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through_o the_o power_n of_o the_o londoner_n and_o citizen_n of_o winchester_n but_o yet_o all_o these_o endeavour_n have_v be_v in_o vain_a unless_o he_o have_v be_v assist_v by_o his_o brother_n henry_n bishop_n of_o that_o city_n and_o then_o the_o pope_n legate_n in_o england_n and_o favour_v by_o the_o archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n who_o crown_v he_o and_o yet_o for_o all_o this_o there_o be_v but_o a_o very_a small_a faction_n of_o the_o bishop_n and_o lord_n who_o be_v for_o his_o croonation_n for_o w._n malmsbury_n tell_v we_o coronatus_n est_fw-la ergo_fw-la in_o regem_fw-la angliae_fw-la stephanus_n 178._o tribus_fw-la episcopis_fw-la praesentibus_fw-la nullis_fw-la abbatibus_fw-la paucissimis_fw-la optimatibus_fw-la and_o many_o of_o the_o nobility_n and_o great_a man_n of_o england_n be_v so_o sensible_a of_o this_o that_o be_v head_v by_o robert_n earl_n of_o gloucester_n the_o empress_n base_a brother_n they_o raise_v a_o war_n against_o stephen_n which_o after_o her_o come_n over_o hither_o be_v
to_o have_v be_v upon_o the_o death_n of_o king_n henry_n the_o ii_o now_o your_o only_a argument_n to_o prove_v this_o be_v that_o king_n richard_n though_o his_o elder_a son_n alive_a be_v only_o call_v duke_n of_o normandy_n and_o never_o king_n of_o england_n till_o after_o his_o coronation_n but_o whoever_o will_v but_o consider_v the_o circumstance_n of_o this_o matter_n will_v find_v that_o he_o be_v indeed_o own_a for_o king_n of_o england_n before_o his_o pretend_a election_n or_o coronation_n for_o before_o his_o come_n into_o england_n to_o be_v crown_v rocer_n hoveden_n tell_v we_o 373._o that_o every_o freeman_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n by_o the_o command_n of_o his_o mother_n queen_n elinor_n swear_v quod_fw-la fideni_fw-la portabit_fw-la regi_fw-la angliae_fw-la richardo_n regis_fw-la hen._n filio_fw-la which_o plain_o show_v that_o he_o be_v then_o by_o common_a intendment_n look_v upon_o as_o king_n before_o his_o coronation_n and_o though_o i_o confess_v that_o 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this_o have_v be_v so_o pray_v tell_v i_o to_o what_o purpose_n king_n henry_n i._o father_n to_o the_o empress_n shall_v have_v make_v all_o the_o estate_n of_o england_n swear_v fealty_n to_o his_o daughter_n if_o a_o woman_n have_v be_v then_o look_v upon_o as_o uncapable_a to_o govern_v or_o to_o what_o purpose_n shall_v the_o clergy_n in_o the_o council_n at_o winchester_n choose_v this_o empress_n as_o the_o king_n daughter_n lady_n both_o of_o england_n and_o normandy_n 106._o as_o william_n of_o malmesbury_n tell_v we_o express_o that_o they_o do_v and_o that_o he_o be_v present_a at_o it_o or_o how_o can_v the_o great_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n believe_v that_o they_o have_v sufficient_o satisfy_v their_o oath_n to_o the_o daughter_n in_o confer_v the_o allegiance_n that_o be_v due_a to_o she_o upon_o her_o son_n i_o be_o sure_a no_o heiress_n of_o the_o crown_n will_v look_v upon_o that_o as_o a_o good_a performance_n of_o their_o oath_n at_o this_o day_n when_o you_o 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that_o consilium_fw-la and_o assensus_fw-la which_o be_v the_o word_n of_o hoveden_n and_o the_o word_n solemnis_fw-la &_o debita_fw-la electio_fw-la ever_o signify_v a_o own_n or_o recognition_n of_o a_o hereditary_a right_n i_o confess_v the_o only_a colour_n you_o have_v for_o your_o interpretation_n of_o those_o word_n in_o hoveden_n which_o you_o have_v now_o cite_v of_o queen_n elianor_n make_v every_o freeman_n of_o the_o kingdom_n swear_v fealty_n to_o richard_n king_n of_o england_n as_o to_o their_o liege_n lord_n from_o whence_o you_o will_v infer_v that_o by_o common_a intendment_n of_o law_n he_o be_v look_v upon_o king_n of_o england_n before_o he_o be_v crown_v and_o consequent_o there_o can_v be_v no_o vacancy_n of_o the_o throne_n now_o admit_v that_o he_o be_v common_o call_v king_n before_o he_o be_v crown_v or_o that_o the_o queen_n his_o mother_n will_v make_v the_o people_n swear_v to_o he_o as_o such_o yet_o that_o can_v not_o make_v he_o so_o since_o the_o 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man_n have_v in_o a_o estate_n which_o be_v his_o right_n let_v he_o be_v what_o he_o will_v or_o let_v he_o manage_v it_o how_o he_o will_n whereas_o in_o the_o right_n to_o a_o kingdom_n i_o take_v it_o to_o be_v a_o true_a maxim_n that_o the_o representative_n of_o a_o nation_n as_o the_o convention_n be_v ought_v to_o have_v more_o regard_n to_o the_o happiness_n and_o safety_n of_o the_o whole_a people_n or_o commonwealth_n than_o to_o the_o dignity_n or_o authority_n of_o any_o particular_a person_n whosoever_o or_o howsoever_o near_o relate_v to_o the_o crown_n when_o it_o be_v evident_a that_o the_o advancement_n of_o such_o a_o person_n to_o the_o throne_n will_v prove_v destructive_a to_o our_o religion_n civil_a liberty_n and_o property_n now_o give_v i_o leave_v to_o apply_v what_o i_o have_v say_v to_o the_o point_n now_o in_o question_n let_v we_o therefore_o at_o the_o present_a suppose_n that_o your_o prince_n of_o wales_n be_v true_a and_o lawful_a son_n to_o king_n james_n and_o queen_n mary_n and_o let_v i_o also_o far_o suppose_v that_o in_o his_o late_a passage_n over_o sea_n he_o be_v take_v by_o the_o pirate_n of_o algiers_n or_o tunis_n and_o by_o they_o be_v carry_v to_o one_o of_o those_o place_n and_o be_v breed_v up_o in_o the_o mahometan_a religion_n and_o after_o he_o have_v be_v circumcise_a and_o full_o ground_v in_o that_o abominable_a superstition_n the_o grand_a signior_n together_o with_o the_o king_n of_o argier_n and_o tunis_n shall_v send_v this_o nation_n word_n that_o if_o they_o will_v not_o admit_v he_o quiet_o for_o their_o king_n and_o allow_v he_o all_o those_o priest_n he_o shall_v bring_v with_o he_o a_o free_a exercise_n of_o their_o religion_n in_o england_n they_o will_v then_o make_v war_n upon_o this_o nation_n with_o all_o the_o force_n they_o can_v raise_v i_o ask_v you_o what_o we_o ought_v to_o do_v in_o this_o case_n whether_o we_o shall_v receive_v he_o for_o our_o king_n or_o keep_v he_o out_o m._n i_o 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they_o govern._n f._n very_o well_o but_o let_v i_o tell_v you_o in_o this_o you_o be_v much_o more_o kind_a to_o mahometan_n and_o heretical_a prince_n than_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n who_o have_v decree_v that_o no_o prince_n ought_v to_o be_v receive_v as_o right_a heir_n to_o a_o crown_n who_o be_v a_o pagan_a turk_n or_o heretic_n and_o upon_o this_o ground_n it_o be_v that_o the_o state_n of_o france_n during_o the_o time_n of_o the_o league_n by_o the_o pope_n decree_n refuse_v to_o own_o henry_n king_n of_o navarre_n for_o their_o sovereign_n and_o also_o that_o the_o papist_n of_o the_o nuntio_n party_n in_o ireland_n during_o the_o late_a rebellion_n refuse_v to_o own_o the_o late_a duke_n of_o ormond_n for_o lord_n lieutenant_n of_o that_o kingdom_n because_o the_o king_n be_v a_o protestant_n but_o pray_v answer_v i_o a_o question_n or_o two_o further_a suppose_v this_o prince_n refuse_v to_o promise_v these_o or_o such_o thing_n or_o else_o if_o he_o do_v promise_v and_o 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well_o suppose_v all_o this_o as_o long_o as_o it_o be_v his_o right_n he_o ought_v to_o have_v it_o let_v the_o consequence_n be_v what_o it_o will_n f._n you_o have_v say_v enough_o i_o desire_v no_o more_o but_o i_o hope_v every_o true_a protestant_n and_o english_a man_n will_v be_v of_o another_o mind_n if_o ever_o such_o a_o case_n shall_v happen_v but_o indeed_o it_o appear_v very_o strange_a to_o i_o that_o a_o natural_a disability_n such_o as_o ideocy_n or_o lunacy_n shall_v be_v esteem_v sufficient_a in_o all_o kingdom_n to_o debarr_v the_o next_o heir_n from_o the_o government_n and_o yet_o that_o a_o moral_a or_o a_o religious_a disability_n shall_v not_o have_v the_o same_o effect_n and_o though_o i_o grant_v that_o a_o king_n ought_v not_o to_o be_v rebel_v against_o or_o resist_v mere_o because_o he_o be_v of_o a_o different_a religion_n from_o that_o of_o his_o subject_n for_o i_o be_v never_o for_o resist_a king_n james_n mere_o upon_o that_o score_n yet_o it_o be_v another_o thing_n when_o a_o prince_n be_v not_o actual_o possess_v of_o the_o throne_n but_o be_v to_o be_v admit_v to_o it_o upon_o such_o condition_n as_o may_v appear_v safe_a for_o the_o religion_n and_o civil_a constitution_n of_o a_o kingdom_n in_o this_o case_n if_o a_o prince_n be_v certain_o infect_v with_o such_o pernicious_a principle_n either_o in_o relation_n to_o religion_n or_o civil_a government_n it_o be_v much_o otherwise_o as_o for_o example_n that_o no_o faith_n be_v to_o be_v keep_v with_o heretic_n that_o his_o own_o religion_n be_v to_o be_v propagate_v by_o arm_n blood_n or_o persecution_n that_o no_o government_n can_v be_v safe_a for_o the_o prince_n or_o in_o which_o he_o can_v appear_v great_a or_o glorious_a but_o as_o a_o absolute_a monarch_n let_v such_o a_o prince_n be_v either_o a_o christian_n or_o a_o mahometan_a i_o think_v it_o will_v be_v a_o certain_a ruin_n to_o a_o kingdom_n to_o be_v oblige_v to_o receive_v such_o a_o prince_n when_o they_o be_v moral_o sure_a that_o he_o will_v not_o only_o subvert_v their_o religion_n but_o destroy_v the_o very_a professor_n of_o it_o and_o not_o only_o those_o but_o alter_v the_o civil_a constitution_n too_o by_o turn_v it_o from_o a_o limit_a kingdom_n into_o a_o absolute_a despotic_a tyranny_n to_o conclude_v i_o shall_v only_o desire_v you_o to_o consider_v into_o what_o a_o country_n your_o prince_n of_o wales_n be_v carry_v and_o what_o instructor_n he_o be_v like_a to_o have_v and_o what_o principle_n he_o will_v receive_v from_o they_o and_o then_o pray_v tell_v i_o if_o he_o continue_v there_o till_o he_o be_v a_o man_n what_o difference_n there_o will_v be_v between_o this_o young_a prince_n breed_v up_o in_o such_o a_o religion_n and_o such_o principle_n and_o the_o same_o if_o he_o have_v be_v carry_v away_o by_o pirate_n to_o argier_n as_o i_o at_o first_o suppose_v m._n this_o be_v a_o very_a invidious_a comparison_n for_o though_o i_o do_v not_o approve_v of_o the_o roman-catholick_n religion_n yet_o sure_o there_o be_v a_o great_a deal_n of_o difference_n between_o that_o which_o profess_v all_o the_o article_n of_o our_o creed_n and_o in_o which_o we_o of_o our_o church_n own_o salvation_n may_v be_v obtain_v and_o the_o mahometan_a superstition_n which_o deny_v that_o fundamental_a article_n of_o our_o creed_n viz._n that_o jesus_n christ_n be_v the_o son_n of_o god_n and_o as_o for_o civil_a or_o political_a principle_n i_o hope_v the_o king_n his_o father_n will_v take_v care_n to_o have_v he_o instruct_v by_o some_o of_o those_o english_a nobleman_n or_o gentleman_n who_o be_v now_o with_o he_o in_o the_o custom_n and_o constitution_n of_o the_o english_a government_n and_o wherein_o it_o differ_v from_o the_o french_a
and_o be_v by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n oblige_v to_o honour_n obey_v assist_v and_o support_v so_o also_o be_v he_o bear_v a_o member_n of_o the_o body_n politic_a and_o by_o consequence_n a_o subject_a to_o the_o sovereign_n of_o it_o and_o according_o by_o the_o same_o eternal_a law_n be_v bind_v to_o pay_v all_o faithful_a service_n and_o obedience_n to_o he_o when_o he_o in_o a_o capacity_n to_o perform_v they_o but_o your_o next_o mistake_n be_v yet_o worse_o when_o you_o confound_v that_o common_a obligation_n of_o a_o foreigner_n or_o mere_a denizen_n to_o be_v true_a and_o faithful_a to_o the_o common_a wealth_n wherein_o he_o live_v with_o this_o natural_a allegiance_n of_o every_o english_a subject_n for_o though_o i_o grant_v the_o take_v the_o oath_n of_o allegiance_n do_v not_o enforce_v any_o new_a obligation_n upon_o he_o that_o take_v it_o more_o than_o he_o be_v subject_a to_o before_o yet_o for_o all_o that_o i_o think_v you_o will_v not_o deny_v but_o that_o there_o be_v a_o great_a deal_n of_o difference_n between_o that_o common_a obedience_n or_o submission_n which_o such_o a_o foreigner_n pay_v to_o the_o king_n and_o his_o law_n in_o a_o country_n where_o he_o sojourn_v and_o that_o more_o perfect_a allegiance_n arise_v either_o by_o birth_n or_o from_o such_o a_o stranger_n be_v naturalize_v and_o by_o take_v the_o oath_n of_o allegiance_n become_v as_o true_a and_o perfect_a a_o subject_a as_o a_o natural_a english_a man_n and_o hence_o it_o be_v that_o in_o all_o war_n declare_v between_o neighbour_a prince_n whatever_o subject_n of_o they_o shall_v presume_v to_o stay_v and_o reside_v in_o each_o other_o dominion_n after_o once_o they_o be_v recall_v home_o may_v be_v just_o execute_v as_o traitor_n when_o ever_o they_o shall_v be_v take_v and_o therefore_o though_o i_o grant_v that_o every_o person_n now_o live_v in_o england_n and_o of_o ripe_a age_n be_v oblige_v to_o obey_v your_o king_n and_o queen_n de_fw-fr facto_fw-la in_o all_o ordinary_a and_o lawful_a thing_n which_o tend_v to_o the_o public_a benefit_n and_o defence_n of_o the_o civil_a society_n or_o common-weal_n and_o which_o be_v for_o the_o benefit_n of_o the_o king_n de_fw-fr jure_fw-la and_o his_o liege_n people_n it_o be_v to_o be_v moral_o suppose_v they_o have_v his_o tacit_fw-la consent_n for_o what_o they_o do_v as_o long_o as_o it_o tend_v only_o to_o this_o end_n yet_o do_v it_o not_o therefore_o follow_v that_o the_o bare_a protection_n of_o this_o usurp_a government_n and_o the_o enjoyment_n of_o the_o common_a privilege_n of_o a_o subject_a shall_v give_v such_o a_o king_n de_fw-fr facto_fw-la or_o government_n a_o right_a of_o exact_v a_o oath_n of_o allegiance_n to_o they_o since_o i_o have_v already_o prove_v from_o the_o true_a signification_n of_o be_v true_a and_o faithful_a as_o also_o from_o the_o legal_a signification_n of_o the_o word_n allegiance_n that_o no_o true_a subject_n can_v lawful_o take_v it_o without_o renounce_v his_o allegiance_n to_o his_o natural_a prince_n since_o not_o only_o a_o bare_a neutrality_n or_o obedience_n in_o not_o transgress_v the_o law_n be_v thereby_o require_v of_o they_o but_o also_o a_o active_a obedience_n and_o duty_n in_o perform_v the_o king_n de_fw-fr facto_n command_n and_o the_o deâ—ending_v he_o when_o ever_o there_o be_v occasion_n in_o his_o ill-gotten_a power_n but_o since_o the_o only_a difficulty_n be_v how_o a_o strict_a observation_n of_o this_o oath_n can_v consist_v with_o the_o quiet_a and_o happiness_n of_o the_o subject_n when_o ever_o a_o new_a oath_n of_o allegiance_n come_v to_o be_v impose_v by_o the_o king_n de_fw-fr facto_fw-la since_o the_o subject_n may_v be_v all_o ruine_a that_o do_v not_o take_v it_o if_o it_o be_v once_o offer_v to_o they_o this_o difficulty_n may_v be_v easy_o remove_v if_o the_o whole_a nation_n will_v â—lick_v firm_o to_o the_o duty_n require_v by_o their_o former_a oath_n of_o allegiance_n and_o resolve_v never_o to_o take_v a_o new_a one_o for_o then_o the_o number_n of_o the_o refuser_n will_v be_v so_o great_a as_o that_o they_o will_v be_v more_o than_o can_v be_v make_v to_o suffer_v for_o their_o refuse_v it_o i_o speak_v of_o such_o subject_n as_o be_v in_o our_o case_n and_o who_o be_v not_o force_v by_o a_o prince_n who_o either_o have_v the_o right_a or_o power_n of_o a_o conqueror_n to_o compel_v they_o by_o force_n and_o therefore_o your_o instance_n of_o the_o subject_n of_o the_o king_n of_o spain_n or_o of_o the_o duke_n of_o holstein_n who_o be_v conquer_v or_o else_o as_o good_a as_o conquer_v by_o the_o power_n of_o france_n and_o denmark_n whereas_o we_o be_v only_o overawe_v by_o a_o inconsiderable_a number_n of_o dutch_a and_o german_n and_o may_v set_v ourselves_o free_a if_o we_o will_v give_v but_o a_o vigorous_a effort_n towards_o it_o for_o that_o king_n william_n be_v a_o conqueror_n over_o the_o whole_a nation_n i_o think_v you_o dare_v not_o affirm_v and_o without_o he_o be_v so_o he_o can_v challenge_v no_o right_n to_o our_o allegiance_n as_o such_o and_o therefore_o i_o must_v still_o believe_v that_o the_o oath_n of_o allegiance_n i_o have_v take_v to_o king_n james_n and_o his_o heir_n be_v perpetual_a unless_o you_o can_v show_v i_o that_o their_o right_n be_v determine_v which_o you_o have_v not_o do_v by_o any_o thing_n you_o have_v yet_o say_v and_o therefore_o i_o can_v be_v of_o your_o opinion_n that_o the_o bare_a protection_n of_o a_o usurp_a power_n can_v justify_v our_o swear_v allegiance_n to_o it_o either_o in_o law_n or_o conscience_n for_o then_o all_o man_n have_v be_v oblige_v to_o pay_v as_o firm_a a_o allegiance_n to_o the_o rump_n parliament_n and_o also_o to_o oliver_n cromwell_n as_o to_z king_n william_n and_o queen_n marry_o since_o both_o the_o former_a protect_v the_o people_n as_o much_o in_o their_o religion_n civil_a liberty_n and_o property_n as_o the_o latter_a i_o fear_v will_v ever_o do_v and_o that_o the_o bare_a protection_n of_o a_o government_n do_v not_o give_v it_o no_o absolute_a right_n to_o the_o allegiance_n of_o all_o those_o that_o enjoy_v their_o protection_n i_o think_v may_v be_v sufficient_o prove_v from_o the_o instance_n of_o a_o frenchman_n or_o any_o other_o foreigner_n who_o though_o by_o his_o live_n here_o and_o enjoy_v the_o common_a protection_n of_o the_o government_n i_o grant_v he_o be_v oblige_v to_o be_v obedient_a to_o its_o law_n and_o be_v not_o to_o act_n or_o conspire_v against_o it_o yet_o this_o do_v not_o discharge_v he_o from_o his_o natural_a allegiance_n which_o he_o still_o owe_v to_o his_o former_a prince_n so_o as_o to_o do_v any_o thing_n which_o may_v prejudice_v that_o allegience_n he_o owe_v to_o he_o either_o by_o conspire_v or_o fight_v against_o he_o and_o this_o be_v solemn_o declare_v to_o be_v law_n by_o the_o judge_n of_o the_o kings-bench_n in_o the_o case_n of_o dr._n story_n in_o the_o 13_o the_o year_n of_o queen_n elizabeth_n he_o be_v a_o violent_a papist_n flee_v over_o into_o flanders_n to_o the_o duke_n of_o alva_n and_o there_o conspire_v with_o he_o to_o invade_v this_o kingdom_n and_o be_v afterward_o take_v and_o bring_v over_o prisoner_n be_v try_v as_o a_o subject_a of_o england_n though_o he_o refuse_v to_o plead_v as_o such_o because_o he_o say_v he_o have_v swear_v allegiance_n to_o the_o king_n of_o spain_n notwithstanding_o which_o plea_n he_o be_v execute_v as_o a_o traitor_n as_o you_o will_v find_v at_o large_a in_o my_o lord_n chief_a justice_n dyers's_n report_n 2._o which_o judgement_n be_v also_o confirm_v by_o the_o lord_n chief_a justice_n coke_n in_o calvins_n case_n where_o he_o express_o assert_n that_o a_o person_n bear_v under_o the_o dominion_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n owe_v he_o perpetual_a faith_n and_o allegiance_n and_o this_o by_o virtue_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n because_o jura_n naturalia_fw-la sunt_fw-la immutabilia_fw-la from_o whence_o will_v also_o appear_v the_o falsity_n of_o your_o conclusion_n that_o oath_n of_o allegience_n extend_v no_o further_o then_o to_o the_o king_n in_o possession_n or_o to_o that_o government_n to_o which_o we_o do_v at_o present_a owe_v our_o common_a protection_n and_o therefore_o that_o our_o law_n have_v a_o much_o high_a consideration_n of_o this_o inherent_a allegiance_n that_o belong_v to_o a_o king_n de_fw-fr jure_fw-la as_o to_o his_o particular_a person_n and_o his_o heir_n so_o that_o it_o can_v be_v indifferent_o pay_v to_o any_o body_n else_o who_o can_v by_o seize_v of_o the_o government_n force_v we_o to_o owe_v our_o protection_n to_o they_o which_o appear_v by_o what_o my_o lord_n coke_n have_v also_o lay_v down_o to_o have_v be_v agree_v by_o all_o the_o judge_n upon_o this_o oath_n of_o allegiance_n in_o calvins_n case_n as_o i_o
man_n may_v have_v proceed_v not_o from_o their_o own_o right_n or_o possession_n but_o from_o the_o assignment_n of_o their_o chief_a captain_n or_o leader_n yet_o be_v not_o the_o estate_n which_o such_o particular_a man_n enjoy_v to_o be_v look_v upon_o only_a as_o the_o mere_a grace_n or_o favour_n of_o such_o a_o prince_n since_o most_o of_o those_o who_o follow_v he_o in_o this_o conquest_n or_o expedition_n do_v it_o not_o as_o subject_n but_o as_o volunteer_n and_o without_o who_o assistance_n he_o can_v never_o have_v conquer_a at_o all_o so_o that_o they_o have_v thereby_o acquire_v to_o themselves_o a_o certain_a portion_n or_o share_v in_o the_o land_n so_o conquer_a though_o for_o avoid_v dissension_n and_o quarrel_n among_o they_o it_o be_v leave_v to_o the_o disposal_n of_o this_o new_a prince_n as_o a_o public_a trustee_n to_o distribute_v to_o each_o person_n what_o share_n he_o shall_v have_v but_o in_o the_o other_o case_n when_o father_n or_o master_n of_o family_n before_o free_a and_o possess_v of_o hereditary_a estate_n do_v submit_v themselves_o to_o the_o command_n of_o one_o man_n voluntary_o or_o by_o election_n those_o estate_n do_v much_o less_o depend_v upon_o the_o will_n or_o favour_n of_o that_o prince_n and_o therefore_o if_o such_o a_o prince_n shall_v without_o their_o consent_n go_v about_o to_o take_v away_o their_o property_n in_o their_o estate_n he_o may_v very_o just_o be_v resist_v by_o they_o since_o a_o quiet_a enjoyment_n of_o these_o in_o peace_n and_o safety_n be_v one_o of_o the_o chief_a reason_n that_o make_v they_o choose_v he_o for_o their_o prince_n and_o be_v certain_o one_o of_o the_o original_a compact_n of_o the_o government_n and_o that_o in_o absolute_a monarchy_n where_o the_o subject_n be_v not_o slave_n they_o look_v upon_o themselves_o to_o have_v such_o a_o settle_a property_n in_o their_o person_n and_o estate_n by_o compact_a that_o seneca_n bold_o pronounce_v errat_fw-la siquis_fw-la existimat_fw-la sutum_fw-la â—sse_fw-la ibi_fw-la râ—gem_fw-la ubi_fw-la nihil_fw-la à _fw-la regetutum_fw-la est_fw-la securitas_fw-la securitate_fw-la mutua_fw-la paciscenda_fw-la est_fw-la and_o mr._n hobbs_n himself_o as_o much_o a_o friend_n as_o he_o be_v to_o the_o arbitrary_a power_n of_o monarch_n and_o a_o enemy_n to_o the_o natural_a right_n of_o subject_n yet_o be_v force_v in_o his_o leviathan_n to_o confess_v that_o the_o riches_n power_n and_o honour_n of_o a_o monarch_n arise_v only_o from_o the_o riches_n strength_n and_o reputation_n of_o his_o subject_n for_o no_o king_n can_v be_v rich_a 96._o nor_o glorious_a nor_o secure_a who_o subject_n be_v â—â—â—her_o poor_a or_o contemptible_a though_o how_o this_o riches_n and_o strength_n of_o subject_n can_v consist_v with_o that_o absolute_a power_n which_o he_o give_v his_o sovereign_n over_o the_o person_n and_o estate_n of_o his_o subject_n i_o can_v understand_v since_o he_o will_v not_o allow_v of_o any_o compact_n or_o condition_n between_o he_o and_o they_o but_o that_o their_o propriety_n may_v very_o well_o consist_v with_o the_o power_n of_o the_o prince_n seneca_n show_v we_o jure_fw-la civili_fw-la say_v he_o omniâ—_n râ—gis_fw-la sunt_fw-la &_o tamen_fw-la illa_fw-la quorum_fw-la ad_fw-la regem_fw-la pertinet_fw-la universa_fw-la possessio_fw-la in_o singulos_fw-la dominos_fw-la descripta_fw-la sunt_fw-la &_o unaquaeque_fw-la res_fw-la habet_fw-la possessorem_fw-la suum_fw-la itaque_fw-la dare_v regi_fw-la &_o donum_fw-la &_o mancipium_fw-la &_o pecuniam_fw-la possumus_fw-la nec_fw-la donare_fw-la illi_fw-la de_fw-la svo_fw-la dicimur_fw-la ad_fw-la reges_fw-la enim_fw-la potestas_fw-la omnium_fw-la pertinet_fw-la ad_fw-la singulos_fw-la proprietas_fw-la and_o the_o earl_n of_o clarendon_n in_o his_o survey_n of_o the_o leviathan_n make_v this_o excellent_a remark_n upon_o this_o passage_n of_o seneca_n 24._o and_o that_o prince_n who_o think_v his_o power_n so_o greâ—â—_n that_o his_o subject_n have_v nothing_o to_o give_v he_o will_v be_v very_o unhappy_a if_o he_o have_v evern_n nâ—ed_v of_o their_o hand_n or_o their_o heart_n so_o that_o notwithstanding_o this_o universal_a power_n or_o supereminent_a dominion_n of_o the_o emperor_n over_o all_o thing_n which_o seneca_n there_o suppose_v yet_o if_o he_o shall_v have_v go_v about_o to_o have_v invade_v all_o man_n property_n and_o reduce_v all_o man_n estate_n into_o the_o public_a treasury_n i_o doubt_v not_o but_o he_o will_v soon_o have_v have_v not_o only_o his_o own_o legion_n but_o the_o whole_a empire_n about_o his_o ear_n and_o though_o i_o have_v hear_v that_o the_o french_a king_n do_v by_o his_o exâ—roitant_a tax_n and_o gabel_n raise_v more_o mâ—ney_n out_o of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o france_n and_o the_o territory_n annex_v to_o it_o than_o the_o ottoman_a emperor_n do_v out_o of_o that_o vast_a empire_n of_o which_o he_o have_v the_o sole_a propriety_n of_o the_o land_n in_o himself_o yet_o if_o the_o french_a king_n shall_v endeavour_v by_o the_o power_n of_o his_o stand_a army_n to_o take_v away_o all_o man_n hereditary_a property_n in_o their_o estate_n and_o make_v they_o all_o to_o be_v hold_v at_o will_n i_o doubt_v not_o but_o he_o will_v not_o only_o be_v oppose_v by_o his_o subject_n and_o perhaps_o ruin_v in_o the_o attempt_n but_o also_o if_o he_o shall_v succeed_v in_o it_o will_v be_v so_o far_o from_o be_v the_o rich_a or_o more_o powerful_a that_o he_o will_v become_v the_o poor_a and_o weak_a when_o he_o have_v do_v since_o no_o man_n will_v take_v the_o pain_n to_o build_v till_o or_o improve_v their_o estate_n any_o more_o than_o they_o do_v in_o turkey_n when_o they_o be_v not_o sure_a 〈◊〉_d soon_o they_o may_v be_v turn_v out_o of_o they_o or_o at_o least_o can_v hold_v they_o no_o long_o than_o for_o their_o life_n or_o a_o few_o year_n so_o prevalent_a a_o thing_n be_v this_o empty_a shadow_n and_o bare_a name_n of_o property_n that_o be_v now_o leave_v in_o france_n be_v often_o charge_v with_o 〈◊〉_d to_o above_o half_a the_o value_n of_o the_o estate_n to_o encourage_v the_o people_n to_o beautify_v cultivate_v and_o improve_v a_o country_n abound_v with_o all_o those_o riches_n that_o nature_n or_o art_n can_v produce_v and_o to_o let_v you_o see_v i_o be_o not_o at_o all_o partial_a i_o think_v i_o may_v safe_o affirm_v the_o same_o of_o the_o legislative_a power_n in_o this_o kingdom_n so_o that_o if_o it_o shall_v happen_v which_o thou_o high_o improbable_a yet_o it_o be_v not_o impossible_a that_o the_o lord_n and_o commons_o assemble_v in_o parliament_n shall_v so_o far_o abuse_v the_o trust_v repose_v in_o they_o as_o to_o give_v up_o all_o their_o civil_a property_n in_o their_o estate_n into_o the_o king_n hand_n to_o be_v dispose_v of_o as_o he_o shall_v think_v fit_a and_o that_o the_o king_n shall_v thereupon_o go_v about_o to_o turn_v all_o the_o people_n out_o of_o their_o estate_n i_o doubt_v not_o but_o they_o may_v in_o that_o case_n resist_v the_o king_n if_o he_o go_v to_o do_v it_o by_o force_n notwithstanding_o this_o act_n of_o parliament_n and_o my_o reason_n it_o that_o a_o 〈◊〉_d hereditary_a property_n in_o estate_n be_v a_o ancient_n if_o not_o more_o than_o parliament_n themselves_o in_o this_o nation_n must_v consequent_o be_v a_o fundamental_a law_n of_o the_o government_n and_o so_o can_v be_v alter_v by_o its_o representative_n for_o though_o it_o be_v true_a the_o people_n have_v give_v they_o a_o power_n to_o dispose_v of_o what_o part_n of_o their_o estate_n they_o shall_v think_v 〈◊〉_d yet_o do_v they_o not_o make_v it_o absolute_a to_o extend_v either_o to_o their_o liberty_n i_o mean_v in_o respect_n of_o slavery_n or_o their_o whole_a property_n in_o their_o estate_n and_o if_o the_o king_n may_v be_v resist_v if_o he_o invade_v they_o by_o his_o own_o sole_a authority_n the_o reason_n will_v be_v the_o same_o why_o he_o may_v be_v also_o resist_v though_o back_v by_o a_o act_n of_o parliament_n since_o the_o taâ—â—ing_n away_o of_o civil_a property_n will_v prove_v as_o destructive_a to_o the_o peopleâ—_n liberty_n and_o happiness_n in_o the_o one_o case_n as_o in_o the_o other_o and_o as_o great_a a_o abuse_n of_o the_o trust_v repose_v 〈◊〉_d they_o that_o be_v design_v to_o protect_v it_o m._n i_o can_v except_v against_o your_o distinction_n between_o those_o government_n where_o a_o property_n in_o estate_n do_v precede_v the_o institution_n of_o the_o government_n it_o sell_v for_o there_o i_o grant_v that_o such_o a_o property_n may_v be_v a_o fundamental_a law_n of_o the_o government_n but_o in_o those_o monarchy_n that_o have_v begin_v by_o conquest_n under_o the_o command_n of_o a_o king_n or_o absolute_a prince_n over_o a_o army_n of_o his_o own_o subject_n in_o that_o case_n upon_o the_o conquest_n of_o a_o kingdom_n or_o foreign_a nation_n not_o only_o the_o prey_n or_o good_n of_o the_o 〈◊〉_d but_o also_o their_o estate_n be_v
and_o irresistible_a the_o person_n and_o authority_n of_o king_n be_v under_o the_o jewish_a government_n and_o there_o can_v be_v a_o plain_a example_n of_o this_o than_o in_o the_o case_n of_o david_n he_o be_v himself_o anoint_v to_o be_v king_n after_o saul_n death_n but_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n he_o be_v grievous_o persecute_v by_o saul_n who_o pursue_v he_o from_o one_o place_n to_o another_o with_o a_o design_n to_o take_v away_o his_o life_n how_o now_o do_v david_n behave_v himself_o in_o this_o extremity_n what_o course_n do_v he_o take_v to_o secure_v himself_o from_o saul_n why_o he_o take_v the_o only_a course_n that_o be_v leave_v to_o a_o subject_a 28.29_o he_o fly_v for_o it_o and_o hide_v himself_o from_o saul_n in_o the_o mountain_n and_o cave_n of_o the_o wilderness_n and_o when_o he_o find_v he_o be_v discover_v in_o one_o place_n he_o remove_v to_o another_o he_o keep_v spy_n upon_o saul_n to_o observe_v his_o motion_n not_o that_o he_o may_v meet_v he_o to_o give_v he_o batâ—le_a or_o to_o take_v he_o at_o a_o advantage_n but_o that_o he_o may_v keep_v out_o of_o his_o way_n and_o not_o fall_v unaware_o into_o his_o hand_n well_o but_o this_o be_v no_o thanks_o to_o david_n you_o will_v say_v because_o he_o can_v not_o do_v otherwise_o he_o be_v too_o weak_a for_o saul_n and_o not_o able_a to_o stand_v against_o he_o and_o therefore_o have_v no_o other_o remedy_n but_o flight_n but_o yet_o we_o must_v consider_v that_o david_n be_v a_o man_n of_o war_n he_o slay_v goliath_n and_o fight_v the_o battle_n of_o israel_n with_o great_a success_n he_o be_v a_o admire_a and_o belove_a captain_n which_o make_v saul_n so_o jealous_a of_o he_o the_o eye_n of_o israel_n be_v upon_o he_o for_o their_o next_o king_n and_o how_o easy_o may_v he_o have_v raise_v a_o potent_a and_o formidable_a rebellion_n against_o saul_n but_o he_o be_v so_o far_o from_o this_o that_o he_o invite_v no_o man_n to_o his_o assistance_n and_o when_o some_o come_v uninvited_a he_o make_v no_o use_n of_o they_o in_o a_o offensive_a or_o defensive_a war_n against_o saul_n nay_o when_o god_n deliver_v saul_n twice_o into_o david_n hand_n that_o he_o can_v as_o easy_o have_v kill_v he_o as_o have_v cut_v off_o the_o skirt_n of_o his_o garment_n at_o engedi_n 26._o or_o as_o have_v take_v that_o spear_n away_o which_o stick_v on_o the_o ground_n as_o his_o bolster_n as_o he_o do_v in_o the_o hill_n of_o hachilâ—h_n yet_o he_o will_v neither_o touch_v saul_n himself_o nor_o suffer_v any_o of_o the_o people_n that_o be_v with_o he_o to_o do_v it_o though_o they_o be_v very_o importunate_a with_o he_o to_o let_v they_o kill_v saul_n nay_o though_o they_o urge_v he_o with_o a_o argument_n from_o providence_n that_o it_o be_v a_o plain_a evidence_n that_o it_o be_v the_o will_n of_o god_n that_o he_o shall_v kill_v he_o 26.8_o because_o god_n have_v now_o deliver_v his_o enemy_n into_o his_o hand_n according_a to_o the_o promise_v he_o have_v make_v to_o david_n we_o know_v what_o use_v some_o man_n have_v make_v of_o this_o argument_n of_o providence_n to_o justify_v all_o the_o villainy_n they_o have_v a_o mind_n to_o act_v 30._o but_o david_n it_o seem_v do_v not_o think_v that_o a_o opportunity_n of_o do_v evil_a give_v he_o a_o licence_n and_o authority_n to_o do_v it_o opportunity_n we_o say_v make_v a_o thief_n and_o it_o make_v a_o rebel_n and_o a_o murderer_n too_o no_o man_n can_v do_v any_o wickedness_n which_o he_o have_v no_o opportunity_n of_o do_v and_o if_o the_o providence_n of_o god_n which_o put_v such_o opportunity_n into_o man_n hand_n may_v justify_v the_o wickedness_n they_o commit_v no_o man_n can_v be_v chargeable_a with_o any_o gild_n whatever_o he_o do_v and_o certain_o opportunity_n will_v as_o soon_o justify_v any_o other_o sin_n as_o rebellion_n and_o the_o murder_n of_o prince_n we_o be_v to_o learn_v our_o duty_n from_o the_o law_n of_o god_n not_o from_o his_o providence_n at_o least_o this_o must_v be_v a_o settle_a principle_n that_o the_o providence_n of_o god_n will_v never_o justify_v any_o action_n which_o his_o law_n forbid_v and_o therefore_o notwithstanding_o this_o opportunity_n which_o god_n have_v put_v into_o his_o hand_n to_o destroy_v his_o enemy_n and_o to_o take_v the_o crown_n for_o his_o reward_n david_n consider_v his_o duty_n remember_v that_o though_o saul_n be_v his_o enemy_n and_o that_o very_o unjust_o yet_o he_o be_v still_o the_o lord_n anoint_v the_o lord_n forbid_v say_v he_o that_o i_o shall_v do_v this_o unto_o my_o master_n the_o lord_n anoint_v to_o stretch_v forth_o any_o hand_n against_o he_o see_v he_o be_v the_o lord_n anoint_v nay_o he_o be_v so_o far_o from_o take_v away_o his_o life_n that_o his_o heart_n smite_v he_o for_o cut_v off_o the_o skirt_n of_o his_o garment_n and_o we_o ought_v to_o observe_v the_o reason_n david_n give_v why_o he_o dare_v not_o hurt_v saul_n because_o he_o be_v the_o lord_n anoint_v which_o be_v the_o very_a reason_n the_o apostle_n give_v in_o the_o roman_n 2._o because_o the_o power_n that_o be_v be_v ordain_v of_o god_n and_o he_o that_o resist_v the_o power_n resist_v the_o ordinance_n of_o god_n for_o to_o be_v anoint_v of_o god_n signify_v no_o more_o than_o that_o he_o be_v make_v king_n or_o ordain_v by_o god_n for_o this_o external_a unction_n be_v only_o a_o visible_a sign_n of_o god_n designation_n of_o they_o to_o such_o a_o office_n and_o it_o be_v certain_a they_o be_v as_o much_o god_n anoint_v without_o this_o visible_a unction_n as_o with_o it_o cyrus_n be_v call_v god_n anoint_v though_o he_o never_o be_v anoint_v by_o any_o prophet_n but_o only_o design_v for_o his_o kingdom_n by_o prophecy_n 45.1_o and_o we_o never_o read_v in_o scripture_n that_o any_o king_n have_v this_o external_a unction_n who_o succeed_v in_o the_o kingdom_n by_o right_a of_o inheritance_n unless_o the_o title_n and_o succession_n be_v doubtful_a and_o yet_o they_o be_v the_o lord_n anoint_v too_o 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make_v it_o evident_a that_o he_o do_v not_o think_v a_o defensive_a war_n against_o those_o cutthroat_n that_o saul_n may_v send_v to_o kill_v he_o unlawful_a 2._o and_o so_o much_o dr._n fearn_n himself_o in_o his_o first_o discourse_n call_v resolve_v of_o conscience_n etc._n etc._n against_o resistance_n of_o the_o high_a power_n acknowledge_v for_o david_n when_o he_o flee_v from_o saul_n make_v himself_o captain_n of_o four_o hundred_o man_n which_o number_n soon_o increase_v to_o six_o hundred_o 12.1_o and_o still_o every_o day_n grow_v more_o by_o addition_n now_o why_o shall_v he_o entertain_v those_o man_n but_o to_o defend_v himself_o against_o the_o force_n of_o saul_n that_o be_v to_o make_v a_o defensive_a war_n when_o ever_o he_o be_v assault_v by_o he_o m._n i_o think_v i_o can_v give_v you_o a_o sufficient_a answer_n to_o this_o and_o therefore_o you_o must_v observe_v that_o david_n invite_v none_o of_o these_o man_n in_o to_o he_o but_o they_o come_v as_o volunteer_n after_o a_o belove_a captain_n 32._o and_o general_n which_o show_v how_o formidable_a he_o can_v easy_o have_v make_v himself_o when_o such_o number_n resort_v to_o he_o of_o their_o own_o accord_n when_o he_o have_v they_o he_o never_o use_v they_o for_o any_o hostile_a act_n against_o saul_n or_o any_o of_o his_o force_n he_o never_o stand_v his_o ground_n when_o he_o hear_v saul_n be_v come_v but_o always_o flee_v and_o his_o man_n with_o he_o man_n who_o never_o be_v use_v to_o fly_v and_o be_v very_o ready_a to_o have_v serve_v he_o against_o saul_n himself_o will_v he_o have_v permit_v they_o and_o i_o suppose_v you_o will_v not_o call_v it_o a_o defensive_a war_n to_o fly_v before_o a_o enemy_n and_o to_o hide_v
voluntate_fw-la regis_fw-la teâ—â—ere_fw-la praesumptum_fw-la est_fw-la sed_fw-la quod_fw-la consilio_fw-la magistratuum_fw-la suoâ—an_fw-la rege_fw-la authoritatem_fw-la praesâ—aâ—â—e_fw-la &_o babâ—â—a_fw-la super_fw-la hoâ—_n deliberatâ—one_fw-la so_o that_o you_o see_v in_o the_o time_n when_o this_o author_n write_v the_o king_n can_v do_v no_o more_o by_o his_o prerogative_n than_o the_o law_n allow_v he_o to_o do_v and_o though_o it_o be_v true_a it_o be_v his_o will_n and_o authority_n that_o give_v vigour_n to_o the_o law_n yet_o this_o only_a as_o it_o be_v declare_v in_o parliament_n and_o in_o those_o act_n which_o have_v before_o receive_v the_o consent_n of_o his_o great_a council_n here_o call_v the_o king_n magistrate_n and_o therefore_o you_o have_v do_v what_o you_o can_v to_o confound_v the_o difference_n between_o the_o king_n declaration_n or_o writ_n explain_v and_o enforce_v the_o common_a law_n of_o england_n or_o else_o interpret_n former_a act_n of_o parliament_n already_o make_v which_o be_v a_o prerogative_n often_o exercise_v by_o the_o king_n and_o his_o council_n in_o parliament_n which_o then_o consist_v of_o all_o or_o most_o of_o the_o judge_n and_o great_a officer_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o which_o i_o shall_v speak_v more_o at_o large_a by_z and_o by_z and_o i_o confess_v we_o be_v much_o in_o the_o dark_a because_o our_o ancient_a parliament-roll_n be_v almost_o all_o lose_v and_o consequent_o the_o statute_n therein_o contain_v so_o that_o we_o have_v almost_o nothing_o leave_v of_o they_o but_o such_o copy_n or_o remain_n as_o be_v preserve_v by_o judge_n and_o lawyer_n in_o those_o and_o succeed_v time_n whilst_o they_o be_v still_o in_o be_v and_o therefore_o i_o think_v i_o may_v at_o present_v bold_o affirm_v that_o if_o that_o which_o you_o call_v the_o statute_n of_o ireland_n be_v not_o found_v upon_o some_o former_a statute_n not_o now_o in_o be_v it_o be_v no_o act_n of_o parliament_n at_o all_o but_o only_o the_o king_n be_v write_v to_o the_o chief_a justiciar_n of_o ireland_n command_v and_o enforce_v the_o common_a law_n of_o england_n in_o the_o case_n of_o coparcener_n to_o be_v observe_v in_o ireland_n the_o like_a i_o may_v say_v to_o the_o explanation_n of_o the_o statute_n of_o gloucester_n which_o may_v be_v no_o more_o than_o the_o interpretation_n of_o the_o king_n and_o his_o justice_n of_o the_o sense_n of_o some_o article_n in_o that_o statute_n and_o this_o for_o its_o great_a authority_n exemplify_v under_o the_o great_a seal_n and_o so_o send_v to_o all_o the_o court_n at_o westminster_n and_o often_o to_o the_o sheriff_n of_o all_o the_o county_n in_o england_n yet_o without_o alter_v that_o statute_n in_o some_o point_n as_o you_o will_v have_v it_o the_o like_a i_o may_v say_v of_o the_o statute_n of_o acon_n burnel_n and_o therefore_o it_o be_v very_o rash_o do_v to_o conclude_v that_o though_o we_o have_v not_o the_o original_a act_n and_o record_n of_o parliament_n of_o that_o time_n that_o therefore_o such_o statute_n be_v make_v by_o the_o king_n alone_o in_o his_o privy_a council_n so_o that_o i_o must_v still_o continue_v of_o the_o same_o opinion_n with_o the_o great_a selden_n in_o this_o point_n who_o in_o his_o marâ—_n clausum_fw-la tell_v we_o it_o be_v most_o certain_a that_o according_a to_o ancient_a custom_n no_o answer_n be_v give_v either_o by_o the_o king_n or_o in_o the_o king_n name_n to_o any_o parliamentary_a bill_n before_o that_o bill_n whether_o it_o be_v bring_v in_o first_o by_o the_o lord_n or_o by_o the_o commons_o have_v past_o both_o house_n as_o be_v know_v to_o all_o that_o be_v verse_v in_o parliamentary_a affair_n which_o if_o it_o have_v be_v the_o fundamental_a law_n of_o this_o kingdom_n it_o signify_v very_o little_a in_o what_o form_n the_o law_n be_v express_a whether_o in_o the_o king_n name_n only_o as_o give_v the_o last_o assent_n thereto_o or_o else_o as_o his_o concession_n to_o the_o lord_n and_o 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droict_n faict_v comme_fw-fr est_fw-fr desire_n the_o next_o mistake_v you_o fall_v into_o proceed_v from_o your_o confound_v the_o king_n be_v extraordinary_a council_n in_o parliament_n with_o the_o king_n be_v special_a or_o privy_a council_n and_o in_o a_o manner_n make_v this_o a_o four_o estate_n by_o who_o as_o well_o as_o by_o the_o lord_n and_o commons_o law_n be_v often_o make_v whereas_o indeed_o neither_o the_o one_o nor_o the_o other_o be_v true_a for_o though_o i_o grant_v that_o there_o be_v often_o make_v mention_n in_o our_o ancient_a statute_n or_o record_n of_o the_o king_n council_n yet_o this_o be_v not_o to_o be_v understand_v of_o his_o privy_a council_n but_o of_o a_o special_a council_n with_o who_o our_o king_n be_v former_o sit_v during_o the_o time_n of_o parliament_n and_o before_o who_o and_o to_o who_o we_o find_v by_o divers_a record_n that_o both_o the_o lord_n and_o commons_o do_v often_o petition_n as_o you_o yourself_o do_v true_o affirm_v but_o that_o this_o be_v not_o the_o king_n be_v privy_a council_n but_o another_o quite_o different_a from_o it_o and_o to_o which_o it_o seem_v to_o i_o that_o fleâ—a_n refer_v in_o his_o second_o book_n cap._n 2._o habet_fw-la enim_fw-la rex_fw-la curiam_fw-la svam_fw-la in_o concilio_n svo_fw-la in_o parliamentis_fw-la suis_fw-la praesentibus_fw-la praelatis_fw-la comit._n etc._n etc._n and_o this_o council_n consist_v of_o all_o the_o great_a officer_n of_o the_o kingdom_n viz._n the_o lord_n treasurer_n chancellor_n and_o keeper_n of_o the_o privy_a seal_n master_n of_o the_o wardrobe_n the_o judge_n of_o the_o king_n bench_n common_a plea_n baron_n of_o the_o exchequer_n justice_n itinerant_n and_o justice_n of_o assize_n with_o such_o of_o the_o dignify_v clergy_n as_o it_o please_v the_o king_n to_o call_v which_o that_o they_o be_v altogether_o distinct_a from_o the_o king_n be_v privy_a council_n appear_v plain_o by_o this_o that_o the_o late_a never_o include_v all_o the_o judge_n nor_o do_v the_o privy_a council_n ever_o exercise_v any_o judicial_a authority_n in_o parliament_n as_o this_o council_n do_v in_o those_o day_n but_o that_o this_o council_n consist_v of_o the_o party_n above_o mention_v see_v the_o statute_n of_o escheator_n make_v 29_o edw._n i._o dorso_n and_o in_o the_o placita_fw-la parliamentaria_fw-la of_o that_o year_n the_o statute_n run_v thus_o per_fw-la consilium_fw-la regis_fw-la concordatum_fw-la est_fw-la coram_fw-la domino_fw-la rege_fw-la ipso_fw-la consentiente_fw-la etc._n etc._n but_o in_o the_o close_a roll_n of_o this_o year_n it_o be_v clear_o explain_v who_o be_v of_o this_o council_n their_o name_n be_v there_o particular_o recite_v viz._n all_o the_o great_a officer_n abovementioned_a together_o with_o the_o judge_n of_o the_o king_n court_n and_o justice_n itinerant_a etc._n etc._n which_o be_v likewise_o explain_v by_o the_o parliament_n roll_v 9_o edw._n 2._o rex_fw-la voluit_fw-la quod_fw-la dominus_fw-la cancellarius_fw-la thesaurarius_fw-la barones_n soaccarii_fw-la justiâ—iarii_fw-la &_o alii_fw-la de_fw-la consilio_fw-la domini_fw-la regis_fw-la londin_n 9_o existente_fw-la convenirent_fw-la i_o can_v give_v you_o many_o more_o example_n of_o this_o kind_n but_o i_o shall_v give_v you_o but_o two_o more_o to_o prove_v that_o this_o council_n in_o parliament_n can_v not_o be_v the_o king_n be_v ordinary_a privy_a council_n 97._o the_o first_o be_v in_o placit_fw-la parliament_n 2_o edw._n 3._o in_o a_o cause_n betwixt_o thomas_n fitz-peter_n and_o alienora_n wife_n of_o john_n de_fw-fr mowbray_n coram_fw-la rege_fw-la the_o record_n be_v long_o but_o conclude_v thus_o to_o the_o justice_n et_fw-la si_fw-la difficultas_fw-la aliqua_fw-la subfuerit_fw-la quare_fw-la praemissa_fw-la facere_fw-la non_fw-la possâ—tis_fw-la tunâ—_n placitum_fw-la illâ—â—d_fw-la usque_fw-la in_o prox._n parliamentum_fw-la nostrum_fw-la udjornetis_fw-gr ut_fw-la ibidem_fw-la â—unc_fw-la inde_fw-la fieri_fw-la valeat_fw-la quod_fw-la de_fw-la consilio_fw-la nostro_fw-la fuerit_fw-la faciendum_fw-la by_o which_o we_o may_v very_o
far_o confirm_v by_o several_a undeniable_a authority_n wherein_o by_o the_o communitas_fw-la populi_n must_v be_v understand_v not_o the_o community_n of_o the_o people_n or_o commons_o but_o the_o whole_a body_n of_o the_o less_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la but_o to_o give_v you_o a_o answer_n why_o the_o word_n populus_fw-la can_v not_o comprehend_v all_o sort_n of_o people_n among_o the_o saxon_n as_o it_o do_v among_o the_o roman_n but_o only_o the_o nobility_n who_o be_v then_o properly_z speaking_z the_o only_a freeman_n be_v this_o that_o none_o but_o the_o nobility_n possess_v any_o land_n in_o fee-simple_n all_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o mean_a sort_n of_o people_n then_o call_v cheorl_n folk_n hold_v they_o in_o villanage_n under_o their_o lord_n or_o thanes_z be_v no_o better_a than_o mere_a villain_n or_o costager_n and_o who_o be_v all_o bind_v to_o the_o good_a behaviour_n every_o ten_o family_n be_v bind_v one_o for_o another_o in_o the_o sheriff_n tear_v or_o court_n of_o franc-pledge_a under_o their_o head_n or_o ten_o man_n call_v the_o tythingman_n who_o be_v to_o answer_v for_o they_o so_o that_o the_o common_a people_n of_o england_n be_v not_o such_o a_o free_a people_n nor_o have_v any_o share_n in_o the_o government_n as_o some_o suppose_v there_o be_v i_o believe_v no_o such_o person_n as_o our_o yeoman_n or_o farrier_n in_o those_o day_n f._n though_o perhaps_o this_o law_n may_v very_o well_o be_v transcribe_v from_o some_o old_a copâ—â—_n of_o king_n aethelbert_n law_n not_o now_o extant_a and_o in_o which_o there_o may_v be_v the_o word_n thanes_z instead_o of_o baronibus_fw-la which_o be_v but_o a_o translation_n of_o it_o in_o the_o sense_n iâ—_n which_o it_o be_v use_v not_o long_o after_o the_o conquest_n nor_o be_v it_o true_a which_o you_o affirm_v that_o the_o word_n barones_n be_v never_o in_o use_n before_o the_o come_n in_o of_o the_o norman_n in_o ancient_a charter_n as_o i_o shall_v prove_v to_o you_o by_o this_o charter_n of_o king_n edgar_n to_o the_o abbey_n of_o westminster_n contain_v a_o confirmation_n of_o their_o ancient_a charter_n and_o privilege_n collect_v 〈◊〉_d the_o aforesaid_a sulcardus_n 7._o a_o monk_n of_o westminster_n as_o it_o be_v to_o be_v find_v in_o the_o cottonian_a library_n the_o charter_n itself_o be_v long_o but_o conclude_v thus_o in_o concilio_n habito_fw-la infra_fw-la basilicam_fw-la westmonast_n praesidente_fw-la 〈◊〉_d filio_fw-la svo_fw-la edwardo_n &_o archiepo_n dunstano_n &_o universis_fw-la episcopâ—â—_n &_o baronibus_fw-la suis_fw-la where_o you_o may_v see_v that_o the_o word_n be_v not_o unknown_a before_o the_o time_n of_o william_n i._o and_o i_o can_v give_v you_o more_o instance_n of_o other_o king_n charter_n where_o the_o same_o word_n be_v use_v before_o the_o conquest_n be_v it_o worth_a the_o while_n to_o trouble_v you_o with_o they_o and_o so_o likewise_o populus_fw-la for_o people_n or_o folk_n in_o the_o saxon_a yet_o take_v it_o as_o you_o suppose_v to_o have_v be_v write_v not_o long_o before_o the_o time_n hoveden_n write_v his_o history_n which_o be_v above_o 80_o year_n before_o the_o 49th_o of_o hen._n iii_o this_o author_n or_o whoever_o else_o add_v this_o passage_n to_o this_o law_n about_o tithe_n do_v then_o suppose_v that_o according_a to_o the_o custom_n then_o use_v the_o people_n have_v representative_n in_o those_o assembly_n which_o i_o shall_v prove_v from_o your_o own_o sense_n of_o these_o word_n for_o if_o the_o word_n populus_fw-la signify_v here_o another_o sort_n of_o man_n different_a from_o the_o lord_n than_o this_o word_n populus_fw-la mus_fw-la necessary_o signify_v some_o that_o be_v commons_o and_o not_o lord_n by_o your_o own_o concession_n and_o who_o also_o must_v represent_v other_o beside_o themselves_o but_o it_o be_v high_o improbable_a that_o by_o this_o word_n populus_fw-la shall_v be_v mean_v the_o communitas_fw-la angliae_fw-la or_o the_o communitas_fw-la baronum_fw-la for_o then_o since_o the_o word_n baronum_n will_v have_v include_v all_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la both_o great_a and_o small_a to_o what_o purpose_n shall_v the_o word_n populus_fw-la have_v be_v add_v at_o all_o therefore_o i_o be_o so_o far_o from_o believe_v this_o way_n of_o express_v the_o several_a estate_n of_o the_o kingdom_n to_o have_v be_v a_o monkish_a blunder_n as_o you_o suppose_v that_o â—t_a be_v rather_o a_o common_a and_o ordinary_a way_n of_o expression_n among_o the_o writer_n of_o those_o timeâ—_n as_o well_o in_o record_n as_o history_n who_o then_o very_o well_o know_v the_o people_n or_o commons_o to_o be_v a_o estate_n or_o constituent_a part_n of_o the_o common_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n quite_o different_a from_o the_o lord_n and_o in_o which_o sense_n it_o be_v recite_v in_o a_o ancient_a charter_n of_o king_n john_n that_o he_o be_v divorce_v the_o new_a queen_n be_v crown_v 33._o de_fw-fr communi_fw-la assensu_fw-la &_o concordi_fw-la voluntate_fw-la archiepiscoporum_fw-la episcoporum_fw-la comitum_fw-la baronum_fw-la cleri_fw-la &_o pâ—puli_fw-la totius_fw-la regni_fw-la where_o by_o clerus_fw-la it_o be_v plain_a must_v be_v mean_v the_o inferior_a clergy_n represent_v by_o their_o proxy_n in_o this_o great_a synod_n or_o parliament_n and_o by_o populus_fw-la be_v understand_v the_o people_n or_o commons_o likewise_o present_a by_o their_o representative_n or_o else_o the_o word_n clerus_fw-la and_o populus_fw-la have_v be_v idle_a tantology_n in_o this_o record_n and_o in_o the_o like_a sense_n it_o be_v also_o use_v by_o matt._n paris_n 223._o in_o the_o 9th_o of_o hen_n iii_o presentibus_fw-la clero_fw-la &_o populo_fw-la cum_fw-la magnatibus_fw-la regionis_fw-la where_o this_o author_n make_v a_o plain_a distinction_n between_o the_o magnate_v and_o the_o populus_fw-la which_o have_v be_v altogether_o in_o vain_a if_o the_o word_n magnates_n will_v have_v comprehend_v all_o your_o great_a or_o less_o baron_n or_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la but_o i_o shall_v in_o the_o next_o place_n proceed_v to_o that_o great_a synod_n or_o council_n that_o be_v call_v by_o king_n edward_n the_o elder_a anno_fw-la dom._n 905._o and_o be_v mention_v by_o simeon_n of_o durham_n and_o other_o author_n quote_v by_o archbishop_n parker_n the_o compiler_n of_o the_o british_a antiquity_n in_o these_o word_n plegmundus_n cantuariensis_n archiepiscopus_fw-la â—â—â—_o cum_fw-la rege_fw-la magnifico_n cognominato_fw-la edwardo_n seniore_fw-la consilium_fw-la magnum_fw-la episcoporum_fw-la abbatum_fw-la fidelium_fw-la procerum_fw-la &_o populorum_fw-la etc._n etc._n convocavit_fw-la which_o synod_n or_o council_n be_v call_v to_o divide_v the_o large_a diocese_n of_o winchester_n and_o sherbarn_n into_o five_o other_o as_o i_o have_v already_o tell_v you_o where_o you_o may_v plain_o see_v the_o word_n fidelium_fw-la &_o populorum_fw-la put_v distinct_a from_o the_o word_n proceres_fw-la if_o we_o take_v that_o word_n to_o signify_v only_o the_o great_a nobility_n i_o shall_v now_o conclude_v with_o a_o few_o word_n in_o reply_n to_o your_o answer_n why_o the_o word_n populus_fw-la can_v not_o among_o the_o saxon_n take_v in_o all_o sort_n of_o people_n as_o well_o as_o among_o the_o roman_n for_o i_o can_v take_v it_o as_o a_o satisfactory_a answer_n for_o these_o reason_n 1._o because_o though_o i_o shall_v grant_v that_o the_o vulgar_a sort_n of_o people_n be_v great_a slave_n than_o they_o be_v now_o and_o that_o they_o have_v no_o hereditary_a property_n in_o their_o estate_n but_o at_o the_o will_n of_o their_o lord_n yet_o do_v it_o therefore_o follow_v that_o all_o the_o freeman_n of_o the_o kingdom_n be_v nobleman_n or_o gentleman_n or_o else_o villain_n as_o now_o understand_v since_o nitardus_fw-la tell_v we_o in_o the_o place_n above_o mention_v that_o there_o be_v three_o sort_n of_o people_n among_o the_o saxon_n edelingi_n frilingâ—_n &_o lazzi_n i_o e._n gentleman_n or_o nobleman_n freeman_n and_o slave_n or_o villain_n and_o this_o middle_a sort_n of_o man_n may_v also_o possess_v land_n in_o allodio_n or_o free-tenure_n though_o they_o do_v also_o depend_v upon_o other_o great_a man_n for_o protection_n and_o seem_v to_o be_v those_o who_o be_v after_o the_o conquest_n call_v in_o doomsday_n book_n 56._o commendate_n i._n e._n such_o who_o though_o they_o live_v under_o the_o protection_n and_o within_o the_o district_n of_o some_o great_a man_n lord_n or_o patron_n yet_o as_o sir_n hen._n spelman_n tell_v we_o be_v free_a both_o as_o to_o their_o person_n and_o estate_n not_o as_o swear_v to_o or_o hold_v of_o any_o but_o the_o king_n and_o beside_o these_o there_o be_v also_o great_a body_n of_o man_n in_o city_n and_o burgh_n town_n and_o those_o very_a considerable_a for_o estate_n and_o other_o riches_n who_o though_o not_o noble_o bear_v and_o yet_o be_v freeman_n it_o be_v but_o reasonable_a that_o they_o shall_v have_v their_o representative_n in_o parliament_n as_o well_o as_o the_o former_a m._n i_o shall_v not_o at_o present_a
must_v needs_o signify_v tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la and_o no_o other_o but_o that_o it_o do_v not_o signify_v only_o so_o after_o that_o time_n i_o shall_v join_v issue_n with_o you_o by_o and_o by_o i_o shall_v now_o proceed_v to_o my_o next_o authority_n which_o be_v from_o ailrid_a abbot_n of_o rievallis_n 372._o who_o live_v not_o long_o after_o the_o conquest_n who_o in_o his_o life_n of_o edward_n the_o confessor_n relate_v the_o manner_n of_o that_o king_n election_n in_o his_o mother_n womb_n tell_v we_o how_o ethelred_n his_o father_n call_v a_o great_a council_n about_o appoint_v a_o successor_n that_o hereupon_o say_v thus_o fit_a magnus_n coram_fw-la rege_fw-la episcoporum_fw-la procerumque_fw-la conventus_fw-la magnus_fw-la plebis_fw-la pâ—lgique_a consensus_fw-la where_o you_o see_v apparent_o that_o the_o abbot_n make_v a_o distinction_n between_o the_o assembly_n of_o the_o bishop_n and_o great_a lord_n and_o that_o of_o the_o plebs_fw-la vulgus_fw-la or_o common_a people_n m._n pray_v give_v i_o leave_v to_o interrupt_v you_o a_o little_a before_o you_o proceed_v to_o any_o fresh_a authority_n i_o grant_v it_o be_v true_a that_o the_o abbot_n in_o the_o place_n you_o mention_n tell_v such_o a_o idle_a tale_n that_o this_o edward_n be_v choose_v king_n whilst_o in_o his_o mother_n womb_n and_o so_o his_o father_n make_v the_o nobility_n swear_v fealty_n to_o he_o before_o he_o be_v bear_v he_o be_v the_o only_a author_n of_o this_o legend_n that_o i_o know_v of_o and_o sure_o you_o yourself_o must_v own_v that_o it_o be_v a_o little_a too_o gross_a to_o be_v believe_v and_o therefore_o i_o wonder_v that_o you_o shall_v urge_v that_o to_o i_o for_o a_o sufficient_a authority_n for_o the_o people_n or_o commons_o have_v any_o place_n in_o the_o great_a council_n in_o those_o time_n f._n pray_v sir_n observe_v to_o what_o purpose_n i_o make_v use_n of_o this_o authority_n it_o be_v not_o to_o make_v good_a the_o election_n of_o edward_n the_o confessor_n in_o his_o mother_n womb_n but_o only_o to_o prove_v who_o be_v then_o suppose_v when_o this_o abbot_n write_v to_o make_v up_o the_o constituent_a part_n of_o the_o wittena-gemot_a or_o parliament_n in_o the_o saxon_a time_n which_o be_v then_o believe_v by_o all_o man_n to_o consist_v of_o the_o clergy_n high_a nobility_n and_o comâ—â—â—_n unless_o you_o can_v suppose_v that_o the_o abbot_n shall_v mention_v the_o commons_o by_o prophecy_n and_o grant_v that_o it_o be_v only_o according_a to_o the_o custom_n of_o his_o own_o time_n which_o the_o author_n of_o the_o preface_n to_o the_o decem_fw-la scriptores_fw-la make_v to_o be_v about_o the_o middle_n of_o king_n henry_n ii_o reign_n it_o will_v sufficient_o prove_v the_o antiquity_n of_o the_o commons_o in_o parliament_n to_o be_v near_o a_o hundred_o year_n old_a than_o the_o early_a time_n you_o assign_v for_o it_o viz_o the_o 49th_o of_o hen._n iii_o but_o i_o shall_v now_o conclude_v with_o the_o conclusion_n to_o king_n edward_n the_o confessor_n three_o charter_n to_o the_o abbey_n of_o westminster_n in_o a_o great_a council_n hold_v in_o the_o last_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n 625._o as_o you_o will_v find_v it_o thus_o recite_v in_o sir_n h._n spelman_n council_n in_o these_o word_n hanc_fw-la igitur_fw-la chartâ—â—_n meae_fw-la donationis_fw-la &_o libertatis_fw-la in_o die_v dedicationis_fw-la praedictae_fw-la ecclae_n recitari_fw-la jussi_fw-la coram_fw-la episcopis_fw-la abbatibus_fw-la comitibus_fw-la &_o omnibus_fw-la optimatibus_fw-la angliae_fw-la omnique_fw-la populo_fw-la audiente_fw-la &_o vidente_fw-la where_o by_o the_o optimates_fw-la angliae_fw-la i_o think_v can_v be_v understand_v no_o other_o than_o the_o thanes_z or_o freeholder_n of_o all_o sort_n as_o well_o the_o king_n as_o other_o as_o also_o the_o deputy_n of_o great_a city_n and_o burrough_n the_o word_n being_n optimates_fw-la angliae_fw-la non_fw-la regis_fw-la and_o though_o it_o be_v not_o likely_a that_o the_o 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sâ—lâ—â—niquâ—_n in_o it_o a_o deliberatione_n in_o comiciis_fw-la illis_fw-la responderunt_fw-la unanimes_fw-la irritam_fw-la plane_n fuissi_fw-la 〈◊〉_d donationem_fw-la illam_fw-la ut_fw-la pote_fw-la tam_fw-la sine_fw-la ordinum_fw-la assensu_fw-la quam_fw-la juran_n ento_z inaâ—guâ—aâ—i_fw-mi adversâ—n_n but_o of_o this_o great_a authority_n i_o shall_v speak_v more_o hereafter_o when_o i_o come_v to_o it_o in_o order_n of_o time_n since_o therefore_o it_o be_v apparent_a that_o the_o commons_o have_v a_o share_n in_o the_o great_a council_n before_o the_o conquest_n as_o you_o call_v it_o i_o desire_v that_o you_o will_v be_v please_v to_o show_v i_o how_o they_o come_v to_o lose_v it_o after_o the_o come_n in_o of_o the_o norman_n and_o to_o be_v so_o long_o without_o it_o as_o until_o the_o 49th_o of_o henry_n iii_o or_o 18_o of_o edward_n i._o if_o your_o author_n be_v to_o be_v credit_v m._n i_o must_v confess_v the_o authority_n you_o have_v bring_v out_o of_o the_o saxon_a 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period_n after_o the_o conquest_n wherein_o i_o doubt_v not_o
errant_a slave_n and_o vassal_n notwithstanding_o their_o tenure_n in_o capite_fw-la as_o the_o mean_a person_n of_o the_o kingdom_n who_o be_v tax_v as_o you_o will_v have_v it_o at_o the_o will_n of_o his_o superior_a lord_n which_o whether_o so_o great_a and_o powerful_a a_o body_n of_o man_n will_v ever_o have_v suffer_v i_o leave_v to_o any_o indifferent_a person_n to_o judge_v m._n i_o grant_v this_o may_v now_o appear_v somewhat_o hard_o yet_o since_o it_o be_v the_o receive_a law_n and_o custom_n of_o the_o kingdom_n it_o be_v not_o then_o look_v upon_o as_o a_o grievance_n and_o it_o be_v then_o no_o more_o unjust_a than_o it_o be_v now_o that_o person_n under_o forty_o shilling_n a_o year_n though_o of_o never_o so_o good_a estate_n in_o money_n or_o stock_n or_o that_o tenant_n for_o year_n or_o for_o the_o life_n of_o another_o shall_v at_o this_o day_n have_v no_o vote_n at_o the_o election_n of_o knight_n of_o shire_n and_o consequent_o be_v without_o any_o representative_n in_o parliament_n of_o their_o own_o choice_n and_o yet_o be_v subject_a to_o all_o law_n and_o tax_n though_o never_o so_o great_a when_o make_v and_o impose_v by_o the_o king_n in_o parliament_n and_o i_o be_o able_a to_o give_v you_o divers_a good_a authority_n to_o prove_v that_o even_o london_n itself_o and_o all_o other_o city_n and_o town_n which_o hold_v of_o the_o king_n in_o capite_fw-la and_o be_v call_v his_o demesne_n be_v often_o tax_v by_o the_o king_n and_o his_o council_n out_o of_o parliament_n before_o the_o statute_n de_fw-fr tallagio_n non_fw-la concedendo_fw-la and_o i_o think_v dr._n b._n have_v prove_v this_o beyond_o exception_n in_o his_o animadversion_n upon_o mr._n a_n jani_fw-la anglorum_fw-la facies_fw-la noâ—e_fw-la and_o he_o there_o give_v we_o the_o record_n itself_o of_o 39_o hen._n iii_o now_o in_o the_o keep_n of_o the_o king_n remembrancer_n of_o the_o exchequer_n that_o the_o king_n do_v that_o year_n as_o he_o have_v divers_a 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the_o statute_n de_fw-fr tallagio_n non_fw-la concedendo_fw-la above_o mention_v but_o to_o return_v to_o the_o matter_n from_o which_o you_o force_v i_o to_o digress_v i_o think_v nothing_o be_v more_o plain_a than_o that_o our_o ancient_a parliament_n be_v only_o the_o king_n court_n baron_n for_o the_o dispatch_n of_o the_o public_a affair_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o in_o which_o as_o in_o the_o lesser_a court_n baroa_n or_o court_n of_o manor_n the_o suitor_n or_o tenant_n be_v together_o with_o the_o lord_n or_o his_o steward_n the_o sole_a judge_n so_o that_o at_o first_o after_o the_o conquest_n it_o belong_v to_o the_o king_n alone_o as_o the_o supreme_a lord_n of_o the_o kingdom_n to_o appoint_v or_o call_v which_o or_o what_o sort_n of_o those_o tenant_n be_v please_v to_o attend_v he_o with_o their_o aid_n and_o advice_n at_o his_o common_a council_n or_o parliament_n and_o i_o think_v nothing_o be_v more_o evident_a as_o i_o shall_v prove_v more_o at_o large_a from_o our_o 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shall_v show_v you_o your_o mistake_v about_o the_o king_n tax_v anon_o but_o the_o main_a force_n of_o your_o argument_n lie_v in_o the_o signification_n of_o those_o latin_a word_n you_o have_v last_o mention_v and_o which_o i_o must_v needs_o tell_v you_o i_o think_v you_o take_v in_o too_o strict_a a_o sense_n 108._o for_o first_o as_o to_o the_o word_n baro_n i_o grant_v it_o be_v not_o much_o in_o use_n before_o william_n i._o obtain_v the_o english_a diadem_n baro_n say_v camden_n britanni_n pro_fw-la svo_fw-la non_fw-la agnoscum_fw-la in_o anglosaxonicis_a legibus_fw-la nusquam_fw-la comparet_fw-la 121._o nec_fw-la in_o aâ—frici_fw-la glossario_fw-la saxonico_n inter_fw-la dignitatum_fw-la vocabula_fw-la habetur_fw-la for_o the_o english_a saxon_n call_v those_o in_o their_o own_o language_n aealderman_n which_o in_o latin_a be_v name_v comites_fw-la and_o by_o the_o dane_n earl_n but_o it_o be_v of_o so_o extensive_a a_o import_n in_o its_o signification_n that_o we_o read_v of_o aldermani_fw-la regis_fw-la aldermani_fw-la comitatus_fw-la etc._n etc._n as_o i_o have_v already_o show_v you_o alderman_n so_o that_o according_a to_o the_o strict_a sense_n of_o this_o word_n we_o have_v whole_a regiment_n of_o earl_n who_o title_n seldom_o if_o at_o all_o descend_v hereditary_a till_o the_o confessor_n time_n and_o after_o william_n i._o the_o saxon_a word_n aealderman_n and_o thegnes_fw-la begin_v to_o be_v change_v and_o in_o the_o room_n of_o aldermanni_n &_o thani_n we_o find_v comites_fw-la &_o barones_n as_o in_o all_o our_o ancient_a law_n and_o history_n nor_o be_v the_o word_n barones_n only_o take_v in_o those_o day_n for_o great_a baron_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la but_o also_o for_o the_o inferior_a baron_n or_o free_a tenant_n which_o hold_v great_a estate_n of_o other_o mesne_n lord_n as_o well_o as_o of_o the_o king_n by_o certain_a service_n and_o to_o who_o the_o great_a lord_n or_o earl_n as_o sir_n h._n spelman_n show_v we_o in_o his_o glossary_n title_n baro_n often_o direct_v their_o charter_n 70._o barombus_fw-la &_o fidelibus_fw-la nostris_fw-la tam_fw-la francis_n quam_fw-la anglis_fw-la and_o we_o there_o also_o read_v some_o quotation_n from_o the_o old_a book_n of_o ramsey_n abby_n wherein_o the_o baron_n of_o the_o church_n of_o ramsey_n as_o also_o the_o milites_fw-la and_o liberi_fw-la homines_fw-la thereof_o be_v particular_o mention_v all_o which_o as_o this_o learned_a author_n tell_v we_o non_fw-la de_fw-la magnatibus_fw-la sunt_fw-la intelligenda_fw-la sid_n de_fw-fr vassallis_n feodalibus_fw-la note_n scil_n melioris_fw-la and_o the_o same_o author_n say_v a_o little_a low_o that_o baron_n be_v often_o take_v pro_fw-la liberè_fw-la tenentibus_fw-la in_o genere_fw-la hoc_fw-la est_fw-la tam_fw-la in_o soccagio_fw-it quam_fw-la per_fw-la servitium_fw-la militare_fw-la m._n what_o then_o do_v you_o suppose_v that_o all_o the_o freeholder_n in_o england_n by_o whatsoever_o tenure_n they_o hold_v appear_v in_o person_n in_o parliament_n before_o the_o time_n sir_n h._n spelman_n in_o his_o glossary_n tit._n and_o dr._n b._n assign_v for_o the_o summon_n of_o the_o commons_o to_o parliament_n at_o this_o rate_n every_o yeoman_n or_o petty_a freeholder_n be_v a_o baron_n so_o that_o this_o assembly_n may_v then_o consist_v of_o above_o 50_o or_o 60_o thousand_o person_n since_o spot_n in_o his_o chronicle_n tell_v we_o that_o william_n the_o conqueror_n reserve_v to_o himself_o the_o service_n of_o about_o 60000_o knight_n fee_n which_o by_o the_o time_n i_o suppose_v may_v have_v be_v divide_v into_o many_o more_o lesser_a one_o 19_o by_o co-heirship_a or_o by_o sale_n and_o otherwise_o parcel_v out_o by_o the_o king_n licence_n into_o half-knighs-fee_n three_o part_n of_o fee_n four_o part_n of_o fee_n eight_o part_n sixteen_o twenty_o thirty_o and_o forty_o part_n of_o fee_n and_o so_o have_v be_v increase_v into_o as_o many_o more_o and_o these_o beside_o the_o tenant_n in_o
hold_v whole_o by_o socage_n tenure_n whereas_o it_o appear_v plain_o by_o littleton_n that_o tenant_n in_o petyt_n serjeanty_n be_v subject_a to_o wardship_n marriage_n and_o relief_n so_o that_o whoever_o will_v but_o consider_v that_o near_o half_a the_o land_n in_o england_n be_v hold_v by_o bishop_n abbot_n prior_n etc._n etc._n and_o of_o who_o not_o a_o three_o part_n hold_v by_o knight_n service_n of_o the_o crown_n and_o will_v then_o likewise_o consider_v what_o a_o vast_a number_n of_o tenant_n those_o abbot_n prior_n dean_n and_o chapter_n who_o be_v not_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la at_o all_o must_v have_v have_v and_o who_o either_o hold_v estate_n in_o fee_n or_o else_o for_o life_n under_o they_o in_o socage_n as_o well_o as_o by_o knight_n service_n as_o also_o all_o the_o other_o sort_n of_o tenor_n i_o have_v already_o mention_v which_o either_o hold_v of_o the_o king_n as_o of_o some_o honour_n or_o castle_n or_o else_o of_o other_o mesne_n lord_n by_o other_o tenor_n than_o knight_n service_n must_v certain_o conclude_v that_o not_o above_o one_o half_a of_o the_o land_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n be_v hold_v either_o immediate_o of_o the_o king_n or_o else_o of_o other_o mesne_n lord_n by_o that_o tenure_n so_o that_o if_o all_o these_o person_n which_o be_v far_o the_o great_a number_n of_o the_o freeholders_n in_o england_n shall_v have_v be_v thus_o exclude_v from_o have_v any_o thing_n to_o do_v in_o our_o great_a council_n i_o doubt_v not_o but_o we_o shall_v have_v find_v sufficient_a clamour_n in_o our_o history_n against_o so_o unjust_a a_o constitution_n and_o when_o the_o whole_a body_n of_o the_o kingdom_n be_v in_o arm_n against_o king_n john_n at_o running-mead_n they_o will_v likewise_o have_v insert_v a_o clause_n for_o themselves_o if_o they_o have_v not_o have_v their_o suffrage_n there_o before_o either_o by_o themselves_o in_o their_o own_o person_n or_o by_o their_o lawful_a representative_n and_o therefore_o upon_o the_o whole_a matter_n i_o dare_v leave_v it_o to_o the_o consideration_n of_o any_o unprejudiced_a man_n whether_o it_o be_v not_o much_o more_o probable_a that_o the_o constitution_n of_o knight_n of_o shire_n citizen_n and_o burgess_n appear_v in_o parliament_n shall_v be_v much_o more_o ancient_a than_o the_o time_n you_o assign_v than_o that_o so_o small_a a_o body_n of_o man_n as_o the_o bishop_n lord_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la shall_v represent_v all_o the_o freeholder_n and_o people_n of_o england_n who_o never_o hold_v of_o they_o by_o knight_n service_n at_o all_o nor_o have_v you_o yet_o answer_v the_o quotation_n i_o have_v bring_v out_o of_o bracton_n in_o my_o last_o discourse_n to_o the_o contrary_n and_o whoever_o will_v but_o consult_v that_o author_n in_o his_o chapter_n of_o tenor_n will_v find_v that_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la be_v so_o far_o from_o have_v a_o power_n of_o charge_v all_o the_o mesne_n tenant_n at_o their_o pleasure_n that_o in_o his_o chapter_n de_fw-fr tenuris_n it_o appear_v that_o a_o mesne_n tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la have_v purchase_v a_o estate_n for_o a_o valuable_a consideration_n be_v liable_a to_o no_o other_o service_n and_o condition_n than_o what_o his_o tenure_n express_v which_o once_o perform_v the_o lord_n have_v no_o more_o to_o say_v to_o he_o and_o if_o so_o be_v he_o lay_v any_o further_a burden_n upon_o he_o he_o may_v have_v have_v a_o writ_n of_o acquital_n out_o of_o the_o king_n court_n against_o he_o direct_v to_o the_o sheriff_n several_a form_n of_o which_o you_o may_v see_v in_o glanville_n and_o in_o the_o old_a register_n m._n we_o be_v not_o to_o rest_v upon_o mere_a probability_n for_o some_o thing_n that_o now_o appear_v to_o we_o unreasonable_a at_o this_o instant_n of_o time_n may_v then_o be_v very_o just_a for_o if_o the_o feudatary_a tenant_n of_o the_o bishop_n baron_n and_o other_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la be_v well_o enough_o content_v with_o the_o constitution_n of_o the_o kingdom_n as_o it_o then_o be_v and_o that_o it_o plain_o appear_v by_o matter_n of_o fact_n that_o there_o be_v but_o one_o common_a council_n for_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n and_o that_o of_o the_o bishop_n abbot_n great_a lord_n and_o less_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la only_o it_o be_v in_o vain_a to_o argue_v of_o any_o unreasonableness_n in_o or_o inconvenience_n that_o may_v arise_v from_o such_o a_o constitution_n though_o perhaps_o a_o great_a part_n of_o the_o kingdom_n do_v not_o hold_v in_o capite_fw-la nor_o yet_o by_o knight_n service_n and_o therefore_o though_o the_o feudatary_a tenant_n of_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la be_v upon_o the_o performance_n of_o their_o service_n acquit_v of_o all_o other_o charge_n yet_o this_o be_v still_o to_o be_v understand_v only_o of_o such_o ordinary_a service_n as_o those_o tenant_n be_v to_o perform_v by_o virtue_n of_o their_o tenor_n such_o as_o be_v scutage_n service_n or_o the_o attend_v upon_o their_o lord_n when_o they_o go_v out_o to_o war_n along_o with_o the_o king_n but_o do_v not_o extend_v to_o such_o scutage_n as_o be_v grant_v in_o parliament_n or_o as_o a_o tax_n upon_o land_n by_o the_o common_a consent_n of_o the_o nation_n for_o then_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la be_v not_o only_o the_o grantor_n but_o the_o collector_n too_o of_o such_o scutage_n tax_n from_o their_o military_a tenant_n and_o the_o writ_n to_o the_o sheriff_n be_v different_a from_o those_o for_o scutage_n service_n and_o for_o proof_n of_o this_o i_o desire_v you_o will_v peruâ—e_v that_o writ_n which_o the_o dr._n quote_v of_o the_o 19_o of_o hen._n iii_o which_o be_v still_o to_o be_v see_v in_o the_o close_a roll_n of_o that_o year_n dorso_fw-la rex_fw-la vice_n comiti_fw-la sussex_n salutem_fw-la scias_n quod_fw-la archiepiscopi_fw-la episcopi_fw-la abbates_n priâ—reâ—_n comites_fw-la barones_n &_o omnes_fw-la alii_fw-la de_fw-la regno_fw-la nostro_fw-la angliae_fw-la qui_fw-la de_fw-la nobis_fw-la tenent_fw-la in_o capite_fw-la spontanea_fw-la voluâ—â—â—te_fw-la suâ—_n &_o sine_fw-la conâ—uetudine_fw-la concesserunt_fw-la nobis_fw-la efficax_n auxilium_fw-la ad_fw-la magna_fw-la negotia_fw-la nostra_fw-la expedienda_fw-la unde_fw-la provisum_fw-la 〈◊〉_d de_fw-la consilâ—o_fw-la illorum_fw-la quod_fw-la habeamus_fw-la de_fw-la feodis_fw-la militum_fw-la &_o wardis_n quae_fw-la de_fw-la nobis_fw-la tenent_n in_fw-la gapite_fw-la duâ—s_fw-la marcas_fw-la ad_fw-la predictum_fw-la auxilium_fw-la faciendum_fw-la &_o unde_fw-la proviâ—erint_fw-la reddere_fw-la nobis_fw-la unam_fw-la medietatem_fw-la ante_fw-la festum_fw-la sancti_fw-la micâ—aelis_fw-la anno_fw-la regni_fw-la 19_o &_o aliam_fw-la medictatem_fw-la ad_fw-la pasche_fw-la anno_fw-la regni_fw-la â—osirâ—_n 20._o ideo_fw-la tibi_fw-la precipimus_fw-la quod_fw-la capite_fw-la ad_fw-la mandatum_fw-la venerabilis_fw-la patris_fw-la r._n cicestren_a episcopi_fw-la cancellarii_n nostri_fw-la sine_fw-la dilatione_fw-la distringas_fw-la omnes_fw-la milites_fw-la &_o liberos_fw-la tenentes_fw-la qui_fw-la de_fw-la eo_fw-la tenent_n per_fw-la servitium_n militare_fw-la in_o balliva_fw-la tua_fw-la ad_fw-la redlendum_fw-la ei_fw-la de_fw-la singulis_fw-la feotis_fw-la militum_fw-la &_o wardis_n dvas_fw-la marcas_fw-la ad_fw-la predictum_fw-la auxilium_fw-la nobis_fw-la per_fw-la manum_fw-la svam_fw-la reddendum_fw-la in_o terminis_fw-la predictis_fw-la sic_fw-la scribitur_fw-la pro_fw-la aliis_fw-la episcopis_fw-la abbatibus_fw-la prioribus_fw-la &_o magnatibus_fw-la now_o i_o desire_v you_o to_o tell_v i_o whether_o any_o thing_n can_v be_v more_o plain_a than_o that_o this_o tax_n be_v grant_v by_o a_o common_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n according_a to_o that_o clause_n of_o king_n john_n charter_n i_o have_v now_o cite_v wherein_o it_o be_v first_o especial_o provide_v that_o no_o aid_n or_o scutage_n shall_v be_v impose_v upon_o the_o kingdom_n unless_o by_o the_o common_a council_n thereof_o and_o yet_o you_o see_v by_o this_o writ_n that_o the_o archbishop_n etc._n etc._n with_o the_o baron_n there_o mention_v together_o with_o the_o other_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la alone_o grant_v a_o aid_n or_o scutage_n tax_v of_o two_o mark_n for_o every_o knight_n fee_n which_o they_o hold_v of_o the_o king_n and_o that_o by_o virtue_n thereof_o not_o only_o those_o knight_n fee_n they_o hold_v in_o their_o hand_n but_o also_o all_o those_o subseudatary_a tenant_n call_v here_o freeholder_n who_o hold_v of_o they_o by_o knight_n service_n be_v likewise_o charge_v for_o every_o knight_n fee_n so_o hold_v the_o like_a sum_n of_o two_o mark_n now_o i_o think_v nothing_o can_v be_v more_o plain_a from_o this_o record_n than_o that_o this_o be_v a_o common_a council_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n and_o yet_o consist_v of_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la only_o and_o therefore_o i_o desire_v you_o to_o show_v i_o some_o better_a proof_n than_o you_o yet_o have_v do_v that_o these_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la ever_o make_v a_o distinct_a council_n different_a from_o the_o common_a council_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n f._n i_o grant_v this_o seem_v at_o first_o sight_n to_o be_v a_o good_a authority_n for_o
cum_fw-la de_fw-la negoâ—iis_fw-la supra_fw-la dictis_fw-la &_o maxim_n the_o prosecutione_n negotii_fw-la siciliâ—e_fw-la diligenter_fw-la cum_fw-la iisdem_fw-la tractaremus_fw-la ac_fw-la ipsi_fw-la nobis_fw-la responderum_fw-la quod_fw-la si_fw-la statum_fw-la regni_fw-la nostri_fw-la per_fw-la concilium_fw-la fidelium_fw-la nostrorum_fw-la ratificandum_fw-la duxerimus_fw-la &_o dominus_fw-la papa_n conditiones_n cirea_fw-la factum_fw-la siciliae_fw-la appositas_fw-la melioraverit_fw-la per_fw-la quod_fw-la nigeâ—ium_fw-la illud_fw-la prosequi_fw-la possâ—mus_fw-la cum_fw-la effectu_fw-la ipsi_fw-la diligentiam_fw-la fideliter_fw-la apponent_fw-la erga_fw-la communitatem_fw-la regni_fw-la nostri_fw-la quod_fw-la nobis_fw-la commune_fw-la auxilium_fw-la ad_fw-la hoc_fw-la praestetur_fw-la etc._n etc._n the_o rest_n i_o shall_v not_o trouble_v you_o with_o because_o it_o be_v not_o to_o our_o present_a purpose_n but_o you_o may_v here_o see_v that_o take_v the_o word_n proceres_fw-la and_o fideles_fw-la in_o your_o own_o sense_n the_o former_a for_o the_o bishop_n and_o lord_n etc._n etc._n and_o the_o latter_a for_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la who_o be_v call_v to_o consult_v about_o the_o business_n of_o sicily_n which_o kingdom_n the_o king_n have_v before_o too_o rash_o accept_v of_o from_o the_o pope_n yet_o though_o they_o be_v all_o meet_v they_o can_v do_v nothing_o but_o give_v he_o advice_n and_o can_v give_v he_o no_o commune_fw-la auxilium_fw-la i._n e._n common_a aid_n or_o subsidy_n without_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o commonalty_n of_o the_o kingdom_n now_o what_o can_v this_o community_n signify_v but_o the_o commons_o for_o your_o lord_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la be_v all_o meet_v already_o and_o if_o they_o alone_o make_v up_o the_o common_a university_n or_o body_n of_o the_o kingdom_n as_o you_o suppose_v why_o can_v they_o not_o have_v immediate_o grant_v the_o king_n the_o assistance_n he_o desire_v if_o they_o have_v a_o sufficient_a power_n so_o to_o do_v without_o put_v he_o off_o with_o a_o promise_n that_o they_o will_v use_v their_o endeavour_n with_o the_o community_n of_o the_o kingdom_n as_o a_o distinct_a order_n or_o body_n of_o man_n that_o this_o aid_n or_o subsidy_n shall_v be_v give_v he_o and_o upon_o this_o condition_n it_o be_v that_o at_o the_o end_n of_o this_o record_n the_o king_n promise_v they_o that_o before_o christmas_n he_o will_v mend_v the_o state_n of_o the_o kingdom_n per_fw-la consilium_fw-la proborum_fw-la &_o fidelium_fw-la hominum_fw-la nostrorum_fw-la which_o can_v mean_v nothing_o less_o than_o a_o parliament_n which_o the_o next_o record_n in_o the_o same_o roll_n recite_v be_v to_o meet_v at_o oxford_n after_o the_o feast_n of_o penâ—icost_n which_o record_v since_o it_o not_o only_o recite_v the_o king_n oath_n whereby_o he_o have_v bind_v himself_o to_o observe_v the_o direction_n of_o a_o committee_n of_o 24â—_n fideles_fw-la i_o e._n faithful_a or_o loyal_a man_n 12_o of_o which_o be_v to_o be_v choose_v out_o of_o the_o king_n council_n and_o the_o other_o 12._o by_o the_o procoreâ—_n or_o magnates_fw-la regni_fw-la which_o as_o i_o have_v already_o prove_v may_v take_v in_o the_o commons_o as_o well_o as_o the_o lord_n but_o whether_o by_o these_o wordâ—_n be_v mean_v the_o lord_n or_o commons_o the_o conclusion_n of_o this_o record_n sufficient_o confirm_v my_o argument_n from_o the_o precedent_a record_n that_o the_o lord_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la can_v not_o then_o tax_v the_o whole_a kingdom_n at_o their_o pleasure_n without_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o commons_o or_o else_o to_o what_o purpose_n be_v these_o word_n in_o the_o conclusion_n of_o this_o last_o record_n promiserunâ—_n etiam_fw-la nobis_fw-la comites_fw-la &_o barones_n memoraâ—i_n quod_fw-la expleris_fw-la negotiis_fw-la superius_fw-la tactic_a bonâ—_n fide_fw-la laboraâ—unt_fw-la ad_fw-la hoc_fw-la quod_fw-la auxilium_fw-la nobis_fw-la communâ—_n praestâ—â—ur_fw-la à _fw-la communitate_fw-la regni_fw-la nostri_fw-la in_o cujus_fw-la rei_fw-la etc._n etc._n that_o 2._o die_v maeii_fw-la and_o it_o appear_v by_o the_o date_n as_o also_o by_o the_o entry_n on_o the_o roll_n that_o both_o these_o record_n be_v perfect_v at_o once_o and_o concern_v the_o same_o business_n and_o further_o to_o prove_v that_o the_o party_n appoint_v in_o the_o record_n to_o be_v choose_v ex_fw-la partâ—_n procerum_fw-la 6._o be_v not_o choose_v by_o the_o great_a lord_n or_o peer_n only_o may_v be_v see_v from_o a_o patent_n roll_v of_o the_o same_o 42._o hen._n iii_o whereby_o henry_n de_fw-fr wengham_n dean_n of_o st._n martin_n le_fw-fr grand_fw-fr and_o then_o keeper_n of_o the_o great_a seal_n and_o john_n manseâ—_n provost_n of_o beverlay_v be_v two_o of_o the_o say_a commissioner_n though_o they_o be_v neither_o baron_n nor_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la as_o i_o know_v of_o hue_n only_o eminent_a lawyer_n 391._o and_o man_n of_o great_a ability_n and_o so_o mere_a commoner_n yet_o mat._n westminster_n call_v these_o man_n proceres_fw-la as_o you_o may_v see_v by_o this_o passage_n speak_v of_o this_o whole_a committee_n videntes_fw-la ergo_fw-la proceres_fw-la antedicti_fw-la viginti_fw-la quatuor_fw-la ad_fw-la regis_fw-la &_o regni_fw-la regimen_fw-la 〈◊〉_d electi_fw-la etc._n etc._n i_o shall_v only_o now_o conclude_v with_o a_o french_a record_n 199._o which_o the_o dr._n himself_o have_v also_o give_v we_o at_o large_a and_o which_o refer_v to_o the_o say_a committee_n of_o 24._o above_o mention_v it_o begin_v thus_o henry_n par_fw-fr la_fw-fr grace_n de_fw-fr dieu_fw-fr roy_fw-fr d'_fw-fr engleterre_fw-fr etc._n etc._n a_o touz_v ceus_fw-la etc._n etc._n sachiez_fw-fr ce_fw-fr pour_fw-fr le_fw-fr profit_n de_fw-fr nostre_fw-fr reâ—ume_fw-fr é_fw-fr a_fw-fr la_fw-fr request_n de_fw-fr nos_fw-la â—auz_fw-fr homes_n é_fw-fr prodes_fw-la homes_n é_fw-fr du_fw-fr commun_n de_fw-fr nostre_fw-fr râ—aume_n otreyames_n es_fw-la vinc_fw-la quatre_fw-fr homes_n eusâ—ent_a pâ—â—r_n perqâ—_n tous_fw-fr ce_fw-fr quill_n ordencirent_fw-la del_fw-it estate_n de_fw-fr nostre_fw-fr reaume_n fust_v serm_n é_fw-fr stable_a the_o rest_n be_v very_o long_o you_o may_v read_v at_o your_o leisure_n only_o i_o shall_v take_v notice_n of_o the_o date_n of_o this_o letter_n to_o which_o the_o king_n also_o put_v to_o his_o seal_n the_o conclusion_n be_v thus_o coste_n choose_v feu_fw-fr feite_v a_o lundre_v landemaigne_a prochein_o apros_fw-la la_fw-fr gaul_n bauâ—â—l'an_fw-fr de_fw-fr nostre_fw-fr corronement_n quarente_n secundo_fw-la ibid._n and_o though_o the_o dr._n caâ—_n make_v nothing_o of_o the_o word_n gaul_n baut_n this_o happen_v i_o suppose_v either_o from_o the_o bad_a write_n of_o the_o record_n or_o from_o the_o ignorance_n or_o mistake_n of_o the_o transcriber_n for_o it_o shall_v be_v gaeule_fw-fr d'_fw-fr aut_fw-la augusti_fw-la that_o be_v the_o gula_fw-la of_o august_n which_o be_v a_o great_a holy_a day_n in_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n upon_o the_o first_o of_o august_n call_v also_o st._n petri_n ad_fw-la vincula_fw-la in_o the_o memory_n of_o st._n peter_n chain_n cure_v of_o a_o roman_a virgin_n by_o her_o kiss_v they_o i_o shall_v only_o observe_v from_o this_o record_n that_o the_o hauz_fw-fr or_o prodes_fw-la homes_n mention_v in_o this_o record_n be_v take_v in_o the_o drâ—_n own_o sense_n for_o high_a and_o wise_a man_n that_o be_v the_o earl_n and_o baron_n yet_o the_o word_n è_fw-fr du_fw-fr commune_fw-la that_o immediate_o follow_v they_o must_v needs_o signify_v some_o body_n of_o man_n different_z from_o the_o former_a or_o else_o it_o have_v be_v a_o notorious_a piece_n of_o nonsense_n since_o if_o the_o former_a word_n have_v take_v in_o all_o the_o lord_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la that_o be_v in_o your_o sense_n the_o whole_a community_n of_o the_o kingdom_n to_o what_o purpose_n be_v these_o word_n è_fw-mi du_fw-fr commune_fw-la that_o be_v immediate_o subjoin_v since_o the_o hauz_fw-fr &_o prodes_fw-la homes_n will_v have_v serve_v to_o express_v all_o the_o lord_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la whether_o take_v as_o great_a or_o as_o wise_a men._n m._n i_o confess_v what_o you_o have_v now_o say_v will_v carry_v some_o weight_n with_o it_o be_v i_o not_o very_o well_o satisfy_v that_o you_o impose_v upon_o yourself_o by_o take_v as_o i_o tell_v you_o at_o our_o last_o meeting_n these_o word_n communitas_fw-la le_fw-fr commune_fw-la &_o communalti_fw-la in_o a_o wrong_a sense_n for_o the_o commons_o as_o they_o be_v now_o when_o indeed_o these_o word_n before_o the_o 49th_o of_o hen._n iii_o nay_o the_o 18_o of_o edw._n i._o as_o the_o learned_a dr._n show_v we_o in_o his_o 2d_o edition_n against_o mr._n p._n be_v always_o to_o be_v understand_v either_o of_o the_o whole_a representative_a body_n of_o the_o kingdom_n in_o general_a consist_v of_o the_o bishop_n abbot_n earl_n and_o baron_n together_o with_o all_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la call_v by_o mat._n paris_n and_o other_o historian_n communitas_fw-la baronagii_fw-la or_o else_o for_o the_o community_n of_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la alone_o style_v communitas_fw-la regni_fw-la in_o our_o ancient_a record_n and_o this_o i_o think_v i_o can_v prove_v to_o
a_o few_o and_o for_o the_o great_a part_n but_o one_o in_o each_o year_n never_o but_o two_o in_o any_o year_n in_o all_o this_o long_a reign_n unless_o it_o be_v the_o 39th_o in_o which_o there_o be_v four_o which_o be_v very_o strange_a that_o in_o so_o busy_a a_o time_n as_o most_o of_o this_o king_n reign_n be_v there_o shall_v be_v no_o more_o roll_n leave_v and_o therefore_o it_o seem_v very_o probable_a that_o at_o least_o half_a be_v lose_v and_o in_o which_o may_v be_v many_o summons_n as_o well_o to_o the_o commons_o as_o to_o the_o lord_n and_o if_o they_o be_v not_o lose_v pray_v tell_v i_o what_o be_v become_v of_o all_o the_o writ_n of_o summons_n to_o your_o lesser_a tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la who_o certain_o often_o meet_v in_o this_o long_a reign_n according_a to_o king_n john_n charter_n but_o if_o you_o will_v tell_v i_o they_o be_v lose_v or_o omit_v to_o be_v enter_v upon_o the_o close_a roll_n i_o may_v with_o like_a reason_n and_o certainty_n affirm_v the_o same_o of_o the_o writ_n of_o summons_n to_o the_o knight_n citizen_n and_o burgess_n for_o if_o the_o one_o may_v be_v lose_v sure_o the_o other_o may_v be_v so_o too_o but_o what_o if_o after_o all_o these_o writ_n you_o have_v produce_v be_v not_o any_o summons_n to_o a_o common_a council_n or_o parliament_n at_o all_o but_o only_o to_o a_o great_a council_n of_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la which_o i_o have_v great_a reason_n to_o believe_v not_o only_o because_o the_o title_n to_o the_o last_o writ_n be_v only_o summonitio_fw-la ad_fw-la concilium_fw-la and_o not_o commune_fw-la concilium_fw-la regni_fw-la but_o also_o because_o mr._n selden_n and_o mr._n pryn_n who_o certain_o must_v have_v see_v all_o these_o writ_n as_o well_o as_o the_o doctor_n and_o be_v as_o able_a to_o judge_n of_o they_o never_o cite_v they_o for_o summons_n to_o parliament_n and_o mr._n pryn_n observe_v of_o several_a writ_n in_o which_o the_o like_a word_n of_o summon_v the_o lord_n to_o give_v 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suppose_v it_o do_v when_o no_o other_o lay-member_n be_v mention_v but_o i_o have_v already_o observe_v that_o this_o barones_n be_v a_o cheveral_a word_n and_o to_o be_v stretch_v or_o contract_v as_o best_a suit_n with_o your_o hypothesis_n so_o i_o think_v i_o may_v with_o great_a reason_n suppose_v the_o earl_n and_o baron_n to_o be_v all_o comprehend_v under_o the_o word_n barones_n and_o the_o commons_o under_o aliis_fw-la as_o i_o have_v already_o prove_v and_o which_o be_v also_o most_o suitable_a to_o the_o last_o clause_n of_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la of_o king_n henry_n iii_o but_o you_o forget_v that_o i_o have_v i_o think_v sufficient_o make_v out_o that_o the_o commons_o have_v their_o representative_n both_o at_o the_o make_n and_o confirm_v of_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la in_o 2d_o and_o 9th_o of_o henry_n iii_o and_o therefore_o whatever_o proof_n you_o bring_v to_o the_o contrary_a will_v come_v to_o late_o though_o i_o shall_v patient_o hear_v what_o you_o have_v to_o say_v but_o if_o you_o have_v no_o more_o authority_n to_o produce_v from_o statute_n and_o record_n which_o have_v not_o be_v already_o consider_v pray_v proceed_v to_o the_o 49th_o of_o this_o king_n reign_n and_o give_v i_o some_o reason_n why_o the_o commons_o be_v call_v in_o that_o year_n and_o never_o before_o nor_o after_o till_o the_o 18_o of_o edw._n i._n for_o they_o both_o seem_v to_o i_o very_o improbable_a supposition_n m._n i_o shall_v observe_v your_o command_n and_o shall_v give_v you_o as_o short_a a_o account_n as_o i_o can_v of_o this_o transaction_n first_o therefore_o i_o desire_v you_o to_o take_v notice_n that_o after_o simon_n monâ—fort_n and_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o baron_n of_o his_o faction_n have_v take_v king_n hen._n iii_o dein_fw-ge and_o richard_n earl_n of_o cornwall_n the_o king_n brother_n with_o many_o other_o of_o the_o nobility_n prisoner_n at_o the_o battle_n of_o lewes_n he_o carry_v they_o about_o with_o he_o till_o they_o have_v take_v in_o all_o the_o strong_a fort_n and_o castle_n of_o the_o land_n and_o when_o this_o be_v do_v mat._n paris_n tell_v we_o that_o call_v together_o at_o london_n the_o bishop_n earl_n and_o baron_n of_o that_o faction_n which_o so_o seditious_o hold_v their_o king_n prisoner_n they_o begin_v to_o set_v up_o a_o committee_n for_o the_o government_n of_o the_o kingdom_n consist_v of_o twelve_o lord_n who_o be_v choose_v out_o of_o the_o whole_a community_n or_o body_n of_o the_o baronage_n without_o who_o advice_n and_o consent_n or_o at_o least_o of_o three_o of_o they_o no_o affair_n in_o the_o king_n household_n or_o in_o the_o kingdom_n shall_v be_v transact_v and_o to_o these_o ordinance_n the_o king_n and_o his_o son_n be_v force_v to_o agree_v and_o though_o the_o record_n of_o this_o agreement_n recite_v that_o this_o ordinance_n dorso_n be_v make_v at_o london_n by_o the_o consent_n good-like_a and_o command_n of_o the_o king_n and_o also_o of_o the_o prelate_n baron_n and_o of_o the_o community_n there_o present_a yet_o i_o be_o not_o yet_o convince_v that_o by_o the_o word_n communitas_fw-la in_o the_o latin_a record_n be_v to_o be_v understand_v the_o commons_o but_o the_o community_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n since_o this_o agreement_n be_v sign_v only_o by_o some_o great_a earl_n and_o baron_n and_o no_o commoner_n witness_v to_o it_o but_o the_o mayor_n of_o london_n who_o yourself_o will_v grant_v be_v no_o parliament_n man._n after_o which_o simon_n montfort_n the_o better_a to_o settle_v himself_o in_o his_o usurp_v power_n and_o in_o those_o land_n and_o castle_n which_o himself_o and_o those_o of_o his_o faction_n have_v unjust_o wrest_v from_o prince_n edward_n who_o be_v now_o also_o a_o prisoner_n have_v deliver_v himself_o as_o a_o hostage_n for_o the_o performance_n of_o this_o force_a peace_n they_o in_o the_o first_o place_n send_v out_o writ_n in_o the_o king_n name_n unto_o divers_a bishop_n abbot_n and_o prior_n and_o to_o such_o of_o the_o nobleman_n as_o be_v of_o their_o own_o party_n to_o appear_v at_o westminster_n on_o the_o octave_n of_o st._n hillary_n next_o ensue_v and_o the_o doctor_n have_v give_v we_o a_o copy_n of_o the_o writ_n of_o summons_n to_o the_o bishop_n of_o durham_n schâ—dula_n as_o it_o be_v find_v in_o the_o close_a roll_n of_o the_o 49th_o of_o this_o king_n and_o at_o the_o end_n of_o it_o it_o be_v thus_o recite_v â—eodem_fw-la moâ—o_fw-la mandatum_fw-la est_fw-la episcopo_fw-la carleol_n as_o also_o to_o divers_a bishop_n and_o abbot_n all_o of_o their_o own_o party_n and_o faction_n there_o be_v above_o a_o hundred_o abbot_n and_o prior_n then_o summon_v more_o than_o ever_o be_v i_o believe_v before_o or_o since_o and_o then_o follow_v a_o short_a
be_v particular_a direction_n since_o by_o the_o general_a writ_n of_o summons_n provide_v by_o king_n john_n charter_n the_o sheriff_n of_o each_o county_n be_v to_o summon_v all_o the_o minor_a baron_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la which_o can_v not_o be_v if_o only_o the_o more_o discreet_a be_v then_o summon_v nor_o be_v there_o in_o this_o preamble_n the_o least_o hint_n or_o intimation_n of_o any_o writ_n direct_v to_o county_n city_n or_o burgh_n for_o the_o choice_n of_o member_n i_o desire_v you_o in_o the_o next_o place_n to_o take_v notice_n that_o britton_n who_o live_v about_o that_o time_n suppose_v this_o statute_n to_o have_v be_v make_v 95._o per_fw-la la_fw-fr purveance_n de_fw-fr robert_n walerand_n &_o per_fw-la commune_fw-la assent_n des_fw-fr graunt_n signior_n du_fw-fr realm_n by_o the_o procurement_n or_o forecast_n of_o robert_n walerand_n and_o by_o common_a assent_n of_o the_o great_a lord_n of_o the_o realm_n without_o any_o mention_n of_o the_o commons_o i_o have_v a_o great_a many_o more_o such_o statute_n to_o instance_n in_o which_o be_v say_v by_o m._n paris_n to_o have_v be_v make_v in_o several_a parliament_n of_o this_o king_n by_o the_o community_n or_o common_a university_n or_o baronage_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n but_o i_o pass_v they_o by_o because_o we_o have_v sufficient_o debate_v most_o of_o they_o already_o f._n if_o only_o some_o of_o your_o great_a lord_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la can_v thus_o meet_v and_o make_v law_n to_o bind_v all_o the_o rest_n and_o they_o so_o tame_o put_v up_o this_o strange_a infringement_n of_o their_o privilege_n as_o you_o suppose_v it_o seem_v their_o power_n be_v much_o abate_v since_o the_o 37_o the_o year_n of_o this_o king_n when_o as_o i_o say_v mat._n paris_n tell_v we_o that_o the_o baron_n will_v do_v nothing_o without_o the_o rest_n of_o their_o peer_n who_o it_o seem_v the_o king_n have_v then_o omit_v to_o summon_v and_o therefore_o i_o must_v needs_o tell_v you_o 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camera_fw-la tunc_fw-la circumstante_fw-la petit_fw-la etiam_fw-la a_o clero_fw-la susidium_fw-la qui_fw-la respondit_fw-la se_fw-la velle_fw-la summo_fw-la pontifici_fw-la literas_fw-la supplicatorias_fw-la dirigere_fw-la pro_fw-la conferendi_fw-la licentia_fw-la obtinenda_fw-la so_o that_o the_o plebs_fw-la here_o mention_v by_o the_o historian_n be_v only_o the_o lay-nobility_n that_o stand_v about_o the_o king_n in_o his_o chamber_n now_o pray_v consider_v that_o the_o word_n plebs_fw-la be_v of_o a_o much_o more_o vulgar_a signification_n than_o populus_fw-la so_o that_o if_o the_o former_a do_v not_o signify_v the_o commons_o as_o now_o understand_v the_o latter_a can_v do_v so_o and_o therefore_o i_o see_v no_o reason_n to_o suppose_v that_o there_o word_n must_v signify_v the_o commons_o the_o like_a error_n i_o must_v tell_v you_o by_o the_o way_n the_o gentleman_n of_o your_o opinion_n have_v fall_v into_o concern_v the_o word_n vulgus_fw-la in_o the_o old_a coronation_n 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council_n of_o 9_o the_o henry_n the_o 3_o d_o relate_v it_o thus_o at_o the_o purification_n of_o the_o virgin_n there_o assemble_v at_o london_n the_o procâ—res_fw-la angliae_fw-la ibique_fw-la tractatu_fw-la diffusiore_fw-la habita_fw-la cum_fw-la clero_fw-la &_o populo_fw-la the_o king_n then_o grant_v the_o liberty_n of_o the_o great_a charter_n and_o that_o of_o forest_n and_o that_o there_o be_v grant_v a_o comition_n &_o baronibus_fw-la clero_fw-la &_o populo_fw-la ibidem_fw-la praesentibus_fw-la quinta_fw-la decima_fw-la â—mniâ—m_fw-la mobilium_fw-la de_fw-la communi_fw-la assenâ—â—â—_n whence_o pray_v observe_v what_o i_o before_o mind_v you_o of_o that_o this_o tax_n as_o it_o be_v a_o general_a upon_o all_o the_o moveable_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o take_v in_o all_o sort_n of_o person_n and_o so_o can_v not_o never_o be_v give_v by_o the_o particular_a order_n of_o the_o drs._n tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la since_o it_o do_v not_o concern_v tenor_n at_o all_o and_o be_v levy_v on_o those_o knight_n service_n as_o well_o as_o upon_o those_o that_o do_v but_o the_o author_n of_o the_o annal_n of_o the_o abbey_n of_o burton_n be_v more_o full_a in_o this_o point_n for_o in_o ann._n dom._n 1255._o be_v the_o 39_o the_o of_o henry_n the_o 3_o d_o he_o tell_v we_o a_o parliament_n be_v hold_v at_o westminster_n convocatis_fw-la ibidem_fw-la episcopis_fw-la abbatibus_fw-la prioribus_fw-la comitibus_fw-la &_o baronibus_fw-la &_o totius_fw-la regni_fw-la majoribus_fw-la in_o quo_fw-la petebat_fw-la rex_fw-la a_o clero_fw-la &_o populo_fw-la de_fw-la laicis_fw-la feodis_fw-la suis_fw-la sibi_fw-la suffragium_fw-la exhiberi_fw-la etc._n etc._n viz._n for_o the_o business_n of_o sicily_n and_o then_o go_v on_o thus_o disponens_fw-la de_fw-la svo_fw-la iniquo_fw-la consilio_fw-la hoc_fw-la prius_fw-la a_o clero_fw-la &_o postmodum_fw-la a_o popâ—lo_fw-la majori_fw-la &_o minori_fw-la extorqueri_fw-la from_o which_o passage_n i_o shall_v observe_v first_o that_o all_o the_o clergy_n in_o general_n as_o well_o the_o bishop_n and_o abbot_n as_o inferior_a clergy_n be_v here_o style_v clerus_fw-la second_o that_o the_o nobility_n and_o commons_o or_o whole_a body_n of_o the_o laity_n be_v altogether_o call_v populus_fw-la three_o that_o this_o populus_fw-la be_v there_o also_o distinguish_v into_o the_o major_n and_o minor_a now_o as_o by_o the_o major_n can_v be_v mean_v none_o but_o the_o great_a nobility_n so_o the_o populus_fw-la minor_a can_v signify_v none_o but_o the_o commons_o in_o general_a unless_o you_o will_v suppose_v that_o the_o king_n design_n be_v only_o to_o extort_v money_n from_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la and_o no_o other_o but_o to_o put_v it_o far_o out_o of_o all_o dispute_n that_o this_o word_n populus_fw-la when_o put_v after_o and_o distinct_a from_o magnate_n barones_n and_o the_o like_a in_o our_o ancient_a historian_n and_o record_n do_v signify_v the_o commons_o alone_o i_o shall_v prove_v to_o you_o by_o the_o patent_n roll_v of_o 19_o the_o of_o edward_n i._o 20._o the_o year_n after_o your_o dr._n suppose_v the_o commons_o be_v call_v to_o parliament_n where_o there_o be_v a_o writ_n direct_v baronibus_fw-la militibus_fw-la &_o libbards_n hominibus_fw-la de_fw-fr wallia_fw-la recite_v that_o the_o comites_fw-la barones_n &_o populus_fw-la de_fw-la regno_fw-la have_v late_o free_o grant_v a_o 15_o the_o of_o all_o their_o movable_n and_o therefore_o desire_v like_o aid_n from_o the_o welsh_a now_o nothing_o can_v be_v plain_a than_o that_o by_o populus_fw-la in_o this_o record_n must_v be_v mean_v the_o commons_o and_o yet_o it_o be_v also_o as_o evident_a from_o another_o record_n now_o in_o the_o keep_n of_o the_o remembrancer_n of_o the_o exchequer_n that_o this_o 15_o the_o be_v grant_v the_o year_n before_o in_o the_o 18_o the_o of_o this_o king_n for_o by_o this_o writ_n or_o commission_n he_o appoint_v commissioner_n for_o the_o collect_v of_o that_o 15_o the_o of_o all_o movable_n which_o the_o king_n thus_o recite_v the_o archiepiscopi_fw-la episcopi_fw-la abbates_n priores_fw-la comites_fw-la barones_n &_o omnes_fw-la alii_fw-la de_fw-la regno_fw-la nunc_fw-la sicut_fw-la alius_fw-la de_fw-la nobis_fw-la &_o progenitoribus_fw-la nostris_fw-la liberaliter_fw-la fecerunt_fw-la to_o have_v late_o free_o grant_v he_o which_o can_v be_v no_o other_o than_o that_o mention_v in_o the_o record_n of_o the_o 19_o the_o unless_o you_o can_v suppose_v that_o there_o be_v a_o 15_o the_o grant_v two_o year_n together_o which_o be_v very_o unlikely_a and_o more_o than_o the_o nation_n can_v then_o well_o pay_v so_o likewise_o by_o the_o parliament_n roll_v of_o 1_o edward_z the_o 3_o d_o 20._o appear_v that_o hugh_n le_fw-fr dispenser_n jun._n have_v be_v in_o the_o reign_n of_o his_o father_n per_fw-la considerationem_fw-la parium_n &_o populi_n regni_n &_o per_fw-la assensum_fw-la domini_fw-la edwardi_fw-la tune_n regis_fw-la angl._n exile_v and_o disinherit_v for_o ever_o as_o a_o traitor_n to_o the_o king_n and_o kingdom_n that_o be_v he_o be_v banish_v by_o the_o joint_a consent_n of_o king_n lord_n and_o commons_o now_o if_o populus_fw-la in_o these_o record_n signify_v the_o commons_o after_o the_o time_n you_o own_v they_o appear_v in_o parliament_n i_o will_v be_v glad_a to_o see_v some_o better_a reason_n than_o you_o have_v hitherto_o give_v i_o to_o prove_v that_o it_o can_v not_o have_v the_o same_o signification_n before_o the_o 49_o the_o of_o henry_n the_o 3_o d_o or_o 18_o the_o of_o edward_n i._o yet_o that_o populus_fw-la do_v also_o sometimes_o signify_v both_o lord_n and_o commons_o appear_v from_o mat._n westminster_n where_o relate_v how_o king_n edward_n i._o in_o the_o 34_o the_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n make_v his_o son_n a_o knight_n than_o he_o tell_v we_o pro_fw-la hac_fw-la militia_n silij_fw-la regis_fw-la concessus_n est_fw-la regi_fw-la trigesimus_fw-la denarius_fw-la à _fw-la populo_fw-la &_o clero_fw-la mercatores_fw-la verò_fw-la vicesimum_fw-la concesserunt_fw-la yet_o that_o the_o commons_o have_v also_o a_o share_n in_o this_o grant_n the_o dr._n himself_o acknowledge_v in_o his_o glossary_n under_o the_o same_o head_n in_o these_o word_n
be_v the_o bishop_n the_o nobility_n and_o civitatum_fw-la delegati_fw-la the_o deputy_n or_o commissioner_n of_o town_n and_o city_n for_o sweden_n it_o come_v near_o the_o government_n and_o form_n of_o danemark_n and_o have_v the_o same_o estate_n and_o degree_n of_o people_n as_o among_o the_o dane_n that_o be_v to_o say_v proceres_fw-la &_o nobiles_fw-la the_o great_a and_o the_o less_o nobility_n episcopi_fw-la &_o ecclesiastici_fw-la the_o bishop_n and_o inferior_a clergy_n civitates_fw-la &_o vniversitates_fw-la the_o city_n and_o town_n corporate_a for_o so_o i_o think_v he_o mean_v by_o vniversitates_fw-la as_o tâ—uanus_n muster_v they_o 131._o to_o which_o we_o may_v also_o add_v though_o here_o omit_v by_o this_o author_n the_o delegate_n of_o the_o rustic_n or_o husbandman_n who_o make_v a_o four_o estate_n in_o the_o assembly_n of_o estate_n of_o this_o kingdom_n and_o in_o this_o realm_n the_o bishop_n and_o clergy_n enjoy_v the_o place_n and_o privilege_n of_o the_o three_o estate_n notwithstanding_o the_o alteration_n of_o religion_n to_o this_o very_a day_n the_o bishop_n in_o their_o own_o person_n and_o a_o certain_a number_n of_o the_o clergy_n out_o of_o every_o sochen_n a_o division_n like_o our_o rural_a deanery_n in_o the_o name_n of_o the_o rest_n have_v a_o necessary_a vote_n in_o all_o their_o parliament_n and_n this_v swedish_n great_a council_n be_v the_o more_o remarkable_a because_o it_o come_v very_o near_o our_o constitution_n in_o england_n in_o which_o i_o prove_v the_o inferior_a clergy_n and_o the_o commons_o not_o except_v the_o mean_a freeholder_n ancient_o have_v their_o representative_n so_o that_o it_o have_v be_v the_o strange_a thing_n that_o can_v have_v be_v observe_v in_o all_o the_o political_a constitution_n on_o this_o side_n of_o europe_n if_o that_o of_o england_n though_o descend_v from_o the_o same_o gothick_n original_a and_o found_v according_a to_o the_o same_o model_n shall_v have_v have_v no_o representative_n for_o the_o commons_o or_o plebian_n in_o their_o great_a council_n or_o parliament_n the_o dr._n here_o conclude_v with_o scotland_n and_o england_n the_o former_a of_o which_o since_o you_o agree_v to_o have_v have_v from_o all_o time_n citizen_n and_o burgess_n in_o their_o great_a council_n or_o parliament_n i_o need_v not_o repeat_v what_o be_v there_o since_o it_o be_v no_o more_o than_o what_o you_o yourself_o have_v grant_v and_o as_o for_o england_n he_o own_v as_o appear_v by_o the_o passage_n i_o have_v already_o cite_v out_o of_o this_o chapter_n 193._o that_o the_o clergy_n nobility_n and_o people_n be_v call_v to_o a_o parliament_n hold_v under_o henry_n the_o ad_fw-la at_o clerkâ—nwell_n m_o i_o will_v not_o deny_v but_o there_o be_v representative_n of_o the_o city_n and_o great_a town_n in_o the_o great_a council_n or_o assembly_n of_o estate_n of_o all_o those_o kingdom_n you_o have_v now_o mention_v out_o of_o dr._n heylins_n treatise_n yet_o whether_o they_o be_v there_o from_o the_o very_a first_o institution_n of_o those_o government_n be_v much_o to_o be_v doubt_v but_o since_o i_o have_v not_o now_o leisure_n to_o inquire_v into_o the_o original_a of_o all_o these_o kingdom_n nor_o at_o what_o time_n each_o state_n begin_v to_o come_v to_o these_o great_a council_n give_v i_o leave_v in_o the_o mean_a time_n to_o remark_n that_o all_o these_o kingdom_n except_o sweden_n come_v near_o to_o that_o constitution_n which_o we_o suppose_v to_o have_v be_v ancient_o in_o england_n and_o scotland_n and_o also_o other_o kingdom_n where_o feudatory_a tenor_n be_v observe_v and_o consequent_o none_o but_o the_o chief_a lord_n or_o baron_n by_o knight_n service_n 96._o and_o that_o hold_v of_o the_o king_n so_o that_o all_o those_o foreign_a council_n or_o dyeâ—s_n etc._n etc._n at_o first_o be_v all_o the_o same_o as_o consist_v of_o emperor_n or_o king_n with_o their_o earl_n and_o baron_n bishop_n and_o great_a officer_n as_o be_v evident_a from_o all_o the_o old_a german_a and_o french_a author_n and_o since_o city_n send_v deputy_n in_o germany_n and_o italy_n 126._o they_o be_v only_o from_o imperial_a city_n the_o like_a i_o believe_v will_v be_v find_v in_o france_n and_o those_o other_o kingdom_n you_o have_v now_o mention_v but_o you_o can_v show_v i_o unless_o in_o sweden_n any_o representative_n elect_v by_o the_o common_a people_n or_o rustic_n distinct_a from_o the_o nobility_n and_o gentry_n like_o our_o knight_n of_o shire_n in_o england_n so_o that_o i_o still_o doubt_v whether_o all_o the_o representative_n of_o the_o great_a lord_n and_o other_o nobility_n that_o appear_v in_o the_o council_n of_o these_o kingdom_n be_v not_o all_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la and_o no_o other_o f._n that_o this_o be_v a_o mere_a surmise_n of_o you_o i_o think_v i_o can_v easy_o prove_v for_o in_o the_o first_o place_n as_o for_o the_o bishop_n abbot_n and_o clergy_n who_o still_o make_v the_o first_o estate_n in_o all_o these_o kingdom_n nothing_o be_v more_o certain_a than_o that_o they_o never_o any_o of_o they_o hold_v of_o the_o king_n by_o knight_n service_n and_o therefore_o can_v not_o 〈◊〉_d in_o their_o great_a council_n by_o that_o tenure_n that_o institution_n be_v for_o aught_o as_o i_o know_v peculiar_a to_o england_n and_o introduce_v by_o your_o conqueror_n as_o you_o yourself_o acknowledge_v and_o as_o for_o the_o temporal_a nobility_n you_o will_v find_v that_o in_o france_n not_o only_o those_o nobleman_n that_o hold_v of_o the_o king_n by_o military_a service_n but_o those_o who_o hold_v in_o libero_fw-la alodio_n without_o any_o such_o service_n at_o all_o have_v place_n either_o by_o themselves_o or_o their_o deputy_n in_o the_o assembly_n of_o the_o estate_n so_o likewise_o for_o the_o city_n and_o town_n that_o send_v deputy_n to_o it_o i_o believe_v you_o will_v not_o find_v that_o any_o of_o they_o hold_v of_o the_o king_n in_o capite_fw-la and_o to_o come_v to_o germany_n you_o be_v likewise_o as_o much_o mistake_v in_o fancy_v that_o all_o the_o imperial_a city_n be_v subject_a immediate_o to_o the_o emperor_n before_o they_o become_v so_o for_o hamburgh_n and_o lubec_n be_v subject_a to_o their_o own_o prince_n the_o former_a to_o the_o duke_n of_o holstein_n and_o sleswic_n and_o the_o latter_a to_o earl_n of_o its_o own_o till_o at_o last_o they_o either_o purchase_v their_o liberty_n they_o enjoy_v from_o their_o prince_n or_o else_o cast_v they_o off_o and_o be_v after_o receive_v into_o the_o body_n of_o the_o diet_n by_o the_o bull_n or_o charter_n of_o several_a emperor_n 30._o and_o so_o likewise_o brunswick_n be_v always_o a_o fâ—â—e_a city_n till_o it_o be_v unite_v to_o the_o empire_n by_o its_o own_o consent_n i_o can_v show_v you_o the_o like_a of_o several_a other_o city_n now_o call_v imperial_a who_o hold_v ancient_o not_o of_o the_o emperor_n but_o either_o of_o their_o own_o earl_n or_o bishop_n though_o i_o grant_v it_o be_v the_o charter_n of_o the_o emperor_n with_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o diet_n that_o give_v they_o a_o place_n in_o those_o assembly_n and_o though_o it_o be_v true_a that_o in_o all_o the_o rest_n of_o these_o kingdom_n the_o mere_a rustic_n or_o paisant_n have_v no_o representative_n in_o their_o great_a council_n yet_o this_o make_v no_o alteration_n in_o the_o case_n if_o you_o please_v to_o consider_v it_o for_o the_o nobility_n and_o gentry_n be_v the_o only_a true_a and_o proper_a owner_n of_o the_o land_n of_o those_o kingdom_n all_o the_o rustic_n or_o paisant_n be_v mere_a vassal_n and_o in_o france_n almost_o slave_n to_o their_o nobility_n and_o gentry_n who_o as_o i_o have_v already_o say_v have_v all_o alike_a vote_n in_o their_o assembly_n of_o estate_n as_o well_o those_o who_o hold_v of_o the_o king_n in_o chief_a by_o knight_n service_n as_o those_o that_o do_v not_o whereas_o it_o be_v always_o far_o otherwise_o in_o england_n where_o the_o mean_a freeholder_n be_v always_o as_o free_a as_o to_o his_o person_n and_o estate_n as_o the_o great_a lord_n of_o who_o he_o hold_v and_o hence_o it_o be_v that_o we_o have_v have_v from_o all_o time_n those_o of_o the_o degree_n of_o yeoman_n so_o peculiar_a to_o england_n as_o fortiscut_n in_o his_o treatise_n de_fw-fr laudibus_fw-la legum_n angliae_fw-la take_v notice_n who_o if_o they_o live_v on_o their_o own_o land_n have_v no_o more_o dependence_n on_o the_o nobleman_n and_o gentleman_n than_o they_o have_v now_o and_o therefore_o it_o be_v but_o reason_n that_o these_o shall_v have_v their_o representative_n in_o parliament_n as_o well_o as_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o the_o city_n and_o burrough_n who_o have_v most_o of_o they_o a_o far_o less_o share_n in_o the_o riches_n and_o real_a estate_n of_o the_o kingdom_n second_o pray_v take_v notice_n that_o in_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o europe_n except_o
england_n and_o scotland_n there_o be_v no_o difference_n in_o point_n of_o privilege_n as_o to_o be_v tax_v or_o have_v voice_n in_o the_o great_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n between_o the_o high_a nobility_n such_o as_o have_v the_o title_n of_o duke_n marquess_n and_o count_n and_o simple_a gentleman_n whereas_o in_o england_n it_o have_v be_v always_o otherwise_o at_o least_o since_o the_o conquest_n and_o the_o earl_n and_o baron_n have_v by_o 〈◊〉_d tenor_n place_n as_o lord_n or_o peer_n in_o the_o great_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o so_o make_v a_o distinct_a body_n from_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o people_n whereas_o in_o other_o country_n the_o high_a nobility_n and_o gentry_n be_v reckon_v as_o all_o one_o estate_n and_o therefore_o it_o be_v but_o reason_n that_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o inferior_a nobility_n or_o gentry_n shall_v have_v their_o representative_n in_o this_o great_a council_n or_o parliament_n or_o otherwise_o they_o will_v have_v be_v as_o very_a vassal_n as_o to_o their_o estate_n to_o the_o great_a baron_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la as_o the_o boor_n in_o germany_n or_o the_o paisant_n in_o france_n be_v to_o their_o lord_n by_o who_o they_o be_v tax_v aâ—_n their_o pleasure_n which_o they_o never_o be_v in_o england_n as_o we_o can_v find_v either_o from_o history_n or_o record_n so_o that_o though_o i_o grant_v that_o it_o be_v the_o municipal_a law_n of_o each_o kingdom_n or_o nation_n that_o must_v determine_v what_o be_v the_o govern_v part_n of_o the_o people_n in_o those_o country_n yet_o though_o that_o be_v not_o absolute_o the_o same_o in_o all_o of_o they_o as_o it_o be_v in_o england_n yet_o we_o find_v it_o so_o in_o the_o main_a and_o the_o representative_n of_o the_o city_n and_o town_n do_v sufficient_o assert_v the_o right_n of_o the_o plebian_n or_o common_a people_n who_o make_v the_o 3d_o estate_n in_o those_o great_a council_n but_o i_o must_v here_o except_v sweden_n in_o which_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o the_o mere_a rustic_n or_o boor_n have_v always_o their_o own_o deputy_n in_o their_o diet_n as_o well_o as_o the_o city_n and_o town_n and_o if_o sweden_n have_v this_o privilege_n i_o can_v see_v why_o the_o english_a gentry_n and_o yeomanry_n who_o make_v but_o one_o body_n of_o commons_o may_v not_o have_v have_v the_o like_a till_o you_o can_v show_v i_o more_o sufficient_a proof_n to_o the_o contrary_n m_o well_o siâ—_n i_o shall_v consider_v of_o what_o you_o say_v but_o since_o it_o grow_v late_a that_o we_o may_v wind_v up_o this_o conversation_n as_o fast_o as_o we_o can_v give_v i_o leave_v to_o tell_v you_o that_o though_o i_o shall_v admit_v all_o that_o you_o have_v hitherto_o aver_v for_o truth_n and_o that_o we_o shall_v grant_v the_o commons_o of_o england_n to_o have_v be_v as_o ancient_a a_o part_n of_o the_o great_a council_n or_o parliament_n as_o any_o of_o the_o other_o two_o what_o be_v that_o to_o the_o main_a point_n in_o question_n between_o we_o viz_o that_o of_o nonresistance_a of_o the_o king_n upon_o any_o account_n whatsoever_o or_o how_o can_v you_o justsfie_v those_o of_o the_o clergy_n nobility_n and_o gentry_n of_o the_o church_n of_o england_n for_o take_v up_o arm_n against_o the_o king_n and_o contribute_v so_o much_o as_o they_o have_v do_v to_o the_o drive_v he_o away_o and_o in_o bring_v thing_n to_o this_o confusion_n they_o be_v now_o in_o since_o let_v your_o constitution_n of_o great_a council_n and_o parliament_n be_v never_o so_o ancient_a let_v we_o also_o for_o once_o suppose_v they_o as_o you_o do_v to_o have_v a_o share_n in_o the_o legislative_a power_n of_o the_o nation_n yet_o how_o can_v this_o authorise_v they_o much_o less_o any_o private_a person_n out_o of_o parliament_n to_o take_v up_o arm_n against_o the_o king_n or_o those_o commission_v by_o he_o since_o the_o whole_a current_n both_o of_o common_a as_o well_o as_o statute-law_n run_v direct_o against_o you_o and_o all_o with_o one_o consent_n assert_v that_o the_o disposal_n of_o the_o militia_n or_o military_a force_n of_o the_o kingdom_n have_v be_v even_o so_o absolute_o in_o the_o king_n power_n and_o at_o his_o disposal_n that_o no_o man_n can_v without_o be_v guilty_a of_o treason_n take_v up_o arm_n whether_o offensive_a or_o defensive_a without_o his_o commission_n to_o authorise_v he_o to_o do_v it_o so_o that_o no_o government_n in_o the_o world_n be_v more_o averse_a to_o all_o forcible_a resistance_n than_o our_o own_o the_o king_n have_v be_v even_o from_o your_o time_n beyond_o memory_n so_o full_o possess_v of_o the_o whole_a militia_n or_o power_n of_o raise_v offensive_a or_o defensive_a arm_n in_o this_o kingdom_n that_o it_o be_v express_o forbid_v by_o the_o statute_n of_o the_o seven_o ed._n i._o against_o come_v to_o parliament_n and_o treatise_n with_o force_n of_o arm_n in_o which_o the_o king_n set_v forth_o that_o in_o the_o last_o parliament_n the_o prelate_n earl_n baron_n and_o the_o commonalry_n in_o latin_a communitas_fw-la or_o body_n of_o the_o realm_n have_v say_v that_o to_o we_o i_o e._n to_o the_o king_n it_o belong_v and_o our_o part_n it_o be_v through_o our_o royal_a seigneury_n to_o defend_v that_o be_v in_o old_a french_a to_o forbid_v force_v of_o armour_n and_o all_o other_o force_n against_o our_o peace_n at_o all_o time_n when_o it_o shall_v please_v we_o and_o to_o punish_v they_o according_a to_o our_o law_n and_o usage_n of_o our_o realm_n and_o hereunto_o they_o be_v bind_v to_o aid_v we_o as_o their_o sovereign_a lord_n as_o oft_o as_o need_v shall_v be_v from_o whence_o you_o may_v observe_v that_o it_o be_v the_o king_n prerogative_n to_o forbid_v all_o manner_n of_o arm_n or_o arm_a force_n within_o the_o realm_n so_o that_o no_o man_n can_v lawful_o arm_v himself_o without_o his_o authority_n and_o this_o be_v further_a confirm_v by_o the_o statute_n of_o 25_o ed._n the_o three_o concern_v treason_n wherein_o it_o be_v declare_v without_o any_o except_a case_n to_o the_o contrary_a that_o to_o levy_v war_n against_o our_o lord_n the_o king_n in_o this_o realm_n or_o to_o be_v adherent_a to_o the_o king_n enemy_n in_o his_o realm_n give_v they_o aid_n or_o comfort_n in_o the_o realm_n or_o elsewhere_o be_v treason_n and_o sir_n edward_n coke_n upon_o this_o statute_n say_v thus_o that_o this_o be_v high_a treason_n before_o by_o the_o common_a law_n for_o no_o subject_n can_v levy_v war_n within_o the_o realm_n without_o authority_n from_o the_o king_n and_o if_o any_o man_n levy_n war_n to_o expulse_v stranger_n to_o deliver_v man_n out_o of_o prison_n to_o remove_v wicked_a councillor_n or_o against_o any_o statute_n or_o to_o any_o other_o end_n pretend_v reformation_n on_o their_o own_o head_n without_o warrant_n this_o be_v levy_v of_o war_n against_o the_o king_n because_o they_o take_v upon_o they_o royal_a authority_n from_o which_o statute_n as_o also_o from_o your_o own_o oracle_n sir_n ed._n coke_n be_v interpretation_n of_o it_o you_o may_v observe_v that_o it_o be_v not_o only_a treason_n to_o make_v war_n against_o the_o king_n person_n but_o to_o take_v arm_n to_o make_v any_o reformation_n or_o alteration_n in_o church_n or_o state_n without_o the_o king_n authority_n nor_o can_v any_o subject_n of_o england_n justify_v the_o take_a arm_n upon_o any_o account_n whatsoever_o unless_o it_o be_v by_o the_o king_n commission_n and_o therefore_o all_o the_o judge_n of_o england_n in_o the_o case_n of_o dr._n story_n report_n who_o be_v execute_v for_o treason_n in_o the_o reign_n of_o queen_n elizabeth_n do_v with_o one_o consent_n agree_v that_o the_o very_a consultation_n concern_v make_v war_n against_o the_o queen_n shall_v be_v interpret_v a_o make_v war_n against_o her_o person_n and_o suppose_v a_o design_n against_o her_o life_n so_o that_o nothing_o seem_v plain_a to_o i_o than_o that_o by_o the_o ancient_n as_o well_o as_o modern_a law_n of_o england_n all_o defensive_a as_o well_o as_o offensive_a arm_n be_v express_o forbid_v and_o condemn_v f._n i_o think_v i_o shall_v be_v able_a to_o make_v out_o notwithstanding_o what_o you_o have_v now_o say_v that_o all_o resistance_n of_o the_o king_n or_o those_o commission_v by_o â—im_n be_v so_o far_o from_o be_v treason_n as_o you_o suppose_v that_o it_o be_v every_o man_n duty_n to_o oppose_v he_o in_o case_n he_o go_v about_o to_o set_v up_o instead_o of_o a_o legal_a monarchy_n a_o tyrannical_a arbitrary_a power_n in_o this_o nation_n since_o this_o be_v but_o to_o preserve_v the_o original_a constitution_n of_o parliament_n which_o in_o some_o case_n can_v be_v maintain_v without_o such_o a_o resistance_n be_v allow_v but_o to_o proceed_v to_o the_o authority_n you_o bring_v from_o our_o statute_n as_o for_o the_o first_o you_o urge_v
out_o the_o precedent_n and_o fellow_n of_o magdalen_n college_n by_o the_o late_a ecclesiastical_a commission_n as_o also_o the_o turn_v out_o of_o the_o deputy_n lieutenant_n and_o justice_n of_o peace_n and_o all_o other_o magistrate_n out_o of_o city_n and_o corporation_n the_o king_n have_v sufficient_o redress_v they_o by_o restore_v the_o first_o to_o their_o place_n and_o by_o put_v all_o the_o rest_n into_o commission_n again_o and_o turn_a out_o those_o that_o come_v in_o their_o room_n and_o all_o this_o before_o the_o prince_n of_o orange_n come_v over_o and_o i_o doubt_v not_o but_o his_o majesty_n will_v have_v be_v content_a to_o have_v give_v the_o nation_n any_o other_o reasonable_a satisfaction_n they_o can_v have_v desire_v in_o the_o next_o parliament_n which_o ought_v to_o have_v be_v patient_o wait_v for_o until_o his_o majesty_n think_v sit_v to_o call_v it_o without_o go_v about_o to_o right_v ourselves_o by_o force_n f._n i_o confess_v you_o have_v make_v not_o 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as_o the_o empire_n be_v at_o this_o day_n in_o which_o though_o the_o estate_n or_o diet_n may_v choose_v who_o they_o please_v for_o king_n or_o emperor_n yet_o they_o still_o keep_v to_o the_o same_o family_n or_o line_n as_o long_o as_o there_o be_v any_o male_n leave_v of_o iâ—_n fit_a to_o succeed_v which_o custom_n often_o give_v the_o king_n in_o be_v a_o power_n which_o by_o degree_n come_v to_o be_v look_v upon_o as_o a_o kind_n of_o right_n either_o upon_o his_o death_n bed_n or_o else_o at_o any_o time_n before_o to_o nominate_v one_o of_o his_o son_n or_o near_a kinsman_n to_o be_v his_o successor_n by_o his_o last_o will_n or_o testament_n especial_o if_o he_o have_v no_o son_n of_o his_o own_o as_o happen_v in_o the_o case_n of_o king_n edward_n the_o confessor_n now_o this_o nomination_n though_o it_o do_v not_o alone_o confer_v a_o right_n to_o the_o crown_n yet_o it_o make_v the_o person_n so_o name_v the_o fair_a candidate_n for_o it_o and_o be_v such_o a_o recommendation_n to_o the_o estateâ—_n or_o great_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n as_o they_o never_o pass_v by_o or_o deny_v as_o i_o can_v ever_o find_v by_o the_o best_a inquiry_n i_o have_v make_v and_o for_o proof_n of_o this_o i_o shall_v appeal_v to_o the_o testament_n of_o k._n alfred_n as_o you_o will_v find_v it_o print_v from_o a_o ancient_a manuscript_n in_o the_o second_o appendix_n to_o his_o life_n in_o latin_a publish_v at_o oxford_n which_o begin_v thus_o ego_fw-la alfredus_fw-la divino_fw-la munere_fw-la labour_v ac_fw-la study_n athelredi_fw-la archiepiscopi_fw-la nec_fw-la non_fw-la totius_fw-la westsaxoniae_fw-la nobilitatis_fw-la consensu_fw-la pariter_fw-la &_o assensu_fw-la occidentalium_fw-la saxonum_n rex_fw-la quos_fw-la in_o testimonium_fw-la meae_fw-la ultimae_fw-la voluntatis_fw-la complementi_fw-la ut_fw-la sint_fw-la advocati_fw-la in_o disponendis_fw-la pro_fw-la salute_v animae_fw-la meae_fw-la regali_fw-la electione_n confirmo_fw-la tam_fw-la de_fw-la haereditate_fw-la quam_fw-la deus_fw-la at_o principes_fw-la cum_fw-la senioribus_fw-la populi_n misericorditer_fw-la ac_fw-la benign_a dederunt_fw-la quam_fw-la de_fw-la haereditate_fw-la quam_fw-la pater_fw-la meus_fw-la aethelwulfus_fw-la rex_fw-la nobis_fw-la tribus_fw-la fratribus_fw-la delegavit_fw-la viz._n aethelbaldo_n aethelredo_n &_o mihi_fw-la ita_fw-la quod_fw-la qui_fw-la nostrum_fw-la diutius_fw-la foret_fw-la superstes_fw-la ille_fw-la totius_fw-la regni_fw-la dominio_fw-la congauderet_fw-la etc._n etc._n from_o whence_o you_o may_v collect_v first_o that_o though_o this_o king_n in_o the_o very_a beginning_n of_o his_o testament_n ascribe_v his_o obtain_v the_o crown_n not_o to_o any_o hereditary_a right_n but_o the_o consent_n and_o assent_v of_o the_o nobility_n of_o west-saxony_n yet_o he_o also_o here_o mention_n the_o entail_n of_o the_o crown_n by_o his_o father_n will_n upon_o his_o two_o elder_a brother_n and_o himself_o successive_o before_o any_o 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that_o pretence_n that_o athelstan_n be_v a_o bastard_n so_o that_o you_o may_v
see_v that_o his_o father_n testament_n be_v not_o sufficient_a without_o the_o election_n of_o the_o wittema_n gemot_n who_o prefer_v he_o though_o perhaps_o illegitimate_a before_o this_o alfred_n who_o be_v set_v up_o against_o he_o and_o i_o doubt_v not_o if_o more_o of_o the_o testament_n of_o the_o english_a saxon_a king_n be_v now_o extant_a that_o i_o can_v give_v you_o more_o instance_n of_o this_o nature_n but_o that_o the_o person_n so_o nominate_v and_o elect_v though_o not_o the_o near_a always_o of_o blood_n claim_v jure_fw-la haereditario_fw-la be_v also_o as_o certain_a since_o bracton_n express_o tell_v we_o that_o haereditamentum_fw-la or_o inheritance_n be_v not_o derive_v ab_fw-la haerede_fw-la but_o heir_n from_o the_o inheritance_n and_o that_o inheritance_n be_v the_o succession_n to_o all_o the_o right_n which_o the_o predecessor_n have_v with_o who_o also_o the_o civil_a law_n agree_v haeredis_fw-la significatione_n omnes_fw-la significare_fw-la 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by_o k._n edward_n the_o confessor_n for_o his_o successor_n by_o his_o last_o will_n and_o testament_n and_o this_o have_v be_v without_o any_o blow_n confirm_v by_o the_o council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n by_o a_o subsequent_a election_n and_o coronation_n and_o that_o he_o have_v receive_v the_o oath_n and_o recognition_n of_o the_o english_a subject_n which_o always_o follow_v that_o solemnity_n i_o doubt_v not_o but_o he_o will_v have_v have_v as_o good_a a_o title_n to_o the_o crown_n as_o any_o of_o the_o king_n of_o the_o english_a saxon_a line_n i_o be_o sure_a a_o much_o better_a than_o harold_n who_o i_o be_o not_o satisfy_v come_v in_o either_o by_o the_o adoption_n of_o k_o edward_n or_o by_o the_o election_n of_o the_o people_n and_o therefore_o duke_n william_n have_v a_o good_a title_n against_o he_o as_o a_o usurper_n and_o conquer_a he_o and_o those_o of_o his_o party_n in_o the_o battle_n and_o be_v thereupon_o elect_v and_o recognize_v and_o crown_v by_o the_o general_a consent_n both_o of_o the_o english_a and_o norman_n i_o can_v see_v why_o his_o obtain_v the_o crown_n against_o harold_n by_o force_n of_o arm_n shall_v extinguish_v his_o former_a right_n and_o create_v a_o new_a title_n by_o conquest_n which_o he_o never_o claim_v by_o or_o suppose_v his_o renounce_v the_o confessor_n will_v which_o give_v he_o a_o right_a to_o be_v elect_v king_n according_a to_o the_o custom_n of_o those_o time_n and_o to_o demand_v the_o crown_n from_o a_o usurper_n who_o have_v solemn_o swear_v to_o assist_v he_o in_o this_o right_n but_o since_o you_o so_o positive_o affirm_v that_o no_o author_n whatever_o mention_n d._n william_n election_n i_o doubt_v not_o but_o to_o show_v it_o you_o from_o more_o than_o one_o author_n and_o those_o of_o or_o near_o those_o very_a time_n i_o shall_v in_o the_o first_o place_n give_v the_o account_n that_o a_o short_a history_n print_v at_o the_o end_n of_o mr._n tailor_n be_v history_n of_o gavel-kind_n from_o a_o ancient_a msc._n in_o the_o bodliaâ—_n library_n give_v we_o of_o this_o affair_n and_o who_o seem_v to_o be_v a_o author_n that_o live_v very_o near_o those_o time_n londoniam_fw-la convenientibus_fw-la francis_n &_o anglis_fw-la ad_fw-la nativitatem_fw-la domini_fw-la illisque_fw-la omnibus_fw-la concedentibus_fw-la coronam_fw-la totius_fw-la angliae_fw-la &_o dominationem_fw-la suscepit_fw-la and_o william_n of_o poictou_n this_o king_n chaplain_n in_o his_o history_n relate_v it_o thus_o die_v ordinationi_fw-la decreto_fw-la locutus_fw-la ad_fw-la anglos_n condecenti_fw-la sermone_fw-la eboraci_fw-la archiepiscopus_fw-la sapiens_fw-la bone_fw-la eloquens_fw-la a_o consentirent_fw-la eum_fw-la sibi_fw-la dominum_fw-la coronari_fw-la inquisivit_fw-la protestati_fw-la sunt_fw-la hilarem_fw-la consensum_fw-la universi_fw-la minime_fw-la haesitantes_fw-la ac_fw-la si_fw-la caelitus_fw-la unâ_fw-la ment_fw-la datâ_fw-la unâqu_fw-la voci_fw-la anglorum_fw-la quam_fw-la facillime_fw-la normanni_n consonuerunt_fw-la sermocinato_fw-la apud_fw-la eos_fw-la ac_fw-la sententiam_fw-la praecunctatoriam_fw-la constantini_n praesule_fw-la sic_fw-la electum_fw-la consecravit_fw-la archiepiscopus_fw-la imposuit_fw-la ei_fw-la diadema_fw-la etc._n etc._n so_o likewise_o ordoricus_n vitalis_n a_o norman_a author_n alive_a at_o the_o same_o time_n relate_v it_o thus_o 503._o die_fw-la natalis_fw-la domini_fw-la angli_fw-la londoniae_n ad_fw-la ordinandum_fw-la regem_fw-la convenerunt_fw-la &_o gâ—lielmum_fw-la ducem_fw-la normannorum_fw-la in_o regem_fw-la anglorum_fw-la consecravit_fw-la archiepiscopus_fw-la etc._n etc._n and_o go_v on_o to_o relate_v the_o manner_n how_o just_a as_o the_o nameless_a english_a author_n have_v do_v before_o but_o then_o agree_v with_o william_n of_o poictou_n in_o all_o the_o rest_n dum_fw-la aldredus_fw-la praesul_fw-la alloqueretur_fw-la anglos_n &_o godofredus_fw-la constantiniensis_fw-la normannos_fw-la a_o concederent_fw-la gulielmum_fw-la regnare_fw-la super_fw-la se_fw-la &_o vniversi_fw-la consensum_fw-la hilarem_fw-la protestarentur_fw-la unâ_fw-la voce_fw-la non_fw-la unius_fw-la linguae_fw-la locutione_n with_o who_o also_o agree_v willielmus_fw-la gemmenicensis_fw-la 288._o in_o the_o history_n of_o the_o duke_n of_o normandy_n who_o be_v also_o a_o author_n that_o live_v in_o or_o very_o near_o the_o time_n of_o this_o king_n his_o word_n be_v anno_fw-la incarnate_a domini_fw-la ab_fw-la omnibus_fw-la tam_fw-la normannorum_fw-la quam_fw-la anglorum_fw-la proceribus_fw-la rex_fw-la est_fw-la electus_fw-la &_o sacro_fw-la oleo_fw-la ab_fw-la episcopâ—â—_n râ—gni_fw-la delibutus_fw-la atque_fw-la regal_a â—â—â—demate_n coronatus_n so_o that_o you_o see_v here_o be_v no_o less_o than_o four_o ancient_a author_n who_o all_o agree_v upon_o the_o solemn_a election_n of_o king_n william_n and_o yet_o your_o dr._n have_v the_o confidence_n to_o tell_v we_o that_o mr._n petye_n only_a endeavour_n to_o prove_v this_o election_n of_o king_n william_n out_o of_o some_o fragment_n of_o author_n who_o live_v at_o some_o distance_n of_o time_n from_o his_o come_n over_o hither_o m._n i_o confess_v you_o have_v show_v i_o more_o for_o this_o mix_a slight_n of_o k_o william_n by_o testament_n and_o succession_n than_o ever_o i_o know_v before_o but_o you_o have_v deal_v more_o fair_o 206._o if_o you_o have_v also_o add_v what_o dr._n b._n take_v notice_n of_o our_o of_o guliâ—â—â—â—â—_n pictaviensis_n concern_v king_n william_n be_v advance_v to_o the_o crown_n for_o immediate_o after_o the_o mention_n of_o he_o be_v crown_v he_o conludes_fw-la thus_o 〈◊〉_d liberi_fw-la &_o napole_n justa_fw-la 〈…〉_z anglle_fw-fr terrae_fw-la quam_fw-la haereditaria_fw-la delegatione_fw-la sacrament_n anglorum_fw-la firmata_fw-la &_o jure_v belli_n ipse_fw-la possedit_fw-la so_o that_o here_o you_o see_v he_o ground_n a_o title_n to_o he_o and_o his_o postaerity_n not_o only_o on_o his_o hereditary_a but_o the_o oath_n of_o the_o english_a and_o the_o right_n of_o war_n but_o as_o for_o the_o word_n electus_n make_v use_v of_o by_o those_o ancient_a author_n dei_fw-la b._n have_v make_v it_o very_o plain_a in_o his_o history_n of_o the_o succession_n of_o the_o crown_n of_o england_n as_o also_o in_o his_o glossary_n that_o this_o word_n do_v not_o there_o signify_v elect_v but_o recognize_v and_o acknowledge_v that_o such_o a_o one_o be_v to_o be_v king_n yet_o i_o very_o much_o doubt_n whether_o this_o can_v be_v proper_o term_v a_o election_n or_o not_o since_o the_o same_o historian_n also_o tell_v we_o that_o part_n of_o k._n william_n army_n keep_v guard_n without_o the_o church_n door_n during_o his_o coronation_n by_o this_o good_a token_n that_o when_o they_o hear_v so_o great_a a_o shout_n give_v upon_o the_o people_n declare_v their_o assent_n the_o soldier_n suspect_v some_o treason_n set_v fire_n to_o the_o house_n so_o that_o i_o can_v see_v how_o that_o can_v be_v proper_o a_o 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precedent_n and_o fellow_n of_o magdalen_n college_n and_o that_o prosecution_n that_o be_v late_o order_v against_o all_o those_o bishop_n and_o inferior_a clergy_n who_o have_v refuse_v to_o distribute_v or_o read_v the_o king_n declaration_n though_o i_o confess_v there_o be_v a_o stop_n put_v to_o this_o upon_o recalling_a this_o commission_n immediate_o before_o the_o prince_n arrival_n so_o likewise_o for_o the_o other_o article_n of_o levy_v money_n contrary_n to_o law_n that_o be_v also_o without_o any_o opinion_n of_o the_o judge_n at_o all_o demand_v about_o it_o for_o the_o illegal_a collection_n of_o chimney_n money_n by_o make_v cottage_n and_o oven_n pay_v that_o be_v exempt_v by_o the_o act_n concern_v it_o and_o also_o the_o illegal_a levy_n of_o excise_n by_o make_v small-beer_n pay_v the_o duty_n of_o strong_a be_v all_o of_o they_o act_v and_o do_v by_o particular_a direction_n from_o the_o treasury_n or_o by_o the_o private_a abuse_n of_o the_o farmer_n of_o the_o 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that_o contract_n never_o pass_v the_o seal_n during_o the_o king_n life-time_n it_o be_v certain_o against_o law_n for_o the_o king_n to_o take_v they_o before_o they_o be_v regranted_n by_o act_n of_o parliament_n i_o say_v i_o shall_v not_o insist_v upon_o this_o since_o the_o parliament_n be_v so_o easy_a as_o to_o pass_v it_o by_o without_o declare_v it_o to_o have_v be_v illegal_a only_o it_o sufficient_o show_v that_o from_o the_o very_a beginning_n of_o the_o king_n reign_n he_o be_v resolve_v to_o govern_v arbitrary_o and_o to_o levy_v money_n upon_o the_o subject_a whether_o the_o law_n give_v he_o any_o authority_n to_o do_v it_o or_o not_o but_o as_o to_o what_o you_o say_v concern_v the_o judge_n be_v whole_o in_o fault_n for_o all_o the_o unjust_a and_o illegal_a proceed_n exercise_v in_o their_o court_n and_o that_o the_o king_n be_v whole_o faultless_a i_o shall_v be_v of_o your_o mind_n have_v i_o not_o see_v that_o all_o those_o judge_n who_o will_v not_o agree_v to_o the_o dispense_n power_n and_o other_o illegal_a judgement_n i_o can_v name_v be_v turn_v out_o and_o other_o either_o papist_n or_o of_o less_o conscience_n than_o papist_n be_v put_v in_o their_o place_n which_o be_v not_o confer_v for_o any_o long_a time_n than_o durante_fw-la bene_fw-la placito_fw-la and_o therefore_o no_o wonder_n if_o such_o man_n be_v absolute_a slave_n to_o the_o king_n will_n and_o pleasure_n m._n i_o have_v much_o more_o to_o say_v in_o defence_n of_o the_o king_n be_v raise_v and_o keep_v up_o a_o stand_a army_n and_o his_o disarm_v protestant_n in_o and_o after_o the_o duke_n of_o monmouth_n rebellion_n which_o be_v lay_v to_o his_o charge_n as_o endeavour_n to_o destroy_v the_o right_n and_o liberty_n of_o this_o kingdom_n but_o since_o it_o grow_v late_a i_o shall_v only_o now_o take_v notice_n of_o something_o which_o i_o forget_v to_o insist_v upon_o concern_v your_o notion_n of_o the_o king_n be_v obdicate_v the_o crown_n by_o a_o wilful_a breach_n of_o the_o law_n which_o be_v quite_o different_a from_o the_o sense_n in_o which_o this_o word_n be_v take_v in_o roman_a author_n as_o also_o in_o our_o civil-law_n for_o when_o cicero_n use_v the_o expression_n itaque_fw-la tutela_fw-la i_o abdicare_fw-la togito_fw-la brison_n tell_v we_o his_o meaning_n be_v se_fw-la nolle_fw-la esse_fw-la tutorem_fw-la but_o pompenius_fw-la in_o his_o book_n de_fw-fr orig_n juris_fw-la 13._o give_v we_o the_o true_a sense_n of_o this_o phrase_n abdicare_fw-la se_fw-la magistratu_fw-la est_fw-la ante_fw-la tempuâ—_n magistratum_fw-la deponere_fw-la which_o plain_o show_v the_o roman_n have_v no_o notion_n of_o a_o tacit_fw-la or_o imply_v abdication_n of_o a_o charge_n or_o majestracy_n without_o a_o man_n express_a consent_n and_o therefore_o if_o the_o king_n bare_a desertion_n of_o the_o kingdom_n be_v not_o a_o abdication_n of_o the_o throne_n as_o you_o yourself_o be_v force_v to_o grant_v i_o can_v imagine_v how_o the_o king_n violation_n 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he_o for_o his_o misgovernment_n but_o only_o declarative_a to_o pronounce_v and_o declare_v as_o the_o representative_n of_o the_o whole_a nation_n that_o by_o endeavour_v to_o extirpate_v the_o protestant_n religion_n and_o to_o subvert_v the_o fundamental_a law_n and_o liberty_n of_o the_o kingdom_n he_o have_v wilful_o i_o do_v not_o say_v willing_o abdicate_v the_o government_n that_o be_v renounce_v to_o govern_v this_o kingdom_n any_o long_o as_o a_o lawful_a king_n which_o i_o take_v to_o be_v a_o tacit_n or_o imply_v abdication_n of_o it_o as_o i_o have_v already_o prove_v and_o to_o show_v you_o far_o that_o even_o tully_n himself_o allow_v in_o our_o sense_n of_o a_o imply_v abdication_n in_o his_o three_o philippic_n when_o he_o say_v thus_o concern_v mark_n anthony_n that_o for_o his_o offering_n a_o crown_n to_o caesar_n eoâ—die-non_a modo_fw-la consulatu_fw-la sed_fw-la etiam_fw-la libertate_fw-la se_fw-la abâ—itavit_fw-la etc._n etc._n where_o you_o see_v mark_v anthony_n be_v say_v to_o have_v abdion_v the_o consulship_n without_o any_o express_a renunciation_n of_o it_o for_o caesar_n may_v have_v continue_v he_o in_o it_o after_o he_o have_v be_v declare_v emperor_n m._n i_o grant_v your_o authority_n to_o be_v good_a yet_o even_o in_o this_o sense_n this_o abdication_n of_o the_o consulship_n can_v only_o take_v its_o effect_n from_o anthony_n owâ—_n will_v for_o offer_v a_o crown_n to_o caesar_n if_o he_o do_v not_o express_o yet_o he_o effectual_o renounce_v his_o consulship_n for_o have_v caesar_n accept_v in_o he_o can_v no_o long_o have_v be_v the_o consul_n of_o a_o popular_a state_n but_o must_v thenceforth_o have_v act_v by_o authority_n from_o caesar_n or_o not_o at_o all_o but_o then_o this_o will_v not_o have_v agree_v with_o your_o noâ—on_n of_o a_o forfeiture_n which_o always_o suppose_v a_o crime_n and_o a_o deprive_v the_o party_n
those_o affair_n but_o not_o to_o be_v partial_a to_o one_o opinion_n i_o have_v faithful_o recite_v all_o those_o authority_n and_o argument_n make_v use_v of_o by_o the_o author_n of_o the_o treatise_n entitle_v the_o hereditary_a succession_n discuss_v as_o also_o by_o the_o learned_a dr._n brady_n in_o his_o exact_a history_n of_o the_o succession_n of_o the_o crown_n wherein_o those_o author_n endeavour_n to_o prove_v that_o the_o crown_n of_o england_n be_v and_o have_v always_o be_v hereditary_a from_o the_o very_a beginning_n of_o our_o monarchy_n notwithstanding_o the_o many_o and_o various_a breach_n that_o have_v be_v make_v upon_o it_o which_o authority_n and_o argument_n whether_o they_o prove_v the_o matter_n in_o debate_n i_o shall_v leave_v to_o your_o better_a judgement_n but_o hope_v those_o gentleman_n will_v not_o take_v it_o ill_o if_o i_o can_v let_v all_o they_o write_v pass_v for_o clear_a demonstration_n and_o therefore_o have_v take_v upon_o i_o to_o cite_v 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be_v a_o absolute_a conqueror_n and_o to_o have_v alter_v all_o the_o former_a law_n in_o the_o saxon_a time_n and_o if_o so_o sure_o than_o those_o concern_v the_o succession_n of_o the_o crown_n and_o i_o desire_v they_o to_o show_v i_o any_o reason_n if_o he_o and_o his_o descendant_n hold_v the_o kingdom_n as_o absolute_a monarch_n by_o conquest_n why_o they_o may_v not_o bequeath_v or_o make_v it_o over_o as_o be_v justifiable_a in_o patrimonial_a kingdom_n to_o which_o of_o their_o son_n kindred_n or_o relation_n they_o shall_v think_v fit_a and_o if_o so_o what_o will_v then_o become_v of_o this_o fundamental_a right_n of_o a_o lineal_a hereditary_a succession_n and_o beside_o all_o this_o it_o be_v needless_a upon_o another_o account_n since_o i_o have_v already_o prove_v in_o the_o ten_o dialogue_n from_o no_o less_o authority_n than_o k._n alfred_n will_n that_o before_o the_o conquest_n the_o crown_n be_v partly_o testamentary_a and_o partly_o elective_a sometime_o whole_o elective_a as_o in_o k._n edward_n the_o confessor_n and_o whoever_o doubt_v of_o this_o i_o shall_v only_o desire_v they_o to_o read_v impartial_o dr._n brady_n abovementioned_a history_n of_o the_o succession_n and_o then_o i_o shall_v leave_v it_o to_o they_o to_o consider_v whether_o he_o do_v not_o grant_v in_o effect_n what_o he_o take_v upon_o he_o to_o confute_v viz._n that_o there_o be_v no_o lineal_a descent_n of_o the_o crown_n know_v or_o settle_v in_o those_o time_n but_o what_o be_v alterable_a by_o the_o testament_n of_o those_o king_n but_o since_o the_o rest_n of_o this_o discourse_n beside_o the_o enquiry_n into_o bare_a matter_n of_o fact_n be_v chief_o the_o apply_v those_o precedent_n i_o have_v here_o make_v use_n of_o to_o the_o case_n of_o their_o present_a majesty_n i_o hope_v neither_o they_o nor_o any_o that_o wish_v well_o to_o their_o government_n will_v resent_v it_o if_o i_o have_v not_o go_v in_o the_o common_a road_n of_o former_a writer_n in_o 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no_o right_a to_o it_o and_o though_o i_o grant_v that_o the_o empress_n maud_n for_o some_o reason_n we_o be_v not_o able_a to_o give_v a_o true_a account_n of_o never_o take_v upon_o she_o the_o title_n of_o queen_n yet_o it_o be_v very_o certain_a that_o she_o act_v as_o such_o during_o all_o the_o time_n she_o be_v in_o england_n receive_v homage_n and_o fealty_n from_o those_o lord_n and_o other_o who_o come_v over_o to_o her_o side_n and_o also_o grant_v charter_n and_o confer_v honour_n by_o the_o title_n of_o anglorum_fw-la domina_fw-la which_o show_v she_o look_v upon_o herself_o to_o be_v the_o supreme_a governess_n of_o the_o kingdom_n though_o not_o under_o the_o title_n of_o queen_n so_o that_o i_o think_v you_o can_v find_v nothing_o in_o this_o transaction_n that_o can_v support_v your_o notion_n of_o vacancy_n f._n pray_v give_v i_o leave_v to_o answer_v what_o you_o have_v now_o say_v before_o you_o proceed_v far_o first_o i_o can_v excuse_v neither_o king_n stephen_n 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queen_n nor_o do_v she_o ever_o exercise_v those_o great_a prerogative_n of_o sovereign_a power_n viz._n call_v of_o great_a council_n make_v of_o law_n raise_v of_o tax_n or_o coin_v mony_n but_o whereas_o you_o represent_v king_n stephen_n to_o have_v be_v elect_v but_o by_o a_o very_a small_a party_n of_o the_o bishop_n and_o nobleman_n of_o england_n yet_o it_o be_v very_o much_o to_o be_v doubt_v whether_o william_n of_o malmesbury_n who_o dedicate_v his_o history_n to_o robert_n earl_n of_o gloucester_n king_n stephen_n great_a enemy_n be_v no_o friend_n to_o his_o title_n be_v to_o be_v altogether_o credit_v in_o this_o matter_n for_o henry_n of_o huntingdon_n who_o live_v not_o long_o after_o tell_v we_o express_o 386._o that_o omnes_fw-la qui_fw-la sacramentum_fw-la juraverant_fw-la tam_fw-la praesules_fw-la quam_fw-la consules_a &_o principes_fw-la assensum_fw-la stephano_n praebutrunt_fw-la &_o hominium_fw-la fecerunt_fw-la and_o it_o be_v also_o as_o certain_a that_o the_o earl_n of_o gloucester_n and_o chester_n the_o two_o great_a man_n of_o england_n do_v then_o likewise_o swear_v allegiance_n to_o he_o and_o own_o his_o title_n though_o they_o afterward_o revolt_v from_o he_o again_o yet_o can_v they_o do_v nothing_o considerable_a against_o he_o till_o his_o own_o brother_n the_o bishop_n of_o winchester_n revolt_v also_o from_o he_o upon_o pretence_n that_o the_o king_n have_v violate_v the_o right_n of_o the_o church_n and_o though_o it_o be_v true_a that_o after_o the_o empress_n departure_n out_o of_o england_n duke_z henry_n her_o son_n come_v over_o and_o prosecute_v the_o war_n against_o king_n stephen_n yet_o can_v it_o not_o be_v in_o his_o own_o but_o his_o mother_n right_o who_o be_v then_o alive_a nor_o can_v the_o agreement_n you_o mention_v be_v make_v between_o the_o king_n and_o the_o duke_n as_o have_v then_o a_o right_a to_o the_o crown_n in_o his_o own_o person_n since_o we_o read_v of_o no_o concession_n the_o empress_n his_o mother_n have_v make_v to_o he_o of_o it_o and_o therefore_o whatever_o title_n henry_n can_v claim_v thereunto_o upon_o the_o death_n of_o king_n stephen_n it_o be_v whole_o due_a to_o this_o king_n adopt_v he_o for_o his_o son_n 282._o and_o declare_v he_o his_o successor_n upon_o condition_n that_o he_o himself_o shall_v enjoy_v the_o crown_n during_o his_o life_n which_o agreement_n be_v solemn_o confirm_v and_o ratify_v and_o that_o by_o oath_n in_o a_o full_a assembly_n of_o all_o the_o bishop_n lord_n and_o great_a man_n of_o the_o kingdom_n for_o ordericus_n vitalis_n in_o his_o annal_n p._n 989._o be_v very_o express_v in_o the_o manner_n of_o this_o great_a transaction_n in_o these_o word_n sic_fw-la tamen_fw-la in_o praesentiarum_fw-la ipse_fw-la rex_fw-la &_o caeteri_fw-la potentes_fw-la sacramento_n â—irmarent_fw-la quod_fw-la dux_n post_fw-la mortem_fw-la regis_fw-la si_fw-la tempore_fw-la eum_fw-la superviveret_fw-la pacifice_fw-la &_o araque_a contâ—adâ—ctione_n regnum_fw-la haberet_fw-la therefore_o as_o long_o as_o the_o empress_n maud_n live_v who_o die_v after_o her_o son_n king_n henry_n come_v to_o the_o crown_n '_o â—is_n plain_a he_o can_v have_v no_o hereditary_a right_o to_o it_o notwithstanding_o what_o matthew_n paris_n and_o matthew_n westminster_z who_o live_v long_o after_o these_o transaction_n have_v say_v to_o the_o contrary_a and_o therein_o be_v to_o be_v look_v upon_o as_o author_n that_o speak_v their_o own_o sense_n rather_o than_o that_o of_o the_o writer_n of_o those_o time_n m._n i_o confess_v what_o you_o have_v urge_v in_o this_o matter_n concern_v duke_n henry_n be_v admit_v as_o heir_n of_o the_o kingdom_n during_o the_o life_n of_o his_o mother_n the_o empress_n maud_n seem_v to_o the_o purpose_n and_o there_o can_v be_v nothing_o say_v against_o it_o but_o that_o this_o be_v do_v by_o the_o concession_n of_o the_o empress_n herself_o who_o surrender_v all_o her_o pretension_n to_o her_o son_n though_o we_o 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be_v a_o man_n and_o better_o acquaint_v with_o england_n and_o have_v the_o interest_n of_o the_o archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n and_o most_o of_o the_o great_a man_n be_v of_o his_o party_n and_o yet_o for_o all_o that_o hoveden_n who_o be_v alive_a at_o this_o time_n speak_v not_o a_o word_n of_o his_o be_v elect_v but_o only_o that_o upon_o his_o come_n into_o england_n he_o be_v receive_v by_o the_o nobility_n and_o crown_v by_o hubert_n archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n so_o that_o there_o be_v not_o one_o word_n there_o of_o any_o election_n by_o but_o only_o a_o submission_n from_o the_o lord_n spiritual_a and_o temporal_a to_o king_n john_n and_o a_o recognition_n that_o he_o be_v their_o king_n nor_o indeed_o can_v he_o need_v it_o if_o it_o be_v true_a what_o the_o same_o author_n tell_v we_o that_o when_o king_n richard_n despared_a of_o life_n 449._o he_o devise_v to_o john_n his_o brother_n the_o kingdom_n of_o england_n and_o all_o his_o other_o land_n and_o cause_v all_o 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mistake_v in_o this_o great_a point_n and_o may_v have_v also_o give_v occasion_n to_o divers_a other_o of_o his_o profession_n to_o fall_v into_o the_o same_o error_n f._n i_o doubt_v not_o but_o my_o lord_n coke_n and_o other_o of_o his_o profession_n who_o maintain_v the_o same_o opinion_n may_v very_o well_o be_v defend_v as_o well_o from_o that_o statute_n as_o other_o authority_n but_o to_o pass_v by_o that_o at_o present_a i_o shall_v first_o discourse_v with_o you_o upon_o this_o point_n of_o the_o lawfulness_n of_o take_v this_o oath_n to_o their_o present_a majesty_n king_n william_n and_o queen_n mary_n and_o therefore_o you_o misunderstand_v i_o if_o you_o believe_v that_o i_o think_v this_o oath_n do_v require_v from_o you_o the_o performance_n of_o all_o those_o duty_n of_o allegiance_n and_o subjection_n which_o i_o myself_o be_o oblige_v to_o who_o be_o full_o satisfy_v of_o their_o title_n and_o therefore_o must_v venture_v my_o life_n and_o fortune_n in_o their_o quarrel_n to_o the_o utmost_a of_o my_o power_n against_o all_o person_n whatsoever_o but_o all_o that_o i_o think_v can_v be_v require_v of_o you_o be_v that_o whereas_o king_n william_n and_o queen_n mary_n be_v actual_o in_o possession_n of_o the_o regal_a power_n so_o long_o as_o they_o continue_v thus_o possess_v of_o it_o you_o may_v i_o think_v swear_v that_o you_o will_v be_v so_o far_o true_a and_o faithful_a to_o they_o as_o not_o to_o enterprise_v any_o thing_n against_o they_o but_o that_o you_o will_v pay_v they_o that_o obedience_n and_o submission_n which_o may_v be_v lawful_o pay_v to_o a_o actual_a sovereign_n not_o engage_v hereby_o to_o uphold_v they_o in_o the_o possession_n of_o the_o throne_n against_o king_n james_n and_o without_o debar_v yourself_o from_o exert_v that_o allegiance_n you_o have_v swear_v to_o he_o upon_o any_o emergent_a safe_a opportunity_n for_o the_o recovery_n of_o his_o right_n m._n i_o must_v beg_v your_o pardon_n if_o i_o can_v assent_v to_o take_v this_o oath_n in_o this_o low_a and_o qualify_a sense_n that_o you_o will_v now_o put_v upon_o it_o since_o beside_o the_o signification_n of_o the_o word_n themselves_o i_o be_o very_a well_o satisfy_v that_o the_o imposer_n of_o this_o oath_n do_v intend_v something_o more_o than_o a_o bare_a negative_a obedience_n to_o the_o present_a power_n since_o it_o be_v the_o only_a oath_n which_o be_v require_v from_o those_o who_o take_v employment_n either_o civil_a or_o military_a and_o from_o who_o certain_o not_o only_o a_o passive_a obedience_n or_o submission_n but_o also_o a_o active_a obedience_n and_o assistance_n be_v require_v in_o defend_v the_o crown_n and_o dignity_n of_o the_o present_a king_n and_o queen_n de_fw-fr facto_fw-la with_o their_o life_n and_o fortune_n against_o all_o person_n whatsoever_o or_o else_o how_o can_v the_o present_a government_n ever_o trust_v they_o and_o all_o this_o can_v be_v swear_v to_o without_o a_o breach_n of_o that_o oath_n they_o have_v former_o take_v to_o king_n james_n and_o therefore_o if_o i_o shall_v take_v it_o in_o this_o sense_n as_o the_o oath_n itself_o seem_v to_o employ_v i_o shall_v be_v perjure_v beside_o by_o these_o word_n of_o be_v true_a and_o faithful_a i_o shall_v look_v upon_o myself_o as_o oblige_v to_o reveal_v all_o plot_n and_o conspiracy_n which_o i_o may_v any_o way_n happen_v to_o know_v of_o against_o king_n william_n and_o queen_n mary_n which_o i_o think_v will_v be_v derogatory_n to_o my_o allegiance_n to_o his_o majesty_n since_o i_o shall_v thereby_o discover_v and_o accuse_v such_o of_o his_o good_a subject_n as_o endeavour_v to_o restore_v he_o and_o shall_v thereby_o hinder_v he_o as_o much_o as_o in_o i_o lay_v from_o be_v restore_v again_o to_o the_o throne_n but_o if_o we_o consider_v the_o word_n allegiance_n it_o be_v yet_o more_o strict_a and_o if_o i_o shall_v perform_v it_o to_o king_n william_n and_o queen_n mary_n according_a to_o the_o true_a intent_n and_o legal_a sense_n of_o that_o word_n i_o think_v it_o can_v no_o way_n consist_v with_o that_o oath_n of_o allegiance_n i_o have_v already_o take_v since_o allegiance_n be_v thus_o explain_v in_o the_o next_o follow_v word_n of_o the_o oath_n i_o have_v already_o take_v and_o he_o and_o they_o viz._n the_o king_n and_o his_o heir_n i_o will_v defend_v to_o the_o utmost_a of_o my_o power_n against_o all_o conspiracy_n and_o attempt_n whatsoever_o that_o shall_v be_v make_v against_o he_o or_o their_o person_n crown_n and_o dignity_n now_o what_o kind_n of_o assistance_n be_v here_o mean_v by_o the_o word_n defend_v may_v be_v understand_v from_o all_o the_o writer_n of_o our_o feudal_a law_n 15._o who_o expound_v the_o jus_o defensorium_fw-la by_o tell_v we_o that_o the_o word_n protegere_fw-la imply_v a_o necessity_n of_o defend_v by_o arm_n as_o due_a from_o the_o supreme_a lord_n or_o sovereign_n and_o further_o that_o subject_n be_v in_o the_o same_o sense_n reciprocal_o bind_v to_o defend_v the_o honour_n and_o dignity_n of_o their_o sovereign_n and_o these_o word_n allegiance_n and_o the_o defence_n that_o follow_v it_o may_v be_v likewise_o understand_v from_o our_o feudal_a law_n whereby_o the_o vassal_n be_v bind_v by_o their_o oath_n of_o allegiance_n as_o also_o by_o virtue_n of_o the_o tenure_n of_o their_o land_n to_o a_o military_a defence_n of_o their_o supreme_a lord_n the_o king_n from_o who_o all_o the_o land_n in_o england_n be_v hold_v and_o this_o be_v according_a to_o glanvil_n and_o all_o our_o old_a lawyer_n and_o though_o i_o grant_v that_o military_a tenor_n be_v all_o now_o take_v away_o by_o a_o late_a statute_n yet_o be_o i_o still_o oblige_v to_o the_o like_a defence_n of_o the_o king_n and_o his_o heir_n not_o only_o from_o the_o word_n of_o this_o oath_n but_o from_o the_o municipal_a law_n of_o this_o kingdom_n also_o which_o oblige_v all_o the_o subject_n that_o be_v capable_a to_o take_v up_o arm_n for_o the_o king_n when_o need_n shall_v require_v which_o my_o be_n thus_o further_o prove_v first_o from_o the_o ancient_a law_n of_o edward_n the_o confessor_n 52._o and_o william_n the_o conqueror_n by_o both_o which_o all_o the_o people_n or_o freemen_n of_o the_o kingdom_n be_v to_o affirm_v upon_o their_o faith_n and_o oath_n within_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n and_o without_o that_o they_o will_v be_v faithful_a to_o to_o their_o sovereign_a lord_n king_n william_n and_o every_o where_o preserve_v his_o land_n and_o honour_n with_o all_o fidelity_n ibid._n and_o with_o he_o will_v defend_v they_o against_o all_o his_o enemy_n to_o this_o succeed_v that_o which_o the_o lord_n coke_n call_v legal_a ligeance_n 14._o or_o the_o common-law-oath_n of_o allegiance_n which_o he_o cite_v out_o of_o britton_n who_o write_v under_o edward_n i._o which_o all_o the_o subject_n be_v oblige_v to_o take_v at_o twelve_o year_n of_o age_n at_o the_o sheriffs-court_n and_o at_o the_o leete_n and_o without_o the_o take_n of_o which_o they_o have_v no_o warrant_n to_o abide_v in_o the_o kingdom_n and_o the_o form_n of_o it_o be_v this_o effect_n you_o shall_v swear_v that_o from_o this_o day_n forward_o you_o shall_v be_v true_a and_o faithful_a to_o our_o sovereign_a lord_n the_o king_n and_o his_o heir_n and_o truth_n and_o faith_n shall_v bear_v of_o life_n and_o member_n and_o terrene_a honour_n and_o you_o shall_v neither_o know_v nor_o hear_v of_o any_o ill_a or_o damage_n which_o you_o shall_v not_o defend_v that_o be_v oppose_v to_o the_o utmost_a of_o your_o power_n and_o my_o lord_n coke_n also_o here_o inform_v we_o that_o five_o thing_n be_v observe_v by_o all_o the_o judge_n from_o this_o oath_n in_o the_o debate_n of_o calvin_n case_n first_o that_o for_o the_o time_n of_o its_o obligation_n it_o be_v indefinite_a and_o without_o limit_n second_o two_o excellent_a quality_n be_v require_v that_o be_v to_o be_v true_a and_o faithful_a three_o to_o who_o to_o our_o sovereign_a lord_n the_o king_n and_o his_o heir_n four_o in_o what_o manner_n and_o say_v and_o troth_n shall_v bear_v of_o life_n and_o member_n that_o be_v until_o the_o let_v out_o the_o last_o drop_n of_o our_o dear_a heart_n blood_n five_o where_o and_o in_o what_o place_n in_o all_o place_n whatsoever_o for_o you_o shall_v neither_o know_v nor_o hear_v of_o any_o ill_n which_o you_o shall_v not_o defend_v such_o be_v the_o ligeance_n which_o the_o law_n have_v prescribe_v in_o that_o ancient_a oath_n which_o be_v still_o in_o force_n it_o be_v neither_o circumscribe_v by_o time_n nor_o place_n it_o be_v unconditionate_n and_o unreserved_a it_o be_v not_o a_o lazy_a passive_a allegiance_n require_v nothing_o but_o pure_a submission_n but_o a_o active_a and_o vigorous_a loyalty_n exact_v all_o that_o be_v in_o the_o sphere_n of_o moral_a possibility_n and_o engage_v we_o to_o
a_o act_n of_o parliament_n which_o be_v make_v indefinite_o without_o fix_v it_o to_o any_o time_n or_o person_n the_o word_n in_o the_o act_n be_v the_o king_n for_o the_o time_n be_v which_o must_v certain_o extend_v to_o any_o other_o king_n as_o well_o as_o henry_n the_o viith_o for_o i_o suppose_v that_o a_o act_n of_o parliament_n and_o a_o deed_n agree_v in_o this_o that_o a_o unnecessary_a clause_n can_v by_o no_o mean_n render_v the_o whole_a void_a but_o as_o for_o what_o you_o say_v in_o relation_n to_o this_o act_n be_v a_o security_n for_o the_o title_n of_o the_o queen_n and_o her_o child_n who_o you_o suppose_v to_o be_v the_o right_a heir_n of_o the_o crown_n this_o rather_o serve_v to_o strengthen_v the_o act_n than_o otherwise_o for_o if_o this_o king_n have_v a_o good_a title_n in_o her_o right_n than_o it_o may_v be_v also_o very_a well_o suppose_v that_o she_o give_v her_o assent_n to_o this_o act_n in_o the_o person_n of_o her_o husband_n and_o that_o not_o for_o the_o benefit_n but_o to_o the_o prejudice_n of_o she_o own_o issue_n since_o if_o after_o her_o death_n which_o happen_v some_o year_n before_o he_o her_o son_n henry_n prince_n of_o wales_n have_v set_v up_o his_o present_a title_n to_o the_o crown_n in_o the_o right_n of_o his_o mother_n and_o so_o will_v have_v dethrone_v his_o father_n as_o a_o usurper_n i_o suppose_v no_o reasonable_a man_n will_v deny_v but_o that_o this_o act_n will_v have_v indemnify_v all_o those_o who_o have_v take_v up_o arm_n in_o defence_n of_o king_n henry_n the_o viith_o against_o his_o son_n though_o in_o your_o sense_n king_n de_fw-la jure_fw-la and_o if_o it_o will_v justify_v the_o subject_n then_o i_o can_v see_v why_o it_o may_v not_o do_v the_o same_o thing_n now_o in_o their_o swear_a allegiance_n nay_o fight_v for_o the_o king_n in_o possession_n against_o he_o who_o we_o will_v for_o the_o present_a suppose_n to_o be_v king_n de_fw-fr jure_fw-la m._n well_o however_o i_o think_v i_o can_v prove_v that_o this_o act_n be_v no_o more_o than_o temporary_a from_o the_o judgement_n of_o the_o judge_n in_o the_o case_n of_o john_n duke_n of_o northumberland_n 56._o who_o when_o he_o be_v try_v for_o treason_n for_o lead_v a_o army_n against_o queen_n mary_n to_o settle_v the_o lady_n jane_n grace_n in_o the_o throne_n desire_v to_o be_v inform_v by_o the_o judge_n whether_o a_o man_n act_v by_o the_o authority_n of_o the_o great_a seal_n and_o the_o order_n of_o the_o privy_a council_n or_o prince_n council_n as_o stow_z and_o heylin_n word_n it_o can_v become_v thereby_o guilty_a of_o treason_n to_o which_o all_o the_o judge_n answer_v that_o the_o great_a seal_n of_o one_o that_o be_v not_o lawful_a queen_n can_v give_v no_o authority_n or_o indemnity_n to_o those_o that_o act_v by_o such_o a_o warrant_n upon_o which_o the_o duke_n submit_v though_o without_o question_n he_o do_v not_o want_v lawyer_n to_o enforce_v his_o plea_n with_o this_o statute_n likewise_o if_o his_o cause_n will_v have_v bear_v it_o from_o whence_o i_o infer_v against_o sir_n edward_n coke_n that_o treason_n lie_v against_o a_o king_n de_fw-fr jure_fw-la though_o out_o of_o possession_n for_o it_o be_v plain_a by_o all_o our_o historian_n that_o queen_n mary_n be_v so_o far_o from_o be_v possess_v of_o the_o crown_n when_o the_o duke_n of_o northumberland_n act_v against_o she_o that_o the_o lady_n jane_n be_v not_o only_o proclaim_v queen_n in_o london_n and_o most_o of_o all_o the_o city_n and_o great_a town_n in_o england_n but_o the_o tower_n of_o london_n with_o all_o the_o fort_n and_o naval_a force_n be_v under_o her_o command_n and_o she_o have_v also_o allegiance_n swear_v to_o she_o by_o the_o privy-council_n and_o by_o the_o lord_n mayor_n and_o alderman_n and_o she_o have_v also_o the_o seal_n in_o her_o power_n by_o which_o all_o patent_n and_o commission_n be_v grant_v and_o issue_v in_o her_o name_n and_o if_o all_o this_o be_v not_o sufficient_a to_o constitute_v her_o queen_n de_fw-fr facto_fw-la according_a to_o this_o statute_n of_o henry_n the_o viith_o i_o know_v not_o what_o be_v f._n yet_o i_o can_v tell_v you_o what_o be_v yet_o want_v which_o because_o she_o have_v not_o she_o be_v certain_o neither_o queen_n de_fw-fr jure_fw-la nor_o de_fw-la facto_fw-la and_o that_o be_v a_o solemn_a coronation_n and_o recognition_n of_o she_o right_o by_o parliament_n which_o legal_a investiture_n since_o she_o never_o have_v she_o be_v not_o the_o queen_n for_o the_o time_n be_v and_o consequent_o not_o intend_v within_o this_o statute_n of_o the_o 11_o of_o henry_n the_o viith_o for_o though_o it_o be_v true_a she_o be_v appoint_v successor_n of_o the_o crown-by_a the_o letter_n patent_n of_o king_n edward_n the_o vith_o yet_o since_o she_o can_v not_o claim_v by_o right_a of_o blood_n there_o be_v so_o many_o before_o she_o all_o the_o kingdom_n look_v upon_o it_o as_o a_o usurpation_n and_o a_o artifice_n of_o the_o duke_n of_o northumberland_n 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since_o if_o the_o bare_a coronation_n and_o recognition_n by_o parliament_n can_v confer_v a_o legal_a right_n to_o the_o crown_n upon_o one_o who_o have_v no_o hereditary_a right_n to_o it_o before_o the_o consequence_n of_o it_o will_v be_v that_o the_o crown_n will_v be_v so_o far_o from_o be_v elective_a as_o you_o suppose_v it_o to_o have_v ancient_o be_v that_o it_o will_v be_v in_o the_o power_n of_o every_o bold_a usurper_n or_o rebel_n who_o have_v but_o the_o confidence_n to_o call_v himself_o king_n to_o gain_v a_o legal_a title_n to_o be_v so_o according_a to_o your_o principle_n and_o then_o if_o oliver_n cromwell_n can_v have_v find_v a_o party_n strong_a enough_o in_o the_o army_n to_o have_v declare_v he_o king_n and_o have_v call_v a_o parliament_n in_o his_o own_o name_n who_o have_v recognise_v he_o for_o their_o lawful_a sovereign_n he_o will_v then_o have_v have_v as_o much_o right_n to_o our_o allegiance_n as_o king_n charles_n the_o iid_n which_o certain_o be_v not_o only_o contrary_a to_o the_o settlement_n of_o the_o crown_n upon_o henry_n the_o viith_o and_o the_o heir_n of_o his_o body_n but_o also_o to_o that_o solemn_a recognition_n of_o king_n james_n the_o first_o title_n as_o lineal_o descend_v as_o right_a heir_n to_o the_o say_a king_n henry_n which_o i_o insist_v on_o at_o our_o last_o meet_v and_o therefore_o if_o you_o will_v have_v my_o sense_n of_o this_o act_n it_o be_v either_o expire_v for_o the_o reason_n i_o have_v already_o give_v or_o else_o be_v void_a ab_fw-la initio_fw-la since_o it_o be_v not_o only_o contrary_a to_o the_o settle_a course_n of_o succession_n of_o the_o crown_n according_a to_o the_o law_n of_o lineal_a descent_n for_o divers_a hundred_o year_n last_o pass_v but_o
his_o death_n but_o shall_v have_v his_o portion_n present_o and_o be_v go_v and_o farther_o we_o read_v 147._o gen._n 25.5_o 6._o that_o abraham_n give_v all_o that_o he_o have_v unto_o isaac_n but_o unto_o the_o son_n of_o the_o concubine_n which_o abraham_n have_v abraham_n give_v gift_n and_o send_v they_o away_o from_o isaac_n his_o son_n while_o he_o yet_o live_v that_o be_v abraham_n have_v give_v portion_n to_o all_o his_o other_o son_n and_o send_v they_o away_o that_o which_o he_o have_v reserve_v be_v the_o great_a part_n of_o his_o substance_n isaac_n as_o heir_n possess_v after_o his_o death_n but_o by_o be_v heir_n he_o have_v no_o right_a to_o be_v lord_n over_o his_o brethren_n for_o if_o he_o have_v why_o shall_v sarah_n desire_v to_o rob_v he_o of_o one_o of_o his_o subject_n or_o slave_n by_o desire_v to_o have_v he_o send_v away_o so_o likewise_o if_o you_o look_v into_o the_o first_o of_o chron._n chap._n 5._o v._n 12._o you_o will_v find_v a_o place_n that_o plain_o confirm_v this_o interpretation_n where_o it_o be_v say_v 148._o reuben_n be_v the_o first-born_a but_o for_o as_o much_o as_o he_o defile_v his_o father_n bed_n his_o birthright_n be_v give_v unto_o the_o son_n of_o joseph_n the_o son_n of_o israel_n and_o the_o genealogy_n be_v not_o to_o be_v reckon_v after_o the_o birthright_n for_o judah_n prevail_v above_o his_o brethren_n and_o of_o he_o come_v the_o chief_a ruler_n but_o the_o birthright_n be_v joseph_n though_o he_o be_v the_o young_a son_n and_o that_o this_o birth_n right_o be_v iacob_n blessing_n on_o joseph_n gen._n 58.28_o tell_v we_o in_o these_o word_n moreover_o i_o have_v give_v thou_o one_o portion_n above_o thy_o brethren_n which_o i_o take_v out_o of_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o amorites_n with_o my_o sword_n '_o and_o with_o my_o bow_n whereby_o it_o be_v not_o only_o plain_a that_o the_o birthright_n be_v nothing_o but_o a_o double_a portion_n but_o the_o text_n in_o chronicle_n be_v express_o against_o your_o opinion_n and_o show_v that_o dominion_n be_v no_o part_n of_o the_o birthright_n for_o it_o tell_v we_o that_o joseph_n have_v the_o birthright_n but_o judah_n the_o dominion_n so_o that_o unless_o you_o be_v very_o fond_a of_o this_o word_n birthright_n without_o consider_v in_o what_o sense_n it_o be_v to_o be_v take_v you_o will_v never_o bring_v this_o instance_n of_o jacob_n and_o esau_n to_o prove_v that_o dominion_n belong_v to_o the_o elder_a son_n over_o his_o brethren_n for_o if_o this_o blessing_n of_o isaac_n upon_o jacob_n signify_v any_o thing_n more_o than_o this_o it_o can_v not_o relate_v to_o his_o own_o person_n who_o never_o rule_v over_o his_o brother_n at_o all_o and_o therefore_o it_o be_v at_o most_o no_o more_o than_o a_o prophecy_n show_v that_o the_o jew_n as_o be_v descend_v from_o jacob_n shall_v in_o after-times_a rule_n over_o the_o edomite_n or_o posterity_n of_o esau_n according_a to_o what_o rebekah_n have_v be_v foretell_v from_o god_n two_o nation_n be_v in_o thy_o womb_n 25.23_o and_o two_o manner_n of_o people_n shall_v be_v separate_v from_o thy_o bowel_n and_o the_o one_o people_n shaâ—l_v be_v strong_a than_o the_o other_o people_n and_o the_o elder_a shall_v serve_v the_o young_a and_o so_o jacob_n bless_v judah_n and_o give_v he_o though_o not_o in_o his_o own_o person_n but_o in_o his_o posterity_n the_o sceptre_n and_o dominion_n from_o whence_o you_o may_v have_v argue_v as_o well_o that_o the_o dominion_n belong_v to_o the_o three_o son_n over_o his_o brethren_n as_o well_o as_o from_o this_o blessing_n of_o isaac_n that_o it_o belong_v to_o jacob_n they_o be_v both_o but_o prediction_n of_o what_o shall_v long_v after_o happen_v to_o their_o posterity_n and_o not_o declare_v any_o hereditary_a right_n of_o dominion_n in_o either_o jacob_n or_o judah_n m._n i_o will_v not_o rigorous_o insist_v that_o primogeniture_n be_v such_o a_o divine_a right_o as_o can_v be_v alter_v by_o any_o humane_a act_n or_o constitution_n but_o yet_o i_o take_v it_o to_o be_v such_o a_o right_n that_o without_o the_o father_n order_v it_o otherwise_o 68_o in_o his_o life-time_n or_o that_o the_o elder_a brother_n do_v of_o his_o own_o accord_n depart_v from_o his_o right_n he_o will_v have_v a_o good_a title_n to_o his_o father_n government_n or_o kingdom_n and_o consequent_o to_o command_v over_o the_o rest_n of_o his_o brethren_n and_o therefore_o grotius_n make_v a_o great_a deal_n of_o difference_n between_o hereditary_a and_o patrimonial_a kingdom_n the_o former_a be_v to_o descend_v to_o the_o elder_a son_n only_o but_o the_o latter_a be_v divisible_a among_o all_o the_o son_n if_o the_o father_n please_v and_o hence_o i_o suppose_v it_o be_v that_o as_o mankind_n increase_v one_o petty_a kingdom_n grow_v out_o of_o another_o 12._o thus_o the_o land_n of_o canaan_n which_o be_v people_v by_o six_o son_n of_o canaan_n and_o philistim_o the_o son_n of_o mizraim_n have_v eight_o or_o nine_o king_n in_o the_o time_n of_o abraham_n and_o above_o thirty_o king_n in_o ioshua_n time_n which_o can_v proceed_v from_o no_o other_o cause_n but_o the_o father_n divide_v their_o kingdom_n in_o their_o lifetime_n or_o at_o their_o death_n among_o their_o son_n and_o descendant_n for_o we_o hear_v not_o of_o one_o tittle_n of_o popular_a election_n in_o those_o early_a day_n and_o i_o have_v proof_n enough_o of_o this_o in_o scripture_n since_o thus_o we_o find_v it_o to_o have_v be_v among_o the_o son_n of_o ishmael_n 40._o and_o esau_n as_o appear_v by_o gen._n 25_o and_o 26._o where_o it_o be_v say_v these_o be_v the_o son_n of_o ishmael_n and_o these_o be_v their_o name_n by_o their_o castle_n and_o town_n etc._n etc._n twelve_o prince_n of_o their_o tribe_n and_o family_n and_o these_o be_v the_o name_n of_o the_o duke_n that_o come_v of_o esau_n according_a to_o their_o family_n and_o their_o place_n by_o their_o nation_n and_o hence_o it_o be_v that_o in_o after_o age_n prince_n do_v often_o divide_v their_o kingdom_n among_o their_o child_n of_o which_o you_o may_v see_v divers_a example_n in_o grotius_n de_fw-fr i._n b._n l._n two_o cap._n 7._o which_o division_n 12._o when_o make_v and_o submit_v to_o by_o the_o elder_a son_n i_o doubt_v not_o but_o be_v good_a yet_o i_o think_v it_o can_v be_v deny_v for_o all_o this_o that_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n or_o nation_n where_o there_o be_v no_o will_n of_o the_o father_n declare_v to_o the_o contrary_a the_o elder_a son_n ought_v to_o inherit_v and_o this_o be_v the_o judgement_n not_o only_o of_o christian_a but_o heathen_a writer_n thus_o herodotus_n the_o most_o ancient_a greek_a historian_n polym_n lay_v it_o down_o for_o a_o general_a custom_n of_o all_o people_n or_o nation_n that_o the_o elder_a son_n shall_v enjoy_v the_o empire_n and_o the_o roman_n be_v likewise_o of_o this_o opinion_n and_o therefore_o livy_n when_o he_o speak_v of_o two_o brother_n of_o the_o allâ—broges_n contend_v for_o the_o kingdom_n say_v the_o young_a be_v more_o strong_a in_o force_n than_o right_o and_o in_o another_o place_n he_o call_v this_o right_n of_o the_o elder_a son_n the_o right_a of_o age_n and_o nature_n as_o also_o do_v trogus_n pompaeius_fw-la in_o his_o epitome_n of_o justine_n l.xi._n when_o he_o call_v it_o the_o right_n of_o nation_n and_o in_o another_o place_n a_o right_a of_o nature_n when_o he_o say_v l.ii._n that_o artabazanes_n the_o elder_a son_n of_o the_o king_n of_o persia_n challenge_v the_o kingdom_n himself_o which_o the_o order_n of_o his_o birth_n and_o nature_n itself_o appoint_v among_o nation_n i_o can_v give_v you_o many_o other_o authority_n from_o more_o modern_a author_n but_o i_o rather_o choose_v to_o give_v you_o these_o because_o you_o can_v except_v against_o they_o as_o writer_n prepossess_v by_o either_o jewish_a or_o christian_a principle_n so_o that_o if_o this_o right_n of_o primogeniture_n be_v not_o absolute_o divine_a yet_o it_o be_v at_o least_o most_o natural_a and_o reasonable_a f._n i_o see_v you_o be_v convince_v that_o this_o divine_a right_n of_o primogeniture_n be_v not_o to_o be_v prove_v out_o of_o scripture_n and_o therefore_o you_o be_v content_v to_o fall_v a_o peg_n low_a and_o to_o take_v up_o with_o the_o right_n of_o eldership_n by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n or_o nation_n which_o howsoever_o you_o be_v please_v to_o confound_v they_o be_v for_o all_o that_o two_o distinct_a thing_n for_o if_o the_o succession_n of_o the_o elder_a son_n be_v by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n it_o be_v no_o more_o to_o be_v alter_v by_o the_o will_n of_o a_o father_n than_o the_o law_n of_o god_n itself_o and_o therefore_o notwithstanding_o all_o your_o quotation_n your_o right_n of_o primogeniture_n amount_v to_o no_o more_o than_o this_o
be_v force_v to_o fly_v into_o scotland_n and_o 〈◊〉_d to_o have_v defend_v himself_o with_o 1000_o or_o 1500_o of_o his_o tenant_n and_o follower_n though_o without_o fight_v the_o king_n force_n that_o shall_v have_v be_v seâ—â—_n against_o he_o but_o fly_v into_o the_o highland_n and_o have_v there_o maintain_v himself_o as_o david_n do_v by_o free_a quarter_n or_o contribution_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n till_o his_o father_n die_v will_v not_o this_o have_v be_v cry_v out_o upon_o in_o all_o the_o pulpit_n in_o england_n as_o a_o most_o horrid_a rebellion_n of_o a_o son_n and_o a_o subject_a against_o his_o king_n and_o father_n though_o he_o have_v never_o do_v any_o act_n of_o hostility_n against_o his_o force_n but_o always_o 〈◊〉_d from_o they_o and_o yet_o he_o be_v heir_n apparent_a to_o the_o crown_n may_v have_v plead_v as_o well_o as_o david_n that_o he_o keep_v these_o soldier_n about_o he_o only_o to_o keep_v himself_o from_o be_v murder_v by_o those_o officious_a person_n who_o his_o father_n or_o uncle_n may_v send_v to_o apprehend_v he_o and_o to_o have_v such_o a_o retinue_n of_o valiant_a man_n about_o he_o as_o may_v render_v his_o advancement_n to_o the_o throne_n more_o easy_a when_o ever_o his_o father_n shall_v die_v i_o shall_v not_o urge_v as_o a_o far_a proof_n of_o the_o lawfulness_n of_o david_n resistance_n of_o saul_n force_n his_o intention_n to_o have_v slay_v in_o keilah_n and_o to_o have_v fortify_v it_o against_o saul_n have_v not_o he_o be_v inform_v that_o the_o man_n of_o that_o city_n will_v have_v save_v themselves_o by_o deliver_v he_o up_o to_o saul_n 23._o since_o i_o confess_v it_o do_v not_o certain_o appear_v by_o the_o text_n whether_o david_n will_v have_v stay_v any_o long_a there_o than_o till_o saul_n have_v approach_v near_o to_o that_o place_n whether_o the_o keilite_n will_v have_v deliver_v he_o up_o or_o not_o much_o less_o shall_v i_o urge_v that_o other_o example_n which_o some_o man_n make_v use_v of_o of_o david_n go_v to_o the_o last_o battle_n against_o saul_n with_o achish_n king_n of_o the_o philistine_n for_o though_o it_o be_v plain_a he_o march_v with_o they_o as_o far_o as_o apbek_n in_o the_o tribe_n of_o issachar_n yet_o i_o confess_v it_o be_v not_o certain_a whether_o he_o real_o intend_v to_o have_v assist_v they_o or_o not_o in_o this_o war_n against_o his_o country_n since_o he_o may_v either_o have_v go_v over_o to_o saul_n at_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o battle_n or_o else_o have_v stand_v neuter_n though_o neither_o of_o they_o will_v have_v be_v very_o honourable_a or_o consonant_a with_o david_n character_n therefore_o i_o shall_v say_v nothing_o of_o this_o since_o the_o lord_n of_o the_o philistine_n for_o fear_n he_o shall_v prove_v aâ—_n adversary_n to_o they_o in_o the_o battle_n make_v he_o retire_v again_o into_o the_o land_n of_o the_o philistine_n 4.8_o though_o he_o seem_v to_o be_v very_o much_o trouble_v to_o be_v so_o disinherit_v that_o he_o may_v not_o fight_v against_o the_o enemy_n of_o that_o king_n who_o have_v so_o good_a a_o opinion_n of_o he_o and_o therefore_o i_o pray_v will_v you_o proceed_v to_o those_o other_o example's_n you_o have_v to_o produce_v out_o of_o the_o old_a testament_n m._n well_o since_o you_o be_v not_o full_o satisfy_v with_o this_o instance_n of_o david_n though_o i_o be_o glad_a you_o allow_v the_o person_n even_o of_o tyrannical_a prince_n to_o be_v sacred_a therefore_o to_o proceed_v in_o the_o story_n solomon_n who_o succeed_v david_n in_o his_o kingdom_n 38._o do_v all_o those_o thing_n which_o god_n have_v express_o forbid_v the_o king_n to_o do_v he_o send_v into_o egypt_n for_o horse_n he_o multiply_v wife_n and_o love_v many_o strange_a woman_n together_o with_o the_o daughter_n of_o pharaoh_n woman_n of_o the_o moabite_n 11.1.10.27_o ammonite_n etc._n etc._n he_o multiply_v silver_n and_o gold_n for_o this_o god_n who_o be_v the_o only_a judge_n of_o sovereign_a prince_n be_v very_o angry_a with_o he_o and_o threaten_v to_o rend_v the_o kingdom_n from_o he_o which_o be_v afterward_o accomplish_v in_o the_o day_n of_o rehoboam_n but_o yet_o this_o do_v not_o give_v authority_n to_o his_o subject_n to_o rebel_n if_o to_o be_v under_o the_o direction_n and_o obligation_n of_o law_n make_v a_o limit_a monarchy_n it_o be_v certain_a the_o kingdom_n of_o israel_n be_v so_o there_o be_v some_o thing_n which_o the_o king_n be_v express_o forbid_v to_o do_v as_o you_o have_v already_o hear_v and_o the_o law_n of_o moses_n be_v to_o be_v the_o rule_n of_o his_o government_n the_o stand_a law_n of_o his_o kingdom_n and_o therefore_o he_o be_v command_v when_o he_o come_v to_o the_o throne_n to_o write_v a_o copy_n of_o the_o law_n with_o his_o own_o hand_n 20._o and_o to_o read_v in_o it_o all_o his_o day_n that_o he_o may_v learn_v to_o fear_v the_o lord_n his_o god_n and_o to_o keep_v all_o the_o word_n of_o this_o law_n and_o these_o statute_n to_o do_v they_o and_o yet_o be_v a_o sovereign_a prince_n if_o he_o break_v these_o law_n god_n be_v his_o judge_n and_o avenger_n but_o he_o be_v accountable_a to_o no_o earthly_a tribunal_n nor_o do_v we_o find_v though_o there_o be_v so_o many_o wicked_a and_o idolatrous_a king_n of_o judah_n who_o break_v all_o the_o law_n of_o god_n give_v they_o by_o moses_n that_o ever_o any_o of_o the_o priest_n or_o prophet_n stir_v up_o the_o people_n to_o rebel_n against_o they_o for_o it_o f._n neither_o of_o these_o instance_n do_v reach_v the_o case_n in_o hand_n for_o i_o grant_v that_o neither_o the_o breach_n or_o nonobservance_n of_o these_o precept_n enjoin_v the_o king_n of_o israel_n by_o god_n nor_o yet_o their_o open_a idolatry_n be_v a_o sufficient_a cause_n for_o their_o take_n up_o arm_n or_o resist_v their_o king_n in_o so_o do_v since_o those_o be_v offence_n only_o against_o god_n and_o in_o which_o the_o people_n have_v nothing_o to_o do_v those_o be_v no_o part_n of_o that_o tacit_fw-la or_o implicit_a 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the_o people_n than_o make_v a_o considerable_a part_n of_o the_o great_a council_n from_o the_o very_a beginning_n of_o the_o saxon_a time_n m._n pray_v sir_n 4._o will_v you_o give_v i_o leave_v to_o answer_v your_o question_n one_o by_o one_o as_o you_o go_v for_o fear_v i_o shall_v not_o only_o forget_v they_o but_o also_o tire_v you_o with_o too_o long_a a_o speech_n in_o the_o first_o place_n therefore_o give_v i_o leave_v to_o tell_v you_o that_o you_o be_v very_o much_o mistake_v to_o suppose_v that_o by_o the_o word_n populus_fw-la be_v here_o mean_v the_o common_a people_n or_o vulgar_a whereas_o when_o clerus_fw-la and_o populus_fw-la be_v use_v together_o in_o our_o ancient_a writer_n of_o those_o time_n it_o signify_v no_o more_o than_o a_o common_a council_n of_o the_o clergy_n and_o people_n or_o laity_n and_o not_o the_o common_a people_n for_o then_o the_o lord_n or_o great_a man_n will_v have_v be_v quite_o leave_v out_o of_o this_o council_n as_o certain_o they_o 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be_v then_o no_o more_o limit_v to_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la in_o that_o time_n than_o it_o be_v now_o who_o though_o i_o grant_v they_o can_v not_o all_o be_v present_a in_o the_o great_a council_n in_o person_n yet_o they_o may_v be_v there_o by_o their_o delegate_n as_o well_o as_o they_o be_v now_o and_o who_o may_v also_o consist_v of_o far_o great_a number_n than_o they_o now_o do_v since_o we_o find_v in_o the_o council_n of_o winchester_n but_o now_o mention_v that_o after_o the_o duke_n earls_z and_o great_a man_n of_o the_o kingdom_n there_o be_v also_o add_v aliorâ—mque_fw-la fidelium_fw-la infinita_fw-la multitudo_fw-la which_o great_a multitude_n sure_o must_v have_v signify_v somewhat_o more_o than_o your_o chief_a thanes_z or_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la alone_z or_o else_o the_o word_n comites_fw-la and_o proceres_fw-la may_v very_o well_o have_v comprehend_v all_o the_o degree_n of_o layman_n and_o therefore_o i_o desire_v you_o to_o show_v i_o by_o some_o better_a authority_n than_o you_o yet_o have_v do_v that_o before_o the_o conquest_n the_o word_n fideles_fw-la
have_v already_o prove_v that_o the_o whole_a parliament_n as_o well_o the_o lord_n spiritual_a and_o temporal_a as_o commons_o be_v both_o before_o and_o after_o this_o time_n comprehend_v under_o these_o word_n nobilitas_fw-la angliae_fw-la and_o if_o you_o yet_o doubt_v of_o it_o i_o can_v give_v you_o a_o plain_a authority_n out_o of_o walsingham_n for_o it_o be_v in_o his_o life_n of_o edw._n ii_o anno_fw-la 1327._o where_o relate_v the_o manner_n of_o that_o king_n deposition_n he_o tell_v we_o that_o when_o the_o queen_n and_o prince_n come_v to_o london_n there_o then_o meet_v tota_n regni_fw-la nobilitas_fw-la to_o depose_v the_o king_n and_o choose_v his_o son_n in_o his_o stead_n and_o then_o there_o be_v send_v to_o the_o king_n be_v prisoner_n in_o kenelworth_n castle_n on_o behalf_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n two_o bishop_n two_o earl_n two_o abbot_n and_o of_o every_o county_n three_o knight_n and_o also_o from_o london_n and_o other_o city_n and_o great_a town_n especial_o the_o cinque_fw-fr port_n a_o certain_a number_n of_o person_n who_o inform_v he_o of_o the_o election_n of_o his_o son_n and_o that_o he_o shall_v renounce_v the_o crown_n and_o royal_a dignity_n etc._n etc._n this_o proof_n be_v so_o plain_a it_o need_v no_o comment_n as_o for_o the_o rest_n of_o your_o argument_n the_o strength_n of_o it_o chief_o consist_v in_o this_o that_o the_o tax_n there_o mention_v be_v say_v to_o be_v grant_v à _fw-la militibus_fw-la or_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la as_o you_o will_v have_v it_o of_o three_o mark_n upon_o every_o knight_n fee_n but_o in_o the_o first_o place_n i_o desire_v you_o to_o take_v notice_n that_o this_o scutage_n be_v not_o scutage_n service_n but_o a_o general_a land_n tax_n or_o manner_n of_o tax_v according_a to_o knight_n fee_n and_o which_o be_v continue_v long_o after_o hen._n iii_o reign_n as_o it_o appear_v by_o this_o passage_n in_o sir_n henry_n spelman_n glossary_a tit._n scutagium_fw-la edwardus_fw-la primus_fw-la habuit_fw-la 40_o soli_fw-la de_fw-la quolibet_fw-la 〈◊〉_d anno_fw-la regni_fw-la 13_o dom._n 1285._o pro_fw-la expeditione_n contra_fw-la wallos_n and_o it_o be_v also_o grant_v by_o the_o lord_n and_o commons_o after_o the_o 18_o of_o edw._n i._n when_o you_o and_o the_o dr._n suppose_v the_o commons_o to_o have_v then_o come_v to_o parliament_n and_o if_o so_o i_o desire_v to_o know_v why_o a_o militibus_fw-la here_o mention_v by_o this_o author_n must_v only_o signify_v tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la by_o knight_n service_n and_o not_o the_o knight_n of_o shire_n since_o it_o be_v not_o here_o say_v a_o militibus_fw-la qui_fw-la de_fw-la rege_fw-la tenuerunt_fw-la in_o capite_fw-la and_o therefore_o it_o be_v a_o force_a interpretation_n of_o the_o dr.'s_n and_o without_o any_o authority_n to_o limit_v these_o word_n militibus_fw-la &_o libere_fw-la tenentibus_fw-la &_o omnibus_fw-la de_fw-la regno_fw-la nostro_fw-la which_o you_o omit_v with_o a_o etc._n etc._n as_o also_o the_o omnibus_fw-la hominibus_fw-la liberis_fw-la regni_fw-la nostri_fw-la only_o to_o the_o arch-bishop_n bishop_n and_o other_o prelate_n of_o england_n and_o to_o the_o earl_n baron_n knight_n and_o free_a tenant_n or_o tenant_n in_o military_a or_o knight_n service_n because_o they_o be_v only_o such_o as_o pay_v scutage_n whereas_o you_o have_v already_o acknowledge_v that_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la be_v grant_v to_o all_o the_o people_n of_o england_n who_o have_v all_o a_o benefit_n by_o it_o and_o who_o pay_v towards_o the_o aid_n there_o grant_v as_o well_o as_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la but_o if_o knight_n fee_n alone_o be_v tax_v and_o that_o by_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la only_o i_o desire_v to_o know_v by_o what_o right_a all_o tenant_n in_o petit_n serjeanty_n and_o by_o burgoge_n oâ—_n sâ—occage_n tenure_n who_o make_v a_o great_a body_n of_o man_n in_o this_o kingdom_n in_o those_o time_n can_v pay_v this_o scutage_n since_o they_o hold_v not_o by_o knight_n service_n but_o by_o certain_a rent_n or_o other_o service_n and_o so_o not_o appear_v in_o person_n can_v have_v no_o representative_n in_o this_o or_o any_o other_o parliament_n of_o those_o time_n but_o if_o you_o will_v tell_v i_o they_o may_v pay_v according_a to_o the_o value_n that_o knight_n fee_n be_v then_o reckon_v at_o viz._n for_o every_o 20_o l._n a_o year_n estate_n i_o desire_v to_o know_v how_o this_o can_v be_v call_v scutage_n or_o how_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la or_o other_o lord_n from_o who_o they_o hold_v those_o land_n can_v give_v away_o their_o money_n for_o they_o and_o in_o the_o next_o place_n i_o desire_v also_o to_o know_v how_o all_o the_o city_n and_o burrough_n in_o england_n can_v be_v charge_v with_o this_o tax_n a_o great_a many_o of_o they_o be_v you_o yourself_o grant_v hold_v of_o the_o king_n in_o capite_fw-la or_o else_o of_o bishop_n abbot_n or_o other_o mesâ—e_a lord_n by_o soccage_n or_o bargage_v tenure_n so_o that_o this_o tax_n if_o grant_v only_o by_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la by_o knight_n service_n can_v reach_v they_o and_o no_o other_o person_n but_o if_o by_o this_o word_n a_o militibus_fw-la may_v be_v understand_v knight_n of_o shire_n than_o the_o tax_n be_v general_a as_o well_o upon_o soccage_n tenant_n as_o those_o by_o knight_n service_n but_o for_o the_o other_o word_n you_o insist_v upon_o viz._n the_o liberi_fw-la tenentes_fw-la which_o you_o translate_v tenant_n by_o military_a service_n if_o that_o have_v be_v the_o meaning_n of_o these_o word_n than_o they_o have_v be_v altogether_o in_o vain_a since_o you_o have_v already_o tell_v i_o that_o the_o â—â—lites_n be_v so_o call_v non_fw-la a_o militari_fw-la cingulo_fw-la sed_fw-la a_o feodo_fw-la and_o if_o it_o be_v no_o name_n of_o dignity_n then_o certain_o the_o word_n milites_fw-la will_v have_v serve_v to_o comprehend_v all_o your_o liberi_fw-la tenentes_fw-la or_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la without_o any_o other_o addition_n but_o that_o these_o word_n laberi_fw-la tenentes_fw-la do_v not_o here_o signify_v tenant_n by_o military_a service_n pray_v see_v sir_n henry_n spelman_n glossary_a tit._n libre_fw-la homo_fw-la &_o libre_fw-la tenens_fw-la where_o he_o there_o give_v we_o a_o more_o general_a signification_n of_o theseword_n thus_o ad_fw-la nobilesolim_n spectabant_fw-la isti_fw-la 〈◊〉_d à _fw-la majoribus_fw-la ortos_fw-la omnino_fw-la liberis_fw-la and_o then_o end_v thus_o vide_fw-la ingenuus_n legalis_fw-la 〈◊〉_d francus_n tenens_fw-la liberè_fw-la alius_fw-la libre_fw-la tenent_n quo_fw-la etiam_fw-la sensu_fw-la occurrit_fw-la interdum_fw-la homo_fw-la 〈◊〉_d which_o upon_o every_o one_o of_o these_o title_n he_o make_v to_o signify_v all_o one_o use_v the_o same_o thing_n viz._n a_o ordinary_a freeholder_n and_o therefore_o it_o be_v a_o very_a force_a interpretation_n of_o you_o to_o limit_v these_o word_n communitas_fw-la populi_n only_o to_o the_o community_n or_o body_n of_o the_o earl_n baron_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la though_o i_o confess_v you_o be_v very_o kind_a in_o one_o main_a point_n in_o únderstand_v the_o communitas_fw-la populi_n to_o mean_v the_o community_n of_o the_o lesser_a tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la that_o be_v no_o baron_n and_o then_o do_v what_o you_o can_v these_o word_n must_v here_o signify_v mere_a commoner_n or_o commons_o unless_o you_o can_v show_v we_o a_o three_o sort_v of_o man_n who_o though_o neither_o lord_n nor_o commons_o yet_o have_v a_o place_n in_o parliament_n so_o that_o these_o gentleman_n notwithstanding_o their_o tenure_n be_v no_o more_o noble_a than_o their_o feudatory_a tenant_n or_o vavafor_n themselves_o my_o than_o the_o knight_n of_o shire_n be_v at_o this_o day_n and_o then_o grant_v as_o i_o doubt_v not_o but_o i_o shall_v be_v able_a to_o prove_v that_o the_o city_n and_o borough_n have_v then_o also_o their_o representative_n there_o i_o pray_v tell_v i_o whether_o or_o no_o there_o be_v not_o commons_o in_o parliament_n before_o 49_o hen._n iii_o or_o not_o which_o be_v contrary_a to_o your_o dr.'s_n assertion_n in_o divers_a place_n of_o his_o answer_n to_o mr._n p._n and_o that_o the_o word_n populus_fw-la must_v here_o signify_v the_o commons_o and_o not_o the_o whole_a body_n of_o the_o laity_n appear_v plain_o by_o this_o place_n you_o have_v quote_v since_o it_o be_v restrain_v by_o yourself_o to_o mean_v not_o the_o whole_a community_n of_o the_o kingdom_n but_o only_o the_o community_n of_o lesser_a tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la who_o be_v not_o lord_n but_o that_o matt._n paris_n do_v also_o in_o another_o place_n take_v the_o word_n populus_fw-la for_o the_o commoner_n and_o not_o for_o the_o whole_a body_n of_o the_o laity_n pray_v again_o remember_v what_o he_o say_v in_o anno_fw-la 1225._o where_o relate_v the_o manner_n how_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la come_v to_o be_v confirm_v in_o 9th_o hen._n iii_o he_o tell_v we_o rex_fw-la henricus_fw-la ad_fw-la natale_n tenuit_fw-la curiam_fw-la svam_fw-la apud_fw-la westm_n
voluntate_fw-la &_o precipto_n domini_fw-la regis_fw-la nec_fw-la non_fw-la â—â—â—datorum_fw-la baâ—onium_fw-la ac_fw-la etiam_fw-la communitatis_fw-la tunc_fw-la ibidem_fw-la praesentium_fw-la m._n i_o think_v the_o dr._n have_v give_v we_o full_a satisfaction_n as_o to_o this_o record_n p._n in_o his_o answer_n to_o mr._n p._n the_o substance_n of_o which_o i_o shall_v here_o give_v you_o in_o short_a first_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o at_o the_o make_n of_o this_o force_a peace_n simon_n mountford_n and_o his_o faction_n then_o hold_v the_o king_n and_o prince_n as_o also_o richard_n earl_n of_o cornwall_n the_o king_n brother_n as_o good_a as_o prisoner_n and_o make_v they_o do_v what_o he_o please_v and_o he_o carry_v the_o king_n and_o prince_n along_o with_o he_o until_o he_o have_v take_v in_o all_o the_o strong_a place_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o when_o he_o have_v do_v than_o he_o call_v this_o parliament_n which_o can_v not_o be_v one_o in_o the_o sense_n it_o be_v now_o take_v since_o there_o be_v none_o there_o but_o the_o earl_n baron_n and_o head_n of_o the_o rebel_n which_o have_v the_o king_n and_o prince_n in_o their_o power_n and_o as_o you_o yourself_o set_v forth_o be_v the_o same_o person_n that_o seal_v it_o for_o themselves_o and_o the_o other_o baron_n and_o the_o whole_a community_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o england_n which_o community_n must_v be_v the_o community_n of_o the_o baron_n and_o great_a man_n or_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la by_o military_a service_n and_o no_o other_o for_o how_o can_v the_o lord_n and_o baron_n sign_v any_o thing_n for_o the_o commons_o as_o at_o this_o day_n understand_v they_o do_v not_o then_o nor_o now_o do_v represent_v they_o 217._o but_o i_o shall_v give_v you_o another_o authority_n to_o make_v this_o clear_a of_o some_o year_n before_o relate_v in_o matt._n paris_n viz._n anno_fw-la dom._n 12â—â—_n 42_o d_o hen._n iii_o where_o letter_n be_v say_v to_o be_v send_v a_o communitate_fw-la angliae_fw-la to_o the_o pope_n concern_v aymer_n de_fw-fr valence_n bishop_n elect_n of_o wachester_n the_o direction_n be_v thus_o sanctissimo_fw-la in_o christo_fw-la patri_fw-la etc._n etc._n communitas_fw-la comitum_fw-la procerum_fw-la magnatum_fw-la aliorumque_fw-la regni_fw-la angliae_fw-la cum_fw-la subjectione_n debita_fw-la pedum_n osrâ—â—â—_n etc._n etc._n and_o to_o put_v the_o matter_n beyond_o all_o doubt_n it_o be_v certain_a that_o these_o letter_n be_v seal_v by_o six_o earl_n and_o five_o baron_n only_o vice_fw-la totius_fw-la communitatis_fw-la i_o need_v 〈◊〉_d give_v you_o their_o name_n since_o you_o may_v find_v they_o in_o the_o author_n himself_o as_o also_o cite_v by_o the_o dr._n and_o as_o for_o h._n bigod_n the_o chief_a justice_n and_o the_o four_o person_n name_v after_o he_o they_o be_v prove_v by_o sir_n william_n dugdale_n in_o his_o baronage_n of_o england_n to_o have_v be_v the_o great_a baron_n in_o the_o kingdom_n now_o pray_v let_v i_o ask_v you_o this_o question_n do_v these_o eleven_o person_n all_o great_a earl_n and_o baron_n represent_v the_o whole_a commons_o or_o community_n of_o england_n as_o at_o this_o day_n understand_v or_o do_v they_o represent_v the_o community_n of_o the_o baron_n only_o together_o with_o the_o alios_fw-la the_o milites_fw-la which_o hold_v by_o military_a service_n of_o the_o great_a baron_n and_o the_o less_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la for_o the_o whole_a community_n here_o intend_v must_v be_v one_o of_o they_o take_v which_o you_o please_v you_o will_v lose_v the_o cause_n for_o certain_o these_o great_a 〈◊〉_d and_o baron_n that_o seal_v this_o letter_n vice_fw-la totius_fw-la communitatis_fw-la be_v not_o choose_v nor_o send_v by_o the_o commons_o to_o this_o parliament_n or_o meeting_n nor_o be_v the_o commons_o represent_v as_o at_o this_o day_n by_o they_o as_o you_o yourself_o have_v already_o grant_v f._n i_o hope_v i_o shall_v not_o need_v to_o make_v any_o long_a reply_n to_o this_o answer_n of_o youâ—â—_n or_o rather_o of_o your_o dr.'s_n since_o it_o be_v build_v upon_o the_o same_o false_a supposition_n with_o the_o other_o viz._n that_o the_o word_n cum_fw-la communitate_fw-la tot_fw-la â_fw-la regni_fw-la angliae_fw-la must_v always_o mean_v only_o the_o community_n of_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la which_o supposition_n if_o it_o be_v false_a in_o your_o former_a argument_n be_v also_o as_o false_a in_o this_o of_o the_o lord_n and_o commons_o too_o and_o therefore_o it_o be_v impertinent_a to_o repeat_v my_o answer_n to_o it_o but_o if_o this_o be_v no_o true_a parliament_n because_o simon_n mountford_n have_v then_o the_o king_n and_o prince_n in_o his_o power_n this_o will_v likewise_o serve_v to_o unparliament_n that_o of_o the_o 49_o the_o of_o this_o king_n from_o whence_o the_o gentleman_n of_o your_o opinion_n date_n the_o first_o come_v of_o the_o commons_o to_o parliament_n since_o the_o king_n and_o prince_n be_v as_o much_o in_o simon_n mountford_n power_n then_o as_o now_o and_o yet_o no_o man_n as_o i_o know_v of_o ever_o question_v the_o validity_n of_o it_o though_o i_o can_v also_o omit_v that_o you_o pass_v by_o in_o this_o letter_n the_o word_n magnatum_fw-la aliorumque_fw-la regni_fw-la under_o which_o word_n as_o i_o have_v already_o prove_v may_v very_o well_o be_v comprehend_v all_o the_o knight_n of_o shire_n as_o well_o as_o citizen_n and_o burgess_n unless_o the_o word_n have_v run_v thus_o as_o they_o shall_v have_v do_v to_o have_v make_v out_o your_o assertion_n aliorumque_fw-la qui_fw-la de_fw-la rege_fw-la tenent_n in_fw-la capite_fw-la but_o to_o come_v to_o the_o main_a point_n you_o insist_v upon_o which_o be_v how_o these_o great_a earlâ—_n and_o baron_n can_v seal_v this_o form_n of_o the_o peace_n and_o these_o letter_n to_o the_o pope_n in_o the_o name_n of_o all_o the_o commons_o of_o england_n before_o i_o answer_v to_o that_o i_o pray_v give_v i_o leave_v to_o ask_v you_o one_o question_n you_o have_v already_o allow_v that_o the_o ordinary_a tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la of_o which_o that_o numerous_a body_n chief_o consist_v though_o call_v by_o courtesy_n barones_n minores_fw-la be_v real_o no_o baron_n nor_o peer_n of_o the_o realm_n and_o if_o so_o be_v but_o commoner_n now_o pray_v tell_v i_o how_o these_o great_a earl_n and_o baron_n you_o mention_v to_o have_v sign_v this_o peace_n and_o this_o letter_n to_o the_o pope_n can_v put_v their_o seal_n for_o those_o who_o be_v no_o baron_n themselves_o by_o your_o own_o confession_n and_o you_o can_v say_v they_o represent_v they_o for_o they_o be_v as_o good_a tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la as_o the_o great_a lord_n but_o if_o you_o say_v they_o do_v it_o by_o their_o order_n and_o consent_n pray_v why_o may_v not_o these_o great_a lord_n or_o baron_n as_o well_o do_v the_o like_a for_o the_o knight_n of_o shire_n and_o burgess_n by_o their_o appointment_n since_o i_o have_v already_o prove_v that_o the_o lord_n do_v act_v thus_o in_o the_o letter_n which_o be_v send_v to_o the_o pope_n concern_v the_o business_n of_o scotland_n and_o beside_o i_o must_v here_o observe_v that_o the_o dr._n and_o you_o do_v not_o deal_v fair_o with_o your_o adversary_n in_o cite_v this_o authority_n of_o the_o lord_n and_o baron_n sign_v these_o letter_n to_o the_o pope_n vice_n tâ—tius_fw-la communitatâ—s_fw-la angliae_fw-la since_o i_o acknowledge_v in_o this_o place_n the_o word_n communitas_fw-la be_v put_v alone_o do_v mean_v no_o more_o than_o the_o community_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n but_o in_o the_o authority_n i_o have_v quote_v it_o be_v put_v after_o the_o earl_n and_o baron_n and_o so_o then_o must_v mean_v the_o whole_a commonalty_n or_o body_n of_o the_o commons_o in_o the_o sense_n they_o be_v now_o take_v and_o as_o it_o have_v be_v always_o use_v in_o french_a as_o well_o as_o in_o latin_a when_o it_o come_v after_o the_o earl_n and_o baron_n as_o i_o have_v already_o note_v and_o for_o this_o pray_v see_v the_o stat._n of_o westm._n i._o make_v 3_o d_o edw._n i._n but_o eleven_o year_n after_o the_o 49_o the_o of_o hen._n iii_o per_n l'assâ—ntments_n des_fw-fr aechievesques_n evesques_n abbes_n prior_n count_n baron_n &_o tout_fw-fr le_fw-fr commonalty_n de_fw-fr la_fw-fr terre_fw-fr illonques_fw-la summone_n which_o phrase_n i_o can_v show_v you_o to_o have_v continue_v the_o same_o in_o most_o of_o our_o french_a statute_n during_o the_o reign_n of_o this_o king_n and_o all_o his_o successor_n in_o many_o record_n and_o act_n of_o parliament_n whilst_o they_o be_v write_v in_o latin_a or_o french_a which_o i_o shall_v omit_v recite_v because_o i_o suppose_v you_o yourself_o will_v allow_v it_o i_o have_v a_o great_a deal_n more_o to_o say_v concern_v the_o true_a sense_n of_o the_o word_n communitas_fw-la le_fw-fr commune_fw-la &_o le_fw-fr communality_n which_o because_o it_o be_v long_o and_o it_o now_o grow_v late_a i_o shall_v
defer_v till_o another_o time_n but_o i_o think_v i_o shall_v be_v able_a to_o show_v you_o from_o undoubted_a record_n and_o act_n of_o parliament_n from_o the_o reign_n of_o hen._n iii_o as_o low_a as_o richard_n ii_o that_o these_o word_n when_o use_v as_o i_o have_v now_o say_v after_o the_o earl_n and_o baron_n can_v refer_v to_o they_o but_o to_o another_o distinct_a estate_n or_o order_n of_o man_n than_o call_v les_fw-fr communer_n or_o les_fw-fr commune_v in_o english_a the_o commons_o of_o the_o kingdom_n distinct_a from_o the_o bishop_n and_o lord_n m_o i_o shall_v nor_o now_o dispute_v with_o you_o concern_v the_o sense_n you_o have_v put_v upon_o the_o word_n you_o mention_v but_o i_o grant_v they_o often_o signify_v the_o commons_o after_o the_o 18_o the_o edw._n i._n in_o some_o act_n of_o parliament_n and_o parliamentary_a record_n but_o i_o must_v beg_v your_o pardon_n if_o i_o can_v allow_v communitas_fw-la to_o signify_v the_o commons_o at_o this_o time_n in_o your_o 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who_o be_v choose_v to_o represent_v the_o omnes_fw-la alios_fw-la qui_fw-la de_fw-la rege_fw-la tenent_n in_fw-la capite_fw-la mention_v in_o king_n john_n charter_n or_o they_o and_o all_o the_o other_o military_a tenant_n by_o mean_a tenure_n for_o it_o be_v scarce_a to_o be_v believe_v that_o those_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la who_o make_v such_o a_o noise_n for_o their_o liberty_n will_v part_v with_o this_o main_a point_n of_o be_v personal_o present_a or_o else_o the_o body_n of_o they_o represent_v by_o some_o of_o their_o own_o number_n in_o every_o county_n and_o it_o may_v be_v upon_o this_o account_n they_o have_v the_o title_n of_o notable_a knight_n etc._n etc._n in_o the_o ancient_a writ_n of_o summons_n direct_v to_o the_o sheriff_n so_o that_o only_o the_o tenant_n by_o knight_n service_n as_o suitor_n to_o the_o county_n court_v 19_o be_v the_o elector_n and_o this_o be_v very_o likely_a the_o reason_n of_o the_o statute_n of_o the_o 7_o the_o hen._n iu._n that_o the_o election_n shall_v be_v make_v in_o the_o county_n court_n by_o all_o the_o suitor_n and_o also_o why_o the_o statute_n 18_o the_o hen._n vi_o 15._o by_o which_o any_o man_n that_o have_v 40_o s._n per_fw-la ann._n of_o any_o tenure_n who_o be_v before_o permit_v to_o be_v a_o elector_n be_v alter_v by_o 10_o the_o hen._n vi_o and_o so_o explain_v that_o none_o but_o freeholder_n of_o 40_o s._n per_fw-la ann._n shall_v afterward_o be_v elector_n with_o respect_n to_o the_o least_o part_n of_o a_o knight_n fee_n 2._o viz._n 40_o s._n per_fw-la annum_fw-la which_o be_v now_o come_v into_o the_o hand_n of_o very_o ordinary_a men._n for_o ancient_o soon_o after_o or_o near_o the_o conquest_n there_o be_v very_o few_o or_o no_o great_a socâ—agâ—_n that_o be_v such_o as_o hold_v great_a estate_n in_o soccage_n and_o neither_o the_o small_a one_o 29._o nor_o the_o nativi_fw-la or_o copyholder_n be_v repute_v liberi_fw-la ot_fw-mi legales_fw-la homines_fw-la as_o before_o mention_v or_o perform_v the_o service_n proper_a to_o such_o military_a tenant_n or_o those_o to_o who_o they_o have_v alienate_v part_n of_o their_o fe_n but_o since_o i_o have_v tire_v you_o as_o well_o as_o myself_o in_o wrangle_v about_o the_o sense_n and_o meaning_n of_o the_o word_n in_o dispute_n between_o we_o i_o shall_v for_o the_o future_a take_v a_o short_a cut_n and_o give_v you_o two_o or_o three_o authority_n from_o our_o ancient_a law_n of_o william_n the_o conqueror_n and_o hen._n ii_o and_o rich._n i._n which_o together_o with_o king_n john_n magna_fw-la charta_fw-la will_v i_o think_v make_v it_o plain_a enough_o in_o conscience_n that_o the_o commons_o as_o now_o represent_v be_v not_o summon_v to_o parliament_n during_o the_o reign_n of_o king_n john_n and_o whether_o they_o be_v so_o summon_v before_o 49_o the_o h._n iii_o when_o they_o be_v call_v but_o once_o till_o above_o twenty_o year_n after_o will_v be_v the_o other_o part_n of_o my_o task_n f._n i_o approve_v of_o your_o method_n very_o well_o and_o i_o assure_v you_o i_o love_v pedantic_a dispute_n about_o the_o grammatical_a signification_n of_o word_n as_o little_a as_o yourself_o unless_o where_o it_o be_v absolute_o necessary_a as_o indeed_o you_o have_v render_v it_o so_o by_o raise_v the_o great_a part_n of_o your_o argument_n from_o the_o equivocal_a use_n of_o those_o general_a word_n whereby_o our_o ancient_a law_n and_o historian_n have_v style_v the_o constituent_a member_n of_o our_o great_a council_n which_o if_o they_o be_v well_o clear_v i_o think_v it_o be_v high_a time_n to_o fall_v upon_o some_o more_o solid_a argument_n but_o before_o you_o come_v to_o that_o i_o can_v forbear_v observe_v that_o yourself_o do_v allow_v that_o in_o all_o act_n of_o parliament_n and_o record_n after_o the_o 18_o the_o edw._n i._n the_o word_n communitas_fw-la and_o lâ—_n commune_v when_o put_v after_o the_o earl_n and_o baron_n do_v signify_v the_o commons_o in_o the_o same_o sense_n in_o which_o they_o be_v now_o take_v but_o i_o must_v confess_v it_o seem_v incredible_a nay_o almost_o impossible_a to_o i_o that_o these_o word_n shall_v signify_v the_o community_n of_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la in_o the_o 48_o the_o hen_n iii_o or_o 18_o the_o of_o edw._n i._o begin_v where_o you_o please_v and_o yet_o that_o the_o next_o parliament_n after_o those_o the_o same_o word_n shall_v be_v take_v in_o quite_o another_o sense_n for_o the_o knight_n of_o shire_n citizen_n and_o burgess_n and_o that_o no_o statute_n record_n or_o historian_n of_o that_o or_o succeed_a age_n shall_v take_v the_o least_o notice_n of_o it_o be_v understand_v but_o before_o i_o conclude_v this_o part_n of_o the_o question_n i_o can_v but_o rectify_v a_o great_a mistake_v you_o have_v fall_v into_o by_o adhere_v to_o the_o dr._n with_o too_o implicit_a a_o faith_n for_o whereas_o you_o suppose_v that_o the_o reason_n why_o our_o knight_n of_o shire_n be_v call_v ancient_o grantz_n des_fw-fr countees_n be_v because_o they_o be_v at_o first_o elect_v out_o of_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la only_o and_o who_o with_o the_o other_o tenant_n by_o military_a service_n be_v also_o the_o only_a elector_n of_o they_o at_o first_o till_o the_o statute_n of_o 7_o the_o hen._n iu._n ordain_v the_o election_n shall_v be_v make_v in_o the_o county_n court_n by_o all_o the_o suitor_n as_o if_o it_o have_v not_o be_v many_o age_n so_o before_o whereas_o if_o you_o please_v to_o peruse_v that_o statute_n a_o little_a better_o you_o will_v find_v it_o be_v not_o make_v to_o enlarge_v the_o number_n of_o the_o elector_n of_o parliament_n man_n for_o long_o before_o that_o time_n all_o sort_n or_o degree_n of_o freeholder_n as_o well_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la as_o their_o tenant_n by_o any_o kind_n of_o tenure_n or_o whether_o hold_v of_o such_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la or_o else_o of_o other_o as_o abbot_n and_o prior_n and_o other_o mesne_n tenant_n do_v alike_o owe_v suit_n and_o service_n to_o the_o county_n court_n and_o consequent_o be_v all_o alike_o capable_a of_o give_v their_o voice_n there_o at_o the_o election_n of_o knight_n of_o shire_n however_o small_a their_o estate_n be_v nor_o be_v that_o statute_n of_o hen._n iu._n now_o cite_v which_o require_v the_o election_n of_o knight_n of_o shire_n to_o be_v make_v by_o those_o that_o be_v summon_v and_o all_o other_o that_o be_v there_o present_a make_v to_o confer_v any_o new_a right_n upon_o such_o feeeholder_n but_o only_a to_o prevent_v the_o abuse_n of_o sheriffâ—_n who_o be_v wont_n before_o that_o statute_n to_o procure_v knight_n of_o shire_n to_o be_v choose_v clandestine_o without_o any_o due_a summons_n or_o notice_n give_v to_o the_o freeholder_n of_o the_o election_n much_o less_o do_v the_o statute_n of_o 8_o the_o hen._n vi_o
the_o most_o part_n signify_v the_o king_n or_o any_o other_o lord_n be_v immediate_a tenant_n by_o knight_n service_n for_o you_o may_v consult_v spelman_n glossary_a and_o du_n fresue_n lexicon_n under_o these_o title_n but_o far_a to_o confirm_v who_o be_v then_o the_o constituent_a member_n of_o our_o great_a council_n pray_v see_v the_o title_n to_o the_o assize_n of_o forest_n under_o king_n richard_n the_o i._o which_o hoveden_n recite_v in_o these_o word_n haec_fw-la est_fw-la assiza_n dom._n regis_fw-la 40._o &_o haec_fw-la sunt_fw-la praecepta_fw-la de_fw-la forestis_n suis_fw-la in_o angliae_fw-la facta_fw-la per_fw-la assensum_fw-la &_o consilium_fw-la archiepiscoporum_fw-la episcoporum_fw-la &_o abbatum_fw-la comitum_fw-la &_o baronum_n &_o militum_fw-la totius_fw-la regni_fw-la where_o by_o militum_fw-la be_v to_o be_v understand_v not_o only_o those_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la that_o be_v knight_v but_o also_o all_o other_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la and_o if_o the_o word_n ever_o signify_v any_o other_o person_n 61._o they_o be_v not_o ordinary_a freeholder_n but_o liberè_fw-la tenentes_fw-la in_o servitio_fw-la militari_fw-la freeholder_n in_o military_a service_n as_o you_o may_v find_v in_o the_o dr.'s_n glossary_a tit._n probi_fw-la homines_fw-la milites_fw-la etc._n etc._n but_o pray_v remember_v also_o what_o sir_n h._n spelman_n tell_v we_o in_o his_o glossary_n tit._n miles_n that_o these_o milites_fw-la when_o put_v alone_o be_v proper_o the_o liberi_fw-la tenentes_fw-la or_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la qui_fw-la non_fw-la à _fw-la militari_fw-la cingulo_fw-la sed_fw-la a_o frodo_fw-la nomen_fw-la sumpserunt_fw-la so_o that_o i_o think_v no_o ingenious_a man_n but_o will_v confess_v that_o all_o these_o council_n be_v general_a council_n or_o parliament_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n consist_v of_o no_o other_o person_n than_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la f._n to_o return_v a_o answer_n to_o all_o your_o authority_n together_o i_o must_v now_o repeat_v what_o i_o often_o say_v that_o there_o be_v no_o firm_a argument_n to_o be_v draw_v from_o the_o doubtful_a word_n and_o general_a expression_n of_o our_o ancient_a historian_n and_o i_o doubt_v not_o but_o to_o show_v you_o that_o all_o the_o whole_a strength_n of_o your_o reason_n consist_v in_o this_o alone_a but_o since_o i_o have_v already_o speak_v so_o much_o of_o the_o various_a signification_n of_o the_o word_n barones_n regis_fw-la &_o regni_fw-la i_o shall_v omit_v that_o and_o now_o proceed_v to_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o word_n which_o you_o think_v make_v so_o plain_a for_o you_o and_o shall_v only_o observe_v at_o present_a that_o these_o word_n barones_n and_o milites_fw-la be_v always_o stretch_v or_o contract_v according_a as_o the_o gentleman_n of_o your_o opinion_n find_v it_o best_o to_o suit_n with_o their_o hypothesis_n as_o for_o example_n if_o the_o word_n barones_n be_v put_v alone_o than_o it_o must_v signify_v none_o but_o great_a baron_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la if_o it_o be_v join_v with_o milites_fw-la then_o by_o barones_n must_v be_v only_o mean_v the_o great_a baron_n or_o peer_n and_o by_o milites_fw-la those_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la who_o be_v not_o lord_n if_o any_o other_o word_n follow_v milites_fw-la than_o this_o word_n must_v signify_v only_o such_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la as_o be_v knight_v so_o likewise_o you_o deal_v with_o all_o other_o word_n though_o of_o never_o so_o comprehensive_a a_o signification_n but_o why_o may_v not_o i_o with_o as_o much_o reason_n affirm_v that_o by_o barones_n mention_v in_o these_o authority_n be_v to_o be_v understand_v the_o barones_n properly_z so_o call_v and_o by_o the_o milites_fw-la the_o knight_n of_o shire_n whether_o they_o be_v tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la or_o feudatories_n to_o other_o for_o radulphus_fw-la de_fw-la diceto_fw-la in_o anno_fw-la 1040._o in_o the_o law_n of_o malcolm_n the_o second_o king_n of_o scot_n mention_n milites_fw-la vavasores_fw-la qui_fw-la tenent_fw-la de_fw-fr baronibus_fw-la tetras_fw-la svas_fw-la and_o that_o not_o only_a tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la but_o all_o other_o of_o whosoever_o they_o hold_v who_o be_v able_a to_o maintain_v themselves_o like_o knight_n may_v be_v then_o force_v to_o receive_v knighthood_n appear_v by_o two_o writ_n of_o 24_o the_o and_o 26_o the_o h._n iii_o as_o they_o be_v find_v in_o the_o close_a roll_n dorso_fw-la under_o this_o title_n forma_fw-la de_fw-la molitibus_fw-la faciendis_fw-la and_o i_o desire_v you_o will_v read_v the_o writ_n itself_o rex_fw-la vicecomiti_fw-la northampton_n salutem_fw-la praecipimus_fw-la tibi_fw-la quod_fw-la per_fw-la totam_fw-la ballivam_fw-la tuam_fw-la in_o singulis_n bonis_fw-la villis_fw-la &_o similiter_fw-la in_o pleno_fw-la comitatu_fw-la tuo_fw-la clamari_fw-la facias_fw-la quod_fw-la omnes_fw-la illi_fw-la de_fw-la comitatu_fw-la tuo_fw-la qui_fw-la tenent_fw-la feodum_fw-la militis_fw-la integrum_fw-la vel_fw-la etiam_fw-la minus_fw-la quam_fw-la feodum_fw-la integrum_fw-la dum_fw-la tamen_fw-la de_fw-it tenemento_fw-it svo_fw-la tam_fw-la militari_fw-la quam_fw-la socagio_fw-it pâ—ssint_fw-la sustentari_fw-la &_o milites_fw-la non_fw-la sunt_fw-la sicut_fw-la tenementa_fw-la sua_fw-la deligunt_fw-la citra_fw-la festum_fw-la omnium_fw-la sanctorum_fw-la anno_fw-la regni_fw-la nostri_fw-la 25._o arma_fw-la capiant_fw-la &_o se_fw-la milites_fw-la fieri_fw-la faciant_fw-la et_fw-la si_fw-la qui_fw-la fuerint_fw-la tale_n qui_fw-la citra_fw-la terminum_fw-la illum_fw-la se_fw-la milites_fw-la fieri_fw-la non_fw-la fecerint_fw-la omnia_fw-la nomina_fw-la eorum_fw-la statim_fw-la à _fw-la termino_fw-la illo_fw-la &_o quantitatem_fw-la &_o valorem_fw-la tenementorum_fw-la suorum_fw-la nobit_fw-la scire_fw-la facias_fw-la testae_fw-la rege_fw-la apud_fw-la lewes_n 25_o die_v julii_fw-la similiter_fw-la scribitur_fw-la omnibus_fw-la vicecomitibus_fw-la and_o as_o for_o the_o word_n homines_fw-la svi_fw-la which_o you_o will_v have_v only_o to_o mean_v the_o king_n tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la those_o word_n have_v so_o equivocal_a a_o signification_n that_o there_o be_v no_o argument_n to_o be_v draw_v from_o they_o for_o they_o may_v as_o well_o signify_v all_o the_o king_n subject_n swear_v to_o he_o by_o fealty_n and_o allegiance_n as_o tenant_n by_o homage_n or_o knight_n service_n only_o as_o sir_n h._n spelman_n in_o his_o glossary_n observe_v upon_o the_o word_n homo_fw-la dicitur_fw-la de_fw-la quovis_fw-la praediorum_fw-la tenente_fw-la sive_fw-la socmanno_n sive_fw-la militari_fw-la and_o for_o this_o he_o cite_v the_o book_n of_o ramsey_n and_o if_o suus_fw-la be_v add_v to_o homo_fw-la it_o do_v much_o alter_v the_o case_n as_o appear_v by_o the_o word_n follow_v in_o the_o same_o place_n dicitur_fw-la praeterca_fw-la de_fw-la quovis_fw-la ministro_fw-la &_o subdito_fw-la &_o saepe_fw-la occurrit_fw-la hoc_fw-la modo_fw-la in_o antiquis_fw-la privilegiis_fw-la non_fw-la solum_fw-la vassalos_n &_o tenentes_fw-la sed_fw-la famulos_fw-la &_o subditos_fw-la quoslibet_fw-la significans_fw-la and_o for_o this_o he_o give_v we_o several_a authority_n so_o that_o you_o see_v these_o word_n do_v not_o only_o signify_v tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la but_o also_o any_o other_o subject_n and_o so_o may_v take_v in_o the_o knight_n of_o shire_n with_o the_o citizen_n and_o burgess_n likewise_o at_o least_o the_o representative_n of_o such_o city_n and_o burrough_n as_o hold_v of_o the_o king_n in_o capite_fw-la by_o your_o own_o sense_n of_o these_o word_n but_o i_o shall_v however_o say_v something_o of_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o word_n you_o insist_v upon_o out_o of_o abbot_n benedict_n viz._n barones_n terrae_fw-la suae_fw-la which_o mean_v no_o more_o than_o regni_fw-la svi_fw-la before_o mention_v and_o then_o it_o will_v signify_v no_o more_o than_o that_o all_o the_o baron_n of_o his_o kingdom_n be_v summon_v to_o this_o assembly_n which_o word_n tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la i_o can_v give_v mr._n selden_n authority_n for_o who_o in_o his_o first_o edition_n 277._o 2_o d_o part_n have_v his_o remarkable_a passage_n speak_v of_o the_o several_a kind_n of_o baron_n he_o say_v that_o beside_o the_o barones_n regis_fw-la there_o be_v baron_n of_o subject_n hold_v not_o of_o the_o king_n but_o by_o mesnalty_n who_o make_v a_o three_o rank_n of_o such_o as_o be_v lord_n of_o manor_n etc._n etc._n out_o of_o this_o may_v be_v understand_v why_o and_o in_o what_o sense_n baronagium_n angliae_fw-la rex_fw-la &_o baronagium_fw-la suum_fw-la &_o sine_fw-la assensu_fw-la baronagii_fw-la svi_fw-la so_o often_o occur_v in_o our_o old_a story_n take_v as_o well_o for_o the_o king_n and_o the_o whole_a state_n sometime_o as_o for_o the_o great_a nobility_n but_o if_o your_o dr._n have_v be_v please_v to_o have_v compare_v the_o author_n he_o quote_v with_o other_o nay_o with_o the_o title_n to_o the_o very_a constitution_n of_o clarendâ—n_n themselves_o 41._o as_o he_o have_v give_v they_o as_o in_o his_o appendix_n to_o his_o history_n out_o of_o quadrilogus_fw-la this_o objection_n will_v have_v be_v needless_a 1395._o for_o if_o you_o consult_v gervase_n of_o canterbury_n he_o style_v the_o party_n to_o this_o council_n praesules_fw-la and_o proceres_fw-la anglicani_n regni_fw-la and_o as_o for_o matt._n paris_n 100_o pray_v observe_v that_o after_o the_o
accepit_fw-la etc._n etc._n now_o pray_v tell_v i_o what_o common_a council_n be_v this_o of_o the_o bishop_n and_o chief_a man_n of_o the_o kingdom_n that_o anselm_n refer_v himself_o to_o be_v it_o not_o ex_fw-la more_o by_o custom_n you_o can_v find_v in_o eadmer_n any_o summons_n to_o it_o neither_o rex_fw-la asâ—ivit_fw-la nor_o praecepâ—o_o regis_fw-la convenerunt_fw-la nor_o rex_fw-la sanctione_n suâ_fw-la adunavit_fw-la in_o short_a not_o to_o multiply_v example_n look_v where_o you_o will_v in_o eadmerus_n or_o any_o other_o of_o the_o ancient_a historian_n you_o have_v cite_v and_o you_o will_v still_o find_v that_o the_o person_n who_o meet_v ex_fw-la more_fw-it and_o without_o any_o summons_n be_v the_o same_o who_o assemble_v by_o the_o king_n summons_n at_o other_o time_n that_o be_v the_o principes_fw-la and_o episcoâ—i_fw-la regni_fw-la or_o terrae_fw-la or_o call_v more_o general_o priâ—ates_fw-la utriusque_fw-la ordinis_fw-la or_o the_o barones_n or_o majores_fw-la regni_fw-la who_o do_v at_o these_o great_a â—easts_n pro_fw-la more_o go_v to_o court_n and_o hold_v a_o solemn_a curia_n or_o great_a council_n there_o and_o that_o these_o make_v up_o the_o university_n or_o whole_a body_n of_o the_o kingdom_n pray_v see_v what_o matt._n paris_n say_v 40._o in_o die_v pentecostes_fw-la dominus_fw-la rex_fw-la anglorum_fw-la loâ—dini_fw-la festum_fw-la tenens_fw-la magnum_fw-la &_o serenissimum_fw-la â—unc_fw-la compositâ_fw-la per_fw-la regni_fw-la vniversitatem_fw-la eleganti_fw-la epistolâ_fw-la etc._n etc._n this_o be_v about_o the_o pope_n exaction_n as_o have_v be_v before_o deliver_v and_o hen._n iii_o in_o his_o letter_n to_o the_o pope_n call_v the_o same_o person_n magnates_fw-la angliae_fw-la which_o in_o his_o letter_n to_o the_o cardinal_n about_o the_o same_o matter_n he_o call_v magnates_fw-la nostri_fw-la as_o you_o may_v see_v in_o the_o former_a citation_n of_o they_o f._n but_o pray_v give_v i_o leave_v to_o ask_v you_o this_o question_n may_v not_o our_o first_o norman_a king_n often_o summon_v the_o common_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n at_o one_o of_o the_o say_v usual_a feast_n since_o it_o be_v so_o much_o for_o the_o conveniency_n of_o the_o bishop_n great_a lord_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la who_o i_o grant_v be_v then_o all_o member_n of_o the_o great_a council_n to_o meet_v all_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o kingdom_n or_o representative_n of_o the_o commons_o at_o the_o same_o time_n though_o the_o writer_n you_o have_v quote_v may_v not_o mention_v their_o be_v summon_v at_o all_o and_o as_o for_o the_o writ_n of_o summons_n those_o of_o much_o late_a parliament_n be_v lose_v how_o can_v it_o be_v expect_v we_o shall_v now_o prove_v their_o be_v summon_v so_o many_o year_n before_o m._n i_o confess_v it_o may_v be_v so_o that_o upon_o extraordinary_a business_n 115._o and_o when_o the_o occasion_n be_v great_a and_o the_o king_n desire_v a_o great_a and_o full_a appearance_n they_o may_v also_o receive_v a_o express_a summons_n at_o those_o time_n but_o then_o i_o must_v desire_v you_o to_o show_v we_o any_o mention_n of_o a_o summons_n to_o any_o of_o these_o common_a council_n which_o when_o call_v at_o other_o time_n be_v most_o constant_o mention_v in_o this_o author_n and_o i_o desire_v to_o know_v of_o you_o what_o you_o will_v say_v to_o those_o word_n pro_fw-la more_fw-it convenit_fw-la which_o be_v speak_v of_o the_o most_o general_a council_n when_o the_o community_n of_o the_o kingdom_n meet_v at_o the_o king_n court_n you_o can_v deny_v but_o that_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la be_v the_o king_n barones_n milites_fw-la magnates_fw-la etc._n etc._n upon_o this_o we_o will_v join_v issue_n and_o i_o affirm_v without_o bring_v proof_n which_o be_v infinite_a in_o this_o case_n that_o all_o the_o bishop_n earl_n and_o baron_n of_o england_n do_v hold_v their_o land_n earldom_n and_o barony_n of_o the_o crown_n or_o which_o be_v all_o one_o of_o the_o king_n as_o of_o his_o person_n and_o that_o be_v in_o capite_fw-la william_n the_o conqueror_n as_o i_o say_v before_o divide_v most_o of_o the_o land_n in_o england_n among_o his_o great_a follower_n to_o hold_v of_o he_o he_o make_v earl_n and_o baron_n such_o as_o he_o please_v they_o and_o their_o descendant_n hold_v upon_o the_o same_o term_n with_o the_o first_o grantor_n which_o be_v to_o find_v so_o many_o horse_n and_o arm_n and_o do_v such_o and_o such_o service_n both_o title_n and_o land_n be_v forfeitable_a for_o treason_n or_o felony_n to_o the_o king_n do_v homage_n for_o they_o and_o every_o bishop_n earl_n and_o baron_n of_o england_n be_v in_o those_o circumstance_n and_o hold_v of_o the_o king_n after_o this_o manner_n other_o land_n be_v give_v to_o other_o person_n for_o mean_a service_n as_o to_o his_o woodward_n forester_n huntsman_n falconer_n cook_n chamberlain_n gouldsinlib_n bailiff_n of_o manor_n in_o his_o own_o hand_n and_o many_o other_o officer_n which_o in_o doomsday-book_n be_v call_v terrae_fw-la thanorum_fw-la regis_fw-la and_o sometime_o servientium_fw-la regis_fw-la and_o i_o doubt_v not_o whatever_o the_o notion_n of_o petyt_n sergeanty_n now_o be_v but_o that_o original_o this_o hold_v of_o land_n be_v the_o true_a tenure_n not_o but_o present_v the_o lord_n with_o a_o bow_n a_o arrow_n a_o pair_n of_o spur_n every_o year_n etc._n etc._n may_v also_o be_v call_v petyt_n serjeanty_n though_o not_o so_o proper_o as_o the_o other_o f._n not_o to_o multiply_v word_n to_o no_o purpose_n i_o think_v your_o reply_n be_v far_o from_o be_v satisfactory_a for_o in_o the_o first_o place_n it_o be_v very_o unreasonable_a to_o demand_v that_o we_o shall_v now_o show_v the_o express_a summons_n to_o these_o common_a council_n which_o be_v not_o hold_v the_o more_o since_o you_o know_v that_o all_o ancient_a record_n of_o that_o kind_n be_v destroy_v and_o lose_v for_o if_o we_o can_v produce_v they_o at_o this_o day_n the_o difference_n between_o we_o and_o those_o of_o your_o opinion_n will_v quick_o be_v at_o a_o end_n as_o appear_v by_o those_o great_a council_n which_o be_v say_v express_o by_o the_o historian_n i_o have_v cite_v to_o have_v be_v summon_v and_o yet_o no_o such_o writ_n of_o summons_n be_v to_o be_v find_v nor_o be_v it_o any_o good_a argument_n that_o because_o our_o ancient_a historian_n mention_v no_o distinct_a summons_n to_o the_o great_a council_n when_o meet_v at_o the_o usual_a time_n of_o the_o meeting_n of_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la that_o therefore_o there_o be_v none_o such_o since_o we_o find_v they_o often_o pass_v by_o much_o more_o material_a matter_n than_o this_o and_o though_o i_o grant_v that_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la be_v then_o part_n of_o the_o great_a council_n of_o the_o barones_n milites_fw-la &_o magnates_fw-la regni_fw-la yet_o do_v it_o not_o follow_v for_o all_o this_o that_o none_o but_o the_o king_n baron_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la be_v member_n of_o this_o great_a council_n since_o there_o may_v be_v in_o those_o time_n other_o baron_n or_o great_a freeholder_n who_o though_o they_o hold_v their_o land_n of_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la yet_o may_v be_v there_o as_o knight_n of_o shire_n or_o else_o appear_v in_o person_n at_o those_o assembly_n as_o well_o as_o the_o other_o and_o beside_o there_o be_v other_o who_o though_o they_o do_v not_o hold_v of_o the_o king_n in_o capite_fw-la but_o of_o some_o great_a honour_n or_o castle_n or_o else_o of_o some_o abbot_n or_o prior_n yet_o be_v man_n of_o very_o great_a estate_n and_o very_o numerous_a all_o which_o must_v otherwise_o have_v have_v their_o estate_n tax_v and_o law_n make_v for_o they_o without_z nay_o against_o the_o consent_n of_o themselves_o or_o any_o to_o represent_v they_o nor_o be_v your_o assertion_n at_o all_o true_a that_o william_n the_o conqueror_n divide_v most_o of_o the_o land_n in_o england_n to_o be_v hold_v of_o he_o in_o capite_fw-la for_o 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you_o but_o i_o doubt_v not_o for_o all_o that_o to_o prove_v that_o it_o make_v whole_o against_o you_o and_o will_v together_o with_o those_o proof_n i_o shall_v urge_v make_v out_o this_o difference_n between_o the_o two_o sort_n of_o council_n i_o have_v already_o assert_v and_o therefore_o i_o must_v tell_v you_o that_o there_o be_v no_o necessity_n of_o understand_v the_o word_n de_fw-fr consilio_fw-la illorum_fw-la mention_v in_o this_o record_n to_o refer_v to_o the_o common_a council_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n it_o not_o be_v here_o say_v to_o be_v grant_v per_fw-la commune_fw-la concilium_fw-la regni_fw-la and_o then_o there_o can_v no_o more_o be_v prove_v from_o this_o record_n than_o that_o a_o common_a council_n of_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la take_v upon_o themselves_o a_o unusual_a power_n sine_fw-la consuetudine_fw-la as_o the_o writ_n here_o mention_n in_o those_o time_n to_o charge_v not_o only_a themselves_o but_o their_o under-tenant_n also_o and_o that_o even_o this_o be_v a_o encroachment_n appear_v by_o the_o statute_n de_fw-fr â—â—lagio_fw-it non_fw-it conâ—edendo_fw-la make_v 25_o of_o ed._n 1._o whereby_o it_o be_v express_o forbid_v that_o any_o talliage_n or_o subsidy_n shall_v be_v lay_v upon_o the_o kingdom_n sine_fw-la volunâ—aâ—e_n &_o â—ssenâ—â—_n archiepiscorum_fw-la episcoporum_fw-la comitum_fw-la baronum_fw-la militum_fw-la burgensium_fw-la &_o aliorum_fw-la liberorum_fw-la hominum_fw-la de_fw-la regno_fw-la nostro_fw-la now_o pray_v read_v my_o lord_n cook_n reason_n in_o his_o 2d_o 532._o inst._n why_o this_o statute_n be_v make_v the_o second_o cause_o say_v he_o be_v that_o the_o king_n the_o year_n before_o have_v take_v a_o talliage_n of_o all_o city_n and_o burrough_n without_o assent_n of_o parliament_n whereupon_o arise_v a_o great_a murmur_a and_o discontent_a among_o the_o commons_o for_o pacify_v which_o discord_n between_o the_o king_n and_o his_o noble_n and_o for_o the_o quiet_v of_o the_o commons_o and_o for_o a_o perpetual_a and_o constant_a law_n for_o ever_o after_o both_o in_o this_o and_o other-like_a case_n this_o act_n be_v make_v etc._n etc._n be_v no_o other_o than_o as_o the_o same_o author_n tell_v we_o in_o the_o conclusion_n of_o this_o comment_n on_o this_o statute_n then_o a_o restitution_n general_a to_o the_o subject_n of_o all_o their_o law_n liberty_n and_o free_a custom_n as_o free_o and_o whole_o as_o at_o any_o time_n before_o in_o better_a and_o full_a manner_n than_o they_o use_v to_o have_v the_o same_o but_o yet_o that_o this_o be_v no_o general_a scutage_n or_o tax_n upon_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n but_o only_o upon_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la and_o their_o tenant_n by_o knight_n service_n appear_v by_o the_o writ_n itself_o so_o that_o not_o only_o all_o the_o person_n i_o have_v already_o mention_v who_o be_v tenant_n to_o monastery_n and_o priory_n do_v not_o hold_v by_o knight_n service_n and_o all_o tenant_n in_o petys_n sergeanty_n and_o all_o city_n and_o burrough_n who_o do_v not_o hold_v in_o capite_fw-la who_o if_o they_o have_v not_o then_o representative_n in_o the_o great_a council_n be_v whole_o free_a from_o this_o tax_n and_o not_o only_o these_o but_o all_o tenant_n in_o fee_n socage_n whether_o hold_v of_o the_o king_n or_o of_o other_o mesne_n lord_n be_v whole_o exempt_a from_o this_o scutage_n so_o that_o nothing_o seem_v plain_a to_o i_o than_o that_o this_o assembly_n that_o give_v the_o king_n this_o tax_n for_o themselves_o and_o their_o tenant_n be_v a_o common_a council_n only_o of_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la charge_v themselves_o and_o their_o tenant_n only_o and_o not_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n and_o that_o do_v in_o a_o case_n of_o great_a necessity_n sine_fw-la consuetudine_fw-la for_o if_o it_o have_v include_v all_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o kingdom_n there_o will_v certain_o have_v be_v some_o mention_n make_v how_o all_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o kingdom_n which_o do_v not_o hold_v by_o knight_n service_n shall_v be_v tax_v and_o that_o this_o be_v a_o council_n consist_v of_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la only_o may_v appear_v by_o a_o record_n of_o the_o 42d_o of_o this_o king_n which_o i_o pray_v read_v rex_fw-la bar._n etc._n etc._n quia_fw-la per_fw-la commune_fw-la concilium_fw-la com._n baronum_fw-la &_o aliorum_fw-la magnatum_fw-la nobiscum_fw-la in_o walliâ_fw-la nuper_fw-la existentium_fw-la provisum_fw-la est_fw-la levand_n quod_fw-la nos_fw-la &_o ipsi_fw-la qui_fw-la servitium_fw-la nobis_fw-la fecerunt_fw-la ibidem_fw-la habeamus_fw-la scutagium_fw-la nostrum_fw-la viz._n de_fw-fr scuto_fw-la 40_o sol._n pro_fw-la exercitu_fw-la nostro_fw-la wall_n anno_fw-la regni_fw-la 41._o vobis_fw-la mandamus_fw-la quod_fw-la de_fw-la omnibus_fw-la feodis_fw-la militum_fw-la quae_fw-la tenentur_fw-la de_fw-la nobis_fw-la in_o capite_fw-la vel_fw-la de_fw-la wardia_n in_o manu_fw-la nostra_fw-la existentibus_fw-la exceptis_fw-la feod_n illorum_fw-la qui_fw-la brevia_fw-la nostra_fw-la habuerunt_fw-la de_fw-la scutag_n svo_fw-la babendo_fw-la lâ—vari_fw-la fac_fw-la scutag_n nostrum_fw-la from_o which_o record_n it_o appear_v that_o this_o be_v only_o a_o common_a council_n of_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la who_o have_v attend_v on_o the_o king_n and_o do_v their_o service_n in_o this_o welsh_a expedition_n and_o concern_v none_o else_o but_o such_o tenant_n by_o knight_n service_n and_o their_o tenant_n who_o have_v fail_v to_o do_v their_o service_n and_o be_v just_a such_o a_o tax_n as_o be_v express_o reserve_v by_o the_o last_o clause_n of_o king_n john_n charter_n which_o you_o have_v before_o cite_v whereby_o scutage_n be_v to_o be_v assess_v by_o all_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la and_o that_o not_o only_o the_o spiritual_a and_o temporal_a baron_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la do_v thus_o meet_v and_o hold_v distinct_a council_n or_o assembly_n for_o the_o grant_n of_o scutage_n but_o also_o that_o the_o spiritual_a baron_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la do_v also_o sometime_o hold_v separate_a assembly_n appear_v by_o the_o patent_n roll_v of_o the_o 15._o of_o this_o king_n thus_o cum_fw-la peteremus_fw-la à _fw-la praelatis_fw-la angliae_fw-la quod_fw-la nobis_fw-la auxilium_fw-la facerent_fw-la 3._o pro_fw-la magnâ_fw-la necessitate_v nostrâ_fw-la de_fw-la quâ_fw-la cis_fw-la conflabat_fw-la viz._n epis._n abbatibus_fw-la abbatissis_fw-la prioribus_fw-la &_o priorissi_fw-la qui_fw-la de_fw-la nobis_fw-la tenent_n in_fw-la capite_fw-la ipsi_fw-la nobis_fw-la liberaliter_fw-la concesserunt_fw-la auxilium_fw-la tale_n viz._n de_fw-fr singulis_fw-la feodis_fw-la militum_fw-la suorum_fw-la 40â—_n de_fw-fr tos_fw-la feodis_fw-la de_fw-la quot_fw-la ipsi_fw-la tenentur_fw-la nobis_fw-la respondere_fw-la quando_fw-la nobis_fw-la faciunt_fw-la servitium_n militare_fw-la where_o you_o see_v not_o only_o the_o bishop_n and_o abbot_n but_o the_o abbess_n and_o prioresses_n grant_v a_o scutage_n of_o 40_o â—_o upon_o every_o knight_n fee_n not_o which_o be_v hold_v of_o they_o but_o for_o which_o they_o be_v answerable_a to_o the_o king_n before_o and_o though_o i_o do_v not_o suppose_v that_o these_o woman_n leave_v their_o nunnery_n and_o appear_v in_o person_n at_o such_o meeting_n yet_o they_o may_v very_o well_o do_v it_o by_o their_o oeconomy_n or_o steward_n as_o their_o lawful_a proxy_n for_o assembly_n of_o that_o nature_n but_o when_o a_o general_a tax_n or_o subsidy_n be_v grant_v by_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n the_o style_n of_o these_o council_n run_v much_o otherwise_o as_o appear_v by_o the_o close_a roll_n of_o the_o four_o of_o this_o king_n where_o it_o be_v recite_v in_o the_o record_n that_o omnes_fw-la magâ—ates_fw-la &_o fideles_fw-la totius_fw-la regni_fw-la nostri_fw-la grant_v de_fw-la qualibet_fw-la carucatâ_fw-la duos_fw-la solidas_fw-la 5._o now_o it_o hence_o appear_v that_o this_o be_v a_o grant_n of_o caruage_n which_o not_o be_v a_o scutage_n service_n nor_o yet_o a_o tax_n by_o way_n of_o scutage_n and_o be_v therefore_o to_o be_v grant_v by_o the_o common_a council_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n assess_v not_o only_o upon_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la and_o their_o feudatory_a tenant_n but_o upon_o each_o ploughland_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n must_v have_v be_v grant_v as_o i_o have_v already_o prove_v out_o of_o bracton_n speak_v of_o this_o caruage_n de_fw-la consensu_fw-la &_o communi_fw-la consilio_fw-la totiut_a regni_fw-la for_o otherwise_o these_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la can_v never_o have_v charge_v all_o the_o land_n of_o england_n of_o which_o not_o half_o be_v hold_v by_o knight_n service_n and_o to_o make_v it_o yet_o plain_o by_o other_o record_n pray_v see_v another_o of_o the_o 16_o of_o this_o king_n in_o these_o word_n rex_fw-la vicecomiti_a devon_n salutem_fw-la sciatis_fw-la quod_fw-la archiepiscopi_fw-la episc._n abbates_n dorso_n priores_fw-la &_o clerici_fw-la tâ—ras_fw-la habentâ—s_fw-la quae_fw-la ad_fw-la ecclesias_fw-la svas_fw-la non_fw-la pertinent_a comites_fw-la barones_n milites_fw-la liberi_fw-la homines_fw-la &_o villani_n de_fw-fr regno_fw-la nostro_fw-la concesserunt_fw-la nobis_fw-la in_o auxilium_fw-la quadragessmam_fw-la pariem_fw-la omnium_fw-la mâ—bilium_fw-la suorum_fw-la so_o that_o it_o be_v plain_a here_o who_o make_v the_o commune_fw-la
matth._n paris_n sufficient_o show_v this_o grant_n be_v make_v in_o parliament_n that_o the_o word_n proceres_fw-la often_o include_v not_o only_o the_o knight_n of_o shire_n but_o citizen_n and_o burgess_n too_o i_o have_v already_o prove_v when_o i_o speak_v of_o the_o various_a signification_n of_o that_o word_n nor_o be_v your_o interpretation_n of_o liberi_fw-la homines_fw-la for_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la who_o tax_v their_o villani_n any_o other_o than_o a_o mere_a wrest_n of_o these_o word_n for_o if_o they_o be_v only_o those_o who_o give_v for_o themselves_o and_o their_o villain_n who_o you_o suppose_v be_v either_o their_o bondman_n or_o else_o their_o rustic_n or_o husbandman_n it_o be_v absolute_o contrary_a both_o to_o law_n and_o reason_n for_o whoever_o hear_v that_o villain_n or_o bondman_n who_o have_v no_o property_n either_o in_o land_n or_o good_n ever_o pay_v tax_n and_o if_o you_o suppose_v that_o these_o villani_n be_v only_o the_o rustic_a tenant_n in_o socage_n by_o villain_n service_n of_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la than_o it_o be_v plain_a that_o all_o the_o military_a or_o feudatory_a tenant_n of_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la and_o all_o tenant_n in_o free_a socage_n by_o certain_a rent_n be_v exempt_a from_o both_o these_o tax_n since_o they_o be_v not_o so_o much_o as_o once_o mention_v in_o these_o writ_n neither_o can_v be_v comprehend_v under_o these_o villani_n as_o yourself_o must_v acknowledge_v for_o if_o these_o villani_n be_v mere_a rustic_n pray_v tell_v i_o what_o reason_n there_o be_v to_o put_v they_o check_v by_o jowl_n with_o their_o lord_n as_o they_o be_v in_o the_o record_n of_o the_o 16_o of_o hen._n 3._o as_o if_o they_o have_v give_v by_o themselves_o as_o well_o as_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o freeman_n of_o the_o kingdom_n or_o what_o reason_n be_v there_o why_o the_o lord_n as_o the_o word_n be_v in_o your_o record_n give_v pro_fw-la se_fw-la &_o suis_fw-la villanis_fw-la if_o the_o liberi_fw-la homines_fw-la there_o mention_v have_v not_o represent_v they_o which_o can_v never_o have_v be_v say_v with_o any_o sense_n have_v they_o be_v only_o so_o many_o freeman_n or_o master_n over_o their_o slave_n where_o as_o it_o here_o appear_v every_o one_o of_o these_o order_n or_o degree_n of_o man_n here_o mention_v have_v a_o equal_a independent_a power_n to_o give_v for_o themselves_o and_o not_o one_o for_o another_o or_o else_o this_o word_n may_v be_v mean_v in_o a_o large_a sense_n as_o in_o the_o record_n of_o the_o 16_o of_o hen._n 3._o where_o they_o be_v put_v in_o the_o nominative_a case_n as_o equal_a to_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o order_n of_o man_n there_o recite_v and_o so_o can_v not_o be_v husbandman_n or_o mere_a villager_n but_o the_o inhabitant_n pof_o city_n and_o burrough_n and_o which_o sense_n sir_n henry_n spellman_n allow_v in_o his_o glossary_n villanus_fw-la est_fw-la qui_fw-la iâ—_n villa_n habitas_fw-la ut_fw-la vrbanus_n ab_fw-la urbe_fw-la etc._n etc._n villa_n autem_fw-la propria_fw-la â—â—â—at_fw-la viculum_fw-la rusticanum_fw-la sed_fw-la a_o â—e_n more_fw-it gallici_fw-la idiomatis_fw-la eraducitur_fw-la ad_fw-la insignia_fw-la oppidu_fw-la &_o ad_fw-la ipsas_fw-la urbes_fw-la but_o take_v it_o in_o what_o sense_n you_o please_v it_o be_v plain_a it_o can_v never_o here_o mean_a mere_a villager_n nor_o can_v all_o your_o liberi_fw-la hominesâ—e_o â—e_z only_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la for_o then_o the_o record_n will_v have_v conclude_v thus_o &_o liberi_fw-la homines_fw-la qui_fw-la de_fw-la nobis_fw-la tenent_fw-la in_o capite_fw-la as_o it_o be_v in_o the_o record_n you_o have_v cite_v of_o the_o 10_o of_o hen._n 3._o to_o the_o sheriff_n of_o suffex_n and_o may_v be_v find_v in_o many_o other_o record_n which_o respect_v only_a tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la and_o for_o further_a proof_n of_o this_o sense_n of_o the_o word_n villanus_fw-la we_o need_v go_v no_o far_o than_o these_o very_a record_n themselves_o of_o the_o 16_o and_o 21th_o of_o hen._n 3._o which_o you_o and_o i_o have_v now_o make_v use_n of_o in_o both_o which_o writ_n there_o be_v certain_a person_n appoint_v to_o assess_n and_o collect_v the_o aid_n in_o every_o county_n and_o who_o by_o virtue_n of_o these_o writ_n do_v cause_n to_o be_v elect_v four_o of_o the_o best_a and_o most_o lawful_a man_n de_fw-fr singulis_fw-la villis_fw-la of_o each_o hundred_o in_o the_o county_n there_o mention_v and_o then_o the_o villani_n will_v signify_v in_o these_o writ_n not_o villain_n or_o mere_a rustic_n who_o be_v not_o then_o reckon_v inter_fw-la lâ—galea_n homines_fw-la and_o though_o it_o be_v true_a you_o have_v bring_v some_o precedent_n to_o prove_v that_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la give_v tax_n for_o their_o feudatary_a tenant_n yet_o that_o be_v only_a where_o the_o tax_n be_v raise_v upon_o knight_n fee_n alone_o and_o not_o upon_o all_o the_o â—ands_n of_o the_o kingdom_n in_o general_n much_o less_o upon_o good_n and_o chattel_n so_o that_o either_o the_o liberi_fw-la homines_a mention_v in_o these_o record_n must_v mean_v all_o the_o freeman_n of_o england_n who_o by_o their_o representative_n give_v these_o tax_n of_o a_o 40th_o or_o 30_o paâ—t_n for_o themselves_o and_o all_o such_o of_o their_o tenant_n who_o hold_v estate_n of_o copyhold_n lease_n for_o year_n or_o at_o will_n or_o have_v estate_n in_o stock_n money_n or_o other_o chattel_n nor_o otherwise_o can_v these_o tax_n ever_o have_v be_v general_a not_o charge_v upon_o movable_a good_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n i_o have_v but_o one_o thing_n more_o to_o remark_n upon_o your_o observation_n of_o this_o writ_n which_o be_v that_o whereas_o you_o take_v notice_n that_o the_o king_n summons_n be_v direct_v to_o none_o of_o the_o laity_n but_o the_o earl_n and_o baron_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o if_o so_o i_o desire_v you_o to_o prove_v to_o i_o that_o your_o less_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la be_v at_o all_o present_a at_o those_o parliament_n for_o you_o have_v already_o grant_v that_o they_o be_v no_o baron_n and_o consequent_o can_v not_o be_v include_v under_o that_o title_n so_o that_o if_o these_o liberi_fw-la homines_fw-la who_o grant_v this_o tax_n for_o themselves_o and_o their_o tenant_n be_v not_o only_a tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la but_o their_o under_a tenant_n also_o by_o military_a service_n as_o the_o doctor_n himself_o grant_v in_o his_o answer_n to_o argumentum_fw-la antinormannicum_fw-la p._n 25._o as_o also_o in_o his_o glossary_n p._n 51._o therefore_o unless_o you_o can_v prove_v that_o your_o liberi_fw-la homines_fw-la be_v all_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la you_o will_v never_o make_v out_o that_o none_o but_o they_o and_o the_o less_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la have_v a_o right_a under_o that_o title_n to_o appear_v at_o our_o great_a council_n or_o parliament_n and_o to_o grant_v aid_n and_o join_v in_o the_o make_n of_o law_n for_o themselves_o and_o the_o rest_n of_o he_o nation_n before_o the_o time_n you_o allow_v to_o conclude_v unless_o you_o can_v also_o prove_v that_o there_o be_v a_o tenure_n in_o capite_fw-la of_o good_n and_o chattel_n as_o well_o as_o of_o land_n it_o will_v appear_v by_o these_o aid_n grant_v in_o parliament_n of_o personal_a estate_n that_o all_o freeman_n or_o freeholder_n be_v alike_o free_a and_o consequent_o have_v the_o same_o right_a to_o appear_v in_o parliament_n either_o by_o themselves_o or_o their_o representative_n m._n but_o pray_v make_v out_o if_o you_o can_v by_o some_o more_o evident_a proof_n that_o any_o other_o beside_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la be_v admit_v into_o our_o great_a council_n and_o that_o these_o liberi_fw-la homines_fw-la be_v not_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la f._n i_o think_v i_o need_v go_v no_o further_o than_o the_o first_o word_n of_o the_o agreement_n between_o king_n john_n and_o the_o baron_n which_o be_v still_o extant_a on_o the_o close_a roll_n of_o the_o 17_o of_o this_o king_n m._n 2._o dorso_fw-la begin_v thus_o have_v est_fw-la convenâ—io_fw-la inter_fw-la dominum_fw-la johannem_fw-la regem_fw-la angliae_fw-la ex_fw-la una_fw-la parte_fw-la &_o robertum_fw-la filii_fw-la walteri_fw-la marescalli_n exerciâ—us_fw-la dei_fw-la &_o sanctae_fw-la ecclesia_fw-la angliae_fw-la &_o ricâ—_n comiâ—em_fw-la dâ—_n clare_n etc._n etc._n and_o here_o follow_v the_o name_n of_o divers_a of_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o earl_n and_o baron_n &_o allos_fw-la comites_fw-la &_o barones_n &_o liboros_fw-la homines_fw-la totius_fw-la angliâ—e_fw-la so_o that_o it_o be_v clear_a this_o charter_n be_v grant_v in_o a_o great_a council_n of_o the_o whole_a nation_n in_o which_o be_v assemble_v not_o only_o the_o bishop_n earl_n and_o baron_n with_o all_o your_o less_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la but_o also_o all_o the_o clergy_n as_o well_o the_o inferior_a as_o superior_a and_o all_o the_o freeman_n or_o considerable_a freeholder_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n or_o as_o mr._n selden_n word_n it_o in_o his_o title_n
other_o weapon_n and_o the_o second_o article_n of_o king_n john_n charter_n say_v express_o concessimus_fw-la etiam_fw-la &_o omnibut_fw-la liberis_fw-la hominibus_fw-la nostris_fw-la regui_fw-la anglia_fw-it pro_fw-la nobis_fw-la &_o haeâ—elibus_fw-la nostris_fw-la in_o perpetuum_fw-la omnes_fw-la liberate_v subscriptas_fw-la â—abeâ—das_fw-la &_o â—enandas_fw-la eye_v &_o haeredibus_fw-la â—uit_fw-la de_fw-fr nobia_n &_o hâ—rodibus_fw-la nostris_fw-la which_o the_o dr._n himself_o render_v thus_o we_o have_v also_o grant_v to_o all_o our_o freeman_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o england_n etc._n etc._n and_o sure_o then_o this_o charter_n can_v not_o be_v make_v to_o none_o but_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la unless_o you_o will_v suppose_v that_o none_o but_o they_o be_v freeman_n and_o all_o the_o rest_n slave_n nor_o be_v this_o charter_n only_o make_v to_o relax_v the_o severity_n of_o the_o feudal_n tenor_n as_o you_o suppose_v since_o there_o be_v divers_a other_o clause_n in_o it_o which_o concern_v all_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o freeman_n and_o free_a holder_n in_o england_n as_o well_o as_o they_o for_o beside_o the_o first_o and_o second_o chapter_n of_o this_o charter_n which_o grant_v and_o confirm_v to_o the_o church_n of_o england_n and_o to_o all_o the_o freeman_n of_o the_o nation_n their_o right_n and_o liberty_n if_o you_o please_v better_a to_o consider_v it_o you_o will_v find_v that_o there_o be_v several_a other_o chapter_n in_o this_o charter_n which_o all_o other_o freeman_n as_o well_o as_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la have_v thereby_o a_o interest_n in_o as_o you_o may_v see_v by_o the_o 10_o 11_o 12_o 13._o 15_o 16._o 22_o 23_o 24_o 25._o and_o above_o 30_o other_o chapter_n or_o clause_n therein_o express_v which_o be_v grant_v not_o to_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la alone_o but_o either_o to_o ecclesiastic_n or_o other_o lay_v freeman_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n but_o to_o prove_v this_o a_o little_a further_o i_o shall_v give_v you_o but_o one_o or_o two_o instance_n out_o of_o this_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la and_o that_o too_o in_o the_o drs._n own_o translation_n article_n 48._o no_o freman_n shall_v be_v take_v or_o imprison_v or_o disseise_v of_o his_o free_a tenement_n or_o liberty_n or_o free_a custom_n or_o outlawed_n or_o banish_v or_o any_o way_n destroy_v nor_o will_v we_o pass_v upon_o he_o or_o commit_v he_o to_o prison_n unless_o by_o the_o legal_a judgement_n of_o his_o peer_n or_o by_o the_o law_n of_o the_o land_n i._n e._n by_o legal_a process_n the_o other_o be_v the_o 49._o article_n of_o this_o charter_n that_o we_o will_v not_o sell_v to_o any_o man_n we_o will_v not_o deny_v any_o maâ—_n or_o delay_v right_o or_o justice_n now_o judge_v yourself_o whether_o these_o two_o article_n be_v make_v to_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la alone_o or_o to_o all_o the_o freeman_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n and_o hence_o it_o also_o plain_o appear_v that_o the_o same_o body_n of_o freeman_n to_o who_o 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it_o but_o pray_v answer_v i_o a_o few_o plain_a question_n concern_v king_n john_n charter_n which_o if_o you_o can_v resolve_v i_o may_v be_v incline_v to_o believe_v there_o may_v be_v some_o other_o great_a council_n beside_o that_o of_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la the_o first_o be_v if_o this_o common_a council_n of_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la be_v for_o assess_v of_o aid_n and_o escuage_z only_z as_o you_o suppose_v it_o be_v provide_v by_o the_o last_o clâ—use_n of_o this_o charter_n why_o be_v the_o cause_n of_o the_o meeting_n to_o be_v declare_v in_o every_o writ_n of_o summons_n to_o the_o great_a baron_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la 170._o if_o they_o be_v only_o summon_v about_o aid_n and_o escuage_z or_o other_o ordinary_a business_n of_o course_n sure_o than_o the_o cause_n of_o summons_n need_v not_o to_o have_v be_v declare_v as_o it_o be_v here_o provide_v in_o omnibus_fw-la litâ—er_fw-la be_v submonitionis_fw-la causam_fw-la submonitionis_fw-la illius_fw-la 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and_o aâ—â—s_n of_o parliament_n but_o to_o answer_v your_o question_n i_o suppose_v that_o the_o king_n beside_o the_o ordinary_a business_n of_o their_o assessing_a escuage_z have_v often_o other_o affair_n of_o great_a moment_n to_o be_v transact_v with_o and_o communicate_v to_o his_o bishop_n great_a lord_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la in_o which_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o kingdom_n be_v not_o at_o all_o concern_v such_o as_o give_v the_o king_n their_o advice_n as_o a_o great_a council_n concern_v divers_a weighty_a affair_n as_o in_o the_o business_n of_o sicily_n mention_v in_o the_o first_o record_n i_o have_v cite_v as_o also_o about_o undertake_v foreign_a war_n against_o france_n scotland_n wales_n etc._n etc._n in_o which_o they_o be_v bind_v to_o follow_v and_o assist_v he_o together_o with_o their_o under-tenant_n according_a to_o their_o respective_a tenor_n and_o therefore_o it_o be_v but_o reason_n
it_o be_v manifest_a that_o at_o those_o time_n the_o common_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n be_v hold_v and_o from_o this_o also_o as_o from_o the_o former_a instance_n that_o the_o barones_n principes_fw-la &_o optimates_fw-la &_o mayres_z regni_n do_v at_o those_o great_a feast_n pro_fw-la more_o according_a to_o the_o custom_n frequent_v the_o king_n court_n and_o be_v the_o only_a person_n that_o constitute_v that_o great_a assembly_n f._n but_o pray_v give_v i_o leave_v to_o interrupt_v you_o a_o little_a do_v not_o i_o tell_v you_o but_o now_o that_o the_o king_n do_v often_o convene_v the_o common_a council_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n to_o meet_v the_o bishop_n great_a lord_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la at_o one_o of_o these_o feast_n 130._o and_o so_o it_o may_v be_v a_o assembly_n ex_fw-la more_fw-it in_o respect_n of_o they_o but_o extraordinary_a to_o all_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o this_o often_o happen_v at_o other_o time_n as_o well_o as_o at_o 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abbate_n ut_fw-la quod_fw-la isli_fw-la duodecim_fw-la providerâ—nt_fw-la in_o communi_fw-la recitaretur_fw-la nec_fw-la aliqua_fw-la forma_fw-la domino_fw-la regi_fw-la ostenderetur_fw-la authoritate_fw-la duodecim_fw-la nisi_fw-la omnium_fw-la communis_fw-la assensus_fw-la interveniret_fw-la from_o which_o last_o passage_n it_o appear_v plain_a to_o i_o that_o in_o this_o parliament_n the_o several_a order_n of_o man_n that_o be_v the_o constituent_a part_n of_o it_o be_v only_o the_o bishop_n abbot_n prior_n earl_n and_o baron_n and_o that_o all_o these_o put_v together_o be_v term_v the_o common_a university_n which_o be_v more_o comprehensive_a than_o university_n simple_o take_v now_o if_o the_o commons_o as_o at_o this_o day_n represent_v have_v be_v there_o we_o must_v have_v have_v some_o mention_n of_o they_o one_o way_n or_o other_o as_o well_o as_o of_o the_o committee_n of_o the_o other_o order_n which_o make_v up_o the_o general_a committee_n of_o twelve_o so_o that_o 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cum_fw-la communitate_fw-la â—ota_fw-la râ—gni_fw-la angliae_fw-la communiter_fw-la &_o concorditer_fw-la approbata_fw-la now_o pray_v what_o can_v these_o word_n communitate_fw-la â—ota_fw-la here_o signify_v but_o another_o body_n of_o man_n distinct_a from_o the_o earl_n and_o baron_n or_o else_o it_o will_v be_v a_o gross_a tautology_n and_o pray_v compare_v this_o form_n of_o the_o peace_n now_o mention_v with_o the_o writ_n of_o summons_n of_o the_o 49th_o of_o this_o king_n when_o your_o dr._n grant_v the_o commons_o be_v summon_v to_o parliament_n after_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o they_o be_v now_o and_o see_v if_o there_o be_v any_o change_n in_o the_o term_n and_o for_o proof_n of_o this_o we_o need_v go_v no_o further_o than_o the_o very_a writ_n of_o expense_n for_o the_o wage_n of_o the_o knight_n of_o shire_n which_o the_o dr._n himself_o have_v give_v we_o at_o large_a in_o his_o answer_n to_o mr._n â—_o it_o be_v the_o 49th_o of_o hen._n iii_o to_o the_o sheriff_n of_o 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none_o but_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la have_v perform_v these_o varias_fw-la praesâ—aâ—iones_fw-la in_o the_o writ_n and_o that_o none_o but_o they_o then_o contribute_v to_o these_o expense_n of_o the_o knight_n of_o shire_n otherwise_o these_o word_n must_v plain_o signify_v the_o commons_o in_o general_a as_o they_o do_v in_o the_o like_a writ_n of_o the_o 28_o of_o king_n edward_n i._n which_o i_o shall_v give_v you_o by_o and_o by_o but_o i_o shall_v first_o show_v you_o a_o few_o other_o record_n of_o this_o king_n reign_n 16._o concern_v the_o word_n la_fw-fr câ—mmunâ—_n which_o mr._n p._n have_v give_v we_o they_o be_v in_o the_o patent_n roll_v of_o the_o 51st_o of_o this_o king_n wherein_o he_o by_o the_o council_n and_o assent_n of_o the_o king_n of_o the_o roman_n &_o des_fw-fr counâ—s_n &_o des_fw-fr baron_n &_o la_fw-fr commune_fw-la de_fw-fr la_fw-fr terre_fw-fr pardon_n the_o earl_n of_o gloucester_n and_o all_o his_o company_n so_o likewise_o in_o the_o same_o roll_n the_o king_n by_o the_o council_n and_o assent_v of_o the_o say_a count_n &_o baron_n &_o de_fw-fr la_fw-fr commune_fw-la de_fw-fr la_fw-fr terre_fw-fr pardon_n the_o city_n of_o london_n all_o manner_n of_o rancour_n and_o ill_a will._n now_o pray_v tell_v i_o a_o reason_n why_o shall_v not_o the_o word_n la_fw-fr commune_fw-la in_o these_o act_n of_o pardon_n signify_v the_o same_o thing_n as_o the_o word_n communitas_fw-la in_o the_o form_n of_o the_o peace_n and_o in_o the_o writ_n of_o expense_n of_o the_o 49th_o now_o cite_v since_o they_o come_v immediate_o after_o the_o count_n &_o baron_n and_o so_o must_v needs_o signify_v a_o body_n of_o man_n distinct_a from_o they_o for_o there_o be_v the_o same_o reason_n why_o the_o word_n la_fw-fr commune_fw-la de_fw-fr la_fw-fr terre_fw-fr shall_v here_o signify_v the_o commâ—ns_n of_o the_o land_n as_o that_o the_o word_n communitates_fw-la comitatus_fw-la shall_v signify_v the_o community_n or_o commons_o of_o the_o whole_a county_n m._n will_v you_o give_v i_o leave_v to_o answer_v this_o question_n present_o because_o i_o confess_v it_o be_v very_o material_a before_o you_o proceed_v far_o there_o may_v in_o my_o opinion_n very_o good_a reason_n be_v give_v 1._o why_o the_o word_n communitas_fw-la &_o la_fw-fr commune_fw-la may_v signify_v the_o community_n of_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la in_o the_o form_n of_o the_o peace_n and_o act_n of_o pardon_n and_o yet_o signify_v the_o commons_o of_o the_o county_n in_o general_n in_o the_o writ_n for_o expense_n you_o have_v now_o mention_v as_o first_o because_o the_o subject_a matter_n be_v different_a in_o the_o form_n of_o the_o peace_n and_o act_n of_o pardon_n from_o that_o in_o the_o writ_n of_o expense_n the_o one_o be_v the_o communitas_fw-la regni_fw-la and_o the_o other_o communitas_fw-la comitatus_fw-la only_o call_v also_o in_o the_o plural_a number_n communitates_fw-la comitatuum_fw-la and_o then_o i_o grant_v when_o thus_o use_v it_o always_o signify_v the_o commons_o in_o general_a and_o there_o may_v
at_o the_o end_n but_o the_o king_n himself_o teâ—â—e_o meipso_fw-la and_o far_o both_o agree_v in_o all_o thing_n material_a with_o four_o ancient_a manuscript_n copy_n of_o this_o charter_n of_o the_o 2d_o of_o hen._n iii_o when_o he_o be_v in_o minority_n one_o of_o which_o be_v in_o the_o cuttonian_a library_n a_o second_o be_v late_o in_o possession_n of_o sam_n baldwin_n sergeant_n at_o law_n a_o three_o be_v in_o the_o hand_n of_o john_n cook_n esq_n chief_a prothonotary_n of_o the_o court_n of_o common-plea_n and_o a_o four_o be_v at_o this_o present_a with_o mr._n peryt_n of_o the_o inner-temple_n which_o i_o myself_o have_v see_v but_o to_o put_v this_o out_o of_o all_o doubt_n there_o be_v still_o extant_a a_o fair_a original_a of_o this_o charter_n of_o confirmation_n of_o the_o 9th_o of_o hen._n iii_o when_o he_o be_v of_o full_a age_n under_o the_o great_a seal_n of_o this_o king_n which_o be_v suppose_v to_o have_v belong_v to_o bâ—â—â—ail_v abbey_n and_o be_v now_o to_o be_v see_v in_o the_o hand_n of_o sir_n nathaniel_n powel_n bench_n of_o the_o inner-temple_n who_o be_v so_o civil_a as_o to_o communicate_v it_o to_o all_o who_o have_v the_o curiosity_n to_o see_v so_o great_a a_o rarity_n so_o that_o though_o it_o be_v not_o to_o be_v deny_v but_o that_o the_o charter_n publish_v by_o sir_n edward_n coke_n in_o his_o 2d_o institutes_n be_v proper_o the_o charter_n of_o confirmation_n of_o edw._n i._n since_o boniface_n be_v at_o that_o time_n archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n and_o â—ulk_n bishop_n of_o london_n e._n being_n by_o mistake_n put_v for_o f._n yet_o i_o think_v no_o man_n have_v any_o cause_n to_o doubt_v whether_o that_o clause_n we_o dispute_v about_o be_v not_o in_o all_o the_o copy_n of_o this_o charter_n as_o well_o as_o in_o this_o of_o edward_n 1_n m._n well_o admit_v this_o charter_n to_o be_v as_o ancient_a as_o you_o please_v yet_o let_v i_o tell_v you_o if_o your_o sense_n be_v that_o the_o word_n at_o the_o end_n of_o this_o charter_n viz._n omnes_fw-la de_fw-fr râ—gon_n those_o who_o give_v or_o grant_v this_o subsidy_n be_v member_n of_o that_o parliament_n if_o you_o wiâ—â—_n understand_v it_o so_o and_o according_a to_o the_o literal_a meaning_n of_o the_o word_n than_o omâ—es_v de_fw-fr râ—gnâ—_n 126._o as_o well_o those_o thâ—t_n have_v estate_n in_o land_n as_o those_o that_o have_v not_o all_o copy_n holder_n all_o tradesman_n all_o bondman_n and_o villain_n of_o which_o there_o be_v great_a store_n in_o those_o day_n and_o all_o servant_n be_v member_n of_o parliament_n and_o so_o then_o i_o will_v willing_o understand_v where_o â—ll_a these_o people_n shall_v meet_v how_o their_o council_n shoulâ—_n be_v manage_v and_o how_o it_o be_v possible_a in_o such_o meeting_n i_o any_o such_o there_o can_v be_v to_o prevent_v the_o great_a confusion_n imaginable_a the_o meaning_n then_o of_o the_o word_n must_v be_v that_o the_o archbishop_n bishop_n abbot_z â—arâ—_n baron_n knight_n free-tenant_n and_o all_o of_o the_o kingdom_n or_o all_o the_o king_n subjects_n dederunt_fw-la that_o be_v pay_v a_o fifteen_o part_n of_o their_o movable_n to_o the_o king_n for_o his_o grant_v these_o charter_n not_o that_o they_o themselves_o give_v or_o grant_v this_o subsidy_n and_o it_o be_v reasonable_a to_o conclude_v that_o all_o the_o king_n subject_n pay_v the_o fifteen_o part_n because_o one_o way_n or_o other_o little_a or_o much_o they_o enjoy_v the_o benefit_n of_o they_o i_o take_v this_o to_o be_v the_o genuine_a sense_n of_o the_o word_n but_o mat._n paris_n who_o you_o now_o quote_v make_v it_o very_o apparent_a who_o be_v the_o constituent_a â—orts_n of_o this_o parliament_n for_o if_o you_o please_v to_o observe_v the_o man_n to_o who_o the_o chief_a justice_n propose_v this_o fifteen_o and_o those_o who_o consult_v about_o the_o king_n demand_n and_o those_o that_o return_v a_o answer_n to_o they_o and_o also_o grant_v the_o fifteen_o part_n of_o the_o movable_n as_o well_o of_o the_o ecclesiastic_n as_o laiâ—s_n oâ—_n the_o whole_a kingdom_n be_v only_o the_o archbishop_n bishop_n earls_z baron_n abbot_n prior_n and_o therefore_o they_o be_v the_o only_a constituent_a part_n of_o this_o parliament_n as_o they_o be_v also_o of_o the_o parliament_n or_o great_a council_n hold_v at_o merâ—on_n in_o the_o 20_o year_n of_o this_o king_n reign_n whither_o say_v mâ—t._n paris_n consummato_fw-la cum_fw-la gaudio_fw-la nuptiali_fw-la convivio_fw-la rex_fw-la recedens_fw-la a_o londoniâ—s_fw-la venis_fw-la mereroâ—â—m_fw-la ut_fw-la ibi_fw-la revocati_fw-la magnaies_n unà â—um_fw-la rege_fw-la de_fw-la regni_fw-la negotiis_fw-la eâ—ntractarent_fw-la f._n i_o think_v i_o can_v as_o easy_o answer_v this_o small_a objection_n against_o on_o meaning_n of_o these_o word_n at_o the_o end_n of_o this_o charter_n pray_v do_v i_o affirm_v that_o these_o word_n be_v to_o be_v take_v literal_o or_o the_o contrary_a therefore_o you_o do_v ill_a to_o put_v a_o sense_n upon_o i_o which_o i_o do_v not_o allow_v of_o but_o pray_v tell_v who_o ever_o be_v so_o mad_a as_o to_o believe_v that_o these_o word_n be_v to_o be_v understand_v literal_o or_o that_o all_o those_o person_n who_o you_o here_o give_v we_o a_o beadroll_n of_o can_v all_o appear_v in_o parliament_n in_o person_n or_o have_v all_o vote_n at_o the_o election_n of_o parliament_n man_n and_o yet_o for_o all_o that_o this_o clause_n be_v true_a in_o a_o legal_a though_o not_o in_o a_o literal_a sense_n that_o all_o the_o freeman_n of_o the_o kingdom_n grant_v this_o 15_o viz._n that_o the_o prelate_n and_o temporal_a lord_n in_o their_o proper_a person_n and_o all_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o kingdom_n by_o their_o respective_a representative_n grant_v this_o fifteen_o i_o hope_v it_o be_v a_o good_a rule_n in_o your_o civil_a as_o well_o as_o our_o common_a law_n that_o he_o who_o give_v or_o grant_v any_o thing_n by_o his_o sufficient_a proxy_n or_o representative_a be_v say_v to_o perform_v it_o by_o himself_o and_o in_o this_o sense_n all_o the_o man_n in_o the_o kingdom_n give_v or_o grant_v a_o fifteen_o for_o the_o confirmation_n of_o this_o charter_n and_o so_o at_o this_o day_n it_o may_v be_v say_v in_o a_o legal_a sense_n that_o all_o the_o man_n of_o the_o kingdom_n do_v join_v in_o grant_v the_o king_n a_o tax_n by_o themselves_o or_o their_o representative_n in_o parliament_n though_o none_o but_o such_o as_o be_v freeholders_n of_o 40_o â—_o a_o year_n can_v have_v vote_n at_o the_o election_n of_o knight_n of_o the_o shire_n nor_o any_o but_o the_o alderman_n of_o divers_a city_n and_o town_n and_o the_o freeman_n of_o corporation_n and_o the_o scot_n and_o lot-man_n of_o burough_n who_o have_v any_o vote_n at_o the_o election_n of_o citizen_n or_o burgess_n and_o that_o your_o dr._n himself_o though_o he_o have_v mislead_v you_o in_o the_o sense_n of_o this_o word_n dederunt_fw-la yet_o can_v grant_v this_o to_o be_v a_o reasonable_a interpretation_n of_o this_o clause_n when_o he_o be_v in_o a_o good_a humour_n pray_v remember_v his_o comment_n upon_o the_o record_n of_o the_o 34th_o of_o edw._n i._n which_o i_o give_v you_o but_o now_o wherein_o after_o the_o barones_n it_n follow_v that_o milites_fw-la liberi_fw-la homines_fw-la &_o communitates_fw-la comitatuum_fw-la grant_v a_o 30_o part_n of_o their_o movable_n and_o the_o communitates_fw-la civitatum_fw-la &_o burgorum_n a_o 20_o whereupon_o he_o tell_v you_o these_o word_n be_v so_o express_v as_o if_o they_o have_v be_v all_o there_o in_o person_n but_o these_o word_n signify_v no_o more_o then_o that_o the_o knight_n and_o freemen_n give_v by_o their_o representative_n and_o that_o the_o community_n of_o county_n and_o these_o citizen_n and_o burrough_n give_v by_o their_o representative_n and_o why_o these_o milites_fw-la liberi_fw-la homines_fw-la &_o omnes_fw-la de_fw-la regno_fw-la may_v not_o do_v it_o as_o well_o in_o the_o same_o sense_n when_o this_o charter_n be_v grant_v and_o confirm_v i_o shall_v be_v glad_a if_o you_o can_v give_v i_o a_o sufficient_a reason_n so_o that_o i_o shall_v refer_v it_o to_o your_o own_o ingenuity_n to_o consider_v when_o the_o charter_n say_v express_o that_o all_o the_o person_n therein_o mention_v give_v a_o fifteen_o whether_o it_o be_v not_o a_o manifest_a wrest_n of_o the_o grammatical_a signification_n of_o this_o word_n dederunt_fw-la to_o render_v it_o they_o pay_v for_o at_o this_o rate_n a_o man_n may_v make_v word_n signify_v just_a what_o he_o please_v but_o our_o ancient_a english_a historian_n be_v the_o best_a judge_n in_o this_o case_n for_o the_o ancient_a annal_n of_o waverly-abby_n publish_v in_o the_o same_o volume_n i_o last_o mention_v under_o the_o year_n 1225._o have_v give_v we_o a_o short_a account_n of_o the_o grant_v thâ—se_a charter_n 9_o hen._n iii_o recite_v the_o conclusion_n of_o the_o great_a
indeed_o if_o the_o word_n have_v be_v milites_fw-la &_o libere_fw-la tâ—nâ—ntes_fw-la qui_fw-la de_fw-la rege_fw-la tenuerunt_fw-la in_o capite_fw-la you_o have_v say_v somewhat_o but_o otherwise_o it_o be_v all_o mere_a supposition_n without_o any_o ground_n but_o pray_v go_v on_o to_o the_o last_o woâ—ds_n in_o this_o charter_n &_o omnes_fw-la de_fw-la regno_fw-la nostro_fw-la what_o can_v they_o mean_v â—ut_v that_o all_o the_o freeman_n of_o the_o kingdom_n give_v this_o fifteen_o by_o their_o lawful_a representative_a m._n if_o you_o do_v not_o like_o our_o sense_n of_o these_o word_n milites_fw-la and_o libere_fw-la terentes_fw-la i_o can_v help_v it_o nor_o shall_v i_o dispute_v they_o long_o with_o you_o but_o as_o for_o this_o last_o clause_n in_o the_o charter_n 65._o &_o omnes_fw-la de_fw-la regno_fw-la it_o only_a mean_n all_o these_o who_o be_v tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la in_o general_a in_o the_o same_o sense_n as_o when_o our_o ancient_a historian_n mention_v regnum_fw-la &_o sâ—cerdotium_n by_o regnum_fw-la be_v to_o be_v understand_v both_o the_o temporal_a and_o spiritual_a baron_n great_a and_o small_a the_o king_n justice_n or_o any_o other_o that_o exercit_v any_o share_n or_o ministerial_a part_n of_o the_o government_n as_o perhaps_o all_o those_o diâ—_n one_o way_n or_o other_o by_o come_v to_o our_o great_a council_n or_o parliament_n etc._n etc._n all_o which_o be_v evident_a from_o the_o word_n of_o the_o quadri_fw-la partiâ—e_v history_n concern_v thomâ—s_n becket_n thus_o rex_fw-la apud_fw-la clarendun_v regnum_fw-la convo_fw-la aâ—_n universum_fw-la quò_fw-la come_v venisâ—_n ut_fw-la prasules_a &_o proceres_fw-la etc._n etc._n i._n e._n the_o whole_a baronage_n call_v together_o by_o the_o king_n writ_n or_o a_o full_a meeting_n of_o the_o spiritual_a and_o temporal_a baron_n both_o great_a and_o small_a i_o pray_v also_o remember_v that_o passage_n you_o yourself_o make_v use_v of_o but_o now_o out_o of_o mat._n paris_n whereby_o you_o will_v prove_v that_o the_o common_a council_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n be_v distinct_a from_o that_o of_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la because_o that_o after_o the_o curia_n hold_v at_o christmas_n the_o king_n immediate_o issue_v out_o his_o writ_n command_a omnibus_fw-la ad_fw-la regnum_fw-la spectantibus_fw-la to_o appear_v at_o london_n and_o yet_o you_o see_v there_o be_v no_o more_o mention_v to_o be_v summon_v than_o the_o archbishop_n bishop_n abbot_n prior_n earl_n and_o baron_n 65._o so_o that_o we_o may_v hence_o learn_v the_o true_a meaning_n of_o these_o word_n omnes_fw-la de_fw-la regno_fw-la at_o the_o end_n of_o this_o charter_n for_o these_o omnes_fw-la de_fw-la regno_fw-la be_v the_o same_o with_o the_o omnes_fw-la ad_fw-la regnum_fw-la spectantes_fw-la in_o mat._n paris_n the_o regnum_fw-la or_o government_n the_o communitas_fw-la regni_fw-la the_o totalis_fw-la regni_fw-la universitas_fw-la the_o insluita_fw-la nobilium_fw-la multitudo_fw-la and_o also_o give_v we_o the_o meaning_n of_o those_o word_n omnes_fw-la alii_fw-la de_fw-la regno_fw-la in_o the_o close_a roll_n of_o the_o 19_o the_o henry_n the_o three_o dor._n to_o the_o sheriff_n of_o somersershie_n scias_n quod_fw-la comites_fw-la &_o barones_n &_o omnes_fw-la alii_fw-la de_fw-la toto_fw-la regno_fw-la nostro_fw-la etc._n etc._n concesserunt_fw-la etc._n etc._n which_o be_v further_o explain_v by_o a_o writ_n in_o the_o same_o roll_n about_o the_o same_o business_n direct_v to_o the_o sheriff_n of_o sussex_n which_o you_o have_v likewise_o cite_v begin_v thus_o 8._o sciatis_fw-la quod_fw-la arohiepiscopi_n episcopi_fw-la abbates_n priores_fw-la comites_fw-la barones_n &_o omnes_fw-la alii_fw-la de_fw-la regno_fw-la nostro_fw-la angliae_fw-la qui_fw-la de_fw-la nobis_fw-la tenent_fw-la in_o capire_n nobis_fw-la concesserunt_fw-la etc._n etc._n here_o the_o omnes_fw-la alii_fw-la de_fw-la regno_fw-la be_v the_o omnes_fw-la qui_fw-la de_fw-la nobis_fw-la tenant_n in_fw-la capite_fw-la which_o be_v then_o all_o the_o regnum_fw-la or_o communitas_fw-la regni_fw-la so_o likewise_o it_o may_v be_v far_o prove_v from_o a_o record_n of_o the_o 48_o the_o of_o henry_n the_o three_o 5._o rex_fw-la omnibus_fw-la etc._n etc._n cum_fw-la venerabiles_fw-la patres_fw-la g._n e._n eborum_fw-la archiepiscopus_fw-la etc._n etc._n &_o alii_fw-la praelati_fw-la magnates_fw-la milites_fw-la libere_fw-la tenentes_fw-la &_o omnes_fw-la alii_fw-la de_fw-la regno_fw-la nobis_fw-la nuper_fw-la in_o articulo_fw-la necessitatiâ—_n servitium_fw-la fecerunt_fw-la &_o sulisidium_fw-la etc._n etc._n and_o i_o may_v also_o put_v you_o in_o mind_n of_o the_o writ_n i_o cite_v but_o now_o direct_v archiepiscopis_fw-la episcopis_fw-la etc._n etc._n comitibus_fw-la baronibus_fw-la militibus_fw-la &_o omnibus_fw-la aliis_fw-la de_fw-la comiâ—aru_n kanciae_fw-la etc._n etc._n for_o the_o lew_v of_o forty_o shilling_n upon_o every_o knight_n he_o in_o that_o country_n now_o this_o writ_n can_v not_o be_v direct_v to_o all_o the_o man_n in_o kent_n but_o to_o all_o such_o as_o pay_v scutage_n for_o not_o a_o forty_o part_n of_o they_o be_v tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la or_o military_a service_n so_o that_o these_o omnes_fw-la alii_fw-la de_fw-la regno_fw-la and_o omnes_fw-la alii_fw-la comitatus_fw-la be_v the_o same_o one_o with_o the_o other_o and_o otherwise_o it_o can_v not_o be_v for_o by_o omnes_fw-la de_fw-la regno_fw-la or_o omnes_fw-la alii_fw-la de_fw-la regno_fw-la the_o inhabitant_n in_o general_n can_v not_o be_v understand_v for_o they_o never_o be_v summon_v no_o not_o the_o hundred_o part_n of_o they_o to_o meet_v in_o great_a council_n for_o it_o be_v impossible_a they_o shall_v and_o perhaps_o not_o above_o a_o four_o part_n of_o the_o kingdom_n pay_v to_o this_o fifteen_o if_o we_o consider_v how_o many_o servant_n villainâ—_n bondman_n and_o many_o such_o people_n there_o be_v than_o in_o the_o nation_n that_o pay_v nothing_o f._n you_o have_v take_v a_o great_a deal_n of_o pain_n to_o perplex_v and_o darken_v word_n in_o themselves_o very_o clear_a and_o perspicuous_a for_o methinks_v it_o be_v a_o strange_a piece_n of_o confidence_n in_o your_o doctor_n when_o the_o charter_n say_v expresy_o that_o omnes_fw-la dâ—_n regno_fw-la all_o the_o freeman_n of_o the_o kingdom_n give_v this_o 15_o to_o restrain_v this_o act_n only_o to_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la who_o be_v but_o a_o few_o in_o comparison_n to_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n this_o be_v indeed_o to_o make_v word_n signify_v any_o thing_n he_o fancy_v but_o to_o answer_v your_o authority_n which_o be_v found_v all_o upon_o false_a supposition_n without_o any_o proof_n as_o to_o your_o authority_n from_o the_o quadrilogus_fw-la history_n of_o thomas_n bâ—ecket_n it_o be_v true_a that_o the_o praesules_fw-la and_o prâ—ceres_fw-la be_v there_o call_v regnum_fw-la the_o kingdom_n but_o i_o have_v already_o prove_v at_o our_o last_o meet_v that_o this_o word_n proceres_fw-la be_v of_o so_o comprehensive_a signification_n that_o it_o take_v in_o all_o the_o principal_a man_n of_o the_o kingdom_n as_o well_o those_o that_o be_v lord_n as_o those_o that_o be_v not_o so_o that_o the_o chief_a citizen_n and_o magistrate_n of_o our_o city_n and_o great_a town_n be_v often_o style_v proceres_fw-la &_o magnates_fw-la civitatum_fw-la in_o our_o ancient_a historian_n and_o record_n and_o certain_o the_o great_a freeholders_n or_o knight_n of_o shire_n do_v much_o more_o just_o deserve_v that_o title_n as_o for_o the_o other_o passage_n out_o of_o mat._n paris_n where_o the_o bishop_n abbot_n earl_n and_o baron_n be_v call_v omnes_fw-la ad_fw-la regnum_fw-la spectantes_fw-la this_o be_v but_o a_o general_a way_n of_o expression_n in_o this_o author_n and_o prove_v nothing_o for_o either_o the_o word_n barones_n take_v in_o all_o the_o small_a tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la or_o it_o do_v not_o if_o the_o latter_a than_o this_o author_n do_v not_o exact_o recite_v all_o the_o order_n of_o man_n who_o yourself_o must_v acknowledge_v to_o have_v appear_v there_o since_o the_o great_a baron_n alone_o can_v never_o make_v this_o infinita_fw-la nobilium_fw-la multitudo_fw-la mention_v in_o this_o author_n if_o the_o former_a than_o it_o be_v plain_a that_o he_o thereby_o comprehend_v more_o than_o those_o who_o be_v real_o baron_n since_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o the_o small_a tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la be_v not_o so_o nor_o be_v so_o much_o as_o call_v so_o in_o king_n john_n charter_n and_o then_o make_v the_o most_o of_o this_o word_n barones_n it_o may_v in_o a_o large_a and_o common_a acceptation_n take_v in_o all_o the_o chief_a freeholders_n or_o lord_n of_o manor_n which_o as_o i_o have_v already_o prove_v be_v often_o call_v baron_n in_o our_o ancient_a historian_n and_o law_n of_o the_o first_o norman_n king_n and_o mr._n cambden_n tell_v we_o that_o under_o the_o word_n baronagium_n omnes_fw-la regni_fw-la ordines_fw-la continarentur_fw-la this_o i_o say_v suppose_v that_o by_o this_o infinita_fw-la nobilium_fw-la multitudo_fw-la be_v to_o be_v understand_v all_o the_o chief_n gentry_n or_o freeholders_n of_o england_n call_v often_o nobilitas_fw-la angliae_fw-la as_o i_o have_v already_o make_v
to_o the_o like_a exaction_n of_o his_o son_n hâ—n_o the_o three_o which_o be_v brand_v by_o all_o writer_n as_o horrible_a and_o illegal_a oppression_n nay_o be_v own_a to_o be_v so_o by_o this_o king_n frequent_a confirmation_n of_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la and_o acknowledgement_n of_o his_o breach_n of_o they_o and_o promise_v to_o observe_v they_o better_o for_o the_o future_a but_o i_o be_o sorry_a to_o find_v your_o doctor_n who_o you_o follow_v both_o in_o his_o answer_n to_o mr._n p._n and_o mr._n a._n as_o also_o in_o his_o complete_a history_n still_o to_o cite_v the_o most_o violent_a and_o illegal_a action_n nay_o the_o very_a perjury_n for_o â—lowers_n of_o the_o crown_n and_o royal_a prerogative_n but_o as_o for_o the_o authority_n you_o urge_v for_o this_o king_n talliate_v his_o demesne_n without_o consent_n of_o parliament_n you_o yourself_o grant_v that_o this_o talliage_n be_v not_o general_a upon_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n and_o if_o so_o can_v only_o concern_v his_o own_o tenant_n in_o ancient_a demesn_a and_o none_o else_o who_o be_v always_o exempt_v from_o be_v tax_v with_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o nation_n because_o they_o be_v liable_a to_o yield_v the_o king_n a_o reasonable_a talliage_n ratione_fw-la tenurae_fw-la whensoever_o he_o need_v it_o yet_o this_o be_v count_v rather_o a_o privilege_n than_o otherwise_o since_o they_o be_v not_o only_o free_a from_o all_o other_o burden_n and_o parliamentary_a attendance_n but_o be_v also_o tax_v much_o less_o than_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o nation_n in_o regard_n of_o their_o tilling_n the_o king_n land_n but_o when_o this_o reasonable_a prerogative_n grow_v to_o be_v abuse_v and_o the_o exaction_n levy_v upon_o they_o become_v intolerable_a than_o they_o will_v no_o long_o suffer_v it_o but_o get_v it_o take_v away_o by_o the_o statute_n de_fw-fr tallagio_n non_fw-la concedendo_fw-la after_o which_o we_o find_v the_o tenant_n in_o ancient_a demesne_n frequent_o give_v their_o share_n of_o aide_n and_o subsidy_n in_o parliament_n by_o delegate_n of_o their_o own_o as_o in_o the_o record_n of_o the_o 35_o the_o of_o edward_n the_o first_o which_o you_o have_v now_o cite_v till_o at_o last_o they_o come_v to_o be_v resolve_v into_o the_o common_a body_n of_o the_o kingdom_n but_o aâ—_n for_o the_o city_n of_o london_n it_o be_v never_o take_v for_o part_n of_o the_o king_n demean_n and_o so_o be_v not_o to_o be_v find_v in_o doom_n day_n book_n but_o as_o appear_v by_o record_n hold_v of_o the_o king_n in_o capite_fw-la and_o therefore_o can_v be_v no_o otherwise_o tax_v then_o as_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la that_o be_v by_o the_o common_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o this_o make_v the_o londoner_n deny_v to_o be_v otherwise_o talliate_v as_o appear_v by_o this_o record_n of_o henry_n the_o three_o which_o you_o have_v now_o cite_v but_o the_o truth_n be_v they_o have_v this_o exaction_n first_o lay_v upon_o they_o in_o the_o exorbitant_a reign_n of_o king_n john_n and_o this_o be_v afterward_o trump_v again_o upon_o they_o in_o all_o the_o ill_a part_n of_o his_o son_n government_n because_o his_o father_n have_v do_v it_o before_o and_o i_o doubt_v not_o but_o if_o shipmoney_n have_v pass_v unquestioned_a and_o be_v as_o often_o pay_v in_o the_o reign_n of_o k._n charles_n the_o first_o but_o that_o it_o will_v have_v be_v urge_v as_o a_o precedent_n in_o the_o reign_n of_o charles_n the_o second_o but_o as_o for_o your_o last_o authority_n of_o the_o 33_o d._n of_o edward_n the_o first_o pray_v take_v notice_n that_o it_o be_v before_o the_o statute_n de_fw-fr tallagio_n non_fw-la concedendo_fw-la and_o extend_v only_o to_o such_o estate_n in_o ancient_a demesn_a as_o be_v hold_v of_o the_o king_n by_o nobleman_n or_o gentleman_n either_o by_o gift_n or_o purchase_v and_o which_o for_o all_o that_o still_o keep_v the_o ancient_a custom_n of_o be_v talliate_v by_o the_o king_n as_o their_z under_z tenant_n be_v by_o they_o to_o enable_v the_o lord_n to_o pay_v the_o king_n talliage_n and_o in_o this_o sense_n i_o understand_v these_o word_n in_o this_o record_n unde_fw-la sunt_fw-la in_o tenantia_fw-la i._n e._n of_o which_o they_o be_v in_o tenancy_n to_o the_o king_n nor_o do_v the_o record_n call_v they_o dominica_n sua_fw-la as_o it_o do_v the_o king_n demesn_n that_o follow_v so_o that_o this_o can_v not_o be_v a_o tax_n upon_o all_o under_o tenant_n by_o knight_n service_n as_o you_o suppose_v sinâ—e_v their_o estate_n be_v never_o call_v antiqua_fw-la dominica_n and_o therefore_o i_o think_v after_o all_o you_o can_v show_v i_o any_o legal_a precedent_n that_o our_o king_n claim_v a_o right_n under_o colour_n of_o their_o prerogative_n of_o tax_v the_o whole_a nation_n de_fw-fr alto_n &_o â—â—sso_fw-la at_o their_o pleasure_n m._n i_o shall_v not_o now_o dispute_v it_o long_o with_o you_o whether_o the_o king_n of_o england_n have_v not_o ancient_o a_o power_n of_o tax_v the_o land_n hold_v of_o they_o without_o the_o consent_n of_o their_o great_a council_n but_o thus_o much_o i_o think_v i_o may_v safe_o aver_v that_o when_o this_o great_a charter_n be_v make_v the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la as_o the_o common_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n give_v tax_n and_o make_v law_n not_o only_o for_o themselves_o but_o their_o mesne_n tenant_n and_o the_o whole_a nation_n also_o nor_o be_v this_o at_o all_o unreasonable_a that_o those_o who_o thus_o hold_v estate_n by_o mesne_n tenure_n under_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la shall_v be_v bind_v by_o the_o act_n of_o those_o of_o who_o they_o hold_v they_o 171._o since_o we_o see_v in_o scotland_n that_o at_o this_o day_n none_o sit_v there_o either_o as_o commissioner_n of_o shire_n or_o burgess_n for_o the_o royal_a burough_n but_o such_o as_o hold_v in_o capite_fw-la of_o the_o king_n for_o ancient_o before_o the_o law_n for_o excuse_v the_o small_a baron_n and_o free_a tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la and_o send_v commissioner_n of_o shire_n in_o their_o stead_n be_v introduce_v by_o a_o statuâ—e_n make_v in_o the_o seven_o parliament_n of_o k._n jam._n 1._o a._n dom._n 1420_o it_o consist_v all_o of_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la viz._n of_o the_o bishop_n abbot_n prior_n earl_n baron_n &_o libere_fw-la tenentibus_fw-la qui_fw-la de_fw-la râ—ge_a tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la as_o appear_v by_o the_o very_a word_n in_o the_o latin_a title_n to_o divers_a of_o those_o statute_n as_o you_o may_v find_v they_o in_o slenes_n collection_n of_o scotch_a law_n now_o if_o this_o law_n do_v ancient_o and_o do_v still_o prevail_v in_o scotland_n that_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la shall_v be_v the_o sole_a representative_n of_o that_o whole_a kingdom_n i_o can_v see_v any_o reason_n why_o it_o may_v not_o have_v be_v so_o ancient_o in_o englâ—nd_n also_o especial_o since_o i_o can_v give_v you_o so_o good_a reason_n to_o back_o this_o opinion_n m._n i_o will_v answer_v your_o argument_n from_o scotland_n by_o and_o by_o but_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n give_v i_o leave_v to_o tell_v you_o why_o i_o think_v it_o can_v never_o have_v be_v the_o custom_n in_o england_n and_o that_o for_o two_o reason_n first_o because_o it_o be_v against_o reason_n and_o 2_o lie_v because_o it_o be_v against_o the_o know_a law_n of_o the_o kingdom_n that_o it_o be_v against_o reason_n be_v apparent_a since_o what_o reason_n be_v there_o that_o if_o a_o man_n in_o those_o time_n purchase_v a_o estate_n for_o a_o valuable_a consideration_n of_o a_o lord_n or_o any_o other_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la as_o certain_o thousand_o do_v to_o be_v hold_v either_o by_o knight_n service_n or_o in_o socage_n that_o such_o a_o tenant_n shall_v lie_v at_o the_o mercy_n of_o his_o lord_n to_o dispose_v of_o his_o estate_n in_o tax_n and_o make_v law_n for_o he_o at_o his_o pleasure_n however_o exorbitant_a those_o tax_n be_v or_o inconvenient_a those_o law_n may_v prove_v the_o lord_n be_v no_o representative_a of_o his_o own_o choice_n or_o appointment_n in_o the_o next_o place_n that_o this_o be_v contrary_a to_o the_o receive_a law_n and_o custom_n of_o the_o kingdom_n in_o those_o time_n i_o can_v prove_v by_o two_o very_a sufficient_a authority_n the_o one_o of_o the_o earl_n of_o chester_n the_o other_o of_o the_o bishop_n of_o durham_n now_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o both_o this_o earl_n and_o bishop_n helâ—_n their_o county_n palatine_n in_o capite_fw-la immediate_o of_o the_o king_n nor_o have_v those_o county_n any_o representatives_n in_o parliament_n till_o long_o after_o that_o they_o have_v knight_n of_o shire_n and_o burgess_n grant_v they_o by_o particular_a statute_n make_v for_o that_o purpose_n now_o according_a to_o your_o hypothesis_n all_o the_o freeholder_n and_o inhabitant_n of_o those_o county-palatines_a shall_v have_v be_v bind_v by_o all_o act_n
of_o parliament_n and_o tax_v with_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o kingdom_n as_o often_o as_o there_o be_v law_n make_v and_o tax_n give_v when_o their_o bishop_n or_o earl_n be_v present_a which_o be_v not_o so_o for_o in_o the_o first_o place_n as_o for_o the_o county_n of_o chester_n if_o the_o earl_n have_v be_v the_o representative_a in_o parliament_n of_o his_o tenant_n by_o knight_n service_n or_o otherwise_o as_o also_o of_o all_o the_o abbey_n and_o the_o city_n of_o chester_n itself_o and_o all_o other_o great_a town_n in_o that_o county_n his_o vote_n in_o parliament_n will_v have_v oblige_v all_o of_o they_o and_o there_o will_v have_v be_v no_o need_n of_o a_o common_a council_n or_o parliament_n of_o the_o state_n of_o the_o whole_a county_n in_o which_o they_o then_o make_v law_n and_o tax_v themselves_o as_o a_o separate_a body_n from_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o kingdom_n as_o may_v appear_v from_o these_o follow_a record_n which_o mr._n a._n have_v give_v we_o the_o first_o of_o which_o be_v a_o writ_n of_o k._n edw._n i._n 6._o direct_v archiepiscopis_fw-la episcopis_fw-la abbatibus_fw-la prioriâ—us_fw-la baronibus_fw-la militibus_fw-la &_o omnibus_fw-la â—liis_fw-la fidelibus_fw-la suis_fw-la in_o comitat._n câ—striae_fw-la recite_v that_o whereas_o the_o prelate_n count_n baron_n &_o alii_fw-la de_fw-la regno_fw-la have_v give_v he_o a_o 15_o the_o of_o their_o movable_n he_o desire_v that_o they_o also_o will_v of_o their_o benevolence_n and_o courtesy_n in_o latin_a curialitate_fw-la grant_v he_o the_o like_a subsidy_n which_o note_n can_v not_o be_v do_v out_o of_o a_o common_a council_n so_o likewise_o in_o another_o writ_n of_o the_o 20_o the_o of_o this_o king_n recite_v that_o whereas_o the_o probi_fw-la homines_fw-la b._n &_o communitas_fw-la cestriae_fw-la sicut_fw-la caeteri_fw-la de_fw-la regno_fw-la nostro_fw-la 15_o mam_n partem_fw-la omnium_fw-la mobilium_fw-la suorum_fw-la nobis_fw-la concesserunt_fw-la gratiose_fw-la now_o suppose_v as_o the_o doctor_n always_o do_v that_o these_o probi_fw-la homines_fw-la be_v the_o earl_n tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la what_o can_v this_o word_n communitas_fw-la here_o signify_v but_o another_o sort_n of_o man_n distinct_a from_o they_o viz._n the_o communality_n or_o commons_o of_o that_o county_n and_o which_o be_v also_o remarkable_a this_o county_n be_v now_o fall_v to_o the_o crown_n for_o want_v of_o heir_n male_a of_o the_o last_o earl_n and_o so_o according_a to_o the_o doctor_n notion_n the_o king_n be_v their_o sole_a representative_a need_v not_o to_o have_v be_v behold_v to_o they_o for_o these_o subsidy_n since_o though_o not_o as_o king_n yet_o as_o earl_n of_o chester_n he_o may_v have_v tax_v they_o himself_o which_o yet_o he_o think_v not_o fit_a to_o do_v because_o he_o know_v it_o be_v contrary_a to_o the_o right_n and_o privilege_n of_o that_o county_n which_o have_v ever_o since_o the_o grant_n of_o it_o to_o hugh_n lupus_n by_o will._n i._n always_o be_v tax_v by_o themselves_o which_o privilege_n be_v also_o express_o set_v forth_o in_o a_o supplication_n of_o all_o the_o estate_n of_o this_o county_n palatine_n to_o k._n henry_n the_o six_o which_o mr._n p._n have_v give_v we_o from_o a_o ancient_a copy_n of_o it_o then_o in_o the_o hand_n of_o sir_n thomas_n manwaring_n of_o that_o county_n 46._o baronet_n wherein_o the_o abbot_n prior_n and_o clergy_n baron_n knight_n esquire_n and_o commonalty_n set_v forth_o that_o they_o with_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o earl_n do_v make_v and_o admit_v law_n within_o the_o same_o etc._n etc._n and_o that_o no_o inheritor_n or_o possessor_n within_o the_o say_a county_n be_v chargeable_a or_o liable_a or_o be_v bind_v charge_v or_o hurt_v of_o their_o body_n liberty_n franchise_n land_n good_n or_o possession_n unless_o the_o say_a county_n have_v agree_v unto_o it_o now_o what_o can_v here_o be_v mean_v by_o county_n but_o the_o common_a council_n or_o parliament_n thereof_o since_o otherwise_o 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the_o say_a magnate_n &_o communitas_fw-la to_o grant_v the_o king_n the_o like_a or_o a_o large_a subsidy_n or_o aid_n towards_o the_o maintenance_n of_o his_o war_n which_o have_v be_v altogether_o in_o vain_a if_o the_o bishop_n or_o the_o king_n can_v in_o those_o day_n have_v tax_v this_o county_n at_o their_o pleasure_n now_o if_o these_o great_a tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la can_v not_o tax_n their_o mesne_n tenant_n without_o their_o consent_n much_o less_o can_v the_o rest_n of_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la in_o england_n impose_v tax_n on_o their_o tenant_n in_o military_a service_n or_o in_o socage_n without_o their_o consent_n which_o last_o have_v a_o much_o less_o dependence_n upon_o they_o m._n i_o must_v confess_v i_o never_o consider_v these_o precedent_n of_o the_o county_n palatine_n of_o chester_n and_o durham_n and_o therefore_o can_v say_v nothing_o to_o they_o at_o present_a since_o it_o be_v matter_n of_o fact_n but_o as_o to_o reason_n and_o law_n i_o think_v 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tenant_n by_o reason_n of_o their_o do_v homage_n to_o they_o which_o though_o now_o antiquate_v yet_o eo_fw-la nomine_fw-la their_o land_n be_v many_o way_n liable_a to_o forfeiture_n and_o tax_n too_o so_o that_o upon_o all_o these_o account_n it_o be_v then_o as_o reasonable_a that_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la shall_v in_o those_o day_n make_v law_n and_o grant_v tax_n for_o all_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o kingdom_n as_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la in_o scotland_n shall_v do_v so_o to_o this_o very_a day_n for_o all_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o that_o kingdom_n of_o never_o so_o great_a estate_n and_o to_o this_o argument_n which_o be_v certain_a in_o matter_n of_o fact_n you_o have_v yet_o answer_v nothing_o nor_o do_v i_o believe_v can_v f._n i_o can_v see_v notwithstanding_o what_o you_o have_v now_o say_v that_o the_o superior_a lord_n by_o reason_n of_o homage_n shall_v have_v a_o absolute_a power_n over_o their_o tenant_n estate_n for_o though_o in_o the_o profession_n 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to_o this_o parliament_n i_o conceive_v it_o be_v not_o out_o of_o any_o jealousy_n or_o suspicion_n in_o simon_n monfort_n of_o those_o who_o be_v then_o his_o fast_a friend_n but_o out_o of_o pure_a carelessness_n or_o omission_n of_o the_o clerk_n who_o i_o suppose_v through_o haste_n inadvertency_n or_o multiplicity_n of_o business_n omit_v to_o enter_v the_o name_n of_o all_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o earl_n bishop_n and_o baron_n to_o who_o writ_n of_o summons_n be_v likewise_o send_v and_o that_o i_o do_v not_o speak_v without_o book_n i_o appeal_v to_o the_o record_n itself_o where_o there_o be_v a_o blank_a space_n leave_v unfilled_a of_o about_o four_o inch_n breadth_n which_o can_v be_v leave_v for_o no_o other_o end_n than_o to_o add_v the_o name_n of_o all_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o earl_n and_o baron_n who_o be_v certain_o summon_v to_o that_o parliament_n as_o well_o as_o those_o who_o name_n be_v there_o express_v m._n i_o shall_v not_o long_o dispute_v this_o point_n but_o i_o think_v you_o must_v grant_v that_o the_o commons_o be_v never_o mention_v in_o any_o record_n or_o statute_n of_o this_o king_n for_o after_o his_o victory_n at_o evesham_n he_o call_v a_o parliament_n at_o winchester_n whereto_o we_o do_v not_o find_v any_o commons_o summon_v as_o before_o but_o the_o king_n by_o the_o advice_n of_o his_o magnates_n alone_a seize_v the_o liberty_n of_o the_o city_n of_o london_n and_o also_o they_o give_v he_o all_o the_o land_n of_o the_o late_a rebel_n and_o then_o there_o be_v after_o this_o a_o parliament_n summon_v at_o kenelworth_n in_o the_o 50_o the_o of_o this_o king_n where_o it_o be_v agree_v by_o the_o common_a assent_n of_o the_o bishop_n abbot_n prior_n earl_n baron_n and_o all_o other_o that_o six_o person_n who_o be_v all_o except_o one_o either_o bishop_n or_o baron_n shall_v choose_v six_o other_o and_o the_o whole_a twelve_o be_v to_o judge_v concern_v those_o who_o be_v disinherit_v for_o their_o late_a rebellion_n and_o their_o determination_n or_o award_n be_v call_v dictum_fw-la de_fw-la kenelworth_n and_o be_v make_v to_o better_v the_o condition_n of_o the_o disinherited_a and_o to_o turn_v the_o forfeiture_n and_o loss_n of_o their_o estate_n into_o a_o composition_n for_o they_o after_o the_o value_n of_o five_o year_n purchase_n to_o be_v pay_v at_o two_o or_o three_o short_a payment_n yet_o we_o do_v not_o find_v that_o to_o this_o parliament_n the_o commons_o be_v at_o all_o summon_v but_o to_o the_o contrary_a for_o though_o it_o be_v true_a that_o the_o statute_n give_v we_o all_o their_o name_n yet_o the_o doctor_n further_o prove_v to_o you_o from_o sir_n william_n dugdale_n baronage_n that_o there_o be_v not_o one_o of_o they_o but_o what_o be_v either_o a_o bishop_n or_o a_o great_a baron_n of_o the_o kingdom_n whereas_o have_v there_o be_v any_o commons_o in_o this_o parliament_n they_o will_v certain_o have_v have_v commissioner_n of_o their_o own_o order_n as_o well_o as_o the_o bishop_n and_o lord_n f._n i_o shall_v give_v you_o a_o short_a answer_n to_o your_o authority_n from_o the_o parliament_n of_o winchester_n and_o kenelworth_n as_o for_o the_o former_a you_o must_v own_o that_o all_o the_o roll_n of_o it_o be_v lose_v 144._o and_o that_o there_o be_v no_o more_o leave_v of_o it_o on_o record_n than_o that_o writ_n or_o commission_n which_o the_o doctor_n have_v give_v we_o which_o recite_v that_o by_o the_o unanimous_a consent_n of_o all_o the_o magnatum_fw-la or_o great_a man_n as_o the_o doctor_n render_v it_o the_o king_n have_v the_o seisin_n and_o possession_n of_o all_o the_o rebel_n estate_n give_v to_o he_o which_o be_v no_o argument_n to_o prove_v that_o no_o commons_o be_v there_o since_o i_o have_v so_o often_o make_v out_o that_o under_o this_o wordâ—_n magnatum_fw-la not_o only_a the_o knight_n of_o shire_n but_o citizen_n and_o burgess_n be_v often_o comprehend_v it_o be_v true_a there_o be_v no_o writ_n extant_a to_o prove_v the_o commons_o be_v now_o summon_v neither_o be_v there_o any_o reason_n to_o believe_v the_o contrary_a since_o if_o it_o be_v a_o cunning_a invention_n of_o montfort_n to_o summon_v the_o knight_n citizen_n and_o burgess_n to_o abate_v the_o power_n of_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la it_o be_v sure_a as_o good_a policy_n for_o this_o king_n to_o continue_v so_o politic_a a_o institution_n which_o will_v for_o the_o future_a serve_v for_o so_o good_a a_o balance_n not_o only_o against_o his_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la but_o his_o great_a lord_n also_o as_o for_o the_o parliament_n at_o kenelworth_n i_o shall_v admit_v all_o the_o matter_n of_o fact_n to_o be_v true_a as_o you_o have_v relate_v it_o from_o mat._n westminster_n who_o say_v that_o the_o twelve_o commissioner_n appoint_v to_o draw_v up_o the_o statute_n of_o kenelworth_n be_v choose_v de_fw-la potentioribus_fw-la procerum_fw-la &_o prudentioribus_fw-la praelatorum_fw-la and_o also_o that_o the_o french_a record_n cite_v by_o the_o doctor_n together_o with_o sir_n william_n dugdale_n comment_n upon_o it_o make_v it_o out_o plain_a enough_o that_o the_o lay_v commissioner_n who_o be_v choose_v by_o all_o the_o party_n there_o name_v to_o make_v this_o statute_n be_v all_o great_a earl_n and_o baron_n though_o in_o the_o record_n itself_o only_o style_v knight_n well_o what_o follow_v from_o all_o this_o that_o the_o commons_o can_v have_v no_o hand_n in_o this_o choice_n because_o the_o tous_fw-fr autres_fw-fr or_o omnes_fw-la alii_fw-la mention_v in_o this_o and_o other_o record_n must_v needs_o always_o signify_v the_o small_a sort_n of_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la and_o i_o say_v it_o signify_v the_o commons_o as_o now_o take_v whether_o you_o have_v make_v good_a your_o interpretation_n by_o any_o cogent_a proof_n i_o must_v leave_v to_o your_o own_o ingenuity_n for_o to_o tell_v you_o the_o truth_n i_o think_v your_o doctor_n have_v lead_v you_o astray_o in_o this_o point_n and_o till_o you_o can_v make_v it_o out_o better_o than_o you_o have_v do_v i_o must_v beg_v your_o pardon_n if_o i_o keep_v my_o old_a opinion_n and_o if_o your_o argument_n be_v good_a that_o no_o commoner_n be_v there_o because_o none_o of_o they_o be_v choose_v commissioner_n then_o by_o the_o same_o argument_n none_o of_o the_o small_a tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la be_v there_o neither_o because_o none_o under_o the_o degree_n of_o a_o earl_n or_o baron_n be_v elect_v as_o for_o the_o want_n of_o writ_n of_o summons_n to_o these_o parliament_n if_o that_o be_v to_o be_v the_o rule_n that_o make_v as_o much_o against_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la who_o be_v no_o baron_n nay_o the_o very_a bishop_n and_o abbot_n and_o lord_n since_o there_o be_v no_o writ_n of_o summons_n find_v for_o their_o appearance_n at_o either_o of_o these_o parliament_n and_o so_o the_o king_n may_v call_v who_o he_o please_v m._n in_o the_o first_o place_n it_o do_v not_o follow_v that_o because_o montfort_n have_v summon_v some_o of_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la to_o appear_v for_o all_o the_o rest_n and_o that_o he_o also_o call_v some_o citizen_n and_o burgess_n to_o this_o parliament_n of_o the_o 49_o the_o yet_o the_o king_n may_v have_v very_o good_a reason_n though_o we_o can_v now_o positive_o tell_v what_o they_o be_v nor_o to_o follow_v this_o new_a invention_n of_o monfort_n however_o it_o may_v then_o serve_v the_o turn_n for_o perhaps_o the_o king_n do_v not_o like_o it_o because_o introduce_v by_o a_o rebel_n and_o he_o have_v also_o by_o his_o victory_n at_o evesham_n so_o quell_v the_o power_n of_o the_o great_a lord_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la that_o i_o believe_v he_o be_v afterward_o able_a to_o call_v or_o omit_v who_o of_o they_o he_o please_v according_a to_o the_o testimony_n of_o mr._n cambden_n nameless_a manuscript_n author_n cite_v in_o his_o brittania_n that_o after_o the_o horrid_a trouble_n and_o confusion_n of_o the_o baron_n war_n only_o those_o earl_n and_o baron_n quibus_fw-la rex_fw-la dignatus_fw-la est_fw-la brevia_fw-la summonitionis_fw-la dirigere_fw-la venirent_fw-la ad_fw-la parliamentum_fw-la suum_fw-la &_o non_fw-la alii_fw-la and_o that_o this_o be_v true_a in_o matter_n of_o fact_n i_o shall_v prove_v from_o the_o next_o statute_n of_o hen._n 3._o which_o be_v extant_a viz._n that_o of_o maâ—lâ—bridge_n 145._o make_v in_o the_o 52_o d._n year_n of_o this_o king_n to_o which_o there_o be_v no_o more_o summon_v than_o some_o of_o the_o more_o discreet_a of_o the_o great_a and_o lessâ—r_a baron_n as_o appear_v by_o these_o word_n in_o the_o preface_n to_o that_o statute_n convocatis_fw-la discretioribus_fw-la ejusdem_fw-la regni_fw-la tam_fw-la majoribus_fw-la quam_fw-la minoribus_fw-la brovisum_fw-la est_fw-la &_o statutum_n ac_fw-la concordatum_fw-la etc._n etc._n which_o seem_v to_o have_v be_v do_v by_o the_o king_n
commons_o as_o at_o this_o day_n but_o that_o this_o statute_n be_v make_v by_o the_o common_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o not_o by_o a_o conventicle_n of_o a_o few_o of_o the_o lord_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la summon_v ad_fw-la libitum_fw-la regis_fw-la appear_v by_o all_o the_o original_a writ_n found_v upon_o several_a branch_n of_o this_o statute_n whâ—ch_o be_v to_o be_v see_v in_o the_o register_n recite_v that_o this_o statute_n be_v make_v de_fw-la communi_fw-la concilio_n regni_fw-la 175._o now_o the_o word_n commune_fw-la signify_v no_o more_o than_o general_n and_o how_o can_v this_o be_v call_v a_o general_n council_n which_o only_o consist_v of_o a_o few_o of_o the_o wise_a sort_n of_o bishop_n lord_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la as_o for_o what_o you_o and_o the_o doctor_n cite_v out_o of_o cambden_n nameless_a author_n of_o king_n henry_n send_v writ_n of_o summons_n and_o cull_v out_o a_o few_o of_o the_o earl_n and_o baron_n out_o of_o a_o great_a multitude_n that_o be_v seditious_a after_o the_o war_n with_o the_o baron_n be_v end_v if_o you_o will_v have_v it_o extend_v to_o those_o who_o never_o forfeit_v by_o reason_n of_o montfort_n rebellion_n i_o need_v not_o say_v much_o to_o it_o 590._o since_o mr._n selden_n in_o his_o title_n of_o honour_n have_v sufficient_o baffle_v that_o author_n authority_n for_o if_o it_o be_v never_o true_a as_o to_o earl_n it_o be_v not_o like_a to_o be_v true_a in_o respect_n of_o the_o great_a baron_n but_o as_o for_o your_o lesser_a baron_n or_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la i_o know_v not_o but_o he_o may_v be_v much_o more_o in_o the_o right_n in_o respect_n of_o they_o what_o you_o say_v as_o to_o robert_n walrand_n be_v not_o much_o material_a for_o though_o he_o be_v never_o so_o great_a a_o baron_n or_o lawyer_n yet_o he_o can_v draw_v up_o this_o law_n but_o as_o be_v one_o of_o the_o king_n council_n who_o in_o those_o day_n draw_v up_o and_o prepare_v all_o bill_n that_o be_v offer_v 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archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n dorso_n and_o conclude_v thus_o 155._o that_o he_o shall_v warn_v the_o procuratores_fw-la cleri_fw-la there_o mention_v to_o appear_v with_o he_o ad_fw-la tractandum_fw-la ordinandum_fw-la &_o faciendum_fw-la noâ—iscum_fw-la &_o cum_fw-la caeteris_fw-la praelatis_fw-la &_o proâ—eribus_fw-la &_o aliit_fw-la â—ncâ—lis_fw-la regni_fw-la nostri_fw-la in_o the_o margin_n over-against_o these_o last_o word_n the_o doctor_n give_v we_o this_o note_n the_o incolae_fw-la regni_fw-la be_v the_o knight_n citizen_n and_o burgess_n mention_v in_o the_o former_a writ_n but_o not_o here_o particular_o enumerate_v now_o though_o it_o be_v true_a that_o this_o writ_n be_v after_o the_o time_n that_o the_o doctor_n will_v acknowledge_v the_o commons_o to_o have_v be_v constant_o summon_v to_o parliament_n yet_o if_o these_o word_n can_v mean_v the_o commons_o in_o this_o writ_n why_o they_o shall_v not_o signify_v the_o same_o in_o this_o statute_n i_o can_v see_v no_o 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open_a to_o he_o be_v too_o timorous_a then_o to_o have_v put_v in_o any_o magistrate_n into_o corporation_n but_o such_o as_o be_v for_o the_o protestant_a religion_n as_o it_o stand_v by_o law_n establish_v and_o such_o however_o angry_a they_o may_v be_v with_o those_o they_o call_v whig_n in_o respect_n of_o their_o oppose_v the_o duke_n succession_n to_o the_o crown_n yet_o i_o believe_v most_o of_o they_o will_v never_o have_v give_v up_o the_o freedom_n of_o election_n of_o parliament_n man_n or_o have_v do_v any_o thing_n to_o bring_v in_o popery_n among_o we_o so_o that_o as_o long_o as_o thing_n remain_v in_o this_o state_n there_o be_v some_o hope_n still_o lest_o of_o a_o redress_n of_o our_o grievance_n whenever_o a_o parliament_n have_v meet_v and_o that_o the_o nation_n be_v grow_v more_o cool_a and_o have_v come_v to_o itself_o again_o after_o those_o heat_n which_o have_v rise_v in_o the_o late_a parliament_n about_o the_o succession_n and_o other_o thing_n whereas_o 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conclude_v but_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n i_o can_v omit_v another_o material_a grievance_n set_v down_o in_o the_o prince_n declaration_n viz._n the_o turn_v out_o and_o disarm_v the_o english_a protestant_a magistrate_n officer_n and_o soldier_n in_o ireland_n and_o put_v of_o irish_a papist_n in_o their_o room_n as_o also_o the_o late_a declaration_n of_o indulgence_n in_o scotland_n but_o as_o i_o will_v not_o defend_v the_o justice_n or_o prudence_n of_o those_o council_n so_o i_o think_v none_o of_o they_o can_v give_v any_o sufficient_a cause_n for_o the_o people_n of_o this_o kingdom_n to_o rise_v in_o arm_n for_o sure_a it_o be_v enough_o if_o not_o too_o much_o for_o they_o to_o concern_v themselves_o with_o the_o grievance_n and_o miscarriage_n of_o their_o own_o country_n without_o take_v upon_o they_o to_o take_v up_o arm_n to_o reform_v those_o of_o their_o neighbour_n since_o they_o be_v not_o only_o ignorant_a of_o the_o law_n and_o constitution_n of_o those_o kingdom_n but_o may_v also_o mistake_v the_o true_a reason_n and_o ground_n on_o which_o those_o alteration_n be_v make_v f._n i_o see_v you_o can_v as_o little_a defend_v what_o have_v be_v illegal_o act_v in_o scotland_n as_o in_o ireland_n only_o you_o will_v say_v put_v i_o off_o by_o tell_v i_o that_o the_o people_n of_o this_o nation_n have_v nothing_o to_o do_v to_o take_v notice_n of_o what_o be_v do_v in_o other_o kingdom_n and_o you_o may_v as_o well_o tell_v i_o that_o a_o man_n ought_v not_o to_o take_v any_o warning_n as_o to_o defend_v himself_o against_o thief_n though_o he_o see_v we_o another_o man_n rob_v by_o they_o before_o his_o eye_n or_o that_o the_o protestant_n of_o england_n shall_v not_o take_v warning_n by_o the_o sad_a example_n of_o those_o in_o france_n from_o ever_o suffer_v a_o popish_a king_n from_o have_v the_o same_o power_n here_o as_o the_o french_a king_n have_v in_o france_n for_o fear_n of_o the_o like_a fatal_a effect_n since_o i_o never_o find_v papist_n give_v protestant_n the_o least_o forbearance_n or_o show_v they_o any_o mercy_n long_o than_o whilst_o it_o be_v not_o in_o their_o power_n to_o hurt_v they_o but_o to_o come_v to_o the_o matter_n in_o hand_n we_o can_v but_o concern_v ourselves_o with_o what_o have_v be_v so_o late_o do_v in_o scotland_n and_o ireland_n for_o the_o introduce_v of_o popery_n and_o arbitrary_a government_n in_o those_o kingdom_n since_o the_o latter_a be_v notorious_o know_v to_o be_v govern_v by_o the_o same_o law_n as_o england_n and_o it_o be_v as_o much_o against_o the_o law_n of_o that_o kingdom_n as_o it_o be_v of_o we_o for_o the_o irish_a papist_n to_o be_v put_v in_o arm_n and_o the_o protestant_a militia_n disarm_v and_o for_o popish_a judge_n and_o justice_n of_o peace_n to_o be_v put_v in_o commission_n as_o have_v be_v practise_v under_o the_o government_n of_o the_o lord_n tyrconnel_n and_o if_o english_a protestant_n in_o ireland_n can_v enjoy_v their_o estate_n and_o liberty_n without_o be_v turn_v out_o of_o they_o by_o the_o papist_n how_o can_v we_o in_o england_n expect_v better_a treatment_n whenever_o they_o shall_v think_v themselves_o strong_a enough_o and_o as_o for_o scotland_n though_o it_o be_v not_o whole_o govern_v by_o the_o same_o law_n as_o england_n yet_o the_o fundamental_a constitution_n of_o the_o government_n be_v the_o same_o in_o both_o kingdom_n and_o the_o king_n can_v no_o more_o make_v abrogate_v or_o dispense_v with_o law_n in_o scotland_n without_o the_o parliament_n than_o he_o can_v here_o and_o therefore_o for_o the_o king_n not_o only_o to_o issue_v out_o such_o a_o declaration_n of_o indulgence_n and_o suspension_n of_o all_o the_o penal_a law_n in_o scotland_n against_o papist_n but_o also_o therein_o to_o declare_v that_o he_o expect_v a_o obedience_n to_o all_o his_o command_n without_o reserve_v whether_o legal_a or_o not_o be_v so_o bold_a a_o stroke_n that_o we_o can_v not_o but_o expect_v the_o like_a in_o england_n though_o his_o majesty_n think_v it_o not_o fit_a at_o present_a to_o discover_v his_o mind_n so_o plain_o to_o we_o m._n i_o shall_v not_o any_o long_o dispute_v these_o point_n with_o you_o but_o own_o that_o the_o abuse_v you_o mention_v be_v indeed_o of_o great_a concern_n both_o to_o the_o protestant_a religion_n and_o our_o civil_a liberty_n yet_o however_o beside_o the_o law_n of_o the_o land_n which_o i_o still_o suppose_v do_v express_o forbid_v all_o resistance_n of_o the_o king_n upon_o any_o account_n whatsoever_o i_o think_v there_o aught_o to_o have_v be_v no_o such_o thing_n do_v by_o any_o subject_n of_o this_o nation_n even_o upon_o your_o own_o principle_n which_o seem_v not_o to_o allow_v of_o such_o resistance_n but_o in_o case_n of_o a_o actual_a and_o violent_a assault_n upon_o man_n religion_n life_n and_o property_n and_o that_o by_o open_a force_n of_o arm_n now_o i_o desire_v you_o to_o show_v i_o who_o it_o be_v that_o the_o king_n have_v ever_o yet_o dragoon_v or_o persecute_v till_o they_o will_v become_v of_o his_o religion_n or_o who_o life_n his_o majesty_n have_v take_v away_o even_o of_o the_o most_o notorious_a traitor_n but_o by_o due_a trial_n and_o course_n of_o law_n nay_o he_o have_v pardon_v divers_a several_a after_o they_o be_v condemn_v mere_o because_o he_o be_v inform_v they_o be_v not_o real_o guilty_a of_o the_o crime_n whereof_o they_o stand_v condemn_v and_o as_o for_o man_n civil_a property_n i_o defy_v you_o to_o show_v i_o any_o person_n estate_n that_o have_v be_v take_v from_o he_o without_o due_a course_n of_o law_n or_o any_o tax_n that_o have_v be_v assess_v upon_o the_o nation_n but_o what_o have_v be_v grant_v by_o parliament_n or_o else_o raise_v by_o the_o opinion_n of_o the_o judge_n by_o who_o if_o his_o majesty_n have_v be_v misinform_v they_o only_o ought_v to_o answer_v for_o it_o in_o the_o next_o parliament_n who_o be_v the_o only_a proper_a judge_n of_o their_o miscarriage_n without_o have_v any_o course_n to_o force_n which_o the_o law_n of_o this_o kingdom_n so_o much_o abhor_v and_o therefore_o make_v the_o worst_a of_o it_o you_o can_v all_o these_o greivance_n already_o mention_v be_v no_o more_o than_o some_o breach_n upon_o the_o outward_a splendour_n of_o our_o church_n religion_n or_o some_o of_o our_o civil_a liberty_n whilst_o the_o main_a &_o essential_a part_n of_o both_o continue_a untouched_a since_o god_n be_v thank_v we_o have_v hitherto_o enjoy_v the_o free_a &_o public_a profession_n of_o our_o religion_n together_o with_o our_o life_n liberty_n and_o estate_n in_o perfect_a peace_n and_o undisturbed_a by_o any_o outward_a force_n or_o violence_n from_o the_o king_n or_o any_o commission_v by_o he_o and_o as_o for_o those_o grievance_n you_o mention_v viz._n the_o turn_v
m._n oh_o be_v you_o come_v at_o last_o i_o have_v look_v for_o you_o these_o two_o night_n and_o now_o begin_v to_o fear_v you_o be_v not_o well_o or_o else_o have_v disinherit_v your_o cause_n and_o decline_v another_o conference_n f._n i_o beg_v your_o pardon_n for_o disappoint_v you_o which_o yet_o i_o have_v not_o do_v have_v noâ—_n some_o business_n hinder_v i_o but_o however_o to_o let_v you_o see_v i_o do_v not_o decline_v another_o conference_n with_o you_o upon_o this_o subject_a pray_v let_v we_o go_v on_o where_o we_o leave_v off_o and_o tell_v i_o free_o your_o sense_n of_o my_o notion_n of_o the_o king_n forfeiture_n or_o abdication_n of_o the_o government_n by_o his_o violation_n of_o the_o fundamental_a law_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o refusal_n to_o repair_v those_o breach_n when_o he_o may_v have_v do_v it_o m._n in_o answer_n to_o your_o demand_n i_o will_v deal_v free_o with_o you_o and_o must_v tell_v you_o that_o i_o have_v peruse_v all_o writer_n that_o have_v write_v any_o thing_n considerable_a concern_v the_o law_n of_o government_n or_o of_o nation_n and_o can_v find_v in_o any_o of_o they_o any_o thing_n to_o countenance_v your_o notion_n of_o forfeiture_n or_o abdication_n of_o a_o absolute_a sovereign_a prince_n aâ—_n i_o must_v still_o take_v we_o to_o be_v notwithstanding_o all_o you_o yet_o say_v to_o the_o contrary_a unless_o what_o you_o have_v cite_v at_o our_o three_o meeting_n 6.7_o out_o of_o barclay_n three_o book_n contra_fw-la monarch_n where_o he_o allow_v the_o subject_n to_o resist_v their_o prince_n in_o case_n he_o go_v about_o to_o destroy_v the_o body_n of_o the_o people_n or_o common_a wealth_n whereof_o he_o be_v the_o head_n to_o which_o i_o may_v also_o add_v another_o case_n which_o you_o have_v omit_v viz._n if_o the_o prince_n make_v over_o his_o kingdom_n to_o another_o without_o the_o consent_n of_o his_o people_n and_o i_o confess_v that_o both_o grotius_n and_o pufendorf_n agree_v with_o barclay_n in_o this_o notion_n because_o they_o look_v upon_o both_o these_o case_n as_o their_o plain_a downright_a renunciation_n of_o their_o civil_a authority_n over_o those_o who_o they_o be_v oblige_v to_o govern_v but_o indeed_o the_o first_o of_o these_o case_n be_v so_o improbable_a nay_o almost_o impossible_a to_o happen_v that_o be_v it_o not_o for_o the_o overgreat_a niceness_n of_o these_o writer_n it_o need_v not_o to_o have_v be_v so_o much_o as_o mention_v since_o none_o but_o a_o madman_n can_v ever_o go_v about_o to_o destroy_v his_o whole_a people_n and_o therefore_o as_o a_o man_n out_o of_o his_o wit_n such_o a_o prince_n may_v be_v resist_v and_o lock_v up_o if_o ever_o it_o shall_v so_o fall_v out_o as_o you_o yourself_o have_v confess_v it_o have_v very_o rare_o for_o a_o nation_n to_o be_v so_o unhappy_a as_o to_o have_v such_o a_o prince_n but_o as_o for_o the_o second_o viz._n the_o make_n over_o their_o supreme_a power_n to_o a_o foreign_a prince_n that_o likewise_o so_o very_o rare_o happen_v that_o it_o be_v scarce_o worth_a the_o while_n to_o make_v any_o dispute_n about_o it_o but_o in_o all_o other_o case_n they_o hold_v the_o supreme_a power_n of_o every_o nation_n to_o be_v absolute_o irresistible_a in_o any_o case_n whatsoever_o and_o if_o irresistible_a then_o certain_o uncapable_a of_o forfeit_v their_o right_n to_o govern_v by_o any_o pretend_a or_o real_a violation_n of_o the_o liberty_n and_o privilege_n of_o the_o people_n and_o bodin_n in_o his_o first_o book_n 8._o de_fw-fr republica_n though_o he_o grant_v that_o absolute_a prince_n be_v oblige_v in_o conscience_n to_o keep_v and_o maintain_v all_o such_o privilege_n which_o have_v be_v grant_v to_o the_o people_n by_o either_o themselves_o or_o predecessor_n which_o be_v for_o the_o good_a of_o the_o commonwealth_n yet_o since_o the_o prince_n be_v sole_a judge_n whether_o these_o privilege_n be_v consistent_a with_o his_o supreme_a right_n to_o govern_v and_o protect_v his_o people_n he_o may_v therefore_o have_v occasion_n sometime_o not_o only_o to_o detract_v from_o they_o or_o dispense_v with_o they_o in_o some_o case_n but_o may_v whole_o break_v and_o lay_v they_o aside_o by_o turn_v tyrant_n 5._o yet_o nevertheless_o in_o all_o these_o case_n people_n be_v still_o bind_v not_o to_o resist_v they_o and_o that_o he_o look_v upon_o the_o king_n of_o england_n as_o such_o a_o absolute_a monarch_n as_o well_o as_o other_o he_o there_o mention_n pray_v read_v i_o the_o place_n i_o now_o cite_v where_o after_o he_o have_v allow_v resistance_n to_o be_v lawful_a against_o those_o prince_n who_o be_v not_o proper_o monarch_n as_o enjoy_v but_o a_o share_n of_o the_o supreme_a power_n and_o among_o which_o he_o reckon_v the_o german_a emperor_n and_o the_o king_n of_o denmark_n sweden_n and_o poland_n but_o then_o when_o he_o come_v to_o speak_v of_o real_a and_o absolute_a monarchy_n his_o sense_n be_v quite_o different_a as_o you_o may_v see_v by_o these_o word_n quod_fw-la si_fw-la monarchia_fw-la quaedam_fw-la est_fw-la summâ_fw-la unius_fw-la potestate_fw-la constituta_fw-la qualis_fw-la est_fw-la francorum_fw-la hispanorum_fw-la anglorum_fw-la scotorum_fw-la etc._n etc._n i_o shall_v slip_v all_o the_o rest_n because_o not_o to_o our_o purpose_n ubi_fw-la reges_fw-la sine_fw-la controversia_fw-la jura_fw-la omne_fw-la majestatis_fw-la habent_fw-la per_fw-la se_fw-la nec_fw-la singulis_fw-la civibus_fw-la nec_fw-la universis_fw-la fas_fw-la est_fw-la summi_fw-la principis_fw-la vitam_fw-la famam_fw-la fortunas_fw-la in_o discrimen_fw-la vocare_fw-la seu_fw-la vi_fw-la feu_fw-fr judice_fw-la constituto_fw-la id_fw-la fiat_fw-la etiamsi_fw-la omnium_fw-la scelerum_fw-la ac_fw-la flagitiorum_fw-la quae_fw-la in_o tyrannis_fw-la convenire_fw-la antea_fw-la diximus_fw-la turpitudine_fw-la infamis_fw-la esset_fw-la where_o you_o may_v observe_v that_o force_n or_o resistance_n by_o which_o such_o a_o absolute_a prince_n life_n or_o regal_a power_n 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our_o king_n be_v
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principle_n be_v found_v and_o therefore_o you_o do_v but_o fall_v into_o your_o old_a mistake_n when_o you_o affirm_v that_o by_o the_o fundamental_a constitution_n of_o the_o government_n the_o great_a council_n of_o the_o nation_n which_o be_v but_o the_o same_o with_o our_o late_a convention_n have_v no_o power_n to_o declare_v the_o king_n to_o have_v break_v the_o original_a contract_n between_o he_o and_o his_o people_n therefore_o what_o you_o say_v concern_v the_o want_n of_o authority_n in_o this_o great_a council_n to_o declare_v the_o throne_n vacant_a be_v altogether_o precarious_a unless_o you_o can_v also_o prove_v that_o it_o be_v against_o the_o fundamental_a constitution_n so_o to_o do_v whereas_o i_o have_v so_o far_o prove_v the_o contrary_a that_o the_o throne_n have_v be_v declare_v vacant_a no_o less_o than_o eight_o time_n since_o the_o conquest_n which_o make_v up_o almost_o a_o three_o part_n of_o the_o succession_n of_o all_o the_o king_n and_o queen_n that_o have_v reign_v since_o that_o time_n so_o that_o if_o the_o custom_n and_o practice_n of_o great_a council_n or_o convention_n and_o those_o not_o condemn_v by_o any_o subsequent_a statute_n can_v be_v the_o only_a rule_n or_o guide_n for_o the_o conscience_n of_o all_o the_o subject_n of_o this_o nation_n we_o have_v certain_o have_v that_o as_o solemn_o declare_v now_o as_o in_o any_o other_o great_a council_n or_o convention_n that_o have_v be_v ever_o hold_v in_o this_o kingdom_n but_o as_o to_o what_o you_o say_v concern_v the_o want_n of_o power_n in_o those_o council_n to_o declare_v or_o recognize_v who_o be_v the_o right_a heir_n to_o the_o crown_n but_o not_o to_o make_v they_o so_o be_v very_o pleasant_a since_o that_o be_v all_o one_o as_o if_o two_o man_n who_o contend_v for_o a_o estate_n shall_v bring_v the_o matter_n before_o the_o house_n of_o peer_n and_o when_o that_o be_v do_v and_o the_o case_n solemn_o hear_v by_o council_n on_o both_o side_n that_o party_n who_o have_v lose_v the_o cause_n shall_v declare_v that_o this_o court_n though_o the_o high_a in_o the_o kingdom_n have_v no_o power_n to_o judge_v in_o prejudice_n of_o himself_o who_o have_v a_o undoubted_a right_n to_o the_o estate_n which_o be_v only_o to_o give_v the_o lord_n power_n to_o give_v judgement_n only_o for_o one_o side_n and_o why_o the_o other_o party_n if_o the_o judgement_n have_v be_v give_v against_o he_o shall_v not_o have_v make_v the_o like_a plea_n i_o can_v understand_v so_o that_o such_o a_o judgement_n will_v be_v altogether_o in_o vain_a therefore_o to_o apply_v this_o to_o our_o purpose_n though_o the_o parliament_n be_v prevail_v upon_o by_o the_o strength_n and_o faction_n of_o the_o duke_n of_o york_n do_v as_o i_o grant_v at_o our_o last_o meeting_n declare_v that_o his_o title_n can_v in_o no_o wise_n be_v defeat_v yet_o henry_n the_o vith_o be_v then_o in_o the_o throne_n they_o may_v have_v certain_o give_v a_o contrary_a judgement_n if_o they_o have_v please_v and_o then_o i_o suppose_v the_o title_n of_o the_o house_n of_o york_n may_v have_v be_v so_o defeat_v as_o that_o the_o nation_n have_v never_o be_v trouble_v with_o it_o again_o and_o so_o also_o when_o by_o the_o power_n of_o edward_n the_o ivth_o a_o parliament_n meet_v and_o declare_v he_o to_o be_v lawful_a king_n from_o the_o time_n of_o his_o father_n death_n yet_o when_o the_o say_a king_n be_v drive_v out_o of_o the_o kingdom_n by_o the_o earl_n of_o warwick_n and_o king_n henry_n the_o vith_o restore_v to_o the_o throne_n a_o parliament_n be_v summon_v in_o the_o 49th_o of_o this_o king_n wherein_o edward_n the_o ivth_o be_v declare_v a_o usurper_n 6._o and_o himself_o attaint_v and_o to_o which_o parliament_n the_o duke_n of_o clarence_n brother_z to_z king_n edward_z the_o ivth_o be_v first_o summon_v as_o well_o as_o the_o archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n with_o all_o the_o other_o bishop_n temporal_a lord_n and_o judge_n of_o who_o littleton_n the_o author_n of_o the_o book_n of_o tenor_n be_v one_o so_o likewise_o upon_o king_n edward_n recovery_n of_o the_o crown_n the_o year_n follow_v 1_o king_n henry_n be_v again_o depose_v and_o a_o parliament_n call_v wherein_o all_o the_o duke_n earls_z and_o baron_n with_o the_o arch-bishop_n of_o canterbury_n and_o york_n and_o most_o of_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o bishop_n swear_v to_o prince_n edward_n after_z called_z edward_z the_o vth_o as_o right_a heir_n of_o the_o crown_n now_o i_o desire_v to_o know_v what_o other_o law_n or_o rule_n there_o be_v then_o for_o the_o subject_n allegiance_n but_o the_o solemn_a judgement_n or_o declaration_n of_o the_o estate_n of_o the_o kingdom_n assemble_v in_o parliament_n since_o their_o act_n and_o judgement_n be_v in_o this_o dispute_n direct_o contradictory_n to_o each_o other_o so_o that_o it_o be_v evident_a
which_o all_o the_o land_n in_o england_n be_v liable_a to_o as_o well_o after_o as_o before_o your_o conquest_n nor_o will_v the_o 58_o the_o law_n make_v more_o for_o you_o for_o though_o it_o â—â—ly_o say_v that_o all_o earl_n baron_n knight_n and_o their_o servitor_n or_o esquire_n and_o all_o freeman_n of_o the_o kingdom_n shall_v always_o be_v fit_v with_o horse_n and_o arm_n as_o they_o â—â—ought_v to_o be_v and_o which_o they_o ought_v to_o do_v according_a to_o and_o by_o reason_n of_o their_o â—ees_n and_o tenor_n now_o it_o be_v plain_a that_o this_o law_n can_v extend_v to_o the_o less_o 〈◊〉_d capite_fw-la only_a since_o they_o according_a to_o your_o own_o sense_n be_v comprehend_v â—â—eder_o the_o word_n milites_fw-la and_o their_o servientes_fw-la which_o seem_v to_o mean_v their_o feudataâ—y_a tenant_n be_v as_o much_o tie_v by_o this_o law_n to_o find_v horse_n and_o arm_n as_o the_o tâ—â—ants_n in_o capite_fw-la themselves_o so_o that_o whereas_o the_o law_n say_v express_o uniâ—â—rsi_fw-la liberi_fw-la â—â—mines_fw-la totius_fw-la regni_fw-la it_o shall_v have_v be_v to_o make_v good_a your_o sense_n universe_n libeâ—â—_n homines_fw-la qui_fw-la de_fw-la rege_fw-la tenant_n in_fw-la capite_fw-la and_o as_o for_o the_o other_o freeman_n who_o be_v â—f_o lesser_a estate_n than_o to_o find_v horse_n they_o be_v to_o be_v ready_a with_o such_o arm_n as_o beâ—â—ed_v their_o condition_n as_o we_o see_v it_o explain_v by_o the_o assize_n of_o arm_n of_o henry_n ii_o which_o i_o have_v now_o cite_v so_o that_o this_o law_n of_o king_n william_n be_v not_o to_o be_v take_v in_o 〈◊〉_d sense_n you_o put_v upon_o it_o that_o all_o the_o true_a freeman_n of_o the_o kingdom_n be_v oblige_v to_o be_v ready_a with_o horse_n and_o arm_n as_o if_o none_o be_v freeman_n that_o do_v not_o but_o refer_v the_o word_n horse_n and_o arm_n to_o those_o who_o be_v to_o â—ind_v both_o and_o the_o word_n arm_n to_o those_o freeman_n who_o be_v only_o oblige_v to_o keep_v arm_n â—it_a for_o footman_n which_o sense_n the_o word_n will_v very_o well_o bear_v though_o express_v general_o and_o concise_o according_a to_o the_o mode_n of_o those_o time_n which_o abhor_v more_o word_n than_o â—eeds_o and_o if_o these_o law_n will_v not_o prove_v what_o you_o bring_v they_o for_o much_o less_o till_o the_o last_o you_o have_v cite_v for_o if_o the_o word_n omneâ—_n liberâ—_n homines_fw-la totius_fw-la monarâ—â—_n in_o the_o first_o law_n who_o be_v to_o take_v a_o oath_n of_o fidelity_n to_o the_o king_n must_v â—â—tend_v to_o all_o the_o freeman_n of_o england_n as_o certain_o it_o do_v all_o freeman_n be_v aâ—â—e_n oblige_v to_o be_v swear_v in_o the_o court_n leer_n and_o county_n court_n so_o must_v this_o too_o 〈◊〉_d title_n be_v that_o omnes_fw-la subditi_fw-la all_o the_o subject_n shall_v endeavour_v to_o maintain_v the_o king_n right_n with_o all_o their_o power_n and_o though_o i_o grant_v that_o subditi_fw-la here_o be_v the_o same_o with_o liberi_fw-la homines_fw-la in_o the_o first_o law_n yet_o since_o by_o that_o law_n all_o freeman_n be_v to_o take_v the_o oath_n of_o fidelity_n to_o the_o king_n these_o must_v be_v also_o the_o very_a same_o freeman_n who_o be_v to_o be_v swear_v brother_n to_o defend_v the_o kingdom_n according_a to_o their_o power_n and_o estate_n so_o that_o all_o that_o you_o have_v say_v to_o prove_v your_o tenant_n by_o knight_n service_n in_o capite_fw-la to_o be_v the_o only_a freeman_n that_o serve_v oâ—_n jury_n etc._n etc._n be_v build_v upon_o a_o false_a interpretation_n of_o these_o law_n of_o king_n william_n be_v but_o the_o mere_a fancy_n and_o imagination_n of_o the_o author_n from_o who_o you_o borrow_v they_o but_o take_v the_o word_n liberi_fw-la homines_fw-la in_o the_o strict_a sense_n and_o as_o they_o be_v be_v the_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la of_o king_n john_n and_o h._n iii_o chap._n 14._o where_o it_o be_v ordain_v that_o libre_fw-la homo_fw-la non_fw-la amercietur_fw-la pro_fw-la parvo_fw-la delicto_fw-la nisi_fw-la secundum_fw-la modum_fw-la illius_fw-la delicti_fw-la saluâ—â—h_fw-mi contenemento_fw-it svo_fw-la &_o mercatar_a eodem_fw-la modo_fw-la salva_fw-la marchandiza_fw-mi &_o villanus_fw-la saluâ—_n wâ—nagio_n upon_o which_o word_n sir_n edward_n coke_n in_o his_o 2_o d._n inst._n observe_v that_o 〈◊〉_d homo_fw-la be_v here_o mean_v such_o a_o one_o as_o enjoy_v a_o franc_n tenement_n that_o be_v any_o sort_n of_o freeâ—â—_n hold_v but_o pray_v go_v on_o to_o prove_v by_o some_o plain_a authority_n that_o the_o arch-bishops_a bishop_n and_o abbot_n etc._n etc._n together_o with_o the_o earl_n baron_n and_o other_o tenant_n in_o capita_fw-la be_v the_o only_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n for_o the_o assess_n of_o tax_n and_o make_v law_n in_o the_o time_n immediate_o succeed_v the_o reign_n of_o king_n william_n the_o first_o m._n i_o shall_v perform_v your_o desire_n and_o will_v begin_v with_o the_o great_a council_n 〈◊〉_d parliament_n hold_v at_o clarendon_n of_o which_o matt._n paris_n tell_v we_o 〈◊〉_d dom._n 1164._o 10_o the_o of_o king_n h._n ii_o â—20_n in_o presentia_fw-la regis_fw-la henriâ—s_n 〈…〉_z rendon_n 8_o calend._n febr._n etc._n etc._n de_fw-fr mandato_fw-la ipsius_fw-la regis_fw-la presentibus_fw-la 〈◊〉_d archiepiscopis_fw-la episcopis_fw-la abbatibus_fw-la prioribus_fw-la comitibus_fw-la 〈◊〉_d &_o proceribus_fw-la regni_fw-la facta_fw-la est_fw-la recognitio_fw-la and_o which_o quadrilogus_fw-la and_o gervasâ—_n 〈◊〉_d canterbury_n comprise_v under_o the_o general_a term_n of_o brasules_a &_o prâ—ceres_fw-la regni_fw-la the_o bishop_n and_o great_a man_n of_o the_o kingâ—dom_n 1164._o what_o can_v be_v more_o clear_a by_o this_o enumeration_n of_o the_o constitâ—â—ent_a part_n of_o this_o full_a parliament_n as_o mr._n sâ—lden_n and_o other_o author_n agree_v it_o to_o be_v than_o that_o the_o commons_o be_v then_o none_o of_o theâ—_n and_o that_o the_o clerus_fw-la and_o populus_fw-la in_o hoveden_n be_v only_o the_o 〈◊〉_d and_o lay_v nobility_n so_o likewise_o when_o these_o constitution_n be_v again_o renew_v by_o this_o king_n at_o bathampton_n the_o same_o author_n tell_v we_o though_o by_o a_o mistake_v it_o be_v writtâ—â—_n nottingham_n that_o rex_fw-la pater_fw-la ibi_fw-la celebravit_fw-la magnum_fw-la consilium_fw-la de_fw-fr 〈◊〉_d it_o be_v regni_fw-la 50._o &_o coram_fw-la rege_fw-la filio_fw-la svo_fw-la &_o coram_fw-la archiepiscopis_fw-la episcopâ—â—_n comitibus_fw-la &_o baronibus_fw-la regni_fw-la svi_fw-la which_o council_n be_v more_o particular_o recite_v by_o benedictus_n abbas_n in_o his_o manuscript_n history_n 〈◊〉_d in_o the_o cottonian_a library_n anno._n 1176._o which_o be_v the_o 25_o the_o h._n 〈◊〉_d circa_n festum_fw-la conversionis_fw-la sancti_fw-la pauli_n julii_fw-la venit_fw-la dominus_fw-la rex_fw-la usque_fw-la â—â—â—thampton_fw-la &_o magnum_fw-la ibi_fw-la celebravit_fw-la concilium_fw-la de_fw-la statutis_fw-la regni_fw-la svi_fw-la 〈◊〉_d episcopis_fw-la &_o comitibus_fw-la &_o baronibus_fw-la terrae_fw-la suae_fw-la &_o coram_fw-la eye_v per_fw-la 〈◊〉_d regis_fw-la henrici_fw-la filii_fw-la svi_fw-la &_o per_fw-la concilium_fw-la comitum_fw-la &_o baronum_n &_o nilitâ—â—_n hominum_fw-la suorum_fw-la hanc_fw-la subscriptam_fw-la assisam_fw-la â—ecit_fw-la etc._n etc._n and_o ralph_n de_fw-fr diceto_n dean_n of_o st._n paul_n a._n d._n 1210._o a_o diligent_a searcher_n into_o the_o history_n and_o transaction_n of_o his_o own_o and_o former_a time_n 40._o do_v yet_o more_o full_o declare_v the_o meaning_n of_o abbot_n benedict_n in_o the_o account_n he_o give_v of_o this_o great_a council_n thus_o rex_fw-la juxta_fw-la consilium_fw-la filii_fw-la svi_fw-la regis_fw-la coram_fw-la episcopis_fw-la comitibus_fw-la baronibus_fw-la militibus_fw-la &_o aliis_fw-la hominibus_fw-la suis_fw-la in_o hoc_fw-la consentientibus_fw-la etc._n etc._n hoc_fw-la autem_fw-la factum_fw-la est_fw-la apud_fw-la northamptonam_fw-la â—ino_fw-la kal_n febr._n from_o all_o which_o authority_n we_o may_v collect_v that_o this_o council_n at_o northampton_n as_o well_o as_o that_o at_o clarendon_n be_v a_o great_a or_o common_a council_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n to_o which_o be_v summon_v of_o the_o laity_n only_o the_o earl_n and_o baron_n of_o he_o viz._n the_o king_n land_n to_o which_o be_v also_o add_v for_o the_o better_a explain_v who_o be_v understand_v under_o these_o title_n of_o baronum_n militum_fw-la &_o hominum_fw-la suorum_fw-la that_o be_v such_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la as_o be_v knight_n and_o such_o as_o be_v his_o man_n or_o tenant_n that_o be_v military_a tenant_n as_o be_v not_o knight_v and_o who_o hold_v land_n either_o of_o the_o king_n or_o his_o son_n to_o who_o the_o king_n may_v assign_v divers_a of_o these_o baron_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la to_o atturn_v tenant_n to_o he_o 204._o and_o to_o maintain_v his_o court_n and_o kingship_n and_o the_o king_n be_v comites_fw-la and_o barones_n terrae_fw-la suae_fw-la be_v the_o earl_n and_o baron_n of_o his_o kingdom_n that_o hold_v immediate_o of_o he_o or_o be_v his_o immediate_a tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la and_o that_o homo_fw-la suus_fw-la &_o homines_fw-la svi_fw-la do_v for_o
disobey_v of_o the_o parliament_n out_o of_o his_o hand_n much_o less_o will_v i_o justify_v the_o murder_n of_o this_o king_n or_o of_o any_o other_o abovementioned_a as_o be_v no_o necessary_a consequence_n of_o that_o resistance_n i_o only_o allow_v for_o lawful_a viz._n that_o of_o the_o whole_a or_o major_a part_n of_o the_o nation_n nor_o be_v edw._n the_o second_o or_o richard_n the_o second_o put_v to_o death_n by_o any_o act_n or_o order_n of_o parliament_n but_o be_v murder_v in_o prison_n and_o the_o murderer_n of_o edward_n the_o second_o be_v afterward_o attaint_v by_o act_n of_o parliament_n and_o execute_v as_o they_o deserve_v but_o as_o for_o the_o murder_n of_o king_n charles_n the_o first_o it_o be_v not_o to_o be_v take_v into_o this_o account_n it_o be_v not_o do_v by_o the_o authority_n of_o the_o lord_n and_o commons_o in_o parliament_n but_o by_o a_o factious_a rump_n or_o fag-end_a of_o the_o house_n of_o commons_o who_o fate_n by_o the_o power_n of_o the_o 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that_o in_o a_o legal_a sense_n all_o defensive_a arm_n or_o resistance_n of_o the_o king_n person_n in_o some_o case_n or_o of_o those_o commissioned_n by_o he_o be_v not_o forbid_v nor_o intend_v to_o be_v forbid_v by_o these_o statute_n and_o declaration_n first_o then_o by_o take_v arm_n against_o the_o king_n be_v certain_o mean_v no_o more_o than_o make_v war_n against_o the_o king_n according_a to_o the_o statute_n of_o the_o 25_o of_o edward_n the_o three_o which_o declare_v make_v war_n against_o the_o king_n to_o be_v treason_n and_o this_o be_v unlawful_a upon_o any_o pretence_n whatsoever_o second_o the_o clause_n by_o his_o authority_n against_o his_o person_n be_v only_o to_o be_v understand_v of_o the_o king_n be_v legal_a authority_n and_o by_o his_o person_n be_v mean_v his_o natural_a and_o politic_a person_n when_o act_v together_o for_o the_o same_o end_n as_o i_o shall_v show_v you_o by_o and_o by_o so_o that_o both_o these_o statute_n be_v but_o declaratory_a of_o 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parliament_n of_o the_o 33d_o year_n of_o this_o king_n yet_o i_o shall_v not_o so_o much_o insist_v upon_o it_o because_o i_o know_v you_o will_v allege_v that_o this_o be_v make_v by_o the_o lawful_a heir_n of_o the_o crown_n against_o a_o usurper_n since_o the_o crown_n be_v not_o long_o after_o adjudge_v to_o be_v his_o right_n though_o king_n henry_n be_v allow_v to_o wear_v it_o during_o his_o life_n yet_o however_o it_o show_v the_o opinion_n of_o the_o clergy_n nobility_n and_o people_n of_o england_n at_o that_o time_n concern_v the_o lawfulness_n of_o such_o resistance_n before_o this_o declaration_n of_o the_o estate_n of_o the_o kingdom_n concern_v the_o legality_n of_o the_o duke_n of_o york_n title_n be_v make_v in_o the_o parliament_n abovementioned_a three_o that_o the_o parliament_n by_o these_o statute_n of_o the_o
his_o successor_n but_o if_o they_o will_v only_o insist_v upon_o their_o title_n by_o the_o sword_n without_o any_o precede_a or_o subsequent_a right_n they_o may_v be_v as_o lawful_o turn_v out_o again_o by_o the_o sword_n since_o it_o be_v own_a by_o all_o writer_n on_o this_o subject_a that_o a_o conqueror_n in_o a_o unjust_a war_n can_v obtain_v no_o right_n over_o a_o free_a people_n so_o much_o for_o the_o matter_n of_o fact_n i_o come_v in_o the_o next_o place_n to_o point_n of_o right_n in_o law_n i_o grant_v indeed_o that_o a_o simple_a oath_n or_o pact_n between_o a_o absolute_a monarch_n and_o his_o subject_n to_o do_v or_o perform_v such_o or_o such_o a_o thing_n or_o to_o let_v they_o enjoy_v such_o and_o such_o privilege_n do_v not_o immediate_o give_v the_o people_n a_o power_n to_o compel_v such_o a_o monarch_n and_o his_o successor_n by_o force_n of_o arm_n to_o the_o strict_a observance_n of_o they_o in_o case_n of_o a_o violation_n on_o his_o part_n but_o our_o 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city_n or_o county_n in_o the_o time_n of_o k._n edward_n and_o also_o confirm_v the_o law_n of_o his_o father_n whereby_o his_o baron_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la shall_v be_v free_a from_o all_o taillage_n or_o tax_n and_o he_o also_o thereby_o restore_v to_o they_o the_o law_n of_o k._n edward_n with_o those_o emendation_n which_o his_o father_n have_v make_v by_o the_o common_a council_n of_o his_o baron_n now_o the_o great_a charter_n of_o k._n john_n be_v but_o a_o addition_n or_o rather_o explanation_n of_o this_o charter_n of_o k._n henry_n i._n which_o be_v at_o first_o demand_v by_o the_o baron_n to_o be_v again_o confirm_v by_o this_o king_n at_o the_o instigation_n of_o stephen_n langton_n archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n 241_o as_o mat._n paris_n show_v we_o at_o large_a now_o since_o neither_o k._n william_n the_o i._o nor_o his_o successor_n ever_o change_v the_o fundamental_a constitution_n of_o the_o government_n as_o to_o the_o legislative_a part_n of_o it_o as_o 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party_n against_o the_o former_a hence_o the_o party_n command_a can_v be_v question_v for_o a_o breach_n of_o compact_n unless_o he_o either_o wilful_o abdicate_v all_o care_n of_o the_o common_a wealth_n or_o put_v on_o a_o hostile_a mind_n towards_o his_o subject_n or_o manifest_o or_o deceitful_o in_o latin_a dolo_fw-la malo_fw-la depart_v from_o the_o rule_n of_o govern_v on_o who_o observance_n as_o upon_o a_o condition_n the_o subject_n allegiance_n depend_v which_o be_v easy_o to_o be_v avoid_v by_o any_o ruler_n if_o he_o will_v consider_v that_o not_o the_o high_a of_o mortal_n be_v free_a from_o the_o law_n of_o humane_a chance_n so_o that_o let_v the_o power_n of_o your_o conqueror_n have_v be_v never_o so_o great_a or_o absolute_a it_o be_v plain_a he_o not_o only_o renounce_v it_o himself_o but_o several_a of_o his_o successor_n have_v do_v the_o same_o for_o themselves_o and_o their_o heir_n therefore_o make_v the_o most_o of_o it_o they_o must_v still_o claim_v by_o 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nothing_o by_o it_o since_o england_n be_v then_o either_o a_o hereditary_a kingdom_n or_o elective_a and_o take_v it_o which_o way_n you_o will_v this_o donation_n of_o the_o confessor_n can_v signify_v nothing_o either_o to_o the_o prejudice_n of_o the_o people_n that_o be_v to_o elect_n or_o the_o next_o heir_n who_o be_v to_o succeed_v after_o k._n edward_n decease_n neither_o can_v he_o claim_v as_o heir_n to_o he_o by_o blood_n for_o the_o relation_n between_o he_o and_o k._n edward_n be_v by_o his_o mother_n emma_n sister_n to_o richard_n the_o second_o duke_n of_o normandy_n this_o william_n uncle_n so_o that_o the_o conqueror_n be_v no_o way_n descend_v from_o the_o blood_n royal_a of_o england_n therefore_o his_o true_a quarrel_n with_o harold_n let_v his_o pretence_n be_v what_o it_o will_v be_v
not_o because_o he_o keep_v a_o kingdom_n bequeath_v to_o he_o by_o k._n edward_n since_o some_o writer_n relate_v this_o king_n name_v not_o he_o but_o harold_n for_o his_o successor_n 2._o though_o other_o say_v that_o he_o recommend_v edgar_n to_o the_o good_a will_n of_o the_o english_a nobility_n so_o that_o the_o only_a true_a and_o just_a cause_n d._n william_n have_v of_o make_v war_n upon_o harold_n be_v his_o break_v the_o promise_n and_o oath_n he_o have_v not_o long_o before_o make_v he_o of_o secure_v the_o kingdom_n of_o england_n for_o he_o upon_o the_o death_n of_o k._n edward_n instead_o of_o do_v which_o he_o have_v seize_v it_o for_o himself_o and_o which_o be_v worse_o refuse_v to_o restore_v it_o or_o so_o much_o as_o to_o hold_v it_o of_o duke_n william_n as_o his_o homager_n so_o that_o though_o for_o the_o strengthen_n of_o his_o own_o tide_n he_o pretend_v to_o the_o will_n or_o donation_n of_o king_n edward_n and_o to_o avoid_v the_o envy_n of_o the_o name_n 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the_o clergy_n and_o great_a man_n of_o the_o kingdom_n have_v be_v force_v to_o submit_v themselves_o to_o he_o without_o any_o other_o precedent_a condition_n or_o stipulation_n than_o for_o the_o save_n of_o their_o life_n and_o as_o for_o the_o norman_n they_o be_v his_o subject_n and_o they_o conquer_a the_o kingdom_n only_o for_o his_o use_n and_o benefit_n as_o his_o soldier_n and_o vassalâ—_n and_o it_o be_v not_o likely_a he_o will_v owe_v the_o kingdom_n which_o he_o have_v thus_o acquire_v by_o the_o sword_n to_o their_o vote_n or_o election_n neither_o do_v any_o author_n that_o i_o know_v of_o mention_n any_o election_n before_o his_o coronation_n when_o though_o it_o be_v true_a he_o take_v such_o a_o oath_n as_o you_o mention_v yet_o it_o be_v in_o too_o general_a term_n to_o bind_v he_o to_o any_o observation_n of_o the_o ancient_a english_a law_n much_o less_o to_o preserve_v their_o right_n and_o privilege_n far_o than_o he_o think_v fit_a and_o therefore_o can_v 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all_o that_o they_o enjoy_v and_o consequent_o have_v a_o right_a to_o harold_n crown_n as_o well_o as_o his_o other_o estate_n as_o also_o to_o the_o estate_n of_o all_o those_o that_o be_v either_o slay_v or_o escape_v alive_a from_o that_o battle_n and_o not_o only_o to_o these_o but_o also_o to_o all_o the_o land_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n since_o the_o war_n be_v make_v not_o only_o against_o harold_n person_n but_o against_o the_o kingdom_n of_o england_n the_o people_n of_o which_o according_a to_o their_o allegiance_n assist_v he_o in_o that_o war_n either_o with_o man_n or_o money_n 4._o but_o admit_v the_o war_n to_o have_v be_v in_o itself_o never_o so_o unjust_a yet_o all_o writer_n on_o this_o subject_a even_a grotius_n and_o pufendorf_n agree_v that_o conquest_n even_o in_o a_o unjust_a war_n with_o a_o thorough_a settlement_n in_o the_o conqueror_n and_o his_o successor_n by_o the_o non_fw-fr claim_n dereliction_n submission_n or_o exstinction_n of_o the_o next_o 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absolute_a without_o any_o condition_n to_o be_v observe_v on_o their_o part_n for_o the_o oath_n of_o allegiance_n be_v positive_a without_o any_o condition_n or_o restriction_n so_o that_o i_o can_v see_v no_o manner_n of_o pretence_n that_o the_o people_n of_o this_o nation_n can_v have_v of_o force_v their_o k_n to_o the_o maintenance_n or_o observation_n of_o those_o right_n and_o privilege_n which_o they_o or_o their_o predecessor_n have_v so_o free_o grant_v to_o they_o or_o their_o ancestor_n as_o pusendorf_n who_o you_o now_o cite_v very_o right_o observe_v and_o consequent_o can_v have_v no_o right_a to_o repel_v force_n by_o force_n since_o our_o king_n do_v not_o now_o hold_v their_o crown_n by_o force_n or_o right_a of_o conquest_n alone_o but_o by_o all_o thing_n require_v by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n to_o create_v a_o full_a and_o absolute_a right_n viz._n a_o long_a uninterrupted_a possession_n and_o the_o absolute_a submission_n of_o the_o people_n for_o themselves_o and_o all_o their_o descendant_n so_o that_o though_o i_o grant_v bare_a conquest_n consider_v as_o a_o force_n can_v give_v no_o right_n alone_o yet_o it_o may_v often_o be_v the_o mother_n of_o right_n and_o may_v at_o last_o grow_v to_o a_o right_n by_o the_o mean_v i_o have_v already_o mention_v f._n before_o i_o reply_v any_o thing_n far_o to_o what_o you_o have_v now_o say_v to_o the_o matter_n of_o right_o acquire_v by_o your_o conqueror_n and_o his_o heir_n pray_v in_o the_o first_o place_n prove_v the_o matter_n of_o fact_n to_o have_v be_v as_o you_o lay_v it_o and_o therefore_o produce_v your_o quotation_n from_o the_o author_n you_o mention_v but_o first_o give_v i_o leave_v to_o tell_v you_o that_o dr_n b._n and_o you_o be_v the_o first_o i_o have_v hear_v to_o