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kingdom_n	england_n	king_n	time_n	11,245	5	3.7746	3	true

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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A37340	A brief history of the life of Mary, Queen of Scots, and the occasions that brought her and Thomas, Duke of Norfolk, to their tragical ends shewing the hopes the Papists then had of a Popish successor in England, and their plots to accomplish them : with a full account of the tryals of that Queen, and of the said Duke, as also the trial of Philip Howard, Earl of Arundel : from the papers of a secretary of Sir Francis Walsingham / now published by a person of quality.	M. D.; Walsingham, Francis, Sir, 1530?-1590.	1681 (1681)	Wing D57; ESTC R8596	76,972	72

Duke being found by intercepted Letters notwithstanding his aforesaid promises still to continue his affection to and correspondence with the Scottish Queen was brought to his Trial here printed and for the Crimes therein specified condemned and beheaded Some few days after his Execution William Lord de la Ware and others were sent to the Queen of Scots who was then full of grief and sorrow for his death owning that a contract of Marriage had passed between him and her to expostulate with her and charge her with divers matters as that she had usurp'd the Title and Arms of the Realm of England and had not renounced the same as she ought to have done by the Treaty of Edenbourgh that she had sought to Marry with the Duke of Norfolk a Subject of England without the Queens privity and to effect the same Marriage had tried all means by her Agents and Ministers to rescue the said Duke out of Prison by force that she had raised the Rebellion in the North and relieved the Rebles after they were put to flight in Scotland and the Low-Countries that she had by Ridolph the Italian importun'd both the Pope and the King of Spain and others for Forrein Forces to invade England that she had conspired with several English Subjects to take her out of Prison by force and proclaim her Queen of England that she had received Letters from the Pope wherein to use his own words he promised to cherish her as the Hen doth her Chickins and to account those that stood for her the true Children of the Church Lastly that she had procured the Popes Bull against the Queen and had suffered her self publickly to be stiled Queen of England by her Ministers in Forrein Courts Whereunto protesting First That she was a free absolute Queen and subject to none she with a settled countenance and courage answered 1. That she had not usurped the Title and Arms of England but that the King of France and her Husband had imposed them upon her being very young and under the direction of her Husband and therefore not to be laid upon her for a fault and that as she did not after her Husband's death so neither would she claim them as long as Queen Elizabeth or any Children she might have should live 2. That she never imagined any detriment or hurt to the Queen by her Marriage with the Duke of Norfolk being perswaded it would be for the good of the Common-wealth and that she did not renounce it because she had given her Faith and Troth unto him 3. That she willed the Duke by some means to get out of danger and Prison which she did out of the duty she owed to him as her Husband 4. That she had not raised rebellion nor was privy to the same but was always ready to reveal all attempts against the Queens life 5. That she never relieved the English Rebels only that in her Letters she recommended the Countess of Northumberland to the Duke of Alva 6. That she used Ridolph whom she knew to be highly in the Popes favour in many matters yet receiv'd no Letters from him 7. That she never moved any to attempt her deliverance yet that she willingly gave ear unto them that offered their labour therein and for that purpose that she communicated to Rolston and Hall a private Character 8. That she had receiv'd sometimes Letters from the Pope very pious and consolatory wherein were no such Expressions or Phrases 9. That she procured not the Bull that she only saw the Printed Copy thereof and when she had read it she threw it into the fire 10. That if any in Forrein parts writ or nam'd her otherwise than they ought they and not she were to answer it 11. That she never by Letters required aid of the Pope or the King of Spain to invade England but only to be restored into her Kingdom by their means and not without the Queens privity 12 But if any question or doubt be made of those Letters of effecting the Marriage by force of Arms she requested since she was born of the Royal Blood of England that she might answer Personally in the next Parliament How far these specious Allegations were credited by Queen Elizabeth we find not 't is certain they produc'd little effect towards her delivery But on the contrary it being about the same time discovered that she held Correspondence with Spain and that the Lord Seton who landed in Essex disguised like a Mariner had brought a promise of Aid to her from the Duke of Alva she was confined more strictly and with greater Guard Likewise in Scotland to prevent the Duke of Guises design which was to make use of the Duke of Lenox's favour with the King to withdraw his affection from the English the Earl of Gowry and others resolve by all means to remove Lenox and the Earl of Arran from the King To accomplish which while Lenox was gone from Perth where the King then lay to Edenburgh and Arran also was absent the said Earl of Gowry with the Earls of Mar and Lindsey and others take an opportunity to invite the King to the Castle of Rewthen and there detained him not permitting him to walk abroad and removing all his trusty Servants cast Arran into Prison enforc'd the King to call home the Earl of Angus and send away Lenox into France As also by his Letters to Queen Elizabeth to own and approve of all these proceedings Which were much regretted by the Queen his Mother who on this occasion wrote a long Letter to Queen Elizabeth lamenting her own and her Sons deplorable fortune and did it so Pathetically that Queen Elizabeth was much affected with it and a serious debate was moved in her Council thereupon and most of them inclin'd to set her at liberty on these Terms and Conditions 1. That she and her Son should promise to practise nothing hurtful to Q. Elizabeth and the Realm of England 2. That she would voluntarily confess that whatsoever was done by Francis the Second the French King her Husband against Q. Elizabeth was done against her will and that she should utterly disallow the same as unjust by confirming the Treaty of Edenburgh 3. That she should condemn all the practises ever since that time and ingenuously renounce them 4. She should bind her self not to practise any thing directly or indirectly against the Government of the Realm of England in Ecclesiastical or Civil affairs but by all manner of means oppose her self and resist such practisers as publick enemies 5. That she shall challenge or claim no right unto her self in the Kingdom of England during the Life of Queen Elizabeth and that afterward she will submit her right of Succession unto the Estates of England 6. And to the end that she may not hereafter use any cavil and say That she condescended to these Conditions being a Prisoner and by coaction she her self should not only swear unto them but also

well concerning the disallowing excluding or disabling any person that may or shall pretend any Title to come to the Crown of this Realm as also for the pursuing and taking revenge of any such wicked act or attempt as is mentioned in the same Association shall and ought to be in all things expounded and adjudged according to the true intent and meaning of this Act and not otherwise nor against any other person or persons The Scottish Queen was too quick sighted not to perceive that this Association was an Arrow level'd principally against her yet whether push't on by the greatness of her spirit or the blindness of her Fate or rather seduc'd by affording an ear as well to the treacherous counsel of her enemies as unto the pernicious devices of her friends she was still busy in Intrigues for procuring her Liberty and particularly Queen Elizabeth had private informations from one Hart a Romish Priest that Dr. Allen a Popish Fugitive advanc'd by the Pope to the Cardinalate for the Popish Ecclesiasticks of England and Sir Francis Inglefeild for the Laity and the Bishop of Rosse for the Queen of Scotland had unanimously undertaken and with the authority of the Pope and consent of the King of Spain decreed that Q. Elizabeth should be deposed and the King of Scotland disinherited of the Kingdom of England as being both manifest and notorious Hereticks and the Queen of Scots to be married to some Catholick Nobleman who should be chosen King of England by the English Catholicks and the Election ratified by the Pope and the lawful issue of this man by the Queen of Scotland to be declared Successors to the Crown c. But these were only remote and vnfledg'd projects there was another dangerous Conspiracy somewhat of the same complexion nearer hand and almost ripen'd for execution which in the year 1586. happily for Queen Elizabeth but as to the Queen of Scots fatally discovered which in short was thus One Gifford a Dr. of Popish Divinity had perswaded one John Savage a man of great courage and blind zeal that it was a meritorious work to take away the lives of Princes excommunicated who thereupon made a solemn Vow to kill Queen Elizabeth To render his attempt more feasible and to rock the Queen and her Council into security that the danger might so much the more certainly overwhelm them by how much it was less apprehended the Jesuits and Seminary Priests publish't a Book exhorting the Roman Catholicks in England to attempt nothing against their Prince and to use only the Christian weapons prayers and tears c. In the mean time Savage waiting his opportunity one Ballard a Priest that had been contriving in France with Mendoza Paget and others about invading of England came over as a Soldier by the name of Captain Foscu and being not unacquainted with Savage's design communicated the same to Mr. Anthony Babington a Derby-shire Gentleman of an ancient Family Rich very handsom of an excellent Wit Learned above his years and a zealous Papist who having lately been abroad the Archbishop of Glasgow the Scottish Queens Ambassador had engag'd him with continual applauses of that Queens Vertue and Beauty and of promises of honours and preferments from her obscurely intimating no less than hopes of Marriage whereby the ambitious young man resolv'd to run all adventures to render himself capable of her good Graces nor was that Queen wanting to give encouragement by holding a correspondence with him by Letters in Cipher which though for some time interrupted by her removal from the Charge of the Earl of Shrewsbury to the Custody of Amias Paulet and Sir Drew Drury was yet renewed again some time after as by the Letters in the following Sheets appears Babington being thus inform'd of Savage's Vow resolving to have the murder of Queen Elizabeth effectually perform'd would needs associate Five more with him for that attempt and also drew in divers other Popish Gentlemen no less fiery zealous than himself into the Conspiracy as Edward Windsor Brother to the Lord Windsor Thomas Salisbury of a good Family in Denbyshire Charles Tilney of an ancient worshipful House the only hope of his Family and one of the Gentlemen-Pensioners to Queen Elizabeth the last Two being lately reconciled to the Church of Rome by the said Ballard Chidiock Tichburn of Hampshire Edward Abington whose Father had been Cofferer to the Queen Robert Gage of Surry John Travers and John Charnock of Lancashire John Jones whose Father had been Tailor to Queen Mary one Barnwell of an honourable Family in Ireland Henry Dun a Clerk in the First-Fruits-Office and several others but those that were to assassinate Queen Elizabeth were the before-named Savage Abington Barnwell Tilney and Tichburn the Conspirators were all Sworn to Secrecy and had several Consults as in Pauls-Church St. Giles in the Fields and in divers Taverns and proceeded to that vanity that they had also their Pictures drawn to the Life all in one Table with Babington in the midst thus Circumscrib'd Hi mihi sunt Comites quos ipsa pericula jungunt But that Verse being thought too plain they removed it and instead thereof inserted this Motto Quorsum haec alió properantibus The Plot being thus laid to murder Queen Elizabeth and at the same instant to free the Queen of Scots Forrein Forces to land Rebels at home ready to joyn with them and all things in so forward a posture it will be convenient to observe how this desperate Contrivance was brought to nought The before-mentioned Gifford the Priest born in Stafford-shire not far from Chartley where the Queen of Scotland was kept was sent over about this time by the Fugitives into England under the counterfeit name of Luson to remember Savage of his Oath and secrerly to convey Letters to and fro between the Queen and her Correspondents which for some time he performed for by corrupting a Brewer belonging to Amias Paulet at a hole in a Wall into which a stone was put so that it might be taken out he secretly sent in and receiv'd back Letters but the said Gifford whether troubled in conscience or corrupted with bribes or terrified through fear or which I esteem more probable appointed so to do that he might precipitate the Queen to destruction disclosed the whole Intrigue to Secretary Walsingham and communicated to him all the Letters that either way he receiv'd who unseal'd and Copied them and then by the rare skill of one Phillips found out a Key to the Ciphers and by the dexterity of one Gregory sealed them up again so that they could not be perceiv'd to have been open'd and then dispatch't them away as directed Queen Elizabeth by this means having notice of the storm that hung over her head thought fit to prevent it in time and when Walsingham would have suffered them to have proceeded further the Queen refused lest as she said in not taking heed of danger when she might she should seem more to

of her Letters do write thus Per le expresse Secretaries Nave Curle Comaundement de la Royen ma Matresse By the special Commandment of the Queen my Mistress Nave and Curle being asked whether it were their Hands she confessed that she knew it to be their Hands and that Curle Queen of Scots Confession was an honest Man but she would not be judged by him and that Nave was the King's Secretary of France and that he had been Secretary to the Cardinal of Guyse But when she said she knew not Babington nor Ballard my Lord Treasurer Lord Treasurer said Madam I will tell you whom you know You know Morgain who hired Parry to kill the Queen and after you knew it you gave him a Pension Madam you give Pensions to Murtherers Then she said He hath lost all for my sake but you give Pentions in Scotland against me to my Son Queen of Scots The Lord Treasurer said The Queen because the Revenues of the Lord Treasurer Crown are diminished giveth the King a Benevolence being her Kinsman The Second Day at her first coming she renewed her Protestation Second Day Queen of Scots saying I am A Sacred and Anointed Queen and ought not to be judged by the Law I am A Free Prince and owe no more to any Prince than they owe to me I come hither for the Justification of my Honour and that which is laid to my charge that I should do against my Sister Her Oration was very long and of many things I like not said she to take this Course though I desire the Catholicks should be delivered out of their Persecution I had rather play the part of Hester than of Judith to pray for my people than to take any other way to deliver my People God forbid that I should deserve to be denied of Jesus Christ before his Father They gave it out that I was of no Religion for there was a time when I tender'd my self but they cared not for my Soul But my Lords when you have done all that you can and put me from that I should have yet you shall not obtain your Cause of Mary Steward And here she wept and blubbered that they could not conceive her speech I desire said she that another Assembly may be called where She wept I may have my Council I appeal to God first who is the Just Judge and She desireth another Assembly to Princes my Allies Here my Lord Treasurer said Madam We have set down your Protestations under a Notaries Hand and we have protested that your Protestation Lord Treasurer be not prejudicial to the Crown of England The Queen said Indeed My Lord you take no Commission but that Queen of Scots may serve your own turn you have done the worst you can I have often offered if I might be at liberty that I would do all duty and labour to quench the Troubles that are made but I could not be heard I was made believe that I should be at liberty and I promised Hostages for my Security my own Son and my Cousin Guise his Son The Lord Treasurer answered it is true the Queen was contented and so was the Council you offered Hostages as you say But it is as true that Lord Treasurer the Lords of Scotland would not consent that the King should come The Queen said But I told you that if I might be at liberty I would Queen of Scots effect it Madam said the Lord Treasurer the Queen shall set you at liberty and you shall seek her destruction for all this practice of your Enlargement Lord Treasurer was nothing else but a Plot against the Queen for even then when it was adoing your Man Morgan hired Parry to kill the Queen Morgan a Traitor hired Parry to kill the Queen Qu. of Scots Ld. Treasurer Qu. of Scots My Lord quoth she you are my Enemy No said my Lord Treasurer I am Enemy to the Queen's Enemies Was it not reported said the Queen of Scots that the Queen of England should never be free from Practices until I were set at liberty and I therefore desired that the occasion might be taken away Then was read a Letter to Mendoza the Spanish Ambassador wherein Mendoza she promised to give the King of Spain the Kingdoms of England and Scotland if her Son would not be reclaimed from that Heresie wherein she said he was misled There was also sent a Letter to Doctor Allin wherein she calleth him Dr. Allin Reverend Father in God and dealeth with him about the Invasion and his Letter to her also There was read her Letters to the Lord Paget Charles Paget and Lord Paget Charles Paget Sir Francis Englefield Sir Francis Englefield In every of which Letters she saith she hath given direction to the Catholicks on this side for a Dispatch Here she being pressed with Truths of the Conspiracy and because her own Man had sworn it she said she thought he made no Conscience of an Qu. of Scots Oath given him Hereat the whole House murmured concerning the giving away the Murmuring of the Lords Kingdom of England to the King of Spain Writing to Mendoza she adviseth him thus Let not this be known for if it should it would be in France the Loss of my Dowry in Scotland the Breach with my Son and in England my total Destruction Here Mr. Sollicitor remembred the Lords that if a Forein Prince had Mr. Sollicitor the Kingdom as she would assign it what should become of their Dignities and Estates Madam said my Lord Treasurer The Succession of the Crown who soever hath it cannot give it to a Forein Prince it must go by the Laws Lo. Treasurer of the Realm to a natural English Man born Your Enemies in Scotland threatned to kill you and Her Majesty said she would then revenge it and so your Life was assured At her first rising up she talked long with the Lord Treasurer coming to She talketh with the Lord Treasurer Mr. Vice-Chamberlain Mr. Secretary and the Earl of Warwick him to his Seat after to Mr. Vice-chamberlain and Mr. Secretary excusing her self to them and used great Insinuations to persuade them She said to the Earl of Warwick that she had heard that he was an Honourable Gentleman desiring him not to believe all things he heard of her and also she desired him to commend her to my Lord of Leicester saying that she wished him good Success in his Affairs To the Judges and Lawyers she To the Judges and Lawyers said I pray God bless me from you you have sore Hands over them that be under you And to Mr. Phillips Thou never readest any good for me and so Mr. Phillips the Lords brake up their sitting on Saturday October 15. 1586. at One of Lds. break up the Clock in the Afternoon and adjourned the Commission to the Star-Chamber The

the Duke was one of the Commissioners for the hearing of the Cause betwixt the late Scottish Queen and the Lords of Scotland at which time the Duke took an Oath to deal directly therein and to weigh uprightly both the occasions and answers wherein notwitstanding he dealt indirectly and partially thereby committing Perjury and disclosing the Queens Secrets if he will deny it then we will prove it Then said the Duke The Case hath divers parts cleane out of the Compass of Treason Then said Mr. Barnham I require Duke Barnham Duke knowledge if he knew the Claiming of the Crown The Duke did here digress and answered not directly Wherefore the Lord Steward said Lord Steward Your Lordship must answer directly And after upon the urging of Barnham and the Queens Attorney The Duke confessed the Claim but not the Continuance Then Barnham shewed the continuance by her Refusal Barnham hitherto to acknowledge the Queens Majesty to be Lawful Queen and that she hath not yet Renounced her Claim and yet you have so far dealt with her as being the Queens Commissioner to hear the matters you opened to her the occasions you gave her instructions how she might deal that the matters might not come to light and you conferred with the Bishop of Rosse about the same for proof whereof was shewed the Examination of Rosse taken the Sixth day of November 1571 declaring that the Duke uttered Bishop of Rosse unto him all that he understood of the matter and promised what help he could but he spoke nothing of the Marriage but referred all to Liddington who caused the Duke to stay the Conference and shewed her good will And how he was sent to accompany the Earl of Murrey and to convey the Scottish Queens Letters away and to counterfeit others and this was proved by a Letter of the Bishop of Rosses to the Scottish Queen where he shewed that the Duke did Advertise him that he went about to discredit the Scottish Queen with the people of England that he might be the less able to attempt any thing against the Queen of England To this matter the Duke answered at large That Liddington onely moved the Marriage unto him which he at that time refused and that he Duke told the Bishop of Rosse that he could not deal to take up the matter and therefore to what end should he utter any thing to him he only shewed it would only turn to his dishonour and that he should never be able to win it out And then he prayed that Rosse might be brought presently before him Then was shewed a Letter of the Bishop of Rosses wherein it was contained that whereas it was appointed that the Earl of Murrey should have been murthered in the North going from Hampton Court to Scotland Now because the Duke had communed with the Earl of Murrey at Hampton Court touching the same matter and had his Assent thereunto the murther should be stayed There was also a Letter of the Dukes shewed moving the marriage at that time and that it should be for the benefit of the whole Island And yet the Duke when the Rumour was spread that he went about to marry the Scottish Queen as one seeming to be much offended therewith came to the Queen and shewed her thereof and found much fault with the said Rumour and said he misliked her for her former Life And that the whole Revenue of the Crown of Scotland the Charges Deducted was not so good as his living in England and that he thought himself as good a Prince in his bowling Alley at Norwich as if he were King of Scotland All this was affirmed by Mr. Barnham That he heard the Queens Majesty her self speak it and by the Dukes Examination taken the Sixth Affirmations of Barnham day of November 1571. It is evident Also he said it was further shewed that at Tichfield he had special Commandment not to proceed in that Marriage any further and that contrary to that Commandment he had proceeded and yet the Duke himself had conceived an evil Opinion of her and had declared unto Banister that Banister he thought verily the Scotish Queen was privy to the murther of her Husband All these things were affirmed by Barnham to prove that the proceeding in this Marriage could be for no other cause but to Aspire to the Crown Then said the Duke This Year is very far fetched to prove the deprivation Duke of the Queen and the destruction of her Person Then said Mr. Barnham to come somewhat near it is not unknown that you have gone about to procure it by force and to have conspired to Barnham take the Tower this being true you must needs go about the distruction of the Queens person For the Jealousie of a Kingdom is such as will not suffer them to live that would hinder the same And at the same time the Duke departed into Norfolk to levy a Force Also there was Read a Letter written by the Duke to the Scotish Queen that proved the Negotiating the said marriage And there was as also Read many ill Letters of the Scotish Queens sent to Bothwell whereby it could not be that he pretended the Marriage for love of the Queen of Scots but for the Crown of England As touching the taking of the Tower the Duke said that Owen Hopton Duke Owen Hopton Servant to a Noble man of the Realm Earl of Penbrook came to him and advised him to take the Tower which he disliked Then said Barnham why did you then afterwards Consult with the Earl of Penbrook touching the same matter Who discomforted you therein Then said the Duke what do you gather thereof Barnham said they use not to Cut Vines while they be green that would have Duke them grow again Barnham There was also shewed further That whereas the Queens Majesty desired to have the Scotish Queen and certain Castles in her Possession and the Rebels delivered unto her The Duke gave advise to the Scotish Queen to the contrary and against the Queen of England Also he was charged That he went about to procure the Scotish Queen to be stolen away and that after his Submission wherein he promis'd under his Hand and Seal never to deal in that matter of the Marriage again There was also shewed a Provision which he shewed to one Robert Hickford Hickford which was proved by the Examination of Hickford to whom he shewed the same terming it a foolish Gawd. Then said the Duke you may perceive I did not esteem of it when I Duke termed it a foolish Gawd. Then was brought forth one Candish who was Sworn in this manner The Evidence that you shall give to the Peers and Nobles here assembled Candish his Evidence shall be the Troth and the whole Troth so help you God and the Holy Contents of this Book The effect of his Evidence was That being at South-Hampton with the Duke and