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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A53074	A new method, and extraordinary invention, to dress horses, and work them according to nature as also, to perfect nature by the subtility of art, which was never found out, but by ... William Cavendishe ...	Newcastle, William Cavendish, Duke of, 1592-1676.	1667 (1667)	Wing N887; ESTC R18531	135,086	431

A NEW METHOD AND Extraordinary Invention TO DRESS HORSES AND WORK Them according to NATVRE AS ALSO To Perfect Nature by the Subtilty of Art Which was never found out but by THE Thrice Noble High and Puissant PRINCE William Cavendishe Duke Marquess and Earl of Newcastle Earl of Ogle Viscount Mansfield and Baron of Bolsover of Ogle of Bertram Bothal and Hepple Gentleman of His Majesties Bed-chamber One of His Majesties most Honourable Privy-Councel Knight of the most Noble Order of the Garter His Majesties Lieutenant of the County and Town of Nottingham and Justice in Ayre Trent-North Who had the honour to be Governour to our most Glorious King and Gracious Soveraign in His Youth when He was Prince of Wales and soon after was made Captain General of all the Provinces beyond the River of Trent and other Parts of the Kingdom of England with Power by a special Commission to make Knights LONDON Printed by Tho. Milbourn in the Year 1667. To His most Sacred MAJESTY Charles the Second By the Grace of God King of Great Britain France and Ireland Defender of the Faith c. May it please Your Majesty MY First Book of Horse-manship Printed in French had the honour of Your Patronage and I presume again to Dedicate this Second in English to Your Majesty who being not only the greatest Monarch in Christendome but a King that loves Justice and Truth can best judge of Books which contain I dare say the perfect and only Truth of Horse-manship My Duty and particular Affection to Your Person are sufficient Motives to me to consecrate not Books only but my self and mine and all that belongs to us to Your Majesties service But besides that Your Favours to me are so many and so great That what I am and have ought justly to be sacrificed to Your Will and Pleasure as Yours wherein I joy more than if it was mine Your Wisdom Sir Valour and Conduct makes all Your Neighbours confess That Your Majesty is the most Glorious King that ever Reign'd And that God will prosper You in all Your great Actions and give Your Majesty an happy and long Reign to the joy and comfort of all Your Loyal Subjects is both heartily Wish'd and fervently Pray'd for by Your Majesties most Obedient Creature William Newcastle TO THE READERS HAving past the greatest part of my long Exile at Antwerp one of the finest Cities in the World whose Inhabitants are deservedly Famous for their extraordinary Civilities to Strangers of which I must acknowledge to have receiv'd a great many from them I did during that time Publish in French a Book of Horse-manship and having again since my Return to my Native Country had much leisure in my solitary Country Life to recollect my Thoughts and try new Experiments about that Art I now for the more particular Satisfaction of my Country-men Print this second Book in English which being neither a Translation of the first nor an absolutely necessary Addition to it may be of use by it self without the other as the other hath been hitherto and is still without this but both together will questionless do best I cannot mention Antwerp upon the score of my Book but I must also take notice of the Honour I have receiv'd there from many Noble great Persons who did me the favour to see my Mannage and of the things they was pleased to say upon occasion of what they saw there which will be in lieu of Encomiums in the behalf of Horses and of Horse-manship very proper in this place When I had the honour to wait on Don John of Austria at Antwerp brought to him by my Lord of Bristol his Highness was pleas'd to use me extreme Civilly and to ask both then and at several other times for my Book of Horse-manship before it was Printed and to receive it with great Satisfaction when I presented his Highness with One But he did not see my Horses which in above 20. Coaches all the Spaniards of his Court went to my Mannage to see with many Noble-Men of Flanders as the Duke of Ascot and others before whom I Rid my self three Horses and my Esquier five Being return'd to Don John He ask'd them Whether my Horses was as Rare as their Reputation was Great To which they answer'd That my Horses was such that they wanted nothing of Reasonable Creatures but Speaking And the Marquess of Seralvo Master of the Horse to his Highness and Governour of the Castle of Antwerp told his Highness That he had ask'd me What Horses I lik'd best And that I had answer'd There were Good and Bad of all Nations but that the Barbes were the Gentlemen of Horse-kind and Spanish-Horses the Princes Which Answer did infinitely please the Spaniards And it is very true That Horses are so as I said The Marquess of Carasena was so civilly earnest to see me Ride that he was pleas'd to say It would be a great Satisfaction to him to see me on Horse-back though the Horse should but Walk And seeing that no Excuses would serve though I did use many I was contented to satisfie his so obliging a Curiosity and told him I would obey his Commands though I thought I should hardly be able to Sit in the Saddle Two dayes after he came to my Mannage and I Rid first a Spanish-Horse called Le Superbe of a Light-Bay a beautiful Horse and though Hard to be Rid yet when he was Hitt Right he was the Readiest Horse in the World He went in Corvets forward backward sidewayes on both Hands made the Cross perfectly upon his Voltoes and did Change upon his Voltoes so Just without breaking Time that no Musitian could keep Time better and went Terra a Terra Perfectly The second Horse I Rid was another Spanish Horse call'd Le Genty and was Rightly named so for he was the finest Shap'd Horse that ever I saw and the neatest A Brown-Bay with a White-Star in his Forehead No Horse ever went Terra a Terra like him so just and so easie And for the Piroyte in his Length so just and so swift that the Standers by could hardly see the Rider's Face when he went And truly when he had done I was so Dizzey that I could hardly Sit in the Saddle He went also so exactly in Corvets forwards as no Horse can goe better and yet he had no great Strength whence it appears That a Horse of Agility Lightness Spirit Well-temper'd and of a good Disposition is much better than a Horse that hath only Strength And that a most mighty and great Dutch-Brewer's Horse wanting Spirit and Agility can never goe well in the Mannage The third and last Horse I Rid then was a Barbe that went a Metz-Ayre very High both Forward and upon his Voltoes and Terra a Terra And when I had done Riding the Marquess of Carasena seem'd to be very well satisfied and some Spaniards that were with him cross'd themselves and cried Miraculo Many French Gentlemen and Persons

of the greatest Quality of that Nation did me the favour to see my Horses and the Prince of Conde himself with several Noble-men and Officers was pleased to take the pains to goe twice to my Mannage And though the French think That all the Horse-manship in the World is in France yet one of them and he a very great Man in his Country was heard say directing his Speech to me Par Dieu Monsieur il est bien hardi qui monte devant vous And another said at another time Il n'y a plus de Segnieur comme vous en Angleterre Among many great Persons of which the vast Country of Germany affords abundance who for the most part delight to travel the Landgrave of Hesse did not only do me the honour to Visit me and see my Horses but being return'd to his Country was pleased to shew by a very kind Letter That he had not forgotten me nor the Love he had observed I have for Horses being pleased to promise He would send me two of his own Breed but soon after he was Kill'd in the Warrs the King of Swede made with the King of Poland As poor as I was in those dayes I made shift to buy at several times four Barbes five Spanish-Horses and many Dutch-Horses all the most Excellent Horses that could be and among them a Grey Leaping-Horse the most beautiful that ever I saw and who went exceeding High and Just in Leaps without any Help at all as also upon the Ground and Terra a Terra beyond all other Horses and he did look as if he had been above the Rate of Horse-kind The Duke of Guise hearing of him Two Gentlemen a French-Rider and an Englishman wrote to me That if I would part with him the Duke of Guise would give me 600. Pistolls for him but he was Dead three dayes before I receiv'd their Letter and had he Liv'd I would not have taken any Money for him for he was above Price And besides I was then too great a Beggar to think to be made Rich by the Sale of a Horse I have bestow'd many Thousands of Pounds in Horses and have given many but never was a good Horse-Courser Selling being none of my Professions The KING Himself who is an Excellent Judge both of Men and Business of Things of Use and of Recreation of Necessity and of Ornament did like that Horse very well And having had the Honour when I was His Governour to be the first that Sate Him on Horse-back and did instruct Him in the Art of Horse-manship it is a great Satisfaction to me to make mention here of the Joy I had then to see That His Majesty made my Horses goe better than any Italian or French-Riders who had often Rid them could do And to hear Him say That there are very few that Know Horses Which was Knowingly said and wisely judg'd of His Majesty It being very certain That all Men undertake to Ride them but very few Know them or can tell what they are good for It would fill a Volume to repeat all the Commendations that were given to Horses and to Horse-manship by several worthy Gentlemen of all Nations High and Low-Dutch Italians English French Spaniards Polacks and Swedes in my own private Riding-House at Antwerp which though very large was often so full that my Esquier Capt. Mazin had hardly Room to Ride But these few already spoken of will serve very well instead of all And after I have given an Account That I have divided this whole Book in four Parts and every Part in many Sections and Paragraphs wherein I never intended to observe any exact Method I beseech my Readers to take in good part That I have however set down as clearly as I could without the Help of any other Logick but what Nature hath taught me all the Observations about Horses and Horse-manship which I have made by a long and chargeable though I must needs say very pleasant and satisfactory Experience And so Farewell THE NEW METHOD AND Extraordinary Invention TO DRESS HORSES THE FIRST PART Of the several Authors that have Written of Horse-manship both Italians French and English THis Noble Art was first begun and Invented in Italy and all the French and other Nations went thither to learn the seate of Horse-manship being at Naples The first that ever Writ of it was Frederick Grison a Neapolitan and truly he Writ like a Horse-man and a great Master in the Art for those times Henry the Eighth sent for two Italians that were his Schollars to come to him into England and of one of them came all our Alexanders and their Schollars fill'd the Kingdom with Horse-men Sir Philip Sidney brought an Italian Rider one Signior Romano to teach his Nephew William Lord Herbert afterwards Earl of Pembrook and the same Sir Philip Sidney brought also over an other Italian Rider call'd Signior Prospero The old Earle of Leicester sent for an Excellent Rider out of Italy call'd Signior Claudio Curtio who writ a Book of Horse-manship and is quoted by several Italian Writers but I think that very much of his Book is stolen out of Grison Laurentius Cussius is another Author none of the best with Horrible Bitts Then there is Cesar Fieske who hath writ a Book much out of Grison too where he meddles with Musick There is another Book of Horse-manship call'd Gloria del Cavallo with long discourses and much out of Grison There is another Italian Book of Horse-manship call'd Cavallo Frenato de Pietro Antonio a Neapolitan much stolen out of Grison But his Book consists most of Bitts to little purpose though they seem to be Great Curiosities But the most Famous man that ever was in Italy was at Naples a Neapolitan call'd Signior Pignatel but he never Writ Monsieur La Broue Rid under him five years Monsieur De Pluvinel nine years And Monsieur St. Anthoine many years The Liberty which is the best for Bitts at this Day we call A La Pignatel These three aforementioned French-men that Rid under Signior Pignatel fill'd France with French Horse-men which before were fill'd with Italians Monsieur La Broue I believe was the First that ever Writ of Horse-manship in the French Language and the first French-man that ever Writ in that Art His Book is very Tedious many Words for little Matter and his first Book is absolutely all Stolen out of Grison and his second Book from Pignatell's Lessons But La Broue to seem wiser than he was and to make up a Book divides a Circle into so many parts to bring a Horse to a whole Circle that it confounds a Horse more and is harder for him than to Work him upon a whole Circle at first And for Broue's third Book of Bitts there is no great Matter in it As for Pluvinel no doubt but he was a Good Horse-man but his Invention of the Three Pillars of which his Book Pretends to be an absolute Method is no

Little Spanish Horses for a Great Price And he sayes and many others Confirm it for a great Truth That Three Hundred and Four Hundred Pistols for a Horse is a common Price and Rate at Madrid And the Marquess of Seralvo told me That a Spanish Horse called Il Bravo sent to the Arch-Duke Leopold his Master was held Worth as much as a Manner of a Thousand Crowns a Year and that he hath known Horses at Seven Hundred Eight Hundred and a Thousand Pistols A Gentleman told me that he knew a Cavalier in Spain who offered another Three Hundred Pistols but to let him Ride his Horse one Afternoon and the Owner had Reason to Refuse it for it was to go to the Juego de Toros where he might have been Killed many of the Finest Horses in the World being Killed at that Sport which is the greatst Pity that can be You see that a Spanish Horse is Dear Ware and then Reckon his Journey from Andalozia to Bilbo or St. Sebastien which is the next Port for England and is Four Hundred Miles at least and a Horse cannot Travel above Ten Miles a day with your Groom and your Farrier at least besides the Casualty of Lameness Sickness and Death so that if he come Safe to you yet he will be a very Dear Horse I assure you And These are great Truths of the Spanish Horse Of the BARB THe Barb is next to the Spanish Horse for Wisdom but not neer so Wise and that makes him much Easier to be Drest Besides he is of a Gentle Nature Docil Nervous and Leight He is as Fine a Horse as can be but somewhat Slender and a little Lady-like and is so Lazy and Negligent in his Walk as he will Stumble in a Bowling-Green he Trots like a Cow and Gallops Low and no Action in any of those Actions But commonly he is Sinewy and Nervous and hath a clean Strength is excellently Winded and good at Length to Endure great Travel and very Apt to Learn and Easie to be Drest being for the most part of a good Disposition excellent Apprehension Judgment and Memory and when he is Searcht and Wakened no Horse in the World goes Better in the Mannage in all Ayres whatsoever and Rarely upon the Ground in all Kinds The Mountain-Barbs they say are the Best I believe they are the Largest but for my part I rather desire a Midling Horse or a Less Horse which are Cheap enough in Barbery as I have been Informed both by many Gentlemen and many Merchants for they say that in Barbery you may Buy a very Fine Barb for Twenty Twenty Five or Thirty Pounds at the most but then your Journey is somewhat Great not by Sea for from Tunis to Marselles in France is no great Voyage but from Marselles to Calais by Land you go all the Length of France and at Calais they are Shipt for England You must have an excellent Esquier a Farrier and one Groom and Hire other Grooms as you Go but take heed That those Mean Rogues Run not Away with some of your Horses and because there is no Trusting of them your English Farrier and your English Groom must alwayes Lie in the Stable and none of those Fellows but the Gentleman of your Horse which ought to be a Good Horse-man must order that Carefully If you would go another Way to work and a Shorter Voyage then send into Languedoc and Provence where many Gentlemen Buy Barbs of two three and four Years old at Marselles and Keep them two or three Years and then Sell them which Barbs you may Buy for Forty or Fifty Pistols a Piece and as Fine Horses as can be But he whom you Send must be very Skilful to chuse Well and to take heed that They be Right Barbs For I have Heard that many in those Countries about Marselles when many Barbs come out of Barbery thrust in Colts of their own Breed amongst them for Barbs and so Sell them When I was at Paris there came Twenty Five Barbs as they said nothing but Skin and Bones and they were Sold for Twenty Five Pistols a Horse My Lord Viscount Mountague bought Nine as I Remember for I was with him and helpt to Chuse some for him and one of them did Win Many Matches But truly if I had had a Million I would not have Bought one of them for they were very Ordinary Horses Nor do I think they were Right Barbs neither by their Shape nor Price but Bred in some Islands there-abouts for if a Man be at Great Charges I would either have an Extraordinary Horse or None I had lately a Letter from a Horse-man at Paris a French-Man that gives me Intelligence of Horses That a Merchant at Paris had two Barbs the Finest that ever he saw Six Years old a piece but not Drest at all and held them at Two Hundred Pistols a piece By which you may see that Right Barbs and Fine ones are very Dear as all Good Things are The Barb is not so Fit a Horse for a Stallion for the Mannage as for Running-Horses for he Gets Long and Loose Horses therefore do not Breed of him for the Mannage except he be a Short Horse from the Head to the Croup strong Ramase and Racoursy and of a Superfluity of Spirit which few Barbs have and therefore Breed of a Spanish Horse with Choise English Mares and if you have a Delicate well-chosen Dutch Mare or two that makes an excellent Composition for the Mannage I am of Opinion and Believe that there never came out of Barbery The best Horses that Country affords not but that they may be had But the Case is this Those that bring Barbs out of Barbery are either French Horse-Coursers that Trade in Barbery or Merchants To begin with the Horse-Coursers They alwayes Buy those Horses that are Cheapest for their Advantage For if they Bought of Great Prices it would not quit Cost and so they Buy the Worst and Meanest of Barbs And as for the Merchants They want Skill Besides they will Buy the Cheapest too for their Advantage because they know not Well how to put off Horses of Price and so they Buy but the Worst and Meanest of Barbs which makes me Believe absolutely that the Best Barbs do not come Over For did not I see dayly at Antwerp the Horse-Coursers of Brabant and Flanders that go into England every Year to Buy Horses that they bring Over the Meanest and Worst Horses and Geldings that are in the Kingdom and meerly to Buy at Easie Rates that they may put them Off with Advantage For if they should Buy in England Horses of One Hundred One Hundred and Fifty and Two Hundred Pounds a Horse which Price hath been Given both at Malten and Pankrich Fayres those Great Prices would not go off there where Money is so Scarce and so they would be Undone and therefore they Buy of Small Prices Of The ENGLISH HORSE THe English Horse is Less Wise than