the_o more_o rich_a they_o be_v the_o more_o they_o be_v esteem_v among_o the_o grecian_n there_o be_v not_o ancient_o any_o mean_a to_o be_v advance_v but_o only_o by_o the_o emperor_n service_n wherein_o whosoever_o do_v continue_v any_o time_n be_v he_o never_o so_o base_o bear_v shall_v notwithstanding_o be_v make_v a_o gentleman_n the_o egyptian_n and_o affyrian_o will_v not_o admit_v any_o man_n to_o have_v the_o title_n of_o a_o gentleman_n unless_o he_o be_v a_o soldier_n and_o skilful_a in_o military_a affair_n the_o rest_n of_o the_o people_n live_v as_o slave_n without_o reputation_n the_o tartarian_n and_o muscovite_n do_v hold_v no_o man_n worthy_a the_o name_n of_o a_o gentleman_n unless_o he_o be_v a_o man_n of_o arm_n a_o captain_n or_o at_o the_o least_o a_o soldier_n of_o extraordinary_a account_n for_o learning_n be_v there_o of_o no_o price_n chap._n 19_o of_o kingdom_n and_o how_o king_n be_v to_o precede_v according_a to_o the_o council_n of_o constance_n in_o the_o time_n of_o king_n henry_n the_o five_o we_o read_v that_o ancient_o the_o great_a and_o most_o noble_a king_n of_o the_o world_n be_v these_o viz._n the_o king_n of_o sycionia_n the_o king_n egypt_n and_o the_o king_n of_o assyria_n but_o of_o they_o that_o of_o assyria_n of_o great_a power_n for_o ninus_n the_o son_n of_o belus_n have_v conquer_v and_o bring_v to_o his_o obedience_n all_o the_o people_n of_o asia_n india_n except_v other_o affirm_v he_o command_v the_o one_o half_a of_o the_o world_n and_o some_o say_v he_o be_v king_n of_o a_o three_o part_n so_o write_v s._n augustine_n li._n 17._o cap._n 17._o de_fw-fr ci_fw-fr dei_fw-la it_o be_v likewise_o by_o other_o writer_n say_v that_o in_o ancient_a time_n be_v four_o mighty_a kingdom_n by_o daniel_n compare_v to_o four_o metal_n viz_n that_o of_o assyrian_n in_o the_o east_n be_v liken_v unto_o gold_n that_o of_o the_o persian_n and_o median_n to_o silver_n that_o of_o the_o north_n region_n to_o brass_n that_o of_o the_o roman_n in_o the_o west_n to_o iron_n but_o the_o kingdom_n of_o the_o east_n be_v most_o honourable_a though_o at_o length_n it_o please_v god_n that_o the_o empire_n of_o rome_n resemble_v to_o iron_n both_o in_o longitude_n and_o latitude_n exceed_v all_o other_o for_o as_o iron_n do_v cut_v and_o decrease_v all_o other_o metal_n so_o the_o dominion_n and_o power_n of_o roman_n abase_v and_o eclipse_v all_o other_o regal_a puissance_n howsoever_o that_o be_v the_o glory_n and_o greatness_n of_o the_o roman_a force_n in_o tract_n of_o time_n do_v also_o become_v of_o small_a force_n weak_a and_o feeble_a according_a to_o the_o pprophecy_n of_o daniel_n ca._n 2._o but_o leave_v to_o speak_v more_o of_o time_n so_o ancient_a we_o say_v that_o in_o asia_n the_o chief_a kingdom_n be_v catai_n tharses_n turne_a corasina_n india_n persia_n media_n georgia_n syria_n cappadocia_n ethinia_n etc._n etc._n in_o africa_n be_v ethiopia_n libya_n arabia_n judea_n cilicia_n mauritania_n numidia_n and_o other_o in_o europe_n be_v likewise_o many_o kingdom_n but_o of_o they_o these_o be_v most_o potent_a viz._n england_n france_n scotland_n spain_n portugal_n denmark_n moscovia_n sweden_n poland_n etc._n etc._n now_o touch_v the_o precedence_n of_o these_o prince_n in_o europe_n by_o diverse_a writer_n it_o be_v affirm_v that_o the_o king_n of_o france_n may_v just_o claim_v the_o chief_a place_n first_o for_o that_o it_o please_v god_n to_o send_v from_o heaven_n unto_o clodoveus_fw-la the_o first_o christian_a king_n of_o that_o nation_n three_o lily_n as_o a_o divine_a favour_n to_o be_v from_o thenceforth_o bear_v in_o the_o arm_n of_o that_o kingdom_n before_o which_o time_n the_o king_n arm_n be_v three_o toad_n second_o they_o allege_v that_o france_n be_v the_o most_o ancient_a kingdom_n of_o europe_n and_o that_o suardus_n be_v king_n of_o that_o nation_n in_o the_o reign_n of_o alexander_n three_o because_o the_o king_n of_o france_n be_v anoint_v which_o indeed_o seem_v a_o mark_n of_o much_o preeminence_n four_o for_o that_o the_o french_a king_n bear_v the_o title_n of_o most_o christian._n last_o because_o it_o have_v be_v in_o sundry_a papal_a consistory_n decree_v that_o the_o ambassador_n of_o france_n shall_v precede_v the_o ambassador_n of_o spain_n other_o hold_v that_o precedency_n appertain_v to_o the_o king_n of_o spain_n first_o for_o that_o he_o be_v entitle_v the_o most_o catholic_n king_n second_o because_o he_o be_v king_n of_o many_o kingdom_n and_o consequent_o of_o most_o honour_n according_a to_o the_o proverb_n of_o sal._n in_o mulitudine_fw-la populi_fw-la dignitas_fw-la regis_fw-la which_o reason_n sallust_n seem_v also_o to_o confirm_v say_v maxima_fw-la gloria_fw-la in_o maximo_fw-la imperio_fw-la but_o we_o say_v the_o chief_a place_n of_o honour_n and_o precedency_n in_o europe_n appertain_v to_o the_o king_n of_o england_n first_o in_o respect_n of_o ancienty_n for_o albeit_o alexander_n first_o king_n of_o the_o grecian_n and_o of_o persia_n call_v himself_o king_n of_o the_o world_n even_o at_o that_o time_n brutus_n be_v king_n of_o england_n and_o as_o some_o have_v say_v suardus_n be_v then_o king_n of_o france_n but_o gaquinus_fw-la in_o his_o chronicle_n of_o france_n make_v no_o mention_n thereof_o not_o record_v his_o name_n among_o the_o number_n of_o french_a king_n second_o the_o king_n of_o england_n be_v anoint_v and_o so_o be_v no_o other_o king_n but_o the_o french_a king_n the_o king_n of_o sicil_n and_o the_o king_n of_o jerusalem_n three_o the_o king_n of_o england_n be_v crown_v which_o honour_n the_o king_n of_o spain_n portugal_n arragon_n navarra_n and_o many_o other_o prince_n have_v not_o four_o the_o king_n of_o england_n be_v a_o prince_n most_o absolute_a as_o from_o who_o be_v no_o appellation_n either_o in_o jurisdiction_n ecclesiastical_a or_o civil_a and_o albeit_o enqueranus_fw-la monstellet_fw-la write_v that_o in_o the_o year_n 1420._o at_o the_o interview_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n and_o france_n make_v their_o entry_n into_o the_o city_n of_o paris_n the_o french_a king_n do_v ride_v on_o the_o right_a hand_n and_o kiss_v the_o relic_n of_o saint_n first_o yet_o be_v that_o no_o proof_n of_o his_o right_n in_o precedence_n for_o quilibet_fw-la rex_fw-la seu_fw-la princeps_fw-la in_fw-la svo_fw-la regno_fw-la in_o culmine_fw-la sedere_fw-la debet_fw-la so_o say_v corsetus_n de_fw-fr potestate_fw-la regius_fw-la and_o admit_v that_o in_o time_n more_o ancient_a the_o king_n of_o france_n have_v precedence_n before_o england_n yet_o since_o the_o conquest_n &_o famous_a victory_n of_o henry_n the_o five_o and_o coronation_n of_o henry_n the_o sixth_o in_o paris_n the_o king_n of_o england_n may_v just_o take_v place_n neither_o be_v the_o title_n of_o most_o christian_n any_o proof_n of_o ancienty_n be_v only_o a_o honour_n give_v for_o certain_a service_n do_v by_o king_n pepin_n and_o charlemagne_n to_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n as_o for_o the_o allegation_n of_o spain_n affirm_v that_o the_o king_n catholic_a be_v owner_n of_o many_o kingdom_n and_o therefore_o of_o most_o honour_n that_o reason_n be_v of_o no_o consequence_n for_o so_o be_v also_o the_o king_n of_o england_n who_o only_a kingdom_n of_o england_n be_v by_o nature_n inexpugnable_a and_o so_o plentiful_o people_v as_o suffice_v not_o only_o to_o defend_v itself_o against_o all_o other_o nation_n but_o also_o to_o invade_v and_o conquer_v as_o both_o spain_n and_o france_n have_v make_v experience_n but_o the_o last_o and_o most_o effectual_a reason_n in_o favour_n of_o england_n be_v that_o the_o king_n and_o people_n thereof_o receive_v the_o gospel_n and_o faith_n christian_n before_o france_n or_o spain_n also_o the_o bishop_n with_o the_o ambassador_n english_a have_v precedence_n in_o the_o great_a general_a counsel_n of_o christendom_n as_o particular_o appear_v at_o the_o council_n of_o constance_n where_o the_o bishop_n of_o england_n be_v present_a and_o honour_v according_o at_o which_o time_n it_o be_v doubt_v whether_o spain_n shall_v be_v admit_v a_o nation_n but_o in_o the_o end_n the_o spaniard_n be_v allow_v for_o the_o five_o and_o last_o nation_n and_o all_o the_o people_n there_o assemble_v be_v divide_v into_o five_o class_n or_o rank_n viz._n germane_a french_a english_a italian_n and_o spaniard_n the_o german_a rank_n contain_v themselves_o bohemia_n hungaria_n polonia_n dalmatia_n graecia_n and_o croatia_n the_o french_a have_v place_n alone_o as_o a_o nation_n absolute_a to_o the_o english_a nation_n scotland_n norway_n denmark_n sweden_n and_o cyprus_n be_v adjoin_v the_o italian_n have_v all_o the_o kingdom_n subject_n to_o rome_n sicily_n naples_n and_o argier_n with_o the_o spaniard_n be_v the_o ambassador_n and_o bishop_n of_o castilia_n arragon_n maiorca_n navarra_n portugal_n and_o granado_n this_o assembly_n contain_v the_o legate_n and_o ambassador_n of_o 83._o king_n beside_o
the_o person_n of_o the_o emperor_n and_o king_n of_o roman_n two_o pope_n for_o one_o die_v there_o five_o patriarch_n three_o and_o thirty_o cardinal_n forty_o and_o seven_o archbishop_n a_o hundred_o forty_o and_o five_o bishop_n and_o 83._o suffragans_fw-la thirty_o and_o nine_o duke_n thirty_o and_o seven_o earl_n be_v absolute_a prince_n a_o hundred_o and_o thirty_o inferior_a earl_n seventie_o and_o nine_o free_a lord_n or_o baron_n knight_n of_o all_o nation_n fifteen_o hundred_o gentleman_n twenty_o thousand_o beside_o doctor_n licentiat_v and_o schoolman_n infinite_a for_o the_o king_n of_o england_n appear_v richard_n beauchamp_n earl_n of_o warwick_n with_o he_o be_v four_o bishop_n viz._n sarisbury_n chester_n bath_n and_o bangor_n sarisbury_n die_v during_o that_o council_n and_o live_v take_v his_o place_n above_o all_o other_o bishop_n as_o a_o archbishop_n and_o for_o the_o time_n be_v place_v last_o in_o the_o rank_n of_o archbishop_n the_o earl_n of_o warwick_n attendant_n be_v as_o follow_v hurt_v the_o clough_n knight_n john_n warerton_n knight_n john_n seton_n knight_n piers_n craft_n knight_n john_n roch_n knight_n james_n hermford_n knight_n beringer_n de_fw-fr beaumond_n knight_n gentleman_n nicholas_n serpon_n william_n newland_n geffrey_n offley_n walter_n hungerford_n hugh_n holdbach_n john_n fitton_n thomas_n wileot_n richard_n dutton_n oliver_n dunley_n petrs_n craft_n john_n lantsdon_n john_n roche_n thomas_n fanhe_v william_n newland_n john_n merbory_n john_n otlinger_n ralph_n rainscroft_n henry_n vessey_n william_n vessey_n schoolman_n of_o cambridge_n henry_n abundy_n john_n wells_n john_n sheirford_n doctor_n in_o divinity_n thomas_n palton_n robert_n appleton_n john_n stokes_n civilians_n schoolman_n of_o oxford_n the_o lord_n prior_n of_o orsestry_n peter_n rodley_n priamus_n farbach_n chap._n 20._o of_o magistrate_n next_o under_o emperor_n king_n and_o prince_n sovereign_n be_v four_o degree_n of_o magistrate_n some_o be_v call_v magni_fw-la and_o illustres_fw-la some_z are_z medij_fw-la and_o spectabiles_fw-la some_z are_z minimi_fw-la and_o clarissimi_fw-it and_o some_o be_v infimi_fw-la the_o first_o may_v be_v name_v magistrate_n sovereign_a as_o they_o who_o acknowledge_v no_o superior_a but_o the_o majesty_n of_o the_o prince_n the_o second_o be_v they_o that_o yield_v obedience_n to_o they_o and_o command_v other_o magistrate_n their_o inferior_n the_o latter_a two_o be_v such_o as_o can_v command_v any_o magistrate_n but_o have_v power_n only_o over_o particular_a subject_n within_o the_o limit_n of_o their_o jurisdiction_n touch_v the_o first_o that_o have_v authority_n to_o command_v all_o other_o magistrate_n and_o acknowledge_v no_o superior_a but_o the_o prince_n they_o be_v few_o at_o this_o day_n then_o heretofore_o yet_o certain_a it_o seem_v that_o some_o roman_a emperor_n authorize_v one_o magistrate_n or_o lieutenant_n without_o any_o companion_n to_o command_v all_o other_o magistrate_n of_o the_o empire_n and_o to_o he_o all_o governor_n and_o magistrate_n do_v appeal_v which_o magistrate_n they_o call_v praefectus_fw-la praetorio_fw-la true_a it_o be_v that_o at_o the_o beginning_n he_o be_v of_o no_o great_a quality_n than_o captain_n of_o the_o legion_n praetorian_a as_o seius_n strabo_n under_o augustus_n and_o sejanus_n under_o tibertus_n until_o other_o emperor_n succeed_v by_o little_a and_o little_o increase_v their_o authority_n as_o in_o the_o end_n the_o praefectus_fw-la praetorio_fw-la become_v lieutenant_n general_a and_o judge_v of_o all_o question_n and_o cause_n whatsoever_o by_o which_o occasion_n that_o office_n be_v give_v unto_o man_n learn_v in_o the_o law_n as_o martian_a under_o otho_n papinian_n under_o severus_n and_o ulpian_n under_o alexander_n all_o which_o come_v to_o pass_v before_o arm_n be_v divide_v from_o law_n and_o justicer_n from_o captain_n afterward_o this_o great_a office_n become_v impart_v unto_o two_o and_o sometime_o three_o person_n purposely_o to_o abridge_v the_o excessive_a authority_n of_o one_o but_o touch_v the_o precedency_n of_o magistrate_n albeit_o they_o can_v apt_o be_v range_v with_o those_o of_o the_o empire_n yet_o may_v they_o in_o some_o sort_n be_v place_v according_a to_o the_o dignity_n and_o degree_n of_o those_o title_n which_o the_o roman_n ancient_o use_v and_o touch_v their_o authority_n it_o shall_v not_o be_v amiss_o to_o know_v that_o a_o magistrate_n be_v a_o officer_n have_v power_n to_o command_v in_o the_o common_a weal_n among_o who_o in_o the_o roman_a empire_n the_o praefectus_fw-la praetorio_fw-la be_v the_o chief_a have_v authority_n above_o all_o other_o officer_n to_o who_o also_o every_o one_o do_v appeal_v to_o this_o praetor_n or_o praefect_n we_o may_v compare_v the_o grand_a mayor_n du_fw-fr pallais_n in_o france_n who_o in_o time_n past_a do_v in_o that_o kingdom_n bear_v chief_a office_n to_o he_o also_o in_o some_o sort_n we_o may_v resemble_v the_o high_a seneschal_n of_o england_n under_o king_n william_n the_o conqueror_n and_o other_o king_n his_o successor_n these_o magistrate_n may_v therefore_o be_v reasonable_o call_v illustrissimi_fw-la chief_v in_o the_o king_n absence_n for_o sure_a it_o be_v that_o in_o presence_n of_o the_o king_n all_o power_n of_o magistrate_n and_o commissioner_n also_o do_v cease_v for_o during_o that_o time_n they_o have_v no_o authority_n of_o commandment_n either_o over_o other_o subject_n or_o other_o officer_n their_o inferior_n but_o this_o mighty_a magistrate_n be_v no_o more_o either_o in_o england_n or_o france_n yet_o during_o their_o authority_n they_o be_v call_v illustrissmi_n which_o title_n signify_v a_o certain_a preeminencie_n above_o all_o magistrate_n that_o be_v illustres_fw-la either_o honorarij_fw-la or_o administrantes_fw-la nam_fw-la accidentia_fw-la denominant_fw-la subiectum_fw-la next_o to_o these_o illustrissimi_fw-la or_o maximi_fw-la the_o chief_a place_n of_o precedency_n be_v due_a unto_o those_o who_o we_o call_v illustres_fw-la and_o among_o they_o the_o l._n chancellor_n be_v chief_a etiam_fw-la in_o dignitate_fw-la impari_fw-la as_o one_o who_o excellent_a virtue_n ought_v be_v prefer_v before_o all_o other_o officer_n likewise_o the_o lord_n high_a constable_n or_o lord_n martial_n be_v a_o magistrate_n illust._n the_o lord_n treasurer_n admiral_n of_o england_n the_o lord_n chamberlain_n and_o all_o other_o of_o the_o king_n privy_a council_n may_v assume_v the_o title_n of_o person_n illust._n or_o as_o we_o common_o call_v they_o right_a honourable_a so_o say_v cass._n it_o seem_v also_o that_o doctor_n who_o have_v read_v in_o school_n the_o space_n of_o twenty_o year_n may_v be_v call_v illustrissimi_fw-la as_o purpuratus_fw-la note_v to_o these_o illust._n or_o right_a honourable_a personage_n the_o law_n imperial_a have_v grant_v many_o great_a privilege_n as_o the_o same_o barthol_n discourse_v after_o these_o the_o magistrate_n who_o we_o former_o call_v spectabiles_fw-la and_o may_v in_o our_o tongue_n be_v term_v honourable_a ought_v to_o follow_v as_o commander_n in_o arm_n judge_n governor_n or_o lieutenant_n general_n of_o province_n and_o city_n etc._n etc._n the_o four_o place_n appertain_v to_o they_o that_o ancient_o be_v name_v clarissimi_fw-it or_o right_o worshipful_a who_o be_v inferior_a justicer_n and_o minister_n colonel_n captain_n and_o mean_a officer_n etc._n etc._n last_o be_v they_o who_o the_o roman_n entitle_v infimi_fw-la and_o in_o english_a worshipful_a as_o captain_n of_o particular_a castle_n judge_n in_o town_n corporate_a where_o no_o action_n be_v triable_a above_o 3000_o shilling_n note_v here_o that_o every_o magistrate_n be_v a_o officer_n but_o every_o officer_n be_v not_o a_o magistrate_n and_o of_o all_o magistrate_n the_o lord_n chancellor_n have_v ever_o have_v precedence_n not_o only_o in_o england_n and_o france_n but_o of_o all_o anciencie_n in_o every_o other_o place_n for_o read_v we_o may_v that_o eginardus_n who_o write_v the_o life_n of_o carolus_n magnus_n be_v his_o chancellor_n likewise_o tribonianus_n be_v chancellor_n unto_o the_o emperor_n justinian_n josaphat_n be_v chancellor_n to_o king_n david_n 2._o of_o king_n vlpianus_n to_o the_o emperor_n alexander_n seneca_n to_o nero_n and_o in_o france_n the_o chancellor_n have_v so_o great_a pre-eminence_n as_o he_o precede_v the_o constable_n unless_o he_o be_v the_o king_n brother_n or_o his_o son_n for_o the_o better_a memory_n of_o the_o degree_n aforesaid_a lucas_n de_fw-fr penna_fw-la speak_v of_o titular_a dignity_n have_v leave_v these_o verse_n underwritten_a illustris_fw-la primus_fw-la medius_fw-la spectabilis_fw-la imus_fw-la ut_fw-la lex_fw-la testatur_fw-la clarissimus_fw-la esse_fw-la probatur_fw-la et_fw-la superillustris_fw-la praeponitur_fw-la omnibus_fw-la istis_fw-la chap._n 21._o of_o officer_n and_o their_o precedency_n officer_n serve_v prince_n be_v of_o diverse_a sort_n among_o which_o some_o do_v attend_v the_o prince_n person_n other_o have_v charge_n of_o his_o treasure_n some_o be_v minister_n of_o justice_n and_o some_o be_v commander_n in_o war_n for_o the_o better_a conceive_v of_o our_o intention_n therefore_o and_o the_o order_n of_o that_o which_o
honour_n military_a and_o civil_a contain_v in_o four_o book_n viz._n 1._o justice_n and_o jurisdiction_n military_a 2._o knighthood_n in_o general_a and_o particular_a 3._o combat_n for_o life_n and_o triumph_n 4._o precedency_n of_o great_a estate_n and_o other_o ¶_o imprint_v at_o london_n by_o robert_n barker_n printer_n to_o the_o queen_n most_o excellent_a majesty_n anno_fw-la dom._n 1602._o to_o the_o most_o high_a most_o mighty_a and_o most_o excellent_a sovereign_n princess_n elizabeth_n by_o the_o grace_n of_o god_n queen_n of_o england_n france_n and_o ireland_n defender_n of_o the_o faith_n etc._n etc._n consider_v most_o sacred_a and_o most_o mighty_a princess_n that_o the_o duty_n of_o every_o subject_n be_v not_o only_o to_o obey_v but_o also_o to_o the_o uttermost_a of_o his_o power_n in_o his_o degree_n and_o quality_n to_o advance_v the_o honour_n of_o his_o prince_n and_o country_n i_o have_v according_a to_o my_o poor_a talon_n endeavour_v in_o discharge_n of_o my_o duty_n for_o the_o place_n of_o service_n which_o i_o hold_v under_o your_o majesty_n by_o your_o most_o gracious_a favour_n to_o frame_v these_o discourse_n concern_v arm_n honour_n and_o the_o princely_a magnificence_n of_o your_o majesty_n court_n a_o subject_a proper_a to_o armorist_n and_o man_n of_o my_o profession_n not_o handle_v heretofore_o in_o our_o english_a by_o they_o or_o any_o other_o to_o my_o knowledge_n yet_o fit_a to_o be_v know_v of_o all_o noble_a and_o worthy_a personage_n be_v persuade_v that_o as_o your_o majesty_n have_v be_v a_o mirror_n to_o all_o the_o world_n for_o excellent_a gift_n of_o mind_n person_n and_o fortune_n so_o your_o reign_n most_o happy_a both_o for_o victorious_a arm_n and_o flourish_a art_n which_o shall_v remain_v glorious_a to_o all_o posterity_n may_v haply_o receive_v some_o honourable_a note_n from_o hence_o which_o i_o most_o hearty_o desire_v as_o the_o chief_a scope_n of_o my_o dessein_fw-fr and_o so_o most_o humble_o beseech_v your_o majesty_n to_o vouchsafe_v that_o your_o poor_a servant_n may_v in_o all_o duty_n and_o humble_a devotion_n prostrate_v himself_o and_o his_o labour_n at_o your_o most_o sacred_a foot_n i_o beseech_v the_o almighty_a god_n to_o grant_v your_o majesty_n to_o exceed_v all_o other_o prince_n in_o length_n of_o life_n in_o perfect_a health_n in_o prosperous_a reign_n and_o all_o felicity_n your_o majesty_n most_o humble_a and_o obedient_a servant_n w._n segar_n norroy_n t._n b._n to_o the_o reader_n the_o principal_a mark_n whereat_o every_o man_n endeavour_n in_o this_o life_n aim_v be_v either_o profit_n or_o honour_n the_o one_o proper_a to_o vulgar_a people_n and_o man_n of_o inferior_a fortune_n the_o other_o due_a to_o person_n of_o better_a birth_n and_o generous_a disposition_n for_o as_o the_o former_a by_o pain_n and_o parsimony_n do_v only_o labour_v to_o become_v rich_a so_o the_o other_o by_o military_a skill_n or_o knowledge_n in_o civil_a government_n aspire_v to_o honour_n and_o humane_a glory_n whereof_o this_o book_n chief_o entreat_v and_o enform_v all_o gentleman_n and_o soldier_n not_o only_o what_o commendation_n and_o prize_n belong_v to_o valorous_a desert_n but_o likewise_o what_o penalty_n and_o punishment_n appertain_v to_o disloyalty_n and_o arm_n abuse_v therewith_o also_o be_v discourse_v what_o dignity_n and_o honourable_a degree_n accompany_v martial_a merit_n what_o order_n have_v be_v observe_v in_o public_a combat_n and_o princely_a triumph_n both_o ancient_a and_o modern_a what_o place_n be_v due_a to_o noble_a personage_n aswell_o man_n as_o woman_n and_o to_o some_o other_o also_o according_a to_o their_o sex_n age_n office_n or_o place_n of_o service_n with_o diverse_a other_o thing_n whereof_o worthy_a gentleman_n desire_v to_o be_v inform_v this_o work_n with_o much_o labour_n compile_v and_o not_o without_o great_a cost_n and_o care_n now_o imprint_v be_v according_a to_o order_n by_o learned_a censure_n allow_v and_o by_o the_o honourable_a approbation_n of_o the_o right_n noble_a earl_n of_o nottingham_n the_o most_o ancient_a and_o most_o honourable_a commander_n in_o arm_n of_o this_o kingdom_n and_o chief_a knight_n of_o the_o order_n favourable_o admit_v and_o recommend_v the_o imitation_n of_o who_o virtue_n and_o valour_n and_o the_o excellent_a action_n of_o other_o worthy_a man_n mention_v in_o this_o book_n may_v reasonable_o incite_v all_o young_a gentleman_n to_o employ_v their_o time_n in_o study_n of_o moral_a and_o military_a virtue_n thereby_o to_o become_v serviceable_a to_o their_o prince_n profitable_a to_o their_o country_n and_o worthy_a of_o all_o honourable_a estimation_n and_o advancement_n vale._n ¶_o the_o content_n of_o the_o first_o book_n the_o prooeme_n cap._n 1._o military_a justice_n and_o the_o original_n thereof_o cap._n 2._o of_o war_n and_o the_o cause_n thereof_o caâ—_n 3._o of_o soldier_n cap._n 4._o how_o soul._n do_v ancient_o take_v oath_n ca._n 5_o what_o sort_n of_o man_n ought_v to_o be_v repute_v soldier_n etc._n etc._n cap._n 6._o of_o young_a soldier_n call_v tyrones_n ca._n 7._o of_o old_a sell_v call_v veterani_fw-la cap._n 8._o of_o soldier_n call_v emeriti_fw-la cap._n 9_o of_o crime_n military_a in_o general_n cap._n 10._o of_o treason_n and_o traitor_n cap._n 11._o of_o disobedience_n cap._n 12._o of_o cowardice_n cap._n 13._o of_o other_o military_a crime_n cap._n 14._o of_o punishment_n pecuniary_a cap._n 15._o of_o degrade_n of_o soldier_n cap._n 16._o punishment_n military_a cap._n 17._o of_o wage_n and_o pay_v cap._n 18._o restitution_n of_o sell_v good_n cap._n 19_o of_o donative_n or_o reward_n cap._n 20._o of_o apparel_n cap._n 21._o of_o hostage_n cap._n 22._o restitution_n of_o sell_v person_n cap._n 23._o privilege_n ancient_o grant_v unto_o soldier_n cap._n 24._o of_o cassation_n and_o dismission_n cap._n 25._o of_o justice_n appertain_v unto_o war_n offensive_a cap._n 26._o of_o justice_n appertain_v to_o war_n defensive_a cap._n 27._o of_o peace_n cap._n 28._o of_o licence_n and_o passport_n cap._n 29._o of_o ambassador_n or_o legate_n cap._n 30._o of_o prisoner_n take_v by_o the_o enemy_n c._n 31._o of_o rescue_v of_o prisoner_n cap._n 32._o of_o enemy_n cap._n 33._o of_o immunity_n military_a cap._n 34._o of_o captain_n general_n etc._n etc._n cap._n 35._o of_o honour_n military_a and_o civil_a contain_v five_o part_n chap._n 1_o ¶_o the_o prooeme_n forsomuch_o as_o the_o life_n of_o man_n hold_v on_o a_o traveiler_n course_n continual_o as_o it_o be_v under_o sail_n either_o in_o the_o calm_a of_o peace_n or_o the_o tempestuous_a sea_n of_o war_n it_o behove_v every_o well_o govern_v common_a weal_n to_o be_v prepare_v for_o the_o one_o and_o the_o other_o which_o move_v wise_a prince_n and_o magistrate_n not_o only_o to_o devise_v law_n how_o man_n may_v sieve_n peaceable_o but_o also_o to_o prepare_v arm_n both_o defen_n sieve_n against_o foreign_a invasion_n and_o corrective_a against_o domestical_a insurrection_n it_o therefore_o seem_v expedient_a to_o conjoin_v good_a law_n unto_o arm_n the_o one_o command_v the_o other_o to_o execute_v yet_o because_o they_o be_v in_o nature_n diverse_a or_o rather_o contrary_a it_o proove_v a_o matter_n of_o much_o difficulty_n for_o well_o we_o see_v between_o equity_n and_o force_n be_v no_o proportion_n law_n be_v friend_n to_o peace_n and_o rest_n but_o war_n be_v always_o accompany_v with_o man_n of_o audacious_a sudden_a and_o severe_a spirit_n the_o philosopher_n and_o wise_a lawmaker_n therefore_o have_v endeavour_v more_o to_o make_v such_o war_n as_o may_v assure_v peace_n then_o to_o enjoy_v such_o peace_n as_o may_v not_o be_v able_a to_o withstand_v war_n justinianus_n desire_v to_o unite_v law_n and_o arm_n authorize_v one_o officer_n to_o command_v both_o martial_o and_o civil_o who_o be_v call_v praetor_n and_o so_o the_o roman_n continue_v that_o name_n for_o their_o general_n of_o war_n his_o office_n be_v mix_v both_o of_o authority_n martial_n and_o civil_a it_o seem_v therefore_o that_o as_o our_o body_n can_v without_o sinew_n and_o blood_n be_v strong_a so_o the_o war_n without_o aid_n of_o law_n and_o equity_n may_v not_o endure_v which_o move_v wise_a man_n of_o former_a age_n to_o be_v persuade_v that_o prudence_n and_o power_n ought_v never_o to_o be_v disjoin_v of_o which_o opinion_n the_o ancient_a poet_n horace_n seem_v to_o be_v say_v vis_fw-fr expers_fw-la consilij_fw-la mole_n rvit_fw-la sva_fw-la the_o same_o reason_n induce_v learned_a writer_n to_o commend_v valiant_a captain_n and_o wise_a counsellor_n joint_o and_o as_o it_o be_v in_o one_o and_o the_o self_n same_o rank_n with_o croesus_n they_o couple_v solon_n with_o simonides_n pausanias_n pericles_n with_o anaxagoras_n the_o poet_n likewise_o in_o their_o work_n do_v praise_n agamemnon_n with_o nestor_n diomedes_n with_o ulysses_n meaning_n to_o mix_v force_n with_o policy_n and_o civil_a law_n with_o power_n and_o arm_n the_o king_n of_o
payment_n the_o emperor_n call_v both_o for_o the_o traitor_n and_o the_o payer_n cause_v the_o traitor_n to_o be_v put_v out_o of_o the_o door_n say_v that_o false_a workman_n must_v be_v pay_v with_o false_a coin_n chap._n 12._o ¶_o of_o disobedience_n touch_v contumacy_n or_o disobedience_n the_o law_n determine_v that_o whosoever_o resuse_v or_o omit_v to_o execute_v that_o which_o the_o general_n command_v or_o do_v what_o he_o forbid_v death_n aught_o to_o be_v punish_v by_o pass_v the_o pike_n yea_o though_o he_o have_v effect_v what_o he_o will_v which_o rule_n the_o roman_n observe_v precise_o as_o appear_v by_o the_o justice_n of_o lucius_n papirius_n the_o dictator_n in_o flicted_a upon_o fabius_n rutilianus_n general_n of_o the_o horse_n although_o he_o be_v victorious_a and_o have_v slay_v twenty_o thousand_o samnite_n likewise_o by_o the_o judgement_n of_o torquatus_n against_o his_o son_n have_v contrary_a to_o his_o commandment_n fight_v with_o the_o tusculan_n and_o gain_v victory_n be_v nevertheless_o behead_v therefore_o it_o remain_v as_o a_o rule_n that_o not_o only_a breach_n of_o commandment_n but_o also_o simple_a contumacy_n be_v a_o offence_n capital_a if_o the_o same_o be_v apparent_a yea_o sometime_o omission_n of_o due_a respect_n be_v criminal_a though_o not_o ever_o capital_a as_o if_o a_o man_n with_o order_n do_v enter_v into_o a_o place_n guard_v or_o pass_v out_o by_o any_o other_o way_n than_o that_o which_o the_o general_n have_v appoint_v another_o point_n of_o disobedience_n it_o be_v not_o to_o go_v unto_o the_o army_n be_v call_v or_o without_o licence_n to_o depart_v from_o thence_o for_o that_o be_v indeed_o a_o apparent_a contempt_n and_o by_o the_o roman_n punish_v with_o death_n omnis_fw-la contumacia_fw-la adversus_fw-la ducem_fw-la capite_fw-la punienda_fw-la est_fw-la posthumius_fw-la triburtius_fw-la command_v aulus_n posthumius_fw-la to_o be_v put_v to_o death_n for_o vanquish_a the_o enemy_n without_o his_o commission_n and_o aulus_n fuluius_n for_o go_v to_o fight_v uncommand_v condemn_v his_o son_n to_o die_v yet_o the_o egyptian_n make_v a_o law_n that_o captain_n and_o soldier_n for_o disobedience_n shall_v not_o be_v put_v to_o death_n but_o remain_v infamous_a until_o by_o some_o notable_a service_n their_o reputation_n be_v rccover_v arrius_n make_v a_o law_n that_o if_o a_o man_n do_v wound_v his_o fellow_n soldier_n though_o it_o be_v with_o a_o stone_n he_o ought_v to_o be_v cass_v it_o it_o be_v with_o a_o sword_n to_o loose_v his_o life_n the_o like_a be_v decree_v by_o kanutus_n king_n of_o denmark_n chap._n 13._o of_o cowardice_n it_o seem_v that_o all_o military_a offence_n may_v be_v comprise_v in_o three_o viz._n cowardice_n treason_n and_o disobedience_n yet_o will_v we_o speak_v more_o particular_o touch_v the_o first_o easy_o may_v it_o be_v conceive_v that_o cowardice_n be_v the_o cause_n and_o occasion_n of_o many_o other_o transgression_n for_o who_o so_o be_v irresolute_a or_o apt_a to_o entertain_v fear_n be_v also_o soon_o persuade_v to_o save_v himself_o with_o dishonour_n by_o cowardice_n soldier_n do_v forsake_v their_o rank_n and_o sometime_o abandon_v their_o ensign_n which_o fault_n the_o roman_n punish_v with_o death_n it_o be_v long_o since_o by_o a_o edict_n command_v in_o france_n that_o whosoever_o do_v forsake_v his_o colour_n or_o the_o rank_n wherein_o he_o be_v place_v shall_v receive_v punishment_n by_o pass_v the_o pike_n another_o kind_n of_o cowardice_n be_v to_o fain_a sickness_n or_o without_o leave_n to_o be_v absent_a from_o the_o army_n he_o be_v also_o culpable_a of_o that_o crime_n that_o leave_v his_o place_n of_o stand_v upon_o the_o wall_n during_o the_o assault_n or_o shall_v abandon_v the_o trench_n yet_o true_a it_o be_v if_o any_o such_o fault_n be_v commit_v at_o any_o other_o time_n then_o during_o the_o assault_n the_o same_o be_v not_o absolute_o capital_a but_o be_v arbitrable_a it_o have_v be_v also_o ancient_o use_v that_o if_o a_o soldier_n without_o lawful_a excuse_n do_v go_v from_o the_o watch_n or_o office_n of_o scout_n or_o any_o other_o service_n allot_v unto_o he_o by_o the_o sergeant_n that_o then_o he_o shall_v be_v judge_v to_o pass_v the_o pike_n or_o harquebuzy_n according_a to_o that_o kind_n of_o weapon_n wherewith_o he_o serve_v and_o if_o many_o soldier_n as_o a_o whole_a ensign_n or_o troop_n do_v commit_v that_o crime_n the_o roman_a use_n be_v to_o execute_v every_o ten_o man_n in_o presence_n of_o the_o rest_n to_o the_o end_n the_o pain_n may_v fall_v upon_o few_o and_o the_o terror_n to_o all_o and_o in_o such_o case_n of_o cowardice_n the_o general_n ought_v to_o be_v inexorable_a because_o severity_n do_v make_v a_o army_n invincible_a the_o experience_n whereof_o be_v see_v when_o spartacus_n defeat_v the_o roman_n conduct_v by_o crassus_n for_o present_o upon_o that_o dishonour_n crassus_n command_v a_o decimation_n and_o put_v to_o death_n a_o ten_o man_n in_o every_o legion_n for_o not_o have_v fight_v manful_o that_o be_v do_v he_o begin_v to_o fight_v anew_o and_o albeit_o the_o number_n of_o roman_n be_v diminish_v yet_o be_v they_o victorious_a and_o cut_v the_o enemy_n in_o piece_n but_o here_o be_v to_o be_v note_v that_o of_o flee_v there_o be_v two_o sort_n the_o one_o proceed_v of_o a_o sudden_a and_o unlooked_a for_o terror_n which_o be_v least_o unblamable_a the_o other_o be_v voluntary_a and_o as_o it_o be_v a_o determinate_a intention_n to_o give_v place_n unto_o the_o enemy_n a_o fault_n exceed_v foul_a and_o not_o excusable_a chap._n 14._o of_o other_o military_a crime_n beside_o these_o crime_n former_o touch_v many_o other_o there_o be_v that_o merit_n severe_a punishment_n and_o chief_o to_o abandon_v the_o army_n and_o flee_v to_o the_o enemy_n for_o what_o injury_n can_v be_v great_a or_o what_o offence_n more_o foul_a in_o a_o soldier_n then_o be_v instruct_v train_v and_o well_o entertain_v to_o employ_v his_o virtue_n in_o service_n of_o a_o enemy_n this_o crime_n be_v therefore_o in_o ancient_a time_n grievous_o punish_v and_o the_o great_a the_o quality_n be_v of_o he_o that_o do_v offend_v the_o more_o be_v the_o punishment_n inflict_v yet_o do_v we_o not_o find_v any_o particular_a pain_n ascribe_v to_o this_o offence_n but_o leave_v to_o discretion_n of_o the_o general_n nevertheless_o in_o that_o case_n it_o shall_v not_o be_v amiss_o to_o imitate_v the_o ancient_a proceed_n of_o ancient_a chieftain_n the_o roman_n therefore_o for_o punishment_n of_o the_o brutij_fw-la who_o flee_v unto_o hannibal_n protest_v they_o to_o be_v from_o thenceforth_o neither_o soldier_n nor_o companion_n in_o arm_n but_o person_n ignominious_a and_o servant_n unto_o the_o army_n and_o when_o cyrus_n intercept_v a_o letter_n which_o one_o of_o his_o captain_n call_v orontes_n have_v write_v offer_v to_o serve_v the_o enemy_n with_o a_o company_n of_o horse_n cyrus_n assemble_v the_o leader_n and_o in_o their_o presence_n condemn_v orontes_n to_o death_n fredericus_fw-la the_o second_o possess_v the_o kingdom_n of_o naples_n be_v by_o his_o son_n henry_n abandon_v and_o be_v with_o the_o enemy_n he_o pardon_v he_o yet_o with_o condition_n he_o shall_v confine_v himself_o to_o the_o bound_n of_o apulia_n until_o his_o father_n return_v from_o germany_n during_o which_o time_n henry_n practise_v some_o other_o innovation_n and_o therefore_o be_v put_v in_o prison_n and_o in_o the_o end_n suffer_v death_n elfricus_n a_o chief_a leader_n under_o etheldred_n king_n of_o england_n pretend_v to_o do_v service_n flee_v unto_o the_o dane_n but_o the_o war_n be_v end_v he_o return_v unto_o his_o prince_n desire_v his_o life_n which_o with_o difficulty_n he_o obtain_v yet_o do_v the_o king_n command_v his_o eye_n shall_v be_v put_v out_o to_o these_o offender_n we_o may_v add_v all_o such_o as_o secret_o do_v relieve_v the_o enemy_n with_o counsel_n money_n meat_n or_o by_o any_o other_o mean_v whatsoever_o in_o which_o case_n the_o emperor_n constantius_n decree_v that_o if_o a_o soldier_n captain_n or_o leader_n do_v utter_v any_o word_n sign_n or_o voice_n to_o encourage_v the_o enemy_n that_o for_o so_o do_v he_o shall_v be_v tie_v in_o chain_n and_o as_o a_o beast_n be_v lead_v whersoever_o the_o army_n go_v of_o this_o kind_n we_o may_v account_v two_o other_o sort_n of_o man_n who_o the_o roman_n call_v emansores_fw-la &_o desertores_fw-la they_o name_v he_o desertor_n that_o go_v from_o the_o army_n and_o do_v not_o only_o secret_o depart_v but_o stay_v long_o with_o the_o enemy_n as_o one_o intend_v never_o to_o return_v but_o emansor_n be_v he_o that_o without_o licence_n go_v away_o and_o very_o short_o do_v come_v again_o and_o therefore_o his_o offence_n repute_v the_o less_o this_o error_n be_v most_o common_o find_v in_o young_a soldier_n who_o we_o call_v tyrones_n neither_o
be_v they_o to_o be_v all_o punish_v alike_o but_o the_o judge_n be_v to_o examine_v the_o circumstance_n of_o the_o cause_n the_o law_n will_v that_o who_o so_o be_v find_v a_o desertor_n in_o war_n be_v to_o be_v capital_o punish_v whether_o he_o be_v horseman_n or_o soldier_n on_o foot_n but_o if_o a_o horseman_n do_v prove_v a_o desertor_n in_o peace_n he_o thereby_o forfeit_v his_o degree_n or_o if_o he_o be_v a_o footman_n he_o lose_v his_o pay_n if_o such_o a_o offender_n be_v find_v in_o the_o city_n he_o incur_v the_o loss_n of_o his_o head_n but_o be_v elsewhere_o find_v and_o that_o the_o first_o fault_n he_o may_v be_v restore_v but_o offend_v the_o second_o time_n shall_v loose_v his_o life_n he_o that_o to_o this_o fault_n shall_v add_v any_o other_o ought_v be_v the_o more_o sharp_o punish_v and_o have_v so_o offend_v he_o shall_v be_v in_o case_n as_o if_o he_o have_v be_v twice_o a_o desertor_n to_o this_o kind_n of_o offence_n in_o diverse_a age_n and_o by_o diverse_a prince_n diverse_a penalty_n be_v appoint_v the_o spartan_n repulse_v such_o man_n from_o be_v capable_a of_o any_o office_n and_o to_o live_v ever_o unmarried_a also_o to_o give_v place_n to_o all_o other_o man_n and_o have_v the_o one_o side_n of_o their_o beard_n shave_v auidius_fw-la the_o usurper_n command_v that_o some_o shall_v have_v their_o hand_n cut_v off_o and_o other_o their_o leg_n break_v david_n king_n of_o scot_n and_o second_o of_o that_o name_n be_v force_v to_o flee_v his_o kingdom_n at_o his_o return_n as_o one_o mindful_a of_o those_o that_o abandon_v he_o in_o time_n of_o danger_n cause_v all_o chieftain_n and_o captain_n to_o pay_v money_n and_o will_v have_v disinherit_v robert_n stewart_n who_o be_v before_o name_v his_o heir_n also_o for_o a_o example_n to_o posterity_n he_o impose_v a_o pecuniary_a punishment_n upon_o all_o those_o that_o do_v abandon_v their_o king_n in_o fight_n another_o sort_n of_o fugitive_n be_v they_o that_o be_v take_v prisoner_n will_v not_o return_v although_o so_o they_o may_v of_o which_o number_n some_o do_v only_o rest_v with_o the_o enemy_n and_o other_o do_v take_v part_n and_o fight_v on_o his_o side_n which_o be_v a_o offence_n of_o great_a importance_n paulus_n the_o civilian_n write_v that_o such_o offender_n shall_v be_v either_o burn_v alive_a or_o hang_v vlpianus_n will_v have_v they_o also_o burn_v king_n or_o rather_o as_o some_o report_n he_o be_v not_o execute_v by_o the_o king_n for_o leave_v he_o but_o by_o the_o factious_a lord_n for_o adhere_v firm_o to_o the_o king_n nicholas_n brembre_v a_o alderman_n of_o london_n at_o a_o battle_n in_o essex_n or_o near_o oxford_n as_o other_o say_v flee_v from_o king_n richard_n the_o second_o and_o after_o be_v find_v in_o wales_n be_v bring_v from_o thence_o to_o london_n where_o he_o be_v public_o put_v to_o death_n also_o at_o the_o siege_n of_o capua_n seven_o hundred_o fugitive_n be_v take_v beat_v with_o rod_n and_o their_o hand_n cut_v off_o by_o these_o example_n appear_v that_o no_o certain_a punishment_n be_v inflict_v for_o this_o offence_n to_o these_o we_o may_v add_v all_o seditious_a person_n who_o desirous_a of_o innovation_n do_v attempt_v diverse_a enterprise_n to_o move_v mutiny_n or_o rebellion_n these_o sedition_n be_v most_o common_o in_o army_n compose_v of_o diverse_a nation_n or_o where_o stranger_n be_v call_v for_o aid_n in_o cybaris_n a_o great_a number_n of_o achaian_o and_o troezenian_o do_v dwell_v quiet_o until_o the_o achei_n find_v their_o number_n the_o great_a take_v arm_n and_o expulse_v the_o troezeni_fw-la in_o constantinople_n likewise_o the_o stranger_n do_v conspire_v to_o oppress_v the_o citizen_n but_o in_o a_o battle_n be_v all_o force_a to_o fly_v also_o after_o the_o suppression_n of_o the_o tyrant_n in_o syracuse_n the_o stranger_n and_o hire_a soldier_n fall_v into_o great_a dissension_n for_o reformation_n of_o this_o fault_n julius_n caesar_n be_v to_o be_v follow_v who_o find_v such_o a_o mischief_n to_o arise_v clear_v the_o army_n of_o all_o busy_a head_n swear_v the_o soldier_n and_o at_o the_o beginning_n repress_v the_o sedition_n modestinus_n the_o doctor_n do_v give_v counsel_n that_o whosoever_o do_v begin_v any_o mutiny_n shall_v loose_v his_o life_n if_o the_o sedition_n be_v dangerous_a but_o be_v of_o less_o moment_n the_o beginner_n thereof_o shall_v be_v cass_v the_o law_n of_o naples_n command_v that_o soldier_n or_o other_o move_v any_o sedition_n shall_v forfeit_v both_o life_n and_o good_n trebonius_z a_o chief_a conspiratour_n against_o caesar_n be_v put_v to_o death_n by_o dolabella_n and_o marinas_n phalerius_n duke_n of_o venice_n for_o conspire_v against_o that_o state_n be_v behead_v yet_o in_o some_o place_n and_o time_n the_o punishment_n of_o these_o offence_n be_v only_o pecuniall_a or_o infamy_n another_o crime_n of_o great_a consequence_n it_o be_v to_o yield_v up_o or_o abandon_v a_o place_n of_o strength_n or_o depart_v from_o a_o stand_v give_v in_o charge_n for_o by_o the_o roman_a law_n those_o crime_n be_v ever_o account_v capital_a it_o be_v likewise_o capital_a for_o fear_v of_o a_o enemy_n to_o forsake_v the_o trench_n the_o wall_n or_o other_o place_n to_o be_v defend_v therefore_o augustus_n caesar_n cause_v certain_a captain_n have_v abandon_v a_o place_n upon_o pain_n of_o death_n to_o recover_v it_o modestinus_n say_v that_o he_o who_o leave_v his_o place_n of_o watch_n or_o ward_n be_v to_o be_v repute_v worse_a than_o a_o emansor_n and_o consequent_o for_o such_o a_o fault_n to_o be_v punish_v or_o at_o the_o least_o be_v discharge_v his_o service_n and_o he_o that_o forsake_v the_o trench_n incur_v the_o same_o penalty_n though_o the_o enemy_n do_v make_v no_o approach_n but_o if_o the_o enemy_n be_v at_o hand_n than_o so_o to_o do_v be_v capital_a every_o man_n may_v read_v that_o appius_n claudius_n send_v certain_a band_n against_o the_o volses_n and_o they_o abandon_v their_o rank_n be_v beat_v with_o rod_n and_o after_o execute_v which_o proceed_v seem_v extreme_a and_o therefore_o in_o like_a case_n some_o few_o have_v be_v put_v to_o death_n to_o terrify_v the_o rest_n antonius_n lead_v a_o army_n against_o the_o parthian_n execute_v only_o every_o ten_o man_n of_o those_o that_o first_o do_v run_v away_o the_o like_a be_v do_v by_o appius_n claudius_n in_o the_o war_n against_o the_o volses_n put_v a_o few_o of_o those_o soldier_n to_o death_n that_o first_o abandon_v their_o ensign_n caius_n caesar_n according_a to_o the_o law_n of_o petreius_n at_o suit_n of_o the_o legion_n do_v put_v to_o death_n only_o twelve_o person_n that_o be_v the_o chief_a moover_n of_o sedition_n so_o great_a be_v his_o mercy_n nevertheless_o the_o use_n be_v ever_o to_o put_v he_o to_o death_n that_o do_v flee_v first_o it_o be_v say_v that_o epaminondas_n walk_v the_o round_a where_o the_o watch_n be_v set_v happen_v to_o find_v a_o soldier_n fast_o asleep_a who_o forth_o with_o he_o slay_v with_o his_o sword_n say_v as_o he_o find_v he_o so_o he_o leave_v he_o the_o like_a penalty_n do_v they_o incur_v that_o sleep_n or_o depart_v from_o their_o place_n of_o watch_n which_o move_v epaminondas_n to_o account_v a_o soldier_n sleep_v like_o a_o man_n without_o life_n by_o the_o law_n military_a it_o be_v provide_v that_o if_o any_o soldier_n do_v loose_v his_o arm_n or_o sell_v they_o he_o shall_v for_o so_o do_v be_v capital_o punish_v or_o at_o the_o least_o disable_v to_o bear_v arm_n at_o the_o discretion_n of_o the_o judge_n or_o if_o any_o soldier_n do_v cast_v away_o his_o arm_n and_o not_o defend_v himself_o against_o the_o enemy_n shall_v thereby_o incur_v infamy_n the_o old_a roman_n repute_v he_o worthy_a to_o receive_v a_o bastonado_v that_o abandon_v his_o ensign_n the_o like_a punishment_n they_o think_v due_a to_o he_o that_o do_v forsake_v the_o general_n if_o any_o captain_n do_v flee_v from_o his_o company_n or_o any_o ensign-bearer_n do_v let_v fall_v his_o colour_n he_o be_v behead_v or_o beat_v to_o death_n with_o cudgel_n appius_n claudius_n be_v send_v against_o the_o volses_n cause_v certain_a ensigne-bearer_n for_o lose_v their_o colour_n and_o other_o that_o flee_v out_o of_o their_o rank_n to_o be_v beat_v with_o rod_n paulus_n the_o doctor_n hold_v it_o a_o great_a fault_n for_o any_o soldier_n to_o sell_v his_o arm_n yet_o seem_v he_o less_o culpable_a than_o the_o former_a but_o that_o kind_a of_o crime_n be_v think_v equal_a unto_o desertion_n and_o whether_o he_o sell_v all_o or_o part_n of_o his_o arm_n the_o fault_n be_v one_o yet_o that_o doctor_n make_v this_o difference_n viz._n he_o that_o sell_v his_o greaves_n or_o his_o powldron_n be_v aught_o to_o be_v beat_v but_o who_o so_o sell_v
matter_n credible_a let_v we_o therefore_o say_v no_o more_o of_o matter_n so_o long_o before_o our_o day_n and_o begin_v with_o action_n notable_a perform_v by_o man_n of_o our_o own_o country_n and_o they_o for_o the_o most_o part_n person_n of_o such_o quality_n as_o be_v not_o force_v with_o distress_n but_o with_o desire_n to_o advance_v the_o honour_n of_o their_o country_n we_o read_v in_o author_n worthy_a credit_n that_o at_o one_o time_n twenty_o thousand_o soldier_n of_o this_o most_o noble_a island_n then_o call_v great_a britain_n traveil_v from_o hence_o unto_o judea_n and_o under_o the_o emperor_n vespasian_n and_o titus_n serve_v at_o the_o siege_n and_o sack_n of_o jerusalem_n the_o like_a enterprise_n be_v long_o after_o take_v in_o hand_n by_o king_n richard_n the_o first_o who_o in_o his_o own_o person_n traveil_v to_o recover_v the_o same_o city_n from_o the_o saracen_n the_o voyage_n and_o marueile_n which_o sir_n john_n mandevile_n report_v be_v account_v of_o many_o man_n rather_o fable_n than_o report_v of_o truth_n yet_o of_o late_a year_n some_o sailor_n even_o of_o our_o own_o nation_n have_v find_v by_o experience_n they_o ought_v not_o to_o be_v discredit_v who_o will_v have_v think_v it_o possible_a to_o pass_v secure_o into_o syria_n persia_n media_n and_o other_o far_a country_n in_o the_o east_n and_o southeast_n until_o m._n anthony_n jenkinson_n a_o gentleman_n yet_o live_v and_o worthy_a belief_n perform_v those_o and_o other_o right_n notable_a voyage_n it_o be_v also_o certain_a that_o thomas_n windhame_n a_o gentleman_n well_o bear_v and_o worshipful_o descend_v sail_v from_o thence_o to_o guinea_n and_o the_o kingdom_n of_o benin_n and_o since_o that_o time_n captain_n fenner_n perform_v the_o same_o journey_n so_o far_o as_o the_o land_n of_o capo_n verde_v all_o which_o voyage_n with_o many_o other_o be_v make_v by_o prince_n or_o person_n of_o reputation_n towards_o the_o south_n and_o southeast_n the_o like_a may_v be_v say_v of_o voyage_n of_o latter_a time_n towards_o the_o north_n and_o north-east_n region_n perform_v by_o sir_n hugh_n willowby_n m._n jenkinson_n aforesaid_a m._n christopher_n burrow_n and_o other_o of_o voyage_n towards_o the_o west_n and_o southwest_n country_n who_o have_v not_o hear_v the_o navigation_n of_o sir_n john_n hawkins_n to_o brasill_n and_o the_o west_n india_n of_o roger_n bodname_n gentleman_n to_o s._n john_n vllua_o in_o the_o bay_n of_o mexico_n of_o sir_n francis_n drake_n to_o nombre_fw-fr de_fw-fr dios_fw-es sir_n martin_n furbisher_n to_o meta_fw-la incognita_fw-la sir_n humphrey_n gilbert_n to_o the_o coast_n of_o america_n sir_n richard_n greenevile_v to_o virginia_n m._n john_n davis_n gentleman_n his_o discovery_n 200._o league_n beyond_o sir_n martin_n furbisher_n to_o the_o northwest_o i_o omit_v to_o make_v mention_n of_o many_o merchant_n navigator_n and_o simple_a sailor_n of_o our_o land_n that_o have_v not_o only_o attempt_v but_o also_o perform_v marvelous_a action_n to_o vulgar_a people_n and_o unskilful_a thought_n impossible_a yet_o be_v it_o now_o public_o know_v that_o sir_n francis_n drake_n and_o after_o he_o thomas_n candish_n esquire_n a_o young_a gentleman_n scarce_o know_v to_o sailor_n within_o the_o space_n of_o two_o year_n and_o three_o month_n effect_v a_o journey_n about_o the_o globe_n of_o the_o whole_a earth_n a_o action_n no_o doubt_n worthy_a all_o admiration_n and_o such_o as_o before_o that_o time_n have_v never_o be_v perform_v here_o may_v we_o also_o insert_v how_o the_o mighty_a and_o formidable_a armada_n of_o spain_n be_v by_o her_o majesty_n navy_n conduct_v by_o the_o earl_n of_o nottingham_n vanquish_v anno_fw-la 1588._o being_n in_o foreign_a nation_n think_v unresistable_a and_o more_o late_o the_o most_o noble_a and_o resolute_a assault_n and_o sack_n of_o the_o city_n â—_o cales_n and_o other_o strong_a place_n of_o spain_n be_v execute_v by_o the_o virtue_n and_o excellent_a valour_n of_o his_o say_a lordship_n and_o the_o earl_n of_o essex_n late_o high_a marshal_n of_o england_n to_o these_o we_o may_v also_o add_v the_o late_a and_o last_o yet_o not_o the_o least_o victory_n gain_v by_o the_o noble_a earl_n of_o cumberland_n who_o by_o his_o proper_a virtue_n and_o at_o the_o particular_a charge_n of_o he_o and_o his_o friend_n assault_v and_o possess_v the_o isle_n of_o s._n john_n de_fw-fr porto_n ricco_fw-it a_o place_n both_o by_o nature_n and_o be_v repute_v impregnable_a these_o and_o other_o notable_a adventure_n and_o victory_n be_v above_o the_o common_a opinion_n of_o man_n attempt_v and_o achieve_v by_o worthy_a and_o excellent_a captain_n of_o our_o country_n and_o the_o chief_a of_o they_o within_o the_o reign_n of_o our_o sacred_a sovereign_n by_o who_o counsel_n and_o princely_a prudence_n they_o be_v begin_v and_o end_v magna_fw-la non_fw-la possumus_fw-la quia_fw-la nos_fw-la posse_fw-la non_fw-la credimus_fw-la chap._n 7._o the_o office_n and_o duty_n of_o every_o knight_n and_o gentleman_n first_o it_o behoove_v he_o to_o fear_n god_n and_o with_o all_o his_o power_n to_o maintain_v &_o defend_v the_o christian_a faith_n to_o be_v charitable_a and_o comfort_v those_o that_o be_v afflict_v to_o serve_v faithful_o and_o defend_v his_o prince_n and_o country_n courageous_o to_o forgive_v the_o folly_n and_o offence_n of_o other_o man_n and_o sincere_o embrace_v the_o love_n of_o friend_n to_o esteem_v truth_n and_o without_o respect_n maintain_v it_o to_o avoid_v sloth_n and_o superfluous_a ease_n to_o spend_v the_o time_n in_o honest_a and_o virtuous_a action_n to_o reverence_v magistrate_n and_o converse_v with_o person_n of_o honour_n to_o eschew_v riot_n and_o detest_v intemperancy_n to_o frequent_v the_o war_n and_o use_v military_a exercise_n to_o eschew_v dishonest_a pleasure_n and_o endeavour_n to_o do_v good_a unto_o other_o to_o accommodate_v himself_o to_o the_o humour_n of_o honest_a company_n and_o be_v no_o wrangler_n to_o shun_v the_o conversation_n of_o perverse_a person_n and_o behave_v himself_o modest_o to_o be_v sober_a and_o discreet_a no_o boaster_n of_o his_o own_o act_n nor_o speaker_n of_o himself_o to_o desire_v no_o excessive_a riches_n and_o patient_o endure_v worldly_a calamity_n to_o undertake_v enterprise_n just_a and_o defend_v the_o right_n of_o other_o to_o support_v the_o oppress_a and_o help_v widow_n and_o orphan_n to_o love_n god_n and_o be_v loyal_a to_o his_o prince_n to_o prefer_v honour_n before_o worldly_a wealth_n and_o be_v both_o in_o word_n and_o deed_n just_a and_o faithful_a chap._n 8._o of_o honourable_a ornament_n due_a unto_o man_n of_o virtuous_a merit_n who_o be_v ever_o after_o call_v knight_n in_o ancient_a history_n it_o appear_v that_o the_o old_a roman_n do_v give_v ring_n of_o gold_n unto_o man_n of_o quality_n serve_v in_o the_o war_n who_o afterward_o they_o call_v equites_fw-la such_o ring_v the_o senator_n use_v also_o to_o wear_v whereof_o may_v be_v infer_v that_o knighthood_n and_o ensign_n of_o honour_n be_v give_v as_o well_o for_o counsel_n as_o military_a merit_n cicero_n seem_v to_o say_v that_o captain_n general_n have_v in_o use_n after_o every_o victory_n to_o make_v a_o oration_n unto_o soldier_n commend_v their_o virtue_n and_o to_o those_o man_n that_o serve_v with_o much_o valour_n be_v give_v ring_n of_o gold_n we_o read_v likewise_o in_o holy_a scripture_n that_o king_n pharaoh_n in_o sign_n of_o honour_n do_v take_v a_o ring_n from_o his_o own_o finger_n and_o give_v the_o same_o to_o joseph_n some_o prince_n also_o intend_v to_o honour_v their_o servant_n and_o soldier_n do_v bestow_v upon_o they_o spur_n of_o gold_n or_o guild_a in_o sign_n they_o be_v man_n of_o virtue_n and_o professor_n of_o arm_n on_o horseback_n for_o spur_n be_v only_o proper_a to_o soldier_n of_o that_o sort_n and_o so_o it_o appear_v by_o the_o signification_n of_o the_o latin_a word_n eques_fw-la and_o likewise_o by_o the_o term_n cavaliero_n ordinary_o use_v of_o the_o spaniard_n and_o italian_a in_o old_a time_n as_o a_o token_n of_o honour_n and_o advancement_n prince_n do_v bestow_v girdle_n and_o sword_n and_o the_o law_n civil_a seem_v to_o note_v that_o the_o girdle_n signify_v administration_n or_o dignity_n and_o whosoever_o do_v loose_v that_o girdle_n shall_v also_o forfeit_v all_o privilege_n which_o the_o law_n allow_v unto_o soldier_n a_o sword_n be_v always_o hang_v at_o the_o girdle_n and_o the_o hilt_n thereof_o either_o of_o gold_n or_o gâ—lt_n hereof_o it_o come_v that_o prince_n in_o create_v a_o knight_n do_v either_o gird_v he_o with_o a_o sword_n or_o with_o a_o sword_n touch_v he_o on_o the_o head_n or_o shoulder_n thereby_o to_o signify_v that_o as_o with_o the_o sword_n he_o be_v create_v a_o knight_n so_o with_o the_o sword_n he_o ought_v to_o defend_v the_o prince_n and_o country_n that_o do_v create_v he_o without_o fear_n of_o death_n or_o other_o
due_a to_o our_o french_a nation_n where_o never_o want_v gentleman_n to_o answer_v in_o arm_n when_o any_o english_a man_n shall_v challenge_v well_o quoth_v sir_n peter_n you_o say_v well_o and_o with_o good_a will_v i_o accept_v your_o challenge_n and_o to_o morrow_n i_o will_v not_o fail_v to_o attend_v you_o arm_v with_o three_o lance_n according_a to_o the_o custom_n of_o france_n this_o agreement_n be_v make_v sir_n peter_n go_v forthwith_o to_o calais_n there_o to_o furnish_v himself_o of_o arm_n fit_a for_o the_o combat_n and_o make_v the_o lord_n john_n warren_n than_o governor_n privy_a to_o what_o be_v intend_v the_o next_o day_n he_o return_v to_o meet_v mounsieur_fw-fr de_fw-fr clary_n between_o bulloyne_n and_o calais_n thither_o also_o go_v the_o governor_n and_o other_o english_a gentleman_n to_o behold_v the_o course_n between_o these_o champion_n be_v begin_v at_o the_o first_o encounter_v either_o party_n break_v well_o but_o in_o the_o second_o encounter_n by_o default_n of_o the_o english_a knight_n armour_n he_o be_v hurt_v in_o the_o shoulder_n as_o other_o english_a gentleman_n do_v well_o see_v which_o move_v the_o governor_n of_o calais_n to_o say_v unto_o mounsieur_fw-fr de_fw-fr clary_n you_o have_v deal_v discourteous_o to_o hurt_v courtney_n when_o his_o armour_n be_v break_v i_o be_o sorry_a quoth_v clary_n but_o in_o my_o power_n it_o be_v not_o to_o govern_v fortune_n what_o be_v happen_v to_o he_o may_v likewise_o have_v come_v to_o i_o the_o matter_n stand_v in_o these_o term_n mounsieur_fw-fr de_fw-fr clary_n return_v into_o france_n suppose_v he_o have_v deserve_v great_a commendation_n but_o be_v come_v to_o the_o court_n the_o king_n the_o duke_n of_o burgundy_n and_o trymoulie_n himself_o blame_v he_o and_o the_o counsel_n of_o france_n give_v sentence_n that_o his_o good_n shall_v be_v confiscate_v because_o the_o king_n have_v command_v that_o sir_n peter_n shall_v be_v without_o offence_n peaceable_o conduct_v to_o calais_n the_o matter_n be_v otherwise_o handle_v to_o be_v short_a clary_n be_v bring_v to_o the_o king_n presence_n and_o by_o the_o counsel_n ask_v what_o reason_n he_o have_v to_o take_v arm_n against_o amy_a man_n who_o the_o king_n express_o have_v command_v to_o defend_v these_o word_n much_o perplex_v clary_n and_o the_o king_n offence_n do_v great_o amaze_v he_o notwithstanding_o with_o a_o good_a courage_n he_o say_v that_o what_o be_v enjoin_v he_o to_o do_v he_o have_v most_o faithful_o perform_v but_o courtney_n with_o insolent_a speech_n tax_v he_o and_o all_o the_o french_a nation_n which_o without_o dishonour_n may_v not_o be_v endure_v he_o therefore_o think_v not_o only_o to_o have_v be_v free_a from_o blame_n but_o also_o merit_n commendation_n yet_o quoth_v he_o see_v my_o expectation_n fail_v i_o i_o submit_v myself_o to_o the_o censure_n of_o the_o constable_n and_o marshal_n of_o france_n i_o also_o will_v endure_v the_o judgement_n of_o courtney_n himself_o and_o all_o other_o man_n of_o arm_n in_o the_o kingdom_n of_o france_n and_o england_n all_o which_o excuse_n &_o submission_n notwithstanding_o he_o be_v commit_v to_o prison_n and_o his_o good_n confiscate_v till_o at_o the_o humble_a and_o earnest_a suit_n of_o mounsieur_fw-fr de_fw-fr coucy_n the_o duke_n of_o bourbon_n the_o earl_n of_o s._n paul_n and_o the_o englishman_n to_o who_o he_o have_v do_v wrong_a he_o be_v restore_v to_o liberty_n then_o say_v the_o constable_n do_v thou_o think_v mounsieur_fw-fr de_fw-fr clary_n to_o have_v do_v well_o or_o honour_v the_o french_a nation_n by_o take_v arm_n against_o courtney_n who_o be_v recommend_v unto_o thou_o if_o aught_o have_v be_v by_o courtney_n speak_v in_o prejudice_n of_o the_o french_a nobility_n thou_o ought_v have_v complain_v thereof_o to_o the_o king_n and_o then_o have_v proceed_v by_o his_o majesty_n direction_n but_o the_o matter_n be_v not_o so_o handle_v by_o thou_o which_o be_v cause_n of_o thy_o punishment_n from_o henceforth_o therefore_o be_v more_o advise_v &_o for_o thy_o liberty_n give_v thanks_o unto_o the_o duke_n of_o bourbon_n mounsieur_fw-fr de_fw-fr coucy_n &_o the_o earl_n s_o paul_n who_o have_v exceed_o entreat_v to_o compass_n this_o favour_n such_o be_v the_o end_n of_o this_o military_a action_n chap._n 38._o ¶_o one_o other_o most_o noble_a challenge_n the_o strange_a event_n of_o the_o former_a conflict_n between_o courtney_n trimolie_n and_o clary_n move_v the_o lady_n of_o the_o french_a court_n to_o incite_v bouciquant_a roy_fw-fr and_o s._n pie_n to_o attempt_v some_o new_a feat_n of_o arm_n upon_o the_o confine_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n possession_n in_o picardy_n this_o generous_a motion_n proceed_v from_o the_o lady_n be_v easy_o apprehend_v by_o the_o french_a lord_n and_o gentleman_n and_o chief_o those_o three_o aforesaid_a be_v of_o all_o other_o most_o desirous_a of_o same_o and_o military_a glory_n the_o king_n be_v make_v privy_a to_o this_o intention_n command_v those_o three_o gentleman_n to_o frame_v a_o form_n of_o challenge_n in_o writing_n which_o shall_v be_v allow_v or_o reform_v as_o to_o his_o majesty_n shall_v be_v think_v good_a which_o be_v do_v according_o contain_v this_o in_o effect_n the_o great_a desire_n we_o have_v to_o know_v the_o noble_a gentleman_n inhabit_v near_o the_o kingdom_n of_o france_n and_o therewith_o long_v to_o make_v trial_n of_o their_o valour_n in_o arm_n have_v move_v we_o to_o appear_v at_o ingueluert_n the_o 20._o of_o may_n next_o and_o there_o to_o remain_v 30._o day_n we_o also_o determine_v to_o be_v accompany_v with_o other_o noble_a gentleman_n lover_n of_o arm_n and_o honour_n there_o to_o encounter_v all_o comer_n with_o lance_n either_o sharp_a blunt_a or_o both_o and_o every_o man_n shall_v be_v permit_v to_o run_v five_o course_n we_o likewise_o hereby_o give_v you_o to_o understand_v that_o such_o order_n be_v take_v as_o every_o one_o of_o we_o shall_v have_v his_o shield_n and_o empreaze_v hang_v on_o the_o outside_n of_o the_o pavilion_n to_o the_o end_n if_o any_o of_o you_o desire_v to_o run_v than_o the_o day_n before_o you_o may_v with_o a_o wandor_n such_o a_o lance_n as_o you_o intend_v to_o run_v with_o touch_v the_o shield_n and_o who_o so_o meanetb_n to_o try_v his_o fortume_n both_o with_o blunt_a and_o sharp_a must_v touch_v the_o shield_n with_o either_o and_o signify_v his_o name_n to_o he_o that_o have_v our_o say_a shield_n in_o keep_v it_o be_v moreover_o order_v that_o every_o defendor_n may_v bring_v with_o he_o one_o other_o gentleman_n in_o lieu_n of_o a_o padrin_n to_o encounter_v we_o both_o or_o single_a as_o it_o shall_v please_v they_o wherewith_o we_o pray_v and_o desire_v all_o noble_a and_o worthy_a gentleman_n of_o what_o nation_n soever_o to_o believe_v that_o no_o pride_n or_o malice_n have_v move_v we_o to_o this_o enterprise_n but_o rather_o a_o earnest_a desire_n to_o see_v and_o know_v all_o such_o noble_a gentleman_n as_o be_v willing_a to_o make_v proof_n of_o their_o virtue_n and_o valour_n without_o fraud_n or_o covin_z in_o witness_v whereof_o every_o one_o of_o we_o have_v sign_v these_o letter_n with_o our_o seal_n and_o empreaze_v write_a and_o date_v at_o montepessolane_n the_o 20._o of_o november_n 1389._o subscribe_v bouçequaut_n roy._n s._n pye_n these_o letter_n show_v to_o the_o king_n be_v impart_v to_o his_o counsel_n who_o consider_v their_o tenor_n deem_v they_o to_o be_v presumptuous_a chief_o in_o respect_n the_o place_n appoint_v be_v near_o unto_o calis_n which_o haply_o may_v call_v into_o question_n the_o truce_n take_v for_o three_o year_n whereupon_o some_o of_o the_o most_o ancient_a counsellor_n think_v it_o unmeete_a to_o permit_v the_o challenge_n but_o other_o perceive_v the_o king_n inclination_n do_v allow_v thereof_o because_o the_o word_n of_o challenge_n be_v modest_a and_o reasonable_a the_o matter_n thus_o debate_v in_o counsel_n the_o king_n call_v into_o his_o chamber_n all_o the_o three_o challenger_n to_o who_o he_o say_v thus_o bouciquaut_n roy_fw-fr and_o you_o s._n pie_n behave_v yourselves_o well_o and_o with_o respect_n both_o to_o private_a and_o public_a comeliness_n perform_v what_o you_o have_v in_o hand_n as_o for_o charge_n spare_v not_o for_o of_o our_o bounty_n we_o will_v bestow_v upon_o you_o ten_o thousand_o florin_n to_o be_v discreet_o spend_v to_o your_o own_o honour_n then_o after_o most_o humble_a thanks_n give_v unto_o his_o majesty_n they_o determine_v to_o send_v the_o proclamation_n of_o their_o challenge_n into_o diverse_a country_n but_o chief_o into_o england_n the_o proclamation_n be_v in_o all_o place_n publish_v every_o courageous_a lord_n and_o gentleman_n put_v himself_o in_o readiness_n and_o first_o of_o all_o the_o english_a be_v persuade_v that_o in_o respect_n they_o be_v near_o it_o behoove_v they_o to_o appear_v soon_a therefore_o before_o all_o