john_n iij_o king_n of_o poland_n great_a duke_n of_o lithuania_n russia_n prussia_n samogitia_n &c_n &c_n pag._n 163_o the_o history_n of_o poland_n in_o several_a letter_n to_o person_n of_o quality_n give_v a_o account_n of_o the_o ancient_n and_o present_a state_n of_o that_o kingdom_n historical_a geographical_a physical_a political_n and_o ecclesiastical_a viz._n it_o be_v origin_n and_o extent_n with_o a_o description_n of_o its_o town_n and_o province_n the_o succession_n and_o remarkable_a action_n of_o all_o its_o king_n and_o of_o the_o great_a duke_n of_o lithuania_n the_o election_n power_n and_o coronitâ—â—â—_n oâ—â—_n the_o king_n the_o senate_n or_o house_n of_o lord_n the_o 〈◊〉_d and_o form_n of_o government_n the_o privilege_n of_o the_o gâ—â—â—â—ry_a their_o religion_n learning_n language_n custom_n haâ—â—â—s_n manner_n riches_n trade_n and_o military_a affair_n together_o with_o the_o state_n of_o physic_n and_o natural_a knowledge_n 〈◊〉_d also_o a_o account_n of_o the_o teutonick_n order_n and_o of_o the_o duke_n of_o curland_n his_o family_n and_o territory_n with_o sculpture_n and_o a_o new_a map_n after_o the_o best_a geographer_n with_o several_a letter_n relate_v to_o physic_n vol._n i._n by_o bern._n connor_n m._n d._n fellow_n of_o the_o royal_a society_n and_o member_n of_o the_o college_n of_o physician_n who_o in_o his_o travel_n in_o that_o country_n collect_v these_o memoir_n from_o the_o best_a author_n and_o his_o own_o observation_n publish_a by_o the_o care_n and_o assistance_n of_o mr._n savage_n london_n print_v by_o j._n d._n for_o dan._n brown_n without_o temple-bar_n and_o a._n roper_n in_o fleetstreet_n m_o dc_o xcviii_o the_o preface_n have_v neither_o a_o genius_n nor_o a_o talon_n for_o history_n much_o less_o for_o politic_n and_o have_v pass_v but_o a_o very_a small_a time_n at_o the_o late_a king_n of_o poland_n court_n i_o can_v neither_o promise_v the_o critic_n nor_o politician_n that_o politeness_n of_o style_n nor_o those_o exact_a rule_n and_o circumstance_n of_o history_n they_o general_o expect_v and_o be_v accustom_a to_o meet_v with_o in_o relaâ—â—ions_n of_o this_o nature_n for_o the_o memoir_n i_o collect_v and_o the_o remark_n i_o make_v in_o that_o nation_n as_o well_o as_o in_o other_o foreign_a country_n be_v first_o intend_v for_o my_o own_o curiosity_n until_o be_v come_v some_o few_o year_n ago_o from_o my_o travel_n into_o england_n and_o find_v there_o have_v not_o be_v yet_o publish_v in_o our_o tongue_n any_o account_n of_o this_o vast_a neighbour_a kingdom_n i_o be_v often_o discourse_v chief_o during_o this_o last_o election_n about_o the_o constitution_n of_o that_o country_n and_o be_v desire_v to_o communicate_v to_o the_o public_a what_o i_o know_v of_o it_o this_o give_v i_o occasion_n to_o revise_v my_o memoir_n and_o to_o consider_v that_o if_o they_o be_v put_v into_o good_a order_n they_o may_v perhaps_o be_v of_o some_o use_n because_o the_o form_n of_o government_n in_o poland_n be_v in_o some_o respect_n like_o that_o of_o we_o but_o the_o first_o year_n i_o come_v over_o i_o spend_v some_o month_n at_o oxford_n to_o publish_v a_o small_a latin_a treatise_n of_o physical_a matter_n and_o to_o communicate_v to_o the_o ingenious_a gentleman_n there_o what_o small_a insight_n i_o be_v think_v to_o have_v in_o anatomy_n and_o in_o the_o materia_fw-la medica_fw-la the_o summer_n follow_v i_o make_v some_o chemical_a and_o anatomical_a demonstration_n at_o cambridg_n these_o two_o last_o winter_n i_o have_v be_v much_o take_v up_o here_o in_o town_n in_o try_v a_o great_a many_o chemical_a and_o anatomical_a experiment_n and_o in_o publish_v my_o treatise_n de_fw-fr medicina_fw-la mystica_fw-la and_o beside_o be_v busy_v in_o my_o other_o occupation_n in_o the_o practice_n of_o physic_n to_o which_o i_o have_v entire_o apply_v myself_o of_o late_a as_o be_v more_o suitable_a to_o my_o temper_n and_o profession_n than_o historical_a one_o i_o neither_o can_v take_v any_o delight_n nor_o have_v any_o leisure_n to_o write_v over_o or_o to_o put_v into_o due_a method_n the_o memoir_n i_o bring_v from_o poland_n so_o that_o the_o public_a be_v indebt_v to_o my_o ingenious_a friend_n mr._n savage_a for_o without_o his_o help_n this_o account_n of_o poland_n can_v not_o doubtless_o have_v thus_o appear_v these_o several_a year_n i_o hope_v ingenuous_a and_o candid_a person_n will_v excuse_v the_o fault_n and_o defect_n they_o will_v undoubted_o meet_v with_o in_o this_o historical_a relation_n since_o what_o i_o design_v only_o to_o do_v at_o my_o own_o leisure_n in_o some_o year_n i_o have_v dispatch_v with_o too_o much_o precipitation_n in_o few_o month_n to_o satisfy_v the_o curiosity_n of_o people_n during_o the_o late_a election_n in_o poland_n who_o long_v to_o see_v some_o account_n of_o that_o kingdom_n publish_v wherefore_o i_o neither_o deserve_v nor_o desire_v any_o other_o reputation_n by_o it_o than_o that_o be_v the_o first_o that_o have_v give_v any_o history_n of_o that_o country_n in_o our_o language_n i_o give_v occasion_n to_o other_o that_o may_v travel_v after_o i_o in_o poland_n to_o give_v a_o more_o satisfactory_a account_n thereof_o i_o admire_v our_o english_a gentry_n who_o travel_n into_o germany_n have_v never_o the_o curiosity_n to_o go_v either_o from_o berlin_n through_o prussia_n or_o posnania_n to_o warsaw_n or_o from_o vienna_n through_o silesia_n to_o cracow_n they_o may_v with_o ease_n perform_v this_o journey_n in_o three_o month_n time_n and_o not_o think_v their_o time_n lose_v for_o though_o there_o be_v not_o so_o many_o rarity_n to_o be_v see_v nor_o that_o conveniency_n of_o travel_v â—â—s_o in_o most_o other_o country_n yet_o they_o may_v observe_v the_o most_o remarkable_a place_n in_o poland_n the_o peculiar_a form_n of_o government_n the_o splendour_n of_o the_o court_n and_o the_o extraordinary_a grandeur_n of_o the_o nobility_n who_o be_v not_o so_o barbarous_a nor_o so_o unpolished_a as_o they_o be_v general_o represent_v for_o these_o sixty_o or_o seventy_o year_n past_a the_o pole_n have_v take_v a_o humour_n to_o travel_v and_o have_v of_o late_o refine_v themselves_o extreme_o have_v have_v french_a queen_n and_o french_a faction_n reign_v among_o they_o during_o the_o four_o last_o reign_n successive_o which_o have_v produce_v this_o good_a effect_n contrary_a to_o the_o private_a design_n of_o france_n that_o not_o only_o the_o rough_a temper_n of_o the_o pole_n be_v make_v more_o polite_a and_o their_o behaviour_n more_o civil_a but_o likewise_o their_o judgement_n improve_v and_o they_o themselves_o render_v more_o capable_a of_o know_v their_o own_o interest_n and_o more_o wary_a than_o former_o of_o a_o despotic_a power_n which_o their_o king_n of_o late_a assist_v by_o the_o french_a have_v labour_v to_o introduce_v for_o the_o pole_n be_v now_o sensible_a that_o the_o french_a king_n who_o be_v absolute_a at_o home_n and_o well_o know_v to_o be_v ambitious_a enough_o to_o enlarge_v his_o conquest_n abroad_o have_v just_a reason_n to_o think_v that_o it_o will_v have_v be_v casy_a for_o he_o to_o manage_v his_o interest_n against_o the_o empire_n with_o a_o king_n of_o poland_n who_o be_v likewise_o absolute_a than_o it_o be_v now_o with_o one_o who_o entire_o depend_v on_o the_o uncertain_a resolution_n of_o a_o free_a parliament_n because_o let_v a_o king_n of_o poland_n be_v ever_o so_o despotic_a his_o kingdom_n be_v poor_a he_o will_v always_o want_v money_n either_o to_o satisfy_v his_o pleasure_n or_o to_o gratify_v his_o ambition_n and_o will_v scarce_o ever_o be_v proof_n against_o fifty_o thousand_o louis-d'or's_a the_o pole_n be_v not_o only_o watchful_a against_o the_o encroach_a faction_n of_o france_n but_o likewise_o they_o begin_v to_o consider_v the_o unhappy_a condition_n of_o their_o enslave_v neighbour_n the_o muscovite_n swede_n dane_n german_n and_o turk_n who_o groan_n under_o the_o heavy_a yoke_n of_o the_o unlimited_a power_n of_o their_o sovereign_n these_o visible_a example_n make_v they_o so_o very_o jealous_a of_o their_o king_n and_o so_o extreme_a fond_a of_o their_o liberty_n that_o they_o will_v not_o only_o always_o keep_v their_o crown_n elective_a but_o likewise_o oblige_v their_o new_a king_n to_o enlarge_v their_o privilege_n which_o be_v at_o this_o time_n more_o ample_a than_o ever_o they_o have_v be_v before_o and_o it_o be_v not_o to_o be_v imagine_v that_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n will_v become_v despotic_a as_o the_o king_n of_o denmark_n do_v because_o in_o denmark_n the_o king_n clergy_n and_o common_a people_n be_v keep_v under_o by_o the_o exorbitant_a power_n of_o the_o nobility_n join_v together_o and_o soon_o bring_v the_o nobility_n to_o declare_v the_o king_n absolute_a choose_v rather_o to_o be_v under_o one_o master_n than_o under_o several_a petty_a tyrant_n but_o in_o poland_n both_o gentry_n and_o clergy_n who_o be_v very_o numerous_a and_o
woievod_n of_o cracovia_n to_o who_o the_o king_n after_o the_o fight_n send_v a_o hare-skin_n and_o spinning-wheel_n for_o recompense_n nevertheless_o this_o one_o defeat_n stick_v so_o close_o to_o he_o that_o he_o soon_o after_o die_v leave_v four_o son_n among_o who_o issue_n he_o divide_v his_o kingdom_n this_o king_n perform_v a_o great_a many_o more_o memorable_a action_n which_o my_o lord_n because_o they_o may_v be_v too_o tedious_a to_o insert_v here_o i_o have_v omit_v 72._o character_n he_o be_v of_o a_o undaunted_a spirit_n a_o great_a despiser_n of_o danger_n and_o no_o less_o a_o observer_n of_o truth_n and_o right_n very_o liberal_a and_o generous_a upon_o the_o small_a occasion_n and_o moreover_o endue_v with_o singular_a clemency_n and_o modesty_n he_o be_v further_a very_o ambitious_a of_o glory_n but_o at_o the_o same_o time_n no_o enemy_n to_o peace_n though_o he_o be_v say_v to_o have_v be_v train_v up_o to_o war_n from_o his_o very_a cradle_n to_o 1140._o uladislaus_n surname_v the_o driveler_n his_o elder_a son_n he_o leave_v the_o supreme_a power_n which_o be_v confirm_v and_o he_o elect_v in_o the_o year_n 1140_o but_o reign_v only_o six_o year_n and_o to_o the_o other_o three_o he_o give_v only_o some_o separate_a province_n which_o afterward_o be_v the_o occasion_n of_o great_a disorder_n in_o poland_n for_o the_o elder_a brother_n vladislaus_n pretend_v to_o dispossess_v brother_n the_o other_o three_o turn_v his_o brother_n boleslaus_n out_o of_o the_o palatinate_v of_o ploskow_n and_o masovia_n and_o his_o brother_n henry_n out_o of_o the_o province_n of_o sendomir_n who_o both_o retire_a to_o their_o three_o brother_n that_o govern_v posnania_n 73._o vladislaus_n have_v always_o with_o he_o a_o nobleman_n call_v d_o peter_n dunin_n who_o take_v out_o one_o day_n to_o hunt_v they_o happen_v to_o be_v so_o late_o abroad_o that_o they_o be_v oblige_v to_o lie_v all_o night_n in_o a_o wood_n where_o for_o diversion_n the_o king_n begin_v to_o joke_v with_o his_o companion_n after_o this_o manner_n dunin_n quoth_v he_o i._n believe_v your_o wife_n lie_v more_o at_o ease_n to_o night_n with_o the_o abbot_n scrinnen_n than_o we_o do_v to_o which_o dunin_n forget_v himself_o tart_o reply_v and_o it_o may_v be_v your_o majesty_n do_v the_o same_o with_o dobessus_n who_o it_o seem_v be_v a_o handsome_a fellow_n about_o court_n that_o his_o queen_n christina_n love_v this_o answer_n so_o nettle_v the_o king_n that_o he_o afterward_o employ_v the_o same_o dobessus_n to_o be_v revenge_v revenge_n on_o dunin_n which_o he_o effect_v by_o pull_v out_o his_o tongue_n and_o eye_n hereupon_o the_o people_n perceive_v how_o cruel_o vladislaus_n persecute_v his_o own_o brother_n and_o at_o the_o same_o time_n how_o ill_o he_o treat_v his_o subject_n begin_v to_o be_v daily_o more_o and_o more_o disaffect_v to_o he_o whereby_o his_o brother_n party_n great_o increase_a he_o be_v beat_v by_o they_o as_o he_o be_v go_v to_o besiege_v posnan_n wherefore_o discover_v new_a faction_n hourly_o appear_v against_o he_o and_o fear_v some_o ill_a fate_n from_o a_o universal_a hatred_n he_o timely_o withdraw_v into_o germany_n to_o the_o emperor_n conrade_n iii_o cousin_n kingdom_n german_a to_o his_o queen_n christina_n who_o several_a time_n endeavour_v to_o restore_v he_o but_o all_o in_o vain_a for_o his_o brother_n boleslaus_n crispus_n have_v get_v possession_n of_o the_o crown_n vladislaus_n be_v force_v to_o compound_v for_o silesia_n only_o which_o afterward_o fall_v to_o the_o principality_n of_o bohemia_n and_o have_v ever_o since_o be_v out_o of_o the_o possession_n of_o the_o pole_n this_o prince_n lie_v bury_v at_o attenburg_n death_n a_o city_n of_o germany_n in_o alsace_n vladislaus_n with_o his_o son_n have_v abdicate_v the_o crown_n of_o poland_n his_o second_o brother_n 1146._o boleslaus_n crispus_n or_o the_o frizzle_a be_v elect_v in_o the_o year_n 1146_o and_o reign_v to_o the_o year_n 1175_o yet_o the_o emperor_n conrade_n do_v what_o he_o can_v to_o restore_v vladislaus_n to_o effect_v which_o he_o first_o send_v ambassador_n into_o poland_n but_o to_o no_o purpose_n then_o he_o resolve_v to_o make_v war_n with_o the_o pole_n but_o defer_v it_o till_o his_o expedition_n against_o asia_n be_v over_o to_o facilitate_v which_o he_o have_v obtain_v leave_n to_o pass_v through_o boleslaus_n his_o dominion_n to_o the_o euxine_a sea_n but_o at_o his_o return_n be_v constant_o solicit_v by_o vladislaus_n and_o his_o queen_n he_o march_v with_o a_o powerful_a army_n against_o poland_n yet_o war_n what_o with_o delay_n stratagem_n and_o ambuscadoe_n he_o be_v so_o fatigue_v by_o the_o pole_n that_o he_o can_v do_v nothing_o till_o at_o last_o he_o be_v call_v home_o to_o appease_v some_o intestine_a broil_n in_o his_o own_o dominion_n which_o have_v effect_v he_o soon_o after_o die_v his_o successor_n frederic_n barberossa_n also_o espouse_v vladislaus_n his_o cause_n but_o not_o be_v able_a to_o do_v any_o thing_n in_o his_o favour_n by_o ambassador_n he_o march_v with_o a_o numerous_a army_n against_o the_o pole_n which_o they_o likewise_o harass_v and_o weary_v out_o till_o they_o have_v oblige_v that_o emperor_n to_o strike_v up_o a_o peace_n with_o they_o he_o be_v in_o war_n at_o the_o same_o time_n against_o milan_n by_o which_o it_o be_v agree_v that_o boleslaus_n shall_v remit_v silesia_n to_o vladislaus_n who_o posterity_n afterward_o divide_v it_o into_o several_a dutchy_n till_o at_o last_o it_o come_v to_o the_o empire_n this_o great_a province_n my_o lord_n as_o i_o observe_v in_o my_o journey_n through_o it_o be_v one_o of_o the_o most_o fertile_a and_o plentiful_a country_n in_o all_o germany_n boleslaus_n begin_v another_o war_n against_o the_o prussian_n for_o refuse_v to_o pay_v he_o tribute_n and_o force_v they_o to_o this_o compliance_n that_o they_o shall_v submit_v in_o case_n he_o leave_v they_o to_o their_o religion_n but_o otherwise_o they_o bold_o declare_v that_o they_o will_v rather_o die_v than_o become_v christian_n again_o whereupon_o boleslaus_n be_v force_v to_o grant_v they_o liberty_n of_o conscience_n yet_o they_o soon_o revolt_v and_o by_o a_o 78._o stratagem_n entire_o rout_v the_o polish_v army_n and_o death_n kill_v his_o brother_n henry_n this_o king_n die_v not_o long_o after_o and_o be_v bury_v at_o cracow_n 1174._o miecislaus_fw-la surname_v the_o old_a brother_n to_o boleslaus_n succeed_v he_o be_v elect_v in_o the_o year_n 1174_o and_o reign_v only_o to_o 1178._o he_o be_v call_v the_o old_a from_o his_o great_a sagacity_n and_o prudence_n in_o his_o youth_n his_o covetousness_n policy_n induce_v he_o to_o hoard_v up_o great_a sum_n of_o money_n by_o oppress_v the_o gentry_n and_o people_n with_o unreasonable_a tax_n and_o sell_v all_o employment_n though_o against_o the_o constitution_n of_o the_o kingdom_n this_o extreme_a avarice_n bring_v he_o to_o be_v general_o hate_v by_o the_o clergy_n nobility_n and_o people_n whereupon_o 88_o gedeon_n bishop_n of_o cracow_n endeavour_v several_a time_n to_o incline_v he_o to_o pity_v his_o subject_n and_o despise_v money_n since_o he_o have_v no_o need_n of_o it_o but_o he_o will_v by_o no_o mean_n hearken_v to_o his_o advice_n wherefore_o this_o bishop_n concert_v together_o with_o the_o gentry_n to_o dethrone_v he_o and_o remit_v dethrone_v the_o crown_n to_o casimir_n his_o brother_n who_o more_o deserve_v it_o which_o they_o effectual_o do_v after_o some_o little_a bloodshed_n here_o we_o may_v observe_v that_o covertousness_n be_v the_o great_a vice_n that_o any_o prince_n can_v be_v guilty_a of_o especial_o a_o king_n of_o poland_n who_o subject_n as_o your_o lordship_n doubtless_o have_v observe_v be_v general_o liberal_a even_o to_o extravagance_n at_o first_o casimir_n refuse_v the_o crown_n offer_v he_o allege_v it_o be_v his_o brother_n right_a and_o that_o such_o a_o alteration_n may_v occasion_v civil_a war_n which_o he_o by_o no_o mean_n have_v any_o mind_n to_o be_v the_o author_n of_o but_o when_o they_o unanimous_o declare_v they_o will_v have_v no_o other_o king_n and_o can_v never_o more_o obey_v miecislaus_fw-la 1178._o casimir_n ii_o consent_v to_o accept_v of_o the_o government_n be_v elect_v in_o the_o year_n 1178_o and_o reign_v to_o 1195._o he_o be_v surname_v the_o just_a be_v altogether_o unlike_o his_o brother_n as_o appear_v by_o the_o follow_a particular_a 82._o be_v at_o play_n with_o a_o gentleman_n of_o he_o name_v conarius_n whilst_o he_o be_v prince_n of_o sendomir_n and_o have_v win_v all_o his_o adversary_n money_n the_o gentleman_n in_o a_o passion_n strike_v he_o over_o the_o face_n and_o flee_v but_o next_o day_n be_v bring_v before_o he_o be_v adjudge_v by_o every_o body_n to_o have_v deserve_v death_n for_o his_o insolence_n not_o example_n at_o all_o reply_v the_o good_a prince_n for_o be_v affect_v with_o his_o loss_n and_o not_o
marry_v to_o ferdinand_n of_o austria_n whereby_o that_o house_n come_v into_o possession_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o hungary_n and_o bohemia_n as_o likewise_o of_o silesia_n all_o which_o it_o enjoy_v to_o this_o day_n sigismond_n die_v not_o long_o after_o the_o council_n of_o trent_n begin_v be_v 82_o year_n old_a and_o have_v reign_v about_o 40_o with_o great_a success_n paulus_n jovius_n say_v that_o in_o this_o king_n time_n there_o be_v three_o hero_n viz._n the_o emperor_n charles_n v._o francis_n i._o king_n of_o france_n and_o sigismond_n i._o king_n of_o poland_n each_o of_o which_o deserve_v alone_o to_o govern_v the_o universe_n have_v they_o not_o happen_v to_o live_v at_o the_o same_o time_n issue_n this_o king_n be_v as_o famous_a in_o peace_n as_o war_n be_v adorn_v with_o more_o virtue_n than_o any_o prince_n of_o poland_n before_o he_o beside_o which_o perfection_n of_o his_o mind_n he_o have_v also_o great_a strength_n of_o 90._o body_n for_o he_o be_v report_v to_o have_v be_v accustom_a to_o snap_n horseshoe_n asunder_o and_o to_o have_v break_v the_o strong_a rope_n with_o his_o hand_n only_o as_o i_o be_o credible_o inform_v the_o elector_n of_o saxony_n at_o present_a king_n of_o poland_n have_v often_o do_v he_o have_v two_o wife_n barbara_n daughter_n of_o stephen_n woievod_n of_o transilvania_n by_o who_o he_o have_v one_o daughter_n name_v hedwigis_fw-la marry_v to_o joachim_n marquis_n of_o brandenburg_n and_o another_o wife_n buona_n sforza_n mention_v before_o who_o bring_v he_o four_o daughter_n which_o be_v isabel_n marry_v to_o john_n king_n of_o hungary_n sophia_n to_o the_o duke_n of_o brunswick_n and_o ann_n and_o catherine_n both_o successive_o to_o the_o king_n of_o sweden_n and_o one_o son_n sigismond_n augustus_n who_o succeed_v his_o father_n in_o the_o kingdom_n of_o poland_n christ_n 125._o martin_n bielski_n a_o polander_n who_o write_v the_o annal_n of_o his_o country_n in_o his_o native_a language_n mention_n that_o in_o the_o begin_n of_o this_o king_n reign_n a_o certain_a gentleman_n name_v james_n melstinski_n starosta_n of_o brezina_n be_v not_o a_o little_a beside_o himself_o pretend_v to_o be_v christ_n descend_v again_o upon_o the_o earth_n and_o consequent_o together_o with_o one_o peter_n zatorski_n a_o citizen_n of_o cracow_n and_o eleven_o other_o of_o the_o same_o stamp_n set_v forward_o through_o divers_a city_n and_o village_n cant_v and_o impose_v upon_o the_o common_a people_n all_o along_o as_o they_o go_v sometime_o he_o pretend_v to_o raise_v the_o deaâ—â—_n which_o he_o seem_o effect_v by_o help_n of_o 〈◊〉_d compact_a with_o some_o of_o his_o fellow_n impostor_n next_o he_o work_v several_a pretend_a miracle_n by_o legerdemain_n as_o by_o find_v thing_n in_o place_n where_o it_o be_v almost_o impossible_a for_o they_o to_o be_v which_o nevertheless_o he_o have_v prudent_o take_v care_n to_o lay_v there_o before_o as_o fish_n in_o bogs_n and_o the_o like_a afterward_o he_o go_v to_o the_o monastery_n of_o cestochow_n where_o it_o seem_v he_o be_v not_o know_v here_o he_o cause_v one_o of_o his_o follower_n to_o pretend_v to_o be_v possess_v with_o the_o devil_n who_o thereupon_o be_v immediate_o seize_v on_o be_v lead_v by_o the_o monk_n to_o the_o altar_n at_o a_o time_n when_o a_o great_a concourse_n of_o people_n be_v gather_v together_o to_o hear_v mass_n but_o the_o impostor_n have_v provide_v himself_o a_o large_a coat_n with_o several_a deep_a and_o wind_a plight_n as_o likewise_o of_o divers_a small_a pebble_n which_o he_o have_v wrap_v up_o in_o his_o saâ—â—_n break_v furious_o from_o those_o that_o hold_v he_o and_o immediate_o leap_v upon_o the_o altar_n where_o seize_v upon_o all_o the_o offering_n he_o soon_o convey_v they_o into_o these_o obscure_a fold_n of_o his_o coat_n when_o the_o monk_n go_v to_o search_v he_o with_o great_a violence_n find_v only_o the_o stone_n in_o his_o sash_n which_o they_o believe_v to_o be_v the_o money_n transmute_v by_o the_o power_n of_o the_o devil_n immediate_o fall_v to_o exorcise_a the_o stone_n but_o find_v the_o same_o species_n still_o remain_v they_o throw_v down_o their_o book_n in_o great_a indignation_n and_o cry_v talem_fw-la daemonem_fw-la nunquam_fw-la experti_fw-la sumus_fw-la abite_fw-la cum_fw-la eo_fw-la ad_fw-la omnes_fw-la daemon_n by_o help_v of_o the_o money_n they_o have_v thus_o get_v by_o this_o cheat_n they_o travel_v all_o over_o silesia_n and_o at_o last_o come_v to_o a_o gentleman_n house_n where_o they_o tell_v his_o wife_n that_o christ_n and_o his_o apostle_n be_v come_v to_o visit_v she_o and_o that_o she_o must_v make_v some_o offer_v and_o her_o soul_n shall_v be_v save_v to_o which_o the_o woman_n reply_v that_o her_o husband_n be_v from_o home_n and_o therefore_o she_o can_v not_o possible_o comply_v with_o their_o request_n whereupon_o they_o demand_v of_o she_o if_o she_o have_v any_o linen_n to_o sacrifice_v she_o answer_v she_o have_v and_o present_o fetch_v they_o down_o a_o small_a parcel_n which_o they_o receive_v from_o her_o hand_n tell_v she_o they_o will_v keep_v that_o for_o themselves_o and_o christ_n shall_v bless_v she_o and_o increase_v her_o store_n whereupon_o inquire_v far_o if_o she_o have_v any_o more_o she_o show_v they_o another_o parcel_n but_o they_o be_v about_o to_o do_v the_o like_a by_o that_o as_o they_o do_v by_o the_o other_o she_o tell_v they_o her_o husband_n not_o be_v within_o she_o dare_v by_o no_o mean_n part_n with_o it_o which_o answer_v displease_v these_o impostor_n they_o privy_o slide_v a_o piece_n of_o light_a coal_n among_o the_o linen_n which_o the_o woman_n not_o know_v any_o thing_n of_o take_v the_o parcel_n and_o lock_v it_o up_o in_o her_o chest_n as_o before_o but_o which_o not_o long_o after_o burst_v out_o into_o a_o flame_n first_o burn_v the_o chest_n and_o then_o the_o house_n the_o husband_n come_v home_o and_o find_v his_o house_n on_o fire_n inquire_v into_o the_o cause_n of_o it_o whereupon_o his_o wife_n answer_v that_o because_o she_o have_v treat_v christ_n disrespectful_o who_o come_v to_o visit_v she_o this_o judgement_n have_v befall_v they_o at_o this_o the_o man_n fly_v out_o into_o a_o passion_n cry_v this_o be_v a_o impostor_n and_o no_o christ_n wherefore_o call_v his_o neighbour_n together_o they_o pursue_v they_o close_o till_o they_o hear_v of_o they_o in_o a_o village_n hard_a by_o which_o the_o false_a saviour_n be_v inform_v of_o say_v to_o that_o apostle_n of_o he_o name_v peter_n peter_n now_o be_v my_o hour_n come_v and_o the_o time_n wherein_o i_o be_o to_o drink_v that_o bitter_a draught_n approach_v which_o i_o have_v no_o other_o way_n to_o avoid_v but_o by_o leap_v out_o at_o this_o window_n to_o which_o peter_n reply_v i_o also_o will_v follow_v my_o master_n example_n that_o i_o may_v live_v whereupon_o they_o both_o leap_v out_o at_o the_o window_n and_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o apostle_n flee_v also_o their_o several_a way_n but_o the_o delude_a countryman_n close_o pursue_v they_o at_o length_n overtake_v they_o and_o surround_v they_o with_o club_n scourge_v and_o the_o like_a lay_v they_o on_o most_o unmerciful_o cry_v all_o the_o while_n prophesy_v to_o we_o o_o christ_n with_o thy_o disciple_n in_o what_o wood_n do_v these_o club_n and_o scourge_v grow_v by_o this_o severe_a discipline_n these_o impostor_n have_v be_v total_o reform_v confess_v that_o it_o be_v no_o small_a task_n to_o imitate_v christ_n and_o his_o apostle_n before_o his_o death_n sigismond_n get_v the_o diet_n to_o elect_v his_o son_n 1548._o sigismond_n ii_o surname_v afterward_o augustus_n who_o be_v crown_v in_o the_o year_n 1548_o and_o reign_v to_o 1576._o etc._n the_o diet_n be_v very_o angry_a diet._n with_o he_o that_o after_o his_o coronation_n he_o marry_v the_o lady_n radzivil_n widow_n to_o a_o woievod_n without_o their_o consent_n which_o be_v against_o the_o constitution_n of_o that_o kingdom_n but_o this_o queen_n die_v soon_o after_o without_o child_n they_o agree_v to_o his_o marriage_n with_o the_o princess_n catharine_n another_o widow_n of_o the_o house_n of_o austria_n which_o be_v before_o marry_v to_o francis_n duke_n of_o mantua_n in_o his_o time_n livonia_n which_o be_v a_o great_a province_n that_o lie_v between_o prussia_n swedeland_n muscovy_n and_o lithuania_n whereof_o part_n belong_v to_o the_o teutonic_n order_n and_o part_n to_o the_o archbishop_n of_o riga_n be_v the_o whole_a under_o protection_n of_o the_o empire_n be_v like_a to_o have_v be_v overrun_v by_o the_o great_a duke_n of_o muscovy_n who_o bring_v thither_o a_o powerful_a army_n for_o that_o purpose_n and_o take_v most_o of_o its_o to_n whereupon_o the_o inhabitant_n find_v they_o be_v not_o able_a alone_o to_o resist_v so_o great_a a_o force_n send_v to_o the_o emperor_n ferdinand_n for_o relief_n who_o be_v
all_o livonia_n except_o the_o duchy_n of_o curland_n which_o be_v leave_v still_o tributary_n to_o poland_n ducal_z prussia_n be_v entire_o in_o the_o elector_n of_o brandenburg_n hand_n of_o which_o he_o be_v of_o late_a a_o independent_a sovereign_n pomerania_n be_v now_o possess_v by_o the_o swede_n and_o german_n between_o they_o and_o dantzic_n be_v in_o the_o nature_n of_o a_o little_a republic_n or_o hans-town_n yet_o under_o the_o protection_n of_o poland_n extent_n thus_o your_o lordship_n may_v observe_v that_o the_o neighbour_a prince_n have_v clip_v so_o close_a the_o skirt_n of_o this_o vast_a empire_n that_o they_o have_v reduce_v it_o to_o one_o three_o of_o what_o it_o have_v heretofore_o be_v yet_o notwithstanding_o all_o these_o loss_n it_o be_v still_o reckon_v to_o the_o full_a as_o large_a as_o the_o kingdom_n of_o france_n but_o its_o frontier_n towards_o tartary_n be_v altogether_o desolate_a most_o of_o the_o inhabitant_n have_v be_v carry_v away_o into_o captivity_n either_o by_o the_o turk_n or_o tartar_n to_o give_v your_o lordship_n a_o just_a account_n of_o the_o present_a extent_n of_o poland_n i_o must_v divide_v it_o into_o its_o several_a remain_v province_n which_o be_v but_o eight_o viz._n little_o &_o great_a poland_n regal_a prussia_n russia_n masovia_n samogitia_n volhynia_n &_o podlachia_n but_o first_o a_o word_n or_o two_o of_o the_o country_n in_o general_n bound_n poland_n together_o with_o the_o great_a duchy_n of_o lithuania_n be_v now_o bound_v on_o the_o north_n by_o moscovy_n livonia_n and_o the_o baltic_a sea_n on_o the_o south_n by_o moldavia_n transylvania_n and_o hungary_n on_o the_o east_n by_o vkraina_n which_o belong_v to_o the_o turk_n and_o the_o dutchy_n of_o smolensko_n severia_n czernicovia_n and_o kiovia_n which_o be_v now_o in_o possession_n of_o the_o muscovite_n and_o on_o the_o west_n by_o pomerania_n brandenburg_n bohemia_n and_o silesia_n it_o extend_v itself_o from_o south_n to_o north_n that_o be_v from_o the_o carpathian_n mountain_n to_o the_o gulf_n of_o riga_n about_o 200_o league_n from_o the_o 45_o degree_n 36_o minute_n to_o the_o 55_o degree_n 29_o minute_n of_o latitude_n and_o from_o east_n to_o west_n that_o be_v from_o smoleusko_n and_o the_o vkraine_n to_o the_o frontier_n of_o pomerania_n bohemia_n and_o silesia_n above_o 240._o soil_n it_o be_v soil_n for_o the_o most_o part_n be_v champain_n though_o towards_o the_o border_n of_o hungary_n very_o mountainous_a and_o woody_a yet_o as_o it_o decline_v from_o thence_o it_o general_o grow_v more_o fruitful_a there_o be_v only_o one_o great_a mountain_n in_o the_o middle_n of_o lesser_n poland_n call_v mons_fw-la calvus_n the_o bald_a mountain_n though_o it_o have_v a_o monastery_n on_o the_o top_n of_o it_o surname_v the_o holy_a cross_n and_o dedicate_v to_o our_o saviour_n what_o other_o you_o shall_v meet_v with_o may_v be_v rather_o term_v little_a hill_n than_o mountain_n the_o eastern_a part_n of_o this_o kingdom_n be_v full_a of_o forest_n wood_n marsh_n lake_n and_o river_n which_o afford_v a_o delightful_a vista_n to_o the_o open_a country_n product_n heretofore_o poland_n be_v say_v to_o have_v be_v almost_o all_o wood_n but_o now_o be_v cultivate_v by_o the_o industry_n of_o its_o inhabitant_n it_o produce_v everywhere_o all_o kind_n of_o fruit_n grain_n and_o herb_n nay_o it_o want_v for_o neither_o fowl_n nor_o fish_n and_o moreover_o abound_v with_o all_o sort_n of_o tame_a and_o wild_a beast_n there_o be_v also_o vine_n in_o many_o place_n who_o grape_n be_v not_o ungrateful_a to_o the_o palate_n especial_o if_o the_o summer_n and_o autumn_n be_v never_o so_o little_a favourable_a but_o the_o wine_n be_v general_o very_o sharp_a when_o it_o have_v once_o be_v draw_v off_o in_o the_o mountain_n be_v to_o be_v find_v mine_n of_o silver_n copper_n lead_v and_o iron_n with_o divers_a other_o kind_n of_o mineral_n as_o also_o salt_n which_o be_v common_o take_v out_o in_o huge_a mass_n like_o stone_n out_o of_o a_o quarry_n the_o western_a part_n of_o this_o kingdom_n produce_v a_o great_a deal_n of_o corn_n which_o be_v transport_v in_o considerable_a quantity_n into_o foreign_a country_n and_o beside_o it_o abound_v with_o honey_n wax_n hemp_n and_o linen_n for_o sail_n all_o which_o be_v carry_v to_o dantzic_n and_o from_o thence_o transport_v village_n the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o town_n and_o all_o the_o village_n of_o this_o kingdom_n be_v of_o timber_n and_o thatch_a the_o gentleman_n house_n in_o the_o country_n be_v also_o of_o the_o same_o make._n the_o whole_a number_n of_o city_n town_n borough_n and_o village_n in_o poland_n amount_v to_o near_a a_o hundred_o and_o seventy_o thousand_o whereof_o there_o be_v not_o much_o above_o twenty_o wall_v there_o be_v two_o sort_n of_o city_n in_o this_o kingdom_n the_o first_o belong_v to_o the_o republic_n of_o which_o the_o king_n name_v the_o governor_n and_o other_o officer_n and_o the_o second_o be_v under_o the_o dominion_n of_o particular_a signior_n by_o hereditary_a succession_n of_o which_o there_o can_v be_v no_o other_o starostas_n but_o their_o own_o peculiar_a lord_n climate_n the_o air_n of_o this_o country_n be_v suitable_a to_o the_o climate_n and_o sometime_o so_o exceed_v cold_a that_o water_n freeze_v ere_o it_o fall_v to_o the_o ground_n and_o lake_n and_o river_n be_v so_o freeze_v up_o that_o coach_n and_o load_v cart_n pass_v over_o they_o for_o five_o or_o six_o month_n together_o even_o to_o the_o end_n of_o march._n river_n the_o most_o remarkable_a river_n of_o this_o country_n be_v the_o weissel_n or_o vistula_n the_o wart_n or_o varta_fw-la the_o nieper_n or_o boristbenes_n the_o niester_n or_o tyra_n the_o dwina_n or_o duna_n the_o bog_n or_o bobus_fw-la the_o bug_n or_o bugus_n the_o nieman_n or_o nemenus_n course_n the_o weissel_n or_o vistula_n take_v its_o rise_n in_o the_o duchy_n of_o teschen_n in_o silesia_n out_o of_o mount_n carpathus_n now_o crapack_o and_o run_v by_o the_o several_a city_n and_o town_n of_o oswieczin_n cracow_n sendomir_n casimir_n lublin_n warsaw_n plocskow_n vladislaw_n thorn_n culm_n bromberg_n grandentz_n newenburg_n elbing_n marienburg_n and_o dantzic_n this_o river_n ancient_o separate_v sarmatia_n europea_n from_o germany_n and_o have_v continue_v its_o course_n for_o above_o a_o hundred_o polish_v miles_n divide_v itself_o into_o two_o stream_n empty_v one_o into_o the_o bay_n of_o frischhaff_a and_o the_o other_o into_o the_o baltic_a sea_n vulgar_o call_v de_fw-fr oost_n zee_n the_o wart_n or_o varta_fw-la arise_v in_o lesser_n poland_n and_o after_o have_v water_v siradia_n kalisch_n posnan_n olstin_n etc._n etc._n fall_v into_o the_o other_o a_o river_n of_o silesia_n the_o nieper_n or_o boristhenes_n water_n smolensko_n traverse_n part_v of_o lithuania_n run_v through_o kiow_n or_o kiovia_n cross_v the_o vkraine_n and_o at_o length_n roll_v into_o the_o black_a sea_n near_o ockzakow_n the_o niester_n rise_v near_o the_o lake_n of_o leopol_n and_o have_v run_v by_o halitz_n caminiec_n etc._n etc._n discharge_v itself_o in_o like_a manner_n into_o the_o black_a or_o euxine_a sea_n near_o bialogrod_n the_o duna_n or_o dwina_n spring_v near_o biata_n in_o moscovy_n when_o have_v pass_v by_o witebsko_n polocz_n dunenburg_n kokenhauz_n etc._n etc._n with_o a_o course_n of_o 130_o league_n it_o at_o last_o throw_v itself_o into_o the_o gulf_n of_o riga_n in_o livonia_n the_o bog_n or_o bobus_fw-la take_v its_o origin_n from_o a_o lake_n in_o the_o frontier_n of_o podolia_n and_o have_v pass_v by_o constantinow_n bar_n and_o braclaw_v it_o fall_v into_o the_o nieper_n near_o ockzakow_n the_o bug_n spring_v in_o red_a russia_n near_o olesko_n or_o zborow_n and_o have_v run_v by_o the_o several_a place_n of_o glituani_n beltz_n sokal_n vlodzimierz_n chelm_fw-ge bresty_n and_o warsaw_n fall_v into_o the_o weissel_n by_o wischegrod_n the_o nieman_n or_o nemenus_n arise_v near_o slonim_n or_o rather_o nessivicz_n in_o the_o palatinate_n of_o novogrodec_n and_o water_n the_o side_n of_o novogrodec_n bielcz_n grodna_n troki_n vilna_n and_o after_o run_v into_o the_o baltic_a near_o tylsa_n lake_n in_o lower_n or_o great_a poland_n cujavia_n and_o the_o territory_n of_o lublin_n there_o be_v several_a considerable_a lake_n replenish_v with_o all_o sort_n of_o fresh_a fish_n the_o chief_a of_o these_o lake_n be_v goplo_n five_o mile_n long_o and_o half_a a_o mile_n broad_a next_o there_o be_v biale_n otherwise_o name_v the_o white_a lake_n which_o may_v be_v so_o call_v by_o a_o antiphrasis_n because_o in_o the_o month_n of_o april_n and_o may_v it_o die_v skin_n with_o a_o sort_n of_o swart_a tincture_n to_o proceed_v according_a to_o my_o division_n of_o this_o country_n in_o which_o i_o have_v follow_v starovolscius_fw-la i_o must_v begin_v with_o the_o first_o province_n of_o this_o kingdom_n which_o be_v province_n great_a or_o low_a poland_n bound_v
powerful_a have_v a_o joint_a interest_n to_o limit_v the_o king_n power_n and_o to_o keep_v the_o common_a people_n in_o subjection_n who_o be_v stupid_o please_v with_o or_o rather_o insensible_a of_o their_o slavery_n and_o the_o notion_n of_o liberty_n be_v so_o inbred_a with_o the_o polish_v gentry_n that_o if_o they_o shall_v suspect_v that_o their_o king_n do_v aim_n at_o make_v any_o breach_n upon_o their_o law_n they_o not_o only_o think_v themselves_o no_o long_o oblige_v to_o pay_v he_o allegiance_n but_o likewise_o exclude_v his_o child_n for_o they_o maintain_v that_o â—â—ex_fw-la est_fw-la rex_fw-la their_o law_n be_v their_o king_n and_o that_o they_o elect_v a_o prince_n only_o to_o head_n their_o army_n against_o the_o invasion_n of_o foreigner_n and_o to_o govern_v the_o turbulent_a spirit_n of_o the_o grâ—â—â—â—â—â—_n who_o think_v they_o be_v all_o equal_a among_o themselves_o and_o their_o king_n but_o the_o first_o among_o his_o eqâ—â—ls_n so_o thâ—â—_n the_o â—â—urest_a way_n for_o a_o king_n of_o poland_n to_o maâ—â—_n the_o crown_n hereditary_n be_v never_o to_o 〈◊〉_d but_o to_o â—â—ave_v entire_o to_o the_o free_a will_n of_o the_o diâ—â—_n to_o â—â—ouse_n who_o they_o please_v which_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d by_o the_o bad_a success_n prime_a 〈◊〉_d have_v in_o the_o â—â—te_a election_n cause_v by_o the_o ill_a conâ—â—â—â—_n of_o king_n â—â—obieski_n his_o father_n who_o prompt_v by_o his_o 〈◊〉_d and_o french_a counsel_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d â—â—ears_v before_o his_o death_n to_o persuade_v the_o dieâ—â—_n iâ—â—_n those_o a_o successor_n which_o draw_v such_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d and_o jealousy_n upon_o his_o child_n that_o very_o few_o appear_v for_o they_o in_o the_o last_o election_n thâ—â—_n he_o oblige_v the_o chief_a officer_n to_o who_o he_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d â—â—onsiderable_a employment_n to_o take_v a_o oath_n to_o 〈◊〉_d his_o child_n interest_n after_o his_o 〈◊〉_d but_o the_o pole_n who_o think_v themselves_o to_o long_a â—â—ound_n by_o their_o oath_n than_o they_o find_v they_o conformable_a to_o their_o law_n and_o interest_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d tâ—â—_n abandon_v those_o prince_n to_o choose_v the_o elector_n of_o saxony_n and_o to_o give_v a_o new_a precedent_n for_o two_o thing_n they_o never_o practise_v before_o to_o exclude_v their_o own_o king_n son_n and_o to_o elect_v a_o german_a prince_n for_o the_o distance_n and_o situâ—â—iâ—â—n_n of_o the_o elector_n of_o saxony_n hereditary_a dominion_n and_o the_o jealousy_n the_o other_o german_a prince_n will_v have_v conceive_v have_v he_o usurp_v more_o power_n than_o the_o law_n allow_v take_v away_o from_o the_o pole_n all_o suspicion_n that_o this_o prince_n will_v ever_o attempt_v to_o invade_v their_o privilege_n as_o they_o apprehend_v the_o prince_n of_o conti_n and_o perhaps_o john_n iii'_v child_n will_v have_v do_v when_o i_o come_v first_o into_o this_o nation_n my_o chief_a design_n be_v to_o converse_v with_o physician_n and_o other_o naturalist_n to_o improve_v my_o knowledge_n in_o the_o practice_n of_o physic_n and_o in_o natural_a history_n but_o find_v little_a here_o to_o satisfy_v my_o curiosity_n in_o these_o matter_n that_o i_o may_v not_o lose_v my_o labour_n in_o travel_v in_o so_o remote_a a_o country_n i_o resolve_v to_o look_v into_o their_o chronicle_n to_o inform_v myself_o of_o the_o origin_n of_o the_o monarchy_n of_o the_o succession_n and_o remarkable_a action_n of_o all_o its_o king_n of_o its_o geography_n and_o its_o product_n and_o to_o inquire_v into_o the_o ancient_n and_o present_a state_n of_o that_o vast_a kingdom_n which_o i_o have_v do_v with_o as_o much_o care_n and_o accuracy_n as_o i_o can_v well_o compass_v in_o so_o short_a a_o time_n people_z perhaps_o will_v admire_v how_o i_o can_v pretend_v to_o give_v a_o account_n of_o so_o large_a and_o ancient_a a_o kingdom_n not_o have_v be_v in_o it_o a_o full_a twelvemonth_n i_o own_o this_o be_v no_o small_a presumption_n in_o i_o have_v i_o undertake_v to_o give_v a_o complete_a history_n thereof_o but_o as_o i_o only_o relate_v brief_o either_o what_o i_o have_v gather_v from_o the_o best_a polish_v author_n learn_v from_o the_o most_o intelligent_a native_n or_o observe_v myself_o i_o hope_v the_o public_a will_v have_v no_o ill_a thought_n of_o i_o for_o this_o attempt_n the_o first_o writer_n of_o the_o polish_v history_n like_o most_o other_o historian_n be_v credulous_a and_o superstitious_a and_o have_v fill_v their_o write_n with_o a_o great_a many_o romantio_n and_o almost_o fabulous_a story_n which_o i_o have_v omit_v though_o i_o have_v insert_v some_o as_o the_o golden_a tooth_n the_o devour_a dragon_n popiel_n being_n eat_v by_o rat_n and_o some_o other_o not_o with_o a_o design_n to_o make_v the_o public_a believe_v they_o or_o that_o i_o believe_v they_o myself_o but_o only_o to_o show_v how_o the_o ignorance_n of_o some_o and_o the_o unfair_a relation_n of_o other_o have_v impose_v upon_o the_o world_n in_o all_o age_n i_o know_v something_o of_o the_o constitution_n of_o poland_n before_o i_o go_v thither_o have_v former_o converse_v with_o several_a gentleman_n of_o that_o country_n at_o paris_n in_o italy_n and_o germany_n which_o incline_v i_o in_o some_o measure_n to_o travel_v with_o some_o of_o they_o from_o thence_o into_o that_o kingdom_n beside_o i_o come_v out_o of_o poland_n with_o the_o electoress_n of_o bavaria_n the_o king_n daughter_n in_o company_n with_o several_a native_n thereof_o who_o attend_v her_o highness_n from_o warsaw_n to_o brussels_n in_o this_o long_a journey_n i_o have_v likewise_o opportunity_n to_o inform_v myself_o further_o of_o the_o present_a state_n of_o that_o country_n so_o that_o i_o have_v not_o only_o collect_v this_o imperfect_a account_n which_o i_o have_v venture_v to_o give_v of_o it_o during_o the_o little_a time_n i_o reside_v at_o the_o king_n court_n but_o likewise_o before_o i_o come_v thither_o and_o since_o i_o leave_v it_o i_o do_v not_o at_o first_o design_n this_o historical_a account_n shall_v swell_v to_o so_o great_a a_o bulk_n nor_o that_o chief_o the_o geographical_a part_n shall_v be_v so_o tedious_o long_a but_o think_v to_o reduce_v the_o whole_a to_o the_o narrow_a compass_n of_o one_o volume_n until_o mr._n s_o consider_v the_o inconveniency_n of_o too_o small_a a_o epitome_n enlarge_v the_o geography_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o poland_n and_o of_o the_o great_a duchy_n of_o lithuania_n to_o make_v the_o relation_n of_o they_o both_o more_o exact_a and_o more_o satisfactory_a to_o such_o as_o be_v desirous_a to_o compare_v the_o town_n and_o province_n with_o the_o map_n the_o content_n of_o the_o first_o volume_n letter_n i._o to_o the_o right_n honourable_a william_n lord_n dartmouth_n of_o the_o origin_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o poland_n with_o the_o succession_n and_o remarkable_a action_n of_o its_o first_o duke_n from_o the_o year_n 550_o to_o 830._o let._n two_o to_o the_o right_n honourable_a laurence_n earl_n of_o rochester_n ambassador_n from_o his_o majesty_n charles_n ii_o into_o poland_n contain_v the_o second_o and_o three_o class_n of_o the_o king_n of_o that_o country_n or_o the_o succession_n and_o remarkable_a action_n of_o the_o family_n of_o piastus_n and_o jagello_n from_o the_o year_n 830_o to_o the_o year_n 1574._o let._n iii_o to_o his_o grace_n william_n duke_n of_o devonshire_n lord_n steward_n of_o his_o majesty_n household_n of_o the_o succession_n and_o remarkable_a action_n of_o the_o four_o class_n of_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n consist_v of_o mix_a family_n from_o the_o year_n 1574_o to_o 1674._o let._n iu._n to_o the_o right_n honourable_a william_n earl_n of_o yarmouth_n concern_v the_o family_n and_o remarkable_a action_n of_o john_n iii_o king_n of_o poland_n as_o also_o his_o daughter_n marriage_n to_o the_o present_a elector_n of_o bavaria_n etc._n etc._n let._n v._o to_o the_o right_n honourable_a charles_n lord_n townsend_n of_o the_o extent_n and_o product_n of_o poland_n together_o with_o a_o description_n of_o the_o chief_a town_n and_o province_n of_o that_o kingdom_n let._n vi_o to_o george_n stepney_n esq_n his_o majesty_n envoy_n extraordinary_a to_o the_o prince_n of_o the_o empire_n of_o the_o extent_n and_o product_n of_o the_o great_a duchy_n of_o lithuania_n with_o a_o account_n of_o its_o chief_a town_n and_o province_n the_o content_n of_o the_o second_o volume_n be_v the_o present_a state_n of_o poland_n in_o several_a letter_n letter_n i._o to_o his_o grace_n thomas_n lord_n archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n of_o the_o form_n of_o the_o government_n in_o poland_n and_o of_o the_o king_n power_n and_o revenue_n let._n ii_o to_o his_o grace_n the_o duke_n of_o norfolk_n of_o the_o senate_n of_o poland_n or_o house_n of_o peer_n consist_v of_o bishop_n palatine_n castellan_n and_o the_o ten_o great_a officer_n of_o the_o crown_n as_o likewise_o of_o the_o starosta_n and_o other_o person_n of_o note_n let._n iii_o to_o
the_o right_n honourable_a james_n vernon_n esq_n principal_a secretary_n of_o state_n of_o the_o diet_n or_o parliament_n of_o poland_n and_o other_o court_n of_o judicature_n let._n iu._n to_o the_o earl_n of_o marlborough_n of_o the_o election_n and_o coronation_n of_o a_o king_n of_o poland_n with_o the_o interregnum_fw-la let._n v._o to_o the_o lord_n marquis_n of_o of_o the_o power_n of_o the_o gentry_n and_o slavery_n of_o the_o people_n in_o poland_n where_o the_o genius_n character_n and_o manner_n of_o live_v of_o the_o pole_n be_v relate_v let._n vi_o to_o his_o grace_n the_o duke_n of_o ormond_n of_o the_o state_n of_o the_o army_n fort_n and_o military_a affair_n in_o poland_n let._n vii_o to_o his_o excellency_n mounseur_fw-fr de_fw-fr cleverskerk_n ambassador_n from_o holland_n a_o account_n of_o the_o trade_n and_o riches_n of_o poland_n as_o likewise_o of_o the_o city_n of_o dantzic_n let._n viii_o to_o the_o earl_n of_o burlington_n of_o the_o origin_n of_o the_o teutonic_n order_n and_o the_o succession_n of_o its_o great_a master_n in_o prussia_n and_o in_o livonia_n with_o its_o present_a state_n in_o the_o empire_n let._n ix_o to_o sir_n thomas_n millington_n precedent_n of_o the_o college_n of_o physician_n of_o the_o state_n of_o learning_n of_o natural_a knowledge_n and_o particular_o of_o the_o practice_n of_o physic_n in_o poland_n with_o a_o account_n of_o some_o natural_a thing_n chief_o of_o a_o disease_n in_o the_o hair_n peculiar_a to_o the_o pole_n call_v plica_fw-la polonica_fw-la let._n x._o from_o baron_n blomberg_n his_o highness_n the_o duke_n of_o curland_n minister_n to_o dr._n connor_n give_v a_o account_n of_o the_o duke_n of_o curland_n family_n strength_n and_o revenue_n as_o likewise_o the_o extent_n and_o product_n of_o his_o territory_n let._n xi_o to_o the_o honourable_a mr._n bridges_n elder_a son_n to_o my_o lord_n chandois_n and_o fellow_n of_o the_o royal_a society_n give_v a_o anatomical_a account_n of_o the_o natural_a cause_n why_o people_n must_v necessary_o die_v of_o old_a age_n alone_o attend_v with_o no_o other_o disease_n let._n xii_o to_o explain_v the_o nature_n of_o curable_a and_o incurable_a wound_n demonstrate_v by_o practical_a observation_n and_o anatomical_a experiment_n the_o small_a number_n of_o wound_n which_o be_v of_o themselves_o absolute_o mortal_a and_o show_v the_o true_a use_n and_o common_a abuse_n of_o styptic_a water_n and_o powder_n in_o the_o practice_n of_o surgery_n a_o catalogue_n of_o such_o author_n as_o have_v be_v consult_v in_o both_o volume_n of_o this_o book_n whereof_o some_o have_v be_v quote_v and_o other_o omit_v on_o account_n of_o consent_n in_o opinion_n pomponius_n mela_n de_fw-fr sarmatiâ_fw-la commentariolus_n hartmanni_n schedii_fw-la de_fw-la sarmatiâ_fw-la aeneas_n silvius_n de_fw-fr poloniâ_fw-la lithuania_n &_o prussiâ_fw-la five_o borussiâ_fw-la martini_n cromeri_fw-la polonia_n alexandri_fw-la guagnini_n rerum_fw-la polonicarum_fw-la sigismundi_fw-la liberi_fw-la baronis_fw-la in_o herberstein_n descriptio_fw-la lithuaniae_fw-la jacobi_n pritusii_n de_fw-fr provinciis_fw-la polonicis_n chronicon_fw-la poloniae_fw-la vincentii_fw-la kadlubâ—â—i_fw-la matth._n de_fw-fr michovia_n chronica_fw-la polonorum_fw-la polonici_fw-la regni_fw-la tredecem_fw-la mutationes_fw-la johannes_n duglossus_n annales_n polonorum_fw-la salomonis_fw-la neugebaveri_fw-la historia_fw-la polonica_fw-la johannes_n herburtus_n à _fw-fr fulstin_n compendium_n historiae_fw-la polonicae_fw-la flosculi_fw-la legum_n polonicarum_fw-la stanislai_n orichovii_n annales_n mariciani_n mattbiae_fw-la ladouli_fw-la constitut_n polon_n compendium_n pastorii_fw-la florus_n polonicus_fw-la johannis_n boteri_fw-la poloniae_fw-la descriptio_fw-la historia_fw-la reformationis_fw-la polonicae_fw-la authore_fw-la stanistao_n lubiensko_n equite_v polono_n stanislai_n krzistanowicksi_fw-la status_fw-la poloniae_fw-la simonis_n starâ—â—volsâ—â—ii_fw-la poloniae_fw-la relation_n historique_n de_fw-fr pologne_n par_fw-fr mons_fw-la hauteville_n hartkâ—â—â—bii_n respublica_fw-la polonorum_fw-la adam_n bremensis_n seculi_fw-la ix_o scriptor_n historia_n ecclesiastic_o alhini_n chronicon_fw-la hornii_n arca_n noae_n historia_fw-la de_fw-la vitâ_fw-la &_o obitu_fw-la sigismundi_fw-la augusti_fw-la heidenstein_n de_fw-fr rebus_fw-la polonicis_n ab_fw-la exoessii_fw-la sigismundi_fw-la augusti_fw-la dâ—â—â—â—soanorum_fw-la clades_fw-la a_o johanne_n lasicio_n polonâ—â—_n â—â—obâ—â—slaus_n balbinus_n historis_n bohemiae_n 〈◊〉_d historia_n bohemiae_n 〈◊〉_d chronica_fw-la pomeranie_n alberti_fw-la cranzii_n polonicarum_fw-la rerum_fw-la 〈◊〉_d annalâ—â—s_n polon_n 〈◊〉_d i._o regis_fw-la poloniae_fw-la cum_fw-la fragmentl_v 〈◊〉_d vladislai_n boloniâ—â—_n &_o sueciae_fw-la principis_fw-la vita_fw-la casamir_n roy_fw-fr de_fw-fr pologne_n guerre_fw-fr civili_fw-la di_fw-fr poliniae_n di_fw-mi alberto_n viâ—â—ina_n description_n d'_fw-fr vkraine_n par_fw-fr beauplan_n cuerres_n des_fw-fr turcs_n avec_fw-fr la_fw-fr pologne_n histoire_n des_fw-fr cosaques_n &_o leur_fw-fr guerres_n contre_fw-fr la_fw-fr pologne_n la_fw-fr politic_n des_fw-fr polonois_fw-fr 〈◊〉_d diere_z histoire_n des_fw-fr dietes_n philippi_n honorii_n de_fw-fr interregno_fw-la grammatica_fw-la seu_fw-la institutio_fw-la polonice_n linguae_fw-la effata_fw-la regum_fw-la poloniae_fw-la 〈◊〉_d polonica_fw-la book_n print_v for_o daniel_n brown_n and_o abel_n roper_n 1._o four_o treatise_n of_o physic_n and_o chirurgery_n 1._o a_o physico-medical_n essay_n concern_v alkaly_n and_o acid._n 2._o farther_o consideration_n on_o the_o say_a essay_n 3._o a_o new_a light_n of_o chirurgery_n 4._o the_o new_a light_n of_o chirurgery_n vindicate_v from_o many_o unjust_a aspersion_n by_o j._n colebatch_n a_o member_n of_o the_o college_n of_o physician_n 2._o his_o treatise_n of_o the_o gout_n 3._o his_o doctrine_n of_o acid_n in_o the_o cure_n of_o disease_n far_o assert_v in_o which_o be_v contain_v some_o thing_n relate_v to_o the_o history_n of_o blood_n etc._n etc._n 4._o nature_n and_o qualification_n of_o religion_n in_o reference_n to_o civil_a society_n write_a by_o sam._n puffendorf_n counsellor_n of_o state_n to_o the_o late_a king_n of_o sweden_n translate_v from_o the_o original_a the_o present_a and_o ancient_a state_n of_o muscovy_n in_o which_o be_v insert_v all_o thing_n material_a to_o be_v know_v in_o relation_n to_o that_o vast_a country_n with_o several_a sculpture_n and_o a_o new_a map_n a_o new_a map_n of_o poland_n exact_o delineate_v after_o the_o best_a modern_a geographer_n the_o sentient_a and_o present_a state_n of_o â—â—oland_n part_n i._o the_o ancient_a state_n letter_n i._n 〈◊〉_d the_o right_n honourable_a william_n lord_n dartmouth_n 〈◊〉_d the_o origin_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o poland_n with_o the_o succession_n and_o remarkable_a action_n of_o its_o first_o duke_n from_o the_o year_n 550_o to_o 830._o my_o lord_n have_v have_v the_o good_a fortune_n some_o year_n since_o to_o meet_v your_o lordship_n at_o venice_n in_o my_o travel_n from_o france_n â—â—hrough_a italy_n and_o germany_n into_o poland_n i_o â—â—ound_v that_o not_o content_v with_o a_o superficial_a â—â—nd_n transitory_a account_n of_o place_n your_o genius_n lead_v you_o natural_o to_o inquire_v not_o only_o into_o the_o government_n law_n and_o character_n of_o the_o several_a nation_n you_o pass_v through_o but_o likewise_o to_o examine_v nice_o into_o their_o maxim_n of_o state_n and_o their_o different_a interest_n and_o this_o that_o by_o discover_v the_o excellency_n of_o some_o of_o their_o constitution_n and_o defect_n in_o other_o you_o may_v like_o a_o wise_a and_o think_v patriot_n admire_v the_o perfection_n of_o our_o own_o government_n goodness_n of_o our_o law_n and_o wisdom_n of_o our_o senate_n whereof_o you_o yourself_o be_v so_o worthy_a a_o member_n my_o lord_n you_o may_v remember_v that_o after_o your_o resolution_n to_o take_v medicine_n as_o well_o as_o my_o small_a skill_n in_o prescribe_v they_o have_v have_v the_o good_a effect_n of_o cure_v your_o lordship_n at_o venice_n of_o that_o acute_a disease_n which_o make_v i_o almost_o despair_v of_o your_o recovery_n i_o leave_v you_o at_o milan_n with_o the_o earl_n of_o kildare_n to_o gather_v strength_n and_o go_v through_o tyrol_n bavaria_n and_o austria_n down_o the_o danube_n to_o vienna_n where_o have_v stay_v for_o some_o time_n to_o see_v the_o emperor_n court_n i_o set_v forward_o with_o some_o nobleman_n of_o poland_n through_o moravia_n and_o silesia_n to_o cracow_n the_o capital_a city_n of_o that_o kingdom_n from_o whence_o in_o eight_o day_n we_o arrive_v with_o a_o numerous_a attendance_n at_o the_o king_n court_n which_o always_o reside_v at_o warsaw_n where_o i_o be_v kind_o receive_v by_o the_o late_a king_n john_n sobieski_n who_o do_v i_o the_o honour_n to_o intrust_v i_o with_o the_o care_n of_o his_o decay_a health_n and_o sometime_o afterward_o his_o majesty_n send_v i_o with_o her_o electoral_a highness_n the_o princess_n tcresa_n his_o only_a daughter_n then_o marry_v to_o the_o elector_n of_o bavaria_n to_o take_v care_n likewise_o of_o her_o health_n in_o her_o long_a winter_n journey_n from_o warsaw_n to_o brussels_n which_o give_v i_o opportunity_n to_o come_v soon_o out_o of_o that_o kingdom_n than_o i_o at_o first_o apprehend_v i_o can_v though_o my_o lord_n my_o chief_a business_n both_o in_o poland_n and_o other_o
about_o the_o antiquity_n of_o the_o monarchy_n of_o persia_n greece_n and_o rome_n a_o certain_a merry_a fellow_n start_v up_o and_o cry_v what_o make_v you_o thus_o boast_v gentleman_n of_o the_o antiquity_n and_o extent_n of_o these_o monarchy_n when_o we_o of_o babina_n be_v much_o more_o ancient_a and_o of_o wide_a bound_n than_o they_o all_o what_o say_v david_n omnis_fw-la homo_fw-la mendax_fw-la all_o man_n be_v liar_n wherefore_o the_o whole_a earth_n must_v consequent_o have_v be_v comprehend_v within_o the_o limit_n of_o our_o jurisdiction_n from_o all_o age_n his_o opinion_n be_v unanimous_o receive_v with_o applause_n this_o society_n further_o boast_v of_o have_v always_o have_v privilege_n and_o immunity_n from_o emperor_n and_o king_n but_o still_o such_o as_o be_v too_o severe_a in_o their_o reflection_n be_v not_o to_o be_v admit_v of_o this_o republic_n the_o place_n where_o this_o assembly_n meet_v the_o member_n term_v gelda_n be_v the_o word_n that_o the_o dantzicker_n use_v for_o a_o tavern_n and_o which_o the_o pole_n apply_v to_o a_o merry_a company_n of_o witty_a fellow_n death_n sigismond_n die_v of_o a_o chronical_a distemper_n at_o knyssin_n in_o the_o confine_n of_o lithuania_n &c_n &c_n and_o leave_v no_o child_n but_o have_v two_o sister_n survive_v catherine_n and_o ann_n the_o former_a of_o which_o be_v first_o marry_v to_o john_n duke_n of_o finland_n and_o then_o to_o the_o king_n of_o sweden_n she_o be_v mother_n to_o sigismond_n iii_o who_o be_v afterward_o king_n of_o sweden_n and_o poland_n ann_n live_v a_o long_a while_o a_o maid_n till_o she_o be_v marry_v to_o stephen_n batori_fw-mi prince_n of_o transilvania_n and_o afterward_o king_n of_o poland_n extinct_a after_o this_o sigismund_n death_n the_o male_a race_n of_o the_o jagellonic_a family_n be_v quite_o extinct_a i_o be_o afraid_a i_o have_v almost_o tire_v your_o lordship_n patience_n with_o this_o prolix_a narrative_n of_o the_o second_o and_o three_o class_n of_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n yet_o i_o can_v safe_o aver_v that_o i_o have_v be_v as_o concise_a as_o the_o subject_a matter_n will_v hear_v since_o i_o have_v run_v through_o the_o course_n of_o about_o 800_o year_n where_o your_o lordship_n may_v observe_v that_o though_o these_o prince_n can_v never_o prevail_v with_o their_o subject_n to_o declare_v their_o kingdom_n hereditary_a yet_o they_o have_v sometime_o influence_n sufficient_a over_o they_o to_o cause_v they_o to_o elect_v their_o child_n for_o their_o successor_n while_o they_o themselves_o be_v yet_o alive_a and_o likewise_o sometime_o the_o great_a service_n they_o have_v render_v their_o country_n oblige_v the_o pole_n in_o gratitude_n to_o advance_v their_o issue_n to_o the_o throne_n after_o their_o death_n beside_o the_o natural_a affection_n which_o this_o country_n always_o bear_v to_o the_o royal_a family_n incline_v they_o to_o elect_v the_o next_o relation_n to_o the_o decease_a king_n but_o notwithstanding_o after_o sigismond_n the_o second_v death_n though_o there_o be_v several_a of_o the_o family_n of_o piastus_n and_o jagello_n remain_v alive_a both_o in_o poland_n and_o silesia_n yet_o the_o pole_n for_o fear_v so_o long_o and_o so_o uninterrupted_a a_o succession_n of_o prince_n of_o the_o same_o line_n may_v subject_v they_o to_o a_o despotic_a monarchy_n as_o they_o almost_o be_v in_o sigismund_n time_n resolve_v to_o choose_v king_n out_o of_o other_o family_n as_o they_o effectual_o do_v afterward_o out_o of_o france_n transilvania_n and_o sweden_n which_o it_o will_v be_v too_o tedious_a to_o give_v your_o lordship_n a_o relation_n of_o and_o therefore_o to_o ease_v your_o impatience_n i_o will_v subscribe_v myself_o my_o lord_n your_o lordship_n be_v most_o obedient_a humble_a servant_n b._n c._n letter_n iii_o to_o his_o grace_n william_n duke_n of_o devonshire_n lord_n steward_n of_o his_o majesty_n household_n of_o the_o succession_n and_o remarkable_a action_n of_o the_o four_o class_n of_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n consist_v of_o mix_a family_n from_o the_o year_n 1574_o to_o 1674._o my_o lord_n the_o great_a esteem_n and_o true_a respect_n which_o your_o eminent_a quality_n and_o gallant_a behaviour_n both_o beyond_o sea_n and_o at_o home_n command_v from_o all_o those_o who_o have_v hear_v of_o your_o name_n make_v i_o ambitious_a to_o give_v your_o grace_n in_o this_o account_n of_o poland_n a_o testimony_n of_o i_o and_o congratulate_v myself_o in_o the_o honour_n of_o be_v know_v to_o so_o great_a a_o person_n the_o subject_a my_o lord_n i_o think_v most_o suitable_a to_o so_o great_a a_o mind_n and_o genius_n as_o you_o be_v a_o relation_n of_o heroic_a action_n i_o mean_v the_o live_v of_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n from_o the_o last_o of_o the_o jagellonick_a family_n to_o the_o election_n of_o the_o late_a king_n john_n sobieski_n comprehend_v the_o space_n of_o a_o hundred_o year_n by_o sigismond_n the_o second_v death_n the_o great_a and_o renown_a family_n of_o jagello_n come_v to_o be_v extinct_a as_o to_o male_n for_o he_o leave_v no_o child_n and_o have_v only_o two_o sister_n catherine_n and_o ann._n the_o former_a be_v first_o marry_v to_o john_n duke_n of_o finland_n and_o next_o to_o john_n iii_o king_n of_o sueden_n have_v be_v mother_n to_o sigismond_n iii_o who_o be_v afterward_o both_o king_n of_o poland_n and_o sueden_n the_o latter_a ann_n live_v a_o maid_n for_o a_o considerable_a while_n till_o stephen_n batori_n prince_n of_o transylvania_n be_v elect_a king_n of_o poland_n marry_v she_o but_o have_v no_o issue_n by_o she_o call_v the_o abp_n of_o gnesna_n james_n vchanski_n have_v notify_v the_o late_a king_n death_n to_o all_o the_o gentry_n call_v a_o diet_n after_o the_o usual_a manner_n to_o elect_a another_o whereupon_o several_a candidate_n appear_v they_o all_o have_v their_o different_a party_n and_o friend_n in_o the_o kingdom_n the_o chief_a pretender_n be_v ernest_n of_o austria_n the_o emperor_n son_n john_n iii_o king_n of_o sueden_n the_o great_a duke_n of_o muscovy_n and_o henry_n of_o valois_n brother_n to_o charles_n ix_o of_o france_n beside_o several_a native_n of_o the_o country_n after_o a_o long_a deliberation_n they_o pitch_v upon_o 1574._o henry_n of_o valois_n duke_n of_o anjou_n and_o send_v 2._o adam_n conarsky_n bishop_n of_o posnan_n and_o albert_n laski_n palatin_n of_o siradia_n in_o quality_n of_o ambassador_n together_o with_o several_a other_o senator_n into_o france_n to_o bring_v he_o into_o his_o kingdom_n after_o have_v agree_v to_o the_o follow_a article_n to_o the_o performance_n of_o which_o both_o the_o king_n of_o france_n and_o his_o brother_n the_o king_n of_o poland_n take_v a_o solemn_a oath_n the_o article_n be_v as_o follow_v imprimis_fw-la that_o henry_n of_o valois_n shall_v transport_v all_o his_o effect_n and_o annual_a revenue_n in_o france_n into_o poland_n 2._o that_o the_o king_n of_o france_n shall_v pay_v sigismond_n the_o late_a king_n debt_n with_o his_o own_o money_n 3._o that_o the_o french_a king_n shall_v maintain_v a_o hundred_o young_a polish_v nobleman_n at_o his_o court_n and_o fifty_o in_o other_o place_n 4._o and_o last_o that_o he_o shall_v build_v a_o fleet_n in_o the_o baltic_a sea_n and_o help_v the_o pole_n to_o carry_v on_o the_o war_n against_o the_o muscovite_n there_o be_v another_o article_n the_o king_n will_v by_o no_o mean_n consent_n to_o till_o he_o come_v into_o poland_n and_o that_o be_v 5._o that_o he_o shall_v marry_v the_o princess_n ann_n sister_n to_o sigismond_n late_a king_n of_o poland_n king_n henry_n have_v thus_o chief_o satisfy_v the_o condition_n he_o set_v forth_o from_o paris_n about_o the_o begin_n of_o october_n in_o the_o year_n 1576_o and_o pass_v through_o lorain_n and_o germany_n direct_o to_o posnan_n in_o poland_n whence_o he_o soon_o after_o coronation_n go_v and_o be_v crown_v at_o cracow_n the_o 21_o of_o february_n 1577_o but_o in_o four_o month_n time_n after_o his_o coronation_n receive_v letter_n from_o france_n that_o the_o king_n his_o brother_n be_v 1._o dead_a without_o issue_n and_o be_v beg_v to_o return_v to_o enjoy_v his_o right_n he_o communicate_v those_o letter_n to_o the_o senate_n acquaint_v they_o withal_o that_o it_o be_v necessary_a he_o shall_v return_v into_o france_n to_o prevent_v civil_a war_n and_o maintain_v his_o title_n to_o that_o crown_n but_o fear_v lest_o the_o pole_n may_v have_v detain_v he_o as_o i_o have_v often_o hear_v they_o say_v they_o will_v certain_o have_v do_v on_o the_o 18_o of_o march_n he_o steal_v away_o poland_n and_o rid_v post_n through_o silesia_n and_o germany_n into_o italy_n and_o thence_o to_o france_n the_o king_n be_v miss_v next_o morning_n they_o send_v several_a senator_n after_o he_o who_o overtake_v he_o in_o silesia_n and_o beg_v of_o he_o to_o return_v and_o not_o abandon_v a_o nation_n so_o shameful_o which_o
the_o republic_n next_o the_o primate_n stanislaus_n karnkowski_n notify_v the_o death_n of_o the_o king_n according_a to_o call_v custom_n and_o call_v a_o general_n diet_n to_o meet_v at_o warsaw_n in_o march_n where_o it_o be_v afterward_o agree_v that_o the_o diet_n of_o election_n shall_v meet_v in_o june_n follow_v the_o lutheran_n contend_v so_o high_a for_o their_o share_n in_o the_o government_n that_o for_o peace_n sake_n they_o have_v more_o grant_v they_o than_o the_o ancient_a law_n of_o the_o kingdom_n allow_v for_o in_o this_o assembly_n their_o party_n be_v so_o strong_a that_o they_o not_o only_o obtain_v toleration_n but_o also_o perpetual_a conscience_n liberty_n of_o conscience_n this_o the_o bishop_n vigorous_o oppose_v which_o make_v the_o primate_n and_o bishop_n of_o vladislaw_n leave_v the_o diet_n dissatisfy_v when_o demetrius_n sulikowski_n archbishop_n of_o leopol_n preside_v in_o the_o assembly_n in_o conjunction_n with_o laurence_n goslicki_n bishop_n of_o caminiec_n consider_v the_o confusion_n occasion_v by_o the_o absence_n of_o the_o primate_n think_v it_o either_o necessary_a to_o comply_v with_o the_o lutheran_n or_o to_o dismiss_v the_o diet_n but_o the_o bishop_n of_o caminiec_n at_o last_o find_v a_o midway_n which_o be_v to_o grant_v the_o lutheran_n their_o demand_n but_o withal_o to_o insert_v a_o clause_n that_o what_o have_v be_v do_v at_o that_o session_n be_v mere_o to_o preserve_v the_o public_a peace_n the_o time_n of_o the_o election_n be_v come_v christopher_n zborowski_n who_o be_v banish_v during_o batori_n reign_n and_o now_o recall_v by_o the_o power_n of_o the_o lutheran_n appear_v at_o the_o head_n of_o 500_o french_a with_o as_o many_o german_n and_o lutheran_n faction_n as_o amount_v to_o near_o 10000_o man_n with_o these_o stanislaus_n de_fw-fr gorka_n palatin_n of_o posnania_n join_v he_o be_v a_o person_n of_o wit_n and_o extreme_o popular_a for_o though_o he_o be_v crook-backed_a yet_o his_o great_a estate_n and_o generous_a way_n of_o spend_v of_o it_o make_v he_o look_v upon_o with_o universal_a esteem_n zamoski_n be_v also_o at_o the_o head_n of_o a_o considerable_a number_n of_o troop_n which_o though_o they_o be_v few_o than_o those_o of_o the_o opposite_a party_n yet_o be_v they_o much_o better_o discipline_v with_o these_o he_o encamp_v within_o two_o mile_n of_o warsaw_n and_o entrench_v himself_o within_o line_n of_o circumvallation_n the_o wise_a part_n of_o the_o diet_n have_v a_o mind_n to_o accommodate_v these_o two_o faction_n order_v they_o audience_n one_o after_o another_o forbid_v either_o to_o appear_v in_o arm_n before_o they_o they_o also_o show_v a_o inclination_n to_o reverse_v what_o have_v be_v decree_v in_o favour_n of_o the_o lutheran_n which_o these_o last_o will_v by_o no_o mean_n hear_v of_o â—â—nitâ—â—d_v promise_v themselves_o a_o sufficient_a defence_n from_o their_o number_n which_o zamoski_n ridicule_v rely_v upon_o the_o better_a discipline_n of_o his_o follower_n the_o lutheran_n perceive_v there_o be_v no_o justice_n to_o be_v expect_v from_o the_o diet_n without_o any_o regard_n to_o their_o order_n come_v in_o arm_n before_o they_o after_o which_o they_o retire_v complain_v that_o they_o be_v deprive_v of_o their_o liberty_n this_o have_v soon_o occasion_v a_o rokâ—â—z_n 〈◊〉_d be_v a_o association_n in_o which_o the_o gentry_n be_v oblige_v to_o engage_v when_o they_o be_v oppress_v have_v not_o the_o primate_n timely_o prevent_v it_o during_o all_o this_o the_o lithuanian_n have_v not_o yet_o declare_v themselves_o and_o it_o may_v be_v it_o will_v suppress_v have_v be_v difficult_a to_o have_v know_v their_o mind_n have_v not_o a_o confusion_n give_v they_o occasion_n to_o explain_v they_o faction_n there_o be_v three_o faction_n at_o this_o election_n who_o power_n be_v almost_o equal_a the_o first_o be_v that_o of_o lithuania_n which_o be_v for_o elect_v theodore_n odonowic_n great_a duke_n of_o muscovy_n he_o have_v proffer_v to_o unite_v his_o dominion_n to_o those_o of_o poland_n this_o proposal_n may_v have_v be_v think_v plausible_a enough_o have_v it_o be_v make_v by_o any_o but_o muscovite_n the_o hope_n several_a of_o the_o gentry_n give_v the_o czar_n be_v apparent_o only_a to_o amuse_v he_o fear_v he_o may_v invade_v the_o kingdom_n during_o the_o interregnum_fw-la the_o second_o party_n be_v that_o of_o zborowski_n and_o gorka_n palatin_n of_o posnania_n they_o be_v entire_o in_o the_o interest_n of_o maximilian_n archduke_n of_o austria_n brother_n to_o the_o emperor_n rhodolph_n these_o 1._o anibal_n of_o capua_n the_o pope_n nuncio_n join_v notwithstanding_o they_o be_v lutheran_n yet_o he_o all_o along_o feed_v they_o up_o more_o with_o promise_n than_o present_v the_o three_o faction_n be_v that_o of_o the_o senate_n be_v the_o strong_a of_o the_o three_o by_o reason_n that_o zamoski_n with_o the_o flower_n of_o the_o polish_v army_n be_v on_o their_o side_n it_o be_v much_o doubt_v upon_o which_o of_o the_o candidate_n competitor_n the_o election_n will_v fall_v the_o czar_n of_o muscovy_n and_o a_o piasto_n be_v talk_v of_o only_a for_o fashion-sake_n the_o batori_n of_o transilvania_n have_v their_o envoy_n at_o the_o diet_n but_o they_o have_v no_o other_o order_n from_o their_o master_n than_o to_o demand_v the_o personal_a estate_n of_o the_o late_a king_n when_o have_v they_o ask_v the_o crown_n likewise_o it_o be_v high_o probable_a some_o regard_n may_v have_v be_v have_v to_o batori_n family_n sweden_n be_v upon_o the_o roll_n a_o three_o time_n though_o its_o king_n john_n have_v be_v reject_v in_o the_o two_o former_a election_n by_o reason_n he_o be_v think_v a_o lutheran_n but_o by_o the_o catholic_n liturgy_n publish_v in_o that_o kingdom_n in_o 1575._o the_o pole_n be_v disabused_a in_o that_o opinion_n wherefore_o his_o son_n sigismond_n be_v no_o long_o suspect_v for_o the_o pole_n have_v occasion_n to_o oppose_v some_o great_a power_n to_o the_o house_n of_o austria_n and_o what_o can_v be_v sitter_n for_o that_o purpose_n than_o the_o family_n of_o jagello_n from_o which_o sigismond_n be_v descend_v by_o his_o mother_n king_n john_n also_o cause_v his_o emissary_n to_o give_v out_o that_o lithuania_n of_o right_n belong_v to_o his_o son_n as_o be_v of_o the_o jagellonick_a race_n this_o bold_a claim_n may_v well_o have_v raise_v a_o war_n between_o sweden_n and_o poland_n have_v not_o the_o latter_a prudent_o think_v fit_a to_o avoid_v it_o policy_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n the_o lutheran_n be_v firm_o dispose_v to_o maximilian_n interest_n but_o zamoski_n break_v all_o their_o measure_n they_o have_v a_o mind_n to_o kidnap_v the_o primate_n but_o by_o the_o advice_n of_o this_o general_n he_o retire_v to_o the_o castle_n of_o warsaw_n nevertheless_o cardinal_n radzivil_n to_o who_o the_o house_n of_o austria_n have_v give_v a_o principality_n declare_v for_o maximilian_n as_o likewise_o do_v several_a other_o by_o his_o example_n this_o augment_v the_o courage_n of_o the_o lutheran_n yet_o do_v not_o in_o the_o least_o diminish_v that_o of_o zamoski_n follower_n both_o party_n be_v like_a to_o come_v to_o blow_n have_v not_o the_o bishop_n mount_v on_o horseback_n and_o interpose_v while_o these_o prelate_n be_v thus_o do_v their_o duty_n the_o pope_n nuncio_n though_o lame_a clamber_v up_o the_o high_a tower_n in_o warsaw_n to_o view_v the_o army_n he_o doubt_v not_o but_o his_o friend_n the_o lutheran_n will_v get_v the_o better_a their_o number_n be_v great_a at_o this_o the_o catholic_n be_v extreme_o offend_v and_o use_v to_o say_v that_o maximilian_n interest_n must_v needs_o fall_v be_v only_o support_v by_o a_o hook-back_a and_o a_o cripple_n the_o lutheran_n perceive_v that_o both_o the_o name_n and_o family_n of_o maximilian_n be_v odious_a to_o the_o pole_n agree_v together_o to_o relinquish_v he_o and_o propose_v the_o czar_n by_o which_o mean_n they_o bring_v over_o to_o their_o party_n those_o who_o be_v neither_o for_o maximilian_n nor_o sigismond_n audience_n after_o this_o the_o several_a ambassador_n have_v their_o audience_n the_o pope_n nuncio_n speak_v first_o and_o make_v his_o harangue_n chief_o on_o the_o good_a quality_n of_o maximilian_n but_o this_o candidate_n be_v not_o better_o like_v of_o than_o his_o orator_n or_o his_o panegyric_n stanislaus_n pawlowski_n the_o emperor_n minister_n be_v hear_v next_o who_o run_v also_o out_o in_o commendation_n of_o his_o master_n brother_n but_o from_o who_o there_o be_v more_o ill_a to_o be_v fear_v than_o good_a to_o be_v hope_v his_o fine_a speech_n be_v but_o little_o mind_v then_o come_v the_o ambassador_n of_o sueden_n to_o be_v introduce_v which_o be_v 2._o eric_n sparre_n senator_n and_o grand_a chancellor_n of_o that_o kingdom_n and_o eric_n brahé_n great_a master_n of_o prince_n sigismund_n household_n these_o insinuate_v that_o their_o master_n do_v not_o send_v soon_o because_o he_o know_v the_o great_a
ruin_n and_o the_o great_a disadvantage_n of_o the_o pole_n the_o only_a damage_n they_o sustain_v be_v when_o chmielinski_n be_v celebrate_v the_o nuptial_n of_o his_o son_n with_o the_o daughter_n of_o the_o prince_n of_o valachia_n where_o the_o pole_n surprise_v they_o retook_a the_o city_n of_o kiovia_n and_o plunder_v it_o as_o likewise_o make_v the_o grecian_a patriarch_n prisoner_n then_o the_o cosack_v send_v to_o the_o king_n to_o know_v if_o this_o have_v be_v do_v by_o his_o majesty_n order_n which_o be_v answer_v in_o the_o negative_a and_o moreover_o that_o the_o nobility_n have_v do_v it_o to_o be_v revenge_v on_o they_o for_o the_o frequent_a damage_n they_o have_v do_v they_o they_o immediate_o in_o conjunction_n with_o the_o tartar_n fall_v into_o poland_n with_o the_o great_a fury_n imaginable_a against_o these_o the_o king_n go_v in_o person_n at_o the_o head_n of_o the_o nobility_n and_o defeat_v they_o in_o battle_n but_o nevertheless_o the_o king_n be_v afterward_o force_v to_o clap_v up_o a_o peace_n with_o they_o though_o the_o gentry_n be_v very_o much_o displease_v at_o his_o grant_v they_o their_o own_o term_n by_o which_o the_o muscovite_n be_v leave_v in_o possession_n of_o smolensko_n and_o kiovia_n which_o they_o enjoy_v to_o this_o day_n the_o muscovite_n likewise_o take_v vilna_n in_o lithuania_n with_o some_o other_o considerable_a city_n in_o that_o great_a duchy_n poland_n in_o the_o year_n 1655_o charles_n gustavus_n king_n of_o sweden_n raise_v a_o more_o fatal_a storm_n in_o poland_n for_o with_o a_o army_n of_o choose_a man_n he_o enter_v that_o kingdom_n and_o in_o two_o year_n time_n make_v himself_o absolute_a master_n thereof_o he_o first_o conquer_v great_a poland_n and_o masovia_n and_o afterward_o the_o lesser_a poland_n with_o cracow_n the_o capital_a city_n of_o the_o kingdom_n from_o whence_o he_o march_v into_o prussia_n where_o almost_o all_o the_o town_n immediate_o surrender_v to_o he_o except_o dantzic_n wherein_o at_o first_o be_v a_o great_a many_o citizen_n that_o favour_v the_o suede_n but_o who_o not_o long_o after_o by_o the_o persuasion_n of_o some_o minister_n continue_v their_o obedience_n to_o poland_n the_o resistance_n make_v by_o this_o one_o city_n be_v the_o main_a reason_n why_o all_o the_o advantage_n get_v by_o the_o swede_n at_o last_o prove_v fruitless_a and_o that_o they_o can_v maintain_v themselves_o no_o long_o in_o prussia_n notwithstanding_o that_o not_o only_o the_o whole_a militia_n of_o poland_n and_o that_o part_n of_o lithuania_n which_o be_v under_o the_o muscovite_n have_v submit_v to_o the_o swede_n but_o also_o king_n john_n casimir_n be_v flee_v into_o silesia_n for_o the_o pole_n have_v recover_v themselves_o after_o their_o first_o consternation_n be_v over_o and_o be_v moreover_o join_v by_o the_o brandenburger_n and_o tartar_n fall_v upon_o such_o of_o the_o swedish_n force_v as_o be_v scatter_v up_o and_o down_o the_o country_n the_o lithuanian_n also_o rise_v up_o in_o arm_n and_o kill_v all_o the_o swede_n that_o be_v in_o winter-quarter_n among_o they_o invasion_n the_o occasion_n of_o this_o swedish_n invasion_n be_v some_o familiarity_n king_n casimir_n have_v have_v with_o the_o wife_n of_o the_o vicechancellor_n radziouski_n father_n to_o the_o present_a cardinal_n primate_n this_o great_a senator_n can_v by_o no_o mean_n brook_v a_o scandal_n so_o public_a and_o therefore_o have_v first_o make_v a_o party_n in_o the_o kingdom_n he_o call_v in_o the_o swede_n through_o livonia_n to_o revenge_v his_o quarrel_n who_o soon_o get_v the_o duke_n of_o curland_n country_n and_o take_v he_o prisoner_n afterward_o they_o have_v such_o vast_a success_n in_o their_o progress_n that_o all_o the_o town_n of_o poland_n soon_o submit_v to_o they_o none_o be_v able_a to_o withstand_v a_o siege_n it_o be_v to_o be_v observe_v that_o there_o be_v but_o few_o fortify_v place_n in_o poland_n it_o be_v a_o maxim_n of_o state_n there_o that_o their_o king_n shall_v not_o strengthen_v themselves_o at_o home_n whereby_o their_o enemy_n may_v take_v foot_v from_o abroad_o this_o vast_a conquest_n make_v all_o the_o neighbour_a prince_n very_o jealous_a of_o the_o power_n of_o sweden_n for_o on_o one_o side_n ragozzi_n prince_n of_o transylvania_n think_v perhaps_o to_o obtain_v that_o crown_n for_o himself_o enter_v poland_n but_o with_o no_o success_n the_o dane_n likewise_o make_v a_o considerable_a diversion_n on_o their_o part_n by_o attacking_z sweden_n also_o the_o muscovite_n come_v upon_o livonia_n and_o the_o emperor_n send_v troop_n to_o succour_v the_o pole_n whereupon_o by_o assistance_n of_o the_o brandenburger_n and_o tartar_n and_o the_o prudent_a conduct_n of_o general_n czarneski_n the_o polish_v nobility_n in_o six_o month_n time_n restore_v casimir_n to_o his_o throne_n stratagem_n this_o czarneski_n retook_a the_o capital_a city_n of_o poland_n by_o a_o stratagem_n which_o be_v by_o contrive_v to_o have_v some_o cartload_v of_o wood_n enter_v the_o city_n betimes_o in_o the_o morning_n and_o to_o break_v in_o their_o passage_n through_o one_o of_o the_o gate_n by_o which_o mean_n with_o 800_o man_n he_o force_v his_o way_n into_o the_o city_n and_o destroy_v the_o swedish_n garrison_n the_o advantage_n of_o a_o unfortify_v kingdom_n will_v always_o be_v this_o that_o though_o it_o be_v soon_o conquer_v it_o will_v nevertheless_o be_v as_o easy_o recover_v brandenburg_n when_o charles_n gustavus_n king_n of_o sweden_n have_v meet_v with_o a_o opportunity_n to_o make_v war_n with_o poland_n he_o make_v several_a private_a treaty_n with_o the_o late_a elector_n of_o brandenburg_n frederic_n william_n and_o at_o length_n enter_v into_o a_o league_n with_o he_o on_o condition_n that_o when_o he_o have_v conquer_v poland_n he_o shall_v give_v he_o the_o sovereignty_n of_o ducal_z prussia_n whereupon_o they_o both_o join_v their_o force_n together_o and_o soon_o conquer_v the_o pole_n but_o afterward_o the_o king_n of_o sweden_n be_v call_v home_o to_o take_v care_n of_o his_o own_o dominion_n which_o be_v then_o invade_v by_o the_o dane_n he_o be_v force_v to_o compound_v with_o poland_n for_o 800000_o rix_n dollar_n which_o the_o pole_n not_o have_v have_v any_o intelligence_n of_o the_o danish_a invasion_n be_v glad_a to_o agree_v to_o but_o the_o elector_n of_o brandenhurg_n observe_v that_o the_o money_n stipulate_v for_o be_v not_o like_a to_o be_v easy_o raise_v offer_v unknown_a to_o the_o swede_n to_o give_v the_o pole_n that_o sum_n and_o moreover_o to_o help_v they_o to_o drive_v the_o swede_n out_o of_o their_o kingdom_n in_o case_n they_o will_v but_o confirm_v to_o he_o and_o his_o heir_n the_o aforesaid_a sovereignty_n of_o ducal_z prussia_n to_o this_o the_o pole_n be_v in_o extreme_a confusion_n and_o necessity_n quick_o condescend_v with_o this_o restraint_n only_o that_o whenever_o the_o say_v elector_n male-issue_n fail_v that_o duchy_n shall_v revert_v to_o the_o crown_n of_o poland_n whereupon_o the_o elector_n of_o brandenburg_n have_v be_v proclaim_v sovereign_a duke_n of_o prussia_n he_o immediate_o join_v the_o polish_v force_n and_o in_o short_a time_n drive_v the_o swede_n out_o of_o their_o kingdom_n which_o he_o before_o have_v be_v instrumental_a in_o bring_v in_o this_o be_v the_o account_n i_o have_v hear_v the_o pole_n give_v of_o their_o deliverance_n from_o the_o swedish_n yoke_n and_o sir_n robert_z southwell_z also_o give_v we_o late_o the_o same_o account_n at_o the_o royal_a society_n which_o he_o have_v have_v from_o the_o late_a elector_n of_o brandenburg_n own_o mouth_n oliva_n at_o this_o 2._o treaty_n of_o oliva_n a_o monastery_n near_o dantzic_n the_o pole_n likewise_o be_v to_o renounce_v all_o the_o pretension_n they_o have_v to_o livonia_n casimir_n after_o have_v rout_v the_o swede_n raise_v a_o army_n of_o about_o 30000_o german_n under_o pretence_n of_o be_v revenge_v on_o the_o tartar_n for_o detain_v several_a pole_n prisonner_n which_o he_o have_v betray_v himself_o the_o better_a to_o curb_v his_o subject_n but_o prince_n lubomirski_n crown-marshal_n have_v discover_v his_o private_a design_n which_o be_v to_o render_v himself_o despotic_a raise_v a_o army_n likewise_o and_o attack_v that_o of_o the_o king_n with_o so_o good_a success_n that_o he_o entire_o rout_v it_o take_v its_o general_n a_o frenchman_n prisoner_n and_o quick_o oblige_v the_o king_n to_o disband_v his_o german_a force_n at_o this_o abdication_n affront_n receive_v from_o his_o own_o subject_n casimir_n be_v extreme_o nettle_v insomuch_o that_o he_o abdicate_v the_o crown_n not_o long_o after_o but_o some_o time_n before_o his_o abdication_n he_o convoke_v a_o diet_n at_o leopol_n to_o pay_v off_o the_o army_n the_o best_a expedient_a to_o effect_v this_o be_v think_v to_o be_v to_o call_v in_o all_o the_o gold_n and_o silver_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o re-coin_n it_o but_o this_o have_v be_v find_v deficient_a the_o
companion_n dead_a upon_o the_o spot_n in_o this_o action_n there_o be_v several_a brave_a polish_v gentleman_n slay_v afterward_o the_o king_n be_v again_o join_v by_o the_o lithuanian_n by_o which_o his_o army_n amount_v to_o fifteen_o thousand_o man_n march_v to_o seek_v out_o the_o enemy_n though_o by_o a_o modest_a computation_n they_o may_v be_v reckon_v seven_o time_n as_o many_o but_o understand_v that_o the_o enemy_n have_v besiege_v turk_n podhais_n he_o be_v march_v thither_o to_o relieve_v it_o when_o by_o the_o way_n he_o receive_v intelligence_n of_o its_o be_v surrender_v burn_v and_o plunder_v and_o twelve_o thousand_o person_n make_v prisoner_n though_o the_o garrison_n have_v express_o capitulate_v to_o march_v out_o with_o bag_n and_o baggage_n the_o king_n be_v extreme_o nettle_v that_o so_o many_o christian_n shall_v be_v make_v slave_n and_o his_o territory_n lay_v desolate_a therefore_o he_o resolve_v forthwith_o to_o remedy_v it_o or_o perish_v in_o the_o attempt_n for_o he_o march_v the_o same_o day_n towards_o the_o enemy_n who_o be_v then_o set_v down_o before_o buozalz_n but_o upon_o notice_n of_o his_o approach_n they_o raise_v their_o siege_n and_o retreat_v with_o all_o their_o force_n to_o trembowla_n which_o they_o likewise_o invest_v here_o they_o be_v often_o repulse_v with_o great_a loss_n yet_o continue_v obstinate_a to_o pursue_v their_o enterprise_n till_o at_o last_o happen_v to_o intercept_v a_o peasant_n that_o be_v carry_v a_o letter_n from_o the_o king_n to_o the_o governor_n wherein_o his_o majesty_n assure_v he_o that_o he_o be_v come_v with_o all_o speed_n to_o his_o relief_n the_o terror_n of_o king_n sobieski_n name_n strike_v such_o a_o faintness_n into_o the_o infidel_n that_o they_o immediate_o dislodge_v their_o cannon_n from_o their_o battery_n which_o consist_v of_o a_o hundred_o piece_n and_o forthwith_o march_v towards_o caminiec_n with_o a_o great_a deal_n of_o confusion_n nay_o so_o great_a be_v their_o consternation_n that_o under_o the_o cannon_n of_o caminiec_n they_o think_v not_o themselves_o sufficient_o secure_a for_o not_o dare_v to_o stand_v a_o engagement_n with_o the_o pole_n they_o resolve_v to_o pass_v the_o niester_n and_o march_v towards_o valachia_n yet_o this_o they_o can_v not_o do_v so_o speedy_o but_o prince_n lubomirski_n with_o part_n of_o the_o king_n army_n fall_v upon_o their_o rear_n and_o slay_v great_a number_n of_o they_o the_o turk_n by_o the_o fear_n they_o be_v in_o of_o be_v far_o pursue_v repassed_a the_o danube_n and_o the_o tartar_n return_v home_o with_o great_a precipitation_n by_o the_o way_n of_o bialogrod_n whereupon_o the_o king_n resolve_v to_o put_v his_o army_n into_o winter-quarter_n and_o so_o to_o return_v home_o which_o he_o do_v to_o the_o joy_n and_o satisfaction_n of_o all_o his_o subject_n it_o be_v now_o high_a time_n to_o prepare_v for_o the_o ceremony_n of_o the_o coronation_n january_n the_o 17_o the_o corpse_n of_o the_o late_a king_n michael_n be_v convey_v from_o warsaw_n in_o a_o hearse_n draw_v by_o eight_o horse_n attend_v by_o all_o the_o officer_n of_o his_o household_n and_o several_a person_n of_o quality_n to_o cracow_n where_o together_o with_o the_o body_n of_o king_n casimir_n likewise_o bring_v late_o out_o of_o france_n it_o be_v honourable_o inter_v all_o decency_n and_o respect_n be_v pay_v to_o both_o their_o memory_n this_o ceremony_n be_v dispatch_v 1676._o john_n sobieski_n with_o his_o queen_n mary_n be_v both_o crown_v in_o the_o castle_n of_o cracow_n the_o second_o of_o february_n in_o the_o year_n 1676_o with_o great_a pomp_n and_o magnificence_n after_o this_o the_o king_n apply_v himself_o to_o supply_v the_o vacancy_n as_o usual_a make_v lubomirski_n grand_a marshal_n of_o the_o kingdom_n the_o lord_n siniawski_n court-marshal_n and_o prince_n demetrius_n wisnowiski_n palatin_n of_o beltz_n he_o likewise_o bestow_v the_o command_n of_o general_n of_o the_o force_n of_o the_o kingdom_n on_o jablownowski_n palatin_n of_o russia_n at_o present_a great_a general_n of_o poland_n in_o june_n follow_v sultan_n nuradin_n with_o the_o two_o son_n of_o the_o great_a cham_n pass_v the_o niester_n with_o a_o great_a army_n have_v send_v out_o party_n before_o to_o ravage_v the_o country_n at_o the_o same_o time_n ibrahim_n bassa_n advance_v likewise_o to_o several_a post_n about_o caminiec_n whereupon_o the_o king_n order_v what_o troop_n he_o can_v get_v together_o near_o leopol_n where_o they_o be_v to_o rendezvouz_n and_o likewise_o convoke_v the_o pospolite_n or_o militia_n for_o the_o defence_n of_o the_o country_n 1676_o the_o same_o year_n his_o excellency_n mr._n hyde_n now_o earl_n of_o rochester_n be_v send_v ambassador_n from_o his_o majesty_n charles_n the_o iid_n to_o the_o court_n of_o poland_n to_o congratulate_v the_o king_n upon_o his_o accession_n to_o the_o crown_n and_o to_o stand_v for_o his_o master_n godfather_n to_o the_o young_a princess_n now_o electoress_n of_o bavaria_n he_o arrive_v at_o dantzic_n in_o august_n where_o meet_v with_o the_o queen_n of_o poland_n who_o make_v a_o journey_n thither_o while_o the_o king_n be_v in_o the_o field_n he_o have_v audience_n of_o her_o majesty_n there_o and_o present_v the_o young_a princess_n her_o daughter_n with_o a_o very_a rich_a jewel_n a_o cross_n of_o diamond_n of_o great_a value_n he_o afterward_o set_v forward_o for_o poland_n and_o be_v receive_v by_o the_o king_n in_o his_o camp_n near_o leopol_n in_o russia_n with_o demonstration_n of_o respect_n and_o kindness_n suitable_a to_o his_o character_n and_o person_n where_o his_o majesty_n send_v some_o of_o his_o chief_a officer_n to_o show_v he_o the_o army_n and_o their_o way_n of_o encamp_v the_o turk_n and_o tartar_n begin_v to_o appear_v now_o very_o formidable_a and_o yet_o at_o the_o same_o time_n continue_v so_o sensible_a of_o their_o last_o year_n defeat_n and_o so_o dread_v the_o name_n of_o king_n sobieski_n that_o they_o seem_v to_o desire_v nothing_o more_o than_o peace_n for_o which_o purpose_n the_o grand_a signior_n by_o the_o prince_n of_o moldavia_n make_v turk_n a_o overture_n for_o a_o treaty_n which_o be_v accept_v after_o a_o battle_n gain_v by_o the_o pole_n and_o some_o other_o small_a mischief_n do_v on_o both_o side_n the_o peace_n be_v thus_o happy_o conclude_v to_o the_o advantage_n of_o poland_n his_o majesty_n return_v in_o november_n to_o zulkiew_v his_o own_o patrimony_n whither_o my_o lord_n rochester_n wait_v upon_o he_o ambassador_n have_v his_o public_a audience_n there_o in_o a_o more_o solemn_a manner_n than_o before_o he_o be_v first_o carry_v in_o the_o king_n coach_n and_o then_o receive_v by_o the_o court-marshal_n who_o be_v in_o the_o nature_n of_o a_o lord_n chamberlain_n at_o the_o stairs-foot_n of_o the_o palace_n and_o be_v conduct_v to_o his_o majesty_n who_o receive_v he_o stand_v under_o a_o rich_a canopy_n of_o state_n and_o after_o two_o month_n reside_v there_o his_o excellency_n have_v his_o audience_n of_o leave_n and_o return_v into_o england_n through_o silesia_n austria_n and_o the_o empire_n the_o pole_n enjoy_v this_o peace_n with_o the_o turk_n till_o the_o year_n 1683_o when_o they_o come_v under_o the_o command_n of_o cara_fw-it mustapha_n their_o grand_a vizier_n to_o besiege_v vienna_n whereof_o count_n starenberg_n vienna_n be_v governor_n the_o king_n with_o his_o son_n prince_n james_n prince_n lubomirski_n and_o most_o of_o the_o polish_v grandee_n come_v with_o a_o army_n only_o as_o they_o assure_v i_o of_o twenty_o four_o thousand_o man_n to_o relieve_v it_o this_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n be_v oblige_v to_o by_o the_o alliance_n sign_v with_o his_o imperial_a majesty_n in_o 1683._o when_o be_v join_v by_o the_o imperial_a army_n together_o with_o the_o elector_n of_o bavaria_n and_o saxony_n the_o duke_n of_o lorain_n and_o a_o great_a number_n of_o other_o prince_n of_o the_o empire_n in_o all_o amount_v to_o near_o fifty_o thousand_o man_n he_o attack_v the_o turk_n with_o such_o bravery_n and_o conduct_n that_o on_o the_o 12_o of_o september_n they_o though_o consist_v of_o 191800_o man_n as_o appear_v by_o a_o list_v find_v in_o the_o grand_a vizier_n tent_n be_v oblige_v after_o a_o entire_a defeat_n to_o raise_v the_o siege_n and_o retire_v turk_n towards_o hungary_n the_o great_a standard_n and_o the_o horse_n tail_n be_v take_v by_o the_o pole_n who_o obstinate_o pursue_v the_o turk_n in_o their_o flight_n though_o no_o great_a way_n be_v too_o much_o fatigue_v before_o there_o be_v also_o great_a booty_n find_v in_o the_o turkish_a camp_n which_o be_v whole_o plunder_v even_o to_o the_o tent_n of_o the_o grand_a vizier_n where_o they_o meet_v with_o great_a riches_n in_o gold_n silver_n and_o other_o precious_a thing_n all_o their_o ammunition_n and_o baggage_n with_o their_o artillery_n consist_v of_o above_o a_o hundred_o piece_n of_o cannon_n be_v take_v this_o
part_n of_o the_o body_n desire_v to_o know_v what_o be_v proper_o death_n the_o school_n divinity_n maintain_v that_o death_n be_v a_o separation_n of_o the_o rational_a soul_n from_o the_o body_n i_o own_a indeed_o that_o in_o death_n the_o soul_n be_v actual_o separate_v from_o the_o body_n but_o i_o can_v not_o allow_v that_o that_o separation_n be_v the_o cause_n of_o death_n but_o that_o the_o death_n of_o the_o body_n be_v the_o cessation_n of_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o heart_n of_o the_o blood_n and_o of_o the_o spirit_n which_o cessation_n can_v not_o proceed_v from_o the_o separation_n of_o the_o soul_n since_o these_o dont_fw-fr at_o all_o depend_v upon_o it_o as_o i_o prove_v before_o but_o it_o be_v occasion_v by_o some_o defect_n in_o the_o organ_n and_o fluid_n of_o the_o body_n which_o lose_v their_o due_a disposition_n and_o their_o mutual_a correspondence_n with_o one_o another_o all_o their_o action_n cease_v which_o cessation_n be_v proper_o call_v death_n so_o that_o the_o soul_n find_v they_o incapable_a of_o receive_v its_o influence_n and_o of_o obey_v its_o command_n quit_v the_o body_n after_o it_o be_v dead_a by_o which_o it_o appear_v that_o the_o separation_n of_o the_o soul_n be_v not_o proper_o the_o cause_n of_o death_n but_o that_o the_o death_n of_o the_o body_n be_v the_o cause_n of_o the_o separation_n the_o king_n himself_o illustrate_v this_o opinion_n with_o a_o familiar_a example_n of_o a_o organ_n and_o a_o organist_n while_o the_o organ_n be_v in_o their_o due_a order_n and_o symmetry_n the_o organist_n play_v upon_o they_o but_o when_o by_o length_n of_o time_n they_o be_v either_o break_v use_v too_o much_o or_o any_o other_o way_n quite_o put_v out_o of_o tune_n he_o leave_v off_o play_v on_o they_o this_o discourse_n my_o lord_n hold_v from_o three_o of_o the_o clock_n till_o seven_o and_o the_o divine_n be_v extreme_o warm_a in_o it_o and_o some_o of_o they_o have_v the_o boldness_n to_o tell_v the_o king_n that_o his_o majesty_n shall_v not_o suffer_v such_o heretical_a opinion_n as_o they_o call_v they_o to_o be_v introduce_v before_o such_o a_o great_a assembly_n contrary_a to_o the_o receive_a doctrine_n of_o the_o church_n this_o discourse_n cause_v a_o great_a many_o other_o matter_n to_o be_v talk_v on_o of_o which_o it_o will_v be_v too_o long_o to_o inform_v your_o lordship_n by_o this_o you_o may_v plain_o see_v how_o fond_a the_o divine_n be_v of_o their_o old_a opinion_n rely_v upon_o the_o doctrine_n of_o aristotle_n who_o we_o can_v suppose_v to_o be_v so_o thorough_o acquaint_v with_o the_o structure_n spring_n and_o motion_n of_o the_o humane_a body_n nor_o indeed_o with_o all_o other_o natural_a cause_n as_o the_o modern_a physician_n be_v yet_o it_o be_v the_o policy_n of_o the_o divine_n not_o only_o in_o poland_n but_o in_o spain_n italy_n and_o in_o most_o other_o country_n where_o their_o power_n be_v very_o great_a not_o to_o let_v any_o opinion_n creep_v in_o among_o they_o that_o will_v seem_v to_o contradict_v those_o of_o aristotle_n for_o have_v build_v their_o system_n of_o divinity_n upon_o the_o principle_n of_o this_o pagan_a philosopher_n they_o be_v just_o afraid_a that_o if_o experience_n and_o reason_n shall_v shake_v the_o foundation_n the_o superstructure_n will_v fall_v to_o the_o ground_n as_o doubtless_o it_o will_v for_o the_o most_o part_n building_n this_o king_n build_v several_a fine_a house_n both_o in_o russia_n and_o other_o part_n of_o the_o kingdom_n particular_o three_o mile_n from_o warsaw_n a_o neat_a country_n house_n call_v villa_n nova_n very_o rich_o furnish_v he_o have_v have_v several_a natural_a child_n but_o take_v no_o care_n of_o any_o of_o they_o for_o it_o be_v not_o customary_a in_o poland_n to_o have_v that_o consideration_n for_o they_o as_o there_o be_v in_o other_o country_n but_o he_o leave_v vast_a riches_n to_o his_o lawful_a child_n and_o make_v a_o motion_n in_o the_o diet_n five_o child_n or_o six_o year_n before_o he_o die_v to_o settle_v the_o succession_n on_o one_o of_o they_o he_o tell_v the_o assembly_n of_o the_o disorder_n that_o usual_o happen_v in_o election_n after_o the_o king_n death_n that_o the_o turk_n and_o the_o tartar_n take_v then_o opportunity_n to_o make_v inroad_n into_o the_o country_n and_o ravage_v all_o before_o they_o that_o the_o nobility_n of_o the_o kingdom_n be_v general_o divide_v head_a by_o faction_n and_o biased_a by_o self-interest_n against_o the_o public_a good_a of_o their_o country_n and_o that_o he_o himself_o will_v be_v glad_a to_o prevent_v all_o those_o dangerous_a broil_n before_o he_o die_v out_o of_o the_o love_n he_o bear_v to_o his_o country_n and_o subject_n but_o the_o diet_n find_v that_o his_o private_a design_n be_v to_o get_v one_o of_o his_o son_n elect_v answer_v that_o they_o hope_v that_o his_o majesty_n will_v live_v yet_o a_o long_a while_n that_o it_o be_v necessary_a to_o take_v a_o long_a time_n to_o consider_v of_o a_o matter_n of_o that_o great_a moment_n which_o the_o king_n see_v it_o be_v a_o civil_a way_n of_o refuse_v to_o enter_v upon_o that_o subject_a never_o after_o intimate_v any_o thing_n to_o they_o like_o it_o but_o take_v all_o possible_a care_n to_o enrich_v his_o child_n in_o case_n none_o of_o they_o shall_v be_v elect_v after_o his_o death_n it_o be_v exact_o compute_v to_o i_o that_o he_o lay_v up_o every_o year_n for_o above_o twenty_o year_n 100000_o l._n sterl_n which_o riches_n he_o leave_v partly_o in_o banker_n hand_n at_o dantzick_n hamburgh_n and_o amsterdam_n and_o put_v the_o rest_n into_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o jew_n who_o be_v very_o numerous_a in_o that_o kingdom_n to_o trade_v with_o it_o beside_o he_o buy_v great_a territory_n in_o the_o kingdom_n though_o it_o be_v against_o the_o constitution_n so_o that_o his_o three_o son_n james_n alexander_n and_o constantino_n if_o they_o manage_v their_o affair_n right_a may_v be_v worth_a each_o above_o 50000_o l._n sterling_n per_fw-la annum_fw-la for_o it_o be_v the_o law_n in_o poland_n to_o divide_v equal_o the_o estate_n among_o the_o child_n poland_n the_o queen_n be_v but_o ten_o or_o twelve_o year_n of_o age_n when_o she_o together_o with_o the_o present_a duke_n of_o gordon'_v aunt_n afterward_o marry_v to_o count_n morstin_n great_a treasurer_n of_o poland_n come_v from_o france_n into_o this_o kingdom_n with_o ladislaus_n king_n of_o poland_n queen_n who_o make_v they_o both_o her_o maid_n of_o honour_n and_o take_v great_a care_n of_o mademoiselle_fw-fr d'_fw-fr arquien_v be_v very_o ingenious_a marriage_n and_o beautiful_a she_o get_v she_o marry_v first_o to_o prince_n zamoiski_n who_o soon_o leave_v she_o a_o widow_n with_o a_o jointure_n of_o about_o 2000_o l._n a_o year_n she_o be_v afterward_o marry_v in_o casimir_n reign_n to_o john_n sobieski_n than_o captain_n of_o the_o guard_n who_o be_v not_o very_o willing_a to_o marry_v she_o until_o the_o king_n promise_v that_o he_o will_v give_v he_o considerable_a place_n which_o he_o according_o do_v by_o the_o instigation_n of_o the_o queen_n for_o he_o make_v he_o great_a marshal_n and_o great_a general_n of_o poland_n which_o give_v he_o authority_n and_o interest_n enough_o to_o make_v himself_o afterward_o king_n and_o her_o queen_n so_o that_o this_o marriage_n be_v the_o occasion_n of_o his_o rise_n in_o the_o world_n which_o he_o be_v so_o sensible_a of_o that_o he_o refuse_v to_o be_v divorce_v from_o she_o as_o the_o diet_n will_v have_v persuade_v he_o to_o do_v after_o his_o election_n qualification_n the_o queen_n be_v now_o about_o fifty_o four_o year_n of_o age_n though_o she_o appear_v not_o to_o be_v forty_o she_o go_v in_o the_o french_a dress_n as_o all_o the_o polish_v lady_n do_v she_o speak_v almost_o natural_o the_o polish_v tongue_n which_o with_o liar_n sweet_a temper_n refine_a sense_n and_o majestic_a air_n gain_v she_o such_o affection_n with_o the_o pole_n such_o influence_n over_o the_o king_n and_o such_o interest_n always_o in_o the_o diet_n that_o she_o manage_v all_o with_o a_o great_a deal_n of_o prudence_n and_o that_o to_o the_o advantage_n of_o her_o native_a country_n france_n who_o interest_n she_o general_o espouse_v upon_o most_o occasion_n during_o the_o king_n life_n which_o be_v believe_v to_o be_v the_o cause_n that_o he_o do_v not_o carry_v on_o the_o war_n with_o vigour_n these_o late_a year_n against_o the_o turk_n and_o tartar_n she_o maintain_v at_o her_o court_n her_o father_n cardinal_n de_fw-fr arquien_v and_o her_o brother_n count_n maligny_n who_o have_v but_o a_o very_a small_a estate_n of_o their_o own_o she_o have_v two_o sister_n one_o be_v the_o widow_n of_o the_o late_a count_n bethune_n who_o be_v ambassador_n from_o france_n in_o poland_n and_o afterward_o die_v in_o his_o embassy_n in_o
present_v amount_v to_o the_o value_n of_o 100000_o rix_n dollar_n the_o hospodar_n of_o moldavia_n send_v she_o a_o pair_n of_o pendant_n of_o a_o considerable_a value_n this_o custom_n of_o make_v present_n to_o the_o bride_n be_v not_o only_o for_o king_n daughter_n but_o for_o every_o one_o else_o according_a to_o their_o quality_n and_o the_o gentleman_n daughter_n do_v not_o so_o much_o reckon_v upon_o the_o portion_n their_o father_n give_v they_o as_o upon_o their_o number_n of_o relation_n and_o friend_n who_o be_v to_o make_v they_o present_v and_o the_o husband_n be_v as_o diligent_a to_o know_v how_o many_o relation_n she_o have_v as_o how_o much_o her_o father_n will_v give_v she_o ambassador_n upon_o the_o day_n of_o marriage_n prince_n james_n the_o young_a bride_n brother_n take_v upon_o he_o by_o the_o king_n and_o the_o elector_n of_o bavaria_n consent_n the_o quality_n of_o ambassador_n for_o that_o day_n by_o reason_n that_o the_o court_n will_v not_o receive_v as_o 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poland_n i_o think_v a_o geographical_a description_n of_o that_o country_n may_v not_o be_v unacceptable_a to_o you_o i_o must_v confess_v i_o be_v not_o long_a enough_o in_o that_o kingdom_n to_o survey_v it_o exact_o therefore_o have_v take_v pain_n to_o learn_v not_o only_o from_o the_o native_n themselves_o but_o also_o from_o their_o correct_a author_n a_o account_n of_o such_o part_n of_o that_o kingdom_n which_o i_o can_v not_o visit_v myself_o i_o must_v first_o take_v notice_n to_o your_o lordship_n that_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n dominion_n be_v divide_v into_o two_o different_a state_n which_o be_v the_o kingdom_n of_o poland_n and_o the_o great_a duchy_n of_o lithuania_n the_o constitution_n language_n custom_n and_o genius_n of_o both_o which_o nation_n be_v as_o different_a as_o those_o of_o england_n and_o scotland_n except_o that_o one_o parliament_n or_o diet_n serve_v both_o which_o must_v nevertheless_o have_v one_o session_n in_o lithuania_n to_o two_o in_o poland_n and_o the_o senator_n and_o deputy_n of_o each_o nation_n must_v meet_v together_o as_o well_o in_o the_o great_a duchy_n as_o in_o the_o kingdom_n for_o no_o law_n can_v be_v legal_o make_v without_o the_o mutual_a consent_n of_o both_o poland_n therefore_o be_v a_o distinct_a nation_n of_o itself_o i_o will_v here_o as_o i_o have_v promise_v present_a your_o lordship_n with_o a_o short_a description_n of_o it_o alone_o my_o lord_n poland_n poland_n when_o first_o found_v by_o lechus_n in_o the_o year_n 550_o like_o all_o other_o nation_n in_o their_o minority_n be_v but_o a_o small_a tract_n of_o land_n in_o respect_n of_o what_o it_o afterward_o grow_v to_o be_v for_o at_o first_o it_o contain_v only_o high_a and_o low_a poland_n with_o silesia_n but_o in_o process_n of_o time_n either_o through_o marriage_n or_o conquest_n it_o become_v the_o large_a and_o most_o powerful_a kingdom_n in_o europe_n and_o raise_v as_o well_o the_o envy_n as_o jealousy_n of_o its_o neighbour_n conquest_n the_o first_o acquisition_n to_o this_o crown_n be_v the_o province_n of_o pomerania_n conquer_v by_o lechus_n by_o his_o have_v kill_v regulus_n its_o prince_n boleslaus_n chrobry_n likewise_o make_v bohemia_n russia_n moravia_n and_o prussia_n tributary_n but_o casimir_n ii_o entire_o conquer_v all_o prussia_n in_o the_o year_n 1183_o and_o casimir_n the_o great_a subdue_v all_o russia_n in_o the_o year_n 1338_o when_o maslaus_n the_o duke_n of_o masovia_n also_o submit_v to_o the_o polish_v crown_n some_o time_n after_o valachia_n and_o moldavia_n be_v unite_v to_o poland_n by_o conquest_n and_o the_o great_a duchy_n of_o lithuania_n add_v by_o jagello_n marriage_n with_o hedwigis_fw-la queen_n of_o poland_n the_o large_a and_o fertile_a province_n of_o livonia_n be_v conquer_v about_o the_o year_n 1500_o and_o afterward_o the_o pole_n extend_v their_o conquest_n towards_o moscovy_n when_o they_o take_v the_o great_a dutchy_n of_o smolensko_n severia_n and_o czernicovia_n and_o in_o vladislaus_n the_o viith_n time_n conquer_v all_o that_o country_n they_o in_o like_a manner_n enlarge_v their_o dominion_n towards_o the_o black_a sea_n for_o they_o make_v themselves_o master_n of_o all_o vkraina_n policy_n over_o and_o above_o these_o vast_a conquest_n the_o pole_n likewise_o grow_v very_o considerable_a by_o elect_v several_a potent_a neighbour_n for_o their_o king_n whereby_o they_o add_v to_o their_o own_o strength_n that_o of_o bohemia_n hungary_n sweden_n and_o transylvania_n as_o they_o have_v likewise_o at_o this_o juncture_n that_o of_o the_o electorate_v of_o saxony_n in_o short_a the_o pole_n in_o process_n of_o time_n grow_v so_o exorbitant_o powerful_a from_o the_o xiiith_o to_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o xviith_o century_n have_v in_o their_o possession_n all_o the_o land_n between_o austria_n moscovy_n and_o the_o baltic_a and_o euxine_a sea_n that_o they_o give_v their_o neighbour_n the_o turk_n tartar_n muscovite_n swede_n and_o german_n just_a reason_n to_o grow_v jealous_a of_o they_o whereupon_o these_o several_a potentate_n at_o different_a time_n make_v most_o bloody_a war_n upon_o they_o till_o by_o degree_n they_o have_v bring_v their_o territory_n to_o a_o narrow_a compass_n and_o make_v themselves_o master_n of_o the_o great_a part_n of_o they_o for_o the_o emperor_n get_v from_o they_o the_o several_a country_n of_o hungary_n bohemia_n transylvania_n silesia_n and_o moravia_n valachia_n and_o moldavia_n now_o choose_v hospodar_n or_o governor_n of_o their_o own_o though_o they_o be_v nevertheless_o tributary_n to_o the_o turk_n the_o turk_n and_o tartar_n be_v master_n of_o podolia_n and_o the_o best_a part_n of_o vkraina_n which_o they_o overrun_v in_o king_n michael_n korybuth_n time_n and_o the_o muscovite_n conquer_v the_o other_o part_n of_o it_o kiovia_n as_o likewise_o all_o the_o vast_a dutchy_n of_o severia_n smolensko_n and_o czernicovia_n the_o king_n of_o sweden_n also_o be_v now_o in_o possession_n of_o