frederic_n augustus_n the_o present_a king_n of_o poland_n the_o history_n of_o poland_n in_o several_a letter_n to_o person_n of_o quality_n give_v a_o account_n of_o the_o present_a state_n of_o that_o kingdom_n viz._n historical_a political_n physical_a and_o ecclesiastical_a the_o form_n of_o government_n the_o king_n power_n court_n and_o revenue_n the_o senate_n senators_z and_o other_o officer_n the_o religion_n diet_n and_o little_a diet_n with_o other_o assembly_n and_o court_n of_o justice_n the_o inter-regnum_fw-la election_n and_o coronation_n of_o a_o king_n and_o queen_n with_o all_o the_o ceremony_n the_o present_a condition_n of_o the_o gentry_n and_o commonalty_n as_o likewise_o the_o genius_n character_n language_n custom_n manner_n military_a affair_n trade_n and_o riches_n of_o the_o pole_n together_o with_o a_o account_n of_o the_o city_n of_o dantzic_n the_o origin_n progress_n and_o present_a state_n of_o the_o teutonic_n order_n and_o the_o succession_n of_o all_o its_o great_a master_n likewise_o the_o present_a state_n of_o learning_n natural_a knowledge_n practice_n of_o physic_n and_o diseale_v in_o poland_n and_o last_o a_o succinct_a description_n of_o the_o duchy_n of_o curland_n and_o the_o livonian_a order_n with_o a_o series_n of_o the_o several_a duke_n and_o provincial_a master_n to_o this_o be_v also_o add_v a_o table_n for_o each_o volume_n and_o a_o sculpture_n of_o the_o diet_n in_o session_n with_o some_o memoirs_fw-fr from_o baron_fw-fr blomberg_n vol._n ii_o by_o bernard_n connor_n m._n d._n fellow_n of_o the_o royal_a society_n and_o member_n of_o the_o college_n of_o physician_n who_o in_o his_o travel_n in_o that_o country_n collect_v these_o memoir_n from_o the_o best_a author_n and_o his_o own_o observation_n compose_v and_o publish_a by_o â—ir_n savage_a london_n print_v for_o daâ—_n brown_a without_o templ-bar_n '_o and_o a._n roper_n and_o t._n leigh_n both_o in_o il_fw-fr et-street_n 1698._o d_o r._n connor_n '_o saint_n preface_n in_o my_o preface_n to_o the_o first_o volume_n of_o this_o historical_a relation_n of_o poland_n i_o have_v mention_v my_o incapacity_n for_o matter_n of_o this_o nature_n both_o because_o i_o be_v only_o twelve_o month_n in_o that_o kingdom_n and_o because_o i_o have_v no_o talon_n or_o genius_n for_o history_n i_o think_v write_v it_o by_o way_n of_o letter_n in_o imitation_n of_o some_o of_o our_o neighbour_n will_v be_v more_o easy_a to_o myself_o and_o more_o acceptable_a to_o the_o public_a i_o be_o proud_a to_o have_v this_o happy_a occasion_n of_o give_v the_o honourable_a person_n i_o write_v to_o so_o public_a a_o testimony_n of_o my_o respect_n i_o be_o sorry_a in_o the_o same_o time_n i_o can_v have_v leisure_n to_o honour_v myself_o in_o write_v to_o the_o noble_a person_n mention_v in_o the_o second_o volume_n as_o i_o have_v have_v in_o the_o first_o i_o follow_v a_o profession_n so_o remote_a from_o history_n particular_o a_o polish_v one_o that_o it_o neither_o allow_v i_o time_n nor_o leave_v i_o any_o inclination_n to_o attend_v any_o other_o business_n i_o hope_v notwithstanding_o the_o person_n i_o promise_v to_o write_v to_o will_v be_v please_v to_o excuse_v i_o for_o not_o be_v able_a to_o keep_v my_o word_n to_o they_o as_o i_o flatter_v myself_o i_o can_v since_o the_o ingenious_a gentleman_n i_o desire_v to_o undertake_v this_o work_n will_v give_v they_o the_o same_o satisfaction_n he_o have_v already_o assist_v i_o in_o my_o first_o volume_n and_o have_v have_v all_o my_o memoirs_fw-fr for_o this_o second_o the_o ancient_n and_o present_a state_n of_o poland_n part_n ii_o the_o present_a state_n letter_n i._n to_o his_o grace_n thomas_n lord_n archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n of_o the_o form_n of_o the_o government_n in_o poland_n and_o of_o the_o king_n power_n court_n and_o revenue_n my_o lord_n that_o high_a station_n wherewith_o the_o king_n have_v recompense_v your_o merit_n and_o the_o great_a trust_v his_o majesty_n have_v repose_v in_o your_o grace_n during_o his_o absence_n show_v his_o confidence_n in_o your_o ability_n as_o well_o to_o govern_v the_o state_n as_o the_o church_n since_o therefore_o be_v late_o invest_v with_o a_o share_n of_o the_o regal_a authority_n you_o have_v occasion_n to_o know_v more_o intimate_o our_o king_n power_n and_o prerogatives_n i_o think_v myself_o oblige_v to_o give_v your_o grace_n a_o account_n of_o those_o of_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n to_o the_o end_n that_o compare_v both_o together_o you_o may_v more_o sensible_o perceive_v the_o excellency_n of_o our_o own_o constitution_n which_o make_v the_o greatness_n of_o the_o king_n inseparable_a from_o the_o interest_n of_o the_o people_n for_o when_o the_o executive_a power_n be_v as_o vigilant_a to_o see_v our_o law_n obey_v as_o the_o legislative_a have_v be_v provident_a in_o make_v they_o england_n can_v just_o boast_v of_o a_o much_o great_a happiness_n than_o either_o poland_n or_o any_o other_o kingdom_n of_o europe_n 1698._o have_v my_o lord_n not_o be_v a_o full_a twelve_o month_n at_o the_o late_a king_n of_o poland_n court_n i_o can_v pretend_v to_o be_v thorough_o acquaint_v with_o that_o kingdom_n yet_o i_o find_v that_o like_o most_o other_o country_n it_o have_v undergo_v several_a change_n in_o its_o constitution_n since_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o vith_o century_n at_o which_o time_n it_o begin_v to_o be_v a_o distinct_a nation_n during_o the_o reign_n of_o the_o two_o great_a house_n of_o piastus_n and_o jagello_n poland_n ever_o since_o the_o time_n of_o lechus_n its_o founder_n the_o king_n thereof_o have_v be_v elect_v to_o the_o crown_n after_o a_o hereditary_a manner_n though_o not_o by_o a_o hereditary_a title_n they_o have_v real_o be_v absolute_a and_o their_o will_n go_v for_o a_o law_n for_o than_o they_o make_v peace_n and_o war_n when_o they_o please_v levy_v as_o many_o troop_n as_o they_o think_v fit_a punish_v or_o pardon_v at_o pleasure_n and_o reward_v where_o they_o see_v convenient_a and_o all_o the_o administration_n either_o of_o public_a or_o private_a affair_n be_v so_o whole_o lodge_v in_o the_o king_n hand_n that_o i_o have_v hear_v the_o pole_n themselves_o say_v that_o sigismond_n ii_o 1574._o the_o last_o king_n of_o the_o jagellonic_a family_n be_v to_o the_o full_a as_o absolute_a as_o either_o the_o king_n of_o france_n or_o denmark_n be_v now_o whilst_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n thus_o maintain_v thereby_o a_o supreme_a power_n over_o their_o subject_n they_o exceed_o enlarge_v their_o dominion_n be_v both_o fear_v abroad_o and_o belove_v at_o home_n command_v potent_a and_o numerous_a army_n into_o the_o field_n execute_v most_o erterprise_n speedy_o and_o be_v almost_o always_o sure_o of_o success_n and_o this_o because_o they_o do_v not_o then_o as_o now_o depend_v upon_o the_o linger_a determination_n and_o tedious_a conclusion_n of_o a_o turbulent_a diet._n but_o the_o family_n of_o jagello_n be_v once_o extinct_a by_o the_o death_n of_o sigismond_n ii_o who_o have_v resign_v his_o kingdom_n to_o the_o senate_n and_o polish_v gentry_n and_o give_v they_o full_a power_n and_o authority_n to_o dispose_v thereof_o as_o they_o think_v fit_a the_o crown_n of_o poland_n be_v anew_o declare_v elective_a to_o the_o end_n that_o all_o the_o prince_n of_o christendom_n who_o have_v due_a merit_n and_o qualification_n may_v have_v a_o right_a to_o aspire_v thereunto_o gentry_n this_o give_v occasion_n to_o most_o of_o the_o prince_n of_o europe_n ever_o since_o to_o court_v the_o polish_v nobility_n after_o their_o king_n death_n and_o that_o either_o to_o get_v the_o succeed_a election_n determine_v in_o their_o own_o favour_n or_o else_o to_o have_v some_o of_o their_o friend_n advance_v to_o that_o great_a dignity_n but_o this_o most_o common_o rather_o with_o regard_n to_o their_o own_o private_a interest_n than_o out_o of_o any_o respect_n to_o the_o person_n they_o desire_v to_o promote_v as_o the_o house_n of_o austria_n and_o bourbon_n have_v always_o practise_v thereupon_o the_o gentry_n of_o poland_n therefore_o observe_v that_o several_a prince_n at_o a_o time_n always_o aspire_v to_o their_o crown_n and_o consider_v that_o not_o one_o of_o they_o have_v more_o right_o than_o the_o rest_n as_o likewise_o that_o it_o lay_v altogether_o in_o their_o power_n to_o choose_v who_o they_o please_v resolve_v unanimous_o to_o elect_n none_o but_o such_o as_o shall_v condescend_v nay_o swear_v to_o observe_v the_o term_n and_o condition_n they_o propose_v prince_n hereby_o the_o pole_n by_o degree_n have_v clip_v and_o limit_v the_o ancient_a power_n of_o their_o king_n and_o have_v reduce_v they_o to_o the_o bound_n we_o now_o find_v they_o to_o have_v that_o be_v bare_o to_o a_o three_o part_n of_o the_o grand_a diet_n for_o the_o pole_n know_v very_o well_o that_o no_o prince_n will_v be_v so_o imprudent_a as_o to_o scruple_n submit_v to_o
any_o condition_n to_o become_v master_n of_o so_o considerable_a a_o kingdom_n to_o which_o he_o have_v no_o right_a either_o by_o birth_n or_o other_o claim_n and_o more_o especial_o since_o these_o condition_n be_v neither_o rigorous_a nor_o dishonourable_a but_o such_o as_o be_v decent_o consistent_a with_o the_o regal_a character_n he_o be_v to_o be_v invest_v with_o republic_n thus_o the_o polish_v gentry_n of_o a_o kind_n of_o monarchical_a government_n have_v in_o time_n make_v a_o perfect_a republic_n consist_v of_o three_o order_n the_o king_n senate_n and_o gentry_n which_o they_o call_v the_o nobility_n poland_n here_o my_o lord_n i_o must_v take_v notice_n to_o your_o grace_n that_o the_o polish_v nation_n be_v divide_v into_o two_o sort_n of_o people_n the_o gentry_n or_o freeborn_a subject_n who_o be_v hardly_o a_o ten_o part_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o the_o vassal_n who_o be_v no_o better_a than_o slave_n to_o the_o gentry_n for_o they_o have_v no_o benefit_n of_o the_o law_n can_v buy_v no_o estate_n nor_o enjoy_v any_o property_n no_o more_o than_o our_o negro_n in_o the_o west-indies_n can_n and_o this_o because_o some_o age_n since_o the_o common_a people_n revolt_a against_o their_o lord_n and_o have_v drive_v they_o out_o of_o the_o nation_n the_o gentry_n come_v with_o a_o foreign_a power_n and_o reduce_v they_o to_o a_o great_a subjection_n than_o before_o in_o which_o they_o have_v be_v keep_v ever_o since_o so_o that_o the_o government_n of_o poland_n at_o present_a comprehend_v only_o the_o king_n and_o gentry_n by_o a_o gentleman_n or_o nobleman_n of_o poland_n be_v understand_v a_o person_n who_o either_o himself_n or_o his_o family_n have_v a_o possession_n in_o land_n for_o they_o never_o intermarry_v with_o the_o common_a people_n all_o the_o gentry_n from_o the_o king_n son_n to_o those_o that_o be_v but_o only_a master_n of_o a_o acre_n of_o land_n be_v equal_o noble_a both_o by_o their_o birth_n and_o the_o constitution_n of_o the_o kingdom_n for_o no_o body_n be_v bear_v either_o a_o palatine_n senator_n or_o lord_n but_o those_o title_n be_v always_o annex_v to_o certain_a employment_n which_o the_o king_n only_o give_v to_o person_n advance_v in_o age_n and_o recommend_v by_o their_o merit_n diet._n the_o diet_n of_o poland_n in_o some_o respect_n resemble_v our_o parliament_n be_v make_v up_o of_o two_o house_n the_o house_n of_o senator_n answerable_a to_o our_o house_n of_o lord_n and_o the_o house_n of_o nuncio_n not_o unlike_o our_o house_n of_o commons_o the_o senator_n be_v the_o bishop_n palatine_n castellan_n and_o the_o ten_o great_a officer_n of_o the_o crown_n in_o all_o about_o 142._o in_o the_o upper-house_n the_o senator_n sit_v not_o by_o any_o writ_n of_o summons_n or_o letter_n patent_n as_o in_o england_n but_o only_o by_o virtue_n of_o the_o great_a preferment_n in_o the_o king_n gift_n which_o they_o enjoy_v for_o life_n so_o that_o the_o king_n whole_o constitute_v the_o upper_a house_n but_o the_o low_a be_v the_o representative_n of_o the_o gentry_n elect_v by_o they_o alone_o in_o their_o respective_a province_n without_o the_o concurrence_n of_o the_o common_a people_n who_o have_v no_o privilege_n to_o vote_n in_o their_o election_n insomuch_o that_o at_o least_o nine_o part_n in_o ten_o of_o the_o people_n of_o poland_n be_v exclude_v from_o have_v any_o share_n in_o the_o government_n power_n the_o grand_a diet_n of_o poland_n be_v nothing_o else_o but_o the_o king_n senators_z and_o deputy_n assemble_v together_o in_o any_o part_n of_o the_o kingdom_n that_o his_o majesty_n command_v without_o this_o great_a assembly_n of_o the_o state_n the_o king_n can_v neither_o make_v nor_o repeal_n law_n declare_v war_n nor_o conclude_v a_o peace_n make_v no_o alliance_n with_o any_o foreign_a prince_n raise_v neither_o troop_n nor_o tax_n coin_v no_o money_n and_o in_o a_o word_n can_v determine_v no_o matter_n of_o state_n of_o any_o importance_n without_o the_o universal_a consent_n and_o concurrence_n of_o this_o parliament_n which_o they_o term_v the_o free_a state_n of_o poland_n government_n several_a powerful_a motive_n have_v incline_v the_o pole_n to_o establish_v this_o kind_n of_o mix_a government_n which_o they_o take_v to_o be_v a_o just_a temperament_n of_o whatever_o be_v to_o be_v find_v most_o excellent_a in_o the_o several_a monarchy_n aristocracy_n and_o democracy_n that_o have_v be_v in_o the_o world_n the_o most_o considerable_a of_o which_o motive_n as_o i_o have_v meet_v with_o they_o in_o their_o history_n or_o learn_v they_o from_o the_o most_o know_v among_o their_o native_n be_v as_o follow_v motive_n first_o they_o think_v by_o this_o judicious_a choice_n of_o a_o government_n to_o preserve_v their_o kingdom_n from_o those_o disorder_n which_o most_o common_o attend_v absolute_a monarchy_n agree_v herein_o with_o that_o prince_n of_o philosopher_n aristotle_n who_o though_o he_o prefer_v this_o kind_n of_o government_n to_o all_o other_o yet_o be_v he_o nevertheless_o oblige_v to_o own_o that_o when_o ever_o it_o degenerate_v it_o be_v the_o most_o pernicious_a of_o all_o thus_o the_o pole_n have_v temper_v the_o exorbitant_a power_n of_o their_o king_n with_o the_o mixture_n of_o two_o other_o government_n whereby_o they_o think_v to_o secure_v their_o liberty_n a_o thing_n always_o most_o dear_a to_o they_o from_o the_o arbitrary_a will_n of_o a_o prince_n who_o by_o imagine_v himself_o above_o the_o law_n may_v fancy_n whatever_o his_o passion_n prompt_v he_o to_o allowable_a and_o his_o true_a interest_n to_o be_v the_o entire_a subjection_n of_o his_o people_n the_o miserable_a example_n of_o their_o neighbour_n the_o turk_n and_o moscovite_n have_v sufficient_o convince_v they_o of_o this_o truth_n wherefore_o the_o polish_v nation_n think_v it_o but_o convenient_a to_o limit_v the_o excessive_a power_n of_o their_o king_n and_o confine_v they_o to_o rule_v with_o more_o moderation_n and_o justice_n motive_n second_o the_o pole_n have_v observe_v as_o well_o from_o their_o own_o government_n as_o from_o that_o of_o their_o neighbour_n that_o no_o small_a disadvantage_n have_v flow_v from_o a_o aristocracy_n they_o can_v not_o be_v persuade_v but_o that_o the_o authority_n of_o one_o person_n be_v infinite_o more_o easy_a to_o be_v tolerate_v than_o that_o of_o many_o for_o that_o either_o the_o ambition_n or_o jealousy_n of_o such_o will_v often_o disturb_v the_o repose_n and_o tranquillity_n of_o the_o public_a poland_n also_o begin_v to_o reflect_v upon_o its_o former_a misery_n under_o its_o woievod_n when_o it_o be_v deplorable_o rend_v and_o tear_v by_o the_o faction_n among_o those_o palatine_n insomuch_o that_o even_o while_o it_o become_v a_o conqueror_n from_o without_o it_o be_v vanquish_v within_o and_o that_o by_o its_o own_o force_n this_o give_v the_o pole_n no_o small_a dislike_n to_o a_o aristocracy_n which_o they_o have_v resolve_v never_o more_o to_o admit_v among_o they_o motive_n the_o three_o reason_n of_o state_n which_o have_v oblige_v the_o pole_n to_o reject_v a_o democracy_n be_v that_o they_o look_v upon_o that_o sort_n of_o government_n to_o be_v the_o most_o dangerous_a of_o all_o be_v the_o easy_a inflame_v and_o the_o great_a enemy_n to_o true_a nobility_n its_o first_o maxim_n be_v to_o procure_v a_o universal_a level_v or_o make_v all_o alike_o whereby_o under_o the_o notion_n of_o a_o common_a liberty_n they_o weaken_v and_o enervate_v those_o great_a genius_n which_o be_v design_v to_o govern_v and_o protect_v they_o how_o then_o can_v it_o be_v expect_v that_o the_o descendants_n of_o those_o mighty_a warrior_n who_o found_v the_o polish_v nation_n and_o have_v so_o long_o maintain_v the_o honour_n of_o it_o by_o their_o valour_n shall_v submit_v to_o have_v their_o blood_n debase_v by_o mix_v it_o with_o the_o ignoble_a vulgar_a the_o tyranny_n of_o law_n which_o the_o noble_n be_v subject_v to_o in_o a_o absolute_a commonwealth_n will_v be_v too_o rude_a a_o check_n to_o this_o ambition_n which_o the_o pole_n have_v always_o have_v to_o command_v over_o their_o vassal_n and_o therefore_o they_o have_v always_o entertain_v a_o secret_a odium_n for_o those_o grecian_a republic_n that_o banish_v their_o great_a statesman_n mere_o because_o they_o will_v not_o have_v they_o gain_v too_o fast_o upon_o the_o affection_n of_o the_o people_n if_o any_o shall_v perhaps_o doubt_v of_o the_o pernicious_a consequence_n of_o a_o popular_a government_n where_o reason_n do_v not_o so_o much_o reign_v as_o a_o unruly_a violence_n of_o a_o people_n who_o know_v no_o other_o law_n than_o those_o of_o their_o passion_n let_v they_o cast_v their_o eye_n on_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o roman_a empire_n who_o be_v often_o ready_a to_o overturn_v the_o state_n have_v not_o the_o senate_n speedy_o apply_v a_o prudent_a remedy_n but_o there_o be_v other_o example_n more_o modern_a as_o the_o revolt_n
starostaship_n after_o the_o death_n of_o those_o that_o enjoy_v they_o if_o the_o king_n chance_n to_o die_v before_o the_o queen_n have_v this_o reformation_n assign_v she_o than_o the_o republic_n give_v she_o a_o yearly_o pension_n out_o of_o the_o crown-revenue_n but_o this_o no_o long_o than_o she_o continue_v unmarried_a or_o stay_v in_o the_o realm_n for_o otherwise_o in_o both_o those_o case_n the_o queen_n regent_n get_v it_o or_o else_o it_o revert_v to_o the_o state_n it_o may_v be_v observe_v that_o the_o queen_n regent_n never_o come_v by_o it_o without_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o diet_n and_o that_o be_v no_o ordinary_a expense_n to_o she_o to_o procure_v by_o purchase_v almost_o all_o the_o vote_n of_o that_o mercenary_a assembly_n this_o may_v be_v see_v in_o the_o case_n of_o the_o present_a queen-dowager_n for_o when_o the_o queen_n her_o predecessor_n marry_v the_o duke_n of_o lorraine_n she_o observe_v that_o the_o settlement_n of_o her_o pension_n be_v like_a to_o be_v put_v off_o to_o the_o succeed_a diet_n which_o be_v convene_v only_o once_o in_o three_o year_n think_v it_o better_a to_o be_v at_o the_o charge_n of_o gain_v their_o vote_n at_o that_o session_n than_o to_o lose_v three_o year_n income_n this_o revenue_n be_v general_o compute_v at_o half_a a_o million_o polish_v which_o amount_v to_o about_o thirty_o thousand_o english_a pound_n as_o long_o as_o the_o queen-dowager_n enjoy_v this_o pension_n the_o queen-regent_n can_v have_v none_o for_o the_o pole_n say_v that_o it_o will_v be_v too_o much_o to_o pension_n two_o queen_n at_o once_o respect_n though_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n have_v many_o important_a employment_n to_o distribute_v yet_o his_o power_n be_v always_o limit_v in_o the_o distribution_n of_o they_o for_o he_o can_v name_v any_o of_o his_o child_n no_o nor_o so_o much_o as_o the_o queen_n to_o any_o charge_v either_o ecclesiastical_a or_o temporal_a sigismond_n iii_o have_v a_o mind_n to_o give_v his_o queen_n constantia_n two_o starostaship_n vacant_a by_o the_o death_n of_o queen_n anne_n who_o die_v in_o the_o year_n 1625._o all_o the_o gentry_n oppose_v it_o by_o a_o great_a uproar_v in_o the_o diet_n and_o maintain_v vigorous_o that_o a_o king_n of_o poland_n ought_v not_o to_o part_v with_o any_o office_n without_o their_o consent_n neither_o can_v he_o purchase_v any_o land_n for_o they_o in_o any_o part_n of_o the_o kingdom_n without_o consent_n of_o the_o diet_n although_o the_o late_a king_n buy_v several_a vast_a territory_n in_o other_o people_n name_n both_o in_o russia_n prussia_n and_o almost_o all_o over_o the_o kingdom_n and_o beside_o purchase_v a_o principality_n of_o the_o emperor_n in_o silesia_n for_o prince_n james_n his_o elder_a son_n but_o the_o pole_n have_v long_o since_o discover_v the_o secret_a pretend_a when_o i_o be_v at_o warsaw_n that_o all_o those_o land_n must_v come_v to_o the_o crown_n after_o the_o king_n death_n some_o of_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n also_o have_v be_v so_o kind_a as_o to_o part_v with_o their_o prerogative_n in_o ecclesiastical_a matter_n so_o that_o now_o they_o retain_v only_o the_o collation_n of_o benefice_n as_o for_o the_o foundation_n of_o monastery_n whatever_o power_n the_o king_n may_v have_v leave_v to_o erect_v they_o they_o must_v always_o be_v confirm_v by_o the_o three_o order_n of_o the_o state_n the_o king_n of_o poland_n be_v likewise_o limit_v in_o divers_a other_o respect_n for_o he_o can_v neither_o increase_v nor_o diminish_v the_o number_n of_o officer_n either_o of_o his_o court_n or_o the_o kingdom_n nor_o name_v any_o stranger_n that_o be_v not_o naturalize_v to_o any_o charge_n or_o government_n only_o in_o the_o foot_n army_n and_o there_o too_o such_o a_o person_n can_v pretend_v to_o no_o more_o than_o to_o be_v a_o captain_n or_o at_o most_o a_o colonel_n this_o may_v appear_v by_o the_o example_n of_o stephen_n batori_n who_o have_v have_v considerable_a service_n do_v he_o by_o the_o hungarian_n in_o the_o war_n against_o the_o moscovite_n he_o think_v it_o but_o reasonable_a to_o prefer_v some_o of_o they_o for_o recompense_n which_o extreme_o incense_v the_o pole_n and_o particular_o the_o grand_a general_n so_o much_o that_o he_o immediate_o thereupon_o resign_v his_o staff_n it_o be_v also_o out_o of_o the_o king_n power_n to_o advance_v some_o native_n for_o all_o citizen_n merchant_n tradesman_n and_o their_o son_n countryman_n labourer_n and_o general_o all_o artificer_n be_v not_o only_o by_o the_o constitution_n of_o the_o kingdom_n exclude_v from_o preferment_n which_o the_o king_n have_v the_o nomination_n of_o but_o also_o have_v not_o liberty_n either_o of_o buy_v or_o enjoy_v land_n or_o estate_n preferment_n it_o be_v then_o the_o nobility_n alone_o or_o freeborn_a of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o poland_n the_o great_a duchy_n of_o lithuania_n or_o of_o the_o other_o province_n incorporate_v into_o that_o monarchy_n that_o can_v pretend_v to_o any_o preferment_n in_o the_o republic_n wherefore_o the_o aforesaid_a king_n batori_n think_v to_o advance_v his_o nephew_n by_o reason_n he_o have_v no_o child_n design_v to_o get_v they_o naturalize_v in_o the_o diet_n hold_v the_o thirteen_o of_o december_n 1586_o but_o be_v prevent_v by_o death_n it_o must_v withal_o be_v understand_v that_o it_o be_v not_o every_o one_o of_o these_o that_o can_v aspire_v or_o lay_v claim_n to_o every_o preferment_n but_o only_o such_o as_o have_v land_n or_o estate_n in_o the_o kingdom_n the_o great_a duchy_n or_o any_o other_o incorporate_v province_n where_o the_o preferment_n lie_v for_o a_o freeborn_a native_a of_o the_o kingdom_n though_o he_o have_v a_o estate_n in_o it_o yet_o can_v be_v a_o governor_n of_o a_o city_n in_o lithuania_n nor_o have_v any_o kind_n of_o employment_n there_o without_o a_o settle_a estate_n in_o that_o country_n but_o the_o advantage_n that_o all_o freeborn_a native_n have_v be_v that_o they_o can_v buy_v a_o estate_n throughout_o the_o whole_a extent_n of_o the_o dominion_n of_o poland_n power_n there_o be_v another_o inconvenience_n which_o very_o much_o prejudices_fw-la and_o limit_n the_o king_n power_n and_o the_o public_a interest_n of_o the_o whole_a commonwealth_n for_o wherever_o a_o noble_a pole_n be_v once_o name_v to_o a_o preferment_n and_o be_v in_o actual_a possession_n of_o it_o let_v he_o commit_v never_o so_o many_o crime_n against_o the_o crown_n or_o state_n he_o can_v never_o be_v deprive_v of_o his_o employ_v or_o turn_v out_o of_o it_o without_o the_o unanimous_a consent_n of_o the_o diet_n but_o shall_v continue_v in_o the_o same_o for_o life_n even_o against_o a_o the_o will_n of_o the_o diet_n if_o he_o have_v but_o one_o member_n on_o his_o side_n who_o will_v protest_v against_o the_o proceed_n for_o the_o negative_a voice_n of_o a_o member_n of_o the_o diet_n of_o poland_n have_v the_o same_o force_n with_o a_o negative_a of_o a_o king_n of_o england_n in_o parliament_n thereby_o this_o pernicious_a constitution_n occasion_n many_o trouble_n and_o animosity_n for_o it_o encourage_v unruly_a and_o mutinous_a people_n to_o disturb_v the_o commonwealth_n officer_n never_o serve_v the_o republic_n faithful_o treasurer_n arè_v thereby_o embolden_v to_o give_v no_o account_n of_o the_o public_a revenue_n the_o general_n of_o the_o army_n and_o governor_n of_o province_n and_o town_n do_v as_o they_o think_v fit_a and_o most_o common_o mind_v their_o own_o private_a affair_n more_o than_o the_o interest_n of_o the_o republic_n in_o a_o word_n though_o the_o pole_n term_v this_o constitution_n the_o great_a mark_n of_o their_o liberty_n it_o inevitable_o ruin_v the_o foundation_n of_o the_o whole_a state_n and_o every_o one_o see_v what_o bad_a consequence_n must_v and_o do_v necessary_o follow_v from_o this_o excessive_a liberty_n or_o rather_o libertinism_n of_o every_o private_a officer_n of_o the_o kingdom_n respect_n my_o lord_n this_o great_a privilege_n of_o the_o ofcer_n make_v they_o pay_v more_o than_o ordinary_a respect_n to_o the_o king_n before_o they_o be_v dignify_v and_o court_v he_o to_o give_v they_o a_o charge_v which_o he_o can_v never_o afterward_o take_v away_o moreover_o this_o power_n of_o the_o king_n be_v to_o name_n such_o of_o the_o qualify_v nobility_n as_o best_o please_v he_o to_o these_o important_a employment_n keep_v all_o the_o gentry_n in_o a_o great_a dependence_n on_o he_o for_o the_o design_n of_o the_o republic_n in_o lodging_n the_o nomination_n of_o officer_n in_o the_o king_n hand_n be_v that_o he_o shall_v take_v care_n to_o confer_v they_o on_o those_o that_o have_v best_o deserve_v they_o by_o their_o service_n either_o in_o peace_n or_o war_n and_o exclude_v such_o from_o they_o as_o have_v be_v stubborn_a mutinous_a and_o unserviceable_a to_o the_o state_n another_o reason_n that_o make_v the_o king_n respect_v be_v the_o natural_a ambition_n
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lucky_a necessity_n to_o breed_v they_o up_o to_o all_o royal_a virtue_n and_o this_o to_o the_o end_n that_o it_o may_v render_v they_o more_o accomplish_v and_o worthy_a to_o be_v elect_v for_o where_o they_o be_v satisfy_v that_o the_o crown_n be_v not_o due_a to_o their_o blood_n but_o to_o their_o merit_n what_o will_v either_o the_o father_n or_o son_n omit_v to_o obtain_v it_o by_o the_o most_o glorious_a mean_n my_o lord_n officer_n i_o have_v hitherto_o present_v your_o grace_n with_o what_o relate_v to_o the_o form_n of_o government_n in_o poland_n and_o to_o the_o king_n power_n and_o revenue_n i_o will_v now_o give_v a_o particular_a account_n of_o the_o king_n court_n be_v it_o not_o like_a to_o that_o of_o other_o prince_n as_o to_o splendour_n and_o number_n of_o officer_n for_o beside_o the_o great_a crown-officer_n as_o the_o two_o great_a and_o little_a marshal_n as_o many_o chancellor_n and_o vicechancellor_n two_o general_n and_o two_o great_a and_o little_a 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preside_v over_o domestic_a affair_n in_o the_o queen_n court._n her_o marshal_n or_o steward_n be_v to_o carry_v the_o staff_n before_o she_o and_o her_o chancellor_n or_o secretary_n to_o write_v sign_n receive_v and_o answer_v all_o her_o letter_n there_o be_v her_o treasurer_n who_o manage_n her_o revenue_n her_o master_n of_o the_o horse_n cupbearer_n carver_n sewer_n clerk_n of_o the_o kitchen_n etc._n etc._n for_o woman_n servant_n she_o have_v her_o lady_n maid_n of_o honour_n dresser_n etc._n etc._n when_o she_o go_v in_o public_a she_o be_v always_o attend_v by_o a_o great_a number_n of_o she_o own_o sex_n court._n it_o may_v not_o be_v here_o amiss_o to_o add_v something_o of_o the_o court_n of_o the_o inter-rex_a or_o primate_n and_o so_o i_o will_v conclude_v while_o the_o archbishop_n of_o gnesna_n have_v the_o administration_n of_o the_o government_n he_o have_v much_o the_o same_o officer_n with_o the_o king_n but_o when_o he_o have_v lay_v down_o that_o authority_n 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the_o king_n reside_v have_v a_o right_a to_o sit_v at_o the_o council-board_n for_o fear_v notwithstanding_o that_o there_o shall_v not_o be_v always_o senator_n sufficient_a for_o that_o purpose_n at_o court_n the_o senate_n always_o depute_v four_o of_o their_o member_n to_o attend_v the_o king_n person_n by_o turn_n and_o that_o not_o only_o to_o give_v he_o advice_n but_o likewise_o to_o inspect_v into_o his_o conduct_n and_o to_o prevent_v he_o from_o act_v contrary_a to_o the_o law_n for_o the_o king_n and_o council_n be_v accountable_a to_o the_o diet_n for_o any_o mismanagement_n in_o the_o government_n in_o short_a the_o genius_n of_o the_o polish_v nation_n and_o the_o whole_a frame_n of_o their_o constitution_n be_v entire_o bend_v to_o curb_n the_o king_n power_n and_o to_o secure_v their_o law_n and_o prerogative_n against_o the_o encroach_a faction_n of_o foreign_a prince_n or_o of_o their_o own_o court-party_n i_o may_v here_o my_o lord_n add_v a_o great_a many_o
more_o particular_n relate_v to_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n but_o this_o be_v what_o i_o think_v most_o material_a to_o be_v mention_v and_o what_o i_o can_v only_o learn_v in_o so_o small_a a_o time_n as_o i_o have_v live_v in_o that_o country_n i_o beg_v your_o grace_n pardon_n for_o tire_v your_o patience_n with_o so_o long_a and_o imperfect_a a_o account_n and_o desire_v my_o lord_n you_o will_v receive_v this_o at_o least_o as_o a_o testimony_n of_o my_o good_a will_n of_o satisfy_v your_o curiosity_n and_o of_o own_v your_o many_o favour_n to_o my_o lord_n your_o grace_n most_o obedient_a servant_n bernard_n connor_n the_o follow_a letter_n intend_v at_o first_o to_o be_v write_v by_o dr._n connor_n be_v compile_v by_o mr._n savage_n the_o doctor_n not_o have_v leisure_n to_o attend_v they_o from_o his_o practice_n letter_n ii_o to_o his_o grace_n henry_n duke_z of_o norfolk_z earl_n marshal_n of_o england_n of_o the_o senate_n and_o senator_n of_o poland_n both_o ecclesiastical_a and_o temporal_a with_o a_o account_n of_o the_o present_a religion_n in_o poland_n and_o lithuania_n as_o also_o of_o the_o state-officer_n and_o officer_n of_o district_n belong_v as_o well_o to_o the_o kingdom_n as_o the_o great_a duchy_n my_o lord_n your_o grace_n high_a birth_n and_o station_n in_o our_o government_n together_o with_o your_o primary_n right_o of_o suffrage_n in_o our_o house_n of_o lord_n entitle_v you_o in_o a_o superlative_a manner_n to_o the_o patronage_n of_o this_o letter_n wherefore_o i_o be_v glad_a to_o meet_v with_o a_o occasion_n so_o favourable_a to_o pay_v my_o duty_n to_o your_o grace_n and_o i_o can_v hearty_o wish_v it_o have_v be_v on_o a_o subject_a that_o i_o be_v more_o master_n of_o than_o in_o a_o account_n of_o a_o country_n which_o i_o never_o see_v yet_o that_o you_o may_v give_v some_o credit_n to_o the_o truth_n of_o my_o relation_n i_o dare_v humble_o assure_v you_o that_o i_o have_v mention_v nothing_o therein_o but_o what_o i_o either_o have_v out_o of_o dr._n connor_n memoir_n learn_v from_o his_o own_o mouth_n or_o draw_v from_o such_o book_n as_o both_o the_o doctor_n and_o other_o person_n of_o credit_n have_v own_a to_o be_v authentic_a and_o most_o correct_a my_o lord_n office_n the_o senate_n of_o poland_n be_v a_o order_n of_o noble_n between_o the_o king_n and_o common_a gentry_n establish_v to_o rule_n and_o govern_v according_a to_o law_n and_o to_o observe_v the_o conduct_n of_o the_o king_n and_o moreover_o they_o be_v to_o apply_v themselves_o to_o study_v the_o public_a good_a and_o the_o preservation_n of_o the_o privilege_n of_o the_o people_n it_o consist_v at_o present_a of_o a_o far_o great_a number_n of_o person_n than_o former_o oath_n it_o be_v the_o king_n that_o make_v every_o senator_n but_o who_o be_v once_o so_o make_v be_v to_o continue_v his_o office_n for_o life_n at_o the_o time_n of_o his_o creation_n he_o be_v oblige_v to_o take_v a_o solemn_a oath_n to_o conserve_v inviolable_a the_o right_n and_o liberty_n of_o the_o republic_n so_o that_o if_o the_o king_n himself_o have_v a_o mind_n to_o extend_v his_o power_n and_o authority_n beyond_o the_o limit_n prescribe_v he_o by_o the_o law_n every_o senator_n oath_n alone_o will_v oblige_v he_o to_o acquaint_v his_o majesty_n with_o due_a respect_n of_o his_o duty_n and_o obligation_n nay_o every_o nuncio_n in_o the_o grand_a diet_n assume_v this_o liberty_n for_o in_o that_o place_n dicunt_fw-la quae_fw-la sentiunt_fw-la &_o sentiunt_fw-la quae_fw-la velint_fw-la as_o may_v appear_v by_o a_o insolent_a affront_n put_v upon_o the_o late_a king_n john_n sobieski_n who_o have_v be_v call_v tyrant_n nero_n and_o many_o other_o opprobrious_a name_n by_o some_o of_o the_o deputy_n and_o not_o be_v able_a to_o bear_v it_o he_o start_v up_o and_o threaten_v they_o lay_v his_o hand_n on_o his_o sword_n that_o have_v he_o be_v the_o great_a general_n still_o he_o will_v have_v do_v something_o whereat_o one_o of_o they_o rise_v likewise_o and_o clap_v his_o hand_n to_o his_o sword_n reply_v and_o that_o sword_n will_v have_v do_v something_o too_o another_o passage_n i_o have_v read_v of_o lewis_n king_n of_o hungary_n and_o poland_n who_o have_v be_v base_o abuse_v in_o the_o diet_n stand_v up_o and_o cry_v si_fw-mi non_fw-la essem_fw-la rex_fw-la whereto_o the_o orator_n brisk_o reply_v si_fw-mi non_fw-la fuisses_fw-la rex_fw-la wherefore_o these_o senator_n be_v likewise_o bind_v to_o see_v that_o nothing_o be_v do_v against_o their_o privilege_n and_o therefore_o four_o of_o they_o be_v always_o depute_v to_o attend_v the_o king_n with_o their_o advice_n beside_o these_o four_o who_o be_v ever_o actual_o the_o king_n counsel_n any_o of_o the_o other_o in_o like_a manner_n have_v a_o right_a to_o assist_v at_o the_o council-board_n if_o they_o think_v fit_a travel_v the_o presence_n of_o these_o senator_n be_v look_v upon_o to_o be_v so_o absolute_o necessary_a for_o the_o good_a of_o the_o kingdom_n that_o not_o one_o of_o they_o can_v travel_v upon_o whatsoever_o account_n without_o leave_n of_o the_o republic_n 23._o this_o custom_n be_v take_v from_o the_o roman_n who_o not_o only_o forbid_v the_o senator_n but_o also_o their_o son_n to_o go_v beyond_o the_o verge_n of_o italy_n self_n this_o title_n of_o senator_n the_o king_n can_v bestow_v by_o itself_o but_o it_o be_v always_o annex_v to_o one_o of_o the_o four_o dignitys_n of_o bishop_n castellan_n or_o palatine_n the_o ten_o crown-officer_n all_o which_o the_o king_n name_n whereof_o palatine_n be_v lord-lieutenant_n of_o province_n castellan_n be_v governor_n who_o have_v not_o their_o name_n from_o castle_n as_o the_o word_n may_v reasonable_o import_v but_o from_o command_v a_o portion_n of_o a_o province_n in_o time_n of_o war._n the_o ten_o crown-officer_n be_v the_o marshal_n chancellor_n and_o treasurer_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o bishop_n preside_v over_o their_o several_a diocese_n with_o a_o ecclesiastical_a jurisdiction_n when_o any_o one_o be_v name_v a_o bishop_n palatin_n castellan_n or_o any_o of_o the_o ten_o officer_n of_o the_o crown_n he_o be_v immediate_o a_o senator_n without_o more_o ado_n office_n their_o business_n be_v to_o serve_v faithful_o the_o king_n and_o republic_n in_o the_o senate_n at_o home_o to_o administer_v justice_n by_o commission_n or_o otherwise_o and_o abroad_o with_o consent_n of_o the_o diet_n to_o exercise_v foreign_a ministry_n etc._n etc._n dignity_n these_o senator_n of_o poland_n value_v their_o dignity_n so_o high_o that_o they_o despise_v almost_o all_o other_o title_n of_o honour_n whatever_o and_o therefore_o when_o sigismond_n i._o go_v to_o vienna_n and_o the_o emperor_n offer_v the_o title_n of_o prince_n of_o the_o empire_n to_o the_o several_a senator_n that_o come_v along_o with_o he_o they_o absolute_o refuse_v they_o give_v for_o reason_n that_o be_v bear_v gentleman_n of_o poland_n and_o thereby_o have_v a_o right_a to_o treat_v either_o of_o peace_n or_o war_n with_o their_o king_n they_o believe_v it_o a_o injury_n to_o their_o dignity_n to_o have_v a_o prince_n of_o the_o empire_n think_v superior_a subdivision_n this_o senate_n consist_v either_o of_o ecclesiastical_a or_o secular_a member_n the_o ecclesiastical_a be_v either_o archbishop_n or_o bishop_n and_o be_v the_o chief_a member_n of_o the_o senate_n their_o number_n at_o present_a be_v but_o sixteen_o three_o of_o these_o bishopric_n be_v now_o in_o the_o enemy_n hand_n though_o they_o nevertheless_o have_v titular_a bishop_n viz._n smolensko_n and_o kiovia_n possess_v by_o the_o moscovite_n and_o caminiec_n enjoy_v by_o the_o turk_n so_o that_o there_o remain_v but_o thirteen_o bishopric_n actual_o in_o the_o king_n dominion_n of_o which_o but_o two_o be_v archbishopric_n viz._n those_o of_o gnesna_n and_o leopol_n when_o any_o of_o the_o aforesaid_a three_o bishopric_n be_v vacant_a there_o be_v always_o those_o ready_a that_o will_v beg_v their_o title_n mere_o to_o have_v the_o honour_n to_o sit_v as_o senator_n the_o several_a diocese_n belong_v to_o all_o poland_n these_o bishopric_n be_v archiepiscopal_a of_o gnesna_n and_o leopol_n episcopal_a of_o cracow_n cujavia_n and_o pomerania_n vilna_n posnan_n plocksko_n or_o plosko_fw-mi varmia_n luceoria_n or_o lucko_n premislia_n or_o premislaw_n samegitia_n culm_n chelm_fw-ge kiovia_n caminiec_n and_o smolensko_n subject_a to_o the_o two_o archbishop_n be_v the_o other_o bishop_n and_o first_o to_o the_o archbishop_n of_o gnesna_n be_v the_o several_a bishop_n of_o cracow_n vladislaw_n archbishop_n posnan_n plosko_fw-mi vilna_n varmia_n samogitia_n and_o culm_n and_o next_o to_o the_o archbishop_n of_o leopol_n be_v the_o bishop_n of_o chelm_fw-ge caminiec_fw-la luceoria_fw-la premislia_n and_o kiovia_n the_o archbishop_n of_o gnesna_n be_v not_o only_o state_n chief_a of_o the_o bishop_n but_o also_o of_o all_o the_o other_o senator_n of_o poland_n he_o be_v
king_n revenue_n arise_v within_o their_o district_n and_o may_v discount_n a_o four_o part_n for_o their_o trouble_n jurisdiction_n the_o starostas_fw-la without_o jurisdiction_n be_v those_o who_o be_v proper_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la they_o have_v no_o power_n to_o exercise_v justice_n unless_o in_o very_o slight_a case_n office_n burgraves_n and_o tribune_n have_v the_o custody_n of_o castle_n fort_n etc._n etc._n and_o be_v to_o keep_v constant_a guard_n there_o either_o by_o themselves_o or_o their_o deputy_n these_o be_v subject_a to_o the_o starostas_fw-la starostaship_n the_o revenue_n of_o starostaship_n partly_o arise_v from_o agriculture_n and_o partly_o from_o manufacture_n and_o handicraft_n they_o have_v be_v sometime_o know_v to_o have_v be_v mortgage_v to_o raise_v the_o king_n revenue_n more_o speedy_o especial_o those_o without_o jurisdiction_n what_o here_o likewise_o the_o officer_n of_o the_o mine_n call_v zuppars_n in_o polish_v may_v be_v take_v notice_n of_o who_o have_v divers_a officer_n and_o substitute_n under_o they_o the_o minor_a ecclesiastical_a and_o temporal_a officer_n and_o person_n of_o this_o kingdom_n be_v in_o all_o respect_n like_v to_o those_o of_o other_o nation_n i_o have_v purposely_o omit_v they_o thus_o my_o lord_n i_o have_v go_v through_o the_o several_a particular_n which_o i_o propose_v to_o entertain_v your_o grace_n and_o the_o public_a with_o yet_o at_o the_o same_o time_n can_v but_o be_v high_o sensible_a of_o my_o presumption_n in_o prefix_v your_o great_a name_n to_o so_o imperfect_a a_o account_n therefore_o hope_v your_o grace_n pardon_n upon_o a_o humble_a acknowledgement_n i_o beg_v leave_v to_o subscribe_v myself_o my_o lord_n your_o grace_n most_o obedient_a and_o most_o humble_a servant_n j._n s._n letter_n iii_o to_o the_o right_n honourable_a james_n vernon_n esq_n principal_a secretary_n of_o state_n of_o the_o grand_a diet_n little_a diet_n and_o other_o general_a assembly_n in_o poland_n with_o a_o account_n of_o all_o the_o several_a court_n of_o justice_n from_o the_o high_a to_o the_o low_a as_o likewise_o of_o the_o judge_n law_n and_o punishment_n in_o that_o kingdom_n sir_n a._n the_o present_a king_n in_o his_o throne_n bb._n the_o ten_o crown_n officer_n c._n the_o a_o bp._n of_o gnesna_n with_o the_o the_o cross_n bear_v behind_o he_o dddd_n the_o other_o ecclesiastical_a senator_n eeeee_o foreign_a ambassador_n admit_v only_o to_o the_o diet_n of_o election_n ffffff_n the_o palatine_n &_o castellan_n in_o the_o three_o row_v on_o each_o side_n gggggg_n the_o deputy_n s_o in_o the_o two_o back_n row_v on_o each_o side_n h._n the_o nuncio_n martial_n or_o speaker_n of_o deputy_n s._n four_o vacant_a seat_n for_o such_o other_o as_o be_v sometime_o admit_v 1._o the_o arm_n of_o poland_n 2._o the_o arm_n of_o lithuania_n sir_n be_v the_o grand_a diet_n or_o parliament_n of_o poland_n by_o the_o native_n call_v seym_n walny_n be_v a_o assembly_n of_o the_o king_n senators_z and_o nuncio_n or_o deputy_n of_o every_o province_n meet_v together_o in_o any_o city_n or_o town_n of_o poland_n or_o lithuania_n in_o order_n to_o deliberate_v upon_o state_n affair_n and_o the_o mean_n to_o secure_v and_o preserve_v the_o kingdom_n both_o in_o time_n of_o peace_n and_o war._n meet_a it_o be_v the_o king_n or_o during_o a_o inter_fw-la regnum_fw-la the_o primate_n who_o have_v the_o sole_a power_n of_o convoke_v this_o great_a assembly_n as_o likewise_o to_o determine_v the_o place_n where_o and_o the_o time_n when_o it_o shall_v sit_v by_o the_o constitution_n of_o the_o kingdom_n the_o king_n be_v oblige_v to_o call_v a_o diet_n every_o three_o year_n and_o of_o every_o three_o successive_o call_v two_o must_v be_v hold_v in_o poland_n most_o common_o at_o warsaw_n and_o the_o three_o in_o lithuania_n in_o the_o city_n of_o grodno_n in_o the_o palatinate_n of_o troki_n twenty_o league_n from_o vilna_n capital_a of_o this_o great_a duchy_n so_o that_o every_o nine_o year_n the_o king_n with_o all_o the_o senator_n and_o deputy_n of_o the_o kingdom_n go_v into_o lithuania_n and_o every_o three_o the_o senator_n and_o deputy_n of_o lithuania_n come_v into_o poland_n the_o reason_n of_o the_o diet_n be_v be_v hold_v in_o lithuania_n be_v because_o the_o lithuanian_n complain_v that_o it_o be_v not_o a_o little_a inconvenient_a for_o they_o to_o come_v so_o far_o as_o poland_n thereupon_o when_o the_o king_n have_v a_o mind_n to_o convoke_v this_o general_a meeting_n he_o be_v to_o send_v out_o circular_a letter_n six_o week_n before_o the_o time_n he_o appoint_v for_o its_o session_n by_o the_o constitution_n in_o the_o year_n 1613._o to_o all_o the_o palatine_n of_o the_o province_n acquaint_v they_o with_o his_o design_n together_o with_o the_o time_n he_o intend_v it_o shall_v meet_v he_o send_v they_o likewise_o a_o list_n of_o all_o the_o affair_n and_o article_n which_o be_v to_o be_v treat_v of_o in_o that_o diet._n whereupon_o every_o palatin_n or_o his_o deputy_n in_o his_o own_o respective_a government_n forthwith_o dispatch_v notice_n to_o all_o the_o castellan_n starostas_n and_o other_o gentry_n require_v they_o at_o a_o certain_a time_n to_o meet_v together_o in_o order_n to_o deliberate_v on_o the_o article_n and_o affair_n propose_v by_o the_o king_n letter_n as_o likewise_o to_o choose_v a_o nuncio_n or_o deputy_n to_o represent_v their_o intention_n and_o decision_n in_o the_o great_a diet._n these_o letter_n be_v proclaim_v by_o a_o herald_n call_v by_o the_o pole_n wozny_n and_o afterward_o past_v up_o upon_o all_o the_o town-gate_n and_o church-door_n these_o assembly_n in_o the_o province_n be_v term_v by_o they_o comitiola_n in_o the_o polish_v language_n seymiki_n or_o little_a diet_n in_o case_n of_o extremity_n six_o week_n notice_n need_v not_o be_v give_v as_o appear_v by_o the_o constitution_n of_o the_o year_n 1638._o meet_v the_o several_a place_n these_o little_a diet_n meet_v at_o be_v as_o follow_v poland_n in_o lower_n or_o great_a poland_n in_o the_o palatinate_v of_o posuan_n and_o kalisch_n siradia_n in_o the_o city_n and_o town_n of_o sroda_n schadkow_n in_o the_o castellany_n of_o vielunia_n in_o the_o city_n and_o town_n of_o vielun_n in_o the_o palatinate_v of_o lanschet_fw-mi bresty_n and_o inowlocz_n in_o the_o city_n and_o town_n of_o lanschet_fw-mi radzieiow_n appoint_a by_o the_o 257._o constitution_n in_o the_o year_n 1510._o in_o the_o palatinate_n of_o dobrina_n the_o little_a diet_n meet_v in_o the_o town_n of_o ripin_n appoint_a by_o the_o constitution_n in_o the_o year_n 1567._o in_o the_o palatinate_v of_o plosko_fw-mi rava_n in_o three_o place_n in_o the_o city_n &_o town_n of_o radzanow_n rava_n sochaczow_n gombin_n podlachia_n masovia_n in_o the_o province_n of_o podlachia_n in_o three_o place_n in_o the_o city_n and_o town_n of_o droghiczin_n mielnik_n bransko_n masovia_n in_o ten_o place_n in_o the_o city_n and_o town_n of_o cirna_n warsaw_n wisna_n wissegrod_n zakrol_n ciekanow_n lombze_n rozan_n liw_n and_o nur._n little-poland_n in_o the_o province_n of_o upper_a or_o little_o poland_n in_o the_o palatinate_n of_o cracovia_n in_o two_o place_n in_o the_o city_n and_o town_n of_o zator_n for_o the_o duchy_n of_o oswieczin_n and_o prossovia_n for_o the_o palatinate_n by_o the_o constitution_n of_o the_o year_n 1667._o in_o the_o palatinate_v of_o sendomir_n and_o lublin_n in_o the_o city_n &_o town_n of_o opatow_n and_o lublin_n lithuania_n in_o the_o great_a duchy_n of_o lithuania_n in_o the_o palatinate_v of_o vilna_n in_o four_o place_n in_o the_o city_n and_o town_n of_o vilna_n osmian_n wilcomitz_n braclaw_n troki_n in_o five_o place_n in_o the_o city_n and_o town_n of_o troki_n grodno_n cowno_n lida_n ponienwiez_n polocz_n in_o the_o city_n and_o town_n of_o polocz_n novogrodec_n in_o two_o place_n in_o the_o city_n and_o town_n of_o slonim_n wolkowizko_n witebsko_fw-mi in_o two_o place_n in_o the_o city_n and_o town_n of_o witebsko_n orska_n briescia_n or_o polesia_n in_o two_o place_n in_o the_o city_n and_o town_n of_o briescia_n pinsko_n mscislaw_n in_o the_o city_n and_o town_n of_o msceislaw_n minsk_n in_o three_o place_n in_o the_o city_n and_o town_n of_o minsk_n modzir_fw-it reczycza_fw-it prussia_n in_o the_o province_n of_o prussia_n in_o the_o palatinate_v of_o pomerania_n marienburg_n culm_n elbing_n in_o the_o city_n and_o town_n of_o imprimis_fw-la in_o all_o the_o district_n then_o in_o stargar-stuma_a die_v michalovia_n and_o graudentz_n elbing_n russia_n in_o the_o province_n of_o russia_n in_o the_o palatinate_v of_o russia_n in_o five_o place_n in_o the_o city_n and_o town_n of_o leopol_n praemislaw_n sanoch_n halitz_n chelm_fw-ge belsko_fw-mi podolia_n in_o the_o city_n and_o town_n of_o belsko_n caminiec_fw-la since_o caminiec_n be_v take_v by_o the_o turk_n its_o little_a diet_n meet_v at_o leopol_n in_o the_o palatinate_v of_o kiovia_n braclaw_n in_o the_o city_n and_o town_n of_o
declare_v war_n against_o any_o prince_n bring_v any_o foreign_a troop_n into_o the_o kingdom_n suffer_v no_o soldier_n to_o go_v out_o of_o it_o nor_o levy_v any_o new_a troop_n 6._o that_o all_o the_o field-officer_n shall_v be_v either_o pole_n or_o lithuanian_n or_o at_o least_o native_n of_o such_o province_n as_o depend_v upon_o the_o crown_n of_o poland_n 7._o that_o all_o the_o officer_n of_o his_o regiment_n of_o guard_n shall_v be_v likewise_o either_o pole_n or_o lithuanian_n that_o their_o colonel_n or_o chief_a commander_n shall_v be_v a_o polish_v nobleman_n and_o who_o shall_v take_v a_o oath_n of_o fidelity_n to_o the_o republic_n and_o that_o all_o the_o officer_n in_o general_n shall_v be_v subject_a to_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o grand_a marshal_n 8._o that_o as_o to_o affair_n which_o concern_v the_o republic_n he_o shall_v not_o make_v use_n of_o his_o privy-seal_n 9_o that_o in_o six_o week_n after_o any_o charge_n or_o office_n vacant_a he_o shall_v take_v care_n to_o bestow_v it_o on_o some_o worthy_a and_o well_o qualify_v polish_v gentleman_n and_o on_o no_o other_o 10._o that_o he_o will_v not_o confer_v on_o any_o one_o person_n the_o office_n benefice_n or_o dignity_n which_o the_o law_n of_o the_o kingdom_n prescribe_v to_o be_v enjoy_v by_o more_o 11._o that_o he_o will_v not_o marry_v but_o according_a to_o the_o law_n and_o with_o the_o consent_n and_o approbation_n of_o the_o senate_n who_o shall_v assign_v his_o queen_n that_o retinue_n only_o which_o they_o think_v fit_a and_o convenient_a violate_v this_o article_n king_n michael_n break_v when_o he_o marry_v eleonora_n the_o emperor_n sister_n without_o approbation_n of_o the_o senate_n but_o which_o nevertheless_o he_o afterward_o repent_v of_o for_o they_o murmur_v heavy_o against_o he_o and_o do_v not_o scruple_n to_o tell_v he_o to_o his_o face_n that_o he_o have_v violate_v his_o coronation-oath_n likewise_o when_o prince_n james_n the_o late_a king_n son_n marry_v the_o princess_n of_o newbourg_n the_o senate_n procure_v the_o king_n to_o send_v his_o own_o guard_n that_o no_o german_a guard_n may_v come_v into_o the_o kingdom_n 12._o that_o together_o with_o his_o council_n he_o will_v regulate_v the_o number_n of_o horse_n and_o foot_n which_o be_v necessary_a to_o the_o end_n that_o the_o republic_n may_v have_v no_o need_n of_o foreign_a troop_n nor_o be_v put_v to_o a_o unusual_a expense_n and_o that_o he_o will_v take_v care_n to_o preserve_v such_o good_a discipline_n among_o the_o soldier_n that_o they_o shall_v commit_v no_o disorder_n either_o in_o their_o quarter_n or_o their_o march_n 13._o that_o if_o it_o be_v necessary_a for_o the_o interest_n of_o the_o state_n to_o have_v a_o fleet_n that_o he_o shall_v build_v none_o without_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o gentry_n and_o advice_n of_o the_o senate_n 14._o that_o he_o will_v no_o way_n diminish_v the_o treasure_n reposit_v in_o the_o castle_n of_o cracow_n but_o will_v rather_o study_v to_o increase_v and_o augment_v it_o 15._o that_o he_o will_v borrow_v no_o money_n nor_o consent_n that_o any_o shall_v be_v borrow_a for_o his_o use_n without_o the_o knowledge_n and_o approbation_n of_o the_o diet_n 16._o that_o he_o will_v always_o administer_v justice_n by_o the_o advice_n of_o the_o senator_n and_o counsellor_n which_o attend_v he_o 17._o that_o for_o the_o expense_n of_o his_o table_n he_o shall_v be_v content_v with_o those_o revenue_n that_o have_v be_v grant_v by_o the_o republic_n to_o the_o king_n his_o predecessor_n and_o moreover_o that_o he_o shall_v enjoy_v they_o only_o for_o life_n 18._o that_o he_o shall_v not_o introduce_v any_o stranger_n of_o what_o rank_n or_o quality_n soever_o into_o his_o council_n and_o that_o he_o will_v bestow_v no_o office_n dignity_n or_o government_n upon_o they_o 19_o that_o for_o the_o preservation_n of_o his_o power_n and_o dignity_n he_o will_v not_o diminish_v or_o abrogate_v any_o of_o the_o office_n at_o his_o disposal_n either_o in_o the_o republic_n or_o court_n 20._o and_o last_o that_o he_o will_v inviolable_o keep_v maintain_v and_o defend_v and_o confirm_v by_o his_o letter_n patent_n all_o the_o right_n liberty_n immunites_n and_o privilege_n lawful_o grant_v by_o former_a king_n either_o to_o the_o pole_n or_o lithuanian_n or_o to_o any_o of_o the_o province_n which_o depend_v upon_o either_o of_o those_o two_o nation_n article_n to_o these_o article_n they_o common_o add_v several_a other_o which_o vary_v according_a to_o the_o circumstance_n of_o time_n or_o quality_n of_o the_o person_n elect_v king_n dr._n connor_n say_v when_o he_o be_v in_o poland_n he_o hear_v the_o pole_n say_v that_o at_o the_o next_o election_n they_o will_v make_v a_o law_n by_o which_o the_o king_n shall_v be_v oblige_v to_o reside_v always_o at_o warsaw_n which_o in_o a_o manner_n seem_v to_o be_v the_o centre_n of_o the_o kingdom_n the_o reason_n that_o make_v they_o think_v of_o this_o be_v because_o the_o late_a king_n almost_o always_o have_v a_o ambulatory_a court_n have_v no_o certain_a or_o fix_a residence_n or_o abide_v for_o sometime_o he_o live_v on_o his_o own_o estate_n in_o prussia_n and_o sometime_o in_o russia_n at_o zolkiew_n and_o so_o ramble_v about_o from_o one_o country_n palace_n to_o another_o where_o oftentimes_o the_o courtier_n ambassador_n or_o several_a gentleman_n of_o the_o kingdom_n that_o be_v force_v to_o follow_v he_o about_o business_n find_v but_o very_o indifferent_a lodging_n and_o entertainment_n it_o may_v here_o be_v observe_v that_o at_o new_a election_n they_o always_o make_v some_o new_a constitution_n or_o other_o for_o the_o benefit_n of_o the_o nation_n and_o to_o abridge_v the_o power_n of_o their_o king_n swear_v the_o formality_n which_o they_o use_v when_o they_o make_v the_o king_n swear_v to_o the_o pacta_fw-la conventa_fw-la be_v as_o follow_v the_o archbishop_n of_o gnesna_n and_o the_o nuncio-marshal_n carry_v these_o article_n before_o the_o king_n after_o mass_n and_o when_o they_o be_v come_v to_o the_o great_a altar_n his_o majesty_n repeat_v after_o the_o chancellor_n these_o word_n oath_n we_o frederick_n augustus_n due_o elect_a king_n of_o poland_n and_o great_a duke_n of_o lithuania_n duke_n of_o russia_n prussia_n masovia_n samogitia_n kiovia_n volhynia_n podolia_n podlachia_n livonia_n smolensko_n severia_n and_o czernicovia_n do_v promise_n to_o almighty_a god_n and_o swear_v upon_o the_o holy_a evangelist_n that_o we_o will_v observe_v maintain_v and_o fulfil_v all_o the_o condition_n agree_v upon_o at_o our_o election_n between_o our_o ambassador_n and_o the_o senator_n and_o deputy_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o poland_n and_o the_o great_a duchy_n of_o lithuania_n which_o be_v confirm_v by_o the_o oath_n of_o our_o say_a ambassador_n and_o that_o we_o will_v moreover_o perform_v the_o same_o in_o all_o rigour_n vigour_n point_n article_n clause_n and_o condition_n therein_o contain_v all_o which_o we_o promise_v to_o ratify_v and_o confirm_v by_o oath_n on_o the_o day_n of_o our_o coronation_n election_n when_o the_o king_n have_v thus_o swear_v to_o observe_v the_o pacta_fw-la conventa_fw-la the_o chancellor_n present_v he_o with_o the_o decree_n of_o his_o election_n write_v in_o parchment_n and_o sign_v by_o all_o the_o senator_n and_o deputy_n the_o pole_n make_v use_v of_o these_o precaution_n in_o the_o election_n of_o their_o king_n by_o reason_n that_o if_o they_o at_o any_o time_n act_v contrary_a to_o what_o they_o have_v promise_v they_o may_v have_v a_o right_a to_o remonstrate_v to_o they_o and_o put_v they_o in_o mind_n of_o their_o duty_n it_o be_v observable_a that_o from_o the_o time_n of_o the_o king_n election_n to_o that_o of_o his_o coronation_n the_o great_a or_o petty_a marshal_n do_v not_o carry_v the_o staff_n erect_v before_o he_o that_o when_o he_o issue_v out_o any_o order_n or_o proclamation_n he_o assume_v only_o the_o character_n of_o king-elect_a and_o that_o nothing_o can_v then_o be_v seal_v but_o by_o the_o signet_n successor_n before_o i_o proceed_v to_o describe_v the_o coronation_n of_o a_o king_n of_o poland_n i_o may_v here_o reasonable_o insert_v something_o concern_v the_o election_n of_o a_o successor_n which_o though_o it_o be_v contrary_a to_o the_o law_n and_o constitution_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o repugnant_a to_o the_o privilege_n of_o a_o elective_a monarchy_n yet_o a_o father_n will_v have_v always_o that_o respect_n for_o his_o child_n that_o he_o will_v endeavour_v to_o get_v he_o to_o succeed_v he_o even_o while_o he_o live_v so_o sigismond_n ii_o be_v name_v king_n in_o the_o life-time_n of_o his_o father_n sigismond_n i._n but_o still_o on_o condition_n that_o he_o shall_v not_o meddle_v with_o the_o government_n so_o long_o as_o his_o father_n live_v but_o sigismond_n ii_o being_n dead_a the_o diet_n after_o have_v inspect_v the_o law_n of_o the_o realm_n decree_v that_o
it_o be_v practise_v in_o the_o last_o election_n with_o as_o much_o brevity_n and_o succinctness_n as_o possible_a and_o which_o be_v as_o follow_v swear_v after_o the_o king_n have_v thus_o be_v conduct_v into_o the_o church_n the_o ceremony_n forthwith_o begin_v first_o the_o archbishop_n in_o a_o short_a oration_n exhort_v the_o king_n to_o continue_v steadfast_a in_o the_o roman_a communion_n to_o exercise_v all_o regal_a and_o princely_a virtue_n and_o last_o to_o remunerate_v his_o obligation_n to_o the_o republic_n by_o a_o just_a and_o inviolable_a administration_n of_o the_o government_n after_o which_o the_o archbishop_n ask_v he_o to_o this_o effect_n in_o latin_a will_v you_o support_v and_o maintain_v the_o holy_a catholic_n faith_n and_o uphold_v it_o by_o good_a work_n to_o which_o the_o king_n answer_v i_o will_n then_o the_o archbishop_n ask_v he_o again_o will_v you_o protect_v and_o defend_v the_o church_n and_o their_o minister_n answer_n i_o will_n then_o the_o archbishop_n again_o will_v you_o govern_v and_o rule_v the_o kingdom_n commit_v by_o god_n to_o your_o charge_n according_a to_o equity_n and_o justice_n answer_n i_o will_n then_o the_o king-elect_a kneel_v and_o kiss_v the_o archbishops_n hand_n and_o lay_v his_o own_o upon_o the_o evangelist_n swear_v to_o perform_v all_o that_o he_o have_v before_o swear_v to_o observe_v at_o st._n john_n church_n at_o warsaw_n with_o some_o other_o particular_n that_o induce_v i_o to_o repeat_v the_o form_n which_o run_v thus_o oath_n we_o frederic_n augustus_n due_o elect_a king_n of_o poland_n great_a duke_n of_o lithuania_n and_o duke_n of_o russia_n prussia_n masovia_n samogitia_n kiovia_n volhynia_n podolia_n podlachia_n livonia_n smolensko_n severia_n and_o czernicovia_n by_o all_o the_o order_n of_o both_o state_n of_o poland_n and_o lithuania_n and_o by_o all_o the_o province_n incorporate_v and_o depend_v thereupon_o do_v sincere_o promise_v and_o swear_v before_o almighty_a god_n and_o upon_o the_o evangelist_n of_o jesus_n christ_n to_o maintain_v observe_v keep_v and_o fulfil_v in_o every_o of_o the_o circumstance_n particular_n and_o article_n all_o the_o right_n liberty_n immunity_n and_o privilege_n both_o public_a and_o private_a except_v such_o as_o be_v contrary_a to_o the_o common_a right_n and_o liberty_n of_o both_o these_o nation_n or_o to_o any_o law_n either_o ecclesiastical_a or_o civil_a that_o have_v be_v just_o and_o lawful_o establish_v by_o our_o predecessor_n the_o king_n of_o poland_n great_a duke_n of_o lithuania_n and_o duke_n etc._n etc._n or_o which_o have_v be_v grant_v by_o all_o the_o order_n during_o the_o interregnum_fw-la to_o the_o catholic_n church_n lord_n baron_n gentry_n citizens_z and_o inhabitans_fw-la of_o what_o rank_n or_o condition_n soever_o together_o with_o the_o pacta_fw-la conventa_fw-la agree_v upon_o between_o our_o ambassador_n and_o the_o order_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o poland_n and_o great_a duchy_n of_o lithuania_n we_o do_v moreover_o promise_v to_o maintain_v and_o acquiesce_v in_o whatever_o have_v be_v enact_v or_o establish_v in_o the_o diet_n of_o our_o election_n as_o we_o do_v likewise_o to_o what_o shall_v be_v agree_v upon_o in_o that_o of_o our_o coronation_n also_o that_o we_o will_v restore_v both_o to_o the_o kingdom_n and_o great_a duchy_n whatever_o have_v or_o shall_v be_v alien_v and_o dismember_a from_o their_o land_n or_o revenue_n moreover_o we_o promise_v not_o to_o lessen_v the_o bound_n of_o either_o the_o kingdom_n or_o great_a duchy_n but_o rather_o to_o defend_v and_o enlarge_v they_o we_o swear_v likewise_o to_o establish_v court_n of_o justice_n throughout_o the_o kingdom_n and_o great_a duchy_n and_o to_o see_v that_o justice_n be_v render_v every_o where_o without_o intermission_n or_o delay_n without_o any_o regard_n to_o or_o favour_n of_o person_n or_o thing_n and_o last_o we_o consent_v that_o if_o it_o shall_v happen_v which_o god_n forbid_v that_o we_o shall_v in_o any_o wise_a violate_v this_o our_o oath_n or_o any_o part_n thereof_o that_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o all_o our_o dominion_n shall_v be_v total_o discharge_v and_o exempt_a from_o pay_v we_o obedience_n and_o fidelity_n book_n this_o form_n or_o oath_n have_v be_v distinct_o repeat_v by_o the_o king_n after_o the_o chancellor_n and_o before_o the_o archbishop_n his_o majesty_n take_v the_o testament_n in_o his_o hand_n and_o kiss_v it_o use_v these_o word_n so_o may_v god_n help_v i_o and_o the_o content_n of_o this_o book_n inspire_v i_o as_o i_o perform_v inviolable_o this_o sacred_a oath_n ceremony_n after_o the_o king_n have_v be_v thus_o swear_v he_o rise_v and_o hear_v the_o pacta_fw-la conventa_fw-la read_v and_o confirm_v the_o oath_n which_o he_o have_v take_v concern_v they_o then_o he_o kneel_v again_o and_o receive_v the_o benediction_n of_o the_o archbishop_n and_o other_o bishop_n after_o which_o he_o rise_v and_o have_v the_o upper_a part_n of_o his_o clothes_n take_v off_o when_o the_o archbishop_n anoint_v his_o right_a hand_n and_o arm_n up_z to_z his_o elbow_z and_o shoulder_n with_o consecrate_a oil_n with_o these_o word_n i_o anoint_v thou_o king_n with_o consecrate_a oil_n in_o the_o name_n of_o the_o father_n son_n and_o holy_a ghost_n amen_o and_o then_o he_o have_v his_o clothes_n put_v on_o again_o afterward_o the_o two_o bishop_n lead_v he_o to_o a_o chapel_n on_o the_o left_a side_n of_o the_o church_n where_o they_o habit_n he_o anew_o somewhat_o like_o a_o bishop_n after_o which_o he_o have_v other_o ornament_n put_v on_o by_o the_o two_o marshal_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o great_a duchy_n and_o then_o he_o be_v convey_v by_o the_o senator-officer_n the_o standard-bearer_n of_o the_o kingdom_n walk_v before_o to_o the_o throne_n raise_v for_o he_o in_o the_o middle_a of_o the_o church_n whence_o after_o have_v hear_v mass_n he_o be_v bring_v back_o to_o the_o altar_n where_o the_o archbishop_n deliver_v a_o draw_a sword_n into_o his_o right_a hand_n with_o these_o word_n receive_v this_o sword_n and_o cordial_o protect_v and_o defend_v the_o holy_a church_n against_o all_o unbeliever_n then_o the_o king_n deliver_v the_o sword_n to_o the_o great_a swordbearer_n of_o the_o kingdom_n who_o have_v put_v it_o up_o in_o its_o scabbard_n return_v it_o to_o the_o archbishop_n who_o then_o gird_v it_o to_o the_o king_n side_n whereupon_o the_o king_n immediate_o rise_v and_o draw_v it_o again_o flourish_v it_o three_o time_n over_o his_o head_n to_o signify_v that_o he_o will_v defend_v the_o trinity_n and_o church_n against_o all_o unbeliever_n he_o this_o be_v do_v the_o king_n kneel_v again_o and_o the_o archbishop_n put_v the_o crown_n after_o a_o very_a solemn_a manner_n on_o his_o head_n which_o the_o two_o bishop_n bear_v up_o with_o their_o hand_n till_o the_o archbishop_n have_v say_v certain_a prayer_n after_o which_o the_o archbishop_n put_v the_o sceptre_n into_o the_o king_n right_a hand_n and_o the_o globe_n into_o his_o left_a when_o the_o king_n rise_v his_o sword_n be_v give_v again_o to_o the_o swordbearer_n of_o the_o kingdom_n to_o bear_v before_o he_o enthrone_v after_o this_o his_o majesty_n be_v bring_v back_o between_o the_o archbishop_n and_o the_o two_o bishop_n to_o the_o throne_n wherein_o he_o be_v forthwith_o place_v by_o the_o archbishop_n with_o these_o word_n sit_v and_o maintain_v the_o place_n give_v you_o by_o god_n etc._n etc._n the_o king_n be_v thus_o seat_v the_o archbishop_n and_o bishop_n return_v to_o the_o altar_n where_o they_o sing_v te_fw-la deum_fw-la which_o be_v end_v and_o the_o archbishop_n sit_v down_o by_o the_o altar_n the_o king_n come_v and_o offer_v he_o gold_n kiss_v his_o hand_n and_o have_v make_v his_o confession_n to_o he_o receive_v the_o sacrament_n and_o benediction_n from_o he_o king_n thus_o the_o ceremony_n be_v at_o a_o end_n the_o archbishop_n rises_z and_o give_v his_o benediction_n to_o all_o present_a when_o the_o court-marshal_n with_o a_o loud_a voice_n cry_v out_o vivat_fw-la rex_fw-la vivat_fw-la rex_fw-la which_o signal_n be_v take_v from_o he_o by_o the_o people_n all_o the_o church_n soon_o ring_v with_o the_o same_o joyful_a note_n after_o which_o the_o great_a treasurer_n scatter_v a_o great_a number_n of_o coronation-medal_n among_o the_o people_n and_o the_o gun_n begin_v to_o roar_v out_o their_o satisfaction_n in_o what_o have_v be_v do_v when_o the_o king_n forthwith_o return_v to_o his_o court_n with_o great_a pomp_n and_o magnificence_n thereupon_o the_o coronation_n be_v thus_o complete_v the_o rest_n of_o the_o day_n be_v spend_v in_o various_a kind_n of_o feast_n and_o rejoice_n among_o which_o there_o be_v one_o very_o particular_a in_o the_o king_n court_n where_o they_o roast_v three_o whole_a ox_n stuff_v and_o lard_v with_o divers_a kind_n of_n fatten_v wild_a beast_n when_o they_o also_o give_v a_o great_a many_o hogshead_n of_o wine_n and_o beer_n
to_o the_o people_n knight_v next_o day_n the_o king_n go_v on_o horseback_n rich_o attire_v and_o in_o great_a pomp_n to_o the_o town-house_n some_o of_o the_o senators_z carrying_z the_o regalia_z before_o he_o the_o order_n of_o march_n be_v the_o bishop_n behind_o and_o the_o lay_n senator_n before_o and_o then_o the_o other_o officer_n nuncios_fw-la etc._n etc._n before_o they_o while_o he_o be_v in_o procession_n the_o great_a treasurer_n of_o the_o kingdom_n scatter_v among_o the_o people_n a_o great_a number_n both_o of_o gold_n and_o silver_n medal_n more_o from_o the_o castle_n to_o the_o town-house_n here_o he_o be_v habit_v anew_o with_o his_o royal_a robe_n and_o seat_v in_o a_o splendid_a throne_n erect_v on_o purpose_n when_o the_o senate_n sit_v in_o a_o inferior_a degree_n on_o each_o hand_n of_o he_o the_o magistrate_n of_o the_o city_n come_v to_o pay_v he_o their_o homage_n and_o to_o assure_v he_o of_o their_o fidelity_n and_o loyalty_n present_v he_o again_o with_o the_o key_n of_o every_o of_o their_o gate_n gild_v and_o lay_v in_o a_o silver_n plate_n which_o do_v the_o chancellor_n assure_v they_o of_o the_o king_n favour_n and_o then_o read_v aloud_o the_o oath_n of_o fealty_n to_o they_o which_o they_o then_o take_v on_o their_o knee_n hold_v up_o their_o hand_n all_o the_o while_n have_v thus_o swear_v the_o magistrate_n present_v he_o with_o a_o purse_n of_o gold_n and_o then_o receive_v their_o key_n back_o after_o which_o the_o king_n have_v deliver_v the_o sceptre_n and_o globe_n to_o some_o of_o the_o senator_n stand_v about_o he_o he_o receive_v a_o naked_a sword_n from_o the_o great_a sword-bearer_n which_o rise_v up_o and_o flourish_v over_o his_o head_n towards_o the_o four_o quarter_n of_o the_o world_n he_o sit_v down_o again_o and_o by_o a_o light_n strike_v of_o the_o blade_n on_o the_o shoulder_n of_o some_o of_o the_o burgher_n create_v they_o knight_n this_o do_v the_o great_a treasurer_n in_o the_o king_n be_v return_v back_o to_o the_o castle_n scatters_z some_o more_o medal_n among_o the_o people_n whilst_o the_o canon_n proclaim_v their_o joy_n and_o if_o it_o be_v night_n as_o general_o it_o be_v by_o that_o time_n all_o these_o ceremony_n be_v over_o the_o firework_n be_v light_v and_o various_a proof_n of_o satisfaction_n be_v every_o where_o both_o to_o be_v see_v and_o hear_v proclaim_v the_o king_n be_v thus_o establish_v in_o the_o throne_n the_o diet_n of_o the_o coronation_n sit_v where_o first_o the_o primate_n lay_v down_o his_o authority_n of_o inter-rex_a and_o then_o every_o individual_a member_n of_o the_o senate_n and_o diet_n take_v a_o oath_n of_o allegiance_n and_o supremacy_n to_o the_o king_n after_o which_o his_o majesty_n be_v invest_v with_o the_o plenary_a regal_a authority_n he_o give_v new_a seal_n to_o the_o chancellor_n and_o the_o marshal_n bear_v their_o staff_n erect_v before_o he_o then_o he_o issue_v out_o his_o royal_a proclamation_n command_v all_o magistrate_n and_o all_o other_o officer_n of_o the_o kingdom_n great_a duchy_n and_o annex_v province_n to_o cause_v his_o coronation_n and_o confirmation_n of_o the_o people_n liberty_n and_o privilege_n to_o be_v proclaim_v on_o the_o first_o public_a day_n in_o every_o city_n and_o town_n and_o afterward_o to_o be_v register_v in_o their_o journal_o also_o by_o the_o same_o proclamation_n he_o give_v liberty_n to_o all_o the_o court_n of_o justice_n to_o proceed_v after_o their_o usual_a manner_n and_o then_o confirm_v aâ—_n the_o act_n and_o constitution_n which_o have_v pass_v in_o the_o diet_n during_o the_o inter-regnum_fw-la not_o as_o to_o what_o relate_v to_o a_o queen_n of_o poland_n coronation_n we_o must_v first_o observe_v that_o she_o can_v be_v crown_v unless_o she_o be_v a_o roman_n catholic_n a_o instance_n whereof_o we_o may_v see_v in_o helena_n wife_n to_o king_n alexander_n who_o be_v of_o the_o greek_a persuasion_n and_o not_o care_v to_o reform_v be_v not_o crown_v also_o we_o may_v read_v in_o history_n that_o queen_n have_v either_o be_v crown_v with_o their_o husband_n or_o without_o with_o their_o husband_n when_o they_o be_v either_o marry_v to_o they_o before_o or_o at_o the_o time_n of_o their_o coronation_n and_o without_o when_o they_o be_v marry_v afterward_o with_o consent_n of_o the_o diet_n for_o it_o have_v always_o be_v think_v so_o very_o necessary_a to_o have_v their_o consent_n that_o it_o be_v insert_v among_o the_o article_n of_o the_o pacta_fw-la conventa_fw-la likewise_o the_o king_n can_v be_v divorce_v from_o his_o queen_n without_o the_o approbation_n of_o the_o diet_n neither_o can_v he_o crown_v she_o if_o she_o be_v marry_v to_o he_o after_o his_o coronation_n without_o their_o consent_n but_o if_o she_o be_v marry_v before_o he_o may_v coronation_n the_o place_n of_o the_o queen_n coronation_n be_v general_o cracow_n although_o there_o have_v be_v some_o example_n to_o the_o contrary_a for_o vladislaus_n vii_o cause_v his_o queen_n cecilia_n renata_n to_o be_v crown_v at_o warsaw_n and_o king_n michael_n his_o queen_n eleonora_n in_o the_o same_o city_n but_o however_o this_o last_o be_v with_o leave_n of_o the_o diet_n though_o at_o the_o same_o time_n they_o forbid_v it_o to_o go_v for_o a_o precedent_n for_o the_o future_a what_o have_v be_v say_v about_o a_o queen_n be_v not_o be_v to_o be_v crown_v if_o a_o dowager_n survive_v be_v not_o so_o as_o may_v appear_v by_o several_a example_n it_o as_o for_o the_o manner_n of_o a_o queen_n coronation_n alone_o it_o must_v be_v with_o the_o king_n consent_n he_o must_v request_v it_o of_o the_o republic_n he_o must_v be_v present_a at_o the_o ceremony_n he_o must_v lead_v his_o queen_n into_o the_o church_n and_o he_o must_v present_v she_o to_o the_o archbishop_n or_o other_o bishop_n who_o be_v to_o crown_v she_o anoint_v she_o with_o consecrate_a oil_n and_o to_o put_v a_o sceptre_n into_o her_o right_a hand_n and_o globe_n into_o she_o left_a the_o king_n likewise_o be_v to_o carry_v his_o queen_n to_o the_o townhouse_n but_o she_o be_v to_o receive_v no_o homage_n there_o have_v thus_o my_o lord_n amass_v the_o several_a particular_n intend_v for_o your_o lordship_n perusal_n i_o have_v nothing_o leave_v to_o do_v but_o humble_o to_o acknowledge_v my_o presumption_n and_o to_o have_v recourse_n to_o your_o candour_n and_o goodness_n for_o pardon_n and_o protection_n i_o be_o my_o lord_n your_o lordship_n be_v most_o humble_a and_o most_o devote_a servant_n j._n s._n letter_n v._n to_o the_o most_o honourable_a john_n lord_n marquess_z of_o normanby_n of_o the_o power_n of_o the_o gentry_n and_o slavery_n of_o the_o commonalty_n in_o poland_n with_o a_o account_n of_o the_o custom_n and_o manner_n of_o the_o people_n of_o that_o kingdom_n as_o likewise_o of_o some_o peculiarly_a relate_n to_o particular_a country_n my_o lord_n to_o approach_n so_o great_a a_o person_n as_o your_o lordship_n on_o so_o trifle_v a_o account_n as_o the_o subject_a of_o this_o letter_n i_o be_v conscious_a to_o myself_o be_v no_o way_n suitable_a on_o one_o hand_n your_o know_a ability_n may_v reasonable_o deter_v my_o presumption_n and_o on_o the_o other_o your_o elate_a quality_n check_v my_o ambition_n yet_o consider_v at_o the_o same_o time_n that_o sometime_o the_o great_a genius_n and_o person_n have_v stoop_v to_o be_v entertain_v with_o the_o folly_n and_o transaction_n of_o the_o crowd_n i_o hope_v among_o the_o rest_n i_o may_v not_o offend_v if_o i_o address_v this_o letter_n to_o you_o and_o the_o rather_o because_o it_o be_v first_o design_v for_o the_o entertainment_n of_o your_o lordship_n leisure_n hour_n my_o lord_n preferment_n the_o three_o order_n of_o the_o republic_n of_o poland_n be_v that_o of_o the_o nobility_n out_o of_o which_o all_o the_o senator_n and_o all_o other_o officer_n as_o well_o civil_a as_o military_a be_v take_v for_o no_o body_n else_o that_o be_v not_o a_o polish_v gentleman_n though_o he_o be_v never_o so_o noble_a in_o his_o own_o country_n can_v be_v capable_a of_o any_o preferment_n here_o unless_o it_o be_v some_o inconsiderable_a post_n in_o the_o army_n the_o high_a whereof_o be_v a_o colonel_n or_o at_o most_o a_o major-general_n which_o be_v much_o the_o same_o with_o a_o brigadeer_n in_o our_o army_n so_o that_o there_o be_v little_a or_o no_o encouragement_n for_o person_n of_o foreign_a country_n of_o what_o merit_n or_o degree_n soever_o to_o go_v to_o serve_v this_o republic_n which_o prove_v no_o small_a inconvenience_n and_o prejudice_n to_o their_o state_n few_o as_o for_o the_o citizen_n and_o peasant_n they_o be_v exclude_v from_o all_o preferment_n and_o can_v have_v no_o possession_n unless_o they_o be_v a_o few_o house_n in_o a_o city_n or_o a_o small_a piece_n of_o land_n about_o a_o league_n off_o in_o the_o
country_n but_o here_o the_o citizen_n in_o prussia_n be_v except_v for_o they_o may_v possess_v land_n of_o what_o extent_n soever_o out_o of_o their_o city_n also_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o cracow_n may_v purchase_v and_o enjoy_v land_n in_o any_o part_n of_o the_o kingdom_n likewise_o the_o magistrate_n of_o vilna_n have_v a_o power_n to_o possess_v land_n and_o the_o city_n of_o leopol_n in_o like_a manner_n have_v a_o privilege_n for_o its_o private_a citizen_n to_o hold_v land_n privilege_n a_o nobleman_n gentleman_z or_o one_o that_o be_v freeborn_a of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o poland_n be_v the_o same_o thing_n every_o gentleman_n have_v his_o coat_n of_o arm_n grant_v he_o by_o the_o republic_n but_o then_o either_o he_o or_o some_o of_o his_o family_n must_v have_v possession_n in_o land_n there_o he_o can_v pretend_v to_o all_o the_o great_a employment_n and_o office_n in_o the_o kingdom_n and_o buy_v land_n where_o he_o please_v all_o over_o the_o dominion_n of_o poland_n and_o lithuania_n he_o have_v moreover_o a_o right_n to_o the_o crown_n if_o his_o credit_n and_o interest_n can_v procure_v it_o every_o gentleman_n be_v a_o sovereign_a lord_n and_o master_n in_o his_o own_o land_n for_o he_o have_v the_o power_n of_o life_n and_o death_n over_o his_o tenant_n or_o as_o the_o pole_n term_v they_o his_o subject_n though_o i_o may_v better_o call_v they_o his_o slave_n for_o they_o have_v neither_o privilege_n nor_o law_n to_o protect_v they_o but_o be_v to_o be_v govern_v absolute_o by_o the_o will_n and_o pleasure_n of_o their_o lord_n they_o dare_v not_o leave_v his_o land_n to_o go_v to_o another_o under_o pain_n of_o death_n unless_o he_o sell_v they_o to_o his_o neighbour_n as_o he_o have_v the_o power_n to_o do_v or_o have_v violate_v or_o ravish_v their_o wife_n or_o daughter_n insomuch_o that_o i_o have_v hear_v that_o some_o have_v wish_v to_o have_v have_v a_o fine_a wife_n or_o daughter_n that_o their_o lord_n may_v thereby_o have_v give_v they_o occasion_n to_o get_v rid_v of_o he_o convict_v if_o a_o gentleman_n kill_v another_o gentleman_n slave_n he_o be_v neither_o to_o be_v try_v nor_o punish_v for_o it_o and_o be_v only_o oblige_v to_o give_v that_o gentleman_n another_o slave_n in_o the_o room_n of_o he_o or_o as_o much_o money_n as_o will_v buy_v one_o and_o beside_o to_o maintain_v the_o family_n of_o the_o person_n that_o he_o have_v kill_v likewise_o if_o he_o kill_v one_o of_o his_o own_o slave_n he_o only_o pay_v a_o matter_n of_o fifty_o livre_n to_o be_v quit_v nay_o if_o one_o gentleman_n kill_v another_o he_o can_v be_v apprehend_v nor_o clap_v into_o prison_n for_o his_o crime_n nisi_fw-la jure_fw-la victus_fw-la unless_o a_o court_n of_o justice_n have_v first_o convict_v he_o which_o common_o give_v he_o time_n enough_o to_o escape_v for_o he_o must_v first_o be_v cite_v to_o appear_v and_o upon_o his_o neglect_n he_o be_v declare_v contumacious_a and_o consequent_o convict_v but_o it_o may_v very_o well_o be_v suppose_v that_o he_o who_o know_v himself_o guilty_a will_v not_o run_v the_o hazard_n of_o appear_v nor_o venture_v the_o lose_n of_o his_o head_n this_o honour_n the_o pole_n likewise_o bestow_v on_o the_o common_a people_n hang_v being_n not_o the_o usual_a way_n of_o execution_n in_o their_o country_n exception_n however_o hartknoch_n have_v these_o exception_n from_o this_o privilege_n for_o say_v he_o if_o a_o nobleman_n be_v take_v in_o the_o very_a act_n of_o ravish_v burn_v of_o house_n theft_n robbery_n or_o the_o like_a he_o may_v be_v apprehend_v by_o the_o law_n likewise_o if_o he_o will_v not_o give_v sufficient_a caution_n according_a to_o the_o quality_n of_o his_o offence_n or_o last_o if_o he_o be_v find_v in_o the_o register_n to_o have_v be_v thrice_o convict_v before_o notwithstanding_o this_o privilege_n of_o the_o nobility_n say_v hauteville_n i_o have_v know_v one_o instance_n to_o the_o contrary_a for_o those_o who_o assassinate_v gonczenski_n petty_a general_n of_o lithuania_n be_v seize_v without_o any_o formality_n and_o carry_v prisoner_n to_o elbing_n and_o be_v afterward_o condemn_v to_o be_v behead_v at_o the_o general_a diet_n at_o warsaw_n in_o the_o year_n 1664._o but_o then_o this_o crime_n of_o they_o be_v so_o notorious_a that_o the_o nobility_n may_v well_o have_v wave_v their_o privilege_n for_o these_o villain_n take_v that_o gentleman_n out_o of_o his_o bed_n at_o vilna_n and_o put_v he_o into_o a_o coach_n with_o a_o confessor_n carry_v he_o out_o of_o the_o city_n where_o they_o scarce_o allow_v he_o time_n to_o say_v his_o prayer_n before_o they_o shoot_v he_o dead_a with_o pistol_n consent_n a_o polish_v nobleman_n though_o he_o be_v proscribe_v and_o cite_v and_o find_v guilty_a can_v be_v execute_v without_o the_o king_n knowledge_n and_o consent_n as_o may_v appear_v by_o the_o case_n of_o samuel_n zborowski_n who_o though_o he_o have_v be_v proscribe_v and_o condemn_v by_o the_o great_a chancellor_n and_o general_n of_o the_o army_n zamoiski_n yet_o will_v he_o not_o presume_v to_o behead_v he_o till_o he_o have_v know_v king_n stephen_n pleasure_n therein_o soldier_n the_o polish_v gentry_n also_o have_v another_o privilege_n which_o be_v that_o no_o soldier_n or_o officer_n of_o the_o army_n can_v be_v quarter_v upon_o they_o for_o if_o any_o one_o shall_v presume_v to_o attempt_v such_o a_o thing_n the_o diet_n will_v either_o condemn_v he_o to_o death_n or_o pronounce_v he_o infamous_a whereby_o he_o will_v be_v deprive_v of_o the_o power_n of_o give_v his_o vote_n in_o all_o assembly_n and_o moreover_o be_v render_v incapable_a of_o enjoy_v any_o office_n or_o employment_n in_o the_o state_n and_o this_o be_v as_o be_v degrade_v from_o his_o nobility_n whereupon_o i_o may_v take_v notice_n of_o a_o passage_n that_o happen_v at_o the_o diet_n of_o election_n of_o john_n iii_o and_o which_o do_v not_o a_o little_a contribute_v towards_o his_o be_v choose_v the_o palatin_n of_o smolensko_n son_n go_v and_o quarter_v at_o the_o house_n of_o wiesnowiski_n without_o his_o leave_n as_o be_v report_v by_o order_n of_o the_o grand_a general_n patz_n which_o occasion_v the_o marshal_n who_o be_v judge_n in_o these_o case_n two_o day_n before_o the_o break_n up_o of_o the_o diet_n to_o deprive_v this_o palatin_n of_o his_o vote_n in_o the_o election_n whereby_o sobieski_n be_v free_v from_o a_o declare_a enemy_n and_o the_o austrian_a faction_n lose_v a_o profess_a friend_n gentry_n the_o king_n likewise_o can_v now_o lodge_v in_o any_o nobleman_n house_n against_o his_o will_n as_o he_o can_v before_o the_o year_n 1433._o also_o wherever_o any_o foreigner_n die_v without_o heir_n his_o estate_n escheat_n to_o the_o lord_n of_o those_o land_n where_o he_o die_v and_o not_o to_o the_o king_n and_o where_o any_o polish_v gentleman_n die_v without_o heir_n the_o king_n can_v seize_v upon_o his_o estate_n by_o right_a of_o escheat_n if_o he_o have_v a_o relation_n leave_v of_o the_o eight_o degree_n inclusive_o the_o gentry_n also_o may_v have_v house_n in_o the_o king_n city_n and_o town_n but_o then_o they_o must_v not_o let_v such_o trade_n inhabit_v they_o as_o may_v prove_v obnoxious_a or_o a_o nuisance_n to_o the_o citizen_n and_o likewise_o these_o house_n ought_v to_o be_v subject_a to_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o city_n but_o which_o however_o be_v seldom_o or_o never_o observe_v the_o house_n of_o a_o nobleman_n moreover_o be_v a_o kind_a of_o asylum_n for_o though_o delinquent_n may_v be_v arrest_v there_o with_o his_o consent_n yet_o can_v they_o be_v take_v thence_o by_o force_n diet._n not_o less_o be_v a_o nobleman_n privilege_n as_o to_o custom_n and_o tax_n for_o if_o he_o will_v swear_v his_o good_n be_v not_o buy_v but_o arise_v from_o his_o land_n he_o may_v send_v they_o any_o where_o out_o of_o the_o kingdom_n to_o be_v sell_v without_o pay_v duty_n and_o where_o he_o have_v once_o so_o swear_v his_o testimonial_n alone_o for_o the_o future_a will_v suffice_v to_o exempt_v they_o also_o his_o subject_n will_v have_v the_o same_o privilege_n wherever_o they_o trade_n in_o prussia_n the_o noble_n be_v not_o only_o free_a from_o custom_n but_o likewise_o all_o the_o other_o inhabitant_n by_o the_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la of_o culm_n but_o although_o the_o polish_v nobility_n be_v thus_o say_v to_o be_v free_a from_o tax_n yet_o upon_o emergent_a occasion_n and_o exigency_n the_o diet_n usual_o oblige_v they_o to_o pay_v they_o for_o a_o certain_a time_n preemption_n the_o nobility_n also_o have_v a_o privilege_n of_o preemption_n of_o salt_n for_o in_o the_o staple_n for_o that_o commodity_n there_o must_v be_v at_o least_o a_o month_n notice_n before_o any_o can_v be_v sell_v to_o any_o body_n else_o notwithstanding_o after_o all_o these_o privilege_n the_o polish_v nobility_n
the_o little_a and_o poor_a sort_n think_v it_o no_o disgrace_n to_o serve_v they_o that_o can_v maintain_v they_o it_o be_v true_a the_o gentleman_n they_o serve_v be_v common_o very_o civil_a to_o they_o for_o the_o elder_a of_o they_o general_o eat_v with_o he_o at_o table_n with_o his_o cap_n off_o and_o every_o one_o of_o they_o have_v a_o peasant-boy_n to_o wait_v on_o he_o which_o the_o master_n maintain_v yet_o if_o any_o one_o of_o these_o gentlemen-servant_n neglect_v his_o duty_n his_o master_n punish_v he_o severe_o though_o he_o have_v no_o power_n to_o take_v away_o his_o life_n because_o he_o be_v a_o gentleman_n but_o he_o may_v get_v he_o whip_v naked_a with_o a_o certain_a formality_n which_o i_o have_v mention_v before_o republic_n it_o may_v not_o be_v here_o amiss_o to_o observe_v to_o your_o lordship_n some_o few_o maxim_n whereby_o the_o republic_n of_o poland_n may_v always_o subsist_v and_o the_o gentry_n retain_v their_o ancient_a privilege_n first_o by_o reduce_v all_o the_o gentry_n of_o the_o kingdom_n to_o a_o equal_a authority_n in_o the_o election_n of_o a_o king_n and_o other_o public_a deliberation_n by_o which_o the_o king_n or_o senate_n will_v be_v deprive_v of_o a_o power_n of_o raise_v any_o considerable_a faction_n and_o the_o grandee_n be_v discourage_v from_o affect_v and_o hunt_v after_o foreign_a title_n which_o common_o ensnare_v they_o to_o the_o prejudice_n of_o their_o country_n second_o by_o keep_v up_o the_o free_a choice_n of_o their_o nuncios_fw-la which_o will_v disable_v the_o court_n and_o senate_n from_o get_v their_o creature_n elect_v to_o the_o utter_a abrogate_a of_o the_o privilege_n of_o the_o gentry_n wherein_o the_o pole_n now_o follow_v the_o prudent_a example_n of_o the_o roman_a commonwealth_n three_o by_o preserve_v the_o custom_n of_o the_o gentry_n appear_v in_o great_a number_n at_o the_o diet_n which_o animate_v both_o the_o senate_n and_o deputy_n in_o the_o prosecution_n of_o affair_n for_o the_o good_a of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o deter_v they_o from_o be_v biased_a by_o any_o sinister_a mean_n four_o by_o oblige_v both_o senator_n and_o deputy_n to_o give_v a_o account_n of_o their_o proceed_n which_o must_v needs_o incline_v they_o to_o act_v with_o a_o great_a deal_n of_o precaution_n five_o by_o prohibit_v the_o army_n to_o come_v near_o the_o great_a assembly_n of_o the_o state_n for_o rome_n never_o enjoy_v so_o great_a happiness_n as_o when_o the_o gown_n have_v preference_n of_o the_o sword_n sixthly_a to_o maintain_v the_o law_n of_o equality_n in_o matter_n of_o descent_n whereby_o the_o gentry_n will_v be_v keep_v at_o a_o even_o lay_v and_o hinder_v from_o disturb_v the_o government_n by_o too_o great_a a_o power_n seven_o never_o to_o prefer_v any_o native_a to_o the_o crown_n because_o of_o the_o great_a disorder_n it_o may_v in_o all_o likelihood_n occasion_n eight_o to_o maintaim_v the_o authority_n of_o their_o democracy_n establish_v for_o so_o many_o age_n by_o the_o prudence_n of_o their_o ancestor_n and_o all_o along_o continue_v with_o no_o small_a hazard_n and_o trouble_v and_o nine_o never_o to_o permit_v any_o foreign_a prince_n to_o intermeddle_v with_o their_o affair_n to_o there_o be_v no_o country_n where_o ambassador_n be_v oblige_v to_o make_v so_o great_a a_o figure_n as_o in_o poland_n especial_o if_o they_o have_v any_o interest_n of_o the_o prince_n their_o master_n to_o maintain_v or_o carry_v on_o in_o the_o diet_n or_o among_o the_o gentry_n for_o the_o great_a man_n there_o general_o despise_v all_o such_o as_o either_o do_v not_o or_o can_v make_v the_o same_o figure_n with_o themselves_o which_o be_v so_o excessive_a that_o a_o ambassador_n must_v have_v three_o remarkable_a quality_n to_o keep_v up_o with_o it_o for_o first_o he_o must_v have_v a_o great_a train_n of_o coach_n and_o servant_n proportionable_a next_o keep_v a_o plentiful_a and_o open_a house_n continual_o to_o treat_v and_o fuddle_v the_o gentry_n and_o where_o he_o must_v be_v very_o humble_a and_o familiar_a with_o they_o they_o be_v general_o very_o civil_a and_o easy_a in_o their_o conversation_n and_o last_o which_o be_v the_o sure_a way_n to_o gain_v their_o affection_n and_o suffrage_n he_o must_v give_v they_o ever_o now_o and_o then_o a_o little_a money_n and_o he_o still_o promise_v they_o more_o for_o reason_n i_o have_v mention_v before_o sword_n when_o the_o great_a man_n of_o poland_n have_v any_o suit_n at_o law_n or_o other_o difference_n to_o be_v determine_v the_o justice_n of_o the_o kingdom_n be_v common_o too_o weak_a for_o they_o for_o though_o the_o diet_n or_o other_o tribunal_n have_v decide_v the_o matter_n in_o favour_n of_o one_o of_o the_o two_o party_n yet_o the_o execution_n of_o their_o judgement_n must_v be_v leave_v to_o the_o power_n of_o the_o strong_a sword_n for_o these_o grandee_n general_o think_v it_o beneath_o they_o to_o submit_v to_o the_o sentence_n of_o a_o company_n of_o judge_n without_o a_o field-battle_n sometime_o they_o will_v raise_v five_o or_o six_o thousand_o of_o a_o side_n plunder_v and_o burn_v one_o another_o town_n and_o city_n and_o besiege_v each_o other_o castle_n and_o fort_n and_o after_o a_o great_a deal_n of_o bloodshed_n fatigue_n and_o expense_n the_o unjust_a cause_o shall_v common_o get_v the_o upper_a hand_n example_n dr._n connor_n say_v when_o he_o be_v in_o poland_n there_o be_v a_o quarrel_n between_o duke_n raazivil_n and_o prince_n sapieha_n about_o whether_o of_o the_o two_o shall_v be_v guardian_n to_o the_o young_a princess_n of_o newbourg_n niece_n to_o the_o present_a empress_n for_o her_o mother_n be_v duchess_n radzivil_n of_o lithuania_n and_o heiress_n of_o the_o great_a estate_n in_o the_o kingdom_n both_o party_n have_v their_o troop_n in_o the_o field_n and_o have_v some_o skirmish_n but_o it_o be_v think_v that_o prince_n sapieha_n be_v great_a general_n of_o the_o force_n of_o lithuania_n will_v get_v the_o better_a though_o it_o seem_v duke_n radzivil_n as_o be_v her_o mother_n relation_n have_v more_o right_o to_o the_o guardianship_n of_o she_o all_o this_o while_n the_o king_n never_o concern_v himself_o in_o the_o quarrel_n nor_o declare_v for_o either_o party_n poland_n as_o to_o matter_n of_o descent_n the_o father_n estate_n be_v always_o equal_o divide_v among_o his_o child_n in_o like_a manner_n as_o in_o italy_n germany_n and_o most_o foreign_a country_n but_o when_o the_o father_n be_v dead_a the_o mother_n can_v enjoy_v all_o his_o estate_n for_o life_n and_o it_o be_v absolute_o in_o her_o breast_n to_o allot_v every_o one_o of_o the_o child_n their_o quota_fw-la or_o to_o keep_v all_o the_o estate_n to_o her_o own_o use_n during_o her_o life_n some_o mother_n marry_v after_o the_o husband_n death_n and_o so_o spend_v their_o first_o child_n fortune_n with_o their_o second_o husband_n this_o make_v the_o child_n more_o than_o ordinary_a obedient_a to_o their_o mother_n especial_o during_o their_o widowhood_n family_n although_o estate_n in_o poland_n be_v equal_o divide_v among_o the_o child_n which_o one_o will_v think_v shall_v absolute_o weaken_v or_o ruin_v their_o family_n yet_o do_v they_o general_o find_v mean_n to_o support_v and_o keep_v they_o up_o for_o most_o common_o some_o of_o the_o brother_n turn_v monk_n and_o so_o get_v to_o be_v make_v abbot_n or_o bishop_n who_o revenue_n be_v here_o sufficient_a to_o enrich_v any_o family_n and_o the_o rest_n look_v after_o state-employment_n which_o be_v likewise_o considerable_a some_o of_o the_o daughter_n also_o many_o time_n become_v nun_n so_o that_o be_v in_o the_o church_n service_n they_o be_v oblige_v to_o live_v in_o celibacy_n and_o consequent_o leave_v no_o heir_n all_o their_o good_n or_o estate_n fall_v to_o their_o marry_v brother_n or_o sister_n or_o to_o their_o child_n in_o this_o country_n the_o daughter_n always_o walk_v before_o their_o mother_n as_o in_o italy_n and_o the_o unmarried_a sister_n before_o the_o marry_a effect_n i_o can_v but_o admire_v at_o the_o honest_a and_o good_a temper_n of_o the_o polish_v gentry_n for_o though_o their_o liberty_n be_v extraordinary_a though_o they_o have_v power_n of_o life_n and_o death_n over_o their_o subject_n though_o they_o be_v in_o a_o manner_n above_o their_o own_o law_n and_o though_o justice_n be_v administer_v in_o poland_n more_o slight_o than_o in_o any_o other_o country_n yet_o dr._n connor_n say_v that_o all_o the_o while_n that_o he_o be_v in_o that_o kingdom_n he_o neither_o see_v nor_o hear_v of_o any_o murder_n or_o slaughter_n or_o of_o any_o barbarity_n or_o cruelty_n commit_v by_o the_o gentry_n on_o their_o subject_n nor_o what_o be_v a_o great_a wonder_n of_o any_o highway_n robber_n but_o always_o observe_v the_o pole_n in_o general_a to_o be_v good_a humour_a harmless_a and_o generous_a when_o it_o be_v certain_a have_v