what_o length_n of_o time_n they_o be_v adore_v for_o as_o to_o bacehus_n and_o hercules_n it_o be_v general_o agree_v that_o there_o be_v more_o than_o one_o or_o two_o of_o those_o name_n in_o very_o different_a time_n and_o perhaps_o country_n as_o greece_n and_o egypt_n and_o that_o the_o last_o who_o be_v son_n of_o alcmene_n and_o one_o of_o the_o argonaut_n be_v very_o modern_a in_o respect_n of_o the_o other_o more_o ancient_a who_o be_v contemporary_a with_o the_o race_n of_o jupiter_n but_o the_o story_n of_o that_o bacehus_n and_o hercules_n who_o be_v say_v to_o have_v conquer_a india_n be_v grow_v too_o obscure_a by_o the_o dark_a shade_n of_o so_o great_a antiquity_n or_o disguise_v by_o the_o mask_n of_o fable_n and_o fiction_n of_o poet_n the_o same_o divine_a honour_n be_v render_v by_o the_o egyptian_n to_o osiris_n in_o who_o temple_n be_v inscribe_v on_o a_o pillar_n that_o he_o have_v go_v through_o all_o country_n and_o every_o where_o teach_v man_n all_o that_o he_o find_v necessary_a for_o the_o common_a good_a of_o mankind_n by_o the_o assyrian_n to_o belus_n the_o founder_n of_o that_o kingdom_n and_o great_a inventor_n or_o improver_n of_o astronomy_n among_o the_o chaldaean_n by_o the_o original_a latin_n or_o hetruscan_o to_o janus_n who_o introduce_v agriculture_n into_o italy_n and_o these_o three_o be_v worship_v as_o god_n by_o those_o ancient_a and_o learned_a nation_n ninus_n and_o sesostris_n be_v renown_v for_o their_o mighty_a conquest_n and_o esteem_v the_o two_o great_a hero_n of_o assyria_n and_o of_o egypt_n the_o first_o have_v extend_v his_o victory_n to_o the_o river_n indus_n and_o the_o other_o those_o of_o the_o egyptian_n over_o asia_n as_o far_o as_o pontus_n the_o time_n of_o ninus_n be_v controvert_v among_o historian_n be_v by_o some_o place_v thirteen_o by_o other_o eight_o hundred_o year_n before_o sardanapalus_n but_o that_o of_o sesostris_n be_v in_o my_o opinion_n much_o hard_a to_o be_v affirm_v for_o i_o 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his_o cruelty_n and_o his_o pride_n for_o true_a honour_n have_v something_o in_o it_o so_o humorous_a as_o to_o follow_v common_o those_o who_o avoid_v or_o neglect_v it_o rather_o than_o those_o who_o seek_v and_o pursue_v it_o beside_o he_o institute_v no_o order_n or_o frame_n of_o government_n in_o the_o kingdom_n either_o of_o macedon_n or_o persia_n but_o rather_o corrupt_v and_o disorder_v those_o he_o find_v and_o seem_v to_o have_v owe_v the_o success_n of_o his_o enterprise_n to_o the_o counsel_n and_o conduct_v of_o his_o father_n old_a officer_n after_o who_o disgrace_n and_o fall_v immediate_o succeed_v that_o of_o his_o fortune_n and_o his_o life_n yet_o he_o must_v be_v allow_v to_o have_v much_o contribute_v to_o his_o own_o glory_n and_o fame_n by_o a_o great_a native_a genius_n and_o unlimited_a bounty_n and_o by_o the_o great_a
pierce_v by_o those_o two_o famous_a river_n of_o the_o nile_n and_o the_o niger_n to_o produce_v a_o race_n of_o man_n that_o seem_v hardly_o of_o the_o same_o species_n with_o the_o rest_n of_o mankind_n yet_o i_o can_v not_o find_v any_o trace_n of_o that_o heroic_a virtue_n that_o may_v entitle_v they_o to_o any_o share_n in_o this_o essay_n for_o whatever_o remain_v in_o story_n of_o atlas_n or_o his_o kingdom_n of_o old_a be_v so_o obscure_v with_o age_n or_o fable_n that_o it_o may_v go_v along_o with_o those_o of_o the_o atlantic_a island_n though_o i_o know_v not_o whether_o these_o themselves_o be_v by_o solon_n or_o plato_n intend_v for_o fable_n or_o no_o or_o for_o relation_n they_o have_v meet_v with_o among_o the_o egyptian_a priest_n and_o which_o perhaps_o be_v by_o they_o otherwise_o esteem_v sect_n ii_o the_o great_a and_o ancient_a kingdom_n of_o china_n be_v bound_v to_o the_o east_n and_o south_n by_o the_o ocean_n to_o the_o north_n by_o a_o stone_n wall_n of_o twelve_o hundred_o mile_n long_o raise_v against_o the_o invasion_n of_o the_o tartar_n and_o to_o the_o west_n by_o vast_a and_o unpassible_a mountain_n or_o desert_n which_o the_o labour_n or_o curiosity_n of_o no_o mortal_a man_n have_v be_v ever_o yet_o know_v to_o have_v pierce_v through_o or_o give_v any_o account_n of_o when_o alexander_n will_v have_v pass_v the_o river_n ganges_n he_o be_v tell_v by_o the_o indian_n that_o nothing_o beyond_o it_o be_v inhabit_v and_o that_o all_o be_v either_o impassable_a marsh_n lie_v between_o great_a river_n or_o sandy_a desert_n or_o steep_a mountain_n full_a only_a of_o wild_a beast_n but_o whole_o destitute_a of_o mankind_n so_o as_o ganges_n be_v esteem_v by_o ancient_n the_o bind_v of_o the_o eastern_a world_n since_o the_o use_n of_o the_o compass_n and_o extent_n of_o navigation_n it_o be_v find_v that_o there_o be_v several_a populous_a kingdom_n lie_v between_o ganges_n and_o the_o desert_n or_o mountain_n that_o divide_v they_o from_o china_n as_o pegu_n siam_n cirote_n and_o other_o lie_v in_o this_o space_n coast_v along_o the_o border_n of_o great_a river_n northwards_o which_o be_v say_v to_o run_v about_o the_o length_n of_o indus_n and_o ganges_n and_o all_o of_o they_o to_o rise_v from_o one_o mighty_a lake_n in_o the_o mountain_n of_o tartary_n but_o from_o none_o of_o these_o kingdom_n be_v know_v any_o other_o way_n of_o passage_n or_o commerce_n into_o china_n than_o by_o sea_n from_o indostan_n or_o the_o mogul_n country_n there_o be_v none_o other_o usual_a and_o such_o as_o travel_v from_o thence_o by_o land_n be_v force_v to_o go_v many_o degree_n northward_o before_o they_o turn_v to_o the_o east_n to_o pass_v many_o savage_a kingdom_n or_o country_n of_o the_o tartar_n to_o travel_v through_o vast_a sandy_a desert_n and_o other_o prodigious_a high_a and_o steep_a mountain_n where_o no_o carriage_n or_o beast_n be_v able_a to_o pass_v but_o only_a man_n on_o foot_n and_o over_o one_o mountain_n particular_o esteem_v the_o high_a in_o the_o world_n where_o the_o air_n be_v so_o thin_a that_o man_n can_v travel_v over_o it_o without_o danger_n of_o their_o life_n and_o never_o in_o summer_n without_o be_v poison_v by_o the_o scent_n of_o certain_a herb_n that_o grow_v upon_o it_o which_o be_v mortal_a when_o they_o be_v in_o flower_n after_o eight_o or_o nine_o month_n journey_n from_o the_o mogul_n court_n several_a person_n have_v travel_v this_o way_n till_o they_o come_v to_o the_o wall_n that_o defend_v or_o divide_v china_n from_o tartary_n and_o so_o to_o the_o imperial_a city_n of_o peking_n situate_v in_o the_o northern_a part_n of_o this_o mighty_a region_n which_o the_o chinese_n call_v a_o world_n by_o itself_o and_o esteem_v themselves_o the_o only_a reasonable_a and_o civilise_a people_n have_v no_o neighbour_n on_o three_o side_n and_o to_o the_o north_n only_o the_o tartar_n who_o they_o esteem_v but_o another_o sort_n of_o wild_a or_o brutish_a man_n and_o therefore_o they_o say_v in_o common_a proverb_n that_o the_o chineses_n only_o see_v with_o two_o eye_n and_o all_o other_o man_n but_o with_o one_o by_o this_o situation_n and_o by_o a_o custom_n or_o law_n very_o ancient_a among_o they_o of_o suffer_v no_o stranger_n to_o come_v into_o their_o country_n or_o if_o they_o do_v not_o permit_v he_o to_o go_v out_o or_o return_v any_o more_o to_o his_o own_o this_o vast_a continent_n continue_v very_o long_o and_o whole_o unknown_a to_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o world_n and_o for_o as_o much_o as_o i_o can_v find_v be_v first_o discover_v to_o we_o by_o paulus_n venetus_n who_o about_o four_o hundred_o year_n ago_o make_v a_o voyage_n from_o venice_n through_o armenia_n persia_n and_o several_a part_n of_o tartary_n to_o that_o which_o he_o name_v the_o kingdom_n of_o cataya_n and_o to_o the_o famous_a city_n of_o cambalu_n as_o he_o call_v they_o and_o after_o seventeen_o year_n residence_n of_o his_o father_n and_o himself_o in_o that_o court_n of_o the_o great_a cham_n return_v to_o venice_n and_o leave_v the_o world_n a_o large_a account_n of_o this_o voyage_n since_o his_o time_n and_o within_o two_o or_o three_o hundred_o year_n several_a missionary_n friar_n and_o jesuit_n have_v upon_o devotion_n or_o command_n of_o their_o superior_n pierce_v with_o infinite_a pain_n and_o danger_n through_o these_o vast_a and_o savage_a region_n some_o from_o the_o mogul_n country_n some_o through_o armenia_n and_o persia_n and_o arrive_v at_o peking_n which_o i_o make_v no_o question_n by_o compare_v all_o their_o several_a account_n and_o relation_n be_v the_o same_o famous_a city_n that_o be_v call_v cambalu_n by_o paulus_n venetus_n seat_v in_o the_o northern_a province_n of_o china_n which_o be_v by_o he_o call_v cataya_n the_o reason_n of_o this_o difference_n in_o name_n be_v that_o when_o paulus_n venetus_n be_v there_o the_o cham_n of_o east_n tartary_n call_v cataya_n have_v possess_v himself_o by_o conquest_n of_o several_a northern_a province_n of_o china_n as_o well_o as_o that_o of_o peking_n where_o he_o make_v his_o residence_n and_o which_o be_v like_o the_o rest_n of_o his_o empire_n call_v cataya_n and_o the_o chief_a city_n cambalu_n by_o a_o tartar_n name_n after_o some_o time_n all_o these_o province_n be_v again_o recover_v by_o the_o chinese_n from_o the_o tartar_n and_o return_v to_o their_o old_a chinese_n appellation_n and_o the_o king_n of_o china_n who_o then_o expel_v the_o tartar_n fix_v the_o seat_n of_o his_o empire_n at_o peking_n which_o have_v be_v former_o at_o nank_v and_o at_o quinsay_v that_o the_o force_n of_o his_o army_n lie_v thereabouts_o may_v be_v ready_a to_o defend_v that_o frontier_n against_o the_o furious_a invasion_n of_o the_o tartar_n whereof_o they_o have_v several_a time_n feel_v the_o rage_n and_o danger_n after_o this_o recovery_n china_n continue_v in_o peace_n and_o prosperous_a under_o their_o own_o emperor_n till_o about_o the_o year_n 1616_o when_o the_o tartar_n again_o invade_v they_o and_o after_o a_o long_a and_o bloody_a war_n of_o above_o thirty_o year_n in_o the_o end_n make_v themselves_o absolute_a master_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n and_o so_o it_o have_v ever_o since_o continue_v this_o region_n common_o know_v by_o the_o name_n of_o china_n extend_v about_o eighteen_o hundred_o mile_n or_o thirty_o degree_n of_o northern_a and_o southern_a latitude_n it_o be_v not_o esteem_v so_o much_o of_o longitude_n but_o this_o be_v more_o uncertain_a the_o journey_n through_o the_o whole_a country_n from_o east_n to_o west_n have_v not_o that_o i_o find_v be_v ever_o perform_v by_o any_o european_a and_o the_o account_v take_v only_o from_o report_n of_o the_o native_n nor_o be_v it_o easy_o agree_v where_o the_o habitable_a part_n of_o china_n determine_v westward_o since_o some_o author_n say_v they_o end_v in_o mountain_n store_v only_o with_o wild_a beast_n and_o wild_a man_n that_o have_v neither_o law_n nor_o language_n nor_o other_o commerce_n with_o the_o chinese_n than_o by_o descent_n sometime_o make_v upon_o they_o for_o rapine_n or_o for_o rape_n and_o other_o author_n say_v there_o be_v such_o inaccessible_a mountain_n even_o in_o the_o midst_n of_o china_n so_o as_o the_o first_o account_n may_v have_v leave_v out_o great_a country_n beyond_o these_o mountain_n which_o they_o take_v for_o the_o utmost_a border_n of_o this_o kingdom_n whatever_o length_n it_o have_v which_o by_o none_o be_v esteem_v less_o than_o twelve_o or_o thirteen_o hundred_o mile_n it_o must_v be_v allow_v to_o be_v the_o great_a rich_a and_o most_o populous_a kingdom_n now_o know_v in_o the_o world_n and_o will_v perhaps_o be_v find_v to_o owe_v its_o riches_n force_n civility_n and_o felicity_n to_o the_o admirable_a constitution_n of_o its_o government_n more_o than_o any_o other_o this_o
have_v the_o honour_n of_o be_v call_v divine_a and_o of_o give_v that_o esteem_n or_o appellation_n to_o such_o as_o possess_v they_o in_o very_o eminent_a degree_n which_o be_v heroic_a virtue_n and_o poetry_n for_o prophecy_n can_v be_v esteem_v any_o excellency_n of_o nature_n or_o of_o art_n but_o wherever_o it_o be_v true_a be_v a_o immediate_a gift_n of_o god_n and_o bestow_v according_a to_o his_o pleasure_n and_o upon_o subject_n of_o the_o mean_a capacity_n upon_o woman_n or_o child_n or_o even_a thing_n inanimate_a as_o the_o stone_n place_v in_o the_o high-priest_n breastplate_n among_o the_o jew_n which_o be_v a_o sacred_a oracle_n among_o they_o i_o will_v leave_v poetry_n to_o a_o essay_n by_o itself_o and_o dedicate_v this_o only_a to_o that_o antiquate_a shrine_n of_o heroic_a virtue_n which_o however_o forget_v or_o unknown_a in_o late_a age_n must_v yet_o be_v allow_v to_o have_v produce_v in_o the_o world_n the_o advantage_n most_o value_v among_o man_n and_o which_o most_o distinguish_v their_o understanding_n and_o their_o life_n from_o the_o rest_n of_o their_o fellow_n creature_n though_o it_o be_v easy_a to_o describe_v heroic_a virtue_n by_o the_o effect_n and_o example_n than_o by_o cause_n or_o definition_n yet_o it_o may_v be_v say_v to_o arise_v from_o some_o great_a and_o native_a excellency_n of_o temper_n or_o genius_n transcend_v the_o common_a race_n of_o mankind_n in_o wisdom_n goodness_n and_o fortitude_n these_o ingredient_n advantage_v by_o birth_n improve_v by_o education_n and_o assist_v by_o fortune_n seem_v to_o make_v that_o noble_a composition_n which_o give_v such_o a_o lustre_n to_o those_o who_o have_v possess_v it_o as_o make_v they_o appear_v to_o common_a eye_n something_o more_o than_o mortal_n and_o to_o have_v be_v bear_v of_o some_o mixture_n between_o divine_a and_o humane_a race_n to_o have_v be_v honour_v and_o obey_v in_o their_o life_n and_o after_o their_o death_n be_v bewail_v and_o adore_v the_o greatness_n of_o their_o wisdom_n appear_v in_o the_o excellency_n of_o their_o invention_n and_o these_o by_o the_o goodness_n of_o their_o nature_n be_v turn_v and_o exercise_v upon_o such_o subject_n as_o be_v of_o general_a good_a to_o mankind_n in_o the_o common_a use_n of_o life_n or_o to_o their_o own_o country_n in_o the_o institution_n of_o such_o law_n order_n or_o government_n as_o be_v of_o most_o ease_n safety_n and_o advantage_n to_o civil_a society_n their_o valour_n be_v employ_v in_o defend_v their_o own_o country_n from_o the_o violence_n of_o ill_a man_n at_o home_n or_o enemy_n abroad_o in_o reduce_v their_o barbarous_a neighbour_n to_o the_o same_o form_n and_o order_n of_o civil_a life_n and_o institution_n or_o in_o relieve_v other_o from_o the_o cruelty_n and_o oppression_n of_o tyranny_n and_o violence_n these_o be_v all_o comprehend_v in_o three_o verse_n of_o virgil_n describe_v the_o bless_a seat_n in_o elysium_n and_o those_o that_o enjoy_v they_o hic_fw-la manus_fw-la ob_fw-la patriam_fw-la pugnando_fw-la vulnera_fw-la passi_fw-la inventas_fw-la aut_fw-la qui_fw-la vitam_fw-la excoluere_fw-la per_fw-la art_n quique_fw-la svi_fw-la memores_fw-la alios_fw-la fecere_fw-la merendo_fw-la here_o such_o as_o for_o their_o country_n wound_v receive_v or_o who_o by_o art_n invent_v life_n improve_v or_o by_o deserve_v make_v themselves_o remember_v and_o indeed_o the_o character_n of_o heroic_a virtue_n seem_v to_o be_v in_o short_a the_o deserve_v well_o of_o mankind_n where_o this_o be_v chief_a in_o design_n and_o great_a in_o success_n the_o pretence_n to_o a_o hero_n lie_v very_o fair_a and_o can_v never_o be_v allow_v without_o it_o i_o have_v say_v that_o this_o excellency_n of_o genius_n must_v be_v native_a because_o it_o can_v never_o grow_v to_o any_o great_a height_n if_o it_o be_v only_o acquire_v or_o affect_v but_o it_o must_v be_v ennoble_v by_o birth_n to_o give_v it_o more_o lustre_n esteem_v and_o authority_n it_o must_v be_v cultivate_v by_o education_n and_o instruction_n to_o improve_v its_o growth_n and_o direct_v its_o end_n and_o application_n and_o it_o must_v be_v assist_v by_o fortune_n to_o preserve_v it_o to_o maturity_n because_o the_o noble_a spirit_n or_o genius_n in_o the_o world_n if_o it_o fall_v though_o never_o so_o brave_o in_o its_o first_o enterprise_n can_v deserve_v enough_o of_o mankind_n to_o pretend_v to_o so_o great_a a_o reward_n as_o the_o esteem_n of_o heroic_a virtue_n and_o yet_o perhaps_o many_o a_o person_n have_v die_v in_o the_o first_o battle_n or_o adventure_n he_o achieve_v and_o lie_v bury_v in_o silence_n and_o oblivion_n who_o have_v he_o outlive_v as_o many_o danger_n as_o alexander_n do_v may_v have_v shine_v as_o bright_a in_o honour_n and_o fame_n now_o since_o so_o many_o star_n go_v to_o the_o make_v up_o of_o this_o constellation_n it_o be_v no_o wonder_n it_o have_v so_o seldom_o appear_v in_o the_o world_n nor_o that_o when_o it_o do_v it_o be_v receive_v and_o follow_v with_o so_o much_o gaze_v and_o so_o much_o veneration_n among_o the_o simple_a age_n or_o generation_n of_o man_n in_o several_a country_n those_o who_o be_v the_o first_o inventor_n of_o art_n general_o receive_v and_o applaud_v as_o most_o necessary_a or_o useful_a to_o human_a life_n be_v honour_v alive_a and_o after_o death_n worship_v as_o go_n and_o so_o be_v those_o who_o have_v be_v the_o first_o author_n of_o any_o good_a and_o well_o institute_v civil_a government_n in_o any_o country_n by_o which_o the_o native_a inhabitant_n be_v reduce_v from_o savage_a and_o brutish_a life_n to_o the_o safety_n and_o convenience_n of_o society_n the_o enjoyment_n of_o property_n the_o observance_n of_o order_n and_o the_o obedience_n of_o law_n which_o be_v follow_v by_o security_n plenty_n civility_n riches_n industry_n and_o all_o kind_n of_o arts._n the_o evident_a advantage_n and_o common_a benefit_n of_o these_o sort_n of_o institution_n make_v people_n general_o incline_v at_o home_n to_o obey_v such_o governor_n the_o neighbour_n nation_n to_o esteem_v they_o and_o thereby_o willing_o enter_v into_o their_o protection_n or_o easy_o yield_v to_o the_o force_n of_o their_o arm_n and_o prowess_n thus_o conquest_n begin_v to_o be_v make_v in_o the_o world_n and_o upon_o the_o same_o design_n of_o reduce_v barbarous_a nation_n unto_o civil_a and_o well_o regulate_v constitution_n and_o government_n and_o of_o subdue_a those_o by_o force_n to_o obey_v they_o who_o refuse_v to_o accept_v willing_o the_o advantage_n of_o life_n or_o condition_n that_o be_v thereby_o offer_v they_o such_o person_n of_o old_a who_o excel_v in_o those_o virtue_n be_v attend_v by_o these_o fortune_n and_o make_v great_a and_o famous_a conquest_n and_o leave_v they_o under_o good_a constitution_n of_o law_n and_o government_n or_o who_o institute_v excellent_a and_o last_a order_n and_o frame_v of_o any_o political_a state_n in_o what_o compass_n soever_o of_o country_n or_o under_o what_o name_n soever_o of_o civil_a government_n be_v obey_v as_o prince_n or_o lawgiver_n in_o their_o own_o time_n and_o be_v call_v in_o after_o age_n by_o the_o name_n of_o hero_n from_o these_o source_n i_o believe_v may_v be_v deduce_v all_o or_o most_o of_o the_o theology_n or_o idolatry_n of_o all_o the_o ancient_a pagan_a country_n within_o the_o compass_n of_o the_o four_o great_a empire_n so_o much_o renown_v in_o story_n and_o perhaps_o of_o some_o other_o as_o great_a in_o their_o constitution_n and_o as_o extend_v in_o their_o conquest_n though_o not_o so_o much_o celebrate_v or_o observe_v by_o learned_a men._n from_o all_o i_o can_v gather_v upon_o the_o survey_v of_o ancient_a story_n i_o be_o apt_a to_o conclude_v that_o saturn_n be_v a_o king_n of_o crete_n and_o expel_v that_o kingdom_n by_o his_o son_n that_o jupiter_n have_v drive_v out_o his_o father_n from_o crete_n conquer_v greece_n or_o at_o least_o the_o peloponesus_fw-la and_o have_v among_o those_o inhabitant_n introduce_v the_o use_n of_o agriculture_n of_o property_n and_o civility_n and_o establish_v a_o just_a and_o regular_a kingdom_n be_v by_o they_o adore_v as_o chief_a of_o their_o go_n ante_fw-la jupiter_fw-la nulli_fw-la subigerunt_fw-la arva_fw-la coloni_fw-la that_o his_o brother_n sister_n son_n and_o daughter_n be_v worship_v likewise_o for_o the_o invention_n of_o thing_n chief_o useful_a necessary_a or_o agreeable_a to_o humane_a life_n so_o neptune_n for_o the_o art_n or_o improvement_n of_o navigation_n vulcan_n for_o that_o of_o forge_v brass_n and_o iron_n minerva_n of_o spin_v apollo_n of_o music_n and_o poetry_n mercury_n of_o manual_a art_n and_o merchandise_n bacchus_n for_o the_o invention_n of_o wine_n and_o ceres_n of_o corn._n i_o do_v not_o find_v any_o trace_n leave_v by_o which_o a_o probable_a conjecture_n may_v be_v make_v of_o the_o age_n wherein_o this_o race_n of_o saturn_n flourish_v in_o the_o world_n nor_o consequent_o
empire_n consist_v of_o fifteen_o several_a kingdom_n which_o at_o least_o have_v be_v so_o of_o old_a though_o now_o govern_v as_o province_n by_o their_o several_a viceroy_n who_o yet_o live_v in_o greatness_n splendour_n and_o riches_n equal_a to_o great_a and_o sovereign_a king_n in_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n be_v one_o hundred_o and_o forty_o five_o capital_a city_n of_o mighty_a extent_n and_o magnificent_a building_n and_o one_o thousand_o three_o hundred_o twenty_o and_o one_o lesser_a city_n but_o all_o wall_a round_n the_o number_n of_o village_n be_v infinite_a and_o no_o country_n in_o the_o know_a world_n so_o full_a of_o inhabitant_n nor_o so_o improve_v by_o agriculture_n by_o infinite_a growth_n of_o numerous_a commodity_n by_o canal_n of_o incredible_a length_n conjunction_n of_o river_n convenience_n of_o way_n for_o the_o transportation_n of_o all_o sort_n of_o good_n and_o commodity_n from_o one_o province_n to_o another_o so_o as_o no_o country_n have_v so_o great_a trade_n though_o till_o very_o late_o they_o never_o have_v any_o but_o among_o themselves_o and_o what_o there_o be_v now_o foreign_a among_o they_o be_v not_o drive_v by_o the_o chinese_n go_v out_o of_o their_o country_n to_o manage_v it_o but_o only_o by_o their_o permission_n of_o the_o portuguese_n and_o dutch_a to_o come_v and_o trade_n in_o some_o skirt_n of_o their_o southern_a province_n for_o testimony_n of_o their_o greatness_n i_o shall_v only_o add_v what_o be_v agree_v of_o their_o famous_a wall_n and_o of_o their_o city_n peking_n the_o stone-wall_n which_o divide_v the_o northern_a part_n of_o china_n from_o tartary_n be_v reckon_v by_o some_o twelve_o by_o other_o nine_o hundred_o mile_n long_o run_v over_o rock_n and_o hill_n through_o marsh_n and_o desert_n and_o make_v way_n for_o river_n by_o mighty_a arch_n it_o be_v forty_o five_o foot_n high_a and_o twenty_o foot_n thick_a at_o the_o bottom_n divide_v at_o certain_a space_n by_o great_a tower_n it_o be_v build_v above_o two_o thousand_o year_n ago_o but_o with_o such_o admirable_a architecture_n that_o where_o some_o gap_n have_v not_o be_v break_v down_o by_o the_o tartar_n upon_o their_o eruption_n the_o rest_n be_v still_o as_o entire_a as_o when_o it_o be_v first_o build_v the_o king_n that_o raise_v this_o wall_n appoint_v a_o million_o of_o soldier_n who_o be_v list_v and_o pay_v for_o the_o defence_n of_o it_o against_o the_o tartar_n and_o take_v their_o turn_n by_o certain_a number_n at_o certain_a time_n for_o the_o guard_n of_o this_o frontier_n the_o imperial_a city_n of_o peking_n be_v nothing_o so_o large_a as_o several_a other_o city_n of_o china_n whereof_o nank_v be_v esteem_v the_o great_a but_o be_v a_o regular_a foursquare_a the_o wall_n of_o each_o side_n be_v six_o mile_n in_o length_n in_o each_o of_o these_o side_n be_v three_o gate_n and_o on_o each_o side_n of_o each_o gate_n be_v great_a palace_n or_o fort_n for_o the_o guard_n belong_v to_o they_o which_o 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it_o and_o all_o serve_v with_o such_o magnificence_n order_n and_o splendour_n that_o the_o audience_n of_o a_o foreign_a ambassador_n at_o peking_n seem_v a_o sight_n as_o great_a and_o noble_a as_o one_o of_o the_o triumph_n at_o rome_n as_o other_o nation_n be_v usual_o distinguish_v into_o noble_a and_o plebeian_n so_o that_o of_o china_n may_v be_v distinguish_v into_o learned_a and_o illiterate_a the_o last_o make_v up_o the_o body_n or_o mass_n of_o the_o people_n who_o be_v govern_v the_o first_o comprehend_v all_o the_o magistrate_n that_o govern_v and_o those_o who_o may_v in_o time_n or_o course_n succeed_v they_o in_o the_o magistracy_n for_o no_o other_o than_o the_o learned_a be_v ever_o employ_v in_o the_o government_n nor_o any_o in_o the_o great_a charge_n that_o be_v not_o of_o those_o rank_n or_o degree_n of_o learning_n that_o make_v they_o term_v sage_n or_o philosopher_n or_o doctor_n among_o they_o but_o to_o comprehend_v what_o this_o government_n of_o china_n be_v and_o what_o the_o person_n employ_v in_o it_o there_o will_v be_v a_o necessity_n of_o know_v what_o their_o learning_n be_v and_o how_o it_o make_v they_o fit_a for_o government_n very_o contrary_a to_o what_o we_o in_o europe_n be_v observe_v to_o do_v and_o the_o reason_n of_o such_o different_a effect_n from_o the_o same_o cause_n the_o two_o great_a hero_n of_o the_o chinese_n nation_n be_v fohu_n and_o confuchu_n who_o memory_n have_v always_o continue_v among_o they_o sacred_a and_o adore_v fohu_n live_v about_o four_o thousand_o year_n ago_o and_o be_v the_o first_o founder_n of_o their_o kingdom_n the_o progress_n whereof_o have_v ever_o since_o continue_v upon_o their_o record_n so_o clear_a that_o they_o be_v esteem_v by_o the_o missionary_n jesuit_n unquestionable_a and_o infallible_a for_o after_o the_o death_n of_o every_o king_n the_o successor_n appoint_v certain_a person_n to_o write_v the_o memorable_a action_n of_o his_o predecessor_n reign_v and_o of_o these_o a_o epitome_n be_v afterward_o draw_v and_o enter_v into_o their_o register_n fohu_n first_o reduce_v they_o from_o the_o common_a original_a life_n of_o mankind_n introduce_v agriculture_n wedlock_n distinction_n of_o sex_n by_o different_a habit_n law_n and_o order_n of_o government_n he_o invent_v character_n and_o leave_v several_a short_a table_n or_o write_n of_o astronomy_n or_o observation_n of_o the_o heaven_n of_o morality_n of_o physic_n and_o political_a government_n the_o character_n he_o use_v seem_v to_o have_v be_v parley_n strait_a line_n of_o different_a length_n and_o distinguish_v by_o different_a point_n and_o partly_o hieroglyphic_n and_o these_o in_o time_n be_v follow_v by_o character_n of_o which_o each_o express_a one_o word_n in_o these_o several_a way_n be_v for_o many_o century_n compose_v many_o book_n among_o the_o chinese_n in_o many_o sort_n of_o learning_n especial_o natural_a and_o moral_a philosophy_n astronomy_n astrology_n physic_n and_o 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of_o the_o east_n or_o west_n of_o the_o greek_a or_o the_o latin_a church_n both_o the_o original_a and_o progress_n of_o it_o have_v be_v easy_o observe_v and_o be_v more_o vulgar_o know_v have_v be_v the_o subject_a of_o many_o modern_a writer_n and_o several_a well-digested_a history_n or_o relation_n and_o therefore_o i_o shall_v give_v but_o a_o very_a summary_n account_v of_o both_o about_o the_o year_n 600_o or_o near_o it_o live_v mahomet_n a_o man_n of_o mean_a parentage_n and_o condition_n illiterate_a but_o of_o great_a spirit_n and_o subtle_a wit_n like_o those_o of_o the_o climate_n or_o country_n where_o he_o be_v bear_v or_o breed_v which_o be_v that_o part_n of_o arabia_n call_v the_o happy_a esteem_v the_o lovely_a and_o sweet_a region_n of_o the_o world_n and_o like_o those_o bless_a seat_n so_o fine_o paint_v by_o the_o poet_n quas_fw-la neque_fw-la concutiunt_fw-la venti_fw-la neque_fw-la nubila_fw-la nimbis_fw-la aspergunt_fw-la neque_fw-la nix_n acri_fw-la concreta_fw-la pruina_fw-la cana_n cadens_fw-la violat_a semperque_fw-la innubilus_fw-la aether_fw-la contegit_fw-la &_o late_o diffuso_fw-la lumine_fw-la ridet_fw-la he_o be_v servant_n to_o a_o rich_a merchant_n of_o this_o country_n and_o after_o his_o master_n death_n have_v marry_v his_o widow_n come_v to_o be_v possess_v of_o great_a wealth_n and_o of_o a_o numerous_a family_n among_o other_o he_o have_v entertain_v in_o it_o a_o sergian_a monk_n or_o at_o least_o call_v by_o that_o name_n who_o vicious_a and_o libertine_n disposition_n of_o life_n have_v make_v he_o leave_v his_o enclosure_n and_o profession_n but_o otherwise_o a_o man_n of_o great_a learning_n mahomet_n be_v subject_a to_o fit_n of_o a_o epilepsy_n or_o falling-sickness_n and_o either_o by_o the_o custom_n of_o that_o climate_n or_o the_o necessity_n of_o that_o disease_n very_o temperate_a and_o abstain_v from_o wine_n but_o in_o the_o rest_n voluptuous_a and_o dissolute_a he_o be_v ashamed_a of_o his_o 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these_o with_o with_o the_o severe_a prohibition_n of_o drink_v wine_n and_o the_o principle_n of_o predestination_n be_v the_o first_o and_o chief_a doctrine_n and_o institution_n of_o mahomet_n and_o which_o be_v receive_v with_o great_a applause_n and_o much_o confluence_n of_o arian_n jew_n and_o gentile_n in_o those_o part_n some_o contribute_v to_o the_o rise_n of_o his_o kingdom_n by_o the_o belief_n of_o his_o divine_a mission_n and_o authority_n many_o by_o find_v their_o chief_a principle_n or_o religious_a opinion_n contain_v or_o allow_v in_o they_o but_o most_o by_o their_o voluptuousness_n and_o luxury_n their_o passion_n of_o avarice_n ambition_n and_o revenge_n be_v thereby_o comply_v with_o after_o his_o fit_n or_o trance_n he_o write_v the_o many_o several_a part_n or_o chapter_n of_o his_o koran_n as_o new_o inspire_v and_o dictate_v from_o heaven_n and_o leave_v in_o they_o that_o which_o to_o we_o and_o in_o its_o translation_n look_n like_o a_o wild_a fanatic_a rhapsody_n of_o his_o vision_n or_o dream_n or_o rather_o of_o his_o fantastical_a imagination_n and_o invention_n but_o have_v ever_o pass_v among_o all_o his_o follower_n as_o a_o book_n sacred_a and_o divine_a which_o show_v the_o strange_a difference_n of_o conception_n among_o men._n to_o be_v short_a this_o contagion_n be_v so_o violent_a that_o it_o spread_v from_o arabia_n into_o egypt_n and_o syria_n and_o his_o power_n increase_v with_o such_o a_o sudden_a growth_n as_o well_o as_o his_o doctrine_n that_o he_o live_v to_o see_v they_o overspread_v both_o those_o country_n and_o a_o great_a part_n of_o persia_n the_o decline_v of_o the_o old_a roman_a empire_n make_v easy_a way_n for_o the_o powerful_a ascent_n of_o this_o new_a comet_n that_o appear_v with_o such_o wonder_n and_o terror_n in_o the_o world_n and_o with_o a_o flame_a sword_n make_v way_n wherever_o it_o come_v or_o lay_v all_o desolate_a that_o oppose_v it_o mahomet_n leave_v two_o branch_n of_o his_o race_n or_o succession_n which_o be_v in_o both_o esteem_a divine_a among_o his_o mussulman_n or_o follower_n the_o one_o be_v continue_v in_o the_o caliphs_n of_o persia_n and_o tother_o of_o egypt_n and_o arabia_n both_o these_o under_o the_o common_a appellation_n of_o saracen_n make_v mighty_a and_o wonderful_a progress_n the_o one_o to_o the_o east_n and_o the_o other_a to_o the_o west_n the_o roman_a empire_n or_o rather_o the_o remainder_n of_o it_o seat_v at_o constantinople_n and_o afterward_o call_v the_o greek_a be_v for_o some_o time_n past_o most_o cruel_o infest_a and_o in_o many_o part_n shake_v to_o piece_n by_o the_o invasion_n or_o incursion_n of_o many_o barbarous_a northern_a nation_n and_o thereby_o disable_v from_o any_o vigorous_a opposition_n to_o this_o new_a and_o formidable_a enemy_n beside_o the_o division_n among_o christian_n make_v way_n for_o their_o conquest_n and_o the_o great_a increase_n of_o proselyte_n to_o this_o new_a religion_n the_o arian_n
persecute_v in_o the_o eastern_a province_n by_o some_o of_o the_o greek_a emperor_n of_o the_o same_o faith_n with_o the_o western_a or_o roman_a church_n make_v easy_a turn_n to_o the_o mahometan_a doctrine_n that_o profess_a christ_n to_o have_v be_v so_o great_a and_o so_o divine_a a_o prophet_n which_o be_v all_o in_o a_o manner_n that_o they_o themselves_o allow_v he_o the_o cruel_a persecution_n of_o other_o grecian_a prince_n against_o those_o christian_n that_o will_v not_o admit_v the_o use_n of_o image_n make_v great_a number_n of_o they_o go_v over_o to_o the_o saracen_n who_o abhor_v that_o worship_n as_o much_o as_o themselves_o the_o jew_n be_v allure_v by_o the_o profession_n of_o unity_n in_o the_o godhead_n which_o they_o pretend_v not_o to_o find_v in_o the_o christian_a faith_n and_o by_o the_o great_a honour_n that_o be_v pay_v by_o the_o saracen_n to_o moses_n as_o a_o prophet_n and_o a_o law_n giver_n send_v immediate_o from_o god_n into_o the_o world_n the_o pagan_n meet_v with_o a_o opinion_n of_o the_o old_a gentilism_n in_o that_o of_o predestination_n which_o be_v the_o stoic_a principle_n and_o that_o whereinto_o unhappy_a man_n common_o fall_v and_o seek_v for_o refuge_n in_o the_o uncertain_a condition_n or_o event_n of_o life_n under_o tyrannical_a and_o cruel_a government_n so_o as_o some_o roman_a author_n observe_v that_o the_o reign_v of_o tiberius_n caligula_n and_o nero_n make_v more_o stoic_n in_o rome_n than_o the_o precept_n of_o zeno_n chrysippus_n and_o cleanthes_n the_o great_a extent_n and_o power_n of_o the_o persian_a branch_n or_o empire_n continue_v long_o among_o the_o saracen_n but_o be_v overrun_v at_o length_n by_o the_o turk_n first_o and_o then_o by_o the_o tartar_n under_o tamerlane_n who_o race_n continue_v there_o till_o the_o time_n of_o ishmael_n from_o who_o the_o present_a sophy_n be_v derive_v this_o ishmael_n be_v a_o enthusiast_n or_o at_o least_o a_o pretender_n to_o new_a revelation_n in_o the_o 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height_n under_o the_o great_a almanzor_n who_o be_v the_o illustrious_a and_o renown_a hero_n of_o this_o race_n and_o must_v be_v allow_v to_o have_v as_o much_o excel_v and_o as_o eminent_o in_o learning_n virtue_n piety_n and_o native_a goodness_n as_o in_o power_n in_o valour_n and_o in_o empire_n yet_o this_o be_v extend_v from_o arabia_n through_o egypt_n and_o all_o the_o northern_a tract_n of_o africa_n as_o far_o as_o the_o western_a ocean_n and_o over_o all_o the_o considerable_a province_n of_o spain_n for_o it_o be_v in_o his_o time_n and_o by_o his_o victorious_a ensign_n that_o the_o gothick_n kingdom_n in_o spain_n be_v conquer_a and_o the_o race_n of_o those_o famous_a prince_n end_v in_o rodrigo_n all_o that_o country_n be_v reduce_v under_o the_o saracen_n empire_n except_o the_o mountain_n of_o leon_n and_o oviedo_n and_o be_v afterward_o divide_v into_o several_a moorish_a kingdom_n whereof_o some_o last_v to_o the_o reign_n of_o ferdinand_n and_o isabel_n nay_o the_o saracen_n force_n after_o the_o conquest_n of_o spain_n invade_v the_o southern_a part_n of_o france_n and_o proceed_v with_o the_o same_o success_n as_o far_o as_o tours_n till_o they_o be_v beat_v and_o expel_v by_o charles_n martel_n who_o by_o those_o exploit_n raise_v his_o renown_n so_o high_a as_o to_o give_v he_o the_o ambition_n of_o leave_v the_o kingdom_n of_o france_n to_o his_o own_o line_n in_o pepin_n and_o charlemagne_n by_o the_o desposition_n and_o extinction_n of_o the_o first_o race_n which_o have_v last_v from_o pharamont_n i_o do_v not_o remember_v ever_o to_o have_v read_v a_o great_a and_o a_o noble_a character_n of_o any_o prince_n than_o of_o this_o great_a almanzor_n in_o some_o spanish_a author_n or_o translator_n of_o his_o story_n out_o of_o the_o arabian_a tongue_n wherein_o the_o learning_n then_o remain_v in_o the_o world_n flourish_v most_o and_o that_o of_o ancient_a greece_n as_o it_o have_v be_v translate_v into_o their_o language_n so_o it_o seem_v to_o have_v be_v by_o the_o acuteness_n and_o excellency_n of_o those_o more_o southern_a wit_n in_o some_o part_n very_o much_o improve_v this_o kingdom_n continue_v great_a under_o the_o caliphs_n of_o egypt_n who_o degenerate_v from_o the_o example_n and_o virtue_n of_o almanzor_n come_v to_o be_v hate_v of_o their_o subject_n and_o to_o secure_v themselves_o from_o they_o by_o a_o mighty_a guard_n of_o circassian_n slave_n these_o be_v buy_v young_a from_o the_o country_n now_o call_v mengrelia_n between_o the_o euxine_a and_o caspian_a sea_n the_o ancient_a seat_n of_o the_o amazon_n and_o which_o have_v in_o past_a and_o present_a time_n be_v observe_v to_o produce_v the_o brave_a body_n of_o man_n and_o most_o beautiful_a of_o woman_n in_o all_o the_o eastern_a region_n these_o slave_n be_v call_v mamalue_n when_o they_o come_v into_o egypt_n and_o be_v bring_v up_o with_o care_n and_o in_o all_o exercise_n and_o discipline_n that_o may_v render_v they_o the_o most_o martial_a troop_n or_o band_n of_o soldier_n that_o can_v any_o where_o be_v compose_v and_o so_o they_o prove_v the_o commander_n of_o this_o mighty_a band_n or_o guard_v of_o mamuluck_v be_v call_v their_o sultan_n who_o be_v absolute_a over_o they_o as_o the_o general_n of_o a_o army_n be_v in_o time_n of_o war._n they_o serve_v for_o some_o time_n to_o support_v the_o government_n of_o the_o caliphs_n and_o enslave_v the_o egyptian_n till_o one_o of_o the_o sultan_n find_v his_o own_o power_n and_o the_o general_n disesteem_v wherein_o the_o caliph_n be_v fall_v by_o the_o effeminate_a softness_n or_o luxury_n of_o his_o life_n depose_v he_o first_o than_o slay_v he_o and_o take_v upon_o himself_o the_o government_n of_o egypt_n under_o the_o name_n of_o sultan_n and_o reign_v by_o the_o sole_a force_n and_o support_v of_o his_o mamalue_n troop_n which_o be_v continual_o increase_v by_o the_o merchandise_n and_o transportation_n of_o circassian_n slave_n this_o government_n last_v with_o great_a terror_n in_o egypt_n between_o two_o and_o three_o hundred_o year_n during_o which_o time_n the_o new_a sultan_n be_v elect_v upon_o the_o death_n or_o depose_v of_o the_o old_a by_o the_o choice_n of_o the_o mamaluc_n and_o always_o out_o of_o their_o own_o band_n the_o son_n of_o the_o decease_a sultan_n enjoy_v the_o estate_n and_o riches_n leave_v by_o their_o father_n but_o by_o the_o constitution_n of_o the_o government_n no_o son_n of_o a_o sultan_n be_v ever_o either_o to_o succeed_v or_o even_o to_o be_v elect_v sultan_n so_o that_o in_o this_o contrary_a to_o all_o other_o ever_o know_v in_o the_o world_n to_o be_v bear_v of_o a_o prince_n be_v a_o certain_a and_o unalterable_a exclusion_n from_o the_o kingdom_n and_o none_o be_v ever_o to_o be_v choose_v sultan_n that_o have_v not_o be_v actual_o sell_v for_o a_o slave_n bring_v from_o circassia_n and_o train_v up_o a_o private_a soldier_n in_o the_o mamaluc_n band_n yet_o of_o so_o base_a metal_n be_v form_v several_a man_n who_o make_v mighty_a figure_n in_o their_o age_n and_o no_o nation_n make_v so_o brave_a a_o resistance_n against_o the_o grow_a empire_n of_o the_o turk_n as_o these_o mamalue_n do_v under_o their_o sultan_n till_o they_o be_v conquer_v by_o selim_n after_o a_o long_a war_n which_o look_v in_o story_n like_o the_o combat_n of_o some_o fierce_a tiger_n with_o a_o savage_a boar_n while_o the_o country_n that_o be_v waste_v by_o they_o be_v looker_n on_o and_o little_o concern_v under_o who_o dominion_n and_o cruelty_n they_o fall_v it_o be_v not_o well_o agree_v among_o author_n whether_o the_o turk_n be_v first_o call_v into_o asia_n by_o the_o greek_a or_o the_o persian_a emperor_n but_o it_o be_v by_o all_o that_o fall_v down_o in_o great_a number_n they_o revolt_v from_o the_o assistance_n of_o their_o friend_n set_v up_o for_o themselves_o