others over which are reckoned in all twenty four Stone-bridges Here is plenty of Lime Marble Timber Stone for building and game with some Alabaster and Salt-springs The Air is good and very healthful cold especially towards the North in which part the Earth also is barren The middle is more level but full of Woods The South is fruitful producing Corn and Grass in abundance Coals and Mines of Iron And so great formerly was the number of Parks and Warrens in this County that most Gentlemens Seats were attended by both This County takes its name from Stafford the principal Town in it anciently called Betheny Built by Edward the Elder Incorporated by King John on the East and South walled Trenched by its own Barons the other two sides being secured by a Lake of Water the River Sowe runs on the East and West of the Town and is covered with a Bridge It hath two Parish Churches a Free-school and many good Buildings Edward VI. confirmed and enlarged their Charter It s Long is 18. 40. Lat. 53. 20. In the year 1357 one Ralph was created the first Earl of Stafford whose Posterity in twelve Descents enjoyed that Honor to the year 1639 when it was finally extinguished in the Person of Henry Stafford In 1640 Charles I. revived this Honour by conferring it upon Sir William Howard Knight of the Bath second Son of Thomas Earl of Arundel and Surrey who was then married to one of the Daughters of the last Earl of Stafford He was Beheaded Dec. 7. 1680. in the Reign of K. Charles II. But the Title revived under K. James II. in Henry his Son the present Earl of Stafford See the Natural History of this County written by Dr. Robert Ploâ—t with the same extraordinary Art and Elaborateness which is peculiar to him Stagira an ancient Town famous for being the Native place of the Philosopher Aristotle thence entituled Stagirita in the Kingdom of Macedonia called afterwards Liba Nova by some and yet said to be extant Stagno Stagnum a small City in Dalmatia and a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Raguza from which it stands thirty Miles to the North upon the Adriatick which affords it the Convenience of an Harbour This Town belongs to the Republick of Ragusa Stainmore-Hill an exceeding Stony Hill as the Northern use of the word Stain signifies in the County of Westmorland Remarkable for a Stone-Cross said anciently to have been erected for a Boundary betwixt the Kingdoms of England and Scotland upon a Peace concluded betwixt William the Conqueror and Malcholm King of Scotland The Arms of England were displayed upon the South-side of it and those of Scotland on the North. Stalemura Anemurium a City in Cilicia upon the Mediterranean Sea called by others Anemâ—ra a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Seleucia between Antioch to the West and Celendris now Palapoly to the East about forty four Miles from Cape Cormachiti in the North of the Isle of Cyprus to the North. Mela placeth it in the Borders of Pamphylia and Cilicia Long. 65. 10. Lat. 36. 50. Stalimene Lemnos a considerable Island in the Archipelago called by the Inhabitants Stilemnos It is one hundred and sixty Miles in compass At first under the Venetians but since conquered by Mahomet II. Fifty Miles from Agionoros or the Coast of Macedonia to the East It hath a considerable City of its own name produces good Wine and is well Cultivated Famous for a Red Earth called from it Terra Lemnia and Sigillata by which the Ottoman Port reaps a considerable revenue Stamboli the Turkish Name of Constantinople Stametz Stametia a small City in Gothland a Province of Sweden which is a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Vpsal but now become a poor Village Stampalia a considerable Island in the Archipelago towards the Sea of Scarpanto called anciently Astypalaea and placed by Strabo in the number of the Sporades It hath a City of its own name now as before when a Temple of great fame throughout Greece adorned it which was consecrated to the honour of Apollo The principal Church is dedicated to S. George and served with the Greek rites under the spiritual jurisdiction of the Bishop of Siphanto who some part of the year resides at it To the City belongs a Castle for its security planted upon a Mountain upon the Frontispiece of which the Arms of Venice France and Thuscany appear displayed This City is the sole settlement in the Island being tho of a fruitful Soil much in want of fresh Water Stanes a large well inhabited and frequented Market Town in Hartfordshire in the Hundred of Branghing with a Bridge over a River leading into Surrey Stanford Stamford Durobrivae a Town of Lincolnshire in Kesteven division of good Antiquity upon the River VVelland on the Borders of Northampton and Rutland with a part in each but the chiefest in Lincolnshire which is great and well peopled having about seven Parish Churches and several Bridges over the River being expanded on both its sides The Roman High Dike or Way leadeth to the North from this Town The Houses are built of Free-stone the Streets fair and large and begirt with a Wall It hath the honour to be a Corporation represented in the lower House of Parliament by two Burgesses And in its Neighbourhood stands a stately Seat and Park of the Earl of Exeter called Burleigh House In the Reign of Edward III. part of the Students of Oxford upon a quarrel between the Southern and Northern Men settled for some time in this Town who erected a College here its Ruins are yet remaining and would not return to Oxford till compelled by a Proclamation whence arose that Statute of the University enjoyning every one by Oath at the taking of Batchelors Degree not to profess Philosophy at Stamford In 1628 Henry Lord Grey of Grooby was created Earl of Stamford and succeeded by Thomas his Grandchild in 1673. Stanhope Stainthorp or Staindrop a Market Town in the Bishoprick of Durham in Darlington Wapentake upon a rivulet running into the Tees Market-Stanton a Market Town in Lincolnshire in the Hundred of Gartree Stargard Vrbs Vetus a City of Holstein Long. 33. 10. Lat. 55. 06. Stargart Stargardia a City of Germany in the Further Pomerania the Capital of which it is upon the River Ihna under the Elector of Brandenburgh five German Miles from Stetin to the East It is a Hanse Town but not well peopled Long. 37. 40. Lat. 53. 23. Staten-Eylandt a small Rocky Island discovered by the Dutch in 1594. to the East of Weigat's Streights near that Coast of Moscovy called by them New Holland Not above one League long and two in Circuit Some pieces of fine clear Chrystal were found about the Rocks The Dutch gave it this Name to signifie an Island of their States Stavelo Stable Stabulum a Monastery in the Diocese of Vtrecht between the Archbishoprick of Triers and the Low-Countries three German Miles from Limburgh to the South There belongs to the
of Sevil Hispalis which were both re-conquered and added to Castile by Ferdinand II. in 1248. It is divided into two parts by the River Guadalquivir Betis and the chief City is Sevil. New Andalusia a Province of the Terra-firmâ— in America between Venezuela and Guiana The chief City of it is new Corduba They used to fish for Pearl upon those Coasts Anoanagar a City in the Kingdom of Decan in the East-Indies almost ruin'd Andance Andancia a small Town in Vivarets in Languedoc in France where the River Dome falls into the Rhosne Andarge a River arising in the Valleys of Vnsâ—an in France which falls into the Arron near Verneuill Andaye a Town in France upon the frontiers of Spain two Leagues from S. Jean de Luz Andeli Andelium Andeliacum a Town in Normandy upon the Seine Anthony of Bourbon King of Navarre and Father to Henry IV. dyed here of the Wounds he received at the Siege of Rouen Anâ—eâ—â—e a River of France arising hard by la Ferte which falls into the Seine at l'Arche Andelot a Town in Champagne in France upon the River Rougnâ—n of extraordinary Privileges Andemaâ—n the name of halt a dozen Islands in the Gulph of Ganges near the Kingdom of Pegu in the East-Indies Andera a City of Phrygia in Asia Minor Andernaâ— Antenacum a Town upon the Rhine in the Archbishoprick of Cologne Anderskaw or Andershouw a great Monastery heretofore now a strong Castle in the Island of Seeland in Denmark delicately built Here Frederick II. dyed in 1548. Andes called by some the Cordillera's is one of the vastest and highest Ridges of Mountains in the World they begin in the North part of the Kingdom of Peru and are continued from thence without any Interruption to the Streights of Magellan by the space of 1000 Spanish Leagues much of the same height and seldom above 20 30 or 40 Leagues from the Pacifick Ocean many of them burn perpetually towards Chili Andiatoroque a Lake of New France in America Andore a fruitful Valley of the Pyranees in Catalognia Andover is a Corporation in the North-west part of the County of Hampshire which sends Burgesses to Parliament and gives the Title of a Viscount to the Honorable Earls of Berkshire now in the Possession of Tho. Howard it is seated about 18 Miles from Southampton to the North-west Andra or Aâ—dra a River upon the Coast of Guinea in Africa Andragiri or Gudaviri a City and Kingdom in the Island of Sumatra in Asia almost under the Equinoctial Andres Androsia a City of Galatia near Engury mention'd by Ptolomy S. Andrews Andreapolis a City of Fife in the South of Scotland North of the Frith of Edenburgh upon the German Ocean into which it hath a fair Prospect and upon which it hath a large Haven The ancient name of this place was Regimund it hath an University erected by James I. An. Dom. 1426. It is also an Archbishops See erected by Pope Sixtus IV. An. 1471. instead of Aberneath The Archbishops of all Scotland were heretofore under the Archbishop of York till James III. of Scotland representing to the Pope that there were frequent Wars between England and Scotland obtain'd from the said Pope That the Archbishop of S. Andrew should be independent Primate of Scotland in the twelâ—th year of his Reign yet Innocentius VIII who immediatly succeeded him obliged this Primate and his Successors to observe the laudable Customs of the famous Metropolitan Church of Canterbury This City in 1651. not surrendring upon the first Summons to our English victorious Rebels was sin'd Five hundred Pounds but had it remitted upon shewing they were poor Scholars It is 38 Miles from Edenburgh to the North-east and 23 from Aberneath to the East it lies in Lon. 17. 28. Lat. 57. 46. Andro Andros Andria an Island in the Archipelago with a City of the same name which is an Episcopal See under Athens inhabited by Greeks Latins and Turks The Antients call this Island Cauros Lysia Nonagria and by several other names Androgynes an antient People of Africa composed they say of both Sexes their right Breast a Mans the left a Womans Pliny and Aristotle Androsen or Androsen Androsa a small Town in the County of Cunningham in Scotland upon the Western Shoar Anduze Andusa ad Gardonem a Town in Languedoc in France upon the River Gardon heretofore fortified demolished by Lewis XIII Anenas or Andenas an Island upon the Coast of Norway Southward Anet a Town in the Isle of France upon the River Eure adorn'd with a Castle of extraordinary Magnificence which was built in the Reign of Henry II. It gives the Title of a Principality to the Duke of Vendosme Angamala a City in the Promontory of Malabar in the East-Indies upon the River Aicot as likewise a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Goa till Pope Paul V. in 1609. changed it into the Archiepiscopal See of Cranganor and constituted that as Metrapolitan of the Christians of S. Thomas Angediva a small Island under the Portuguese in the Kingdom of Decan in the East-Indies Angeles Angelepolis or Puebla de los Angeles a City in a Province of the same name otherwise called Tlascala by the Indians in New Spain in America built in 1531. by the Spaniards who have established an Episcopal See in it under the Archbishop of Mexico Angermund vid. Tangermund Anger 's Juliomagus in Caesar Andes is the Head of the Dukedom of Anjou a large well built City and a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Tours It is Seated on the River Sarâ—re in a very good Air and is also an University founded by Lewis II. Duke of Anjou the Son of King John of France Anno 1388. This City is 26 Leagues from Tours towards the West and within 1 League of the Loire In 1685. Lewis XIV established by his Letters Patents an Academy here of Thirty ingenious Persons who are all to be born in the Province of Anjou under the Title of the Royal Academy of Anger 's The famous Berengarius was Arch-deacon here Angitia the antient name of Selva d'Albi a Forest between the City of Albi in Languedoc and the Lake Fucinus Anglesey Mona called by the Welch Mon or Tir-mon and Anglesey from the English after they conquered it it is compassed on all sides with the Irish Sea which separates it from the County of Carnarvan in Wales by so narrow a Channel that in some places it may be forded at low Water it is in compass sixty Miles making one of the Counties of Wales and the most fruitful This Island was the Seat of the Brittish Druides subdued for the Romans by Suetonius Paulinus in the Reign of Nero but he not being able to perfect the Conquest Julius Agricola his Successor did it effectually Edward I. brought it in Subjection to the Crown of England in 1282 till which time it was under the Kings of North-Wales The Right Honorable Arthur Annesly a great lover of Learning and Books was lately Earl of
Brietius Ardee Ardea a River of Normandy which falls into the British Sea at Auranches near the Limits of the Dukedom of Britain Ardee or Atherdee a small Market-Town in the County of Louth in the Province of Vlster in Ireland King James II. lay encamped upon the Plains here with an Army of 20000 Men whilst the Duke of Schomberg and his Forces were so strongly entrench'd at Dundalk who not accepting of a Battle when it was presented by King James both the Armies retired soon after without fighting into their Winter Quarters November 1689. Ardembourg or Rodenbourg Ardenburgum a Town in Flanders Taken by the Hollanders in 1604. One League from Sluys Ardennes Ardenna Sylva call'd by the Germans Ardenner-waldt and Luitticher-waldt is the greatest Forest in all the Low-Countries it reacheth above 100 Miles in length as this day extending itself through the Dukedom of Luxemburgh the Bishoprich of Liege the South part of Henalt and to the Borders of Champaign it is taken notice of by Cesar and Tacitus Ardes a Tract in the County of Down in Vlster in Ireland upon the Lake of Coin in the form almost of a Peninsula Ardesche a River of the Province of Vivarets in France It passes by Aubenas to the Rhosne into which it discharges itself near S. Esprit and separates Languedoc from Vivarets Ardfeart a Town in the County of Kerry in the Province of Munster in Ireland Ardila a River of Spain whichriseth in Andaluzia and dischargeth itself into the Guadiana below the City of Olivenza in Portugal Ardmonack is a Territory in the County of Rosse in Scotland belonging to the Royal Family of Scotland Charles I. as second Son to King James I. had the Title of Baron of Armonack given him at two year of Age. Ardrach a Town in the County of Longford in the Province of Connaught in Ireland Ardres Ardra is a little but well fortified Town in the County of Guienne in Picardy in France it stands in the Marshes in the Borders of Artois three Leagues from Calis toward the South and a little more from Gravelin Francis I. and Henry VIII King of England had an enterview with each other near this Town in 1520. Both Courts appearing so magnificent that they call'd the place a Field of Cloth of Gold In 1596 Cardinal Albret took it for the Spaniards who did not keep it long § Also the Name of a Kingdom and City in Guiney in Africa Ardret Ardrathen or Ardrat Ardatum a City and a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Armagh in the County of Kerry in Ireland Are Arus a River of York-shire It arises upon the Borders of Lancashire and falls into the Ouse below York Arembourg Areburium a Town of the lower Germany lately adorn'd wiah the Title of a Principality it lies between Colen to the North and Treves to the South upon the River Aer 7 German Miles from Juliers to the South and 4 from the Rhine West Arequipa one of the most considerable Cities of Peru in America upon the River Chila 7 Leagues from the South Sea 70 from Cusco And a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Lima with a commodious Port. It is made rich by the Silver Mines of the Andes that are found within 14 Leagues of it In 1582. an Earthquake as the Country here is very subject to them almost shook it to peices In 1600 the Vulcano which stands by it broke out into terrible Flames They did use to bring the Treasure of Potosi hither but the difficulty of the Road has driven them to Arica Arestinga Liba an Island in the Indian Ocean towards the Provinces of Kherman and Dulcinca in Persia Arethusa a City of Syria which is a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Apamea § Another in Macedonia by some call'd Taino and Renina upon the Bay of Contessa § Also a Lake in Armenia Major near the source of the River Tigris Arezzo Aretium a City and a Bishops See immediately under the Pope in Tuscany in Italy Famous in the time of the old Romans Arg Argus a River of Swabia in Germany Passing by Wangen it afterwards falls into the Lake of Constance Argan a Town in New Castile in Spain A Council here held in 1473 enjoyns every Bishop to say Mass thrice and simple Priests four times at least a year and that none be preferred to Ecclesiastical Dignities who understand not Latin It seems the Learning and Devotion of that age went toutes par la main Argens Argenteus a River of Provence in France It arises from three several Sources then falls into the Ocean near Frejus Agentan Argentomum Argentomagum a City of Normandy in France upon the Vrne Argenten a Town in the Dukedom of Berry in France upon the Creuse Argentor a River in the Province of Angoumois in France falling into the Charente at Porsac Argentrevil Argentolium a small Town three Leagues from Paris There is a Priory in it dependent of the Abby of St. Denis Argile Argathelia a very large County in the Western parts of the Kingdom of Scotland upon the West of Dunbritaine Frith This was the first Country the Scots who came out of Ireland possess'd themselves of as is shewn by Camden out of Bede First also made a County or Earldom by James II. King of Scotland who invested Colin Lord Campbell with the Title of Earl of Argile in regard of his own and of the worth of his Family which is deriv'd from the antient Princes of this Country They have also saith Camden been made Lords of Lorn and for a good while General Justices of Scotland but the two last Earls were unfortunate Anginuses an Island of Greece where the Athenians under Conon obtained a great Victory over the Lacedemonians in the Year of Rome 347. Argipeeni an antient People of Sarmatia They never would go to War with their Neighbours Arglas is a small Town in the Province of Vlster in the County of Down in Ireland with a Haven belonging to it The Lord Cromwel of Oakham is Earl of this place Argonne a Territory part in Champagne and part upon the Borders of Loraine in France Beaumont and Clermont stand in it Argos the antient capital City of a Kingdom of the same name in the Morea now call'd the Province of Romania This Kingdom was Founded by Inachus contemporary with Moses or 346 years before him in Eusebius's Calculation It continued 546 Years then changed into a Republick which maintain'd several Wars with the Grecians The City has been first an Episcopal and next an Archiepiscopal See In 1383 the Venetians bought it In 1463 the Turks took it In 1686. General Morosini reduced it under the Venetians again Argos Amphilogium was a City of Epirus ruin'd long ago § There was another of the Name in Thessalia in Macedonia call'd now Armiro Argow one of the four parts of Switzerland taking its name from the River Arg upon the Borders of Constance Arguin Arguinum a small Island with a Fort upon
Gates of Geneva Gold is found amongst its Sands Arundale Aruntina Vallis a Corporation in Sussex upon the River Arun in which there is a Castle a stately place strong by Art and Nature The Name State and Dignity of Earl belongs to whoever is possessed of this Mannor and Castle without any other Consideration or Creation to be an Earl as Mr Camden acquaints us out of the Parliament Rolls of the 11. H. VI. This Castle stands 9 Miles East of Chichester and the Fee is in the Hands of the most Noble Henry Duke of Norfolk Earl Marshal of England by Inheritance granted by Charles II. in 1672. to the Father of this present Duke who is the Eldest Duke Earl and Baron in England and the first Protestant of this Noble and Illustrious Branch The marmora Arundeliana have made this name universally known amongst the Ingenious of all parts The Corporation sends Two Burgesses to the Parliament Arzilla Zilia Azella a maritime Town in the Province of Hasbata in the Kingdom of Fez upon the Atlantique Ocean well fortified Alphonsus V. King of Portugal surnamed Africanus took it in 1471. The King of Fez besieged it in 1508. without Victory Afterwards the Portuguese abandon'd it Arzeron Aziris a City of Armenia upon the Euphrates the Turkish Viceroy of which has under him 17 subordinate Governors Asasi a Town in the Kingdom of Marocco Asaph Elâ—â—a Asaphopolis a Town and Bishops See in Flintshire in Wales this Bishoprick was erected by Kentigern Bishop of Glascow in Scotland in the year 560. He returning afterwards into Scotland made Asaph a holy Man Bishop of this place from whom it has its Name There is in this Diocese 128 Parishes The Town is mean as well as the Church and it stands upon the River Cluyd about three Miles from the Sea and sixteen from Chester Lat. 53. 22. Long. 3. 17. Asborn a Market Town in Darbyshire in the Hundred of Wirksworth Ascalon was heretofore a City of Judaea in the Tribe of Dan upon the Sea Coast and one of the strongest holds of the Philistines Baldwin I. King of Jerusalem took it from the Saracens about the year 1153. It was made a Bishops See but so destroyed since that not above 50 Families now dwell in it who are Moors and Turks Ascania an antient Town in the Principality of Anhalt in Germany betwixt Magdebourg and Northuhausen it gives the Title of a Count. Aschaffenbourg Asciburgum a City in Germany in the Diocese of Mentz but in the Limits of Franconia and therefore by some ascribed to that Province Heretofore an Imperial or Hans-Town but afterwards exempted it is divided into two parts by the River Mayn which falls into Rhine at Mentz There is in it a stately Palace built of square Stone called Johansburg where the Elector of Mentz often resides This Town is distant from Frankford 6 Miles Eastward Aschen a Castle in Bavaria Aschersleben Ascania an old Town in the Diocese of Halberstad in the Principality of Anhalt in Germany whence the House of Anhalt receives the Name of principes Ascanii almost ruined Ascherne Aschenten Askarna a Town in the County of Limerick in Munster in Ireland upon a River of the Name Ascoli di Satriano Asculum Apulum a small decaying City an Episcopal See under the Archbishop of Benevento in the Kingdom of Naples in the County called the Principate at the foot of the Apennine 35 Miles East from Benevento This City is built on a Hill a former which stood near it having been ruin'd in the year 1399. by a dreadful Earthquake this was built in the year 1410. by the Inhabitants of the other Ascoli upon the River Tronto a City in the Marcha Anconitana in Italy with an Episcopal See immediately under the Pope The Birthplace of Pope Nicholas IV. as formerly of Betutius Barrus an Orator mentioned by Cicero In 1557. the French and Spaniards had a Battle near this place The antient Inhabitants were the first that confederated against the Romans in the Marsick War Sometime after that it was almost ruined but rebuilt and fell to be one of the first Temporal Demains of the Pope Ascot a Mannor in the County of Buckingham which has long belonged to the Loyal Family of the Dormers Earls of Carnarvan and Viscounts of Ascot who were advanced to this Honor Aug. 2. 1628. by Charles I. for whom Robert the first Earl died fighting in the Battle of Newberry in 1643. Asebin Nisivis See Nisbin Asgar a Province in the Kingdom of Fez in Africa to the West between the Provinces of Fez and Habat It s principal Towns are Arasch and Alcasar-Quivir Ashby de la Zouch a Market-Town and Barony in Leicestershire which saith Camden is now in the Earls of Huntington one of which Family Sir William Hastings procured the Town the Privilege of a Fair in the Reign of Henry VI. It stands in the North-West Corner of the County about eleven Miles North-East from Eaton Ash-burtun a Corporation seated upon the River Dart in Devonshire which sends two Burgesses to the Parliament it stands about 17 Miles from Exeter to the South-West and 5 Miles from Newton Ashdale a Place in Scotland of which the late Duke of Monmouth was Baron Ashdod Azotus a City in the Holy Land which was one of the Principalities of the Philistines in S. Jerom's time it was a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Caesarea now a Village called Alzete by the Turks See Azotus Ashford a Market-Town in Kent upon the River Stower in Scray-Lath Ashkrig a Market-Town in Yorkshire in the North-riding and the Hundred of Hang West A S I A the first of the Four parts of the World the Mother and for a long time the Nurse and Mistress of Mankind for here in this Man was created and after the Deluge this was the Place God chose to give Mankind a second Beginning in the 2 first of the General Monarchies viz. the Assyrian and Persian were in this part and to it chiefly was the Church confined till our blessed Saviour came It is washed on three sides by the vast Ocean which on the East is called the Eastern or Pacifick Ocean on the North the Tartarian Ocean or Mar del Norte on the West the Aethiopian Ocean and the Red Sea and it is divided from Europe by the Mediterranean and Black Sea with the Rivers of Tanais Don or Tana Rha and Obb. It is only parted from Europe by the space of 300 German Miles more or less by these Rivers connected to Africa by a Neck of Land of about 30 Miles and whether the North-East part of it is not united with the North-West part of America could never yet be discovered tho probably there is a streight or narrow Sea between them so that lying in the midst of the other three it was the fittest place to be made the Cradle of Mankind from whence the other were all to be peopled It lies in length from the Hellespont to Malacca the utmost Eastern
into the Mediterranean Sea in the Kingdom of Valentia over against Yvia a small Island Xuicheu a City in the Province of Quansi in China Xuncking a City in the Province of Suchuen in China Xunte or Xuntien Xunta a City in the Province of Pekim in China Y A YAcohdal a Royal House of Pleasure belonging to the Kings of Sweden one League and a half from Stockholm in the Province of Vpland Yamato a small Province in Japan Yamaxiro Yamaium a Kingdom in Japan towards the Bay of Noaco The Capital of which is Meaco a vast City Yancheu Yancheum a City in the Province of Nankim in China Yarmouth Gariannonum a great rich and a very populous Sea-Port Town in the County of Norfolk on the Borders of Suffolk at the Mouth of the River Yare from which it hath its Name This River riseth in Norfolk near Hingham and running East watereth Norwich a little above which it takes in the Cringle and at it the Winder becoming navigable by these accessions it hasteth by Bucknam-Ferry to Burg where it takes in the Waveny another navigable River from Beccles a little above Yarmouth the Thyrn all which Rivers form here a convenient Harbour on the German Ocean This was a Roman Town Cerdick the first King of the West Saxons landed first in this place about the year 507. And not fir ding it worth his while to settle went to Sea again and founded the VVest Saxon Kingdom Between this and the Conquerours times this Town was rebuilt by the Saxons In Edward the Confessor's times it had seventy Burgesses about 1340. the Inhabitants walled it Henry II. gave it the first Charter After this they had a VVar with the Town of Lowestoft between which two there was a quarrel which has lasted to our times In the year 1652. there being a VVar with the Hollanders and the Merchants of London oppressing them in the Herring Trade they began to send Ships to Legorne in Italy and by degrees inlarged their Trade to all parts so that it became one of the best traded Towns on the East of England and the Key of this Coast But the two following Dutch VVars fell heavy on them to their great loss In the year 1684. Charles II. made this a Mayor Town not long before his death It has but one Church though a very large one founded by Herbert the first Bishop of Norwich in the Reign of VVilliam Rufus Charles II. advanced the Honour of this place when in the year 1673. he created William Paston Viscount Yarmouth and in the year 1679. Earl of Yarmouth whose Son now enjoys that Title The Corporation returns two Parliament Men. § There is another Yarmouth upon the North VVest Coast of the Islè of VVight in the Hundred of VV. Medine well built with Free Stone fortified with a Castle and VVorks The second Town of Note next to Newport in that Island Yarum a Market Town in the North Riding of Yorkshire in the Hundred of Langbarg upon the River Tees here covered with a fair Stone Bridge Yaxley a Market Town in Huntingdonshire in the Hundred of Normancross Yencheu a City in the Province of Xanton in China Yenne Etanna a Town of France upon the Rosne Yeovil a Market Town in Semersetshire in the Hundred of Stone upon a River of its own name Yer or Jerre Edera a small River of France which falls into the Seyne in la Brie Five Miles above Paris to the East Yesd Yesda a great City in the Province of Airach in the Kingdom of Persia one hundred and thirty Miles from Hispahan to the East Yglesias See Villa de Chiesa Ygnos the same with Eno. Yla See Ila Yocheu a City in the Province of Huquam in China Yonne Icauna Jauna Junna a River of France which ariseth in the Dukedom of Burgundy near Autun from the Mountains de Morvant and passing by Clamecy in Nivernois receives the Cure So passeth to Auxerre where it is first Navigable Then admitting the Serine and the Armancione it falls below Sens into the Seyne Seventeen Leagues above Paris and seven above Melun to the East York Eboracum Eburacum Brigantium the Capital City of Yorkshire and an Archbishops See in the North Riding Called by the British Caer Effroc by Ninius Caer Ebrauc by the English York Seated upon the River Ver or Vre which is since by the Saxons called Ouse from Ouseburne a small River that falls into it It is in Honour Wealth and Greatness the second City of England and the far greatest not only in that Shire but in all the North. Having thirty Parish Churches besides the Cathedral and governed by a Lord Mayor like London A pleasant well built strong and beautiful City and the most ancient Archbishops See in this Island The Vre or Ouse having with a gentle stream entered it from the North-West divides it into two unequal parts united by a Stone-Bridge The West part tho much less peopled is incompassed with a sair Wall the other which is greater more populous and close built is fortified also with strong Walls with Turrets upon them and a muddy Dike Herein William the Conqueror built a strong Castle now ruined by time on the North-East side of this part stands the Cathedral Church dedicated to S. Peter which is a stately and a venerable Fabrick This City was built by the Romans about the times of Hadrian the Emperour and had the honour of a Roman Colony bestowed on it in the Reign of Severus who died in his Palace here in the year of Christ 210. In the year 306 Flavius Valerius Constantius Surnamed Clorus the Virtuous Father of Constantine the Great ended his life in this City Constantine his Son took upon him here the Government of his Fathers share of the Empire who became afterwards the first Christian Emperour the deliverer of the Church and the Establisher and Exalter of the Cross In the times that followed though she had the Honour to be an Archbishops See and Eborius Bishop of this City in the year 313. subscribed to the Council of Arles before Restitutus Bishop of London yet the Barbarous Nations in the next Century breaking in upon the Roman Empire this City suffered from the Picts and Saxons all the miseries of VVar. So that about the year 627. when Paulinus was to Baptize Edwin King of Northumberland they were forced to build a little Oratory of VVood for that purpose all the ancient Churches being entirely ruined Hereupon that Prince began the building of the present Cathedral which was finished by his Successor Oswald From this time forward this Church and City began to revive and flourish again The Archbishops had under them not only all the North of England but all the Kingdom of Scotland till 1471 or as others 74 In 740 Egbert Archbishop of York opened here a noble Library which a contemporary Historian calls the Cabinet of all liberal Arts from whence Alcuinus the Preceptor of Charles the Great and
A GEOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY Representing the Present and Antient NAMES and STATES OF ALL THE Countries Kingdoms Provinces Remarkable Cities Vniversities Ports Towns Mountains Seas Streights Fountains and Rivers of the whole WORLD THEIR Distances Longitudes and Latitudes WITH A short HISTORICAL ACCOUNT of the same and a general INDEX of the Antient and Latin Names Very necessary for the right understanding of all Antient and Modern Histories and especially of the divers Accounts of the present Transactions of EUROPE Begun by EDMUND BOHUN Esquire Continued Corrected and Enlarged with great Additions throughout and particularly with whatever in the Geographical Part of the Voluminous Morery and Le Clerk occurs observable By Mr. BERNARD Together with all the Market-Towns Corporations and Rivers in England wanting in both the former Editions LONDON Printed for Charles Brome at the Gun at the West End of S. Pauls MDCXCIII A REFLECTION upon Le Grand Dictionaire Historique c. OR THE Great Historical Dictionary OF LEWIS MORERY D. D. Printed at UTRECHT 1692. with the Supplement of J. Le Clerc D. D. in Four TOMES in Folio French AND An Account of this Edition of the following BOOK THE Great Historical Dictionary of Monsievr Morery was an unexpected Work to come from a Person who understood not any Greek or Hebrew and had but an indifferent knowledge of Latin For it will be allowed amidst such a multiplicity of Subjects to contain many very ingenious things Yet I desire not to commend him for the Invention he ascribes to the Chinese of the Province of Xamsi who boyl their Victuals he says over Pits of Subterraneous Fires proceeding from the Bowels of the Earth Which to make the Fire burn the quicker and stronger they contract at the Mouths in such a manner as only to leave room for the Caldron to stand For though the Chinese are famous over the World for their Inventions yet the Wit of this hath so little in it of the Wisdom of their Other or Common Sense that it supersedes the Civility of the least pretence to approve of it Neither yet is it possible for me to be reconciled to his Account of a Tribe of the Troglaedytes dwelling continually in the Caverns of a Mountain in the Island of Malta near to a House of Pleasure belonging to the Great Master of the Order of the Knights there A tall robust long-liv'd inhospitable people as he describes them Who speak altogether the pure Arabick Language in which they are instructed as to matters of Religion by the Maronites that come to Malta For there appears no more Probability of an Arabian Race of Christian Troglaedytes at Malta than of a Nation of Pygmies in the Neighbourhood of the Nile Therefore in a word Monsieur Morery as he hath his Excellencies so he hath his great Faults too And it seems to be none of the least remarkable of the Latter That let a thing be never so Fabulous in Pliny and Herodotus or the Histories of the old Greeks never so extravagantly reported by the Modern Books of Voyages and Discoveries or the Common Memoires of the Times yet he mixes it with his purer Geography Which hath given me continual reason to admire the Patience and Labour of his Pen but I disagree with his Fancy if he thought such Collections pleasing to Men of Sense and with his Judgment if he thought them true In his Geography of the Kingdom and Counties of England there is no body but must be offended with him upon other Accounts The principal of our Rivers next the Thames the Severn the Trent the Humber the Medway the Derwent c. None of them have their Names with Descriptions in his Work Peterborough Wells Cambridge Shrewsbury Richmond and Rippon are wholly omitted out of our Chief Towns and Cities Cambridgeshire Hertfordshire Cheshire Shropshire and Wiltshire out of our Counties And all the Description that he gives to Eleven of our Counties more with the Capital Towns thereunto belonging will be justly rehearsed in about Eleven Lines To South-hampton he says a Town and County in the South of England with a Port to the Sea To Stafford a Town and County of England towards the middle of the Kingdom To Surrey a County in the South part of England To Sussex a County in the South of England whereof Chichester is the Capital To Warwick a Town and County of England To Westmorland a County in the North of England which was a part of the Country of the ancient Brigantes To Huntingdon and Leicestershires he adds the Names of the Rivers Ouse and Stower with two or three Towns To Middlesex a small County in the East of England included in the ancient Kingdom of the East Saxons and only considerable for London its Capital To Rutland a County in the middle of England but little considerable having no more than one Town called Oakcham in it To Suffolk a Town and County in the East of England This is Monsieur Morery's way of describing a next Neighbor Kingdom and one of the most Powerful in the World Which is the least that a Geographer says of the most distant and obscure Provinces of China and Japan or the unknown Regions of the Asiatick Tartary And though he may be something larger upon London Rochester Bristol and now and then a County yet he does it with so little Care and Art so ungeographically in comparison to his Illustration of other Countries that take his Accounts of England all together with which those of Scotland Ireland and Wales are done after the like manner and they will be found the crudest and meanest and the most Contemptible part of his Volumes I need take no Notice of his Mistakes about Rutland and Suffolk which occur even in those diminitive Sketches that he gives them and are already sensible to every running Eye He is no less mistaken about the Bishoprick of Coventry and Lichfield A Bishoprick says he about the year 656. was established at Lichfield And there being another Bishoprick afterwards establish'd at Coventry these two Bishopricks in time became united in one Whereas it never from the beginning was otherwise than one and the same Bishoprick primarily established at Lichfield in 656 Next removed to Chester in 1067 or as others in 1075. From Chester removed to Coventry in 1088 and from Coventry returned to Lichfield again in 1186. Whereupon followed an Agreement under Bishop Alexander de Savensby who succeeded to the See in 1220 that the Episcopal Style should be derived from both Coventry and Lichfield yet with the Precedence to Coventry Mons Morery is no less mistaken in the ancient Seat of the Bishops of Lincoln which was Dorchester in Oxfordshire situated at the Confluence of the Thame and the Isis For he hath the fortune not only to attribute it to Dorchester in Dorsetshire upon the River Frome but to quote William of Malmsbury for the same to aggravate the matter in mistaking both his Author and the place together It is
Tract of Sobarbe which has sometime born the Title of a Kingdom Ainzia a Tract in the County of Buchan in Scotland Aire Aturum the chief Town of Gascoine and a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Aux it stands upon the River Adour in the Borders of the County of Armagnac four Aquitane Leagues above S. Sever and sixteen from Bajonne Aire Aria called by the Flandrians Arien by the Spaniards Ere it is a strong City in Artois seated in a Marsh upon the River Leye which falls into the Scheld at Gaunt taken by the French in 1641. and presently recovered by the Spaniards but it was retaken â— the French in 1676. and is now in their possession by the Treaty of Nimeguen It is 12 Leagues from Bologn to the East Aire Aeria by the Scotch Ayr is a small City and Sheriffdom in Scotland upon Dunbritain-Frith on the West of that Kingdom it stands 22 Scotch Miles from Donbritoun South-West Airu a River of Scotland which springs from the Mountains of Mar and unites with the Spei in Buchan The City Aire stands upon it Airy Airiacum a Village in Burgundy in Auxerrois near Clamecy Here was a National Council held in 1020. under Pope Benedict VIII Aisaâ—ce a small River in Normandy which joyns the Colsnon below d'Autrain Aisne Axona a River of France riseth in the Dukedom of Barois and flowing through the Provinces of Champagne and the Territory of Argonne and that of Soissons cuts the City of Soissons in two parts and at last ends in the River Oise a little East of Compeigne in the Isle of France Aix Aquae Sextiae a City of Provence in France It was a Roman Colony and is now an Archbishops See and the Seat of the Parliament of that Province a fair growing Town seated in a large Plain upon a small Rivolet about 15 Leagues from Arles and 13 from Avignon to the East Aix in Savoy an antient City at the foot of the Mountains between Chambery Annecy and Rumilly giving the Title of a Marquess It is famous for Mineral Waters Aix la Chapelle Aquisgranum called by the Germans Aaâ—b by the Dutch Aken by the French Aix by the Italians Aquisgrana it is an Imperial free City of Germany in the Circle of Westphalia within the Borders of the Dukedom of Juliers under which Prince it now is Charles the Great of France died here Jan. 24. 814. and here he was buried having been the Restorer of this City after Attila the King of the Huns had ruin'd it It was almost intirely ruin'd by Fire again in 1656. but is now rebuilding In 1658. there was a famous Peace made here between the present Kings of France and Spain Divers Councils have been held here This City stands 8 German Miles from Cologn 7 from Liege in a low place almost incircled with Hills Aizu a Province of Japan with a Town of the same Name which is one of the best in the Country Akerhuys a Sea-port Town in the County of Aggerhuys not above 15 Miles from Christianstadt in Norway Akerman Alba a City of Moldavia Akersondt an Island belonging to Norway in the German Ocean over against the Cape of Shagen Akertewe a City in the Isle of Maragnan on the Coast of Brasil Akill Achill Achillia a small Island on the Coast of Connaught in Ireland over against the County of Mayo Akroczim a City in the Palatinate of Mazovia in Poland fortifyed with a Castle Aksteede Acsteda a small City upon the River Lun in the Dutchy of Bremen in Saxony under the Swedes Akza a River of Georgia in Asia Al a River of Prussia believed by some to be the Guttalus of Pliny Alahanda See Eblaba Alacranes Islands infested with Scorpions in the New America 20 Leagues from Jucutan Aladuli the Turkish Name of Armenia major Alagon a River of Spain in the Province of Estremadura and Kingdom of Leon it falls into the Taio a little above Alcantara as Rodericus Sylva saith Alaine a small River in the Province of Nivernois in France Alais Alesia a City of Languedoc upon the River Guerdon at the foot of the Mountain Cevennes 10 Leagues from S. Esprit to the East Alalcomene Alalcomenium an antient City of Boeotia famous for a Statue of Minerva and the Tomb of Tiresias Afterwards call'd Ithaca says Plutarch and the Birth-place of Vlysses Alan a small River in Cornwal in England it falls into the Irish Sea at Padstow at the Head of it is a small Village called Camelford where King Arthur is reported to have been slain in Battel Padstow lies about 17 Miles West from Launceston Aland an Island of the Baltick Sea at the entrance of the Botner Sea under the Dominion of the King of Sweden Alar a River of Persia in Hyrcania falling into the Caspian Sea Alarcan Illarco a Town in New Castile in Spain Alares an antient People of Pannonia Tacit. Alaschâ—hir Hipsius Vpsu an antient City of Phrygia and sometime the See of a Suffragan Bishop Alatri Alatrium Alatrinum a City of Campania in Italy and a Bishops See dependent immediately on the Pope Mentioned by the Antients Alava a small Territory in Biscay in Spain Alba or Albe Alba Pompeia a City of Monferrat upon the River Tangro it is an Episcopal See under the Archbishop of Millan heretofore subject to the Duke of Mantua but taken from him in 1631. by a Treaty of Peace and ever since under the Duke of Savoy This City of latter times having suffered great changes is reduced into a consumptive State for want of Inhabitants It is distant from Aste 12 Miles to the South Albana a City of Albania in Asia with a Port to the Caspian Sea Albania an antient Province upon the Caspian Sea in Asia Westward now call'd Zuirie under the Turks § Also a Province of Turkey in Europe which was antiently the Western part of Macedonia and part of Illyrium upon the Adriatique Ocean reduced under the Dominion of the Turks by Mahomet 2. It s chief Cities are Croia Durazzo c. The Inhabitants for the most part are Christians of the Greek Church Albany Albania call'd in Scotland Braid-Albin is a Dukedom in the highest part of Scotland as the Name imports the Seat of the Old Scots upon the declining Western part of Mount Grampus next Lorn and Argile Charles I. in his Infancy at two years of age was created Duke of Albany This Title was also conferred on the Lord Darnly his Grandfather and given by Charles I. to his Second Son afterwards James II. Albano Alba Longa the Mother of Rome from which it lies about 12 Miles It has been ruin'd many Ages It stood betwixt a Lake and a Mountain of the same Name There has been another Albano built near its Ruines which is a Bishops See a Principality and the Title of a Cardinal § Also a City with the Title of a Principality in the Kingdom of Naples Albanopolis an antient City of Macedonia in Greece Alba Julia. See Weissenburg
their Ships near the Castle of Bugia which plaid upon him with their Cannon This last Victory reduced those Pirats to beg a Peace which with the English they have kept the better since The French Fleet commanded by Marescal D'Estree discharged 10420 Bombs into the Town in July 1688. whereby above two thirds of it were destroy'd also 5 Ships in Port belonging to the Government there were sunk or burnt The Algerines enraged thereat shot off the French Consul at the Mouth of a Cannon with several poor Captives which was revenged by the French upon three Algerine Officers they had brought in custody with them whom they shot to death and put their Bodies upon a Hurdle of Planks to be driven ashoar to warn their Countrymen of the effects of their Cruelty This Town is seated 100 Miles from Sally right over against Minorca Long. 20. 15. Lat. 32. 45. Algher Algaria Corax a City of Sardinia call'd by the Spaniards Alguer it stands on the Western Shoar of that Isle in the Northern part of it This City is a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Sassari from whence it is dist 16 Miles to the South The Bishoprick was translated from Orana hither by Julius II. in 1504. Algow Agovia a County of Schwaben a Province of Germany It is bounded on the North by the Danube and by the Lech on the East by the Lake of Constance by the Territory of Hegow to the West and by the Earldom of Tirol to the South In this County lie the Marquisate of Burgow Ausburg and several other considerable Cities and Towns Alhama Artigi a City of the Kingdom of Granada seated upon steep Hills which was the place of delight to the Moorish Kings of Granada it lies 7 Leagues from Granada North-West called in the latter Maps Alcala-real Alhilet Sin a Desert of Arabia Alibaluch an Island in the Caspian Sea over against the Province of Taristan in Persia under the King of Perse Alicant Alonae a Port of the Kingdom of Valentia in Spain on the Mediterranean Sea 10 Leagues from Murcia to the North-East and from New Carthage now Valentia 14. the Bay that comes up to it is now called the Gulph of Alicant Alicate a Town upon the Coast of Sicily Alifa Allipha a City and a Bishops See under the Archb. of Benevento in the Terra di Lavoro in Naples upon the River Voltorno Almost ruin'd Fabius Maximus gain'd a Victory over the Samnites here Aliola a small Island between Africa and Madagascar called in the Maps Alion Alize or Alise Alexia a place in the Dutchy of Burgundy now ruinous formerly famous for the Siege it endured against Jul. Caesar Alkebulan one of the Names by which Africa is called Alla a River in the Ducal Prussia in Poland Allatur a Town in the Kingdom of Cazan in Moscovy upon the River Cama Alleburg a small Town upon the River Alla in the Ducal Prussia in Poland Allelujah a remarkable Monastery in Aethiopia so called from the continual singing of Allelujahs in it Allemaign See Germany Allendorf a small Town in Germany under the Landgrave of Hesse Cassel upon the River Wertz 5 Leagues from Cassel Allere Allera a River in the Lower Saxony which rises in the Dutchy of M gdebourg and passes through that of Lunebourg by Zell and Ferdin to joyn the Weser Allersberg a small Market-Town on the West of the District of Newmarckt in the upper Palatinate it belongs to the House of Newburg Allia a River of the Province of Sabina in Italy See Aia. Allier Elaver a River of France which riseth in Languedoc in the Territory of Guivandan in the Village of Condress at the foot of Losere the highest of the Mountains of Cevennes then running to the North it watereth and divides the County of Auvergne as likewise that of Bourbon where it slides by Moulins and a little beneath Nevers falls into the Loire Allobroges an antient People of the Province of Narbona in Gallia Transalpina so called from the River Labroya upon the Banks of which they had their Habitations at first according to Viterbius They assisted the Carthaginians against the Romans In the Year of Rome 632. the Romans overthrew them under Cneâ—â— Domitius Aenobarbus and Fabius Maximus whence the latter obtained the Title of Allobrogicus Allyn a great Lake in the County of Kildare in Ireland Almagra a Village in the Kingdom of Castile in Spain remarkable for being the Birth place and giving Name to Diego Almagra Pizarro's Comerade in the discovery of Peru in 1525. These two perfidious base-born Vilains taking up Arms afterwards against each other Almagra became Pizarro's Prisoner and was kill'd by Pizarro's Brother Almaguer Almagra a small Town 20 Leagues from Popayan in the Southern America Almedine a Town sometime rich and populous and the Capital of the Province of Duguela in the Kingdom of Marocco but now ruin'd Almeria a City and Port in the Kingdom of Gâ—anada which is a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Granada seated upon the Mediterranean having its Name from Amalricus a Gothish King who built it it is distant about twenty Miles from Granada South-East § There is another Town of the same name in new Spain with a good Port upon the Gulph of Mexico called also Villaricca and by the Indians Naothalon from a River of that name Almina Abyla a Mountain in the Kingdom of Fez in Barbary near the Mouth of the Streights of Gibraltar or the entrance of the Mediterranean supposed to be one of Hercules's Pillars Almisâ—a Almisum Dalmatium by the Sclavom ans called Omisc is a City in Dalmatia upon the Adriatique under the Turks It was sometime a Bishops See before it was united to the Archbishoprick of Spalatro Almo a Rivulet in Campagna di Roma which falls into the Tibur at Rome The Priests of the Goddess Cybele used to wash the Victims that they Sacrificed to her in these streams Almondbury Camulodunum a Town in Yorkshire in the West-Riding seated upon the River Calder about 7 miles from Halifax to the South-East which was once a famous Roman and Saxon City now a Village Almoravides a People near Mount Atlas in Africa who Possessed themselves of the Kingdom of Fez in the year 1052. Almouchiquois Savages of New France towards the River Covacourt and the Isle of Bacchus Almunequar a Town in the Kingdom of Granada Alnewick a Market-Town in Northumberland on the River Alne Alaunus which gives name to it and soon after falls into the German Ocean William the Lyon King of Scots fought a Battle here with the English in the Reign of Henry II. and was taken Prisoner Alney Isâ—e a small Island near Glocester made by the Severn Here Edmond surnamed Ironside one of the Saxon Kings of England fought a single Combat with Canutus the Dane an Invader in the view of both their Armies After which they agreed to reign in Conjunction each in his part dividing the Kingdom betwixt them Aload one of the
Names of Nilus Alopecki a People of Attica near Athens amongst whom according to Diogenes Laertius Socrates had his Nativity Alost a Town in Flanders upon the River Dender This Town was taken by the French in 1667 but restored to the Spaniards again who now have it It lies in the middle between Brussels and Gaunt one mile from Dendermonde There was an Earldom belonging to this place which had Earls of its own till 1165. when it fell to Philip E. of Flanders by Inheritance and was by him united for ever to Flanders Alpes called by the Germans Alben is a long Ridg of Mountains which divide Italy from France and Germany It begins at Port Monaco a Town belonging to the States of Genoua upon the Mediterranean but in the Hands of the French ever since the Year 1641. And ends at the Gulph of Carnaro a part of the Adriatick Sea South of Istria a Province belonging to the Republick of Venice It is divided into divers parts and each of them has its proper Name besides the General From the Port of Monaco to the Fountains of the River Var they are called the Maritim Alpes From thence to Susa the Cottian Alpes from Susa to S. Bernard the less they are called the Greek Alpes from thence to S. Gothard the Pennine Alpes next to these follow the Grison Alpes to the Fountain of the River Piave that part of them which lie near the City of Trent are called by its Name Those that follow as far as Dolak are called the Norician Alpes from the Fountains of Tajamento to those of the Drave they are called the Carinthian Alpes the last are the Julian or Pannonian Alpes Yet some extend them as far as Dalmatia and others carry them to Thrace and the Euxine Sea but it is the most received opinion that they end at the Fountains of the River di Kulpe in Liburnia Thus far Cluvirius Alpheus See Orfea Alpon Vecchio Alpinus a River in the Territories of Verona which falls into the Adige a River which belongs to the States of Venice Alpuxaras Alpuxarae a considerable body of Mountains in the Kingdom of Granada in Spain they were once well peopled but are almost desolate now the Moors that inhabited them having been banished by Philip III. Alre Alera a River in Saxony in Germany See Allere Alrick or Elrick Alriens a River in Twedale in Scotland which falls into the Tweede Al 's or Alsits Alisuntia a River of the Dukedom of Luxemburg in the Low-Countries which washeth the Walls of the principal City and then with the Saar another River of the same Dukedom falls into the Moselle above Treves Alsatia called by the Germans Elsass by the French Alsace in a Province of Germany in the upper Circle of the Rhein lying between Schwaben on the East Lorain on the West the lower Palatinate the Territory of Spire the Dukedom of Bipont towards the North and upon the Switzors toward the South It is divided into three parts Alsatia properly so called and into the lower and upper Alsatia which two last parts with the Bishoprick of Basil Spire and Philipsburgh submitted to Lewis XIII in 1634. and were yielded to the French by the Peace of Munster in the Year 1648. The Territories of the Bishop and Chapter of Strasburg which lie on this side the Rhine belong to the lower Alsatia Alsen Alsa or Alsia is an Island of Denmark in the Baltick Sea on the Eastern-Shoar of the Dukedom of Sleswick from which it is parted by a small Channel At the South end of it stands a magnificent Castle called Suderburgh which belongs to a branch of the House of Holsatia with the Title of Duke and at the North end there is another Castle called Nordoburg possessed by another Ducal Family The whole Island is under the Dominion of the D. of Sunderburgh and is a part of the Dukedom of Sleswick Alsford a Market-Town in Hantshire Alster a River in the Dutchy of Holstein in Germany falling into the Elb above Hamburgh Alssfeldt one of the antientiest Towns in Hassia The Burgers of this Town were the first that embraced Luthers Reformation Alt Alta a small River in Lancashire falling into the Irish Sea at Ahnouth § Another in Transylvania See Olt. Altahein Alteimum an antient Town in the Country of the Grisons Altai a Mountain the same with Belgon Altaich the Upper and Lower is the Name of two famous Monastries on the Danow in the upper Palatinate They have their Names from Altaha Altachum or Altaichum two great old Oaks Altamura or Altavilla Altus Murus a Principality and City in the Province of Bari in Naples Altem-bourg vide Aldenburg Altembourg the Name also of a Town in Transylvania and of another in the Lower Hungary by the Hungarians call'd Owar ◠Of another in Bavaria upon the Danube as likewise of a Ruinated Castle of the Province of Argow in Switzerland giving the Title of a Count. Alten and Altenbotten a River and Branch of the Norwegian Ocean in the Province of Werdhuss Altino Altinum an antient City and Episcopal See within the States of Venice upon the River Sile betwixt Padoua and Concordia Ruined by Attila King of the Huns. The Bishoprick is Transfer'd to Torcello Alton a Market-Town in Hampshire Altorf Altorfium the Capital City of the Canton of Vri upon the River Russ in Switzerland at the Foot of the Alps. § Also a City and University in Franconia upon the River Schwartzac The University was Founded by the Magistrates of Nuremberg in 1579. and received its Privileges from the Emperour Rodolph II. in 1581. There is a Castle to it § A small but antient Town within 2 miles of Ravenspurg in the upper Schwaben in Germany the Guelpian Family were usually Buried here This Town belongs to the House of Austria and is the Residence of the high Commissioners of Suevia Altringham a Market-Town in Cheshire in the Hundred of Buclow Alzira a rich and pleasant tho small City in the Kingdom of Valencia in Spain betwixt two Arms of the River Xucar over which it has two Bridges about 5 Leagues from Valencia Am a famous City in Armenia computed to have 100000 Houses and 1000 Churches Taken by the Tartars in 1219. Amachaches Amacari an American People in Brasil towards St. Sebastian Amacusa an Island and Province under Japan in the East-Indies having its Capital City of the same Name Amadabat or Armadabat a Populous City of great Trade in the Kingdom of Guzurate in the East Indies which finds out of its own Revenue for the Service of the Great Mogul 12000 Horse and 50 Elephants The Chan or Governour assumes the quality of a Prince It is 18 Leagues from Cambaya near the River Indus adorn'd with a Mosque of extraordinary magnificence where lie the Sepulchres of many of their antient Kings being heretofore and Idol Temple of the Heathens till the Turks got the Possession of it Amadan one of the finest and most considerable Cities in Persia
See Slawkow Austrasie Austracia which the Germans called the Westrich was a considerable part of France during the first Race of Kings and had the Title of a Kingdom which was afterwards called the Kingdom of Mets because that City was the Capital of it Under the second Race of Kings it was called the Kingdom of Lothaire The bounds of it were very various sometimes bigger and at others less Austria called by the Inhabitants Oesterreich by the French Autriche by the Turks Beetstan or Weetzstan by the Poles Rakusy is a Province of Germany bounded on the North by Bohemia and Moravia on the East with Hungary on the South with the Dukedom of Stiria and on the West with Bavaria and Salsburgh it is divided almost into two equal parts by the Danube This Province was first under Marquesses from 928. In 1156. they had the Title of Duke given them and Frederick who was after Elected Emperor had the Title of Arch-Duke conferred on him which is the only Title of Arch-Duke in the World From this Country it is that the House of Austria takes its Name of which Family the Emperors of Germany have been ever since 1438. and the Kings of Spain since 1515. It is a very fertile Country amply supplyed with Mines and Rivers Vienna the Capital The Archduke has a particular power of creating Counts and Barons over all the Empire by antient Concession with this privilege besides that he cannot be deprived of his Lands and Principalities by the Emperor himself Authie Attilia a River of Picardy in France It arises near a Castle of the same name in Artois glides by Dourlens and Auxi then falls into the Sea at a place call'd Pas d'Authie Autun Angustodunum Hedua is a very antient City in the Dukedom of Burgundy and a Bishop's See under the Archbishop of Lions seated upon the River Arroux Arotium which falls into the Loire 25 Miles West of Chalon and about the same distance South-West from Dijon Auva a City and Kingdom of Japan Auvagdonne or Achad Achadia a City in the County of Gallway in Connaught in Ireland which is a Bishop's See under the Archbishop of Tuam Auvergne Alvernia is a large Province almost in the midst of France it has the Dukedom of Bourbonne on the North the Earldom of Forez on the East the Marche and Limosin on the West and on the South Rouergue The Southern part is mountainous the Northern is very well watered and fruitful The chief Town is Clermont It had Earls which govern'd it till 1024. when Philip the August put an end to this Earldom upon the Rebellion of Guido the last Earl and annexed it to the Crown of France In this Province there are thirteen Towns which send their Deputies to the Assembly of the States in France Aux Auscii an Archbishoprick and a City in the County of Armagnac in France This City stands upon the River Sers which runs not far before it falls into the Garonne It is distant from Tholouse almost 20 Miles to the North-West and the Archbishoprick is esteemed one of the richest in France Auxerre Antissiodorum is a City and an Episcopal See under the Archbishop of Sens upon the River Yonne Icauna which falls into the Seyne Sequana This City is large and beautiful seated in a fruitful Plain about 12 Leagues from Sens. Auxerrois a small Territory in France adjacent to Auxerre Auxois Alexiensis tractus a Bailiwick in Burgundy in France Auxone Aussona a small but very strong City of the Dukedom of Burgundy upon the River Sone from whence it has its name It is five Leagues from Dijon East and four from Dole Auzone Auzonum a small City of Auvergne in France in a mountainous Country near the River Allier Elaver which falls into the Loire It has an old Castle and is distant from Clermont ten Leagues North. Axbridge a Market-Town in Somersetshire in the Hundred of Winterstoke upon the River Axe Axel Axella a small but strong Town in Flanders under the Dominion of the States of Holland whose Surprisal was the first exploit of Count Maurice of Nassau Captain General of the United Provinces after his entrance upon that Employment in 1587. It stands 4 Leagues from Gant and about 6 from Antwerp West Axholm an Island made by the Rivers Trent and Dun in Lincolnshire About 10 miles in breadth and 5 in length The middle part which is the more rising ground is very fruitful and particularly of Flax. Alabaster is found in it Axmister a Market Town in Devonshire upon the River Axe the Capital of its hundred Axum Auxuma a City and heretofore the Capital of the Kingdom of Tigre in the Province of Sire in Aethiopia Ayr a small Town upon Dunbritain Frith in the South part of Scotland with a River of the same name in the Territory of Kile in which Oliver Cromwel built a strong Citadel or Fort to keep the Scotch Nation in awe Ayr Arola a small River in France which riseth in the Dukedom of Barrois and running North watereth Clermont and Varenne and at last falls into the Aisne Aza a Town in Cappadocia upon the Borders of Armenia betwixt Trebizonde and Neo-Cesaraea Azack Tanais See Asoph Azamor a Town in the Province of Duguela in the Kingdom of Marocco at the mouth of the River Ommirabi The Portugueze took it in 1508 and in 1540 they abandoned it The Moors afterwards repeopled it but being all kill'd or taken in a night by a surprize of the Portugueze it has continued desart ever since Azaotan Azaot the vast Desarts of Libya in Africa Azeca an antient Town of the Amorites in Chanaan where God Almighty rain'd down Hailstones upon them from Heaven Josh 10. 11. Rehoboam repair'd it 2. Chron. 11. 9. It was afterwards ruined in the Wars by the King of Babylon Jerem. 34. 7. Azem a Kingdom in the Terra firma of the Indies beyond Ganges in one of the most plentiful Countries of all Asia for all things necessary to human life The Capital of it is Kemmerouf 21 days journey distant from the Town Azem The People live altogether at their ease They esteem the flesh of dogs particularly above other meats selling great quantities thereof in their Markets Azores commonly call'd by English-men the Canary Islands are 7 Islands in the Atlantick Ocean not unknown to the Antients and by Pliny Solinus and others mentioned under the name of the Fortunate Islands and tho they differ as to the number yet all agree Canaria was one of them but which is most wonderful the knowledge of them was perfectly lost till 1330. when a Ship being distressed by Weather discovered them and it is not agreed whether it was an English French or Dutch Ship In 1334. the Portuguese attempted to conquer these Islands and were beaten off In 1417. Henry King of Castile granted these Isles to one John Betancourt upon condition he should hold them under the Crown of Castile and he accordingly subdued four of
that in 1623. there were said to be 3000 English Inhabitants called Bermudas from the Spanish and Summer Islands from the English Discoverer Bermet a City of the hither East-Indies supposed by Castaldus to be the Barbari of Arrian Bern Berna a great and well built City of Switzerland which has its name from a Bear and carries a Bear for its Arms. Built by Bertoldus Duke of Zeringhen in 1191. upon the River Aar which falls into the Rhine at Waldhust a Town of Schwaben and adorned with a Library and an Arsenat that deserve to be remembred It is the cheif City of the Canton of Bern which is one of the largest Cantons and was added to the rest in 1353. To look a little back into the antient History of this City it obtained the right of an Incorporated City from the Emperors Henry IV. and Philip II. Confirmed by Frederick II. it continued under the Empire till 1228. and then put themselves under the Protection of the Duke of Savoy In 1241. it had an unfortunate War with Gothofredus Duke of Habspurg whereupon in 1243. they made a League with Freiburg as also for ten Years with Wallisserlandt in 1251. In 1287. this City was besieged by Rodolphus of Habspurg They suffered much also from Albertus who had a set Battle with them near their Walls in 1291. wherein they lost many Men but had better Success against the Earl of Savoy the same year In 1346. they renewed their League with Freiburg after which followed the Perpetual League in 1353. whereby it obtained the second place amongst the Cantons In 1528. it imbraced the Reformation and thereupon passed a Law against mercenary Service in foreign Wars It stands about 13 Miles from Bazil to the South 4 from Freiburg to the North and about 20 from Geneva to the North-East This Canton is so well replenished with Gentry handsom Towns good Castles and Villages that you may compare it almost to one continued City and as for the Civil Government of it it is managed by two Councils of Senators under a Chief whom they call in French an Avoyer in German Schaltesch which last is an old Word in the Laws of the Lombards See Doctor Burnett's Letters Bernards Castle a Market-Town in Durham in Darlington Wapentake upon the River Tees which takes its name from a Family that first came into England with the Saxons Bernbourg a small City in Germany in the Upper Saxony in the Principality of Anhalt upon the River Saaldar Sala 4 German Miles from Magdebourg towards the South and as many from Dessaw to the West It is dignified with the Title of an Earldom and the Seat of a Castle Bernich Berenice a City of Africa upon the Mediterranean Sea mentioned by Ptolemy and Pliny but called Hesperia by Mela one of the 5 Cities in Pentapolis between the Promontory Boreum now il Capo di Teiones upon the greater Syrtis and the City of Arsinoe to the East It had its antient name from Berenice the Queen of Ptolemy the third King of Egypt as Solinus saith Bernstadt Bernardi Vrbs a Town in Silesia in the Dutchy of Olss in Germany upon the River Veid or Veida 3 or 4 Leagues from Breslaw Beroa Berrhaea believed to be the modern Aleppo was a famous City amongst the Antients reedified by Seleucus Nicanor and sometime an Archbishops See under the Patriarch of Antioch See Aleppo § Also an antient Town in Macedonia near the River Lydius Berry Bituricensis Provincia Bituriges a Dukedom in France bounded on the North by Sologne on the East by Nivernois and Bourbone on the West by Poictou and part of Tourein and on the South by Limosin The Principal City of this Province is Bourges divided into 2 parts by the River Chur a rich fruitful and populous Province The antient Inhabitants are famous in History for the 2 Colonies of Gauls they transmitted into Germany and Italy under the Command of Segovesus and Bellovesus both Nephews to Ambigatus King of Gallia Celtiqua in the time of Tarquinius V. King of Rome for from the Conquests by them made proceeds the Division of Gallia Transalpina and Cisalpina See Gallia Bersheba or Beerseba an antient City of Palestine by the way of Gaza to which Abraham and Abimelech gave this name because of the Covenant they there mutually ratified by Oath with each other Gen. 21. 31. It fell afterwards by Lot to the Tribe of Simeon Josh 19. 2. and committed Idolatry with the Apostate Tribes as we collect from Amos 5. 5. and S. Jerom. in loc Some take it to be the same now with Gibel Bertinoro Bretinorium Petra Honorii a City in the Province of Romagna in Italy with a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Ravenna hither removed from Forlimpopoli It s Situation is upon a little Hill in the Borders of Tuscany near the River Renco S. Bertrand de Cominges Convenae seu Lugdunum Convenarum a City of France at the foot of the Pyrenean Mountains upon the River Garonne in the Earldom de Cominge which was destroyed by the Franks under King Guntchramnus in 584 but rebuilt by S. Bertrand in 1100. and from him in after times it had its present name It is a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Auch 25 Leagues from Thoulouse to the South and 55 from Bourdeaux to the South-West Berwald a Town beyond the River Oder in the New March in the Marquisate of Brandenburgh remarkable for the Treaty celebrated here in 1631. betwixt the Crowns of France and Sweden and the Princes of Germany Berwick Burcovicum Bervicium Teusis a Town in Northumberland situated upon the North side of the River Twede the most Northern Town in the Kingdom of England and saith Camden the strongest hold in all Britain It stands upon a Promontory so that it is almost totally incompass'd with the Sea and River Delivered up to Henry II. by William King of Scotland as a Pledge for his Ransom being then a Prisoner in England restor'd again by King John upon repayment of the Mony Edward I. in 1297. retook it After this it was won and lost divers times till in the Reign of Edward IV. Sir Thomas Stanley made a final reducement of it to the Crown of England The English Princes have fortified it but especially Queen Elizabeth who Walled it anew within the old Wall and added Out-works after the later Modes by which it was made incredibly strong Henry II. built the Castle and other of our Princes the outward Wall so that all its Works are owing to the English After a long Peace in 1639. this Town saw the English and Scotch Encamped under her Walls again in opposition till a Peace was concluded there Jane 17. However I find before the end of the War they were possessed of it and quitted it Feb. 17. 1646. March 12. 1686. King James II created Mr. James Fitz-James his Natural Son Duke of Berwick Ehis Town lies in Long. 21. d. 43. m. Lat. 55. 48. and sends 2 Burgesses to the
Brentesia a River in the Dominion of the States of Venice in Italy Brent a Market-Town in Devonshire in the Hundred of Stanborough Brentford the New a Market-Town in Middle-sex in the Hundred of Elthorn so called from the River Brent which falls into the Thames betwixt Henden and Hampsted Hills King Edgar assembled a Council here in 960. In 1016. King Edmund Ironfide obtained a Victory over the Danes at this Place which obliged them to raise the Siege of London And 1644. It was advanc'd to the Honour of an Earldom in the Person of Patrick Ruthen Earl of Forth in Scotland by King Charles I. Brescia Brixia call'd by the French Bresse by the Spaniards Brexa is a City in the Venetian Territories in Italy which is a Bishop's See under the Archbishop of Milan aggrandized with the Title of a Duke Marquess and Earl The Capital of the County of Bresciano a large well fortified Place and has a very strong Castle upon a near Hill It lies between the Rivers of Gorza and Mela in a Plain 15 Miles from the Lake of Benaco to the West and 50 from Milan to the South-East built by the Senones and was once under the Dukes of Milan before it sell into the hands of the Venetians The County of Brescio has Verona to the East Bergamo to the West Cremona to the South and the Valtoline and the County of Tirol to the North. It is a great and fruitful Country Breslaw Budorgis Vratislavia Budorigum call'd by the Poles wroclaw is the Capital City of Silesia and of the Dukedom of Breslaw A Bishop's See under the Archbishop of Gnisen in Poland great and well built and once a Free and Imperial City but it was afterwards exempted from the Empire and is now a kind of Free-State It stands on the River Oder towards the Confines of Poland Made a Bishop's See in 1033. About the Year 1000. it was built by Miceslaus Duke of Poland the Cathedral Church was built by Casimirus King of Poland in 1041. Near this place Boleslaus King of Poland was overthrown by Henry V. and forc'd to take an Oath of Allegiance This City lies 35 Miles from Cracow and 40 from Berlin Bresle a small River near Calais in France Bresne a small River near Tours in France Bresse Bressia Sebusiani Populi is a Province of France bounded on the East by Savoy on the West with Lionois on the North with Charolois in the Dutchy of Burgundy and some part of the Franche County and on the South with Dauphine It is a pleasant and fruitful Country and lies between the Soasne and the Rhone Bèllay and Bourg are its chief Towns It belong'd from the Year 1285. to the Dukes of Savoy till 1600. when it was surrendred to Henry IV. of France in lieu of Saluzzes a Marquisate in Italy Brest Brivates a very good Sea-Port in the Dukedom of Bretagne in France which as Scaliger saith was call'd Gesocribate by Ptolomy It lies on the most Western Coast of Bretagne about 50 Leagues from Nantes to the North-West This is the Magazine of the Admiralty of France situated upon the Ascent of a Hill and secured with New and Noble Fortifications both to the Sea and Land The Sea enters into the Gulph of Brest by 4 Ways and the Vessels there are always afloat § Also a Town in the Province of Cujavia in the Kingdom of Poland with a Castle well built in a Marshy Place near Vlaldislaw and the Vistula Here in the Years 1595. and 1620. two Councils were assembled for the Union of the Greek Church of Lithuania with the Latin § The same Name is given to a French Colony in New-France in America Brescici Bressicia call'd by the French Briescio is a small City in Lithuania the Capital of a Palatinate of the same Name It lies between Lithuania Russia and Polachia upon the Bug and has a tolerable good Castle Bresuire a small City in France in Poictou 3 Leagues from Parthenay and as many from Thuray Bretagne Armorica Britannia Minor is a Province of France 70 Leagues long and betwixt 35 and 40 broad containing 9 Bishopricks who are all Suffragans to the Archbishop of Tours In three of these that is Cornouaille S. Paul de Leon and Figuier the Inhabitants entirely speak Briton a Language the same in abundance of words with the Welsh in the other three to wit Nantes Vennes and S. Brieux they speak Briton and French mix'd yet the most ordinary Sort only Briton in the rest they speak all French It is bounded on the East with Normandy and the County of Maine on all other sides with the English Seas upon the South side it has the Loire which divides it from Anjou but yet the County of Raiz which belongs to Bretagne lies on the South side of that River between it and Poictou The Britains were first brought hither from England by Maximus in 389. To which a great Accession was made by the driving out the Britains by the Saxons They erected a Kingdom here in 485. I suppose after the coming of the second Saxon Colonies which lasted till 874. when a lesser Title was taken up with the same Power which continued till 1498. under 28 Dukes when Lewis XII married Anne the Daughter of Francis II. the last Duke of Bretagne who in 1484. had been married to Charles VIII K. of France before Francis I. of France succeeded in the Right of Claude his Wife whose Issue failing the Right fell to the Duke of Savoy but the French kept the Possession § New Bretagne a Province of New-France in America upon the Gulph of S. Lawrence Its Settlements are call'd Brest Belle Isle c. Brewood a Market-Town in Staffordshire in the Hundred of Cudleston The Bishops of this Diocese had their Palace here before the Conquest Bretevil a Town in High Normandy in France upon the River Iton Brianzon a City in the Dalphinate supposed to be one of the highest in the World It is the Capital of the Bailywick of Brainzonnois in Ptolomy call'd 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Antoninus Brigantium in Am. Marcellinus Virgantia The Dure and the Ance the two Sources of the Durance unite below it The Castle stands upon the top of a Rock and is very strong Yet taken from the Leaguers by the Duke de Lesdiguieres in 1590. § Likewise a Village in Provence in the Diocese of Glandeves where they find Numbers of Medals with Inscriptions § And a Castle in the Territory of Tarantaise in Savoy upon the River Isere about 1 League below Moutiers with a Village of the same Name These two last mentioned Brianzon's are also call'd in Diminution Brianzonnet Briare a Town in the Dutchy of Orleans upon the River Loire where the Channel is cut for the Communication of the Loire and the River Seine In 1652. a Battle was fought here betwixt the Army of the King of France and that of the Princes The New Channel takes the same Name in Latin
Market-Town in the County of Norfolk in the Hundred of Frebridge which Elects two Burgesses for the Parliament The Haven here being many years since choak'd up with Sands has brought this Town into decay Caston a Market-Town in Norfolk in the Hundred of S. Erpingham Castor a Market-Town in the Division of Lindsey in Lincolnshire and in the Hundred of Bradley Castres or Chartreux Castrum Albiensium a City and a Bishop's See upon the North side of the River Gout in the County of Albigeois in Languedoc in France This Bishoprick was first instituted by P. John XXII in 1317. under the Archbishop of Berry but in 1678. it was put under the Archbishop of Alby from which place itstands 7 Leagues to the South and 10 from Tholouse to the East The Huguenots took and Pillaged it in 1567. It also honoured with the Title of an Earldom Castro a Dutchy and Town belonging to the House of Farneze the Dukes of Parma but likewise challenged by the Ecclesiastical State For in the Wars betwixt Edward Duke of Parma and Pope Vrban VIII this Town amongst others was seised for the Pope in consideration of the Arrears of a certain Rent reserved to the Apostolick Chamber from the Dutchy as held to be a Fief of the Church Innocent X. razed it entirely to the ground and in the place thereof erected a Pillar with this Inscription Here was Castro and annexed the Dutchy to his See But the said Annexation was conditionally revoked by the Treaty of Pisa in 1664. The admirable Palace of Caprarola stands in this Dutchy The Dutchy is bounded on the East by S. Peter's Patrimony the Siennese to the West the Mediterranean to the South and the Territory of Orvieto to the North. The City had the Honor to be a Bishop's See immediately under the Pope till the Year 1646 that Innocent X. transferr'd the See to Acqua pendente and quite destroy'd Castro as we said in revenge because the inhabitants happened to kill the Bishop that he sent thither to reside and govern It stood about 11 Miles from the Sea near Toscanella and Corneto environed with such Precipices as rendred the access to it very Difficult § A City in the Terra di Otranto in the Kingdom of Naples being a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Otranto upon the Shoars of the Ionian Sea Ravaged by the Turks in 1537. who carried away a great Number of the Inhabitants into Slavery Some suppose it to be the Castrum Minervae of the Antients § There are others of inferiour Note One in the Hither Calabria near Cassano A second in the Province of Abruzzo call'd Castro Novo A third in the Campagnia di Roma A fourth in the Basilicate Another in the Island of Meleos c. Catadupi a People of Aethiopia about the Cataracts of the Nile deafned says Tully in Somnio Scip. by the Noise of them Catalognia a Province and Principality in Spain bounded on the West by the Kingdoms of Arragon and Valentia on the East and South by the Mediterranean Sea and on the North it has the Pyrenean Hills which separate it from France Heretofore it had Earls of its own who were under the Protection of the Crown of France but in 1137. it was annexed to the Kingdom of Arragon a mountainous but fertile Country and well watered with Rivers The Inhabitants are great Lovers of their Civil Liberties and being ill us'd by some Irish Soldiers which were quartered upon them in 1640. they revolted from Spain and call'd in the French but during the Civil Wars of France about 1652. they returned to their old Master the King of Spain again By the Treaty of Peace in 1659 the Pyrenees are made to divide the two Kingdoms of France and Spain Barcelona is the Capital City of this Country Catania one of the principal Cities of Sicily on the Eastern shoar of that Island about forty Miles North of Syracuse It has a Port made of late Years and is a Bishop's See under the Archbishop of Montreale On the South of it runs a small River called Judicello This City was built by the Chalcidian Greeks as Eusebius saith Charles V. wall'd and fortified it against the Turks and Moors by which Securities it grew Great and Rich but in 1669. it suffered very much by a dreadful Irruption of Mount Aetna which stands about 20 Miles North from it four Rivers with Fire or melted Rocks and Earth making their Way through the Territories of this City and bearing down all before them passed a Mile into the Sea before those Waters were able to conquer this outrageous Fire so that it was then thought the whole Island of Sicily would have perish'd Aetna is observ'd to overflow with Torrents of Fire every 15 Years K. Hiero died in this City The Remains of an Amphitheatre with divers Inscriptions and Marks of its Antiquity are yet to be seen Long. 39. 40. Lat. 37. 00. Our English Sandys saith That the Bay upon which it stands is but shallow and not capable of Ships The Country fruitful and the City being an Vniversity and not having much Trade is the more inhabited by Gentlemen Catanzaro Catacium a City in the further Calabria in the Kingdom of Naples with a Bishop's See under the Archbishop of Regio 2 or 3 Miles from the Ocean between Squillaci and Nicastro Cataonia an antient City and Country in Asia Minor between Cilicia and Cappadocia in Strabo's time subject to the King of Cappadocia Bellona had a sumptuous Temple in her honour in this City to whose service above 6000 Men and Women were Consecrated under the direction of a Soveraign Priest who here resided Cateau or Catteau-Cambresis Castrum Cameracense a small Town in the district of Cambresis 5 Leagues from Cambray and 2 from Landreci The Treaty of Peace in 1559. by the French said to be so disadvantageous to them was celebrated here Ce Catelet a Town in Picardy upon the River Escaut and the Frontiers of Hainault and Cambresis Taken by the Spaniards in 1557. and once again in this Age but restored to the French by the Treaty of the Pyrenees in 1659. A considerably strong place Caterlagh Catherlogh Carlough Caterlogum a City in the Province of Leinster in Ireland on the West side of the River Barrow 30 Miles South-West of Dublin which Lionel Duke of Clarence began to Wall and Bellingham Lord Lieutenant of Ireland fortified with a Castle This is also the head of a County of the same Name Cathness Catnesia Cathanesia is the most Northern County in the Kingdom of Scotland on the North and East washed by the Caledonian Ocean on the West it hath the same Ocean and the County of Strathnavern in part and on the South it hath Sutherland Generally barren little inhabited yet it is a Bishoprick and an Earldom Catolica a Town in the Province of Romagna in Italy between Pesaro and Rimini so call'd in the third Century from the Catholicks of the Council of Rimini who
and Montargis Chasteau-du-Loyre A Town upon the Loyre in the Province of Maine five or six Leagues from Mans with the Title of a Barony It belongs to the Demesnes of the Crown Chasteau-Meliand a small Town and Chatellany in the Province of Berry in France remark'd particularly for its Castle and a Tower said to be built in the time of the Romans Chasteau-Neuf A Town in the small Territory of Timerais within the Province of Perche in France with others of the same Name in Anjou Berry Bresse c. whereof nothing particular Chasteau-Pelerin a Fortress ten Miles from Caesarea upon the Sea Coast in the Holy Land built for the security of the Christian Pilgrims that travel'd to Jerusalem and in the year 1217. enobled with a Palace which the Templars erected for the service of their Grand Master It has been since neglected and nigh ruin'd Chasteau-Porcien A Town and Principality upon the River Aisne in the Territory de Retel in Champagne below Rhetel It was advanc'd to the Dignity of a Principality by Charles IX in 1561. Chasteau-Regnard a small Town in the Territory of Gastinois in France upon the River Ouaine two Leagues from Montargis Chasteau-Regnaud a little Sovereignty upon the Meuse in Champagne in the Territory of Retelois two Leagues from Charleville The Town is fortified and the Title now born by Monsieur Chasteau-Regnaud the French Admiral who engaged Admiral Herbert at the Bantry in 1689. May 1. Chasteau-Rous a Town in Berry upon the River Indre between Bourges and Blanc Lewis XIII advanced it to the quality of a Dukedom and Peerdom in 1616. It is a considerable large Town with a good Castle and divers publick Buildings In Latin Castrum Rufum and Castrum Rodulphium § Also a City and an Episcopal See in the Island of Negropont by the Ancients call'd Carystus by the Italians Castel rosso The famous Carystium Marmor comes from hence Chasteau-Thierry Castrum Theodorici a City in the Isle of France four Leagues South of Chastres It stands upon the Marne in the Confines of Champagne and is a heat City and a Dukedom beautified with a Castle and divers Churches Baudrand placeth it in Brie twenty Leagues from Paris to the South Chastel-Chinon a small Town in the Province of Niverhois in France near the River Jonne towards the Confines of Burgundy Chastellet Castelletum a Town in Namur upon the River Sambre six Miles West of Namur There is another Town of the same Name in Picardy at the head of the Scheld three Leagues from St. Quintin North. This latter has been fortified being a Frontier Town but in 1674. it was dismantled Chastel-herault a Town upon the River Vienne in the most Eastern Border of Poictou seven Miles from Poictiers to the North-East Francis I dignified this Town in 1514. with the Title of a Dukedom and Peerdom It was often taken and retaken in the French Civil Wars Chastillon sur Indre a small Town in the Province of Touraine some say Berry in France upon the said River § Chastillen sur Loing a handsom small Town in the Territory of Gustinois in France about 4 Leagues from Montargis upon the River Loing § Chastillon sur Loyre a Town in the Province of Berry below Cosne upon the Loyre § Chastillon sur Cher is in the same Province towards the Confluence of the Sandre and the Cher. § Chastillon sur Marne A handsome small Town in Champagne with a Chatellany thereunto belonging between Espernay and Chasteau-Thierry There is a noble and ancient Family deriving their Name from it § Chastillon sur Seyne a pretty Town in Burgundy between Alseile-Duc and Bar-sur-Seyne divided in two by the River that distinguishes it from all the foregoing La Chastre A great Town upon the River Indre in the Province of Berry in France between S. Severe and Chateau-Roux imparting its Name to a considerable Family of that Kingdom Chatham a long thoroughfare Town in Kent in Aylesford Lath upon the Bank of the Medway and near Rochester It is the principal Station of the Royal Navy of England and therefore well provided with Storehouses and a Dock for the building and equipping of the same Chatzan a Town in the Kingdom of Hajacan in the East Indies within the Dominions of the Grand Mogul not far from the conjunction of the Rivers Behat and Nilab Chaumont en Uexin Calvomontium a Town in that part of the Isle of France call'd Vexin upon a small River about five Miles West of Beauvais which has a ruined Castle Chaumont sur Marne called Vexin-Francois a very fine Town in Champagne five Leagues South-West of Joinville and about the same distance from Grand to the West This was first walled in 1500. and has received its growth from the hands of three Kings Lewis XII Francis I. and Henry II. Chauni Calniacum a small Town and Chatellany in the Government of the Isle of France upon the River Oise between Noyon and la Fere. It belongs to the Crown Chaxan a City in the Territory of Chingyang within the Province of Huquang in China The Mountain Nuiqua famous for a Temple that is built upon it in honour of a Woman a pretended Prophetess amongst the Chinese stands near it Cheadle a Market Town in Staffordshire in the Hundred of Totmonslow Checkley a Market Town in the same County and Hundred preceding upon the River Teane Chekiam a Province of China which has Nankim on the North and the River Kiam Kiamsi on the West Fokien on the South and the Chinian Ocean on the East the principal City is Hamcheu it contains eleven Cities sixty three walled Towns and 1242135. Families It lies between 27. and 32. deg of Lat. Chelles a Town in the Isle of France near the Marne famous for a Nunnery founded in 662. by the Queen Bathilde It had heretofore a Royal Mansion also standing in it Chelmer a River in Essex on which Maldon is situated Chelmesford Caesaromagus a Town in Essex twenty five Miles North of London Chelo A Fort in the Province of Junnan in China Chelsey a place deserving particularly to be remark'd for the Magnificent and most Delightful Hospital begun by King Charles II. continued by King James II. and now perfected for the refuge and maintenance of disabled poor and Veterane Soldiers here This being such a stately Pile as to surpass by confession in divers respects the famous Hotel des Invalide at Paris It s situation near London is better known than that we should need to mention more Cheltenham a Market Town in Glocestershire and the Capital City of its Hundred Chemnis an Island of Egypt mentioned by Herodotus Apollo had heretofore a Temple in it The people used to believe that it floated § We find mention made in Herodotus of a great City also of this Name near to Nea in the Country of Thebes Chepstow a fine Market Town on the River Wye on the Eastern Border of the County of Monmouth in Wales It is fortified with a
which about one hundred years since saith Mr. Wheeler was nothing but an old Castle and the present Suburbs of the Castati But now it is a good large City and an Archbishops See well fortified with Walls on the South and two Castles at the East and West Ends the side towards the Harbour is not so well fortified nor needs it This Town would be almost impregnable were it not for a Rock that stands towards the the West and commands the adjoining Fort with a great part of the Town Here resides the chief Govour of the Venetian Islands both in Civil and Military concerns The Inhabitants are of the Greek Church but much Latinized The Soil not so fruitful of Corn as to supply the Inhabitants but then it produceth Wine Oil and all sorts of good Fruit. In the year 1537. Solyman II. Emperour of the Turks sent his famous General Barberoasse with an Army of five and twenty thousand Men to make a Descent upon this Island as they accordingly did but were forced by the Venetians to an Inglorious Retreat thence again Cory one of the chief Towns in Georgia called Hermastis and Armactica by the Latins There is another of the same Name in Dalmatia mentioned by Pliny and Ptolomy under the Name of Corinium five or six Miles from Novigrod upon a Hill and a third in the Ecclesiastical State in Italy Coria Caurium Caurita a City upon the River Alagnon in Old Castile five or six Leagues from the Frontiers of Portugal The Bishop of it is a Suffragan to the Archbishop of Compostella Corinth Corinthus Heliopolis a City of the Morea which is an Archbishoprick under the Patriarch of Constantinople built in the year of the World 3066. near the Isthmus between the Ionian and Aegaean Seas At first subject to Kings but growing powerful and rich by Commerce it became a Common-wealth It s situation affording it two Noble Havens to the East and West it was the first City of Greece that set out Trireines or great Gallies to Sea by which it became the richest and one of the most powerful Cities in all Greece it treated the Roman Embassadors with that Insolence that they decreed the total ruine of it which was effected by L. Mummius Achaius 146. years before the Birth of our Saviour Julius Caesar re-built it S. Paul converted it to Christianity and honoured it with two Epistles and Clemens Romanus with a third of the next immediate antiquity and value Thus it became the Metropolis of Achaia in after-times it had Despots or Princes of its own from whom it passed to the Venetians by their Grant But in 1458. Mahomet II. dispossed that Republick of this Noble City and they have since treated it with so much Tarkish cruelty that there are not many Houses in it inhabited by poor Men rather out of necessity than choice It is hoped the Venetians may give it another resurrection out of its desolation and ruines they having recovered it in Aug. 1687. without opposition They now call it vulgarly Corantho The old Acrocorinthus a strong Cittadel built upon the top of a very high Hill and the proud Curtezans here of higher prizes than for every one to give it is supposed severally or together occasioned the Proverb Non licet omnibus adire Corinthum Long. 49. 15. Lat. 38. 11. § Apollodorus writes of three Corinths more the first in Thessalia the second in Epirus the third in Elis. Corlin Corlinum a City in Pomerania subject the Duke of Brandenburg ever since 1648. upon the River Persant three German Miles from the Baltick Sea and five from Treptow to the East It has a Castle and was before subject to the Bishop of Camin Corneto Cornuetum a Bishops See in union with that of Monte Fiascone subject only to the Pope in the State of the Church upon the River Marta four Miles from the Tyrrhenian Sea and forty six from Rome to the West very little inhabited being unhealthfully seated Cornovaile or Cornoaille a Territory in Britany in France called Corisopitum by the Latin Writers the Capital of which is Quimper-Corantine Cornwall Cornubia Cornavii Damnonii is the most Western County of England It has Devonshire on the East from which the River Tamer parts it and on all the other sides is surrounded with the Sea For a long time the Store-house of Tin to the whole World till in 1240. there were other Mines of this found in Misnia and Bohemia by a Cornishman The Soil of this County is tolerably fruitful but Mountainous In some Rocks they find a sort of a Precious Stone call'd the Cornish Diamond shaped and polished by Nature and many times as big as a Walnut only not so hard as a Diamond of the right kind The Inhabitants are the Reliques of the old Britains and still retain their Language It was by Edward II. in 1336. made a Dukedom and given to his Son Edward and has ever since belonged to the Eldest Son of the King of England who is born Duke of Cornwall Coro a City of South America near the Sea in the Province of Venezuela under the Spaniards It is built after the manner of Venice upon a Lake amongst a number of little Islets Thence often it self call'd Venezuela or Little Venice Coromandel a Kingdom on the East side of the Promontory of Malabar in the East-Indies divided from the Malabars by the Mountains of Balagatta which run from North to South to the Cape of Comori it lies along the Eastern Shoar an hundred Leagues in length St. Thomas a Town in 32. deg of Latitude is in this Kingdom in which the Portuguese found Christians of the Greek Church when they came first hither who put the City into their Hands and they enjoy it still it hath many good Harbours much frequented by the Europeans especially in Winter The Natives are yet for the most part stupid Pagan Idolaters as Mr. Herbert saith and and of a Dusky Complexion This Country was divided amongst many Princes but at present is subject to one saith Mendelslo who resides some times at Bisnagar and some times at Narsinga Coron Corona a Maritime City in the Morea on the Southern Shoar opposite to the Coast of Barbary it is situate on the richest and most fruitful Province of this Country called Belvedora ten Miles by Land and twenty by Sea from Modon The Venetian's built here in 1463. a great Tower for a Magazine but they enjoyed it not long for Bajazet II. took it after a Siege in 1498. It was attempted in 1533. by the famous Johni Doria Admiral of Spain and taken but could not be long kept It was taken again by the Venetians after a sharp Siege in 1685. and may they long enjoy it It is a very strong City with a safe and large Haven and in former times was a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Patras Coronea an ancient City of Boeotia in Greece near Leuctra to the East and the River Cephisus North. It was here
most admired and rich Temple of Apollo Pythius and the Oracle which the Gauls under Brennus attempted in vain to spoil in Christian times became a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Athens but since it fell into the hands of the devouring Turks it is become a poor small Village twenty Miles West from Leucadia forty from Lepanto to the East and about seven saith Baudrand from the Bay of Corinth It is observed by Suidas Cedrenus Nicephorus and divers others that about the time of the Nativity of our Saviour this Pythian Oracle became dumb And Augustus being astonished at its silence received for answer Me Puer Hebraeus divos Deus ipse gubernans Cedere sede jubet tristemque redire sub orcum Aris ergo dehinc tacitis abscedito nostris Nero afterwards plundered it of five hundred Statues of Brass with all its Wealth broke down its Buildings and distributed the Lands belonging to it amongst his Souldiers Delta an Island made by the Nile in Egypt of the fashion of the Letter Δ in the Greek in the way as that River flows from Cairo Ptolomy mentions two a greater and a less of this sort The ancient City Busiris did stand in the midst of this Island Demer Tabuda a River in Brabant Demetriade Dimnitrado Demetrias an ancient City of Magnesia in the Province of Thessalia in Macedonia upon the Gulph dell ' Armiro or the Pelasgicus sinus of the Classicks It has been heretofore a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Larissa from which it stands twenty Miles to the East Denbigh Denbiga one of the twelve Shires in wales has the Irish Sea on the North Flintshire on the East Merinoth on the South and Caernarvan on the West The principal Rivers are Cluyd Elway and Conwey which last separates this Shire from Carnarvan The West part is barren the middle where the Cluyd runneth is plain and very fruitful the last part except what lies upon the D 〈…〉 is less fertil Denbigh the principal Town stands upon a declining Rock H. Lacy Earl of Lincoln obtaining a Grant of this Place from Edward I. walled it and set up a Castle on the South side but wanting Water and being of difficult Access the Inhabitants have by degrees removed their Dwellings nearer the River and in Mr. Cambden's time were building a second Church the former not being able to contain the Inhabitants This Town has the River Aled or Elwy on the West and the Cluyd on the East which meet beneath it to the North it has a Bridge over both of them the later Maps place the Elwy on the South of the Town It stands fifteen Miles from Chester to the West and four from S. Asaph to the South The Right Honorable William Fielding is Earl of Denbigh and the fourth Earl of his Family Dendermonde Teneramunda is a strong Town in Flanders upon the River Schelde where the Tenera from Alost falls into it lying in the middle between Gant and Antwerp about five Leagues from either Denmark Denemarck Dania Cimbrius Chersonesus called by the Italians and Spaniards Danimarca by the Poles Dunska Is one of the most ancient Kingdoms of Europe yet of no great Extent Part of a vast Peninsula called of old Cimbricus Chersonesus in middle time Jutland and some Islands in the Eastern and Baltick Sea make the body of this Kingdom except that the Kingdom of Norway together with Greenland Island and Feroe is now annexed to it It was once a part of the Kingdom of the Goths but now a separate Kingdom consisting of two parts Jutland and the Isles The North of Jutland only is under the King of Denmark viz. Nort Jutland and the Northern parts of Suder Jutland Of the Islands Zeeland Fuynen and Bornholm in the Baltick Sea and Island in the Virgivian Ocean are the chief Coppenhague in the Isle of Zeeland is the Capital of the whole There were also three Counties on the Norway side Blecklen Schania and Haland which belonged originally to Denmark but in 1645. by the Treaty of Brooms-Boa these and some other Islands were surrendered by Christian IV. to the Swedes for ever and again in 1658. and 1660. confirmed to the Swedes This Kingdom had heretofore the Isles of Shetland on the North of Scotland which were granted to James VI. as a part of his Queens Dowry The King of Denmark possesseth also in Germany 1. Half the Dukedom of Holsatia 2. The Counties of Oldenburgh and that of Delmenhorst which two fell to him by Inheritance from the last Count of Oldenburgh Till 1660 the Crown was Elective but then made Hereditary by Frederick III. The Danes have also enlarged their Princes Bounds by planting a New Denmark in the North of America This Kingdom once was one of the most Powerful in Europe as may be remembred more particularly to us by their Incursions into England Scotland and Ireland where they maintained War with our Ancestors above three hundred years together But by the Fate of Time War and other humane Calamities reduced to the state in which it now is The Danish Writers derive its Name and pretend to give a Catalogue of their Kings from Dan the Son of Jacob. It is a cold Climate but fruitful enough in Corn Cattle and Fish and the greatest Revenue of the Crown comes from the Toll that is payed for passing the Sound Denia a Sea-Port in the Kingdom of Valentia in Spain over against the Isle of Yvica on the Mediterranean Sea eleven Miles from Valentia to the South Denin a celebrated Nunnery in the Low Countreys upon the Road from Valenciennes to Doway where the Chapter is composed of 18 Chanonesses who are all Ladies of Quality taking the Title of Countesses of Ostrevan from their Founder S. Aldebert an Earl of Ostrevan who left both his Estate and Dignity to them They enter into no Vows Marry at their pleasure leaving only their thanks to the Chapter for the honour they have enjoyed by it St Dennis en Uaux ad Sanctum Dionysium in Vallibus a Town in the Dukedom of Orleans in France St. Dennis Carriere a Town and a famous Monastery in the Isle of France two Leagues from Paris to the South one of the richest Monasteries in that Kingdom upon the River Crou which a little lower falls into the Scin. The Abbey was founded in 636. by Dagobert King of France in honor of S. Dennis whose Bones sleep here But the Church was rebuilt since by Suggerus one of their Abbots in three Years and three Months ending in 1144. Here are the Tombs of the Kings of France Some of which have died here too St. Dennis a Town in Normandy in the Forest of Lyons on the Borders of Beauvois in which Henry I. King of England died Deptford a large Town in Kent in Sutton Lath situated at the fall of the River Ravensburn into the Thames amongst rich and low Meadows and provided with a Dock and Store-house for the Navy Royal. It is divided into the
Worcestershire in the hundred of Halfshire Duero or Douro Durius Doria a River of Spain called Douro by the Portuguese one of the greatest Rivers in that Kingdom most frequently mentioned by ancient Greek and Latin Writers The Head of it is in Old Castile from Mount Idubeda about five Miles South of Tarragona running South it watereth Soria and Almasun there bending West it passeth by Osina Aranda de Duero and Rosa beneath which last it takes in Duratonio or Stranda de Duero and Piznerga from the North which with several others fall into the Duero two Miles beneath Valladolid then passing by Toro and Camora and taking in from the North Esla which brings the Orbego so to Miranda de Duero it entertains Tormes from Salamanca soon after which it entereth Portugal a little above Olivenca to the South and Eluas to the North where the Rivers that fall into it on both sides are so small and many that it is not worth the mentioning them turning Westward this great River passeth by Lemego on the South to Porta on the North where he pays his last Tribute to the Atlantick Ocean and after a Course of ninety Leagues from his rise as his last benefit he forms a large deep and safe Harbour at Porta Silius Italicus mentions it in the number of the Golden sanded Rivers Duerstede Batavodurum Durostadium a Town in Guelderland upon the Rhine commonly called VVyck three German Miles from Vtrecht to the South East It belongs now to the Province of Vtrecht and is a part of the Dominions of the United Provinces Duesme a Town in the Dukedom of Burgundy in France upon the River Seine It gives Name to the Territory of Duesmois lying towards the Source of the same River Duisbourgh Duisburgum Duysburgh is a small City in the Dukedom of Cleves upon the River Roer which a little lower falls into the Rhine eight Miles from Cologne North and three from VVesel South There was a Council held here in 927. Heretofore an Imperial Free City but now under the Dominion of the Elector of Brandenburgh who Octob. 14. 1655. opened here an University Gerardus Mercator the great Geographer of his time died here in 1594. Dulcigno Dolcigno Olchinum Olcinum Vlcinum a City of Albania which is a Bishop's See under the Archbishop of Antivari with a safe Port on the Venetian Gulph between Budoa to the North and Lodrin to the South twenty four French Miles from Scutari to the West This City is under the Dominion of the Turks and reduced to a mean Condition Dulcinde a Part of Carmania Deserta upon the Entrance of the Persian Gulph one hundred twenty five German Miles South of Ormus There is a City River and Province of this Name Dulverton a Market-Town in Somersetshire in the Hundred of VVilliton upon the River Ex. Dummer-Zee Dummeria a great Lake in Germany between Mounster to the West Osnaburgh to the South and Diepholt to the North. The River Hunt runs through it which falls into the VVesel a little below Bremen Dun or Done a River of Yorkshire See Doncaster § A Town also in the Dukedom of Barrois in Lorrain in France near the Meuse betwixt Stenay and Damvilliers § Another in the Province of la Marche Duna See Dwina Dunawert See Donawert Dunbar Dumbarum or the Castle of Bar is a Town in the County of Lothain in Scotland upon the Eastern Shoars twenty Scotch Miles North of Berwick and the same distance East of Edinburgh Heretofore it had a Castle on a Hill as it has still a Haven to the Sea But this Town is chiefly memorable for a Defeat given to the Covenanters of Scotland by Oliver Cromwel Septemb. 23. 1650. when an End was put to that Perjurious Rebellious Bloody Faction who here began the Payment of that Debt they owed to the Divine Justice for having sold the best and most Holy of all Princes Charles the Martyr to the English Rebels For from that Day Presbytery has been in Bondage and truckled under the Weight of that horrid Crime and may she never more lift up her Head to embroil Kingdoms and persecute the Church Dunblane Dumblanum a City of Scotland in the County of Menteith which is a Bishop's See under the Archbishop of S. Andrews It stands on the River Teith which a little beneath this and Sterling falls into the Fyrth of Edinburgh six Miles North of Sterling and thirty six West of Edinburgh Dunbritoun Britannodunum Castrum Britonum a Town in the County of Lenox in Scotland upon a Fyrth or Bay of the same Name with a strong Castle where the River Levin falls into the Fyrth eight Miles from Glasco to the North-West Also called Dunbarton because the Britans held it the longest of any Town in Scotland against the Picts and Scots The strongest of all the Castles in Scotland by Nature being built on a high craggy double-headed Rock both fortified and between these two it hath only one Passage on the North hardly passable without Labour and difficulty by a single Person on the West of it lies the Levin on the South the Cluyd on the East a boggy Marsh which at every Tide is covered with Water The Britans made this good against the Scots till in the Year 756. Eadbert King of Northumberland and Oeng King of the Picts forced it to surrender on a Composition But it was taken on easier Terms Jan. 5. 1651. by the English Rebels Sir Charles Erskin surrendering it to them Dunbritoun Fyrth a great Bay in the South-West part of Scotland upon the Irish Seas so called from this Castle it begins at Dunskay and on the South has Galloway Carrick Kile and Cunningham on the North Menteith Lenox Argile Kilmore and Cantry besides several smaller it has in it the Island of Arran many of the biggest Rivers of Scotland fall into it just against it to the West it has the North-East parts of Ireland at a small distance which are extream fruitful and peopled by Scots for the most part there are many safe Havens and populous Towns upon it and lastly it lies convenient for Trade with the Western Plantations and all the Southern World Dundalk Dunkeranum a small City in the Province of Vlster in Ireland which is a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Armagh twenty six Miles from Armagh to the East in the County of Louth and sixteen North from Drogheda surprised by the Rebels in 1641. Retaken the same year by Sir Henry Tichburn by Storm after their Forces had been beaten off from the Siege of Drogheda upon Sir Simon Harcourts arrival with supplies of Men and Mony but in 1649. they got it again The Duke of Schomberg continued with his Army here from Sept. 12. 1689 to Novemb. 8. that he retired into Winter Quarters There was a Battel in the mean time presented by King James II but that General thought not fit to accept it For he strengthned himself in his Trenches the more his Army was weakned by
another River Iberus which is apprehended to be the same with that the Moderns call Rio Tinto Ebudae Hebudes Hebrides Aebudae five small Islands to the West of the Kingdom of Scotland now more commonly thence called the VVestern Isles They have the honour to constitute a Bishoprick under the Archbishoprick of Glascow Eburones Eburonices Aulerici Eburiaci and Eburovices an ancient People of Gallia Celtica dwelling at and about the modern Eureux in Normandy and the Diocese of Liege taken in its former Latitude Ebusus See Ivica Ecbatana the Capital City of the Kingdom of the ancient Medes apprehended to be the same with the Modern Casbin or else Tauris of Persia See Casbin Hani and Tauris King Cambyses died here in the year of the World 3532. Parmenion by the order of Alexander Magnus was killed in 3725. and the alter Alexander Hephaestion buried here in 3728. with so much Funeral Pomp as amounted to twelve thousand Talents § There was another ancient Ecbatana in Phoenicia towards Mount Carmel Eccleshal a Market-Town in Staffordshire in the Hundred of Pirehill Ecija Astigi Astygi a City of the Kingdom of Andalusia in Spain called by Pliny Augusta Firma upon the River Xenil over which it hath a Bridge eight Miles from Cordova to the South and fourteen from Sevil to the North. This was anciently a Bishops See but now a part of the Diocese of Sevil and at this time one of the best Cities in Andaluzia recovered from the Moors in 1239. L'Ecluse See Sluys Eda Baetius a River in Arabia Foelix which springing out of the Mountains of Ghazuan Bengebres watereth Harsan and a little below Tajef takes in the River Chaibar then by passing by Badid Almortasse Baisat and Mecca it falls into the Red Sea at Ziden or Giodda over against Suaquem in Africa Edel Rha. See Wolgha Eden the Garden of Paradise described Gen. 2. 3. to be planted by the Divine hand at the head of a River which afterwards breaking into four Currents produces the Rivers Pison Geichon Hiddekel and Euphrates from whence they conjecture this Garden to have had its place in the Country about Mesopotamia in Asia Not but that the circumstances of the Guardian Cherubims and a Flaming Sword invisible the Fruit-Trees of Life and Knowledge the Serpents talking with Humane Voice and by an easie fallacy trepanning of his Lord into a condition of entailing Curses upon posterity unborn c. have administred apprehensions to the Curious of this History's being either an Hypothesis of the Writer or an Allegory § Eden Ituna a River of England which ariseth from Huseat Movel-Hill in Yorkshire It passeth Pendragon Castle Kirby Steven Appleby and at Hornbey takes in the River Eimot and entereth Cumberland out of VVestmâ—rland running Northward it passeth Corby Castle and VVarwick then turning West it watereth Carlisse taking in Petterel and Canda one above the other beneath that City also the Irthing which falleth by Brampton and Kirksop the Boundary of England and Scotland so falleth by the Bay of Itune or Eden into the Irish Sea between Anand Castle in Scotland and Boulnesse in England Eder Adrana Aeder a River of Germany which ariseth in the Vpper Hassia and flowing through the Earldom of VValdeck watereth Franekenberg VValdeck and two Miles above Cassel to the North falls into the River Fuld Edernay Hadrianopolis See Adrianople Edessa See Rhoa Edgware a small Market Town in the County of Middlesex in the Hundred of Gore Edinburgh Agneda Edenburgum is the Capital City of the Kingdom of Scotland and Seat of the Kings of that Nation It stands in the South part of Scotland in the County of Lothaine anciently called CASTRVM ALATVM and Edenburroth signifies the same thing for Aidan in the Welsh is Wing it stands on a high Ground in an healthful Air a fruitful Soil watered by many excellent Springs in length from East to West a Mile the breadth something less the Walls strong the publick and private Buildings Magnificent full of People and has a competent Trade by the advantage of the Port of Leith not far from it At the East end is the Royal Palace by it a fine Park and not far off a strong Castle upon a Rock As the variety of the Fortune of War changed this City fell sometimes into the hands of the English and at others of the Scots till 960. when the last prevailed by the means of the Danish Irruptions September 14. 1650. after the Battel of Dunbar the Castle was delivered into hands of the English who kept it till the Restitution of Charles II. And June 13. 1689. the Duke of Gourdon surrendred the same to K. William's Forces under Sir John Lanier upon Conditions for the Garrison only For as to his own Interest he submitted himself to K. William's discretion It lies in Long. 16. 00. Lat. 56. 15. § The Fyrth of Edinburgh is one of the greatest Bays in Scotland on the North it has Fife on the South Sterling and Lothaine and several of the principal Cities of this Kingdom stand about it or near to it Edge-Hill a place in VVarwickshire near Kyneneton seven Miles South of VVarwick where on Sunday October 23. 1642. was fought the first Battel between Charles I. and the Parliamentarians under the Earl of Essex The Earl of Lindsey Commander of the King's Battalia and General of the Field was slain and the Standard taken but retaken by Sir John Smyth who after the Fight was made a Knight Banneret The King had in this first Battel clearly the advantage and opened his way to Oxford and London and the next day took Banbury whereas Essex retreated first to VVarwick then to Coventry and left both the Field and the Passes Edom. See Idumaea Efeso See Ephesus Ega a River in Spain it ariseth in Aalva in Biscay and flowing through the Kingdom of Navarr watereth Stella and Villa Tuercta and between Calahorra and Villafranca falls on the North into the Ebro Egates or Aegates a knot of Islands in the Sicilian Sea over against the Promontory of Drepanum in Sicily to the West They are memorable for the Naval Victory obtained here by C. Lutatius Catulus the Roman Consul over the Carthaginians wherein seventy of their Vessels being taken and fifty sunk a Peace by them desired was concluded upon condition they should quit all their pretensions to the Islands betwixt Italy and Africa with which the first Punick War ended in the year of Rome 513. i. e. 241. before Christ See Gotham Egaean Sea See Archipelago Eger and Etlaw See Agria Eger Egra and Oegra a strong Town in the Kingdom of Bohemia upon a River of its own Name towards the Frontiers of Franconia in Germany It was the Seat of the ancient Narisci according to Thuanus and became first a dependent of the Crown of Bohemia by Mortgage in 1315. In the German Wars often besieged Those of the Country call it Heb or Cheb Egers Aegiricius Egericius commonly called Gers a River of France in the
separated from Groningen by the Bay of Dollert it contained heretofore the Earldom of Oldenburgh also In this Province are three Cities or great Towns Embden Aurick and Norden The earth is exceeding fruitful yielding great plenty of Corn Cattle Butter and Cheese Being conquered by Charles the Great it continued subject to the Empire till 1453. when it was granted by Frederick III. to Vlricus Son of Enno whose Posterity still enjoy it The Seat of these Earls is Aurick Frisingen Frisinga a City of the Vpper Bavaria which is a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Salisburgh near the River Iser twenty Miles from Landshat to the West Once an Imperial and Free City but since exempted and put under the Dominion of its own Bishop Frislar Bogadium Frislaria a City in Hassia upon the River Eder under the Archbishop of Mentz four Miles from Cassel to the South and the same from Zigenheim to the North commonly called Fritzlar There was a Council celebrated in this City in 1118. Friul Friuli Regio Carnorum Forum Julii Carnia called by the French Frioul is a Province of Italy inhabited heretofore by the Carni it is bounded on the South by the Adriatick Sea and the Golfo di Triesie on the West with the Marquisate of Trevigia and the Earldom of Tyrol on the North by Carinthia and Carniola and on the East by Carniola and Istria This Province is under the State of Venice and has the Title of a Dukedom The chiefest City in it is Vdina and the Fort of Palma is the place of greatest strength The Emperors gave this Province heretofore to the Patriarchs of Aquileja But afterwards the Dukes of Aâ—stria and Carinthia took part of it from the Patriarchs and the States of Venice after many Wars at last in 1455. forced the Patriarch by a Treaty to resign the rest to them the Cities of this Province are Aâ—uileja ruined but under the House of Austria Pieue di Cadoro under the Venetians Cividat di Friuli under the same Goritia under the House of Austria La Palma and Vdina under the Venetians Frodlingham a Market Town in the East Riding of â—orkshire in the Hundred of Holderness Frodsham a Market Town in Cheshire in the Hundred of Edisbury Frome or Fraw a River in the County of Dorset which rising by Cantmerls in the Borders of Somersetshire washeth Frampton Dorcester Woodford Morlen and at Wareham falls into Bruksey Haven taking in this passage many smaller Rivers Fromeselwood a Market Town in Somersetshire in the Hundred of Frome and upon the River Frome Fronsac Franciacum a Castle in Aquitain near Bourdeaux built by Charles the Great and made the Title of a Dukedom it stands upon the River Dordogne Duranius about five Leagues from Bourdeaux to the East called Frontiacum in the Writers of the middle Age. Frontenac a Cittadel in New France in America upon the Banks of a Lake of the same Name built in 1673. to oppose the Incursions of the Salvages Frontignaud Forum Domitii Frontiniacum a small City in the Lower Languedoc upon the Lake of Magellone fifteen Leagues from Narbone to the East and four from Mompellier to the West upon the Mediterranean Sea The Wines of this place are much commended In 1562. the Huguenots besieged it in vain Frurnove See Fornove Frusilone or Frusino Frusio a City heretofore now a small Village in Campagnia di Roma upon the River Cosa which falls into the Gariliano Liris nine Miles from Aâ—atro the same from Ferentino and forty eight from Rome to the East it is now commonly called Frosilone P. Hormisdas was a Native of this place The Fryth or Fyrth or Forth of Edinburgh called by Ptolemy Boderia by Tacitus Bodotria is an Arm of the Sea that from the East penetrates almost quite through the Kingdom of Scotland to meet another such Arm from the West which is called the Fryth of Dunbritain it receives into its bosom many of the great Rivers of Scotland on the South it has Lothaine in which is Edinburgh Linlithgo Glasco and Sterling the principal City of which stands at the Western point of it upon the North side it has the County of Fife These two great Bays divide Scotland into two parts the Southern and the Northern Fuenterabia See Fontarabia Fuld Fulden Fulda a City of Germany in Buchaw or Buchen a Territory in the Upper Circle of the Rhine near Hassia but from this City more frequently called Stift von Fuld The Territory of the Abbey of Fuld The City is built in a Plain there is in it an Abbey of the Order of S. Bennet one of the noblest in all Europe which has the Civil Government of the City and Territory about it This Abbey was built by Pepin King of France in 784. The Abbot is a Prince and Primate of all the Abbots of the Empire It stands twelve Miles from Coburgh to the West ten from Cassel to the South and eleven from Wurtsburg The Territory of Fuld is of a great extent and is more properly called Buchen bounded on the North by Hassia on the East by the County of Henneberg on the South by Franconia and on the West by the Vpper Hassia § Fuld Fulda a River of Germany which gives Name both to the City and Territory last mentioned it ariseth in this Territory towards Franconia and running Northward watereth Fuld and Hurschfeld in Hassia then entertaining the Eder he passeth by Cassel and at Minden in Westphalia being united with the Wertz and Verra they two form the Weser Visurgis one of the greatest Rivers in Germany which dividing the Dukedom of Breme from the Earldom of Oldenburgh falls into the German Ocean at Carlestad between Emden to the West and Hamburgh to the North-East Fuligno Fullinium or Fulginium a small but pretty City in the Dukedom of Spoleto seated in a Valley at the foot of the Apennine twenty Miles from Perugia to the East and ten from Assisio it is divided by the River Tinna Topino and is under the Pope The Inhabitants boast much of the Antiquity of it not without good reason it being mentioned by Strabo Pliny Appianus Alexandrinus and Silius Italicus This City was rased by those of Perugia in 1281. for which the Inhabitants of the latter were excommunicated by the then Pope Martin II. otherwise called the IV. but recovering its former or a greater beauty it is now a Bishoprick much enriched by its Fairs or Marts every year and their excellent Comfeicts The Learned Leandro is of opinion this City is not the ancient Fulginia but that Forum Flaminii stood in or near the place which being ruined by the Lombards the Todi rebuilt it and called it by this Name for which he cites several Authorities Funchal the chief Town in the Island of Madera It is a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Lisbonne Funf-Kirken See Quinque Ecclesiae Fungte a Kingdom in Africa in Nubia Fuoa Nicii a City of Egypt it lies in the Egyptian Delta or Island made by
and possessed themselves of Bavaria Upon which the Insubres and Cenomani yielded in 431. and became subject to the Romans The Provincia Romana was conquered in part by Fulvius Flaccus in 627. The Remainder in 631. by Cn. Domitius Ahenobarbus and the three other Provinces by Julius Caesar between 694. and 697. fifty three years before the Birth of our Saviour A part of these Galls under Brennus about 474. made their way through Greece and settled in Gallo-Graecia or Galacia in the Lesser Asia though it is much more probable this Expedition was immediately after the taking of Rome But now to give an exact Account of all the several People contained under this Name their Laws Rites Customs Governments and Bounds would too much exceed the Limits set me in this Work Gallipoli Callipolis a City of Thrace upon the Bosphorus called by the Turks Geliboli which is a Bishop's See under the Archbishop of Heraclea and the Seat of the Turkish Admiral or Captain Bassa of his Gallies It is great populous well traded and has an Haven a Castle and a good Magazine well furnished This Town stands on the West side of the Hellespont not over against Lampasco but a little more North neither walled nor well built within the Houses being all of Earth and Timber and low the Streets narrow sometimes covered with Boards to keep off the Heat of the Sun yet said to be six Miles in Compass and to have four or five thousand Christian Inhabitants amongst others There is little to be seen in it of its ancient Splendor and Elegance It stands upon a Peninsula having upon the North and South two Bays for Gallies and Boats of which the Southern seems best for Ships This City is one hundred and ten Miles South of Constantinople and five from the Shoars of Asia Long. 54. 30. Lat. 42. 16. § Gallipoli Gallipolis Anxa a City of the Kingdom of Naples in the Terra di Otranto built on a Rock upon the Western Shoar in the Bay of Taranto thirty six Miles from that City and in an Island which is only joined to the Continent by a Bridge supported by huge massy Stones Small but well fortified and populous with a good Haven a strong Castle and good Walls it is a Bishops See but his Diocese is bounded by the Walls of the City and he is under the Archbishop of Taranto Long. 42. 12. Lat. 39. 58. Galloway Novantae Gallovidia Galdia is a large County in the South of Scotland over against Munster in Ireland from which it is separated by a Channel of only fifteen Scotch Miles in breadth Bounded on the West with the Sea on the South with Solway Fyrth which separates it from Cumberland on the East with Nithesdale and on the North with Carrick and Kile it takes its name from the Welsh who for a long time maintained this County against the Scots and Picts calling themselves Gaels and in the Writers of the middle Ages it is accordingly called Gael-Wallia the Country is every where swelled into Hills better for Pasture than Corn but well supplied with Fish both from the Sea and Fresh-water-Lakes of which there are many at the foot of the Hills The principal River is the Dee called Dea by Ptolomy The principal Town is Withern Candida Casa which is a Bishops See and one of the first erected in this Kingdom by Nina a Britain the Apostle of the Nation of the Picts Upon the Coast of this County there is a narrow Isthmus call'd the Mule of Galloway it is the same with the Novantum Chersonesus of the Antients and lies in 55 d. 10 m. of North Lat. The most Southern point of all Scotland The Galloper Sand is a Shallow ten Leagues from the Mouth of the Thames to the East upon which the brave Ship the Prince was unfortunately run a-ground and lost June 4. 1666. Sir George Ayscue the Commander being taken by the Dutch who were then engaged with the English Fleet and carried Prisoner into Holland Gallway Duaca Gallica is a County in the West of Ireland in the Province of Conaught bounded on the North by the County of Mayo on the East by the River Shannon which parts it from Roscommon and Kings County on the South with Clare and on the West with the Ocean a Country fruitful both as to Corn and Pasture Here is the Lake of Corbes twenty Miles long and three or four broad § The principal City is Gallway Galliva called by the Irish Gallive the Capital City of the County of Gallway and the third in the whole Kingdom of Ireland situate near the fall of the Lake of Corbes a neat strong Place built almost round and walled with Stones it has a Bishop's See and a delicate and safe Harbor called the Bay of Gallway capable of a vast Fleet and secured on the West by five Islands The fertility of the County in which it stands affording plenty of Goods for Exportation the Inhabitants of this City in Mr. Cambden's time had made great Improvements by their Navigation and much enriched themselves This City being so remote from England and very strong at first in the Rebellion against King Charles I. stood a kind of Neuter and would neither admit the Irish nor the English but when they saw the Irish were Masters of the greatest part of the Kingdom it joined with them in their Rebellion The Pope's Legate made this a kind of Seat of his Government till about the year 48. he was besieged here by the Irish who began then to favour the Royal Interest which he opposed to the utmost and at last despairing of all Relief he submitted and left the Island Not long after this was one of the first Places that paid its Obedience and Respect to the Earl of Ormond the King's Deputy But it was too late for in 1651. Ireton having taken Limerick after a long Siege this Town being immediately attacked by those victorious Forces under the Command of Sir Charles Coot an Oliverian Captain and their Harbour filled with Parliament Ships of War and no hopes of Relief they yielded themselves to the mercy of the Rebels who revenged the Injuries of a Prince which they themselves had murdered upon this wealthy but then wretched City Thus saith my Author Dr. Bates Gallway the greatest place of Trade in all Ireland the best fortified abounding in noble Buildings Riches and plenty of Inhabitants which had had such benefit by their Maritim Commerce was forced to submit to the Yoke of an Enemy after she had refused her Assistance to her Lawful Prince in denying a Supply to the Lieutenant And as if War alone had not been a sufficient Chastisement the Plague followed the Sword and cut off in the space of eighteen Months twelve thousand of the Inhabitants The Irish had the Possession of this Place and held it out for King James II. till the last Summer 1691. Galofaro the same with Charibdis Gambay Gambia a vast River of Africa in Nigritia
of a different both Stature and Humour from the rest of France which is not much to be wondered at considering the English Nation for three hundred years together were possess'd of this Country See Gascoigne The principal Rivers of it are the Garonne and the Dordonne which meet at Retraicte and in one Channel fall into the Ocean The chief Cities are Bourdeaux Baionne and Dax or D'Acqs Guienne is thought to be but a Corruption of Aquitania which was the Roman Name for it then enlarged to a sar greater Extent Guilan or Guilao the Hyrcanian Sea Guilford the Capital Town of the County of Surrey in the Hundred of Woking which returns two Members to the House of Commons It is pleasantly situated upon the River Wey containing three Parishes well frequented accommodated and handsom The Saxon Kings had a Royal Mansion here in whose time it was a Place of greater Extent The Ruins of a large old Castle near the River remain yet to be seen In the year 1660. King Charles II created Elizabeth Viscountess of Kinelmalky in Ireland Countess of this Place for her Life In 1674. the Title of Earl of Guilford was granted by the same King to John Maitland the late Duke of Lautherdale in Scotland After whom the late Lord Francis North received the Title of Baron Guilford from the same King also S. Guillain Gislenopolis a Town in Hainault which has a Monastery belonging to it Taken by the French in 1654. and retaken by the Spaniards in 1656. Guimaranes Catraleucos Vimananum Egita Araduca once a City and frequently mentioned as such now a small Village in Entre Douero è Minho in Portugal three Leagues from Braga towards the East This was the Place where S. Damasus one of the ancient Popes was born Guinee Guinea a very great Country on the Western Shoars of Africa which by the Portuguese the first Discoverers of it is divided into two Parts the Upper and the Lower The Upper Guinee is bounded with Nigritia on the North the Atlantick Ocean on the South and has the Kingdom of Congo on the East and the Mountains of Leon on the West It is a very fruitful Country in Gold Ivory Sugar Cotton Rice c. of a great Extent from East to West and much frequented by the European Ships It is divided into three Parts Guinee properly so called which lies in the middle Malâ—gueta which lies to the West and the Kingdom of Beni which lies to the East § Guinee properly so called is a very large Country in Africa upon the Shoars of the Ocean between Malegueta to the West from which it is separated by the Cape of Palmes and the Kingdom of Beni to the East from which it is divided by the River de la Volta It is divided into la Coste d'or which lies East between the Rivers Asien and la Volta and la Coste des Dents which lies West between the Cape of Palmes and the River Asien by which it is parted from the former On the Coste d'or are many Castles belonging to the English Swedes Danes and Hollanders This Country was discovered in 1365. by the French as is pretended Baudrand But in the dismal Wars between the English and French under Charles VI and VII they were forc'd to omit the Prosecution of this Navigation Hofman It is much more probable and better attested that it was discovered in 1452 by Henry Duke of Visco Son of John I. King of Portugal But then the Spaniards in 1477. pursued this Discovery and till 1479 excluded the first Discoverers who regaining the Trade in the Island of S. George built he the strong Fort or Town of Mina in 1486. to secure their Trade there for the future and command all the rest of this Coast Which was the first Place built by the Europeans on this Coast New-Guinee this Country has not been hitherto so far discovered as that we know whether it be an Island or a Part of the Continent of the Terra Australis It is separated from Terra de Papaous which lies East of Ceram and Gilolo in the East-Indies in 51 deg of Southern Lat. by a narrow Straight of the Sea Guinegat a small Town in Artois made famous by a great Defeat of the French Forces by the Flandrians in 1479. by which Victory Maximilian the Emperor then married to Mary the Daughter of Charles the Hardy the last Duke of Burgundy recovered Tournay out of the Hands of the French and settled the Low-Countries in the House of Austria It lies three French Miles from S Omar to the South the same from Renty to the East and two from Ayre to the West Guines a fine Town two Miles East of Calais and the Capital of a County of the same Name having Boulonois on the South and East Terre d'Oye on the North and the German Sea or Streights of Calais on the East This County was of old a Part of Boulonois and the Town belonged then to Picardy King Edward III. of England possessed himself of both in 1351. to whom afterwards they were confirmed by a Treaty in 1360. And in the Reign of Charles VI. of France lost again to that Crown Guipuscoa Ipuscoa now a Province but once a Kingdom in Spain In the middle Times annexed to the Kingdom of Navar but now separated from it and united to Biscay By which it is bounded on the West on the South it has Aâ—ava on the North the Bay of Biscay and the Kingdom of Navar on the East The principal Cities in it are Tolosa which is the Capital S. Sebastian and Fontarabie It is about thirty six Miles in Compass anciently peopled by the Cantabri a hardy and a valiant People This Country was wrested from the Crown of Navar in 1079. by Alphonsus I King of Castile but it was restored again and continued under that Crown till 1200. when it revolted to Castile again and ever since it has been united to Biscay Guir Dirus a River of Mauritania Guise Guisa Guisia a Town in Picardy in France in the Territory of Tierache which has a Castle seated upon the River Oise in the Confines of Hainault nine Miles from Cambray to the South five from la Fere to the North-East and about seventeen from Amiens to the East This Town was besieged by the Spaniards without any Success in 1650. But that which made it most remarkable was the Dukes of Guise who in former times had a very great Hand in all the Affairs of France from the Reign of Francis I. to that of Henry IV. This Family was a Branch of the House of Lorrain advanced by Francis I. in 1528. from Counts or Earls of Guise which was their Inheritance to Dukes of the same Place The first thus raised was Claude the Son of Renate II. He had eight Sons of which were Francis Duke of Guise Claudius Duke of Aumale and Renatus Marquess of Ellebove Francis became very famous by his defence of Mets against Charles V.
Southern Latitude to 44. of Northern It abounds with Gold and Silver Mines and all other sorts of Metals but Copper and Lead with all sorts of Cattel but Horses with all sorts of Corn but Wheat So that these and Wines are almost the only things they need from other Nations towards the Convenience or indeed Luxury of humane Life for this is the Store-house of Spice and Jewels to the whole World Alexander the Great was the first of the Grecians who Discovered and Conquered a part of this vast Region which soon after revolted from his Successors The Romans never went so far but were honoured with some Embassies from them when they had Potent Princes as Augustus Antoninus and Constantine After-times wrapped them up in the Clouds again There was a Trade driven by the way of the Red Sea between the Persian Turkish and Indian Merchants for Spice yet there was little known of of them till the Portuguese discovered the way by the Cape of Good Hope in 1499. and the first Voyages were made hither by them in 1500. and 1502. The principal Rivers are Indus and the Ganges Amongst the ancient Inhabitants the Brachmanes and Gymnosophistae for Philosophy the Gangarides for War were the most considerable Alexander the Great carried his Victorious Arms hither in the year of Rome 426. and 427. where he defeated Porus King of India And before him some write Semiramis There is a Tradition that St. Thomas preached Christianity here whence comes the Church of the Christians of St. Thomas and that his Body first found at Meliapour now lyes interred at Goa in a stately Church built for the purpose by the Order of Emanuel King of Portugal In the third Century the Philosopher Pantaenus was sent by Demetrius Bishop of Alexandria to preach to the Indians Aedesius and Frumentius in the Reign of Constantine the Great two Laicks travelling into India voluntarily did the same The latter of which was afterwards by Athanasius consecrated Bishop of India See Brachmanes Banjans Gymnosophistae and Benares India extra Gangem is bounded on the West by the furthest or most Eastern Branch of the River Ganges which is called Antiboli from its spring unto its fall into the Ocean on the North with unknown Countries on the East with the Kingdom of China and the Eastern Ocean and on the South with the same Ocean In this there are four great Kingdoms which do not depend on the Great Mogul See the general Division The West-Indies are all those Countries more commonly called America and the Indies only by reason of their Wealth and distance Indigetes Besides the deified Heroes of the Ancients understood by this Name they used it to denote the mixt people of Ampurdan in the Principality of Catalonia in Spain See Ampurdan Indostan or the Empire of the Great Mogul is bounded on the North by the Asian Tartary and the Kingdom of Thibet on the West by the Kingdom of Persia on the East by the River Cosmin or Cosmite by which it is divided from the rest of India on the South with the Bay of Bengala and the Promontory of Malabar There are besides what lies within these bounds some Kingdoms under this Prince beyond the Ganges towards China in all he has under him thirty five Kingdoms His Capital City is Agra He is of the Race of Tamerlain the Great Scythian Conquerour and has been possessed of this Country ever since the year 1473. It is abundantly rich in Gold Silver Precious Stones and Merchandizes The propriety of almost all the Lands belongs to the Great Mogul who besides is heir to the great Lords of his Court and all Officers within his pay Indre Ingeris Ander Andri a River of France which ariseth in the Province of Berry and watering la Chaster Château roux Loches and taking in the Cher falls with it into the Loyre eight Miles beneath Tours to the West This River in the Writers of the middle Age is called Anger Indus one of the greatest first and best known Rivers of the East-Indies called by the Natives Sinde It springeth out of the highest part of Imaus by some called Taurus in the Kingdom of Cassimer in the Empire of the Great Mogul towards the Confines of the Asian Tartary and turning Southward watering many Provinces or Kingdoms and taking in the Rivers of Behat Nilab Ravée Coule and many others it at last falls into the Arabian or Indian Ocean by four great Mouths in the Kingdom of Tatta between the Kingdoms of Guzarat and Persia The Name of that Mountain out of which it springeth is called Peropasin It receives between its Head and its Fall one and twenty Rivers It had of old seven Mouths three of which are now stopped Ingelheim Ingelenheinum Ingelhemium a small Town in the Lower Palatinate in Germany two German Miles from Mentz to the West Charles the Great was born in this place in 732. After this it was an Imperial and Free-City but exempted in 1402. by Lewis the Emperour and now under the Elector Palatine Near this place S. Lewis King of France died in 840. Called Nyder Ingelheim the Lower or Nether Ingelheim to distinguish it from another called Over or Vpper Ingelheim In the years 788 948. and 972. there were great Councils held here Ingermanlandt and Ingrie Ingria a Province of Sweden between Moscovy to the East Livonia to the West the Lake of Ladoga and the Bay of Finland betwixt which two last the River Nerva serves as a Canal Heretofore subject to the Russ who call it Isera before the Swedes took it from them by Conquest The chief Town is Notteburgh upon the Lake Ingoldstad Ingoldstadium Aureapolis a City of Germany in the Dukedom of Bavaria which has a Bridge over the Danube It was at first a Village but exalted to the dignity and magnitude of a City by Lewis of Bavaria Emperour of Germany In 1546. the Protestant Arms proved unsuccessful before it Gustavus Adolphus the Victorious King of Sweden was not able to take it when he attempted it in 1632. In 1410. here was an University opened which has obtained many Privileges and good Endowments from Lewis Duke of Bavaria and Pope Pius II. It is now under the Duke of Bavaria This City lies three Miles from Newburgh to the East and seven from Ratisbone to the West The houses are almost all of Wood. Inhambane a Kingdom in the Lower Aethiopia between Monomotapa to the North and Caferia to the South The chief place of which is Tonge Inhamior another small Kingdom in the Lower Aethiopia towards the River Cuama and the Confines of Monomotapa Inifa one of the Names of Mount Imaus Inneken Aguntum a Town in Carinthia Innerness a Town in Scotland Ins Inn Oenus Aenus a River in Germany which ariseth in Switzerland from Mount Moloia one of the Alpes from two Springs on the Borders of the Valtoline and flowing through the Earldom of Tyrol by Inspruck the Capital of it Hull Schwatz and Kufstain it
Lavori fifteen Miles South of Naples Leucate Leucata a small Town in Languedoc in the Confines of Roussillon seated upon a Lake of the same name it had heretofore a Castle built by Francis I. upon an inaccessable Rock very strong which is now destroyed near this place the Spaniards received a great overthrow by the French in 1637. Leuchtemberg Leuchtemberga a Castle in Nortgow in the Dukedom of Bavaria which is the Capital of a Langravate seated upon an Hill near the River and Town of Pfreimbt one German Mile from the River Nab. The Territory is but small that belongs to it yet was subject only to its own Landgrave till 1646. when the Males of that Family failing it fell to the Elector of Bavaria who still has it Leucosa Leucosia or Licosa a small Island in the Sea of Tuscany near a Cape of its own name called Capo della Licosa The Ancients have not omitted the mentioning of it Leuctra an ancient City of Boeotia in Greece supposed to be the present Maina by some Geographers famous in History for the Victory of Epaminondas over the Lacedaemonians in the one hundred and second Olympiad and the year of Rome 383. Cleombrotus the Lacedaemonian General was there slain Leudrac Vuldraca a small River of France in Autunois in the Dukedom of Burgundy Leverano a Principality in the Terra di Otranto in the Kingdom of Naples near the City Lecca Leuvin a Lake and a Castle in the South part of Scotland in the County of Fife this Castle belonged to the Dowglasses Earls of Morton In it the famous Princess Mary Queen of Scots and Dowager of France was imprisoned by her own Subjects in 1567. There is also a River of the same name which falls into the Fyrth of Edenburgh by Wemmis Castle Leutkirchen or Leutkirch Ectodurus a small Imperial Free City in Schwaben in Germany upon the River Eschach which a little lower falls into the Iler which last falls into the Danube at Vlm three German Miles from Memmingen to the South ten from Vlm and six from the Lake of Constance to the East in the Territory of Algow Leutmeritz Litomerinm or Litomiersca a City of Bohemia called by the Inhabitants Litomiersk by the Germans Leutmeritz and Letomeritz It stands upon the Elbe eight Miles from Prague to the North and ten from Dresdin This was made a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Prague by Pope Alexander VII in 1655. This City is the Capital of one of the Seventeen Praefectures of the Kingdom of Bohemia Leutomissel or Littomissel Litomascum an Episcopal City of the Kingdom of Bohemia in the Praefecture of Chrudim Leuwentz a Town in the Government of Newhausel but in the County of Gran in Hungary upon the River Gran six Miles from the City Gran to the North. General Souches put the Turks to a Rout here in 1664. Leweck Levecum the Capital of the Kingdom of Cambay in the East-Indies Lewes a Town in Sussex esteemed one of the biggest in that County In 1263. here was a bloody Battel near this place between Henry III. and the Barons in which the Barons prevailed at last against the King and forced him to a disadvantageous Peace This Town is in the South part of the County upon a River that hath no Name almost six Miles from the Sea-Shoar to the South twenty five from Winchelsey to the West containing six Parish Churches The Assizes are commonly kept here At the Rivers Mouth is New-Haven some years since made secure for the harbouring of Ships It returns two Members of Parliament and is the Capital of a Rape Lewemberg See Lawenburg and Lemburg Lewis Logus Haraia a great Island on the West of Scotland which extends almost from 58 to 59 deg of Lat. and lies sixty five English Miles directly West from Row-stoir Assyn the most Western Cape of Assinshire in Scotland This is the largest of all the Hebrides said to be sixty Miles in length and thirty broad The Inhabitants of this and all the other Western Isles do much resemble the Wild Irish being rude uncivilized and will hardly indure any Government or Law belonging heretofore to the Kingdom of Norway they were by Magnus King of that Country sold to Alexander III. King of Scotland and never thought worth the disciplining Lewroux Leroux Leprosium a small City in le Berry in France two Leagues from Bourges to the West Leybnitz Savaria Polybianum once a City of the Vpper Pannonia now a small Village of Stiria upon the River Sack which a little lower falls into Mure four German Miles from Gratz to the East Leyden Lugdunum Batavorum is a great City in the State of Holland mentioned by Ptolemy and Antoninus It is seated upon the old Stream of the Rhine and is the Capital of Rheinlandt near the Lake of Harlem three Leagues from Delft and seven from Amsterdam Dort and Vtretcht Perhaps the most populous and wealthy City in all Holland next Amsterdam In the Roman times the Praetor of the Empire for the Belgick Gaul resided here with one of the Legions It is situate in a plain and low Country and has many Channels of Water passing through it so that the City is divided into thirty one Islands joined by one hundred forty five Bridges each to other one hundred and four of which are built with Stone There lie about it most beautiful Meadows and Gardens and the Air is reputed the best of all Holland As this was one of the first Cities which revolted from the Spaniards in 1572. so it was one of the first also that felt their fury For they having besieged Harlem in 1573. without success in the year following sat down before Leyden and had reduced it to great extremity when the Prince of Orange letting loose upon them the Waters which the Dams restrained before by the same Stratagem brought relief to Leyden and ruin on the Spanish Army the year following February 8. 1575. He opened the University there to reward their Valor and recompence their losses to which there has been added an excellent Library a Physick Garden and a Hall adorned with many Rarities of Anatomy-Antoninus gives this City the Title of Caput Germanorum Leye Legia a River in the Low-Countries called by the French Lis. It ariseth in Artois by the Castle of Lisburg and watering Airen and S. Venaut enters Flanders at Stegers then passeth by Armentiers Menene and Cortryck to Gaunt where it falls into the Schelde Leyne Lynius Leinius a River in the Lower Saxony which ariseth in the Territory of Eisfeld or Eschfeld near Heiligenstad and flowing through the Dukedom of Brunswick by Gottingen Lymbeck and Alfeld at Saxstede it entertains the Inders and so by Hannover and Newstad falls into the Aler. This River in the old Maps is called Rhum Leypsick Lupfurdum Lipsia Lypsiae a City of Germany in Misnia in the Lower Saxony which has a celebrated Mart upon the River Pleiss under the Elector of Saxony twelve German Miles from Dresden
it at Hopton Heath it was again surrendred to Prince Rupert How long it continued in the King's Hands I know not but I find it taken by Storm by the King May 30. 1645. and retaken by Treaty June 18. in the same year by Fairfax after the fatal Battel of Naseby It s Long. is 21. 20. Lat. 52. 42. Sir Edward Henry Lee created Baron of Spellesburg and Viscount Quarendon was made Earl of Lichfield June 5. 1674. Lichfield has also the honour to be a County Corporate and besides the Cathedral shews three Parish Churches Lico Lycus a River of Phrygia in the Lesser Asia which watereth Laodicea and falls soon after into the Meander See Laodicea Licosia Ledrensis Vrbs the same with Nicosia the principal City of the Island of Cyprus Licostomo See Scotusa Lida a small Town which has a strong Castle built upon a Rock and is the Capital of a Territory in the Palatinate of Vilna in Lithuania under the Kingdom of Poland It stands upon the River Deta ten Polish Miles from Vilna South and seven from Novogrod severely handled by the Moscovites in 1655. Liddesdale a small County in the South of Scotland in the Borders of England which takes its Name from a River that runs through it It is bounded on the North with Tivedale on the West with Annandale on the South with Cumberland and on the East with Northumberland Lidkioping Lidkiopinga a small City in Westrogothia a Province in Sweden upon the Lake of Weâ—er and the River Lid three Miles from Marystad to the West forty five from Daleburg and thirty from Falkop to the North. Liechtenstein a Principality in the Province of Austria in Germany There is another Liechtenstein in the Trentine in Italy near Bolzano Liege Leodium a City of Germany which Lipsius calls Leodicum the Writers of the middle Ages Legia the Inhabitants Luyck the Germans Luttyck and the French Liege It is a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Cologne a great and populous City built upon the Maes and annexed to the Low Countries yet a German City in the Circle of VVestphalia and under the Protection of its own Bishop fifteen Miles from Cologne to the West five from Aquisgrane ten from Louvain and three from Maestricht to the South It had a very strong Castle which was ruined by the French Though in the Protection of its own Bishop yet it is a Free Imperial City and herefore a pleasant Village situate in the Woods and Hills amongst sweet Springs which fell down from those Hills frequently visited by Landebert Bishop of Tongres who was afterwards slain here by Dodon a Servant of Pepin King of France The See was first settled at Tongres from thence removed to Maestricht and at last by S. Hubartus one of these Bishops settled at Liege It takes this Name from a small River which there falls into the Maes a vast part of the Ground within its Walls is not built but imployed in Vineyards and Orchards and withal so very fruitful that it may contend with Sicily In this City Charles the Great kept his Christmas in the year 769. Henry IV. died here of Grief in 1197. In the year 1131. Pope Innocent II. crowned the Emperor Lottharius in the Church of S. Lambert here Henry VI. reduced this City then in Rebellion in 1191. It is supposed by some to be built by Amborix a German Prince mentioned by Julius Caesar It suffered much from the Normans much also from one of the Dukes of Brabant who in 1212. took it and suffered it to be plundered six days together in the fifteenth Century Charles Duke of Burgimdy taking advantage of their Disagreement in the Election of a Bishop grievously afflicted it in 1468. and destroyed a part of it in this last Age it has been ill treated by its Bishops and the French taking it by surprize in 1675 the next year after ruined the Castle so that it is no great wonder if after all these Calamities the number of its Inhabitants are diminished The Baron D'Elderen great Dean of the Cathedral was chosen Bishop and Prince of Liege by plurality of Votes against the Cardinal of Furstenburgh August 17. 1688. The Bishoprick of Liege or Luyck is a part of the Circle of Westphalia though annexed to the Spanish Netherlands its ancient Inhabitants were the Eburones of old called Tungri also It is bounded on the East and South by the Dukedoms of Limburgh and Luxemburgh on the West by Brabant and the Earldom of Namur and on the North by the Vpper Guelderland Luxemburgh Namur and Hainault have every of them agrandised themselves with the Spoils of this Diocese The principal City is Liege the rest are Dinant S. Trayen Huy Maseich and Tongres besides these it contained fifty two Baronies eighteen walled Towns and four hundred Villages being no less populous than fruitful It is thirty one Miles long and fifteen broad the Valleys produce plenty of Grass the Plains of Corn the Hills of Wines the Mountains have their Quarries of Marble and Mines of Lead Iron and Brimstone and Pit-Coal in abundance Its Forests affords all sorts of Venison in great plenty besides the Maes which runs the whole length of this Country it has fourteen other Rivers some very considerable which both inrich the Lands promote Trade and afford them a great plenty of Fish and after all the Air is very temperate and healthful Lier Ledo a River in the Low-Countries Liere Lier a very strong Town in Brabant in the District of Antwerp seated upon the great Nethe which falls two Miles further to the South into the Ruypel This Town is under the Spaniards and is a Frontier against the Hollanders two Miles from Mechelen to the North six from Brussels to the North-West and three from Antwerp to the East Naturally very strong by its Situation and made much more so by Art See Lire Liesse or Notre Dame de Liesse a small Town in Laonnois County in Picardy famous for the Devotions there paid to a Chappel of the Virgin Mary Lieuvin a District belonging to the City of Lisieux in Normandy which lies between Auge to the West the Mouth of the Seine to the North the Territory of Roan to the East and the Territory d' Ouche to the South This was the Seat of the Lexovii a Gaulish Tribe and is now called Lexoviensis Ager from them Lignitz Lignitia Lignitium Hegetmatia a City of Silesia in Bohemia upon the River Katzbach Caâ—us which falls into the Oder not two Miles from Jawer to the North five from Glogaw and seven from Wratislaw It was heretofore under a Duke of its own together with a small Territory belonging to it and has a noble Castle at this day The Dutchy since 1675. is in the Emperor as King of Bohemia Ligor Ligorium a City of the Kingdom of Siam in the East-Indies upon the Promontory of Malaca near the Bay of Siam in the middle between the City of Judia Vdia or Odida the
Duke of his Family The French first Possessed themselves of this Dukedom under Lewis XIII in 1663 It was restored to this Family again by the Pyrenean Treaty in 1659. In the Year 1674 it was again reassumed by the French Charles Leopold the late Duke of famous memory being in the mean time employed by the Emperor as his General won more Honour than he could have done if he had succeeded his Uncle in his rightful Inheritance This great Prince died on the eighteenth of April 1690 suddenly in his forty eighth year at a Convent near Lintz in his Journey to Vienna his renowned Actions and high Merits making him extremely lamented He Married Elionora Maria of Austria Dowager of Michael King of Poland and Sister to the present Emperor by whom the Title to this Dukedom continues in the Family to his eldest Son Lorca Eliocrata Ilorcis a small but ancient City of the Kingdom of Murcia in Spain it was in the times of the Goths a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Toledo But this See was since removed to Cartagena Nueva It stands upon the River Guadilentin in the Confines of the Kingdom of Granada ill peopled twelve Miles from Murcia in Long 19. 15. Lat. 38. 2. Lorne Lorna a County in the North of Scotland upon the Western Ocean bounded on the North by Loquabre on the East by Menteith on the South by Argyle and Cantyr and on the West by the Vergivian Ocean the old Inhabitants of this County were the Epidii as Cambden acquaints us Loretto or Lauretto Lauretum a small and a New City in the Marcha Anconitana in the Dominions of the Church made a Bishops See by Pope Sixtus V. in 1586. and in 1591. the Bishoprick of Recanati was for ever united to this new See It stands upon a long Hill three Miles from the Shoars of the Adriatick Sea fifteen from Ancona to the South very well fortified to preserve it from the Incursions of the Turks and has a Noble Palace But that which is its greatest yea it s only Glory is the Chappel of the Virgin Mary called La Santa Casa the Holy House Pilgrims out of all parts of Europe repairing hither to perform their Devotions to the Virgin This place was anciently a desolate Grove where in the Pagan Times some think there was a Temple of Juno Cuprana The Chappel that is so much esteemed is supposed to be the very Chamber in which the Queen of Heaven was her self Educated and received the Angel's Salutation They believe it was brought hither out of Palestine by Angels All this is proved by the Testimony of Grave Men and the Memorials of an innumerable number of Miracles which are believed to have been wrought here The Reader is not to suppose it was brought from Palestine hither at once no it was deposited after the taking of Ptolomais by the Saracens first in Dalmatia in the year 1291. Thence the Thieveries of that Nation occasioned her Remove three or four years after to a Wood in this Marquisate and from thence to a Hill and here two Brothers not agreeing She at last removed to Loretto Where saith Tursellinus She hath resolved to take up her fixed and as we hope if no grievous offence of the Inhabitants or Neighbours prevent it her eternal Rest her last Remove he assures us was in 1295. And if she has been able to digest all the Italian Sins for almost four hundred years we may well presume She will remove no more at least not in our Days Lorgues Lonas Leonas Leonicae a Town in Provence in the Diocese of Frejus two Leagues from Draguignan five from Frejus and fourteen from Aix situated in a fertile Soil and adorned with a Collegiate Church of the Foundation of Pope Martin V. in 1421. together with divers Religious Houses Lorris Lauriacum a Town in the Diocese of Anger 's and the Dukedom of Anjou in France remarked for a French Synod there assembled in 843. Losere a Mountain in Languedoc in which are the Fountains of the River Tarn that separates Aquitain from Languedoc This is a Branch of the Sevennes extended towards the Lower Languedoc six Leagues from Ghave or Javoux to the North-West and eight from Vzes to the South-East mentioned by Sidonius Apollinaris in his twenty fourth Verse Losse a River of Scotland in the County of Murray called by Ptolemy Loxa it watereth the North part of that County and falls into the German Ocean beneath Elgin the Capital of that County Lot Le Olda Loda a River in Aquitain in France which ariseth from the Sevennes a Mountain in Givaudan a County of Languedoc and flowing within one Mile of Mende a City in the County and soon after augmented by the Truer and some smaller Rivers and running Westward through Rovergne and Querey which latter it divides it at last watereth Agen Cassenneil and Clerac then falls into the Garonne near Aiguillon four Leagues beneath Agen. Whereas heretofore this River was passable by Boats only as far as Ville Neuve de Agen it is of late with vast Expence made Navigable as high as Chaors to the inestimable Benefit of this Province by the present King of France in 1677. Lothaine Laudonia a County in the South of Scotland bounded on the North by the Fyrth of Edinburgh on the East by the German Ocean on the South by Marches Twedal and Cluydesdale and on the West by the County of Sterling This County is thirty four Scotch Miles in length from East to West but not above ten broad for the most part It is the principal County in that Kingdom Edinburgh standing almost in the middle of it besides which it hath Lyth Dunbar and Dalkeith Lotophagi the ancient People of the Island now called L'isle des Gerbes upon the Coast of Africa under the Spaniards They are mentioned by divers of the Ancients with applause Lotreich or Lothar-reich Lorain Loudun Juliodunum a City of France in the County of Poictou six Leagues from Salmur to the South ten from Poictiers and eighteen from Amboise to the North-West from this City the circumjacent Country is called le Laudonnois which King Henry III. erected into a Dutchy and in the Writers of the middle Age this City is called also Lausdunum Lovenstein Lovenstenum a Castle or Triangular Fort in the County of Holland in the Island of Bommel at the union of the Vahal and the Maes over against Worcum four Miles from Vtrecht to the South and a little more from Dort to the East This Fort belongs to the States of Holland and lies in the Borders of Guelderland Lough the Irish word for a Lake Loughborough a handsom pleasant Market Town in Leicestershire in the Hundred of West Goscote upon the Banks of the River Stowre over which it has a Bridge and near the Forest of Charwood amongst fertile Meadows Lough Foyle Logia a River of Ireland in the Province of Vlster which by London-Derry falls into the Deucalidonian Ocean between the County of Derry and
by the Arabs Hamammetha In the Year 394. a Council was held here the Canons whereof are confused amongst the Body of the Canons of the African Church Long. 36. 40. Lat. 32. 40. Majaquana one of the Luccaye Islands belonging to North America between Hispaniola to the South and Samana to the North. Maida a Principality in the further Calabria in the Kingdom of Naples near Nicastro Maidenhead a Market Town in Berkshire in the Hundred of Bray Maidstone Madus Vagniacae is a fair sweet populous Town in the County of Kent in Aylesford Lath upon the River Medway near its head from which it has this name There is a fair Stone Bridge built by the Archbishops of Canterbury over this River Edward VI. Incorporated this Town and granted it a Mayor which was taken from them in Queen Maries time for favouring Wyat's Rebellion in 1554. But Queen Elizabeth restored them to their former State In ancient times their chief Magistrate was called a Portgreve from Grave an old German word still used by the Germans in Markgrave Reingrave and Landtgrave Charles I. added another Honor to this Place when in 1628. he created Elizabeth Finch Grandmother to the late Heneage Finch Earl of Winchelsey late Lord Chancellor of England Viscountess of Maidstone and Countess of Winchelsey with an Entail upon her Heir Males which Honors are now possessed by Heneage Her Grandchild the Second of this Family Heneage late Earl of Nottingham and Lord Chancellor of England was another of Her Posterity This is the Town where the Assizes and Sessions are kept with which honour it has that of the Election of two Members of the House of Commons Maienne See Mayenne Majella Nicates a Mountain in Abruzzo a Province of the Kingdom of Naples near the River Pescara Aternus as Holstenius affirms Maillezais or Mallezais Malleaca Malleacum a small City in Poictou in France seated in a Morass made by the Rivers Seure Niortoise which falls into the Bay of Aquitain and the Hautize The ancient Earls of Poictou and Dukes of Guyenne chose it for their Residence and Founded in it an Abbey about the Year 1030. which by P. John XXII in 1317. was changed into a Bishops See but being little inhabited by reason of the badness of the Air the Bishoprick was suppressed in 1649. and the City of Rochell substituted in its place by Pope Innocent X. It stands nine Leagues from Rochell to the North-East and five from Niore to the South Long. 19. 36. Lat. 46. 21. according to the last Maps Mailly a Seigniory near Amiens in Picardy giving name to an honorable Family of that Province Maina or Maines or Braccio di Maina a City on the South of the Morea supposed to have been the ancient Leuctra or Tenarus in Laconia on the East side of the Gulph of Coron North of Cape Matapan the most South Cape of the Morea The Inhabitants are called the Mainotes and have in this present War contributed very much to the driving the Turks out of the Morea by serving in great numbers under the Venetians against them It is said it was a Common-wealth before but Coronelli in his late description of the Morea assures us it was a Fort built by the Turks upon the Ruins of Cersapolis to keep these Mainotes under who being impatient of the Turkish Slavery and extremely Warlike had betaken themselves to the Rocks and Forests and would pay no Tribute to the Turks thereupon the Turks began to build the Fort of Maina but Querini Captain of the Gulph for the Venetians in 1570. understanding their design Landed and by the help of the Mainotes took this Fort and ruined it entirely by which means the Mainotes were preserved and obliged to the Service of this State Main Amber a noted strong Rock nigh to Mounts Bay in the County of Cornwall mounted upon others of a lesser size with so equal a ponderation that it may be stirred 't is said yet not moved out of its place Maine le Maine Cenomanensis Provincia is a great and fruitful Province in France the old Inhabitants of which were the Cenomani Aulerci its greatest extent is from East to West on the North it is bounded by Normandy on the West by Bretagne This part is called the Lower Maine on the South by Anjou and on the East by Le Perche This the Vpper Maine and of the two the most fruitful and pleasant The Rivers Huisne Sarte and Mayenne water it The Principal City in it is Mans the next Mayenne Charles the second Son of Francis Duke of Guise being made Duke of Maine and after that General of the League against Henry III. and IV. of France made this Province frequently mentioned in the Histories of France of those times The Common Proverb of the People of this Province is Qu' un Manceau vaut un Norman demy One Man of Maine is worth one Norman and the half of another Main Land Pomona the Principal of the Isles of Orkney which is twenty two English Miles long and has a Town called Kirkwall on the Northern Shoar for its Capital its greatest extent is from East to West and its greatest breadth about ten Miles The Mainotes See Maina Maintez Meintez See Mentz Majorca or Mallorca Balearium insulae Palma Majorca an Island in the Mediterranean Sea on the Eastern Coast of Spain over against the Kingdom of Valencia at the distance of about sixty Miles between Minorca to the East and Yvica to the West which three Islands constituted the Kingdom of Majorca so called from this the greatest of them It s Circuit is near one hundred and ten Miles the Principal City is Mallorca Palma or Majorca which is a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Tarragona and a flourishing University in which Raymundus Lullius taught and his tenets are now ex instituto maintained It is great strong and has a Haven belonging to it on the Western shoar of the Island Long. 24. 40. Lat. 40. 00. The Maps place it in Lat. 38. 26. The Inhabitants of this Island were of old famous Archers from whence they were called Baleares at first they went naked being subdued by the Carthaginians Anno Mundi 3500. they became more civilized and served in the Carthaginian Wars against the Romans till together with Spain they fell under that Republick in the Year of Rome 630. 521 Years before the Birth of our Saviour The Moors were their next Masters who crossing out of Africa took Possession of them about the same time they Conquered Spain Raymund Earl of Barcelone by the assistance of the Genouese expelled the Moors in 1102 but the Genouese as if they had repented this good Deed restored them again In 1228. they were finally ex elled by James King of Arragon This Prince in 1230. made James his Son King of Majorca whose Posterity enjoyed this Kingdom till 1341. when James III. the fourth King of Majorca was slain in Battel by Pedro IV. King of Arragon and ever since
d'Ancona Picenum Marchia Anconitana is a large Province under the Dominion of the Church in Italy bounded on the North by the Adriatick Sea on the West with the Dukedom of Vrbino on the South with the Apennine and on the East with Abruzzo It has this Name from Ancona the principal City in it This was formerly the Seat of the Picentes who for aiding their Allies the Tarentines against the Romans were subdued and made a Roman Province in the year of Rome 485. The City of Ancona being given to Pope Zachary by Luitprandus King of the Lombards about the year 741. his Successors in time gained all the rest of this Marquisate to it This Country is so fruitful that in the times of the Roman Empire it was called Picenum Annonarium Marca Hispanica the Name of Catalonia in the time of the Emperor Lewis the Debonnaire Marcha Trevisana or Trivigiana Euganei Populi Marchia Tarvisina is a large Province of Italy under the State of Venice Heretofore much greater than now Bounded on the South at present by the River Athesis now Adige and the most Northern Branch of the Po called Fornaces on the West with the Duchy of Milan on the East with Friuli and the Gulph of Venice and on the North with the Alpes which divide it from Tirol In the time of Augustus called Venetia from its ancient Inhabitants and one of his eleven Regions of Italy The principal Towns and Cities are Vincentia Treviso Padua Brescia Verona Crema Bergomo This Marquisate having suffered many Changes was about the year 1390. conquered by the States of Venice who are at present in possession of it Marcana Marea Marca Merca a small City in an Island of the same Name in the Gulph of Venice under the State of Ragusa and not far from the Coast of Dalmatia which was a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Ragusa The City is ruined but the Bishoprick is still in being and united to that of Trebinga which is now under the Turks It lies five Miles from Ragusa the Island in which it stands is about four in compass The Town has not now above three or four Houses March the most South-East County of the Kingdom of Scotland on the East bounded by the German Ocean on the North by Lothaine on the West by Twedale and on the South by Tivedale and Northumberland cut off by the River Tweed upon the North Bank of which stands Berwick the last Town of England and more North Coldingham the Colania of Ptolemy This is written Merch and Mers La Marche Marchia a Town in the Dukedom of Barrois in Lorain in the Borders of Champagne about three Leagues from the Fountains of the Maes to the South-East and five from Mirecourt La Marche or La Marche en Limosin Marchia a Province in Aquitain in France which is great and fruitful Bounded on the North with Berry on the East by Auvergne on the West by Poictou and on the South by Limosin to which it is sometime attributed tho it is a distinct Province It is divided into the Vpper and Lower Marche Geieret is the principal Town in the former and La Dorat in the other The Rivers Vienne Cher Creuse Gartempe c. derive their Springs from this Province It gives the Title of an Earldom which was united to the Crown about 1531. Marcianopoli Marcianopolis a City of the ancient Mysia now in Bulgaria commonly called Preslaw it had this Name from Marciana a Sister of Trajan and and was a Bishops See but is now an Archbishoprick and in a flourishing State twenty Miles from the Euxine Sea on the Borders of Thrace by the Turks called old Constantinople Marck and Markishlandt Marchia by the French called la Mare a Province of Germany in the Circle of Westphalia under the Dominion of the Elector of Brandenburgh who succeeded to it as Heir to the Duke of Juliers Bounded on the North by the Bishoprick of Munster on the East by the Dukedom of Westphalia on the South and West by the Dukedom of Mons. It hath the Honour of the Title of an Earldom The chief Town in this Province is Ham it takes its Name from the Castle of Mark near the said Town of Ham. Marckfeldt Marckfeldberg Teracatriae Campi a Tract of Germany near the Danube in the Confines of Austria and Moravia towards Presburgh Marckpurg Marcpurgum Marcopurgum a City of Germany in Stiria upon the Drave thirteen Miles from Laubach to the North-East and twenty two from Vienna to the South Marcomanni Marcomades Marcomates a people of the ancient Germany whom Cluverius places betwixt the Rhine the Danube and the Necker from whence they passed into Bohemia together with the Sedusii and the Harudes and made frequent Revolts against the Romans Mardike a strong Fort in Flanders built by the Spaniards about one German Mile from Dunkirk to the West and two from Gravelin to the East not far from the Sea Shoar It was taken by the French in 1645. and 1657. when it was put into the Hands of the English with Dunkirk with which it was resigned back to the French who have slighted and ruined it Marecchia Ariminus a River of Romandiola in Italy It ariseth from the Apennine not above four Miles from the Fountains of the North-East and running Northwards watereth S. Leo S. Marino and Rimini where it buries it self in the Adriatick Sea Mareotis a Canton of the Territory of Alexandria in Egypt consisting of divers Villages so called from the Lake Mareotis watering it which has since changed its Name to Lago di Buchiara Ischyras the great Antagonist of S. Athanasius dwelt in a Village of this Country Margaias a People in Brasil Margarita an Island of South America in the North Sea eight Leagues from the Coast of New Andaluzia and forty from the Island of S. Trinidada to the West Long. 314. Lat. 11. First discovered by C. Columbus in 1498. and since mostly frequented on the account of the Pearl Fishery from whence it has its Name It is about forty French Leagues in compass very fruitful but mountainous watered by two Rivers and adorned with the Town of S. Jago de de la Vega and some Villages Margarita Lero an Island on the Coast of Provence in the Mediterranean Sea which with its Neighbor S. Honorate being taken by the Spaniards was recovered by the French in 1637. Margiana a large Province of the Ancient Asia which lay betwixt Bactriana and Hyrcania now for the most part contained in the Provinces of Khoesme and Charasan in Persia Margosest Marcodava a City of Walachia upon the River Bardalach eleven German Miles from Jazi to the South Marguerite Margereta a small River in Soissonois in France Mariana a Colony and a City in the Eastern Part of the Isle of Corsica which had its Name from Marius the great Roman Consul and is a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Genoua Heretofore very great and populous seated upon a small River which runs
demolished by the English It has a Collegiate Church § There is another Meun in the same Province upon the River Inde betwixt Chateau-roux and Bruzancais § And a Third in the Province of Orleanois under the right side of the Loyre betwixt the City Orleans and Baugency Adorned with a Collegiate Church and taken heretofore by the Victorious English under the Earl of Salisbury In Latin Magdunum Meurs Meursia a small City of the Dukedom of Cleves though seated in the Bishoprick of Cologn which is an Earldom and belongs together with its Territory to the Prince of Orange by the gift of the last Countess in 1600. Yet the Duke of Brandenburgh lays claim to it as Duke of Cleves It lies two Miles from Rhineburgh to the South one from the Rhine to the West about ten from Cologn to the North-West and seven from Cleves to the South-West Meurtre Mourtre Murta Morta a River of Lorrain it ariseth from Mount Vauge and watering Nancy falls into the Moselle three Leagues above Pont Mouson Meuse Mosa the same with the Maes Mexico Mexicum a vast City in the North America the Capital of New Spain and of a Province of the same name in that Kingdom the Seat of the Spanish Viceroy of the West-â—naâ—es and an Archbishop's See This City stands upon the North side of a Lake of the same name in a most pleasant fruitful and large Plain and in great part surrounded with the Lake The Inhabitants pretend it was built in 1322. The Spaniards by the current and thread of their Story say it was built in 902. It was many Ages since the Royal Seat of the Kings of Mexico had then a great and splendid Palace called in their Tongue the Tepac but burnt together with the City when it was taken by the Spaniards in 1521. by Francis Cortez who rebuilt the City and made it the Capital of his Conquests Its Streets are great streight and beautiful its Churches magnificent its publick Buildings noble It has an Aquaduct three Miles long and many Monasteries John de Turre Cremata our Countryman Mr. Gage and some others have given large accounts of this noble City which is the greatest in America It has no Walls Forts Bastions nor any Cannon or Defence whatsoever beside what the number of its Inhabitants afford which is a part of the Spanish Jealousie for fear a Viceroy should set up for himself In 1527. Pope Clement VII made it a Bishop's See In 1547. Paul III. made it an Archbishop's See in which Year Cortez the Conqueror died It was made an University in 1551. by Charles V. As it is seated in a very low ground so it has often suffered very much by Inundations of the Lake particularly Septemb. 21. 1629. forty thousand of its Inhabitants were drowned to prevent this for the future they have with great Charges found out a means to drive part of these Waters other ways There is no way to the City but over three Causways on the North West and South sides the latter of which is the longest Long. 269. 00. Lat. 28. 30. eighty Spanish Leagues from the South Sea and the same distance from the Shores of the Bay of Mexico See Golfo di Mexico There are also two Lakes of Water called by the name of this City one of which is fresh Water seven Leagues long six broad the other is salt Water forty Leagues in compass Meydenburg See Magdeburg Meylandt the German Name for Milan Meyne See Mayn § Also a Mineral Spring much resorted to of late near the City Arles in Provence Mezaal a pretended Island in Aethiopia See Meroë Mezieres Maderiacum Meceria a City of France in Champagne in the Territory of Retelois built upon and almost encompassed with the Maes and very well fortified besides It stands not above half a League from Charleville four beneath Sedan to the West three from the Confines of Luxemburgh and sixteen from Reims to the North-East and hath a Collegiate Church Mezo Amyzon a City of Caria in the Lesser Asia still extant and a Bishop's See under the Archbishop of Sancta Croce being seated between Magnesia and Alabanda thirty Miles from Miletus now Melasso and the same distance from the Shoares of the Archipelago to the East Mezuma oppidum novum a City in the Kingdom of Algïer in Africa in the Province of Tenez between Algier and Tremesin Mezzaba a Province in Biledulgerida in Africa with a City of the same name by the great River between Zeb and Tegorarina to the West Mezzovo Pindus Miana Apamia or Apamea a City of Media Long. 79. 50. Lat. 34. 20. Miary a River in Brasil which receives the Ovaro Covo and divers other Rivers then falls into the Ocean near the Island of Maragnan upon the Coast of Brasil Micoli an Island of the Aegean Sea betwixt Nicaria to the East and the Islands Tenon and Andron to the North. One of the Cyclades called by the Antients Mycone and Myconos It produces Wine Cotton Barley and abundance of Game planted with one only Village which pays a yearly Tribute to the Turks Middleburgh Metelli Castrum Middleburgum Metelloburgum a Town in Zealand the Capital of the Isle of Walcheren made a Bishop's See under the Archbishop of Vtretcht in 1559. by Pope Paul IV the Collegiate Church in 1561 being converted into a Cathedral and the Revenues of a famous Abbey that was here applied to serve for the use of the Bishoprick It is great rich populous extremely well fortified and has been under the Vnited Provinces ever since 1574 in which it was taken by their Forces from the Spaniards The Abbey is now the Town-house § There is a Town in Flanders under the Vnited Provinces two German Miles from Bruges to the North and an Island in the East-Indies both called by the same name Middlefart a Town in the Island of Fuynen in the Baltick Sea giving name to the Channel Middelfart or Middle-Passage betwixt this Island and Jutland Middlesex Middlesexia Trinobantes is bounded on the North by Hartfordshire on the West by Buckingham separated by the River Colne on the South by Surrey cut off by the Thames and on the East by Essex divided from it by the Lea. It is nineteen English Miles in length and sixteen in breadth one of the least Counties in England but its Fertility and nearness to London abundantly recompenseth this want of Extent The ancient British Inhabitants were the Trinobantes afterwards it was a part of the Kingdom of the East-Saxons White-hall and S. James the Royal Mansions of the Kings of England are both in this County to which may be added Hampton Court their Country House of Pleasure and LONDON the Capital of England is its Head The Honorable Charles Sackville Earl of Dorset is also Earl of Middlesex by a Creation of Feb. 4. 1674. Which Title was first bestowed by K. James I. in 1622. on Lionel Lord Cranfield Lord Treasurer of England whose Son James enjoyed the same and after
from Vratislaw to the South and the same distance from Oppeien to the West The Dukedom of Munsterberg lies in Bohemia in the Vpper Silesia now in the possession of the Emperour Bounded by the Dukedom of Grotkaw to the East that of Schweidnitz to the North and Bohemia to the West and South Munsterthal Vallis Monasterii a small Territory in the Canton of Gottespunt amongst the Grisons Munzarrum Taurus a Mountain in the Losser Armenia Muradal or El puerto de Muradal Saltus Castulonensis a passage over the Mountains of Morena leading to New Castile Andaluzia and the Borders of Portugal where Alphonsus King of Castile with the King of Navarre obtained so great a Victory over the Moors as to leave two hundred thousand of them dead upon the place There was heretofore nigh to it a Town called Castulo now a Village by the name of Caslona which gave it the Latin Name of Saltus Castulonensis Murat a small Town in the Province of Auvergne in France upon the River Alagnon at the foot of the Mountains three or four Leagues from S. Flour adorned with the Title of a Viscounty Murrana Crabra a River in Italy which ariseth in Campagnia di Roma and dividing into two Branches one falls into the Teverone two Miles above Rome the other runs through Rome into the Tiber. Murcia a City and a Kingdom in Spain The Kingdom is very small lies on the South of New Castile to which it is now united which bounds it on the North. The Kingdom of Valentia on the East the Kingdom of Granada on the West and the Mediterranean Sea on the South It is called a Kingdom because during its being under the Moors it had distinct Kings for many Ages The chief Cities in it are Carthagena and Murcia the Capital of this Kingdom It is seated on the River Segura in a pleasant Plain in the Confines of the Kingdom of Valentia three Leagues from Orihuela to the West six from Carthagena to the North-West eight from the Mediterranean Sea Retaken from the Moors in 1265. and being a considerable and pleasant place injoys the presence of the Bishop of Carthagena for the most part Muret Muretum a Town in the Province of Gascoigne in Aquitain in France upon the Garonne two Leagues from Tholouse near which Simon Earl of Monfort in 1213. obtained a great Victory over the Albigeois and Arragonois Peter the King of Arragon being there slain together with the Earl of Tholouse and above twenty thousand of their men § Also a small Town in the Province of Limosin in the same Kingdom Muro Muru a small City in the Basiilicate in the Kingdom of Naples which is a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Cosenza It is seated at the foot of the Appenine in the Confines of the Principate twelve Miles from Cosenza to the North-East and twenty from Acerenza to the West Murray Moravia one of the North-Eastern Shires of the Kingdom of Scotland of great extent from East to West on the North it has the German Ocean and Murray Fyrth on the East Buchan on the South Athole and Marr and on the West Loquaber It is in length ninety Scotch Miles and in its greatest breadth thirty The principal Town is Elgin which is a Bishops See under the Archbishop of S. Andrews but he is stiled Bishop of Murray not of Elgin Murray Fyrth Vara a great Arm of the German Ocean which pierceth the Eastern Shoar of Scotland On the North and West it has the County of Ross and on the South Murray and Buchan There is no Town of any consideration upon it except Chaurie Muscovy See Russia Mussidan a Town in the Province of Perigord in France upon the River Lille four or five Leagues from Perigeux famous in the Civil Wars of Religion in the last Age. Mut Vidua a River of Ireland Muya Mulcha the Niger a vast River in Africa Mycone See Micoli Mygdonia a Country of the ancient Macedonia betwixt the Rivers Strymon Stronona Axius Vardari and the Gulph of Aiomana Apollonia Antigonia Amphipalis c. were its principal Cities § The same name was anciently also given to a Country in Mesopotamia lying along the course of the River Mygdonius which watereth the Walls of the City Nifibin and thence runs to the Bed of the Tigris Mycenae an ancient City of the Peloponnesus betwixt Argos and Corinth Otherwise called Agios Adrianos Mylaen Mylias a City of Pamphylia in the Lesser Asia now ruined Myra the ancient name of the City Strumita in Lycia See Strumita Myrbach a small Town in the Vpper Alsatia in Germany remarkable for a famous Abbey which before the possession of this Country by the French had the honour to be an Ecclesiastical Principality immediately dependent of the Emperour Myrlaea Apamia a City of Bythinia in the Lesser Asia upon the South Shoar of the Propontis which is a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Cyzicum and still called by its ancient name Mysia a Country of Asia Minor according to the ancient Geography divided into the Greater and Lesser Mysia the former lay betwixt Phrygia Bythinia the Aegean Sea and Mysia the Less as this latter did betwixt Troas and the Hellespont Now wholly contained in Natolia and under the Turks It s principal ancient Cities were Pergamus Trajanopolis Adramyttios Cyzicus Lampsacus c. N O. NAB Nabus a River of Nortgow which ariseth out of the Mountains of Sultzberg near the Fountains of the Main and flowing Northward through Nortgow or the Vpper Palatinate is increased by several smaller Rivers at last ends in the Danube a little above Ratisbone Nabathaei an ancient people of the Stony Arabia descended in the judgment of Isidore from Nabath the Son of Ismael Their Country was bounded by Arabia Deserta on the East Palestine on the South and Arabia Foelix on the North. Their Capital City Petra Being the same people who as Josephus writes were defeated once in a great Fight by Paulus Gabinius sometime Governour of Syria Nadder a River of Wiltshire joining with the Willy at Wilton near Salisbury and there falling into the Avon Nadin a Fortress in the County of Zara in Dalmatta taken from the Venetians by Solyman II. but since retaken by them and kept Naerdem or Narden Nardenum a strong Town in Goeland whereof it is the Capital in Holland upon the Zuyder Sea almost four German Miles from Amsterdam to the East In 1572. suprised and much defaced by the Spaniards In 1672. it fell into the hands of the French but being recovered is now very strongly refortified Nagaia the Kingdom of Astracan in Tartaria Deserta in the Czar's Dominions Some describe it to be a Kingdom or a Hord of Tartars there distinct from Astracan Nagera Nagara a City in Old Castile in the Province of Rusconia by a River of the same name once a Bishops See now translated to Calzada yet honoured with the Title of a Dukedom This City lies thirty Spanish Leagues from Saragoza to the
England Bounded on the North with the German Ocean on the East in part by the same Ocean in part by Suffolk on the South by the Rivers of VVaveney and the little Ouse which part it from Suffolk on the West with the great Ouse and towards Lincolnshire with that part of the Nene which passeth from VVisbich to the Washes It containeth in length from Yarmouth to VVisbich fifty Miles in breadth from Thetford to VVells thirty in circuit about two hundred and forty The Southern parts which are Wood Lands are fruitfull the Northern or Champain barren and dry In the whole are six hundred and sixty Parishes and thirty one Market Towns and besides the VVaveney and the Ouse watered by the Rivers Yare and Thryn It s Capital City Norwich The largest County next to Yorkshire in England and surpassing even Yorkshire in populousness In the time of the Heptarchy it was a part of the Kingdom of the East-Angles The first Earl of Norfolk was Ralph de VVaet Created in the Year 1075. After whom succeeded the Bigots from 1135 to 1270 in six Descents In 1313 Tho. de Brotherton a Son of Edward I. was made Earl of Norfolk Margaret his Daughter in 1398 was made Duchess whose Son Thomas Mowbray and his Descendents continued the Honor to the Year 1461. In 1475 Richard Duke of York was made Duke of Norfolk In 1483 John Lord Howard was vested with the same Honor in whose Family it now is Henry the present Duke of Norfolk being the ninth Duke of this Race Norimburgh See Nurenberg Norin a fort of Dalmatia betwixt the River Narenta and the branch thereof called Norin which returns into the bed of the Narenta again Under the Venetians Norkoping Norcopia a small City in Sweden between two Lakes five Miles from the Baltick Sea in the Province of Ostrogothia by the River Motala ten Miles from the Lake Veter East Normandy Neustria Normannia is a great and fruitful Province in France which has the Title of a Dukedom It has this name from the Normans who under Rollo their first Duke setled here in the time of Charles the Simple King of France Bounded on the North and West by the British Sea on the East by Picardy on the South by le Perche and le Maine It lies sixty six Leagues from East to West and from North to South about thirty the principal City in it is Roan or Roiien This Province is divided into twelve Counties but more usually into the Upper and Lower Normandy the former containing the Bailywicks of Roiien Eureux Caux and Gisors the other those of Alenzon Caen and Constantin It s principal Rivers are the Seine Eure Risle Dive Soule Ouve c. A cold Climate plentiful in Corn Cattel and Fruits but generally wanting Wine It yields some Mines of Iron and Brass together with Medicinal Waters Is better inhabited by Gentry than almost any other Province of France and reckons above a hundred Cities and a hundred and fifty great Towns standing in it Rollo the first Duke under whom the Normans besieged Paris three times obtained that Title in 912. from Charles the Simple who gave his Daughter in Marriage to him upon condition to hold Normandy in homage to the Crown William the base Son of Robert the sixth Duke Conquered England in 1066 by which means it was United to the Crown of England till 1202 when King John was outed of it Henry V. about 1420. reconquered this Duchy His Son lost it again about 1450. ever since which time it has been annexed to the Crown of France De Noort Caep Rubaea Rubeae Promontorium is the most Northern Point of Finmark and indeed of all Europe § There is a Cape of the same Name in Guiana in South America Nortgow Nortgovia a Province of Germany between Bohemia to the East the Danube to the East and South which parts it from Bavaria Schwaben and Franconia to the West and Voigtland to the North. The Capital of it is Norimburg This name in the German Tongue signifies the North Country It was the Seat of the antient People Nariscâ— North-Allerton A Market Town in the North-Riding of Yorkshire near the Stream Wisk which falls into the Swale The Capital of its Hundred Northamptonshire Northantonia is seated almost in the midst of England on the North it is parted from Lincolnshire by the River Weland on the East from Huntington by the Nene on the South it has Buckingham and Oxford and on the West Warwickshire separated by Watlingstreet a Roman way From North to South it is forty six Miles in length but not full twenty in breadth where broadest In the whole there are three hundred twenty six Parishes and thirteen Market Towns The Rivers Nen and VVeland have their rise in this County together with the Ouse The Air is temperate the Soil rich fruitful champain full of People The chief Town is Northampton pleasantly seated on the Bank of the River Nen where two Rivulets from the North and South fall into it which for its Circuit Beauty and Buildings may be compared with most of the Cities of England It was burnt by the Danes In the Wars in King John's time it suffered much from the Barons Near this City in 1460. Henry VI. was overthrown and first taken Prisoner by Edward IV. In 1261 the Students of Cambridge are said to have removed hither by the King's Warrant with Intentions to have setled the University here In the Reign of King Charles II. Sept. 1675. it was totally destroyed by Fire but by the favour of that gracious Prince and the chearful Contributions of good People soon rebuilt Long. 19. 40. Lat. 52. 36. To omit the more ancient Families VVilliam Lord Compton was created Earl of Northampton by King James I. in 1618. The present Earl George is the fourth of this Noble Family Northausen Northusia an Imperial Free City of Germany in Thuringia upon the River Zorge between Erford to the South and Halberstad to the North eight German Miles from either This City is under the Protection of the Elector of Saxony and said to have been built by Meroveus I. King of the Franks in the Year of Christ 447. The North Foreland Cantium a Cape of the Isle of Thaâ—â—â—â— in Kent famous for a Sea Fight between the English and the Dutch in 1666. When the brave Duke of Albemarle with only two Squadrons of the English Fleet maintained a Fight against the whole Dutch Fleet of an hundred Sail two days together Prince Rupert coming up in the Evening of the second day the English fell again the third on the Dutch Fleet and beat them home which all things considered was the most wonderful Naval Fight that ever was fought upon the Ocean Northumberland Northumbria is parted on the South by the Derwent and the Tyne from the Bishoprick of Durham on the East it has the German Ocean on the North Scotland on the West Scotland and Cumberland it has the form of a Triangle
or Wedge containing in length from North to South about forty Miles in breadth where it is the broadest thirty in the whole four hundred and sixty Parishes and only six Market Towns The Air is cold and sharp the Soil barren and rugged but much improved by the Industry of its Inhabitants and chiefly towards the Sea fertile The Bowels of the Earth are full of Coal Mines whence a great part of England â—s supplied with that Fewel The principal Places in â—â— are Newcastle and Berwick George Fitz-Roy a Natural Son of Charles II. was created Duke of Northumberland in 1674. Which Title had been once before enjoyed by John Dudley Earl of Warwick created Duke of Northumberland by K. Edward VI. in 1551. and beheaded by Q. Mary After the death of the said John the Title of Earl of Northumberland returned to the Percies in whose Family as it had heretofore belong'd to them from the Year 1337 when Henry Piercy Lord Constable possessed it under K. Richard II. and was succeeded in it by five of his Name and Family with little interruption so it continued till the Year 1670 when Joceline Piercy died at Turin without Issue Male. North-Curry a Market Town in Somersetshire upon the River Tone and the Capital of its Hundred Northwich a Market Town in Cheshire upon the River Dane which runs into the Weeve the Capital of its Hundred Its Salt-pits render it remarkable Norway Norvegia Nerigon Basilia is a Kingdom of great extent on the North-Western Shoar of Europe called by the Inhabitants Norricke and by Contraction Norke by the Germans Norwegen Heretofore esteemed the Western part of Scandinavia and called Nerigon as Cluverius saith it reaches from the Entrance of the Baltick Sea to almost the North Cape but not of equal breadth On the East a long Ridge of Mountains always covered with Snow called Sevones separate it from Sweden Barren and Rocky or overgrown with vast and unpassable Woods It s length is about one thousand and three hundred English Miles and two hundred and fifty its breadth Divided into five Provinces Aggerhus Bergensus Dronthemhus VVardhus and Bahus The Inhabitants traffick abroad with Dryed Fish Whales Grease and Timber Of the same Religion with the Danes and some of them enclined to Magick like the Laplanders The Glama is the only River in this Kingdom that is sufficient to carry Vessels of great burden In 1646. a discovery was made of a golden Mine near Opslow which was quickly exhausted Bahus was resigned to the King of Sweden in 1658. There depend upon this Kingdom several Islands as Iseland Groenland Spitzberg the Isles of Feroe and those of Orkney the latter whereof were resigned to James VI. of Scotland The principal Cities are Drontheim and Berghen This had Kings of its own from very ancient times but in 1326. it was first united to Denmark in the Person of Magnus III. In 1376. they became so united that they were never since separated Norwich Nordovicum Norvicum is a rich populous neat City in the middle of the County of Norfolk seated at the confluence of the Venster or Vensder and the Yare over which it hath several Bridges This City sprung up out of the Ruins of Venta Icenorum now called Caster in which not many years since was found a vast number of Roman Urns. When or by whom Norwich was built is not known it seems to be a Saxon City it was certainly the Seat of some of the Kings of the East-Angles In its Infancy Sueno a Dane burnt it in 1004. In the Reign of VVilliam the Conqueror it was besieged and taken by Famine Herbert Bishop of this Diocese contributed to its growth by removing the Bishops Chair from Thetford hither about 1096. In the seventeenth year of King Stephen's Reign it was refounded and made a Corporation The Castle is thought to have been built in the Reign of Henry II. Taken by the French in the Reign of King John In the Reign of Edward I. it was walled by the Citizens Henry IV. in 1403. granted them a Mayor Afterwards it began to decay till Queen Elizabeth sent the Dutch Stuff Weavers who sled over into England from the cruel Government of the Duke d'Alva hither whereupon it grew very populous and rich There was great need of this supply one Kett a Tanner of VVindham having almost ruined this City about 1548. in the Reign of Edward VI. The present Bishop of Norwich is the seventy first from Bedwinus of Elmham the seventy fifth from Foelix the first Bishop of the East-Angles who began the Bishoprick in 636. Long. 24. 55. Lat. 52. 40. This City being about a Mile and a half in length and half as much in breadth contains twenty Parishes well walled with several Turrets and twelve Gates for Entrance and so pleasantly intermixt with Houses and Trees that it looks like an Orchard and a City within each other It gives the Title of Earl to the Duke of Norfolk whose Palace with that of the Bishop the Cathedral the Hospital c. are the principal Ornaments of its Buildings Noto Netum Nea Nectum Neetum a City of Sicily of great Antiquity and at this time great well inhabited the Capital of the Province called by its name It is incompassed with high Rocks and sleep Valleys being seated on the South side of Iseland Eight Miles from the Sea fifteen from Pachy no to the South-West and twenty five from Syracuse to the South Il Val di Noto Netina Vallis the Province in which the last mentioned City stands is the second Province of Sicily and lies on the South side of the Island On the North it has Il Valle di Demona on the West il Val di Mazara and on the South the African Sea Notteberg Notteburgum a Town in Ingria in Sweden seated on an Island in the Lake Ladoga towards the Confines of Moscovy Called Oreska by the Russ A very strong Town by its Situation yet Gustavus Adolphus King of Sweden took it from the Moscovites in 1614. It takes its name from Nutts Nottinghamshire Nottinghamia is bounded on the North and West by Yorkshire on the East by Lincolnshire divided from it by the Trent on the South by Leicestershire on the West by Darbyshire It is in length thirty eight English Miles from North to South in breadth from East to West not above nineteen and in Circuit about an hundred and ten containing 168 Parishes and nine Market Towns The Air is good and pleasing the Soil rich Sand and Clay so that for Corn or Grass it may compare with any County of England it abounds equally with Wood and Coals and is watered with the Rivers Trent and Iddle besides several small Streams This County takes its name from its principal Town Nottingham Rhage a delicate pleasant Town seated on a high Hill full of fine Streets and good Buildings upon the River Line towards the South Borders of this County and about a Mile from the Trent to the West
great Tract in the Eastern part of Africa and the River Nile incompassed on the North and Weâ—â— with Mountains by which it is separated from Egypt to the North Guoga Borno Zanfara and Biafara to the West on the East it has the Niâ—e which parts it from Barnagasso and on the South Abassinia or Aethiopia It lies three hundred French Leagues in length and not much less in breadâ—â— the Capital of it is Dancala the other Cities Câ—â—a Guala Jalac and Sula This was the Country of the ancient Nubae or Nubaei and Numides It is rich and fertile enough towards the Nile Nuis or Neus Novesium a Town in the Archbishoprick of Cologne upon the Rhine in Germany where that River receives the Eâ—pt adorned with a Colâ—â—Sapnâ—â—rch It is ancient strong and memorable 〈…〉 resistance it made against Charles the Hâ—â—â—â— Duke of Burgundy who besieged it a whole year The Emperour Frederick III. granted it great Privileges It was often taken and retaken in the last German Wars Nuis or Nuits a small Town in the Dukedom of Burgundy upon the River Armanson betwixt Mombard and Tonnere Some are of opinion that it was the Work of the ancient Nuithones a people of Germany Tland van Pieter Nuitz The Land of Peter Nuitz is a part of New Holland in the North America discovered by a Dutch-man of the Name in 1625. Numantia an ancient and celebrated City of Spain It sustained a Siege against an Army of forty thousand Romans for fourteen years together and by its Courage and Conduct did reduce Aemilius Lepidus and C. Hostilius Mancinus the two Roman Consuls in the year of Rome 617. to such a dishonourable Treaty that the latter was ordered by the Senate to be delivered to the Enemy by a Herald at Arms naked with his hands tied in indignation at the Conditions of Peace passed by him But Numantia refused to take him Scipio Africanus afterwards undertaking the Siege made himself Master of the place in fifteen Months and the Inhabitants in despair burnt whatever was most dear to them even their Wives and Children and cast themselves naked upon the Swords of the Conquerours Numidia the Country in the ancient division of Africa which is now called Biledulgerid There was also a Numidia propria This latter had the honour to be a Kingdom famous in the Persons of Masanissa who aâ—â—isted the Romans in the last Punick War and of his Grandson Jugurtha taken Prisoner and carried to Rome after a long War he had maintained against the Romans Nura Nicia a River in the Dukedoms of Parma and Placentia Nuruberg Nuremberg Norimberga Nurimberga Noricorummons a great Imperial Free City in Germany in Franconia upon the Confluence of the Regen and Pegen two German Rivers seated at the foot of an Hill of the Hyrcinian Forest and fortified with a Castle and an Arsenal Frederick I. made the Capital of Nortgow It has belonging to it a Tract which lies between the Marquisate of Holach to the West Culenbach to the North the Vpper Palatinate to the East and the Bishoprick of Aichstad to the South This City was the Birth-place of Wenceslaus the Emperour and now in a flourishing condition It stands nine Miles from Bamberg to the South fourteen from Ratisbon thirteen from Wurtsberg and nineteen from Amburg to the North. It bought its liberty of its Princes and has carefully preserved it ever since 1027. The Emperour Henry V. ruined it but Conradus III. Henry VI. and Charles VI. re-established and augmented it In 1427. it bought the Castle of the Burgrave which is since imployed as a Granary It borrowed its form of Government which is Aristocratic from Venice In 1506. it imbraced Luther's Doctrine in his time but tolerated the Calvinists In 1649. here was a general Peace concluded amongst the Princes of Germany Nusco Nuscum an Episcopal City in the Further Principate in the Kingdom of Naples The See is a Suffragan to the Archbishop of Salerno Nyd a River in Yorkshire falling into the Ouse upon which Ripley and Knaresborough are situated Nyth a River of Scotland which flows through Nithisdale or Nythesdale Nyenburg Novoburgum a small City in Westphalia in the County of Hoyen upon the River Weser four German Miles above Perden to the South and eight from Zell to the West Nylandt Nylandia a Province of Finland upon the Bay of Finland between Carelia to the East Tavastbia to the North and Finland properly so called to the West over against Livonia from which it is separated by the Bay There are but three Towns of Note in it Borgo Helsingfors and Raseborg Nyms Nemesa a small River in the Bishoprick of Trier which watereth Scheineck and Bitberg then ends in the Saur Nyne Aufona a River which watering the Town and County of Northampton and Wisbich falls into the German Ocean between Norfolk and Lincolnshire O A. OAkre Obacer a River in the Lower Saxony and Lunenburg called Ovacra in the middle times Oanus See Frascolari § Stephanus makes mention of an ancient City Oanus in Lydia in Asia the Less But we have no account thereof at this day Oasis The name of two ancient Solitary Recesses in the Desarts of Barca in Lybia in Africa whither Eugenius and Macarius both of them Holy Priests of Antioch were banished by the Emperour Julian the Apostate and S. Hilarion retired to avoid the fury of the Emissaries of the same Prince The famous Nestorius died in his Banishment there also Oaxes and Oaxus a River of the Island of Candia now called Armiro Virgil epithets it rapidum veniemus Oaxem Other Ancients speak of a City or Town there of the same name Obb. See Oby Obdora a Province in the North of Moscovy on the Frozen Sea between the River Oby to the East and Petzora to the West There is never a City or Town of Note in it The Dutch who have lately discovered its Sea Coasts have presumed to call it Niew West Frieslandt but they have not settled any Colonies here and probably never will Obeck Gir a River of Lybia in Africa Obengir Ochus a River of Persia which watereth the Provinces of Balach and Tocharestan the Cities of Balach Varvalin Talecan Badhascian Ariander and then falls into the Gehun or Oxus above Bichende bringing with it the Balcan This River is the North-Eastern Boundary of Persia towards Tartary Ober Baden Thermae Superiores See Baden Ober-Wesel Ficelia Vosavia a City in Germany upon the Rhine once an Imperial Free City but in 1312. it fell into the hands of the Elector of Trier it lies between Baccharach to the South and Boppart to the North. S. Werner was here slain by the Jews in 1287. in the time of Lent Mammaea the Mother of Alexander the Roman Emperour was also assassinated in this place as the Inhabitants report Obiâ— Raptum a River of that part of Aethiopia next Egypt which flowing Eastward toward Quilmancy watereth the City of Quiloa in Zanguebar then falls into the Aethiopian Ocean Obtricht Obâ—rick
Compass in those times which made Men scarce dare to lose the sight of Land Joktan of the Posterity of Shem had two Sons called Ophir and Havilah Gen. 10. 29. Havilah is the name also in Gen. 2. 11. of a Country where there is Gold the Bdellium and the Onyx Stone which being the same product with that of the Land of Ophir procured by David and Solomon may signifie the Lands of those two Brothers to compose but one and the same Country to wit Arabia variously called by each others name And Bochartus allows that the three thousand talents of the Gold of Ophir prepared by King David 1 Chron. 29. 4. were fetched from Arabia It is true Josephus says Solomons Fleet went to the Indies to a Land called the Land of Gold meaning the Chersonesus Aurea now Malaca and S. Jerom that Ophir of the poâ—terity of Shem gave his name not only to that Chersonesus but also to the Isles of Java and Sumatra and the Kingdoms of Siam Pegu and Bengala Whereby the three years time said to be spent in the Voyage may be the better accounted for But this is no place to controvert opinions Oppaw the same with Troppaw Oppenheim Oppenhemium a small German City in the Lower Palatinate of the Rhine heretofore an Imperial and Free City but granted to Rupert Prince Elector by Lewis the Emperor in 1402 with its Territory It stands upon a Hill three German Miles from Mentz to the South Rupertus King of the Romans died here in 1410. The French put a Garrison into it in 1688. and have demolished it since Oppido Oppidum a City of the Kingdom of Naples in the Further Calabria which is a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Regio seated at the foot of the Apennine at the Rise of the River Marro twelve Miles from the Tyrrheniam Sea thirty from Messina to the North-East and twenty from Mileto to the South Cluverius believes it is the old Mamertum Opus or Opuntum an ancient City of Boeotia in Greece near the Gulph of Negropont Ptolemy Strabo Ovid c. mention it Since the times of Christianity there has been an Episcopal See placed in it under the Archbishop of Athens Oran Icosium Oranum Orano a small City in Barbary called by the Moors Guharan which has a very strong Castle Seated upon the Shoars of the Mediterranean Sea in the Kingdom of Algier Taken in 1509. by the Cardinal of Ximenes for the Spaniards in whose hands it still is In 1556. the Turks unprofitably besieg'd it The Spaniards in 1687. sent thither a greater Garrison than it formerly had A numerous Army of Moors encamped very near it for some months in 1688. and retired without any Action considerable It has a safe and large Haven seated over against Cartagena in Spain and attributed to the Diocese of Toledo there It has been heretofore called by the name of Quisa Orange Auranche Arausio Colonia Secundanorum Arausio Cavarum Arausica Civitas in Sidonius Apollinaris Arausionensis Vrbs a City of Provence in France which is a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Arles and an University tho of small extent seated near the River Ligne three Miles from the Rhosne and from S. Esprit to the South-East four from Avignon to the North and near ten from Montlimart to the South This City is the Capital of the Principality of Orange and saith Baudrand under the Prince of Orange but the Castle strongly built upon an Hill by Prince Maurice of Nassaw in 1622. which should have defended it was destroyed in 1660. There is in it the Ruins of a Roman Amphitheatre and of a triumphant Arch without the walls erected by Caius Marius and Luctatius Catulus after their Victory over the Cimbri and Teutones The Principality of Orange is a very small Territory not exceeding six French Leagues in Circuit surrounded by the County de Venascin on all sides and contains besides its Capital fifteen Villages It has belonged to the Illustrious House of Nassaw ever since 1559. The Right and Title of it belonging now to K. William the most Illustrious Prince of Orange It is of a fertile Soil for Wine Corn Saffron and Fruits The University of Orange was founded by Raymond V. of the House of Baux Prince of Orange in 1365. In 1562. and 1571. during the Civil Wars of Religion under the Reign of Charles IX K. of France this City addicted to the Protestant Interest severely suffered by Plunder and Fire and Sword In the Year 441. S. Hilarius Bishop of Arles presided at a Council here touching the regulation of Ecclesiastical Discipline In 529. Caesarius Bishop of the same See presided at another which determined the controversies about Predestination Grace and Free-will according to S. Austin's discourses having their Cannons afterwards approved by P. Boniface II. In 1228. there was a third celebrated against the Albigenses Orba or l' Orba and Vrba Vrbs a River of Liguria which rising from the Apennine and flowing towards the North through the Territory of Alessandria falls into the Bormia four Miles from Alessandria and Bormia falls into the Tenaro two Miles beneath the same City § There is a Town and Bayliwick in Switzerland under the Cantons of Bearn and Fribourg of this name in Latin Vrba Vrbigenus § Also a River of the Province of Languedoc in France arising from the Mountain les Sevennes near S. Pons de Tomieres and passing by Besiers into the Ocean below Serignan In Latin Orbis or Orobris The French write it l' Orbe Orbego Vrbicus a River of the Kingdom of Leon which ariseth from the Mountains of Asturia and flowing South takes in the River Asia near Astorga then falls into the Esla which by the City of Leon conveys it into the Douro between Miranda to the West and Samora to the East upon the Banks of Orbego Theodorick King of Spain obtained a signal Victory over the Suabians as Ado Viennensis relates Orbitelle a Town upon the Borders of Tuscany in Italy in the Territory call'd Stato delli Presidii by by the Inhabitants It is a strong Town under the Emperor Charles V. it resisted the Turks In 1646 the French Anciently the Sienese were Masters of it but now the Spaniards as of the whole Territory where it stands Orbo Hierus a River in Corsica The Orcades now commonly called the Isles of Orkney are a Knot of Islands about thirty in number lying at the North Point of the Kingdom of Scotland In Solinus his time not inhabited but overgrown with Wood and Weeds now inhabited have no Wood and bear no Corn but Oats and Barley The Romans are thought to have possessed them first in the days of Hadrian and to have lost them to the Saxons in the days of Honorius from those words of Claudian the Poet Maduerunt Saxone fuso Orcades From these they came into the hands of the Norwegians by the Grant of Donald ban one of the Kings of Scotland In 1266. they were re-conquered by Alexander
it self the Publick Schools and Physick Garden are admired by all By the Charter of K. Edward III. the Mayor of the City stands bound to obey the Orders and live in Subjection to the Vicechancellour of the Vniversity which from the time of its Restauration under K. Alfred has been all along accounted one of the four principal Vniversities of Europe the three other being Paris Salamanca and Bologna Henry VIII added in the year 1541. the Honor of a Bishop's See Aubrey de Vere the present Earl of Oxford is the twentieth of his Family which has been honored with this Title ever since the year 1155 or as others say in 1137. It is certain he is the first Earl in England Long. 19. 20. Lat. 52. 01. This City having suffered very much with and for Charles the Martyr after a Siege from May 2. to June 24. 1646 was surrendred to the Parliamentarians Oxirynchus or Oxgrynchus an ancient Town in the Kingdom of Egypt mentioned by Evagrius He says the Inhabitants were almost all Monks or Nuns and that it had then twelve Churches besides the Monasteries Oyse Aesia a River of France which ariseth in Picardy and running Southward by Guise and la Fere takes in there the Serre then entering the Isle of France at Compeigne it takes in the Aysne and between Clermont and Senlis passeth to Pont-Oyse beneath which it falls into the Seyne eight Leagues below Paris Ozaca a great City of the Kingdom of Japan in the Island of Niphonia with a splendid Castle belonging to the King built some few years since The Island is in a very large Bay of the Province of Jetsesena The City stands in the middle of the Island fifty Leagues from Meaco to the North-East Ozsurgheti Ozurietum the Capital City of the Kingdom of Guriel in Georgia where the King of Guriel resides Ozwieczin Ozviecinum a Town in the Lesser Poland in the Palatinate of Cracovia upon the Vistula where it takes in the Sala scarce three Polish Miles from Silesia and about seven from Cracovia to the West It has a Timber Castle seated in a Morass Honored with the Title of a Dukedom In the year 1654 it returned to the Crown of Poland after it had for many years been annexed to Silesia This Town is called by the Germans Ausch-Wits P A. PAchacama a famous fertile and pleasant Valley in the Kingdom of Peru four Leagues from Lima where stood in the times of the Yncas or Indian Emperors of Peru a most magnificent Temple by them built to the honour of the Creator of the Vniverse says Garcillasus not of the Sun as others misrepresent their Devotion Its Ruines are yet apparent This Temple was immensely rich with the Treasures especially hidden in it when Pizarro became Master of the Country It is said himself drew thence above nine hundred thousand Duccates Pacamores a People of Peru near the Confluence of the Maranio and the River of Amazons Pacca the Moorish Name of Beja a City of Portugal Pactolus a River of the Lesser Asia which ariseth in Lydia from the Mountain Tmolus and passeth by the City Sardis into the Hermus now Sarabat whence it is also by the Moderns called by the same Name of Sarabat The antient Poets often quote its golden Sands Padeborn Paderborn Paderborna Padeburna a City of Westphalia which is a Bishop's See under the Archbishop of Mentz by the Institution of Charles the Great who held a Diet or Parliament here in 777. In 799. Pope Leo III. took refuge in this City In 999. it happened to be burnt In 1002. the Empress Cunegonda was crowned at it Of old an Imperial and Free City but since exempt and in the Hands of its own Bishop ever since 1604. It is seated near the Rise of the River Lippe twelve Miles from Munster to the North-East and ten from Cassel to the South-West about two Miles from it lies the Castle of Newhaus built by Theodore Furstemberg Bishop of this Seâ— in the year 1590 for the Residence of the Bishop Long. 30. 30. Lat. 51. 45. § The Bishoprick of Paderborn is a Tract in the Circle of Westphalia bounded on the North by the County of Lippâ— on the East by Munster on the South by Hassia and on the West by the Dukedom of Westphalia It is from North to South forty Miles The principal Places in it are Paderborn Brackel and Warburgh Ferdinand Furstemberg Bishop of this Diocese has written a History of it Padoua Patavium a Ciâ—y of Italy in the States of Venice upon the Rivers Brenta and Bachiglione twenty four Miles from Venice to the West eighteen from Vicenza and forty eight from Ferrara to the North. All the ancient Writers agree this City was built by Antenor a Trojan particularly Virgil speaking of Antenor says Hic tamen ille urbem Patavi sedesque locavit soon after the Ruin of Troy They pretend to shew his Tomb here upon which there is an Inscription in Gothick Letters that cannot be equally old In this City was brought into the World Livy the great Roman Historian About the year of Christ 452 it was ruined by Attila King of the Huns rebuilt by the Inhabitants of Ravenna About an hundred years after the Lombards destroyed it and Charles the Great refounded it In 1140. it came into the Possession of the Carrarii In 1221 Frederick II. Emperor opened the University here In 1403. John Galeatius Duke of Milan put an end to this Family and three years after the Venetians took it from him In 1509 it was taken from them by Maximilian I. Emperor of Germany but being soon after recovered has ever since continued under that State It is great and strong but not very populous and a Bishop's See under the Archbishop of Aquileja Long. 33. 58. Lat. 44. 54. The Country it stands in is so fruitful as to give occasion to this Italian Proverb to prefer Padua before either Venice or Bologna Bologna la grassa Venetia la guasta ma Padoa la passa It is made a strong place by its Castles Towers Walls and Ditches The Palaces and publick Buildings are noble the Vniversity is particularly famous for the Faculty of Physick It is the Capital of the Territory called the Padouan which comprehends Este Arqua Poluerara Castelbaldo Montagnana Mirano c. There are two Academies of the Ingenious established in it under the Titles of gli Recoverati and gli inflammati It shews the ruines of a Roman Amphitheatre And in the year 1350. a Synod was assembled in this City Padstow a Market Town in the County of Cornwall in the Hundred of Pider with a Haven to the North Sea Pagâ—ts â—romley a Market Town in Staffordshire in the Hundred of Pirehill upon the River Blithe Paglion â—auâ—on a small River which washeth the City of Nice in Piedmouâ— then falls into the Mediterranean Sea alamos a Sea-Port Town in Catalonia The Palatinate of Bavaria See Bavaria The Palatinate of the Rhine Palatinatus Rheni Palatinatus Inferior
Slaughter made of the Inhabitants It continued after this under the Dukes of Milan till together with Milan it fell into the Hands of Lewis XII King of France in 1499. Pope Julius in 1512 got the Possession of it In 1545. Pope Paul III. Created Lewis his Natural Son Duke of this City who was slain for his Cruelty and wickedness by some Gentlemen hereof and the place put into the Hands of Charles V. in 1547. Philip II. his Son ten years after this granted it to the Duke of Parma whose Posterity of the House of Farnese enjoy it now This was the Country of Pope Gregory X. Pope Vrban II in 1094 or 95. celebrated a Council here in which the divorced Empress Wife to Henry III. presented her Complaints There have been other small Councils held here The Territory il Piacentino or il ducato di Ptacenza has some considerable Towns and Springs in it with Mines of Iron and Brass La Piave Anassus Plavis a River of the Marquisate di Treviso in Italy which springs out of the Carnick Alpes in the Borders of Germany and Carinthia near the Fountains of the Drave And flowing Southward through this Marquisate to water the Cities of Cadorino Belluno and Feltria it takes in the Bceto Calore and the Cordevolio then falls into the Adriatick Sea thirteen Miles from Venice to the East Picardie Picardia a Province on the North of France towards the Low Countries between Champagne to the East Hainault and Artois to the North the British Sea and Normandy to the West and the Isle of France to the South Heretofore much greater than now part of it being now taken into the Isle of France to wit le Beauvoisis le Noyonois le Laonois and le Valois there remaining to it le Boulenois le Ponthieu le Sansterre le Vermandois la Tierache and l' Amienois But it has also had some additions made to it by the Conquests in Artois The Capital of this Province is Amiens The other good Towns are Abbeville Boulogne Calais Doulens S. Quintin la Fere Guise Ham Monstrevil Perone and Roye The Rivers watering it are the Somme the Oyse the Authie the Canche c. Piceni and Picentini two distinct Tribes or Regions of the ancient People of Italy The one contained now in the modern Marcha Anconitana in the Dominions of the Church the other the latter in a part of the Hither Principate in the Kingdom of Naples Both subjected under the Romans about the year of Rome 480. Pichtland Fyrth Fretum Picticum the Streight between the North of Scotland and the Isles of Orkney Picighitome Piceleo a strong Town in the Milanese in Italy upon the River Adda betwixt Cremona and Lodi where Francis I. King of France remained a Prisoner after his being taken by the Army of the Emperor Charles V. at the Battel of Pavia It s Cittadel was heretofore built by one of the Dukes of Milan Pickering a Market Town in the North Riding of Yorkshire The Capital of its Hundred upon a small River falling into the Derwent Not far from the Sea Pico or Pica one of the Islands of the Atlantick Ocean which is one of the Azores extending twelve Miles from East to West under the Portuguese Picolmaio a River of Paragua in South America which ariseth in Peru near the City of La Plata and falls into the River of the same name after a long Course and the addition of many smaller Rivers The Picts Picti It is not very certainly concluded whether this ancient Nation of Barbarians first came into the Isles of Orkney then Scotland out of Scythia or out of Denmark But having by force established themselves in the Counties of Fife and Lothaine they grew in the descent of time by enter-marriages and contracts with the Scots to make one People with them And it is supposed their name comes from their custom of painting their Bodies See Phictiaid The Picts Wall Vallum Hadriani Murus Picticus was the most ancient Boundary between England and Scotland begun by Hadrian the Emperour to separate the Picts or Barbarous Northern Nations from the Civilized Roman-Britains in 123. It reached from Eden in Cumberland to Tine in Northumberland first made only of Turf supported by Stakes and strengthened by Pallisadoes Severus the Emperor repaired it and made it much stronger in 207. Before these times there had been one made in the narrowest part of Scotland first by Agricola and after by Lollius Vrbicus under Antonius Pius but these Countries being not thought worth the keeping Severus fixed the Bounds finally where Hadrian had at first seâ—led them and erected this Wall of solid Stone with Towers at the distance of a Mile from each other from the Irish to the German Sea eighty Miles in length This Wall was repaired by Carausius under Dioclesian the Emperor about 286. Having been ruined by the Picts in several places about 388 it was again repaired by the Britains after the defeat of the Picts by the assistance of the Romans about 404. In 406. it was beaten down by the Picts Aetius a Roman General rebuilt it the last time of Brick about 430. So left the British to defend it The Scots ruined it again the next year after which it was never more regarded but only as a Boundary between the two Nations by Consent It ran on the North side of the Tine and the Irthing two considerable Rivers The Tract appears at this day in many places in Cumberland and Northumberland so many hundred years not having been able to deface intirely that great Roman Work Pidanemo Apidanus a River of Thessalia it ariseth from Mount Gomphos and watering Pharsalus and taking in the Enipeus the Melax and the Phoenix falls into the Peneus above Larissa with a very swist Current Piedmont Piedmontium Pedemontium is a Province of Italy towards France and Switzerland called by the French Piedmont by the Spaniards Piamonte by the Germans Das Pemund by the English Piedmont which signifies the foot of the Hills It has the honour to be stiled a Principality under the Duke of Savoy having been of old called Gallia Subalpina Great well watered fruitful and populous extended between the Dukedoms of Milan and Montferrat to the East the States of Genoua and the County of Nizza to the South the Dauphine and Savoy to the West the Dukedom of Auostor Osta and a small part of Milan to the North. It contains the Marquisate of Saluzzo the County d' Asti the Territories of Verellese Biellese Albesano and Piedmont properly so called together with a part of the Dukedom of Montferrat The Capital of this Province is Turin Torino the other Cities are Asti Biela Jurea Fossano Mondovi Pignerol under the French Saluzzo Susa lately taken by the French and Verelli Under the Lombards this was called the Dukedom of Turin The History of it belongs properly to Savoy of which this is but a Province The Taurini Salassii Segusiani c. were the ancient Inhabitants thereof
Brandenburgh are Camin Colburgh and Stratgard Klein Pommeren Pomerania Parva the Little Pomerania or the Palatinate of Pomerania is that part of Pomerania which long since was given to the Crown of Poland called by the Poles Woiewodztwo Pomorskie and for the most part included in Prussia Bounded on the West by that part of Pomerania which is under the Duke of Brandenburgh on the North by the Baltick Sea the River Vistula to the East by which it is separated from the rest of Prussia and the greater Poland to the South The principal City in it is Dantzick Pommerelle or the Dukedom of Pommeren is a part of the Eastern Pomerania which is under the Duke of Brandenburgh Bounded on the East by Cassubia and the Marquisate of Brandenburgh by the Baltick Sea on the North the Oder on the West and the Dukedom of Stetin on the South The Great Towns in it are Stargart Camin and Treptow Pompeiopolis an ancient City of Cilicia in Asia Minor to which Pompey the Great imparted his name as Trajan afterward also did that of Trasanopolis It has been honoured since Christianity with a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Seleucia But now become a miserable Town called according to some Palesali § There was a second in Paphlagonia which received Pompey's name after his defeat of Mithridates King of Pontus having before been called Eupatoria This latter became an Archbishops See under the Patriarch of Constantinople Now wholly ruined Pons a Town of France in the Province of Saintonge upon the River Seugne which falls in the Charante below Sainctes It gives its name to a Neighbouring Forest and likewise to an honourable Family of France In Latin apud Pontes Pont à Mouson Mussipontum Mussipons a Town in Lorain in the Dukedom of Bar upon the Moselle five Leagues from Nancy to the North six from S. Michael and five from Toul it has been well fortified but at present dismantled and made an University in which there is a Scotch College of the foundation of Pope Gregory XIII It gives the Title of a Marquess hath two Abbeys and divers Churches Pont de l' Arche Pons Arcus Pons Arcuensis a City in Normandy in the Bishoprick of Roan which has a strong Castle and a Stone Bridge upon the Seine which here receives the Eure and the Andele built by Charles the Bald. It stands three Leagues above Roan to the South and was the first Town that surrendred it self to Henry IV. after his advancement to the Crown of France Pont Andemer or Ponteau-de-Mer Pons Audomari a small City in Normandy upon the River Rille two Leagues from its Mouth and ten from Roan to the West surprised by the Leaguers in 1592. but soon after returned to the King In 1279 a Council was assembled here Pont Beauvoisin Pons Bellovicinus a Town in Dauphine upon the River Guyer here covered with a Bridge which gives it this name and separates the Province of Dauphine from Savoy Pont de Ce Pontes Caesaris a Town in the Dukedom of Anjou upon the Loyre over which it has a very long Bridge and had once a very strong Castle One League from Angiers to the South At this Town the Troops of Lewis XIII under Mareschal de Crequi defeated those of the Queen Mother Maria de Medicis in 1620. Pont du Gard Pons Vardonis or Gardonis three Bridges built one over the other over the River Gardon for the continuing an Aquaduct to Nismes The lowest having six Arches the second twelve and the highest thirty four a thing of great Antiquity It stands in the middle between Avignon to the East and Nismes to the West four Leagues from the latter The Learned Dr. Brown in his Travels gives the Figure of this wonderful Work and assures us that the top of it is one hundred and eighty six Foot above the Water of the River Pont Eau de Mer a Town in Normandy the same with Pont Audemer Pont l' Eveque Pons Episcopi a Town in Normandy near Caen upon the River Leson three Leagues from Lisieux and two from the Sea It is noted for good Cheese Pont-Oise Pontesium Pontisara Aesiae pons and Pons ad Oesiam a Town in the Isle of France which has a Stone-Bridge over the River Oise and an English Nunnery six Leagues from Paris to the North-West towards Roan Taken by the English in the Year 1417 and recovered by the French in the Year 1442 after a Siege of six weeks It was also taken and retaken in 1589. successively by King Henry III. and the Duke of Mayenne In 1561. in the beginning of the Reign of Charles IX the Estates of the Kingdom were assembled here It hath a Castle with divers Churches and Monasteries giving the title of a Viscount Situated in the Territory of Vexin Francois at the Confluence of the Oyse and Seine Pont Orson Pons Vrsonis a Town in the Confines of Normandy and Bretagne in France upon the River Couesnon which a little lower falls into the British Sea between Auranches to the East and Dole to the West two Leagues from Mount S. Michael Pont S. Esprit Pons Sancti Spiritus a City of France in the Lower Languedoc which has a Castle and a Stone Bridge over the River Rhosne of an extraordinary structure Three Leagues from Viviers to the South and seven from Avignon to the North. Pont S. Maixance Pons Sanctae Maxentiae a Town in the Government of the Isle of France in the Duchy of Valois upon the Oyse here covered with a Bridge three Leagues from Senlis Pont-Pool a Market Town in Monmouthshire betwixt the Hills of chief note for Iron Mills Pontefract or Pomfret a pleasant neat Borough and Market Town in the West Riding of Yorkshire and the Hundred of Osgodcross situated upon a stream a little below the confluence of the Warfe and the Are. Formerly ennobled with a Castle Royal mounted on an ascent with Ditches and Bulwarks which was in the long Rebellion demolished K. Richard II. after his resignation of the Crown was murdered in that Castle The Borough returns two Parliament Men. Pontieu or Ponthieu Ponticum Pontinia a County in Picardy which lies towards the Mouth of the Somme between the Chanche and the County of Bologne to the North and the Somme to the South The chief Towns in it are Abbeville Monstrevil Rue Pont S. Remi and Cleri This County was confirmed to the Crown of England by Eleanor of Castile Countess of Ponthieu Daughter to Ferdinand III. King of Castile her Marrying to Edward I. King of England Being afterwards enjoyed by K. Edward II. and III. and never finally re-united to the Crown of France till the Reign of Charles VII when the English quite lost their Dominions in that Kingdom Pontion or Pont-Yon Pontigo an ancient Royal House belonging to the Kings of France in the Territory of Parthois in Champaigne two Leagues from Vitri le Brûlé where Charles the Bald assembled a Council in 876. Some have mistaken it for
entered upon the See by the Regal Authority against the Consent of the Metropolitan and the Bishops of the Province which Decree drew upon the Authors of it a fevere Prâ—secution from the Crown Saintonge or Xaintonge Santonia a great and fruitful Province of France bounded on the North by Poictou on the East by Angoumois on the South by the Garonne which separates it from Guienne and on the West by the Bay of Aquitain This was the Seat of the Santones an ancient Nation of the Galls its Capital is Saintes the other Cities of Note are Brouges S. Jean de Angely and Taillebourg The Rivers Garonne Charante Seudre c. water it They make great quantities of Salt in this Province The Romans had their Colonies in it who often deride the short Cloaks or Gowns worn by the ancient Gauls here as Martial Gallia Santonico vestit te Bardocucullo Cercopithecorum penula nuper erat The same habit towards the Sea Coasts is in use with the common People to this day This Province fell to the Crown of England together with Gascoigne Guienne c. by the Marriage of Eleanor of Guienne with K. Henry II. of England Sala the same with Saal Salado Salsum a River of Spain in Anddlusia called Guadajox which between Sivil and Corduba falls into the Guadalquivir Salamanca Salmantica a City in Spain called Vrbs Vettonum by Ptolemy and perhaps the same with Polybius his Elmantica it stands in the Kingdom of Leon upon the River Tormes a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Compostella and an University founded by Alfonsus IX King of Leon in the year 1200 which is one of the most considerable in that Kingdom adorned with noble Schools and a large Library About ten Leagues from Zamora to the South fourteen from the Borders of Portugal to the East and two and twenty from Valladolid to the South-West upon several Hills in a very unequal Situation of a small circuit ill built worse repaired most of the Houses being falling down and besides its Churches Monasteries and Colleges has nothing that deserves Regard Long. 14. 45. Lat. 41. 15. Salamis Salamine an ancient Archiepiscopal City in the Island of Cyprus which boasted of the honour of having its Church founded by the Apostle S. Barnabas whose Body was discovered to lye here in 485. It afterwards took the name of il Porto Costanzo or Constantia The Philosopher Anaxarchus suffered in this City the pounding to death in a mortar by the order of Nicocreon King of Cyprus with a singular constancy It is now utterly ruined Salamis an Island See Coluri Saâ—andra Salandrilla or Aâ—alandra a River in the Basilicate in the Kingdom of Naples passing by Risetto and thence called also Piume di Rosetto to the gulph of Taranto Salawar Zalawar or Zalad a County in the Lower Hungary upon the Borders of Stiria with the Drave to the South and the County of Vesprin to the North. Kanisa stands in this County upon the River Sala But the Capital Town of it bears the same name of Salawar Sale Sala a City ascribed in ancient time by Ptolemy to Mauritania Tingitana seated at the Mouth of a River of the same Name on the Shoars of the Kingdom of Fez on the Atlantick Ocean A place of great Trade and has a noble Habor but it is an infamous Nest of Piratâ— It was heretofore a Common-Wealth now under the King of Fez who is Master of the Castle It stands one hundred Miles from Fez to the West and Tangier to the South Almanesor one of the Moorish Kings much beautified it and was after buried in it The Spaniards took it in 1287 who lost it in ten days again in 1632. King Charles I. sent a Fleet against this City which blocked it up by Sea whilst the King of Morocco besieged it by Land and by this means brought it under the Works being levelled and those Rogues Executed for which King Charles had three hundred Christian Captives sent him as a Recompence a Reward worthy of that Holy King Long. 6. 40. Lat. 33. 50. Sale the same with Saal Sale Sala a River in Quercy a Province of France Sale Sala a Province of the Kingdom of Bosnia Salefica Saleucia a City in Cilicia in the Lesser Asia which is a Bishops See under the Patriarch of Antioch It stands seventy Miles from Tarsus to the West and twelve from the Shoars of the Mediterranean Sea to the North called by Niger Seleschia Long. 64. Lat. 38. 40. Salentini the ancient Inhabitants of Terra di Otranto in the Kingdom of Naples in the Roman times Salerno Salernum Salerna a City in the Kingdom of Naples which was a Roman City and Colony called by Strabo and Livy Vrbs Picentinorum Now an Archbishops See a Principality and the Capital of the Hither Principato It stands upon the River Busanola upon the Shoars of the Tyrrhenian Sea upon which it has a Bay called by its own Name and a safe and large Haven twenty four Miles from Naples to the South-East and thirty from Benevento to the South Long. 38. 44. Lat. 40. 33. This Archbishoprick was founded by Pope Boniface VII in 974. The Body of S. Matthew the Apostle is said to be in this Place Pope Gregory VII died here in 1085. It has a Castle and many Antiquities which are the Remainders of the Roman Works When Naples had distinct Kings the Title of this place belonged to the eldest Son of that Kingdom In the years 1615. and 1579. there were two small Councils held at it Salettes a Carthusian Nunnery of great note and quality upon the frontiers of Dauphine in France toward la Bresse Salfeâ—â—d an Abbey in Thuringia in Germany Salii an ancient People of Provence in France who as we find in Strabo Mela c. extended themselves from about Aix as far as to Nice § There was another Nation of the Salii in the Tract now called Sallant from them in Overyssel in the Low Countries Saline Didyme one of the Liparee Islands belonging to Sicily twelve Miles in circuit and fruitful in Allum Near this place the Dutch received a great Defeat from the French at Sea in 1676. Baudrand The Italians call it Didimo Salino Suinus a River in the Kingdom of Naples which springeth out of the Apâ—â—hine and â—inning through the Further Abruzzo watering Pennâ— a City of that Province and Pescara falls into the Gulph of Venice Salingstede Salinâ—stadium a Town in Franconia upon the Maine four Miles above Franck fort to the East By Charles the Great made a Bishap's See but in 780 this Chair was removed to Hailbâ—une It was then a very great City since become subject to the Bishop of Mentz Salins Salinae a strong City in the Franche Comté upon the River Forica eight Loagues from Dole to the East and fifty eight from Geneva to the North. It is seated in a fruitful Valley betwixt two Mountains called Scoding which has been the reason why this City in the Latin
Charles Emanuel his Father in the year 1675 being then a Child of nine years of Age the thirtieth in this Line and of the Roman Catholick Religion his usual Residence is at Turin in Piedmont where he declared War against France Jun. 4. 1690 in Conjunction with the Confederate Princes But has since lost a considerable part of his Dominions Sauve or Saulve Salvia a Town and Viguerye or Provostship in Languedoc in the Diocese of Nismes upon the River Vidourle adorned with an Abbey of the Benedictines since the year 1020. Saw the Save Sax-mundesham a Market Town in the County of Suffolk in the Hundred of Plumesgate upon a small River not far from the Sea Saxony Saxonia by the Germans called Sachsen in the several Ages that are past since the Roman Empire has had very different Bounds but the Brevity of this Work will admit only of its present State To take it in its largest Acceptation it contains two of the Circles of the German Empire called the Vpper and the Lower Circles of Saxony the Lower Saxony contains the Dukedoms of Brunswick Luneburg Magdeburg Breme Mecklenburg Holsatia and Lauenburg the Principalities of Ferden and Halberstad and the Bishoprick of Hildesheim which Countries lie between Westphalia to the West the Vpper Saxony to the East and South and Jutland and the Baltick Sea to the North all described in their proper Places The Vpper Circle of Saxony contains the Marquisate of Brandenburg Pomerania Thuringia Misnia the Dukedom of Saxony properly so called the Principality of Anhault Bounded on the East by Lusatia and Poland on the North by the Baltick Sea on the West by the Lower Saxony and on the South by Franconia and Bohemia The Electorate of Saxony is a Province of Germany in the Vpper Circle of Saxony bounded on the East by Lusatia on the North by the Marquisate of Brandenburg and the Principality of Anhault on the West by the Dukedoms of Brunswick and Hassia and on the South by Franconia and Bohemia The principal Town of it is Witteburg This Electoral Prince has the sixth Place amongst the Electors and his Residence at Dresden In the year 1652. John George I. Elector of Saxony divided this Duchy between his four Sons The Ancient Inhabitants were the Lombards As these and the Franks went South upon their Conquests made in the Roman Empire so the Saxons followed them and took Possession of their Ancient Seats as far as the Rhine They were with great difficulty Conquered by Charles the Great about the year 785. after thirty years of War with them Wittikindus their last King being made by Charles the Great the first Duke of Saxony upon his embracing the Christian Faith From him are descended all the Kings of France since Hugh Capet the Kings of Denmark of the House of Oldenburg the Dukes of Burgundy and Savoy the Marquesses of Montisferat and many other Noble and Illustrious Families of lesser Note so that this Person seems to have inherited Abraham's Blessing as to this This Dukedom is still in the same Family tho there was an Interruption of two hundred years beginning in the year 1180. and ending in the year 1423. To this Illustrious House Germany in a great degree owes the Reformation which begun by Luther here but for John Frederick the thirtieth Duke had been stifled in its Rise John George III. the present Elector is the thirty seventh Duke from Wittikindus and the twelfth since the Restitution of the Line The Richest as well as the most Ancient of the Princes in the Electoral College next the Emperor He also is by Birth-Right Great-Marshal or Gentleman of the Horse in the Empire and by Religion of the Augustane Confession The principal Branches of the House of Saxony are those of Saxe-Hall Saxe-Mersbourg Saxe-Naumburg Saxe-Weymar Saxe-Eysenach and Saxe-Gotha The Saxon-Heptarchy The ancient Brittains under Vortiger in their Wars with the Picts and Scots calling unto their assistance after the Roman Forces were totally withdrawn the Saxons and Angles out of Germany about the year 428 or as others 449 These Saxons under Hengist their General not only completed the Work they came for by chasing away the Northern Invaders but made themselves in time Masters of the Country of the Britains too suppressing the names of the Provinces and People that had been before assigned by the Romans and dividing their own Conquests into the seven Kingdoms of Kent the South Saxons West Saxons East Saxons East Angles Mercia and Northumberland The first of which Kent was set up by Hengist in 455. containing the County of Kent That of the South Saxons contained Sussex and Surrey and began in the Person of Aella who arrived in Britain a little before the death of Hengist in 488. The Kingdom of the West Saxons took in Cornwal Devonshire Somersetshire Dorsetshire Wiltshire Berkshire and Hampshire commencing about the year 519. in the Person of K. Cerdicus The Kingdom of the East Saxons advanced next about the year 527. under K Erchenweme taking in Middlesex Essex and part of Hartfordshire Towards 547 Ida Governour of Northumberland under the King of Kent set up for himself and extended his Kingdom over Yorkshire Lancashire Durham Westmorland Cumberland and Northumberland with the Southern parts of Scotland as far as to Edinburgh About 575. Vffa King of the East-Angles established a Kingdom in Norfolk Suffolk and Cambridgshire And lastly towards 580. began the great and inland Kingdom of Mercia under K. Cridda whose extent is already expressed under the word Mercia This Heptarchy by the successes of Egbert the 18th King of the West Saxons who had followed abroad the Wars of Charles the Great and began his Reign about the year 801. united in one Monarchy under him by the year 819. Whereupon the name of Heptarchy was suppressed and K. Egbert by a special Edict with the concurrence of the states of the whole Realm convened at Winchester in 819 ordained that the Kingdom and Country should be called Anglelond or Englelond whence England by reason himself was descended from the Angles So Egbert was the first King of England Scafato the lower part of the River Sarno in Italy Scagen Scagense Promontorium the most Northern Cape of Jutland in fifty eight degrees of Latitude over against Gottenburg in Sweden ten Danish Miles from Alberg to the North-East and from Gottenburg to the West There is a Village near this Cape called Skune Scala Scalis a City in the Kingdom of Naples in the Hither Principato which is a Bishop's See under the Archbishop of Amalfi but this Bishoprick is united for ever to that of Ravello from which it stands one Mile and two from Amalfi it is very small and has not above one hundred and fifty Houses standing on an Hill at the Foot of Mount Cama and heretofore from that called Cama Scala Marmorea Amycli Daphne a Port of Bithynia in the Lesser Asia upon the Thracian Bosphorus or Streights of Constantinople beyond Chalcedon
Territory of Padoua in Italy Sclavonia the Southern Province of the Lower Hungary called by the Italians Schiavonia by the Germans die Sclavinien by the Poles Slovienska Ziemia The middle Ages under this Name comprehended Illyricum Dalmatia Croatia Bosnia and this which is now called Sclavonia On the North it has the Drave a great River which parts it from the Lower Hungary on the East the Danube on the South the Save which divides it from Croatia Bosnia and Servia and on the West Carniola and Stiria The length of it from the Town of Kopranitz in the West to the fall of the Drave into the Danube in the East is fifty German Miles its breadth from the Drave to the Save twelve This Country was first possessed by the Pannonians after that by the Goths about 386 who were Conquered by the Sclaves about 550. About 1200. these People became Tributaries to the Kings of Hungary About 1544. this Country was first subdued by Solyman the Magnificent In 1687. after the Battel of Mohats the Turkish Army mutining against the Prime Vizier all this Country except Gradisca submitted to the Emperor the Turks deserting it without any blows The German̄s upon their return were very well pleased with the Fertility of it The Chief Towns in it are Gradisca Esseck and Possega which is the Capital City The Inhabitants are great lovers of War and pray for nothing more earnestly than that they may die with their Arms in their Hands Scodra a City of Illyricum attributed by Livy and Ptolemy to Dalmatia and in those times the Seat of the Kings of Illyricum Now the Capital City of Albania and a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Antivari great and populous it stands upon the River Boiana Barbana twenty four Miles from the Adriatick Sea and eighty from Ragusa to the North East Twice besieged by the Turks under Mahomet II. without success and in 1478. resigned to them for a Peace by the Venetians The Inhabitants call it Scadar the Turks Iscodar and the Italians Scutari The Lake Labeatis out of which the Boiana Springs takes the name now of the Lake of Sclitari Long. 44. 20. Lat. 42. 24. Scone Scona a celebrated Abbey in the County of Perth upon the Tay three Miles from S. Johnston to the North West in which the Kings of Scotland for many Ages were Crowned Scopia Scapi a City of the Vpper Moesia and the Capital of Dardania in the Borders of Macedonia in the times of Ptolemy now called Scopia by the Italians and Vschub by the Turks It is a great populous City in Servia an Archbishop's See and the Seat of the Sangiack of Servia feated in a fruitful Plain upon the River Vardar over which it has a Stone Bridge of twelve Arches one hundred Miles from Thessalonica to the North-West ten from Sophia to the West and about the same distance from Giustandil to the South The River upon which it stands falls into the Bay of Thessalonica Scotland Scotia is the second Kingdom in Great Britain called by the French l' Escosse by the Italians Scotia by the Germans Schottlandt On the East it is bounded by the German Ocean on the North by the Deucalidonian Sea and the Isles of Orkney on the West by the Vergivian Ocean and the Irish Sea on the South by the River Tweed the Cheviot Hills and the adjacent Tract to Solway Sands whereby it is separated from England Solway Fyrth lies in deg 56. of Latitude and the most Northern point lies in 60 30. by which it should be three hundred and fifteen English Miles in length Polydore Virgil reckons four hundred and eighty its breadth is no where above sixty and its form Triangular with many great Inlets and Arms of the Ocean which indent both the Eastern and Western sides of it The Soil especially towards the North is generally barren affords little Timber and no Fruit Trees The Southern parts are more fruitful the Air in both sharp and cold It is divided into two parts the Southern and the Northern by Dunbritain and Edenburgh Fyrth The South part called the Low-Lands is fuller of Cities and great Towns the People are more rich and better civilized as not only Inhabiting a better Country but driving a Trade at Sea The Northern or High-Lands are more barren and poor the Inhabitants accordingly patient of want and hunger and very temperate in their Diet without which Virtues they could not subsist South Scotland is divided into twenty one North Scotland into thirteen Counties For the Ecclesiastical Government they have two Archbishops S. Andrews who has eight and Glascow who has three Suffragan Bishops under him In the times of the Romans this Country was called Caledonia and Albania the People Picts from their custom of Painting their Bodies The Romans never extended their Conquests beyond the South of Scotland because they thought the Northern and barrener parts not worth their pains The remaining Inhabitants after the withdrawing of the Roman Garrisons from the Northern parts of Britain became very troublesome to the Britains and forced them to call in the Saxons about 449 who Conquered the South parts of Scotland and possess it to this day The Scots or Irish about the same time entered the Western parts of Scotland and by degrees united first with the Picts or Highlanders by their assistance Conquered the Saxons and gained the Sovereignty of that whole Kingdom But there being no Letters here the Story of these times is very dark which has occasioned great Controversies concerning the time of the Scots coming out of Ireland About 839 the Picts were intirely subdued by Kenneth II. first sole King of all Scotland This Line continued under twenty three Princes to 1285. When Alexander III. dying without Issue there began a tedious and bloody contest about the Succession which was referred to Edward I. of England who adjudged the Crown to John Baliol an Englishman He Rebelling against his Benefactor was defeated by that Prince who following his blow made himself Master of Scotland and kept it to his death In 1307. Robert Bruce the other Competitor overthrew the English established himself King of Scotland and Reigned till 1332 when the Kingdom divided again between Edward Baltol and David Bruce which latter prevailed at first against his Competitor but fell under the power of the English where he was many years a Prisoner In 1371. Rob. II. Surnamed Steward descended from the eldest Daughter of David Bruce succeeded In 1602. James VI. the ninth in this Line succeeded after Queen Elizabeth to the Crown of England as Descended both by Father and Mother from Margaret the eldest Daughter of Henry VII King of England the whole Line of Henry VIII being extinguished The Christian Religion was Planted here by different Persons and at several times The Saxon Scots were Converted by Aidan the first Bishop of Lindisferne about 635. The South-Eastern by Nimas Bishop of Candida Casa or White Herne about 555. The Highlanders or
Northern Picts by Palladius a Deacon of Rome about 435. The Bishops of Scotland were always subject to the Archbishop of York till 1478 when on the pretence of the frequent Wars between them and England their two Archbishops Sees were erected and they became a separate Church from that of England Scotusa Scotussa a small City in Thessalia which is a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Larissa near to which it stands Scutari or Scutaret Chrysopolis Dianae fanum a Town upon the Propontis in the Lesser Asia over against Constantinople believed by some to be sprung out of the ruins of the ancient Chalcedon Scylla See Scillo Scythia The vast Region anciently understood by this name was divided into Scythia Europaea and Asiatica 1. Scythia Europaea was the Country of the Nomades Basilidae c. lying along the Borysthenes towards the Euxine Sea and the Palus Maeotis making on that side a part of Sarmatia Europaea and now contained properly in the Lesser Tartary But besides this betwixt Moecia Dacia Thrace and the Danube there lay Scythia Europaea Pontica where we have now the East quarters of Bulgaria and the Territories of Dobrzin and Bessarabia Of which the Scythians possessed themselves in the fifth Century 2. Scythia Asiatica was subdivided into Citerior and Vlterior the Hither and Further Seythia by the Mountain Imaus And distributed accordingly betwixt the Sarmatae and Persae to the West India to the South the Tartarian Ocean and the Hyperborei to the North. The antient Alani Sacae and Jaxartae were some of its Native Barbarians This Scythia now lies comprehended in the Desart and great Tartary The Manners of the old Scythians and modern Tartars being much-what the same Scythopolis the ancient Roman name of Bethshan in Palestine upon the Lake of Genezareth which Pliny and Ptolemy misplace in Coelesyria See Bethshan Scrikfinner Scritophinis a People in Scandinavia between Norway to the North and Lapland to the East These People are said to Cloath themselves with the Skins of Beasts like the Samoiedes as is usual with all these Hyperborean Nations Sdille See Delos Sdrin Sdringa Stridonium a City of Dalmatia the Birth place of S. Jerome the most Learned of the Latin Fathers ruined by the Goths but afterwards rebuilt and in some degree Peopled Others place it upon the Confluence of the Mure and the Danube fifteen Miles beneath Rakelspurg in Stiria Seafull a high Hill in the middle of the Island of Man in the Irish Sea which affords the Beholder a Prospect of three Kingdoms at once England to the East Scotland to the North and Ireland to the West Sebaste Sebastia Sebastopolis See Samaria Suvas Saustia and Savatapoli Sebenico Sebenicum Sicum a small City very well fortified in Dalmatia upon the Shoars of the Adriatick Sea and a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Spalato under the Venetians ever since 1412. having before been a Maritim City of Croatia It has a Castle and Fort built upon a Rock which are Places of great strength and have four times humbled the Ottoman Forces and preserved this important Place under that State It lies at the Mouth of the River Kerka or Kirka thirty eight Miles from Zara to the East and three hundred from Venice Made a Bishops See by Pope Boniface VIII The ruins of the ancient Sicum of Ptolemy appear at some distance from this City Sebourg a Castle and Seigniory in the Province of Hainault in the Low Countries three Leagues from Valenoiennes and near Bavay It has the honour of the Title of a Viscounty Secchia Gabellus a River of Italy which springeth from the Apennine in the Borders of Carfagnana between Tuscany and the Apennine running Northward and dividing the Dutchy of Modena from that of Reggio in some Places it watereth Sassuola leaving Modena to the East and Cappi to the West it falls into the Po at S. Benedicts Abbey in the Duchy of Mantoua five Italian Miles from Mirandola to the North West Sechy a Market Town in the County of Norfolk in the Hundred of Frebridge Seckaw Secovia Secovium a small Castle in Stiria which is a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Saltzburgh erected in 1219 by Pope Honorius III. and Eberbard Archbishop of Saltzburgh It stands upon the River Gayl a little above its fall into the Mure not above four German Miles from the Borders of Austria to the South and twenty from Saltzburgh to the East The Archbishop has the Election and Consecration of this Bishop gives him his Investiture takes an Oath of Fealty from him and he has no Place nor Voice in the Diet of Germany Sedan Sedanum a City in Champagne in France upon the Maes with a very strong Castle Anciently in the Propriety of the Bishop of Reims by whom it was exchanged with the Crown for Cormicy Afterwards it had particular Lords of the Families of Braquemont and Marcan and in the Family of Turene was made a Principality In 1642. this little Principality was forced to submit to the Crown of France It stands sixteen Leagues above Namur to the South and from Verdun to the North in the Frontiers of Champagne and Luxemburgh See Seva Segia a small River in Normandy six Miles from Auranches to the West Seelandt Selandia Codadonia a great Island in the Baltick belonging to the Crown of Denmark separated from Scania to the North by the Sound on the South it has the Baltick Sea It is sixteen German Miles in length twelve in breadth a very fruitful and pleasant spot of ground The Capital of it is Coppenhagen the Royal City of Denmark The rest are Helsinore Cronenburgh and Fridericksburgh and besides these it has three hundred and Forty Parishes Séez Sagiensis Vrbs Sagium Sajorum Civitas Vrbs Seluniorum a City in Normandy in France which is a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Roan It stands near the Fountains of the River Orne thirty six Leagues from Paris to the West eleven from Lisieux to the South and five from Alenzon to the East Seged or Segedin Segedunum a City of the Upper Hungary seated upon the Tibiscus where it receives the Merish a great River out of Transylvania in the County of Bodroch twenty six German Miles from Buda to the South-East and fifteen from Colocza Taken by the Turks in 1552. The Imperialists plundred it in 1685 and took it from the Turks without resistance after they were possessed of Buda Segeswar Segethusa Sandava Singidava Segesuaria a City of Transylvania called by the Germans Schezpurg it is seated partly on the side of an Hill partly in a Valley upon the River Cochel which after falls into the Merish ten German Miles from Hermanstadt or Zeben to the North and fourteen from Kronstadt or Brassaw to the West near the foot of the Carpathian Hills Under the Prince of Transylvania Segewoldt Segevoldia a City in Livonia upon the River Teyder five Swedish Miles from the Bay of Riga to the East and seven from Riga to the South-East Segna Senia
and with it into the Ocean Seyde Sidon by the Germans called Said is a City of Phoenicia in Syria upon the Shores of the Mediterranean North of Tyre about a League distant from the remains of the ancient Sidon Sister to Tyre in the Scripture for its Sins and the Punishments of them A populous City full of Merchants and Artisans of all Nations driving a great Trade in Cotton and Silk The Franciscans Capuchins and Jesuits have each their Chappels the Turks seven or eight Mosques and the Jews one Synagogue here The Maronites of Mount Libanus and the Armenian Greeks enjoy the like Liberties Without the City appear many Gardens of Oranges Citrons Tamarines Palm-trees and the Fig-trees of Adam so called because bearing a Leaf of the length of six foot and the breadth of two Adam it is supposed covered his nakedness with them It hath two small Fortresses but so far ruined as to remain indefensible The Turks keep a a Sangiack here under the Bassaw of Damascus a Cady or Judge and an Aga of the Janizaries The French a Consul All which Officers are handsomely lodged the rest of the Houses are ill built The Harbor formerly was capable of receiving many and great Vessels but is now choaked with Sand to that degree as to admit only of Skiffs whilst Ships lye in the road behind the Rocks for Shelter In the Christian times it was a Bishop's See under the Archbishop of Tyre The Eutychians held Council here of twenty four Bishops in 512 under the protection of the Emperour Anastasius In 1260 the Tartars became Masters of it from whom the Turks obtain'd it about one hundred and fifty years since There is now a Caemetery upon a part of the Mountain Antilibanus in the place where the Old Sidon stood for the use of the Christians of Seyde And the Maronites have a poor Chappel by it Seyne See Seine ◠Sezza Setia a City of Campagna di Roma in Italy of good Antiquity mentioned by Martial It is said to have sometime been a Bishop's See though not now Du Val places an Epispocal City of the same name in the Terra di Lavoro in the Kingdom of Naples Sfacchia Leuci a Range of Mountains in the Territory of Cydonia on the West side of the Island of Candy which gave name to the Sfacciotes who signalized themselves by their valiant resistance against the Turks when they endeavoured the ravishing that Island from the Seigniory of Venice of late years Shaftsbury Septonia a Town upon the Stoure in the North-East Borders of Dorsetshire towards Wiltshire seated in the form of a Bow on an high Hill which affords it a serene Air and a large delightful Prospect but deprives it very much of Water In the times of the Norman Conquest it had one hundred and four Houses and after this ten Parish Churches now three with about 500 Houses built of the Freestone of its own Hill Some write King Canutus the Dane died here This Town was built by King Alfred in 880 as Mr. Cambden proves from an old Inscription mentioned in William of Malmesbury In 1672 Charles II. created Anthony Ashley Cooper then Lord Chancellor of England Earl of Shaftsbury who died in Holland and his Son succeeded him in this Honour Shannon Shennyn or Shennonon Senus Sinejus a River in Ireland which is one of the principal in that Kingdom It ariseth in the County of Roscomon in the Province of Connaught out of Mount Slewnern and flowing Southward through Letrim forms a vast Lake called Myne Eske and Ree towards the North end of which on the East side stands Letrim in the middle Longford towards the South Ardagh on the West side Elphem and Roscomon and at some distance from the Lake to the South Athlone Beneath which comes in from the West the Logh a vast River from three other Lakes more to the West called Garoch Mesks and Ben-Carble on the East it receives the Anney so passing by Bannogh and Clonfort to the Lake of Derg at Kiloe it leaves that Lake and passeth to Limerick where it turns full West and between Munster to the South and Connaught to the North enters the Vergivian Ocean by a Mouth five Miles wide between Cape Leane and Cape Sanan having in this Course separated Leinster and Munster from Connaught Shap a large Village in the County of Westmorland in Westward near the River Lowther in which in the Reign of Henry I Thomas Son of Jospatrick founded an Abbey and the same was the only Abbey in this County There is near this Town a noted Well which ebbs and flows often in a day and a perfect Bow of vast Stones some nine foot high and fourteen thick pitch'd at equal distances from each other for for the space of a Mile Sheale a Town in the Bishoprick of Durham in Chester-ward upon the Mouth of the River Tine The Newcastle Coal-Fleet takes its Cargo here Sheffield a large well-built Market-town in the West riding of Yorkshire in the hundred of Strafford upon the River Dun of particular note for Iron Wares even in Chaucer's time who describes a Person with a Sheffield VVhittle by his side It shews the ruines of one of the five Castles formerly seated upon the same River Dun in the compass of ten Miles Corn especially is much bought up here for the supply of some parts of Derby and Nottingham shires as well as Yorkshire Shefford a Market Town in Bedfordshire in the Hundred of Clifton situated between two Rivulets which below it join to fall in one Stream into the Avon Sheppey Shepey Toliapis an Island on the Eastern Coast of Kent at the Mouth of the Thames and Medway Separated by the River Medway from Kent and on all other sides surrounded with the Sea About eight Miles long and six broad Fruitful in Pasturage and well watered especially on the South by Rivers The Danes Earl Goodwin his Sons and their Adherents much harassed it in former times Queensborough is its chief Town it hath several other Towns besides and hath been honoured with the Title of an Earldom in the Lady Dacres Countess of Shepey Shepton-Mallet or Malley a large Market Town in Somersetshire in the hundred of VVhiston Shipton a Market Town in VVorcestershire in the hundred of Oswalderston upon the River Stower It stands in a slip of the County taken off from VVarwickshire Shirburne Clarus Fons a Town and Castle in the North-West of Dorsetshire on the Borders of Somersetshire upon a River of the same Name which afterwards falls into the Parret the Capital of its Hundred Built on the side of an Hill in a fruitful and pleasant Country and much increased in the number of its Inhabitants and its Wealth by the Cloathing Trade In 704. a Bishop's See was erected here translated afterwards to Sunning and thence to Salisbury The Family of the Digbys Earls of Bristol are Barons of Shirburne § Also a Market Town in the West riding of Yorkshire in the Hundred of
Barkstow upon a small stream falling into the VVarfe and the Ouse at the place of their Conjunction This Town is noted for the Stone-quarries near it well inhabited and provided with a Free-School Shoreham a Market Town in the County of Sussex in Bramber Rape by the Sea side Shrewsbury Salopia the principal City in Shropshire is seated upon the Severne on the top of an Hill of Red Earth in the middle of that County The River runs almost round the Town and is covered by two lovely Bridges Roger of Montgomery in the Reign of VVilliam the Conqueror built on the North side of it a strong Castle which added much to its strength he founded a stately Abbey in it whose remains are extant still It was then a very considerable Place Nor is it after so many Ages sunk in its Wealth Riches or People but still a goodly City and the Centre of the Trade between VVales and England Near this City in 1463 was a sharp Battel fought between Henry IV. and Henry Percie Earl of Northumberland on the behalf of Edward Mortimer Earl of March as the right Heir of the Crown of England after Richard II. In 1067 Roger de Montgomery Earl of Arundel was by the Conqueror created Earl of Shrewsbury His Posterity enjoyed it till 1102 in three descents and then were divested of it In 1442 John Talbot Marshal of France a Person of great Worth and Conduct and the terror of France was by Henry VI made Earl of this City which Honour is enjoyed by his Posterity to this day Charles Talbot the twelfth of this Line succeding in 1667. Shrewsbury contains now five Parish Churches denominates a Lath is encompassed with a strong Wall with a Bulwark that ranges from the Castle to the Severn and is represented in the lower House of Parliament by two Burgesses First supposed to have taken its rise from the ruines of the ancient Vriconium which stood not far from it Shropshire Salopia is bounded on the North by the County Palatine of Chester on the East by Staffordshire on the South by Worcester Hereford and Radnorshires on the West by Montgomery and Denbigh It s length from North to South is thirty four its breadth from East to West twenty five and the circuit about one hundred thirty four English Miles wherein lye one hundred and seventy Parishes and fifteen Market Towns The Air of it is gentle and healthful the Soil rich and fruitful abounding in Wheat Barley Pit-Coals Iron and Wood. The Severne which is the second River of England divides this County almost in the middle receiving into it the Camlet the Morda the Mele the Roddon the Terne the VVorse and some others on the South it has the Temde which receives the Bradfield Onke Omey Quenny Stradbrook Corve Ledwich and Rea all which and some other Rivers water and enrich the South part of this County so that it may very well be one of the most fruitful and best peopled Counties in England The Principal City is Shrewsbury Siam a City and Kingdom beyond the Ganges in the Further East Indies The Kingdom is bounded on the North by the Kingdoms of Pegu and Ava on the East Cambaya Lao Jancoma and Tangu on the South the Bay of its own Name and on the West by the Bay of Bengale making by this form of its situation a Demicircle of about four hundred and fifty Leagues Some assign it a far greater extent and bound it by Pegu and Lao on the North the Chinian and Indian Oceans to the East and West with the Kingdom of Malaca to the South And this way it makes a great Peninsula It is certain the King of Siam keeps several other Kingdoms and Principalities tributary to him and his Country being blessed with a good Air a fertile Soil Mines of Lead Tin Silver and Gold tho of a base Alloy with store of Ivory and being visited continually by Vessels from Japan China Cochinchina Tonquin the Sound and the Philippine Islands from all parts of the Hither East Indies and from Arabia Persia and the Kingdoms of Europe it affords the enjoyment of every thing almost that is valuable Whilst the Sun is in the Northern Signs from March to September the Fields are generally overflown by the Rivers which much contributes to the fertility of them for the Ear of the Rice mounts above the height of the Waters The King of Siam was Master heretofore of Malaca see Malaca Of late himself became a Tributary to the King of Pegu see Pegu. But he is very absolute over and served with the profoundest Adoration by his own Subjects The English French and Dutch have each their Factories in this Kingdom The Portuguese and Armenians Moors and Chinese settle here in great Numbers being allowed dwellings in the City Siam by a Favour not made common to all Nations Siam the City stands in an Island that is formed by the River Menan surpassing in the richness of its Temples most of the proudest Cities in the Indies and its Palace Royal where the King resides built by the River side is of an extent sufficient to denominate a City of it self In 1634 the Dutch built themselves a House in Siam whichâ—is one of the best belonging to their Company in these Indies Siangyang Siangyanum a City in the Province of Huquam in the Kingdom of China The Capital over six other Cities Siara a small City in Brasil upon the North Sea which is the Capital of a Province has a large safe Haven and a Castle but not very populous Under the Portuguese 〈◊〉 a Kingdom under the Great Mogul in the East-Indies towards the Fountains of Ganges and Mount Caucasus betwixt Naugracut and Pitane Siben Sabiona now a Castle only but formerly a City in the County of Tirol and a Bishop's See It is seated upon the River Eysock ten Miles from Brixia whither the Brishoprick is removed to the South-West Siberia a Province of great extent under the Crown of Muscovy towards the river Obb in the Desart Tartary between the Provinces of Condora Legomoria and Permia Some few years since first discovered all covered with uninhabited Woods Marshes and desolate Countries having only a few Inhabitants which have a particular Language of their own and not the use of Bread The Moscovites have of late built the Cities Tobolsk upon the River Yâ—â—im and Siber on the Obb here and united both in one Archbishoprick At the former the Vice Duke under the Grand Duke of Moscovy resides he commands over both Siberia and Samoyeda They have also set up Churches in divers places for the Moscovian Christians Sicambri a People of the ancient Germany placed by most about the now Province of Guelderland in the Vnited Netherlands betwixt the Maes and the Rhine By others upon the banks of the Mayne Strabo calls them Sugambri Ptolemy Synganbri The Bructeri were a part of their Dependents Sichem an ancient City of the Territory of Samaria in Palestine in the
Tribe of Ephraim The same which S. John calls Sychar John 4. 5. standing near the Well where our Saviour discoursed the Samaritan Woman It is mentioned in Abraham's time for the place of his abode Gen. 12 6. Afterwards for the Sepulchre of Joseph and the Inheritance of his children Josh 24. 32. For the Election of Rehoboam King of Israel here by all Israel 2 Chron. 10. 1. and upon other Occasions Now called Naplouse Neapolas and New Samaria The High Priest of the present Samaritans resides at it Sicily Sicilia Sicelia Trinacria Sicania Triquetra a very great Island in the Mediterranean Sea at the South West point of Italy Thought by some Ancients to join originally with Italy as part of the continent and to have been separated from it by the stormy Powers of the Ocean It lies in the form of a vast Triangle from whence some of its names are derived having three great Capes Pelorum now Faro to the North-East towards Italy Pachynus now Passaro towards the Morea and the South-East and Lilybaeum now Cape Coco to the West Threehundred and eighty Miles from the Morea one hundred from Africa one hundred and seventy from Sardinia and from Italy a Mile and a half It s North side is two hundred fifty five Miles its Southern one hundred and ninety and the Western one hundred fifty five as Cluverius saith who measured the whole Island It is now divided into three Counties Val di Domoni to the North Val di Noto to the South and Val di Mazara to the West The ancient Cities of greatest power were Syracusa now Syragosa Panormus Palermo Messina and Messana of which the two last retain their former Dignity The other Cities are Gergenti Calatagirone Catania Cefalu Trapano Mazara Monreal Noto Patti Sacca and Terra Nova It is wonderfully fruitful as to Corn and Wine therefore called by Cato The Granary of the Common-VVealth and Nurse of the People of Rome Abounds also with Cattle Sheep Honey Wine and Oyl In ancient times it had seventy three Free Cities in the time of the second Punick War it had sixty six We have only Fabulous accounts who were the first Inhabitants but certainly the Phoenicians have been here and were expelled by the Greeks who not well agreeing amongst themselves drew over the Carthaginians to their common ruine The Romans followed not long after and in the year of Rome 494 two hundred and fifty six years before the birth of our Saviour made themselves Masters of it it being the first Province they possessed out of the Bounds of Italy In the mean time Dionysius Agathocles Hiero and Pericles advanced themselves to an Absolute Tyranny here by the use they made of their Victories It continued under the Romans till the Reign of Justinian then the Vandals under Gensericus in 439. and 440. for some time became Masters of it who were expelled by Bellisarius in 535. Having been miserably spoiled by the Emperor Constans in 669. it fell into the Hands of the Saracens who plundered it as they did several times after and left it Leandro Alberti faith that in the Division of the Empire between Charles the Great and Nicephorus Emperor of the East about 800. Sicily Calabria and Apulia fell to the Emperor of Constantinople and that it continued under them till the times of Nicephorus Thomas However we find the Saracens in 910. after a great Naval Victory became Masters of Calabria Apulia and Sicily Leandro placeth this in 914 and saith the Greeks had part of Sicily still In 1035. the Saracens were still possessed of part of Sicily but as Leander saith they and the Greeks too were expelled by the Normans in the times of Michael Caliphates who reigned but one year about 1041. and 1042 by Gulielmus Ferebatus and not by Tancred as say others To this William succeeded as Counts of Calabria Roger I. by the Pope created King of Sicily he having taken the Pope Prisoner in the year 1139 William II. William III. and Tancred a Bastard opposed by Pope Celestine III who preferred Costanza a Daughter of Roger II. an ancient Lady a Nun and married her to Henry Son of Frederick Barbarossa and made him King of Sicily to whom succeeded Frederick II. his Son Then followed Manfredus his Natural Son but the Pope set up Charles Duke of Anjou against him in 1263. In 1281. upon Easter-day in time of Vespers whence the name came of the Sicilian Vespers the French were all massacred by the Sicilians by the Order of Peter III. King of Arragon who had married the Daughter of Manfred During this Interval this Crown had been offered to Richard Earl of Cornwal Brother to Henry III. King of England and he refused it From thenceforward it became inseparably united to the Kingdom of Naples and has ever since had the same fate to this day being governed by a Vice-Roy who resides at Palermo the present capital City of it Hoffman saith the Saracens were possessed of Palermo had their Admiral or General there from 827. to 1070 when they were finally expelled by the Normans to whom Pope Nicolas granted this Island on that condition in 1058. So that the Normans might perhaps expell the Greeks in 1042. and the Saracens in 1070. The Inhabitants forced the Spaniards in the year 1647. to recall all their Taxes This Island enjoyeth three Archbishops Sees Palermo Messina and Monreale about six or seven Bishops Sees and one University Catania Aetna is a known Mountain here Sicyon an ancient ruined City of the Peloponnesus of sufficient note in its time The Turks have built Vasilica upon the Ruins of it Sida Side a Maritime City of Pamphylia in the Lesser Asia upon the Mediterranean and the Borders of Isauria Honoured formerly with an Archbishops See In 385. a Council was celebrated at it under Amphilochius Bishop of Iconium Now in a condition of ruine and called diversly Scandalor Candelohora and Chirisonda Sidon See Seyde Sidmouth a Market and Sea-Town in Devonshire in the Hundred of Budley of good account before its Port was choaked up with Sand. Siena Sena Saena Senae a City of Hetruria in Italy of great antiquity and a Roman Colony Seated in the Borders of the Dukedom of Florence thirty two Miles from that City to the South and an hundred and seven from Rome to the North. This City as Polybius saith in his second Book was built by the Gauls in the year of Rome 396. A. M. 3730. after the taking of Rome by Brennus and from the Senones one of their tribes took this Name In the fall of the Roman Empire it suffered very much from the Barbarous Nations and is said to have been rebuilt by Charles Martel The Inhabitants purchased their freedom of Rodolphus the Emperor and managed the same with various successes till 1555 when it was taken by the Spaniard and sold to the Duke of Florence in 1558. under whom it still is In 1459. it was made an Archbishop's See under Pope
a vast Arm of the Sea falls into the German Sea almost twenty English Miles North of St. Andrews Taygetus a Mountain of the Province of Laconia in the Peloponnesus consecrated in Pagan times to Castor and Pollux Standing in the neighbourhood of Sparta now Misitra and being broken once by an Earthquake it did much mischief to that City Tearus a River of Thrace salling into the Hebrus so admired by Darius the Son of Hystaspes for its Water according to Herodotus that he erected a Colom in its honor Teane a River in Staffordshire upon which Checkley is situated Tebesca an ancient City in the Kingdom of Tunis in Africa which was a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Carthage Tech Ter Illybiris Thicis Tichis a small River in the County of Roussillon which springeth out of the Pyrenean Hills in the Borders of Cerdanna watereth Arles and Cerdanna then falls into the Mediterranean Sea twelve Miles from the Mouth of the Egli to the South Tectosagae an ancient People of Gallia Narbonensis whose Capital City was the modern Tolose They made an incursion into Germany and there established themselves near the Hyrcinian Forest Tedles Tedlesia a Province in the Kingdom of Morocco It s chief City is Tofza Tees Athesis Tuasis a River which parts England from Scotland It ariseth in Twedale therefore called the Tweed no less frequently and running Eastward and being augmented by the Cale at Rydam it becomes a boundary at Tiltmouth takes in the Bromyshe out of Northumberland and on the South side of Barwick entereth the German Ocean Teflis Artaxata Arxata Tephlis Zogocara the Capital City of Georgia in the Province of Carduel upon the River Khur or Cyrus Anciently one of the greatest Cities of the East but being taken and ill handled by the Turks it consists of very few Inhabitants under the King of Persia Baudrand Sir John Chardin who saw it some few years since contrariwise assures us it is one of the fairest though not the biggest Cities in Persia at the bottom of a Mountain upon the River Cur incompassed on all sides but the South where the River secureth it with a strong and beautiful Wall and has about fourteen Christian Churches served by Armenians and Georgians together with a large Castle guarded by Natural Persians only The Bishops See or Palace is near the Cathedral Church It has in the mean time not one Mosque except a small one lately built in the Castle because the Christians will not endure it and the Persians are too wise to exasperate their Frontier People who can with ease call in the Turks to revenge the Injuries of their Religion It is well Peopled full of Strangers who resort thither on the account of Trade Twice in the hands of the Turks in the Reigns of Ishmael II and Solyman his Son The latter took this and Tauris about 1548. The Persian Tables place it Long. 83. 00. Lat. 43. 05. The Congregation at Rome de propaganda fide keeping a Mission of Capuchins in Georgia who understand Physick and by that means render themselves very acceptable to the Country their Praefect resides here It is the Seat of the Viceroy of Georgia Tefza a City in the Province of Tedles in the Kingdom of Morocco built on an high Hill by the River Derna Tegan Teganum a City in the Province of Huquam in China The Capital over five Cities Tegaza a Desart in Nigritia in Africa Tegaea an antient City of Arcadia in the Peloponnesus which was a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Corinth Tegeste a Peninsula in Florida in North America Tegorarin a City and Territory in Biledulgerid in Africa Teissa or Tiissa Tibiscus the Theysse a River of the Vpper Hungary which ariseth in the Carpathian Mountains and floweth through Transylvania hither to pay its Tribute to the Danube Segedin stands upon it The Hungarians use to say It is two parts Water and the third Fish Tejum an ancient City of Paphlagonia in the Lesser Asia remarkable by being the Birth-place of Anacreon the Poet who died of a Grape-stone sticking in his Throat Telepte an Ancient City of the Province of Byzacena in the Kingdom of Tunis in Barbary It was a Bishops See particularly remarkable in the person of Donatus who in 418 celebrated a Council at it against the Pelagians Now in slavery to the Moors Telessia a City of the ancient Samnium in Italy now in the Province called Terra di Lavoro in the Kingdom of Naples It became a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Benevento and was adorned with the Title of a Dukedom But since 1612 the See has been transserred from hence Telgen Telga a City in Sudermannia in Sweden four Miles from Stockholm to the North-West Temesen Temesena a Province in the Kingdom of Fez. Temeswaer Temesuaria a Town in the Vpper Hungary which is the Capital of a County of the same Name A great and strong place seated upon the River Temes whence it has its Name five Leagues from Lippa towards the Borders of Transylvania and about ten from Belgrade The Turks twice attempted it before they took it in 1552 from the Transylvanians upon which they bestowed great costs in the fortifying of it and esteem it invincible as indeed it is the strongest Place they have left them The County of Temeswaer is bounded on the North by Chaunad and Transylvania on the West by the Tibiscus on the South by the Danube and on the East by Moldavia Temiam Temiamum a Kingdom in Nigritia in Africa bounded on the North by the Kingdom of Gangara on the West by that of Bito on the South by the River Niger and on the East by the Desart of Sert or Seu. The principal City of which is Temican Tempe a sweet Valley in the Province of Thessalia in Macedonia watered by the River Peneo The Poets have rendered it famous to all Ages It lies betwixt the Mountains Olympus and Ossa And some place the ancient City Lycosthome in it which was a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Larissa Temruck or Tomaruchi Tyrambe Tyrambis a City of Crim Tartary in Asia sixteen Miles from the Cimmerian Bosphorus to the East and ten from the Lake of Corocondam to the North. Tenbury a Market Town in Worcestershire upon the Edge of Shropshire and the Banks of the River Tent in the hundred of Doddington Tende Tenda a Town in the County of Nizza in the Appenine near the Borders of the States of Genoua eighteen Miles from Alba to the North and twenty five from Fossano South which has a Mountain near it called Le col de Tende and a very strong Castle This was a Sovereign State under Counts of its own but now subject to the Duke of Savoy Tenduc Tenducum a City and Kingdom of the Asian Tartary Bounded on the North by the Great Tartary on the East by Jupia on the West by the Kingdom of Tangut and on the South by China This Prince has within a little more than forty
of Holland one League from Leyden which has been adorned with the Title of an Earldom Valdiva a small City in the Kingdom of Chili in South America which has a large and safe Haven on the Pacifick Ocean under the Dominion of the Spaniards though it has been often ruined by the Indians It stands seventy five Leagues from Imperiali to the South written sometimes Baldiva Valence Valentia Julia Valentia Segalaunorum Vrbs a City of Gallia Narbonensis in Ptolemy now called Valenza by the Italians It is a neat populous great City in the Dauphiné and a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Vienne upon the River Rhosne eleven Leagues from its Metropolis to the South This Bishoprick was for ever united to that of Dye in 1275. The Bishops take the Title of Earls of Valence In 1452. there was an University opened here The River Isere closeth it on the North and the Rhosne on the West It is the Capital of the Dukedom of Valentinois hath a Cittadel an Abbey and a Collegiate Church besides the Cathedral with a great number of Religious Houses And anciently was a Roman Colony In 374. 584. and 855. Councils were assembled at this City In 890. Lewis Son of Bozon was confirmed King of Arles by the Bishops here met for the purpose There have been more Councils in after times held in the same place § Also a Town in the Province of Guyenne near the Garonne Valenchiennes Valenciennes Vallencenae Valentianae Valentinianae a City of Hainault upon the Schelde where it receives the Ronel which divides it A great strong spruce place two Leagues from Quesnoy to the North five from Tournay to the South and from Cambray to the West Henry VII Emperour of Germany was a Native of it and Baldwin and Henry Emperors of Constantinople In 1656. the French besieged it under the Mareschals Turenne and la Ferte But Don John of Austria assisted with the Prince of Conde raised the Siege and took the latter Prisoner In 1667. it was taken by the French under whom it now is They have since added to its Fortifications It was made an University in 1475. Valencia Valentia Valentia Constetinorum a City and Kingdom in Spain The City is called by the Italians Valenza and stands about a Mile from the Mediterranean Sea forty nine Leagues from Barcinone to the North-West from Toledo to the East and Saragoza to the South Built by Junius Brutus a Roman in the year of Rome 616. Rescued out of the hands of the Moors by Roderic Bivar el Cid in the year 1025. Taken by them again and recovered the second time by James I. King of Arragon in 1236. Made a Bishops See in 1492. by Pope Alexander VI. In Pliny's time it was a great noble elegant City walled with five Bridges over the River Guadalaviar and now the best peopled in all Spain except Lishon and Madrid An University the Capital of a Kingdom and the Seat of its Courts of Justice and a Vice-Roy It has given to the See of Rome two Popes Calistus II. and Alexander VI. The Spaniards proverbially call it Valencia la Hermosa the Beautiful Long. 25. 15. Lat. 39. 55. The Kingdom of Valencia lies upon the Mediteranean Sea Bounded on the East by Catalonia and that Sea on the West by New Castile and by the Kingdom of Murcia to the South The chief Cities in it are Valencia Segorve Orighuella Xativa Elche and Alicante Watered by the Ebro the Mervedre the Guadalquivir and the Xucar so that it enjoys at once the most fruitful Soil and the most pleasant and temperate Air of all Spain much like that of Naples Their Silk and Wooll are the best in the World Their Sheep were first brought thither from Cotswald in England in 1465. by the imprudent Courtesie of Edward IV. In short the Plenty Delicacies and Pleasantness of this Kingdom has esseminated its Inhabitants and made them less able to defend it The ancient Edetani and Contestani dwelt here It became a distinct Moorish Kingdom in 1214. Submitted to Arragon in 1228. Finally conquered by them in 1238. Philip II. banished out of it twenty two thousand Families of the Moors Valeneia d' Alcantara a strong Town in the Province of Extremadura in Spain but in the Borders of Portugal upon the River Savar eight Leagues from Alcantara to the West Taken by the Portuguese and restored to the Spaniard by the Treaty of Peace in 1668. Valencia di Minho a strong Town upon the River Minho in the Kingdom of Portugal which has resisted the repeated Attacks of the Spaniards Valenza Valentia Forum Fulvii or Valentinum a strong Town in the Dukedom of Milan but in the Borders of Montferrat Built upon an Hill by the Po ten Miles from Casal to the East and seven from Alessandria to the North. It was attempted by the French in 1635. and in 1656. with great loss they took it in 1657. The Spaniards were defeated in 1658. in their design of recovering it but gained it by the Treaty of Peace the next year at the Pyrenees and are still in possession of it Valentinois a Territory in Dauphine of which Valence is the Capital It is divided into the Vpper and Lower Valentinois The Upper extends from the River Isere to the Droume the other from the Droume to the County of Venaissin Formerly under its own Counts It became united with Dauphine and the Crown of France in the time of Tewis XI King of France Lewis XII advanced it to the quality of a Dukedom Valette Valetta a new very strong fine populous City in the Isle of Malta Built by Jean de Valette a French Man Master of the Knights of Malta in the year 1566. after the Turkish Siege on the North side of the Island upon a Mountain called Sceb Erras having an excellent Port. The Master of that Order has resided in that City ever since the year 1571. The Castle belonging to it is called S. Elmo La Valette or Villebois a Town in the Dukedom of Angousmois in France Valiza Rhodope a Mountain in Thrace called by the Inhabitants Rulla It divides Thrace into two parts extending from East to West and gives Birth to the River Hebrus and some others Valladolid Pintia Vallisolitum Vallisoletum a City of Old Castile in Spain great elegant and populous upon the River Piznerga a little above its fall into the Douro in the Borders of the Kingdom of Leon of which it was a part Sixteen Spanish Leagues from Burgos to the South-West and twenty from Salamanca to the North-East This City was built by the Goths in the year of Christ 625. Made a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Toledo in the year 159◠Christopher Columbus the first Discoverer of America died here in the year 1506. It was for some time the Seat of the Kings of Castile and now an University of great esteem In this place Philip II. King of Spain by the perswasion of Mr. Parsons a known English Jesuit erected
this County Angola a Kingdom in Africa upon the South of the Kingdom of Congo Angote a City and Kingdom in the Upper Aethiopia Angoulesme Engolisma is an Episcopal City in Aquitaine in France under the Archbishop of Bourdeaux it stands upon the River Charme which falls into the Ocean right over against the Island of Orleron There is belonging to it also a Dukedom which is bounded upon the North with Poictou upon the East with Limosin upon the South with Pericort and upon the West with Xantogn This Dukedom is call'd by the name of Angoumois Angra the chief City of the Island of Tercera and a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Lisbon Anguien Enguien Angia a small City in Hainault between Mons and Brussels It has the Honor to give the Title of a Baron to the Princes of the House of Bourbon Anguilla is one of the Caribby Islands planted by the English it lies in 18 deg 21 min. Nor. Lat. and 330 of Longit. in length about 10 Leagues in breadth 3. formerly call'd Snake Island from its shape The Tobacco of this Island is well esteemed Anguillara a Town and Lake in the Padouan in the States of Venice § Also a Town in the States of the Church upon the Lake of Bracciano Anhalt a City almost ruin'd and a Principality but little considerable in the Upper Saxony in Germany watered by the River Sala The House of Anhalt has possessed the Electorates of Brandenburgh and Saxony for several Ages Anian a Streight supposed to be between Asia and America but could never yet be discovered where or whether there be any such Passage or no It is thought to lie North of China and Japan and to disjoyn the Eastern part of Asia from the Western part of America Anianâ—u a City in the Province of Chuqnami in China Aniava Aniwa a Promontory discovered by the Hollanders in the Terra de Jesso to the North of Japan Anigre Anigrus a River of the Morea Animacha a River arising in the Kingdom of Callecutt in the East-Indies which falls into the Ocean six Leagues off Cranagor giving its Name to a Town in its way Anjou Andegavia is one of the noblest Dukedoms of France bounded on the East with La Beausse on the West with Britain and part of Poictou on the South in part by Berry and in part by Poictou in which Circumference are included Anjou Tourein and Maine This Country is for the most part very fruitful and pleasant especially in Tourein and along the Loire Anjou properly so call'd is seated between Tourein and Maine and was so call'd from the Andegavi the old Inhabitants of it Henry II. King of England was Earl of Anjou by Inheritance from his Father as he was K. of England by Maud his Mother Daughter to Henry I. King John his Son lost it and ever since it has been annexed to the Crown of France or given to the younger Sons of that Royal Family Anna. See Ana. The Name also of a Town upon the River Astan in Arabia deserta Annaberg a City of Misnia in Germany upon the River Schop near Marienberg Annacious Annacieugi a People of Brasil in America towards Porto Seguro Annagh a Town in the County of Cavan in Vlster in Ireland § Another in the County of Down Anneci Annecium a neat City in Savoy with a Castle It is the Capital of the Dukedom of Geneva seated upon a Lake of the same name where the River Tioud issueth out of the Lake at the foot of the Mountain Saymenoz heretofore greater but now it is little and not well inhabited tho the See of the Bishops of Geneva has been translated thither above 100 years In this place resteth the Body of S. Francis de Sales who was Bishop and Prince of Geneva near the time of the Reformation of Calvâ—â— This City is 6 Leagues from Geneva South Annibi a Lake of North Tartary in Asia where there are Mountains of the same name Annobon an Island upon the Coast of Guiney 10 Leagues in circuit towards the Isle of S. Thomas The Portuguese gave it that name because they discovered it upon a New-Years Day Annonay Annonaeum Annoniacum a City with the Title of a Marquisate in the Province of Vivarets in France upon the River Deume Anone Anonium or Roque de Non a Town in the Milanese in Italy upon the River Tanaâ—â— almost ruin'd Anossi Carcanossi Androbeizaba a Province of the Isle of Madagascar There are some Colonies of French in it Anot a small City of Provence in France Anoth one of the Scilly Islands Anpadore Cataractus a River of Candia Ansa a River in the Province of Friuli in Italy It passes by Aqueleia to the Adriatique Ocean Anse a small City in the Province of Lyennois in France 4 Leagues from Lyons Made a Roman Garrison in the time of Augustus who gave it the name of Antium Ansene Angria a small City in Aegypt 20 Leagues from Cairo near the Nile Ansianactes a People of the Western part of the Isle of Madagascar Ansiquains Ansicani a People of Abyssinia commended for their Fidelity and Honesty Anslo or Opslo Anslooa a City of the Province of Aggerhuys in Norway with a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Drontheim seated upon a Bay of the same name 35 Miles from the Baltick Sea Northward it has a Castle near it call'd Aggerhuslo This City was miserably ruin'd by Fire in the Reign of Christian IV. who rebuilt it in Anno 1614. and call'd it Christianstad from his own Name In this City were celebrated the Nuptials of James I. King of England with the Lady Ann Daughter of Frederick II. King of Denmark Novemb 23. 1589. It stands 56 German Miles from Stockholme Weâ—t Anspach See Onspach Antavares a People on the South part of the Isle of Madagascar The French had settled themselves amongst them and were afterwards Massacred by them Ante Anta a River in Normandy which washeth the Town of Failaise and 3 Leagues lower falls into the Dive which last falls into the British Sea 4 Leagues East of Caen. Ante Anta a small Town and Port in Guiny in Africa 3 Leagues from the Cape of Three Heads East Antego one of the Caribby Islands plac'd in 16 d. 11. â— of Northern Lat. and 339 of Long. inhabited by the English for some years and is about 6 or 7 Leagues in length and breadth difficult of Access and not much stor'd with Springs which the Inhabitants supply by Ponds and Cisterns Antequera a small ill built City of New Spain in America 80 Leagues from Mexico which in 1535. was made a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Mexico by Pope Paul III. § Also a small Town in the Kingdom of Granada in Old Spain Antessa Antissa an antient City in the Island of Lesbos which was heretofore a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Mitylene Ovid speaks of it as also the antient Geographers under the notion of its being it self an Island in
Aquisgrane this and the Territory belonging to it was yielded to them but by the Treaty of Nimeguen in 1679. it returned under the Spanish Dominion In this place in 1357. there was a League concluded between Venceslaus Duke of Brabant and Lewis Earl of Flanders Athens Athenae one of the most antient and most noble Cities of Greece the Capital of Attica Built by Cecrops an Aegyptian A. M. 2350. according to Helvicus in 2390. the last of which Accounts precedes the going up of the Children of Israel out of Egypt 64 years It was governed by Kings to the Death of Codrus A. M. 2882. under Archons for Life till 3190. after which it had Archons for ten years till the year of the World 3268. when it became a perfect Republick and had never more any rest or peace till it fell into the hands of the Kings of Macedonia first and afterwards of the Romans About 3430. Xerxes invading Greece the Athenians burnt their own City and sent their Wives and Children into the Islands of the Mediterranean prevailing afterwards against that great Prince they built the City much more gloriously than before The Reputation they gain'd in this War made them great at home amongst their Neighbors till growing proud and injurious their Neighbors became their Enemies so that they fell into the Hands of the Lacedemonians who ruin'd their Walls A. M. 3546. They recovered their Liberty but not their Reputation and in 3613. they fell into the hands of Philip the Father of Alexander the Great who by being made the General of a Holy War became the the Sovereign of all Greece The Romans conquering Perseus the last King of Macedonia A. M. 3782. they became in some sort the Subjects of that Empire yet under the Romans they had a shadow of Liberty till the Mithridatick War when being over-persuaded by Aristion an Epicurean Philosopher they incensed the Roman Powers against them and Sylla in the year of the World 3863. 86 years before the Birth of our Saviour by a Siege reduced them to the necessity of eating Man's Flesh and took the City by storm in the Night This was the Evening of all their Dominion Glory and Liberty But in this Interval between their becoming a free and a subject People they raised themselves to a greater degree of Glory by Learning than ever they could have required by Arms without it Solon who lived a little before the Babylonian Captivity and became the Athenian Legislator about the 3359th year of the World laid the Foundations of this which Socrates Plato Aristotle Xenophon Thucydides Demosthenes Isocrates and the rest that followed raised to such an height that Athens was truly more the Mistress of the World on the account of Arts than ever Rome was on the score of her Arms and tho both their times are past yet Athens being Dead speaketh still in her Philosophers Orators and Historians To pursue her Fate she rose out of her Ashes after the Syllian Ruin by the favour of the Romans and flourished till Alaricus the Goth laid her in the Dust under the Reign of Valens about the year of Christ 378. She recovered again under Theodosius Arcadius and Justinian Eudocia the Queen of Theodosius II. being an Athenian by Birth as Irene the Lady of Leo IV. also was About 1435. Antonius Comnenus Acciajolus was Duke of Athens about 20 years after she fell the second time into the hands of the Turks being taken by Mahomet II. since which last Captivity not only her Flesh but her Skin is wasted and she is become a Skeliton An. 1687. the Venetians having taken Napoli di Romania in the Morea arrived at Port Lione that is the Harbor of this Town formerly called Pyraeus September 21. with the Fleet commanded by General Morosini the Greeks immediately sent their Deputies with the Tenders of their Submission to him The Turkish Garrison being about 600 Men retired to the Castle to make some resistance but were forced to surrender in two or three days after the Besiegers began to play their Batteries tho the Castle was strong seated upon the old Acropolis with Precipices on three sides of it a Wall on the other and 20 Pieces of Canon within About 300 Souls embraced the Christian Religion with the Christian Government The famous Temple of Minerva being made a Magazine for Amunition was set on fire by a Bomb that fell among the Stores in the Attack Some Remains of Lycurgus's Tower of Phidias and Praxiteles's curious Works are yet to be seen And the Athenians excelling all others throughout those Countries in Merchandise and Crafts may be thought to retain some Seeds of their former Politeness still To this City St. Paul Preached the Gospel of Christ and the Resurrection as we read Act. 17. Publius and Quatratus were Bishops of it under the Emperor Adrian the former suffered Martyrdom in the Year 123 and animated great numbers of Athenians by his death to embrace the like with courage and joy The latter together with Aristides presented that Emperour at his coming hither in the Year 126 with an excellent Apology for Christianity Since advanced to an Archbishoprick They reckon about 10000 Inhabitants most Christians in it who have â—oo Churches and divers other Chappels according to the Rites and Customs of the Graecians Now call'd Setino lying in Long. 50. 12. Lat. 38. 51. Athenree or Atherit a City and Barony in the County of Galloway in the Province of Connaught in Ireland More rich and more considerable formerly than now Atherston a Market-Town in Warwick-shire near the River Anker in the Hundred of Hemlingford Athlone Athlona Atlonâ—a is a small Town in the County of Rosecomen in the Province of Connaught in Ireland in the Confines of Leinster seated upon the River Shannon where it comes out of the Lake of Lough Ree 16 Irish Miles from Longford South This Place was the Refuge of the Rebels in the Irish Rebellion who fled thither from Kilkenny in 1650. being pressed upon by other Rebels where they had not much rest the Town being taken by Hewson in 1651. The Strength of it lies in the Castle whither when Douglas with 10 Regiments of Foot and 4 of Horse of the Forces of King William arrived in order to a Siege about the middle of July 1690. the Irish retired burning the Town and breaking the Bridge And at the last he was forced to leave it in their possession But it could not withstand the Army of General Ginckle the year after Athol Atholia is a small County or Earldom in the heart of Scotland between the Mountain Grampus on the West and the Sherifdom of Pertb on the East in which riseth the River Tau the greatest River in all Scotland This County is remarkable for nothing but its Earls which have been great men both in England and Scotland Athos See Agion Oros. Atlantides an antient name given to the People that dwelt about Mount Atlas in Africa Atlas See Aiducal Atri Atria
Adria and Hadria a City of Abruzzo in the Kingdom of Naples where Hadrian the Emperour was born This is an independent Bishoprick subject to no Archbishop instituted by Innocent IV. Anno Chr. 1252. The City is built upon a high Hill within 4 Miles of the Adriatick Sea and tho it has few Inhabitants yet it has the Honor of giving the Title of a Duke to the Family of the Aquaviva's It stands 10 Leagues from Pinna to the North and 15 from Theate East it lies in 38. 18. Long. 42. 51. Lat. § There is another Town belonging to the Venetians of the same Name but almost swallowed up by the Sea Attica Cecropia a Province of the antient Achaia in Greece upon the Aegean Sea now call'd the Dutchy of Athens from its Capital City It was divided in those times first into 10 then into 13 Tribes Each Tribe assumed its denomination from some or other Hero of the Country and was made to contain a certain number of Towns and Villages amounting in the whole to 174 being then as populous a Region as Holland now It extended its Dominion almost over all the Isles of the Archipelago had Mines of Silver within its Mountains and each Tribe furnish'd 50 Persons a peice to be the Judges of the Politie at Athens Attigny Attiniacum a Town in the Province of Champagne in the Dukedom of Reimes upon the River Aisne Axona 11 Miles from Reimes to the South-East in which Chilperiâ—us King of France died Anno. Christ 72â— Lewis the Debonnaire King of France and Emperour did Pennâ—nce and made a publick Confession of his Crimes before a Council here Assembled in 822. Attleborough a Market-Town in Norfolk in the Hundred of Shropham Ava or Aba a Kingdom City and River in the Terra-firma of the Indies between the States of Siam and Arachan § Also a Province and Town of the Isle of Xicoco belonging to Japan Availle Avallensis Comitatus a Territory in Aquitaine in the Province of Limofin in France Avalon Aballo a Town in Burgundy in France upon the River Cousin betwixt Auxerre and Autuâ— with a good Castle Avalon Avalonia Aveland is an Island in Somersetshire in which Glastenbury stands It gives the Title of a Viscount to the Family of the Mordants Avanches See Wiflisbourg Avares a Barbarian People of Scythia who took part with the Huns and Ravaged the Empire on either side the Danube in the sixth Century Avaux a County in Champagne in France in the Neighbourhood of Rheims giving its Title to the House of Memes Charlemaigne defeated the Normans here in 882. Aubanne Aubanca Albinia a Town and Barony in Provence in France Aube Alba a River of France which riseth in the Borders of Bnrgundy and flowing through the Province of Champagne watereth Bar after which being encreased with some additional Rivers it falls into the Seyne Sequana at Pont sur Seyne Aubenas Albenacum a Town in the Province of Vivarets in France upon the River Ardesche Aubrac a famous Rich Hospital in the Diocese of Rodes in Aquitain in France Auburne a Market-Town in Wiltshire in the Hundred of Ramsbury Aubusson a Town in the Province of Auvergne in France The Ruins of the Castle here shew the Grandeur of the Family of this Name who are the Lords of the place Aude Atax a River of Languedoc in France It takes its source from the Pyranees in the County of Rosillon and falls into the Mediterranean near Narbonne Avein Aveinum a Village in Luxembourg made famous by a great Victory obtained by the French against the Spaniards anno 1635. It is scarce 2 Leagues distant from S Huberts to the North. Aveira Lavara a Town in Portugal near the Mouth of the River Vouga in the Province of Beira Aveiro Averonius a River in the Province of Rovergue in France It rises in the Territory of Sovorac passes to Rhodez St. Anthonin Bourniquet Negrepelisse and having entertain'd the streams of several Rivers in the way delivers itself into the Tarn at Pointe d'Aveiron Avella a Town and Marquisate in the Terra di Lavoro in Italy 4 Miles from Nola and 15 from Naples not considerable Avellino Abellinum a City with the Title of a Principality in the further Principate in the Kingdom of Naples it 's a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Benevento Avenay Avenoeum a small Town in Champagne in France 4 Leagues from Rheims near the River Marne Avenmore Dabrona the Broad Water a River in the Province of Munster in Ireland it arises near the Earldom of Desmond and running East it takes in several other Rivers and having washed the Town of Lâ—smore it falls into the Ocean at Youghal where it maketh a Haven about 20 Miles West of Waterford Haven Averno Avernus Aernus a deep Lake surrounded with Mountains and a Wood in the Terra di Lavoro in the Kingdom of Naples near to Baja and Cuma The Vapours it sends forth are very corrupt and noxious which made the Poets represent it as one of the Mouthe of Hell Nero attempted to make a Navigable Canal from hence to the Disembogure of the Tiber but the Mountains and Soil rendred it impracticable To the West of it there is a Cave struck out of a Mountain where they formerly consulted an Oracle and it s supposed the same Cave was the Grotto of the Sibylla Cumana Averâ—a a City and a Bishops See in the Terra di Lavoro in the Kingdom of Naples Built in the Eleventh Century upon the Foundations as some believe of the antient Atella and Fortifi'd with a noble Castle It carries the Title of an Earldom too together with this Episcopal See they have united that of Atella and Cuma Avesnes Avennae a Town of Haynaut little but famous and well Fortifi'd standing upon a small River which falls into the Sambre This Town stands 4 Miles South of Maubeuge 8 from Mons. It was yielded to the French by the Pyrenean Treaty An. 1659. Avesnes le Comte a small French Town in the Province of Artois in the Borders of Picardy Augarras Indians of Brasil in America in the Province of Puerto Seguro Auge a County in Normandy Augatow Augustavia a New Town in Poland upon the River Brebetz on the Borders of Lithuania betwixt Bielsko and Grodno Avigliano Aviliana a small Town in Piedmont upon the River Duria 20 Miles from Turin to the West This River is call'd Grana in the late Maps It stands on a Hill and has a ruin'd Castle Avignon Avenio a City of Provence in France upon the Rhone it is an Archbishops See a large well built Place and very much famed for having been the usual Residence of the Popes from 1306. by the Grant of Joan Queen of Naples and Countess of Provence to Clement V. to 1378. In which time died here John II. in 1334. Benedict XII in 1341. Clement VI. in 1352. Innocent VI in 1361. and Vrbanus V. in 1370. This City is an University and had once a Stone Bridge which is now decayed