a affair_n be_v so_o whole_o lodge_v in_o the_o king_n hand_n that_o i_o have_v hear_v the_o pole_n themselves_o say_v that_o sigismond_n ii_o 1574._o the_o last_o king_n of_o the_o jagellonic_a family_n be_v to_o the_o full_a as_o absolute_a as_o either_o the_o king_n of_o france_n or_o denmark_n be_v now_o whilst_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n thus_o maintain_v thereby_o a_o supreme_a power_n over_o their_o subject_n they_o exceed_o enlarge_v their_o dominion_n be_v both_o fear_v abroad_o and_o belove_v at_o home_n command_v potent_a and_o numerous_a army_n into_o the_o field_n execute_v most_o erterprise_n speedy_o and_o be_v almost_o always_o sure_o of_o success_n and_o this_o because_o they_o do_v not_o then_o as_o now_o depend_v upon_o the_o linger_a determination_n and_o tedious_a conclusion_n of_o a_o turbulent_a diet._n but_o the_o family_n of_o jagello_n be_v once_o extinct_a by_o the_o death_n of_o sigismond_n ii_o who_o have_v resign_v his_o kingdom_n to_o the_o senate_n and_o polish_v gentry_n and_o give_v they_o full_a power_n and_o authority_n to_o dispose_v thereof_o as_o they_o think_v fit_a the_o crown_n of_o poland_n be_v anew_o declare_v elective_a to_o the_o end_n that_o all_o the_o prince_n of_o christendom_n who_o have_v due_a merit_n and_o qualification_n may_v have_v a_o right_a to_o aspire_v thereunto_o gentry_n this_o give_v occasion_n to_o most_o of_o the_o prince_n of_o europe_n ever_o since_o to_o court_v the_o polish_v nobility_n after_o their_o king_n death_n and_o that_o either_o to_o get_v the_o succeed_a election_n determine_v in_o their_o own_o favour_n or_o else_o to_o have_v some_o of_o their_o friend_n advance_v to_o that_o great_a dignity_n but_o this_o most_o common_o rather_o with_o regard_n to_o their_o own_o private_a interest_n than_o out_o of_o any_o respect_n to_o the_o person_n they_o desire_v to_o promote_v as_o the_o house_n of_o austria_n and_o bourbon_n have_v always_o practise_v thereupon_o the_o gentry_n of_o poland_n therefore_o observe_v that_o several_a prince_n at_o a_o time_n always_o aspire_v to_o their_o crown_n and_o consider_v that_o not_o one_o of_o they_o have_v more_o right_o than_o the_o rest_n as_o likewise_o that_o it_o lay_v altogether_o in_o their_o power_n to_o choose_v who_o they_o please_v resolve_v unanimous_o to_o elect_n none_o but_o such_o as_o shall_v condescend_v nay_o swear_v to_o observe_v the_o term_n and_o condition_n they_o propose_v prince_n hereby_o the_o pole_n by_o degree_n have_v clip_v and_o limit_v the_o ancient_a power_n of_o their_o king_n and_o have_v reduce_v they_o to_o the_o bound_n we_o now_o find_v they_o to_o have_v that_o be_v bare_o to_o a_o three_o part_n of_o the_o grand_a diet_n for_o the_o pole_n know_v very_o well_o that_o no_o prince_n will_v be_v so_o imprudent_a as_o to_o scruple_n submit_v to_o
of_o the_o cosack_n and_o the_o last_o trouble_n in_o bohemia_n to_o these_o also_o may_v be_v add_v the_o revolution_n of_o our_o own_o nation_n in_o the_o time_n of_o charles_n i._n when_o the_o fury_n of_o the_o people_n extend_v their_o rage_n even_o to_o the_o dip_v their_o hand_n in_o this_o prince_n blood_n politician_n do_v general_o own_v that_o the_o people_n be_v a_o wild_a beast_n which_o ought_v rather_o to_o be_v lead_v than_o leave_v at_o liberty_n and_o by_o consequence_n have_v pronounce_v it_o most_o perilous_a to_o acquiesce_v under_o their_o subjection_n a_o anarchy_n will_v undoubted_o do_v more_o harm_n in_o a_o day_n than_o a_o tyrant_n can_v in_o all_o his_o reign_n if_o he_o punish_v it_o be_v with_o some_o pretence_n of_o justice_n when_o nothing_o can_v abate_v the_o people_n rage_n but_o a_o utter_a extinction_n of_o whatever_o be_v place_v over_o their_o heâ—ds_n a_o mix_a government_n therefore_o make_v out_o of_o all_o these_o three_o be_v that_o which_o 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they_o tacit_o seem_v to_o call_v in_o question_n the_o power_n they_o have_v limit_v and_o often_o refuse_v that_o duty_n which_o they_o have_v deem_v he_o worthy_a of_o by_o his_o election_n unhappiness_n the_o polish_v nobility_n make_v no_o difference_n between_o their_o king_n be_v right_a and_o those_o of_o the_o senate_n and_o deputy_n affirm_v that_o since_o these_o three_o member_n compose_v but_o one_o body_n they_o ought_v equal_o to_o share_v in_o the_o same_o benefit_n and_o injury_n and_o consequent_o ought_v all_o either_o to_o reward_v the_o one_o or_o revenge_v the_o other_o state_n the_o small_a authority_n therefore_o of_o their_o king_n and_o the_o impossibility_n of_o their_o act_n by_o themselves_o have_v at_o all_o time_n expose_v poland_n to_o the_o insult_v of_o their_o neighbour_n and_o the_o rage_n of_o their_o own_o people_n as_o may_v be_v see_v in_o the_o civil_a war_n of_o the_o cosack_n and_o the_o treachery_n and_o sedition_n of_o the_o confederate_n 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vladislaus_n vii_o to_o moscovy_n to_o omit_v divers_a other_o of_o a_o more_o ancient_a date_n this_o respect_n of_o their_o oblige_v they_o frequent_o to_o come_v and_o spend_v their_o estate_n at_o court_n think_v to_o augment_v their_o prince_n grandeur_n by_o their_o prodigality_n and_o magnificence_n this_o appear_v by_o the_o mistake_v make_v by_o gregory_n king_n of_o bohemia_n at_o the_o interview_n between_o he_o and_o casimir_n the_o great_a at_o glogan_n which_o place_v the_o former_a have_v demand_v to_o bound_v the_o limit_n of_o silesia_n when_o he_o salute_v a_o private_a gentleman_n splendid_o clothe_v for_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n power_n the_o custom_n and_o inclination_n of_o the_o pole_n run_v so_o strong_a towards_o honour_v their_o prince_n that_o all_o they_o have_v or_o be_v able_a to_o do_v even_o to_o the_o destruction_n of_o their_o life_n and_o fortune_n they_o be_v willing_a to_o lavish_a in_o his_o service_n without_o expect_v any_o great_a recompense_n than_o the_o glory_n of_o wait_v on_o his_o majesty_n person_n insomuch_o that_o a_o king_n of_o poland_n who_o be_v courageous_a and_o prudent_a just_a and_o sober_a liberal_a and_o religious_a one_o that_o observe_v the_o law_n and_o constitution_n of_o his_o kingdom_n and_o in_o a_o word_n who_o have_v no_o other_o interest_n but_o the_o common_a good_a and_o safety_n of_o his_o subject_n be_v as_o much_o respect_a and_o honour_a and_o as_o faithful_o obey_v both_o in_o time_n of_o peace_n and_o war_n nay_o as_o formidable_a to_o all_o his_o enemy_n as_o most_o prince_n in_o europe_n as_o to_o what_o relate_v to_o war_n no_o monarch_n have_v great_a advantage_n than_o himself_o for_o he_o be_v neither_o at_o the_o trouble_n of_o raise_v force_n nor_o expense_n in_o maintain_v they_o his_o business_n be_v only_o to_o convene_v the_o diet_n and_o they_o do_v all_o these_o thing_n to_o his_o hand_n after_o war_n be_v once_o declare_v he_o can_v continue_v the_o
primate_n of_o the_o kingdom_n a_o title_n give_v he_o by_o the_o council_n of_o constance_n and_o moreover_o style_v himself_o the_o pope_n legate_n bear_v by_o a_o grant_n of_o the_o council_n of_o lateran_n all_o ecclesiastical_a affair_n that_o have_v be_v determine_v in_o the_o archbishop_n of_o leopol_n or_o any_o of_o the_o other_o bishop_n court_n may_v be_v reverse_v or_o confirm_v in_o a_o appeal_n to_o he_o his_o power_n and_o authority_n be_v exceed_o great_a and_o even_o next_o to_o the_o king_n be_v it_o be_v death_n to_o draw_v a_o sword_n in_o his_o presence_n or_o to_o quarrel_v in_o any_o manner_n whatsoever_o before_o he_o when_o he_o go_v to_o the_o king_n or_o the_o diet_n there_o be_v always_o a_o golden_a cross_n carry_v before_o he_o and_o when_o he_o sit_v his_o chaplain_n hold_v it_o behind_o his_o chair_n he_o have_v his_o marshal_n who_o be_v a_o castellan_n and_o senator_n of_o the_o kingdom_n this_o person_n on_o horseback_n carry_v a_o staff_n before_o his_o coach_n but_o salute_v none_o with_o it_o except_o the_o king_n when_o the_o archbishop_n and_o he_o happen_v to_o meet_v this_o marshal_n have_v likewise_o the_o honour_n to_o carry_v the_o like_a staff_n before_o the_o king_n where_o the_o other_o marshal_n be_v absent_a when_o the_o archbishop_n come_v to_o wait_v on_o the_o king_n the_o great_a chamberlain_n or_o some_o other_o great_a officer_n always_o receive_v he_o at_o the_o stair-foot_n and_o the_o king_n afterward_o come_v out_o of_o his_o chamber_n to_o meet_v he_o in_o the_o antichamber_n he_o never_o pay_v any_o visit_n out_o of_o duty_n but_o to_o the_o pope_n nuncio_n and_o to_o he_o only_o but_o once_o he_o visit_v no_o king_n ambassador_n though_o they_o visit_v he_o first_o rex_fw-la after_o the_o king_n death_n he_o be_v the_o supreme_a regent_n of_o the_o kingdom_n till_o a_o new_a one_o be_v choose_v during_o which_o time_n he_o may_v coin_v money_n in_o his_o own_o name_n a_o privilege_n grant_v he_o by_o boleslaus_n the_o chaste_a but_o which_o nevertheless_o have_v not_o be_v practise_v no_o money_n have_v ever_o be_v see_v of_o his_o coin_n the_o revenue_n also_o of_o the_o crown_n belong_v to_o he_o in_o the_o inter-regnum_n he_o convoke_v the_o diet_n and_o dissolve_v it_o at_o pleasure_n and_o in_o case_n there_o happen_v any_o thing_n extraordinary_a the_o government_n assign_v he_o several_a senator_n for_o his_o assistant_n in_o short_a he_o be_v tantum_n non_fw-la rex_fw-la he_o only_o can_v proclaim_v the_o king_n when_o elect_v and_o crown_v he_o afterward_o except_o where_o he_o die_v as_o in_o the_o follow_a case_n which_o be_v so_o very_o considerable_a that_o he_o be_v look_v upon_o by_o the_o ambassador_n and_o envoy_n of_o the_o candidate_n as_o the_o only_a person_n upon_o who_o the_o success_n of_o their_o negotiation_n depend_v and_o therefore_o all_o of_o they_o do_v their_o utmost_a to_o make_v he_o their_o friend_n hereupon_o i_o must_v acquaint_v your_o grace_n with_o a_o passage_n in_o the_o election_n of_o the_o late_a king_n of_o poland_n john_n iii_o in_o the_o year_n 1674._o when_o one_o czartoreski_n be_v archbishop_n of_o gnesna_n who_o be_v entire_o in_o the_o austrian_a interest_n and_o a_o great_a friend_n to_o the_o chancellor_n patz_n and_o by_o consequence_n both_o a_o enemy_n to_o the_o french_a and_o john_n sobieski_n party_n can_v by_o no_o mean_n be_v bring_v to_o proclaim_v he_o but_o as_o it_o happen_v he_o die_v three_o day_n before_o the_o election_n and_o that_o power_n devolve_v to_o trzebicki_n bishop_n of_o cracow_n who_o be_v altogether_o for_o the_o grand_a marshal_n forthwith_o proclaim_v he_o with_o joy_n much_o the_o reason_n why_o the_o republic_n entrust_v this_o great_a authority_n to_o a_o clergyman_n be_v for_o fear_n that_o if_o it_o be_v bestow_v on_o a_o secular_a senator_n he_o may_v make_v use_n of_o it_o to_o advance_v himself_o to_o the_o throne_n see_n this_o archbishops_n see_v be_v at_o lowitz_n a_o city_n in_o the_o palatinate_n of_o rava_n in_o low_a poland_n he_o be_v bear_v a_o canon_n of_o the_o church_n of_o plosko_fw-mi the_o second_o ecclesiastical_a senator_n be_v the_o archbishop_n of_o leopol_n the_o capital_a city_n of_o red-russia_n so_o name_v from_o a_o sovereign_a duke_n of_o that_o province_n call_v leo_n who_o be_v subdue_v by_o a_o castellan_n of_o cracow_n in_o the_o year_n 1279_o and_o under_o the_o reign_n of_o lescus_n vi._n leopol_n this_o city_n be_v the_o seat_n of_o three_o bishop_n viz._n the_o roman-catholick_n archbishop_n the_o armenian-catholick_n archbishop_n and_o a_o russian_a greek_a schismatic_a bishop_n these_o two_o archbishop_n have_v the_o same_o belief_n and_o religion_n only_o the_o armenian_a have_v some_o particular_a ceremony_n wherein_o they_o differ_v and_o the_o woman_n be_v separate_v from_o the_o man_n in_o the_o church_n persuasion_n the_o russian_a or_o greek-schismatic_a bishop_n can_v marry_v because_o they_o must_v of_o 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agree_v with_o the_o roman_a church_n their_o ceremony_n and_o ornament_n differ_v from_o the_o roman_a and_o armenian_a they_o pray_v stand_v though_o they_o make_v frequent_a genuflexion_n they_o receive_v the_o communion_n in_o both_o kind_n after_o this_o manner_n the_o priest_n consecrate_v several_a little_a piece_n of_o bread_n make_v with_o leaven_n after_o which_o he_o receive_v himself_o and_o then_o break_v the_o bread_n in_o divers_a little_a piece_n which_o do_v he_o put_v they_o into_o the_o chalice_n with_o the_o consecrate_a wine_n and_o then_o with_o a_o little_a silver_n spoon_n make_v for_o that_o purpose_n he_o communicate_v to_o the_o people_n who_o all_o stand_v with_o their_o arm_n across_o upon_o their_o breast_n when_o they_o receive_v this_o do_v the_o communicant_n follow_v the_o priest_n thrice_o about_o the_o altar_n with_o fold_a arm_n who_o all_o the_o while_n advise_v and_o charge_v they_o to_o make_v good_a cheer_n for_o seven_o day_n together_o and_o 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jurisdiction_n of_o poland_n be_v whole_o in_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o king_n or_o his_o general_n although_o the_o palatine_n and_o castellan_n who_o general_o accompany_v his_o majesty_n to_o the_o war_n retain_v their_o authority_n over_o their_o respective_a inferior_n but_o where_o those_o be_v refractory_a a_o court-marshal_n adju_v the_o debate_n law_n as_o for_o the_o law_n of_o poland_n it_o be_v on_o all_o hand_n agree_v that_o it_o have_v none_o till_o the_o time_n of_o casimir_n the_o great_a and_o then_o but_o very_o few_o make_v by_o he_o although_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o the_o pole_n hadlong_o before_o be_v christian_n and_o be_v well_o enough_o verse_v in_o the_o human-learning_n yet_o be_v there_o never_o any_o law_n or_o statute_n of_o any_o prince_n commit_v to_o write_v but_o that_o people_n be_v content_v to_o be_v govern_v by_o the_o custom_n and_o manner_n of_o their_o ancestor_n hand_v down_o to_o they_o from_o father_n to_o son_n casimir_n iii_o therefore_o 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and_o sometime_o by_o imprisonment_n only_o servant_n master_n also_o have_v a_o power_n of_o chastise_v their_o servant_n which_o they_o do_v after_o this_o manner_n if_o the_o servant_n they_o be_v about_o to_o punish_v be_v a_o polish_v gentleman_n than_o they_o make_v he_o lie_v down_o on_o his_o belly_n on_o a_o carpet_n spread_v on_o the_o ground_n or_o upon_o a_o stool_n when_o another_o gentleman-servant_n lay_v he_o on_o unmerciful_o on_o the_o back_n with_o a_o rope_n or_o stick_n give_v he_o as_o many_o blow_v and_o lash_n as_o the_o master_n who_o be_v then_o present_a order_n after_o which_o he_o that_o be_v beat_v embrace_n the_o knee_n of_o he_o that_o have_v command_v he_o to_o be_v beat_v and_o salute_v he_o with_o the_o good-natured_a title_n of_o benefactor_n this_o discipline_n seem_v a_o little_a too_o severe_a but_o however_o the_o temper_n of_o these_o people_n make_v it_o necessary_a the_o peasant-servant_n be_v punish_v after_o the_o same_o manner_n only_o with_o this_o difference_n that_o they_o have_v no_o carpet_n spread_v under_o they_o some_o of_o the_o former_a sort_n think_v it_o a_o honour_n to_o be_v so_o lash_v which_o honour_n they_o always_o receive_v liberal_o as_o often_o as_o they_o deserve_v it_o beat_v this_o custom_n of_o the_o pole_n in_o punish_v their_o gentlemen-servant_n so_o rigid_o ought_v not_o much_o to_o be_v wonder_v at_o if_o it_o be_v consider_v that_o they_o may_v serve_v in_o the_o mean_a office_n without_o derogate_a from_o the_o nobility_n of_o their_o birth_n or_o incapacitate_v themselves_o for_o the_o high_a preferment_n for_o say_v hauteville_n i_o have_v know_v some_o who_o from_o be_v footboy_n to_o great_a lord_n and_o drummer_n in_o a_o company_n of_o dragoon_n have_v be_v advance_v to_o the_o dignity_n of_o senator_n also_o in_o general_n nothing_o debase_v nobility_n in_o this_o country_n but_o a_o handicraft_n or_o mechanic_n employment_n this_o sir_n be_v all_o that_o i_o can_v meet_v with_o by_o various_a read_n relate_v to_o the_o legislative_a and_o executive_a justice_n in_o poland_n and_o which_o though_o not_o capable_a to_o pass_v your_o censure_n with_o the_o name_n of_o a_o regular_a composition_n i_o hope_v may_v obtain_v effect_n of_o your_o candour_n under_o the_o regret_v title_n of_o a_o hasty_a compilation_n i_o be_o sir_n with_o all_o humility_n your_o most_o obedient_a servant_n j._n s._n letter_n iu._n to_o the_o right_n honourable_a john_n earl_n of_o marlborough_n governor_n to_o his_o highness_n the_o duke_n of_o gloucester_n of_o the_o election_n and_o coronation_n of_o a_o king_n of_o poland_n with_o the_o proceed_n in_o the_o inter-regnum_fw-la and_o all_o other_o ceremony_n as_o likewise_o a_o short_a account_n of_o the_o coronation_n of_o the_o queen_n my_o lord_n to_o who_o can_v this_o letter_n which_o treat_v of_o the_o election_n of_o a_o king_n more_o proper_o address_v itself_o than_o to_o your_o lordship_n who_o have_v late_o be_v pitch_v upon_o by_o the_o wise_a of_o monarch_n to_o be_v governor_n to_o the_o presumptive_a heir_n of_o his_o crown_n no_o doubt_v his_o majesty_n see_v those_o unite_a qualification_n in_o you_o which_o be_v but_o to_o be_v single_o meet_v with_o in_o all_o other_o and_o which_o moreover_o can_v not_o but_o be_v require_v to_o copy_v a_o successor_n from_o so_o great_a a_o original_a as_o himself_o these_o consideration_n my_o lord_n have_v embolden_v i_o to_o present_v your_o lordship_n with_o this_o imperfect_a account_n but_o which_o i_o hope_v in_o regard_n it_o have_v be_v extract_v from_o so_o many_o volume_n may_v favourable_o pass_v your_o discern_a censure_n though_o it_o must_v not_o in_o the_o least_o pretend_v to_o deserve_v your_o approbation_n my_o lord_n way_n the_o crown_n of_o poland_n may_v be_v vacant_a four_o way_n for_o either_o the_o king_n abdicate_v voluntary_o and_o public_o like_o john_n casimir_n be_v depose_v for_o his_o vice_n as_o locticus_n be_v run_v out_o of_o the_o kingdom_n as_o henry_n iii_o of_o france_n do_v or_o die_v which_o be_v the_o ordinary_a cause_n of_o a_o inter-regnum_fw-la summon_v when_o the_o crown_n be_v once_o become_v vacant_a the_o archbishop_n of_o gnesna_n be_v the_o first_o senator_n of_o the_o kingdom_n be_v the_o prime_a minister_n and_o have_v the_o same_o authority_n as_o the_o king_n have_v most_o of_o the_o crown_n revenue_n be_v invest_v likewise_o in_o he_o during_o the_o interregnum_fw-la after_o the_o king_n death_n he_o issue_v out_o circular_a letter_n to_o all_o the_o province_n to_o acquaint_v they_o therewith_o and_o to_o command_v their_o several_a officer_n to_o make_v publication_n of_o the_o inter-regnum_fw-la as_o likewise_o to_o summon_v a_o general_a convocation_n of_o the_o gentry_n to_o meet_v at_o warsaw_n at_o a_o time_n prefix_v session_n before_o this_o general_a meeting_n they_o meet_v at_o the_o little_a diet_n where_o care_n be_v take_v to_o secure_v the_o road_n from_o thief_n and_o to_o set_v strong_a guard_n every_o where_o on_o the_o frontier_n to_o oppose_v a_o invade_a enemy_n next_o spy_n be_v send_v into_o all_o neighbour_a kingdom_n to_o have_v intelligence_n of_o what_o they_o design_n or_o do_v then_o all_o person_n be_v prohibit_v either_o to_o go_v out_o or_o come_v into_o the_o kingdom_n during_o the_o interregnum_fw-la as_o likewise_o to_o carry_v any_o horse_n out_o of_o it_o all_o foreign_a letter_n direct_v to_o any_o member_n of_o the_o senate_n be_v intercept_v all_o the_o highway_n be_v block_v up_o with_o tree_n fell_v down_o and_o ambuscadoe_n be_v place_v about_o they_o none_o of_o the_o senate_n nor_o no_o foreigner_n be_v permit_v to_o write_v to_o the_o army_n all_o the_o gentry_n be_v command_v to_o have_v every_o thing_n in_o readiness_n for_o public_a defence_n the_o common_a use_n of_o gun_n be_v forbid_v tavern_n be_v shut_v up_o and_o concert_n of_o music_n silence_v
there_o shall_v be_v no_o successor_n name_v for_o the_o future_a while_o the_o predecessor_n survive_v this_o constitution_n stephen_n bateri_n will_v have_v invade_v but_o the_o republic_n oppose_v he_o so_o vigorous_o that_o he_o be_v force_v to_o let_v fall_v his_o design_n it_o all_o christian_a prince_n have_v a_o feasible_a right_n to_o the_o crown_n of_o poland_n it_o be_v the_o interest_n of_o each_o of_o they_o to_o oppose_v the_o election_n of_o a_o successor_n since_o they_o will_v thereby_o absolute_o be_v exclude_v from_o it_o this_o occasion_v the_o present_a emperor_n leopold_n to_o send_v francis_n de_fw-fr lisola_n to_o the_o diet_n hold_v at_o warsaw_n in_o the_o year_n 1661._o where_o john_n casimir_n have_v a_o mind_n to_o propose_v a_o prince_n to_o succeed_v he_o wherefore_o in_o conjunction_n with_o john_n owerbeck_n envoy_n to_o the_o elector_n of_o brandenbourg_n lisola_n raise_v faction_n in_o the_o diet_n which_o be_v second_v by_o marshal_n lubomirski_n insomuch_o that_o they_o quick_o overthrow_v king_n casimir_n design_n and_o cause_v the_o diet_n to_o confirm_v the_o former_a constitution_n against_o elect_v of_o a_o successor_n several_a of_o the_o lithuanian_a gentry_n have_v the_o same_o intention_n with_o john_n casimir_n but_o however_o with_o these_o follow_a precaution_n first_o that_o such_o a_o successor_n shall_v be_v elect_v a_o new_a after_o the_o king_n death_n second_o that_o he_o shall_v be_v a_o roman_n catholic_n three_o that_o he_o shall_v not_o be_v a_o piasto_n or_o native_a four_o that_o he_o shall_v neither_o be_v a_o emperor_n king_n nor_o sovereign_a prince_n of_o another_o country_n five_o that_o he_o shall_v not_o be_v any_o neighbour_n of_o poland_n six_o that_o he_o shall_v neither_o be_v too_o young_a nor_o too_o old_a and_o seven_o that_o he_o shall_v not_o be_v marry_v election_n no_o doubt_n the_o design_n of_o king_n casimir_n and_o of_o all_o those_o that_o be_v for_o the_o election_n of_o a_o successor_n be_v good_a for_o they_o have_v thereby_o a_o mind_n to_o secure_v the_o government_n from_o those_o division_n and_o intestine_a jar_n which_o common_o happen_v in_o interregnum_n but_o those_o who_o oppose_v they_o affirm_v that_o the_o election_n of_o a_o successor_n will_v undoubted_o soon_o introduce_v a_o hereditary_a monarchy_n and_o be_v the_o ruin_n of_o their_o liberty_n and_o privilege_n whatever_o care_n they_o can_v take_v to_o prevent_v it_o that_o it_o will_v be_v likewise_o against_o the_o constitution_n of_o the_o realm_n to_o elect_a a_o soccessor_n in_o the_o king_n life_n time_n and_o that_o if_o the_o republic_n consent_v to_o it_o they_o will_v be_v no_o long_o at_o liberty_n to_o oppose_v it_o that_o it_o will_v moreover_o be_v a_o injury_n do_v to_o several_a prince_n who_o all_o have_v a_o kind_n of_o right_n to_o the_o kingdom_n of_o poland_n which_o will_v therefore_o infallible_o embroil_v it_o in_o new_a trouble_n when_o it_o be_v the_o interest_n of_o that_o crown_n to_o be_v at_o peace_n with_o all_o the_o world_n these_o be_v the_o several_a reason_n offer_v by_o the_o two_o party_n the_o last_o whereof_o as_o i_o say_v before_o get_v the_o better_a crown_v till_o a_o king_n of_o poland_n be_v crown_v he_o have_v real_o no_o 331._o regal_a authority_n for_o he_o can_v bestow_v no_o benefice_n give_v no_o office_n nor_o pardon_v any_o offence_n neither_o can_v he_o make_v use_n of_o the_o great_a seal_n of_o the_o chancery_n nor_o set_v the_o court_n of_o justice_n a_o go_v which_o be_v always_o silence_v during_o a_o interregnum_fw-la till_o he_o have_v take_v his_o coronation_n oath_n coronation_n it_o belong_v to_o the_o king-elect_a to_o appoint_v a_o day_n for_o his_o coronation_n which_o former_o be_v wont_a to_o be_v at_o 185._o gnesna_n till_o the_o coronation_n of_o vladislaus_n locticus_n be_v solemnize_v at_o cracow_n in_o the_o year_n 1320._o where_o it_o be_v fix_v by_o the_o constitution_n of_o the_o kingdom_n nevertheless_o vladislaus_n vii_o will_v needs_o crown_v his_o queen_n caecilia_n renata_n at_o warsaw_n but_o which_o be_v not_o perform_v without_o excessive_a murmur_n of_o the_o gentry_n ceremony_n the_o day_n of_o coronation_n be_v arrive_v the_o king_n make_v his_o solemn_a entry_n into_o cracow_n with_o great_a pomp_n and_o acclamation_n the_o scabin_n of_o the_o city_n carry_v the_o day_n over_o he_o precede_v by_o all_o the_o horse_n and_o foot-guard_n with_o their_o officer_n immediate_o after_o the_o king_n follow_v the_o bishop_n palatine_n and_o foreign_a ambassador_n on_o horseback_n just_o before_o the_o king_n ride_v a_o officer_n who_o throw_v some_o coronation_n medal_n among_o the_o people_n but_o which_o seldom_o amount_v to_o any_o great_a sum._n thus_o attend_v his_o majesty_n be_v conduct_v through_o the_o city_n to_o the_o castle_n have_v first_o receive_v the_o key_n of_o the_o city_n from_o the_o magistrate_n in_o the_o first_o gate_n thereof_o and_o pass_v under_o several_a triumphal_a arch_n with_o motto_n of_o various_a invention_n at_o the_o castle-gate_n he_o have_v the_o key_n of_o that_o important_a place_n also_o present_v he_o with_o a_o solemn_a harangue_n by_o the_o starosta_n of_o cracow_n the_o rest_n of_o the_o day_n be_v spend_v in_o banquet_v and_o feast_n procession_n 525._o the_o day_n follow_v be_v that_o which_o precede_v the_o coronation_n the_o obsequy_n of_o the_o decease_a king_n be_v to_o be_v celebrate_v when_o they_o carry_v his_o body_n to_o schalka_n to_o the_o church_n of_o st._n stanislaus_n 336._o the_o order_n of_o procession_n be_v this_o first_o the_o new_a king_n march_v on_o foot_n then_o follow_v all_o the_o officer_n of_o the_o crown_n and_o great_a duchy_n together_o with_o the_o deputy_n the_o ensign_n with_o the_o standard_n of_o every_o palatinate_n and_o last_o the_o crown_n sceptre_n globe_n sword_n and_o other_o regalia_z be_v carry_v before_o the_o corpse_n point_v towards_o the_o ground_n after_o these_o come_v a_o great_a number_n of_o other_o gentry_n and_o next_o after_o they_o march_v the_o several_a company_n of_o trade_n barefooted_a belong_v both_o to_o the_o city_n and_o court_n each_o have_v a_o empty_a coffin_n and_o pall_n bear_v before_o they_o on_o the_o shoulder_n of_o two_o men._n it_o be_v to_o be_v observe_v that_o all_o that_o assist_v at_o this_o procession_n must_v be_v in_o mourn_v interment_n at_o the_o place_n of_o interment_n the_o marshal_n break_v their_o staff_n against_o the_o king_n tomb_n and_o all_o the_o other_o officer_n be_v discharge_v of_o their_o authority_n several_a way_n after_o which_o the_o body_n be_v inter_v in_o the_o cathedral_n church_n among_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n who_o for_o the_o most_o part_n lie_v all_o bury_v there_o i_o shall_v have_v remember_v that_o the_o myter_v clergy_n general_o march_v about_o the_o corpse_n perform_v the_o day_n after_o the_o funeral_n be_v assign_v for_o the_o coronation_n the_o ceremony_n whereof_o be_v to_o be_v perform_v by_o the_o archbishop_n of_o gnesna_n as_o primate_n of_o the_o kingdom_n although_o that_o office_n be_v once_o 63._o dispute_v with_o he_o by_o sâ—igneius_n olesnicius_n as_o be_v both_o bishop_n of_o cracow_n and_o cardinal_n at_o the_o same_o time_n yet_o nevertheless_o casimir_n iv._o decide_v that_o difference_n in_o favour_n of_o the_o archbishop_n and_o which_o be_v afterward_o confirm_v by_o alexander_n 95._o notwithstanding_o if_o the_o primate_n be_v either_o dead_a or_o refractory_a that_o right_o devolve_v to_o the_o bishop_n of_o cracow_n and_o upon_o his_o obstinacy_n absence_n or_o death_n to_o the_o bishop_n of_o cujavia_n the_o two_o bishop_n that_o assist_v at_o the_o coronation_n be_v the_o bishop_n of_o cracow_n and_o cujavia_n coronation_n the_o ceremony_n of_o the_o procession_n when_o the_o king_n go_v to_o be_v crown_v be_v order_v by_o the_o master_n of_o the_o ceremony_n but_o before_o his_o majesty_n stir_v out_o he_o be_v habit_v after_o a_o very_a splendid_a manner_n by_o the_o great_a marshal_n of_o the_o kingdom_n the_o king_n be_v conduct_v from_o the_o castle_n to_o the_o cathedral_n by_o the_o senator_n foreign_a ambassador_n and_o a_o great_a number_n of_o the_o gentry_n coronation_n before_o he_o enter_v the_o church_n the_o great_a master_n of_o the_o horse_n bring_v the_o crown_n sceptre_n and_o naked_a sword_n to_o the_o archbishop_n who_o place_v they_o all_o upon_o the_o altar_n after_o which_o the_o bishop_n of_o cracow_n and_o cujavia_n have_v receive_v the_o king_n they_o hold_v he_o under_o each_o arm_n and_o present_v he_o to_o the_o archbishop_n to_o who_o he_o make_v a_o bow_n coronation_n i_o imagine_v a_o more_o particular_a account_n of_o this_o ceremony_n may_v neither_o be_v unacceptable_a to_o your_o lordship_n nor_o the_o public_a and_o therefore_o i_o shall_v for_o the_o future_a describe_v all_o the_o most_o remarkable_a circumstance_n thereof_o as_o
the_o diet_n be_v to_o march_v against_o they_o so_o the_o turk_n once_o come_n towards_o poland_n with_o 600000_o man_n the_o king_n do_v not_o care_n to_o trust_v even_o to_o 70000_o hire_a foreigner_n but_o convoke_v the_o gentry_n together_o at_o leopol_n with_o who_o if_o he_o have_v set_v forward_o as_o speedy_o as_o he_o be_v advise_v he_o may_v have_v total_o extirpate_v the_o infidel_n for_o aught_o i_o know_v out_o of_o europe_n the_o gentry_n be_v oblige_v to_o be_v in_o arm_n as_o long_o as_o the_o king_n or_o state_n have_v occasion_n for_o they_o they_o all_o serve_v on_o horseback_n not_o only_o for_o honour_n sake_n but_o likewise_o that_o they_o may_v the_o more_o speedy_o intercept_v and_o oppose_v the_o enemy_n before_o they_o reach_v their_o frontier_n when_o the_o war_n be_v over_o the_o nobility_n be_v not_o ipso_fw-la facto_fw-la discharged_n but_o must_v wait_v till_o they_o be_v methodical_o dismiss_v the_o roll_n or_o register_n by_o the_o palatine_n the_o reason_n of_o which_o be_v for_o fear_v they_o may_v otherwise_o misuse_v the_o citizen_n and_o boor_n in_o a_o tumultuous_a return_n hire_v of_o the_o hire_a soldier_n i_o have_v speak_v something_o before_o all_o that_o i_o think_v proper_a to_o add_v be_v that_o the_o hungarian_a foot_n which_o the_o pole_n call_v wegerska_n piechota_n be_v first_o institute_v by_o stephen_n batori_n in_o his_o war_n against_o the_o muscovite_n to_o the_o maintain_n of_o which_o almost_o every_o diet_n contribute_v something_o yet_o which_o seldom_o or_o never_o suffice_v they_o former_o the_o hire_a foot_n consist_v as_o well_o of_o native_n as_o stranger_n what_o the_o auxiliary_a differ_v from_o the_o hire_a force_n in_o regard_n that_o the_o former_a be_v such_o as_o have_v be_v agree_v to_o be_v furnish_v the_o pole_n by_o foreign_a prince_n in_o a_o treaty_n of_o peace_n and_o the_o latter_a be_v such_o as_o have_v be_v levy_v in_o other_o country_n by_o permission_n example_n of_o this_o first_o sort_n be_v a_o certain_a number_n allow_v boleslaus_n crivoustus_n by_o the_o russian_n and_o to_o casimir_n iv._o by_o the_o tartar_n against_o the_o prussia_n which_o be_v to_o have_v some_o reward_n from_o the_o pole_n these_o reward_v the_o tartar_n afterward_o require_v yearly_a as_o a_o tribute_n nay_o though_o they_o do_v no_o manner_n of_o service_n for_o they_o whereupon_o king_n stephen_n repel_v their_o importunacy_n with_o a_o absolute_a refusal_n as_o i_o have_v observe_v before_o in_o that_o king_n life_n which_o occasion_v great_a heat_n and_o disturbance_n but_o at_o length_n a_o peace_n be_v conclude_v between_o these_o two_o nation_n under_o the_o reign_n of_o john_n casimir_n whereby_o the_o pole_n be_v oblige_v to_o pay_v a_o certain_a stipend_n to_o the_o cham_n and_o on_o the_o other_o hand_n the_o cham_n be_v to_o be_v assist_v to_o the_o pole_n whenever_o they_o have_v occasion_n but_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o the_o latter_a break_v his_o promise_n which_o induce_v a_o non-performance_n in_o the_o former_a there_o be_v other_o example_n of_o these_o kind_n of_o soldier_n and_o at_o present_a some_o ally_n be_v still_o oblige_v by_o such_o contract_n these_o soldier_n be_v both_o horse_n and_o foot_n as_o the_o agreement_n be_v make_v call_v this_o breach_n of_o alliance_n by_o the_o tartar_n occasion_v the_o pole_n a_o new_a sort_n of_o soldier_n for_o sigismundus_n augustus_n to_o prevent_v their_o incursion_n into_o his_o kingdom_n allot_v a_o four_o part_n of_o his_o crown-revenue_n to_o maintain_v a_o guard_n on_o the_o frontier_n towards_o tartary_n this_o four_o part_n be_v sometime_o augment_v and_o that_o as_o often_o as_o exigencys_n require_v it_o be_v to_o be_v supervise_v by_o two_o senator_n and_o two_o of_o the_o gentry_n in_o conjunction_n with_o the_o high-treasurer_n of_o poland_n the_o starosta_n of_o rava_n have_v the_o custody_n of_o it_o and_o be_v to_o give_v in_o his_o yearly_a account_n how_o he_o have_v distribute_v it_o from_o hence_o these_o soldier_n have_v the_o name_n of_o quartarians_n before_o this_o time_n the_o like_a institution_n have_v be_v attempt_v at_o a_o diet_n hold_v at_o vilna_n to_o guard_v the_o frontier_n of_o lithuania_n against_o the_o muscovite_n but_o this_o meet_v with_o opposition_n and_o consequent_o be_v lay_v aside_o these_o force_n general_o consist_v of_o foot_n and_o be_v always_o keep_v in_o garrison_n poland_n beside_o all_o these_o soldier_n beforementioned_a some_o of_o the_o rich_a gentry_n in_o poland_n have_v all_o along_o be_v accustom_a at_o their_o sole_a cost_n and_o charge_n to_o raise_v several_a troop_n of_o horse_n for_o the_o public_a service_n some_o few_o example_n of_o the_o power_n of_o which_o it_o may_v not_o be_v amiss_o to_o insert_v example_n by_o the_o help_n of_o these_o zamoski_n in_o the_o reign_n of_o sigismond_n iii_o worsted_n carambeius_n the_o scythian_a with_o 3000_o man_n only_o who_o with_o 70000_o come_v to_o invade_v poland_n but_o with_o the_o loss_n of_o many_o thousand_o of_o his_o tartar_n be_v quick_o force_v to_o return_v home_o and_o in_o the_o same_o reign_n zolkievi_n with_o only_o 3000_o horse_n set_v upon_o 80000_o muscovite_n unawares_o and_o rout_v they_o entire_o bring_v away_o three_o german_a regiment_n that_o serve_v among_o they_o also_o in_o the_o late_a reign_n andrew_n trzebicki_n who_o afterward_o be_v make_v primate_n when_o but_o bishop_n of_o cracow_n and_o duke_n of_o severia_n raise_v a_o considerable_a number_n of_o force_n at_o his_o own_o proper_a expense_n to_o be_v send_v against_o the_o turk_n and_o which_o perform_v wonder_n under_o the_o then_o general_n john_n sobieski_n i_o omit_v many_o other_o that_o have_v do_v the_o same_o thing_n gentry_n these_o soldier_n have_v be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n select_v out_o of_o the_o nobility_n which_o have_v be_v the_o occasion_n of_o their_o so_o frequent_a success_n in_o but_o small_a number_n in_o respect_n to_o those_o of_o their_o enemy_n from_o this_o voluntary_a raise_n of_o these_o soldier_n they_o have_v have_v the_o name_n give_v they_o of_o volunteer_n though_o in_o other_o country_n that_o title_n be_v appropriate_v to_o such_o as_o serve_v of_o their_o own_o accord_n and_o without_o pay_n force_n notwithstanding_o the_o great_a number_n and_o warlike_a disposition_n of_o all_o these_o several_a kind_n of_o soldier_n yet_o their_o power_n be_v very_o much_o abate_v by_o their_o want_n of_o discipline_n and_o the_o neglect_n of_o the_o state_n and_o their_o officer_n in_o the_o due_a administration_n of_o affair_n for_o first_o as_o to_o the_o state_n the_o diet_n consist_v of_o so_o many_o person_n of_o differ_v sentiment_n be_v so_o exceed_v tardy_a in_o fit_v matter_n for_o action_n that_o like_o a_o clock_n make_v up_o of_o many_o contrary_a motion_n its_o progress_n must_v consequent_o be_v very_o slow_a and_o likewise_o before_o the_o senator_n and_o gentry_n can_v meet_v together_o there_o be_v so_o many_o ceremony_n to_o be_v past_a which_o they_o scarce_o ever_o abridge_v in_o the_o great_a extremity_n that_o a_o potent_a enemy_n may_v overrun_v the_o kingdom_n before_o the_o pospolite_n can_v well_o be_v get_v ready_a to_o oppose_v they_o this_o be_v experience_v when_o the_o czar_n of_o muscovy_n take_v polocz_n and_o smolensko_n from_o sigismundus_n augustus_n who_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o disagreement_n at_o that_o time_n in_o the_o diet_n be_v never_o afterward_o able_a to_o revenge_v it_o the_o same_o czar_n likewise_o invade_v livonia_n without_o opposition_n through_o the_o like_a defect_n which_o he_o can_v never_o have_v effect_v with_o so_o good_a success_n have_v the_o pole_n be_v in_o a_o readiness_n to_o have_v march_v against_o he_o but_o they_o be_v general_o so_o long_o in_o fit_v out_o and_o so_o unwilling_a to_o part_v with_o their_o belove_a luxury_n at_o the_o diet_n that_o they_o can_v easy_o change_v to_o the_o rough_a exercise_n of_o war._n state_n boterus_n in_o his_o description_n of_o poland_n say_v that_o four_o thing_n be_v indispensible_o requisite_a to_o the_o defence_n of_o a_o state_n and_o they_o be_v 1._o native_a force_n 2._o numerous_n 3._o potent_a and_o 4._o expeditious_a first_o their_o force_n ought_v to_o be_v native_a that_o they_o may_v not_o be_v betray_v by_o trust_v it_o in_o the_o hand_n of_o stranger_n who_o have_v not_o so_o great_a interest_n in_o the_o success_n as_o themselves_o second_o numerous_n that_o they_o may_v always_o be_v able_a to_o bring_v on_o fresh_a supply_n in_o case_n of_o extremity_n three_o potent_a because_o number_n without_o courage_n will_v rather_o contribute_v towards_o their_o defeat_n than_o victory_n and_o four_a expeditious_a and_o active_a that_o they_o may_v be_v qualify_v for_o hasty_a march_n and_o to_o rally_v upon_o the_o great_a rout._n now_o though_o the_o pole_n have_v a_o sort_n of_o claim_n to_o the_o three_o
former_a of_o these_o quality_n yet_o they_o be_v a_o little_a want_v in_o the_o latter_a especial_o before_o they_o come_v into_o the_o field_n the_o cause_n of_o which_o may_v be_v the_o want_n of_o sufficient_a authority_n in_o the_o prince_n or_o the_o slow_a and_o defective_a supply_n of_o money_n which_o have_v always_o be_v just_o esteem_v the_o sinew_n of_o war._n the_o insufficiency_n of_o the_o prince_n power_n may_v appear_v all_o along_o in_o the_o read_n of_o this_o history_n and_o the_o defect_n in_o supply_n of_o money_n be_v apparent_a by_o the_o bad_a pay_v and_o provide_v for_o the_o army_n for_o the_o soldier_n that_o be_v to_o receive_v pay_n be_v never_o pay_v above_o once_o in_o half_a a_o year_n and_o oftentimes_o not_o at_o all_o but_o be_v force_v to_o subsist_v upon_o plunder_n or_o upon_o what_o they_o can_v find_v in_o the_o wood_n nay_o hauteville_n say_v they_o have_v sometime_o be_v reduce_v to_o eat_v horseflesh_n as_o for_o the_o officer_n they_o receive_v no_o pay_n above_o once_o a_o year_n and_o sometime_o but_o once_o in_o two_o army_n the_o manner_n of_o pay_v they_o be_v particular_a and_o therefore_o it_o may_v not_o be_v improper_a to_o present_v your_o grace_n with_o a_o account_n of_o it_o commissioner_n depute_v by_o the_o diet_n for_o this_o purpose_n be_v order_v to_o meet_v at_o a_o place_n that_o be_v a_o good_a way_n off_o from_o court_n to_o the_o end_n the_o king_n may_v not_o concern_v himself_o in_o it_o though_o every_o thing_n there_o be_v do_v in_o his_o name_n then_o they_o proceed_v to_o allot_v every_o officer_n his_o quota_fw-la but_o they_o common_o retrench_v part_n of_o their_o due_n especial_o where_o they_o be_v foreigner_n and_o which_o may_v the_o better_o be_v tolerate_v because_o the_o officer_n be_v general_o at_o no_o charge_n to_o subsist_v and_o recruit_v their_o company_n and_o yet_o their_o commission_n run_v as_o if_o they_o have_v take_v care_n of_o they_o so_o that_o however_o the_o soldier_n suffer_v the_o officer_n have_v no_o reason_n to_o complain_v proceed_v by_o the_o army_n be_v so_o seldom_o pay_v and_o sometime_o not_o at_o all_o for_o want_v of_o money_n the_o soldier_n frequent_o confederate_a together_o and_o mutiny_n the_o manner_n whereof_o be_v common_o this_o the_o officer_n after_o they_o have_v find_v that_o their_o repeat_v complaint_n both_o to_o court_n and_o the_o diet_n prove_v fruitless_a be_v wont_a to_o assemble_v and_o make_v a_o rokosz_n which_o in_o the_o polish_v language_n imply_n a_o forsake_v their_o general_n the_o subaltern_n officer_n be_v thus_o assemble_v elect_v two_o among_o they_o one_o for_o their_o marshal_n and_o another_o for_o their_o lieutenant_n which_o last_o they_o term_v their_o substitute_n both_o these_o they_o immediate_o make_v to_o swear_v that_o they_o will_v use_v their_o utmost_a endeavour_n to_o procure_v their_o pay_n from_o the_o republic_n after_o this_o the_o say_a marshal_n forthwith_o take_v upon_o he_o the_o office_n of_o general_n the_o sequel_n of_o which_o may_v be_v easy_o conjecture_v to_o be_v nothing_o but_o ruin_n and_o desolation_n for_o then_o the_o army_n instead_o of_o march_v against_o the_o enemy_n or_o secure_v the_o frontier_n mind_n nothing_o else_o but_o plunder_n rapine_n and_o destruction_n example_n a_o example_n of_o this_o kind_n happen_v under_o the_o reign_n of_o john_n casimir_n when_o one_o swiderski_n be_v marshal_n and_o one_o borzecki_n his_o lieutenant_n or_o substitute_n this_o confederacy_n which_o be_v not_o easy_o quell_v by_o the_o king_n be_v think_v to_o have_v be_v occasion_v more_o by_o the_o influence_n of_o some_o malcontent_n who_o hope_v to_o effect_v their_o design_n in_o such_o a_o confusion_n than_o for_o any_o great_a omission_n in_o pay_v the_o army_n power_n there_o be_v other_o inconvenience_n which_o introduce_v confusion_n and_o disorder_n into_o the_o polish_v army_n and_o consequent_o oppression_n of_o the_o people_n and_o these_o flow_v chief_o from_o the_o officer_n and_o first_o from_o the_o general_n be_v be_v perpetual_a the_o king_n be_v often_o oblige_v to_o give_v that_o great_a charge_n to_o a_o rich_a nobleman_n that_o know_v little_a or_o nothing_o of_o warlike_a matter_n yet_o when_o he_o have_v once_o bestow_v it_o he_o can_v recall_v his_o grant_n though_o he_o foresee_v never_o so_o many_o ill_a consequence_n that_o attend_v it_o so_o that_o it_o be_v no_o wonder_n if_o poland_n often_o make_v false_a step_n in_o martial_a affair_n when_o it_o have_v frequent_o so_o unexperienced_a a_o guide_n on_o the_o contrary_a if_o this_o high_a command_n be_v only_o confer_v on_o and_o continue_v to_o merit_v what_o wonder_n may_v not_o the_o polish_v cavalry_n be_v able_a to_o perform_v for_o be_v so_o vast_a a_o number_n of_o horse_n they_o may_v easy_o hem_v in_o and_o cut_v off_o the_o great_a body_n of_o foot_n of_o which_o the_o army_n of_o their_o enemy_n chief_o consist_v another_o inconvenience_n proceed_v from_o the_o ill_a conduct_n and_o remissness_n of_o the_o under_o officer_n the_o great_a whereof_o be_v that_o especial_o those_o of_o the_o gentry_n seldom_o come_v to_o the_o place_n of_o rendezvouz_n till_o a_o month_n or_o six_o week_n after_o the_o time_n appoint_v and_o this_o neither_o the_o king_n nor_o general_n dare_v offer_v to_o remedy_n for_o fear_v of_o disoblige_v that_o serviceable_a body_n in_o like_a manner_n the_o gentry_n be_v sometime_o accustom_a to_o leave_v the_o army_n a_o month_n before_o the_o campaign_n be_v end_v which_o grievance_n be_v also_o not_o to_o be_v redress_v without_o danger_n the_o cause_n of_o their_o be_v so_o tardy_a in_o appear_v be_v in_o a_o great_a measure_n to_o be_v attribute_v to_o the_o defective_a order_n give_v they_o for_o when_o the_o officer_n be_v command_v to_o march_n to_o such_o or_o such_o a_o place_n in_o the_o kingdom_n neither_o the_o time_n they_o be_v to_o march_v in_o nor_o the_o town_n they_o be_v to_o pass_v through_o be_v comprehend_v so_o that_o by_o these_o mean_v they_o be_v at_o liberty_n to_o delay_v on_o account_n of_o their_o own_o private_a business_n as_o much_o as_o they_o please_v or_o else_o to_o wander_v all_o over_o the_o kingdom_n either_o for_o their_o profit_n or_o pleasure_n whereby_o the_o country_n they_o march_v through_o be_v not_o a_o little_a damage_v and_o the_o best_a lay_v design_n of_o the_o army_n frustrate_v by_o their_o absence_n another_o inconvenience_n arise_v from_o the_o officer_n be_v that_o they_o employ_v so_o much_o money_n in_o fit_v themselves_o out_o with_o costly_a arm_n and_o splendid_a equipage_n that_o for_o want_v of_o timely_a pay_n they_o have_v seldom_o any_o thing_n leave_v in_o a_o little_a time_n to_o support_v their_o necessity_n which_o defect_n they_o be_v wont_n to_o make_v up_o by_o oppress_v the_o people_n after_o a_o unreasonable_a manner_n from_o this_o extravagance_n of_o they_o proceed_v another_o inconvenience_n to_o the_o state_n for_o after_o they_o have_v thus_o exhaust_v their_o pocket_n they_o usual_o lay_v the_o occasion_n of_o their_o misbehaviour_n either_o on_o the_o court_n or_o the_o government_n which_o in_o the_o succeed_a diet_n oftentimes_o produce_v great_a heat_n and_o disturbance_n when_o any_o new_a levy_n be_v to_o be_v make_v in_o poland_n the_o officer_n not_o only_o excuse_v for_o money_n what_o place_n they_o think_v sit_v but_o also_o as_o i_o observe_v before_o seldom_o pay_v the_o soldier_n the_o rate_n that_o they_o be_v allow_v for_o they_o so_o that_o these_o latter_a be_v in_o a_o manner_n force_v to_o pillage_n and_o plunder_v even_o their_o own_o country_n without_o their_o officer_n be_v able_a to_o hinder_v they_o by_o reason_n that_o they_o have_v first_o set_v they_o example_n for_o so_o do_v ever-ruâ—ed_a to_o avoid_v most_o of_o these_o inconvenience_n some_o discern_a politician_n have_v propose_v to_o the_o diet_n to_o keep_v the_o soldier_n always_o encamp_v to_o the_o end_n that_o they_o may_v be_v make_v more_o subject_a to_o discipline_n by_o disable_n they_o from_o pillage_n the_o country_n and_o by_o keep_v they_o together_o they_o may_v be_v always_o at_o hand_n to_o oppose_v the_o sudden_a inroad_n of_o a_o enemy_n by_o these_o mean_n also_o the_o people_n be_v deliver_v from_o oppression_n will_v be_v the_o better_a able_a to_o pay_v their_o tax_n which_o will_v remove_v that_o fatal_a inconvenience_n of_o the_o army_n be_v be_v ill_o pay_v this_o advice_n some_o approve_v of_o and_o argue_v for_o but_o other_o vigorous_o oppose_v it_o allege_v that_o it_o may_v be_v of_o very_o ill_a consequence_n to_o intrust_v so_o great_a a_o power_n in_o the_o hand_n of_o one_o person_n their_o general_n and_o to_o confide_v it_o to_o more_o than_o one_o will_v probable_o through_o emulation_n occasion_n no_o less_o disorder_n and_o danger_n to_o the_o
the_o emperor_n henry_n vi_o by_o the_o rull_n of_o pope_n celestine_n iii_o under_o the_o title_n of_o teutonic_n or_o dutch_a knight_n of_o the_o hospital_n of_o st._n marry_o the_o virgin_n vow_v poverty_n obedience_n and_o chastity_n and_o oblige_v themselves_o to_o receive_v none_o but_o german_n into_o their_o order_n prussia_n after_o they_o have_v thus_o receive_v confirmation_n from_o the_o papal_a see_v some_o rich_a citizen_n of_o breme_n and_o lubeck_n join_v with_o they_o and_o make_v large_a contribution_n another_o hospital_n be_v erect_v for_o they_o in_o the_o city_n of_o acon_n or_o ptolemais_n in_o syria_n but_o after_o that_o city_n together_o with_o jerusalem_n and_o all_o the_o holy-land_n have_v be_v take_v by_o the_o saracen_n under_o the_o command_n of_o saladin_n have_v be_v in_o the_o possession_n of_o the_o christian_n for_o more_o than_o 87_o year_n before_o one_o hermannus_n then_o great_a master_n with_o the_o remain_a knight_n remove_v into_o germany_n on_o who_o the_o emperor_n frederic_n xi_o and_o pope_n honorius_n iii_o or_o as_o some_o will_v have_v it_o conrade_z duke_n of_o masovia_n in_o 1226_o in_o the_o year_n 1229_o bestow_v the_o province_n of_o prussia_n where_o have_v conquer_a build_v that_o nation_n and_o reduce_v it_o from_o paganism_n to_o christianity_n they_o build_v the_o city_n of_o marienburg_n or_o mary-town_n and_o in_o the_o year_n 1340_o fix_v the_o residence_n of_o their_o great_a master_n there_o wherefore_o this_o country_n they_o enjoy_v till_o about_o the_o year_n 1525_o when_o albert_n marquis_n of_o brandenburg_n the_o last_o great_a master_n of_o this_o order_n by_o a_o solemn_a renunciation_n become_v feudatory_a to_o sigismond_n king_n of_o poland_n who_o raise_v prussia_n to_o a_o dukedom_n and_o make_v this_o marquis_n first_o duke_n thereof_o but_o however_o some_o of_o the_o knight_n dislike_a this_o action_n proceed_v to_o elect_a another_o great_a master_n which_o be_v walter_n the_o cronberg_n and_o forthwith_o leave_v prussia_n seat_v themselves_o in_o germany_n where_o they_o continue_v at_o this_o day_n though_o in_o no_o great_a reputation_n except_o that_o the_o young_a son_n of_o the_o german_a prince_n be_v common_o admit_v of_o their_o order_n manner_n their_o statute_n be_v compose_v after_o the_o model_n of_o those_o of_o the_o knight_n hospitaller_n and_o knight_n templar_n at_o this_o day_n the_o knight_n of_o malta_n but_o nevertheless_o to_o distinguish_v they_o from_o these_o order_n their_o habit_n be_v ordain_v to_o be_v a_o white_a mantle_n with_o a_o plain_a black_a cross_a on_o the_o breast_n though_o other_o will_v have_v it_o to_o have_v be_v a_o black_a cross_n void_v with_o a_o cross_n potence_n this_o cross_n they_o be_v also_o to_o have_v upon_o white_a banner_n as_o likewise_o upon_o their_o shield_n and_o in_o their_o coat_n of_o arm_n they_o be_v moreover_o enjoin_v to_o live_v conformable_a to_o the_o order_n and_o rule_n of_o st._n austin_n their_o first_o number_n be_v 24_o lay-brother_n and_o 7_o priest_n yet_o heysse_n in_o his_o history_n of_o the_o empire_n tom_n i._o say_v they_o be_v at_o first_o 40._o they_o both_o be_v allow_v to_o wear_v armour_n and_o sword_n and_o may_v celebrate_v mass_n in_o that_o habit._n none_o of_o they_o shave_v their_o beard_n but_o by_o their_o order_n be_v oblige_v to_o let_v they_o grow_v and_o to_o sleep_v upon_o sack_n of_o straw_n but_o however_o this_o with_o their_o other_o primitive_a injunction_n soon_o vanish_v prince_n this_o order_n be_v establish_v after_o the_o manner_n as_o we_o have_v show_v before_o all_o christian_a prince_n endeavour_v to_o give_v they_o encouragement_n and_o among_o the_o rest_n the_o pope_n and_o emperor_n give_v they_o particular_a proof_n of_o their_o favour_n and_o liberality_n philip_n king_n of_o france_n also_o be_v willing_a to_o do_v the_o like_a on_o his_o part_n make_v they_o great_a present_n and_o moreover_o grant_v their_o great_a master_n a_o liberty_n to_o wear_v the_o flower_n delucc_n on_o the_o 4_o extremity_n of_o their_o cross_n prussia_n their_o power_n and_o force_n in_o war_n will_v appear_v in_o the_o follow_a succinct_a account_n and_o series_n of_o their_o several_a great_a master_n 1190._o their_o first_o great_a master_n as_o i_o observe_v before_o be_v henry_n walpot_n a_o native_a of_o germany_n elect_v in_o the_o year_n 1190_o who_o die_v and_o be_v bury_v at_o acon_n or_o ptolemais_n 1200._o the_o second_o great_a master_n of_o this_o order_n be_v otho_n the_o kerpen_n a_o nobleman_n of_o germany_n who_o after_o have_v enjoy_v this_o office_n but_o 6_o year_n die_v and_o be_v bury_v at_o acon_n 1206._o the_o three_o great_a master_n be_v herman_n barth_n of_o alsace_n who_o be_v elect_v under_o pope_n innocent_n iii_o and_o the_o emperor_n philip_n ii_o he_o preside_v over_o these_o knight_n only_o 4_o year_n than_o die_v and_o be_v bury_v at_o acon_n under_o these_o two_o great_a master_n this_o order_n first_o begin_v to_o increase_v and_o flourish_v 1210._o the_o four_o great_a master_n be_v herman_n a_o salzen_n a_o nobleman_n of_o misnia_n under_o the_o several_a pontificate_n of_o pope_n innocent_a iii_o honorius_n and_o gregory_n ix_o and_o in_o the_o reign_v of_o the_o emperor_n be_v otho_n and_o frederic_n ii_o this_o master_n obtain_v great_a privilege_n for_o his_o order_n both_o from_o the_o aforesaid_a pope_n and_o emperor_n and_o john_n king_n of_o jerusalem_n for_o their_o have_v protect_v he_o against_o conrade_n king_n of_o syria_n add_v to_o the_o arm_n of_o this_o order_n a_o cross_n potence_n or_o which_o be_v the_o proper_a ensign_n of_o that_o kingdom_n in_o his_o time_n conrade_n marquess_z of_o thuringen_n be_v admit_v of_o the_o order_n he_o have_v above_o 2000_o german_a nobleman_n and_o knight_n in_o his_o order_n at_o once_o all_o which_o he_o govern_v for_o about_o 30_o year_n during_o his_o administration_n his_o order_n have_v be_v drive_v out_o of_o the_o holy-land_n by_o the_o saracen_n settle_v in_o prussia_n to_o the_o number_n of_o 20000_o and_o by_o help_n of_o the_o pole_n soon_o expel_v the_o pagan_a prussian_n out_o of_o the_o province_n of_o culmigeria_n he_o lie_v bury_v at_o marienburg_n which_o he_o build_v 1240._o the_o five_o great_a master_n be_v conrade_n marquis_n of_o thuringen_n who_o be_v elect_v under_o the_o pontificat_fw-la of_o celestine_n iu._n and_o the_o reign_n of_o the_o emperor_n frederic_n ii_o he_o very_o much_o augment_v the_o conquest_n of_o his_o order_n and_o restore_v many_o ruinous_a fabric_n he_o build_v koningsberg_n in_o ducal_z prussia_n and_o lie_v bury_v at_o marienburg_n 1252._o the_o six_o great_a master_n be_v poppo_n ab_fw-la osternaw_n in_o the_o time_n of_o pope_n innocent_n iu._n and_o of_o the_o emperor_n conrade_n iu._n he_o have_v several_a glorious_a conquest_n over_o the_o prussian_n livonian_o and_o swentopelus_n duke_n of_o pomerania_n but_o at_o length_n before_o the_o city_n of_o lignitz_n be_v kill_v and_o rout_v by_o the_o tartar_n who_o have_v almost_o overrun_v all_o sarmatia_n poland_n and_o be_v afterward_o bury_v at_o uladislaw_n it_o be_v say_v that_o the_o aforesaid_a swentopelus_n have_v be_v so_o extreme_o beat_v by_o these_o knight_n that_o he_o be_v force_v to_o clap_v up_o a_o peace_n with_o they_o and_o afterward_o on_o his_o deathbed_n earnest_o recommend_v to_o his_o child_n to_o preserve_v the_o friendship_n he_o have_v contract_v but_o however_o mestowin_n his_o elder_a son_n forget_v his_o father_n order_n declare_a war_n anew_o against_o they_o but_o be_v likewise_o beat_v the_o knight_n overrun_v all_o pomerania_n and_o at_o length_n force_v this_o duke_n to_o a_o peace_n and_o moreover_o 3_o of_o his_o brother_n whereof_o the_o elder_a be_v name_v sambor_n become_v knight_n of_o this_o order_n 1263._o the_o seven_o great_a master_n of_o the_o teutonic_n order_n be_v johannes_n sangerhusensis_n who_o take_v upon_o he_o that_o office_n under_o the_o pontificat_fw-la of_o alexander_n iu._n he_o very_o much_o allay_v the_o insolence_n of_o the_o pagan_a prussian_n and_o in_o great_a measure_n regain_v the_o credit_n of_o his_o order_n forfeit_v to_o the_o tartar_n he_o rule_v 12_o year_n and_o lie_v bury_v at_o treves_n in_o his_o time_n the_o city_n of_o brandenburg_n be_v build_v 1275._o the_o eight_o great_a master_n be_v hartman_n count_n of_o heidelberg_n who_o be_v elect_v in_o the_o time_n of_o pope_n clement_n iu._n and_o of_o the_o emperor_n rodolfe_n i._o he_o be_v a_o very_a industrious_a person_n and_o get_v great_a ground_n of_o the_o prussian_n in_o his_o time_n the_o castle_n of_o marienburg_n be_v build_v in_o the_o year_n 1281._o he_o die_v and_o be_v bury_v at_o venice_n 1283._o the_o nine_o great_a master_n of_o this_o order_n be_v buchardus_fw-la à _fw-la swenden_n elect_v in_o the_o time_n of_o pope_n john_n and_o the_o emperor_n rodolfe_n i._o
for_o their_o practice_n what_o as_o to_o disease_n they_o have_v the_o same_o in_o poland_n that_o be_v in_o other_o country_n venereal_a distemper_n be_v very_o frequent_a yet_o salivation_n be_v not_o so_o much_o practise_v there_o as_o with_o we_o for_o they_o pretend_v to_o cure_v the_o lues_fw-la by_o sweat_v quack_n dr_n connor_n say_v that_o in_o his_o time_n there_o live_v a_o illiterate_a fellow_n in_o a_o wood_n about_o six_o mile_n from_o warsaw_n who_o undertake_v to_o cure_v all_o venereal_a distemper_n in_o 7_o or_o 8_o day_n at_o far_a and_o that_o by_o a_o bagnio_fw-it in_o which_o he_o boil_v 3_o or_o four_o sort_n of_o plant_n which_o he_o make_v a_o secret_a of_o the_o doctor_n say_v the_o helleboraster_n and_o the_o capillus_fw-la veneris_fw-la or_o maiden_n hair_n as_o well_o as_o he_o can_v discover_v be_v the_o chief_a this_o quack_n bathe_v his_o patient_n in_o a_o hot_a decoction_n of_o these_o herb_n for_o four_o day_n together_o and_o make_v they_o drink_v of_o the_o same_o frequent_o while_o they_o be_v in_o the_o bath_n the_o other_o four_o day_n he_o lay_v they_o over_o the_o tub_n to_o receive_v the_o hot_a steam_n of_o the_o say_a decoction_n lay_v a_o blanket_n over_o they_o to_o intercept_v any_o evaporation_n and_o to_o drive_v back_o the_o steam_n upon_o the_o naked_a body_n by_o way_n of_o revarberatory_n through_o which_o mean_n they_o sweat_v extreme_o while_o they_o sweat_v he_o make_v they_o drink_v of_o the_o decoction_n as_o before_o so_o that_o by_o thus_o sweat_v bathe_v and_o drink_v dr._n connor_n say_v it_o be_v credible_o assure_v he_o that_o he_o wrought_v many_o wonderful_a cure_n in_o venereal_a case_n the_o doctor_n say_v moreover_o that_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o a_o great_a number_n of_o people_n flock_v frequent_o to_o he_o and_o that_o for_o the_o whole_a cure_n he_o demand_v no_o more_o than_o two_o rixdollar_n particular_n for_o other_o disease_n the_o pole_n seldom_o or_o never_o know_v any_o scurvey_n 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be_v term_v the_o rose_n the_o former_a be_v a_o odd_a kind_n of_o distemper_n and_o frequent_o mention_v in_o physick-author_n dr._n connor_n say_v it_o be_v one_o of_o the_o most_o remarkable_a malady_n that_o he_o have_v description_n ever_o meet_v with_o yet_o be_v nothing_o else_o but_o the_o hair_n of_o the_o head_n mat_v entangle_v and_o in_o terwoven_a like_a to_o full_v cloth_n sometime_o all_o the_o hair_n of_o the_o head_n will_v be_v thus_o mat_v so_o large_a that_o it_o cover_v the_o shoulder_n and_o so_o long_o that_o it_o come_v down_o to_o the_o very_o be_v which_o make_v they_o that_o have_v it_o put_v it_o into_o a_o purse_n that_o it_o may_v hang_v backward_o but_o general_o speak_v it_o hang_v in_o twist_a rope_n and_o that_o most_o common_o on_o one_o side_n only_o other_o have_v only_o their_o hair_n plait_v close_o to_o their_o head_n as_o little_a child_n that_o be_v scabby_a have_v but_o however_o those_o that_o have_v the_o plica_fw-la never_o have_v any_o 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arthritique_n pain_n etc._n etc._n but_o then_o they_o never_o occasion_v a_o carry_v in_o the_o bone_n nor_o any_o ulcer_n in_o the_o mouth_n or_o elsewhere_o when_o the_o hair_n be_v cut_v it_o be_v common_o say_v that_o these_o symptom_n become_v more_o violent_a and_o moreover_o produce_v a_o cloudiness_n over_o the_o eye_n and_o sometime_o a_o total_a blindness_n also_o that_o it_o cause_v headache_n pain_n in_o the_o limb_n vomit_n the_o member_n all_o of_o a_o sudden_a to_o become_v distort_v and_o stiff_a the_o nail_n of_o the_o finger_n to_o have_v little_a white_a spot_n on_o they_o and_o pimple_n and_o pustules_fw-la to_o come_v out_o all_o over_o the_o body_n painful_a dr._n connor_n say_v however_o that_o author_n mistake_v when_o they_o attribute_v any_o such_o accident_n to_o the_o cut_n of_o hair_n in_o the_o plica_fw-la for_o he_o inform_v i_o that_o he_o have_v cut_v it_o himself_o and_o that_o there_o neither_o come_v blood_n nor_o be_v there_o any_o sensation_n 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frequent_o know_v to_o have_v have_v it_o stranger_n also_o get_v it_o when_o they_o have_v reside_v in_o poland_n for_o any_o time_n but_o hauteville_n say_v they_o never_o have_v it_o though_o they_o continue_v there_o ever_o so_o long_o and_o the_o reason_n he_o give_v be_v because_o as_o soon_o as_o their_o hair_n begin_v to_o entangle_v they_o cut_v it_o off_o which_o he_o say_v the_o pole_n dare_v not_o do_v for_o fear_n of_o make_v themselves_o blind_a case_n the_o people_n be_v so_o superstitious_a concern_v this_o distemper_n that_o there_o be_v some_o old_a woman_n among_o they_o that_o pretend_v to_o bring_v it_o out_o upon_o child_n that_o be_v trouble_v with_o any_o languish_a disease_n by_o mix_v and_o twist_v their_o hair_n and_o make_v their_o mother_n believe_v that_o they_o be_v only_o sick_a because_o the_o plica_fw-la can_v break_v forth_o the_o pole_n be_v likewise_o very_o superstitious_a in_o other_o case_n for_o they_o dare_v not_o kill_v a_o stork_n for_o fear_n of_o some_o misfortune_n happen_v to_o they_o thereupon_o beside_o what_o i_o have_v mention_v before_o of_o their_o cut_n off_o dead_a people_n head_n be_v so_o common_a a_o thing_n that_o even_o the_o late_a queen_n upon_o information_n that_o her_o countryman_n the_o french_a die_v in_o great_a number_n in_o their_o allot_v station_n in_o the_o city_n of_o warsaw_n call_v from_o thence_o petit_n paris_n little_a paris_n cause_v the_o first_o person_n of_o those_o that_o die_v to_o be_v inquire_v out_o and_o dug_n up_o and_o will_v have_v have_v his_o head_n cut_v off_o to_o prevent_v a_o far_a mortality_n among_o those_o people_n have_v not_o a_o capuchin_n her_o confessor_n oppose_v it_o and_o inform_v she_o it_o be_v against_o the_o cannon_n of_o the_o church_n he_o also_o be_v force_v to_o threaten_v excommunication_n against_o a_o dominican_n